1
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Oudmaijer CAJ, Komninos DSJ, Hoeijmakers JHJ, IJzermans JNM, Vermeij WP. Clinical implications of nutritional interventions reducing calories, a systematic scoping review. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2024; 63:427-439. [PMID: 38986906 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Caloric restriction (CR) constitutes a dietary approach of (temporarily) reducing calorie intake thereby inducing resilience and resistance mechanisms and promoting health. While CR's feasibility and safety have been proven in human trials, its full benefits and translation to different study populations warrants further exploration. METHODS We here conducted a systematic scoping review adhering to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. RESULTS Our search resulted in 3745 individual records, of which 40 were included. We showed that all studies consistently demonstrated the feasibility and safety of CR-like interventions. The specific effects of nutritional preconditioning vary, further underscoring the need for carefully crafted strategies, according to the intended effect, patient population, and logistical limitations. CONCLUSIONS CR-like interventions (long-term CR or short-term fasting) are feasible in a broad range of patient populations. Whether it has clinical benefit, f.i. reducing treatment-induced side effects and enhancing therapy efficacy, has to be investigated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A J Oudmaijer
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Division of Hepatobiliary and Transplantation Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - D S J Komninos
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - J H J Hoeijmakers
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Genome Stability in Ageing and Disease, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Centre for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - J N M IJzermans
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Division of Hepatobiliary and Transplantation Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - W P Vermeij
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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2
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Li M, Macro J, Huggins BJ, Meadows K, Mishra D, Martin D, Kannan K, Rogina B. Extended lifespan in female Drosophila melanogaster through late-life calorie restriction. GeroScience 2024:10.1007/s11357-024-01233-w. [PMID: 38954128 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01233-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Calorie restriction has many beneficial effects on healthspan and lifespan in a variety of species. However, how late in life application of caloric restriction can extend fly life is not clear. Here we show that late-life calorie restriction increases lifespan in female Drosophila melanogaster aged on a high-calorie diet. This shift results in rapid decrease in mortality rate and extends fly lifespan. In contrast, shifting female flies from a low- to a high-calorie diet leads to a rapid increase in mortality and shorter lifespan. These changes are mediated by immediate metabolic and physiological adaptations. One of such adaptation is rapid adjustment in egg production, with flies directing excess energy towards egg production when shifted to a high diet, or away from reproduction in females shifted to low-caloric diet. However, lifelong female fecundity reveals no associated fitness cost due to CR when flies are shifted to a high-calorie diet. In view of high conservation of the beneficial effects of CR on physiology and lifespan in a wide variety of organisms, including humans, our findings could provide valuable insight into CR applications that could provide health benefits later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Li
- Department of Genetics & Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Jacob Macro
- Department of Genetics & Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Billy J Huggins
- Department of Genetics & Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Kali Meadows
- Department of Genetics & Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Dushyant Mishra
- Department of Genetics & Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Dominique Martin
- Department of Genetics & Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Kavitha Kannan
- Department of Genetics & Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Blanka Rogina
- Department of Genetics & Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.
- Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.
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3
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Mann CG, MacArthur MR, Zhang J, Gong S, AbuSalim JE, Hunter CJ, Lu W, Agius T, Longchamp A, Allagnat F, Rabinowitz J, Mitchell JR, De Bock K, Mitchell SJ. Sulfur Amino Acid Restriction Enhances Exercise Capacity in Mice by Boosting Fat Oxidation in Muscle. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.27.601041. [PMID: 39005372 PMCID: PMC11244859 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.27.601041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Dietary restriction of the sulfur-containing amino acids methionine and cysteine (SAAR) improves body composition, enhances insulin sensitivity, and extends lifespan; benefits seen also with endurance exercise. Yet, the impact of SAAR on skeletal muscle remains largely unexplored. Here we demonstrate that one week of SAAR in sedentary, young, male mice increases endurance exercise capacity. Indirect calorimetry showed that SAAR increased lipid oxidation at rest and delayed the onset of carbohydrate utilization during exercise. Transcriptomic analysis revealed increased expression of genes involved in fatty acid catabolism especially in glycolytic muscle following SAAR. These findings were functionally supported by increased fatty acid circulatory turnover flux and muscle β-oxidation. Reducing lipid uptake from circulation through endothelial cell (EC)-specific CD36 deletion attenuated the running phenotype. Mechanistically, VEGF-signaling inhibition prevented exercise increases following SAAR, without affecting angiogenesis, implicating noncanonical VEGF signaling and EC CD36-dependent fatty acid transport in regulating exercise capacity by influencing muscle substrate availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte G Mann
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Michael R MacArthur
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- Lewis-Sigler Institute of Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Songlin Gong
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Jenna E AbuSalim
- Lewis-Sigler Institute of Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Craig J. Hunter
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- Lewis-Sigler Institute of Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Wenyun Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- Lewis-Sigler Institute of Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Thomas Agius
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne 1005, Switzerland
| | - Alban Longchamp
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne 1005, Switzerland
- Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Florent Allagnat
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne 1005, Switzerland
| | - Joshua Rabinowitz
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- Lewis-Sigler Institute of Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - James R Mitchell
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Katrien De Bock
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Sarah J Mitchell
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
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4
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Zheng D, Hong X, He X, Lin J, Fan S, Wu J, Liang Z, Chen S, Yan L, Ren M, Wang W. Intermittent Fasting-Improved Glucose Homeostasis Is Not Entirely Dependent on Caloric Restriction in db/db Male Mice. Diabetes 2024; 73:864-878. [PMID: 38502858 PMCID: PMC11109801 DOI: 10.2337/db23-0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Intermittent fasting (IF), which involves prolonged fasting intervals accompanied by caloric restriction (CR), is an effective dietary treatment for obesity and diabetes. Although IF offers many benefits, it is difficult to determine whether these benefits are the consequences of CR. Every-other-day feeding (EODF) is a commonly used IF research model. This study was designed to identify factors, in addition to CR, responsible for the effects of EODF and the possible underlying mechanisms. Diabetic db/db mice were divided into three groups: ad libitum (AL), meal feeding (MF), and EODF. The MF model was used to attain a level of CR comparable to that of EODF, with food distribution evenly divided between 10:00 a.m. and 6:00 p.m., thereby minimizing the fasting interval. EODF yielded greater improvements in glucose homeostasis than MF in db/db mice by reducing fasting glucose levels and enhancing glucose tolerance. However, these effects on glucose metabolism were less pronounced in lean mice. Furthermore, ubiquitination of the liver-specific glucocorticoid (GC) receptor (GR) facilitated its degradation and downregulation of Kruppel-like factor 9 (KLF9), which ultimately suppressed liver gluconeogenesis in diabetic EODF mice. Although GR and KLF9 might mediate the metabolic benefits of EODF, the potential benefits of EODF might be limited by elevated serum GC levels in diabetic EODF mice. Overall, this study suggests that the metabolic benefits of EODF in improving glucose homeostasis are independent of CR, possibly because of the downstream effects of liver-specific GR degradation. ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinghao Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaosi Hong
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodan He
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianghong Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shujin Fan
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinli Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuoxian Liang
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sifan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Nanhai Translational Innovation Center of Precision Immunology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Foshan, China
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meng Ren
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Shenshan Medical Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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5
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McLean S, Lee M, Liu W, Hameed R, Gujjala VA, Zhou X, Kaeberlein M, Kaya A. Molecular Mechanisms of Genotype-Dependent Lifespan Variation Mediated by Caloric Restriction: Insight from Wild Yeast Isolates. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.17.585422. [PMID: 38559208 PMCID: PMC10979966 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.17.585422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Caloric restriction (CR) is known to extend lifespan across different species and holds great promise for preventing human age-onset pathologies. However, two major challenges exist. First, despite extensive research, the mechanisms of lifespan extension in response to CR remain elusive. Second, genetic differences causing variations in response to CR and genetic factors contributing to variability of CR response on lifespan are largely unknown. Here, we took advantage of natural genetic variation across 46 diploid wild yeast isolates of Saccharomyces species and the lifespan variation under CR conditions to uncover the molecular factors associated with CR response types. We identified genes and metabolic pathways differentially regulated in CR-responsive versus non-responsive strains. Our analysis revealed that altered mitochondrial function and activation of GCN4-mediated environmental stress response are inevitably linked to lifespan variation in response to CR and a unique mitochondrial metabolite might be utilized as a predictive marker for CR response rate. In sum, our data suggests that the effects of CR on longevity may not be universal, even among the closely related species or strains of a single species. Since mitochondrial-mediated signaling pathways are evolutionarily conserved, the dissection of related genetic pathways will be relevant to understanding the mechanism by which CR elicits its longevity effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha McLean
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284 USA
| | - Mitchell Lee
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Ora Biomedical, Seattle, WA, 98168, USA
| | - Weiqiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Zoology, Beijing, China
| | - Rohil Hameed
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284 USA
| | - Vikas Anil Gujjala
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284 USA
| | - Xuming Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Zoology, Beijing, China
| | - Matt Kaeberlein
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Optispan, Seattle, WA, 98168, USA
| | - Alaattin Kaya
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284 USA
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6
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Meeusen H, Romagnolo A, Holsink SAC, van den Broek TJM, van Helvoort A, Gorter JA, van Vliet EA, Verkuyl JM, Silva JP, Aronica E. A novel hepatocyte ketone production assay to help the selection of nutrients for the ketogenic diet treatment of epilepsy. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11940. [PMID: 38789658 PMCID: PMC11126716 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62723-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The classic ketogenic diet is an effective treatment option for drug-resistant epilepsy, but its high fat content challenges patient compliance. Optimizing liver ketone production guided by a method comparing substrates for their ketogenic potential may help to reduce the fat content of the diet without loss in ketosis induction. Here, we present a liver cell assay measuring the β-hydroxybutyrate (βHB) yield from fatty acid substrates. Even chain albumin-conjugated fatty acids comprising between 4 and 18 carbon atoms showed a sigmoidal concentration-βHB response curve (CRC) whereas acetate and omega-3 PUFAs produced no CRC. While CRCs were not distinguished by their half-maximal effective concentration (EC50), they differed by maximum response, which related inversely to the carbon chain length and was highest for butyrate. The assay also suitably assessed the βHB yield from fatty acid blends detecting shifts in maximum response from exchanging medium chain fatty acids for long chain fatty acids. The assay further detected a dual role for butyrate and hexanoic acid as ketogenic substrate at high concentration and ketogenic enhancer at low concentration, augmenting the βHB yield from oleic acid and a fatty acid blend. The assay also found propionate to inhibit ketogenesis from oleic acid and a fatty acid blend at low physiological concentration. Although the in vitro assay shows promise as a tool to optimize the ketogenic yield of a fat blend, its predictive value requires human validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hester Meeusen
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Nutritional Physiology and Functional Nutrients, Medical & Nutrition Science, Danone Nutricia Research, Uppsalalaan 12, 3584CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alessia Romagnolo
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Nutritional Physiology and Functional Nutrients, Medical & Nutrition Science, Danone Nutricia Research, Uppsalalaan 12, 3584CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sophie A C Holsink
- Department of Nutritional Physiology and Functional Nutrients, Medical & Nutrition Science, Danone Nutricia Research, Uppsalalaan 12, 3584CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Thijs J M van den Broek
- Department of Nutritional Physiology and Functional Nutrients, Medical & Nutrition Science, Danone Nutricia Research, Uppsalalaan 12, 3584CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ardy van Helvoort
- Department of Nutritional Physiology and Functional Nutrients, Medical & Nutrition Science, Danone Nutricia Research, Uppsalalaan 12, 3584CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, NUTRIM - Research Institute of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan A Gorter
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erwin A van Vliet
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Martin Verkuyl
- Department of Nutritional Physiology and Functional Nutrients, Medical & Nutrition Science, Danone Nutricia Research, Uppsalalaan 12, 3584CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jose P Silva
- Department of Nutritional Physiology and Functional Nutrients, Medical & Nutrition Science, Danone Nutricia Research, Uppsalalaan 12, 3584CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), Heemstede, The Netherlands
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7
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Lamming DW. Quantification of healthspan in aging mice: introducing FAMY and GRAIL. GeroScience 2024:10.1007/s11357-024-01200-5. [PMID: 38755467 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01200-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The population around the world is graying, and as many of these individuals will spend years suffering from the burdens of age associated diseases, understanding how to increase healthspan, defined as the period of life free from disease and disability, is an urgent priority of geroscience research. The lack of agreed-upon quantitative metrics for measuring healthspan in aging mice has slowed progress in identifying interventions that do not simply increase lifespan, but also healthspan. Here, we define FAMY (Frailty-Adjusted Mouse Years) and GRAIL (Gauging Robust Aging when Increasing Lifespan) as new summary statistics for quantifying healthspan in mice. FAMY integrates lifespan data with longitudinal measurements of a widely utilized clinical frailty index, while GRAIL incorporates these measures and also adds information from widely utilized healthspan assays and the hallmarks of aging. Both metrics are conceptually similar to quality-adjusted life years (QALY), a widely utilized measure of disease burden in humans, and can be readily calculated from data acquired during longitudinal and cross-sectional studies of mouse aging. We find that interventions generally thought to promote health, including calorie restriction, robustly improve healthspan as measured by FAMY and GRAIL. Finally, we show that the use of GRAIL provides new insights, and identify dietary restriction of protein or isoleucine as interventions that robustly promote healthspan but not longevity in female HET3 mice. We suggest that the routine integration of these measures into studies of aging in mice will allow the identification and development of interventions that promote healthy aging even in the absence of increased lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dudley W Lamming
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1685 Highland Ave, MFCB Rm 4147, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
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8
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Mishra M, Wu J, Kane AE, Howlett SE. The intersection of frailty and metabolism. Cell Metab 2024; 36:893-911. [PMID: 38614092 PMCID: PMC11123589 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2024.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
On average, aging is associated with unfavorable changes in cellular metabolism, which are the processes involved in the storage and expenditure of energy. However, metabolic dysregulation may not occur to the same extent in all older individuals as people age at different rates. Those who are aging rapidly are at increased risk of adverse health outcomes and are said to be "frail." Here, we explore the links between frailty and metabolism, including metabolic contributors and consequences of frailty. We examine how metabolic diseases may modify the degree of frailty in old age and suggest that frailty may predispose toward metabolic disease. Metabolic interventions that can mitigate the degree of frailty in people are reviewed. New treatment strategies developed in animal models that are poised for translation to humans are also considered. We suggest that maintaining a youthful metabolism into older age may be protective against frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Mishra
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Judy Wu
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alice E Kane
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Susan E Howlett
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Department of Medicine (Geriatric Medicine), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
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9
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Le Couteur DG, Raubenheimer D, Solon-Biet S, de Cabo R, Simpson SJ. Does diet influence aging? Evidence from animal studies. J Intern Med 2024; 295:400-415. [PMID: 35701180 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nutrition profoundly influences the risk for many age-related diseases. Whether nutrition influences human aging biology directly is less clear. Studies in different animal species indicate that reducing food intake ("caloric restriction" [CR]) can increase lifespan and delay the onset of diseases and the biological hallmarks of aging. Obesity has been described as "accelerated aging" and therefore the lifespan and health benefits generated by CR in both aging and obesity may occur via similar mechanisms. Beyond calorie intake, studies based on nutritional geometry have shown that protein intake and the interaction between dietary protein and carbohydrates influence age-related health and lifespan. Studies where animals are calorically restricted by providing free access to diluted diets have had less impact on lifespan than those studies where animals are given a reduced aliquot of food each day and are fasting between meals. This has drawn attention to the role of fasting in health and aging, and exploration of the health effects of various fasting regimes. Although definitive human clinical trials of nutrition and aging would need to be unfeasibly long and unrealistically controlled, there is good evidence from animal experiments that some nutritional interventions based on CR, manipulating dietary macronutrients, and fasting can influence aging biology and lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Le Couteur
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- ANZAC Research Institute, The Concord Hospital, Concord, Australia
| | - David Raubenheimer
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Samantha Solon-Biet
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging (NIH), Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephen J Simpson
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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10
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Morgan AE, Mc Auley MT. Vascular dementia: From pathobiology to emerging perspectives. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 96:102278. [PMID: 38513772 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VaD) is the second most common type of dementia. VaD is synonymous with ageing, and its symptoms place a significant burden on the health and wellbeing of older people. Despite the identification of a substantial number of risk factors for VaD, the pathological mechanisms underpinning this disease remain to be fully elucidated. Consequently, a biogerontological imperative exists to highlight the modifiable lifestyle factors which can mitigate against the risk of developing VaD. This review will critically examine some of the factors which have been revealed to modulate VaD risk. The survey commences by providing an overview of the putative mechanisms which are associated with the pathobiology of VaD. Next, the factors which influence the risk of developing VaD are examined. Finally, emerging treatment avenues including epigenetics, the gut microbiome, and pro-longevity pharmaceuticals are discussed. By drawing this key evidence together, it is our hope that it can be used to inform future experimental investigations in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Elizabeth Morgan
- School of Health and Sports Sciences, Hope Park, Liverpool Hope University, Liverpool L16 9JD, United Kingdom.
| | - Mark Tomás Mc Auley
- School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford Manchester, Salford M5 4NT, United Kingdom
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11
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Mansilla-Polo M, Piquero-Casals J, Morgado-Carrasco D. Popular Diets and Skin Effects: A Narrative Review. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2024; 115:374-386. [PMID: 37884260 DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2023.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous diets for losing weight, building strength, and managing a range of cardiovascular, neurologic, and skin diseases have become popular in recent years. The ketogenic diet and intermittent fasting in particular have shown promising results in clinical and sports medicine. The Mediterranean diet, in turn, is widely recognized for its numerous health benefits. Also popular are the paleo diet and vegan and gluten-free diets. Positive effects on inflammatory conditions, such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, hidradenitis suppurativa, and acne, have been observed in patients who practice intermittent fasting or follow ketogenic or Mediterranean diets. This last choice may also protect against certain skin cancers. We review the role of several popular diets in the management of skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mansilla-Polo
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, España; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), Valencia, España
| | - J Piquero-Casals
- Dermik, Clínica Dermatológica Multidisciplinar, Barcelona, España
| | - D Morgado-Carrasco
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, España; Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital de Figueres, Fundació Salut Empordà, España.
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12
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Mansilla-Polo M, Piquero-Casals J, Morgado-Carrasco D. [Translated article] Popular Diets and Skin Effects: A Narrative Review. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2024; 115:T374-T386. [PMID: 38336244 DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2023.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Numerous diets for losing weight, building strength, and managing a range of cardiovascular, neurologic, and skin diseases have become popular in recent years. The ketogenic diet and intermittent fasting in particular have shown promising results in clinical and sports medicine. The Mediterranean diet, in turn, is widely recognized for its numerous health benefits. Also popular are the paleo diet and vegan and gluten-free diets. Positive effects on inflammatory conditions, such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, hidradenitis suppurativa, and acne, have been observed in patients who practice intermittent fasting or follow ketogenic or Mediterranean diets. This last choice may also protect against certain skin cancers. We review the role of several popular diets in the management of skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mansilla-Polo
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), Valencia, Spain
| | - J Piquero-Casals
- Dermik, Clínica Dermatológica Multidisciplinar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Morgado-Carrasco
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital de Figueres, Fundació Salut Empordà, Spain.
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13
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Lamming DW. Quantification of healthspan in aging mice: Introducing FAMY and GRAIL. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.11.07.566044. [PMID: 37986745 PMCID: PMC10659332 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.07.566044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
The population around the world is graying, and as many of these individuals will spend years suffering from the burdens of age associated diseases, understanding how to increase healthspan, defined as the period of life free from disease and disability, is an urgent priority of geroscience research. The lack of agreed-upon quantitative metrics for measuring healthspan in aging mice has slowed progress in identifying interventions that do not simply increase lifespan, but also healthspan. Here, we define FAMY (Frailty-Adjusted Mouse Years) and GRAIL (Gauging Robust Aging when Increasing Lifespan) as new summary statistics for quantifying healthspan in mice. FAMY integrates lifespan data with longitudinal measurements of a widely utilized clinical frailty index, while GRAIL incorporates these measures and also adds information from widely utilized healthspan assays and the hallmarks of aging. Both metrics are conceptually similar to quality-adjusted life years (QALY), a widely-utilized measure of disease burden in humans, and can be readily calculated from data acquired during longitudinal and cross-sectional studies of mouse aging. We find that interventions generally thought to promote health, including calorie restriction, robustly improve healthspan as measured by FAMY and GRAIL. Finally, we show that the use of GRAIL provides new insights, and identify dietary restriction of protein or isoleucine as interventions that robustly promote healthspan but not longevity in female HET3 mice. We suggest that the routine integration of these measures into studies of aging in mice will allow the identification and development of interventions that promote healthy aging even in the absence of increased lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dudley W. Lamming
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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14
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Williams AS, Crown SB, Lyons SP, Koves TR, Wilson RJ, Johnson JM, Slentz DH, Kelly DP, Grimsrud PA, Zhang GF, Muoio DM. Ketone flux through BDH1 supports metabolic remodeling of skeletal and cardiac muscles in response to intermittent time-restricted feeding. Cell Metab 2024; 36:422-437.e8. [PMID: 38325337 PMCID: PMC10961007 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2024.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Time-restricted feeding (TRF) has gained attention as a dietary regimen that promotes metabolic health. This study questioned if the health benefits of an intermittent TRF (iTRF) schedule require ketone flux specifically in skeletal and cardiac muscles. Notably, we found that the ketolytic enzyme beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase 1 (BDH1) is uniquely enriched in isolated mitochondria derived from heart and red/oxidative skeletal muscles, which also have high capacity for fatty acid oxidation (FAO). Using mice with BDH1 deficiency in striated muscles, we discover that this enzyme optimizes FAO efficiency and exercise tolerance during acute fasting. Additionally, iTRF leads to robust molecular remodeling of muscle tissues, and muscle BDH1 flux does indeed play an essential role in conferring the full adaptive benefits of this regimen, including increased lean mass, mitochondrial hormesis, and metabolic rerouting of pyruvate. In sum, ketone flux enhances mitochondrial bioenergetics and supports iTRF-induced remodeling of skeletal muscle and heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley S Williams
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Scott B Crown
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Scott P Lyons
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Timothy R Koves
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Rebecca J Wilson
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Jordan M Johnson
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Dorothy H Slentz
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Daniel P Kelly
- Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Paul A Grimsrud
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Guo-Fang Zhang
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Deborah M Muoio
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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15
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Fang G, Chen Q, Li J, Lian X, Shi D. The Diurnal Transcriptome Reveals the Reprogramming of Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells Under a Time-Restricted Feeding-Mimicking Regimen. J Nutr 2024; 154:354-368. [PMID: 38065409 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The processes of tumor growth and circadian rhythm are intimately intertwined; thus, rewiring circadian metabolism by time-restricted feeding (TRF) may contribute to delaying carcinogenesis. However, research on the effect of a TRF cellular regimen on cancer is lacking. OBJECTIVE Investigate the circadian signatures of TRF in lung cancer in vitro. METHODS We first developed a cellular paradigm mimicking in vivo TRF and collected cells for transcriptome analysis. We further confirmed the effect on tumor cells upon 6-h TRF-mimicking (6-h TRFM) by real-time PCR, Lumicycle experiments, CCK-8, and flow cytometry assays. RESULTS We found that A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells treated with 6-h TRFM conditions displayed robust diurnal rhythms of transcriptomes, as well as modulation of the core clock genes relative to other different cellular regimens used in this study, including the fasting-mimicking conditions (ie, short-term starvation) and the serum-free regime. Notably, pathway analysis of oscillating genes exclusively in 6-h TRFM showed that some circadian genes were enriched in tumor-related pathways, such as the oxytocin signaling pathway, HIF-1 signaling pathway, and pentose and glucuronate interconversions. Moreover, in line with the circadian pathway enrichment results, 6-h TRFM robustly inhibited cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells, lung adenocarcinoma H460 cells, esophageal carcinoma Eca-109 cells, and breast adenocarcinoma MCF-7 cells. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide the first in vitro mimicking medium for TRF intervention and indicate that 6-h TRFM is sufficient to reprogram the circadian signatures of lung adenocarcinoma cells and inhibit the progression of multiple tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaofeng Fang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China; Center for Lipid Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China
| | - Qianyao Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China; Center for Lipid Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China
| | - Jianling Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China; Center for Lipid Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China
| | - Xuemei Lian
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China; Center for Lipid Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China.
| | - Dan Shi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China; Center for Lipid Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China; Research Center for Environment and Population Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.
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16
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Griffin PT, Kane AE, Trapp A, Li J, Arnold M, Poganik JR, Conway RJ, McNamara MS, Meer MV, Hoffman N, Amorim JA, Tian X, MacArthur MR, Mitchell SJ, Mueller AL, Carmody C, Vera DL, Kerepesi C, Ying K, Noren Hooten N, Mitchell JR, Evans MK, Gladyshev VN, Sinclair DA. TIME-seq reduces time and cost of DNA methylation measurement for epigenetic clock construction. NATURE AGING 2024; 4:261-274. [PMID: 38200273 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-023-00555-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Epigenetic 'clocks' based on DNA methylation have emerged as the most robust and widely used aging biomarkers, but conventional methods for applying them are expensive and laborious. Here we develop tagmentation-based indexing for methylation sequencing (TIME-seq), a highly multiplexed and scalable method for low-cost epigenetic clocks. Using TIME-seq, we applied multi-tissue and tissue-specific epigenetic clocks in over 1,800 mouse DNA samples from eight tissue and cell types. We show that TIME-seq clocks are accurate and robust, enriched for polycomb repressive complex 2-regulated loci, and benchmark favorably against conventional methods despite being up to 100-fold less expensive. Using dietary treatments and gene therapy, we find that TIME-seq clocks reflect diverse interventions in multiple tissues. Finally, we develop an economical human blood clock (R > 0.96, median error = 3.39 years) in 1,056 demographically representative individuals. These methods will enable more efficient epigenetic clock measurement in larger-scale human and animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick T Griffin
- Blavatnik Institute, Department of Genetics, Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research at Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alice E Kane
- Blavatnik Institute, Department of Genetics, Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research at Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alexandre Trapp
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jien Li
- Blavatnik Institute, Department of Genetics, Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research at Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew Arnold
- Blavatnik Institute, Department of Genetics, Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research at Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jesse R Poganik
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ryan J Conway
- Blavatnik Institute, Department of Genetics, Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research at Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maeve S McNamara
- Blavatnik Institute, Department of Genetics, Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research at Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Margarita V Meer
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- San Diego Institute of Science, Altos Labs, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Noah Hoffman
- Blavatnik Institute, Department of Genetics, Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research at Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - João A Amorim
- Blavatnik Institute, Department of Genetics, Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research at Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiao Tian
- Blavatnik Institute, Department of Genetics, Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research at Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael R MacArthur
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Lewis-Sigler Institute of Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Sarah J Mitchell
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Ludwig Princeton Branch, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Amber L Mueller
- Blavatnik Institute, Department of Genetics, Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research at Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Cell Metabolism, Cell Press, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Colleen Carmody
- Blavatnik Institute, Department of Genetics, Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research at Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel L Vera
- Blavatnik Institute, Department of Genetics, Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research at Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Csaba Kerepesi
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute for Computer Science and Control, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kejun Ying
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicole Noren Hooten
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - James R Mitchell
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michele K Evans
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vadim N Gladyshev
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David A Sinclair
- Blavatnik Institute, Department of Genetics, Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research at Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Neytchev O, Erlandsson H, Witasp A, Nordfors L, Qureshi AR, Iseri K, Morohoshi H, Selman C, Ebert T, Kublickiene K, Stenvinkel P, Shiels PG. Epigenetic clocks indicate that kidney transplantation and not dialysis mitigate the effects of renal ageing. J Intern Med 2024; 295:79-90. [PMID: 37827529 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an age-related disease that displays multiple features of accelerated ageing. It is currently unclear whether the two treatment options for end-stage kidney disease (dialysis and kidney transplantation [KT]) ameliorate the accelerated uremic ageing process. METHODS Data on clinical variables and blood DNA methylation (DNAm) from CKD stage G3-G5 patients were used to estimate biological age based on blood biomarkers (phenotypic age [PA], n = 333), skin autofluorescence (SAF age, n = 199) and DNAm (Horvath, Hannum and PhenoAge clocks, n = 47). In the DNAm cohort, we also measured the change in biological age 1 year after the KT or initiation of dialysis. Healthy subjects recruited from the general population were included as controls. RESULTS All three DNAm clocks indicated an increased biological age in CKD G5. However, PA and SAF age tended to produce implausibly large estimates of biological age in CKD G5. By contrast, DNAm age was 4.9 years (p = 0.005) higher in the transplantation group and 5.9 years (p = 0.001) higher in the dialysis group compared to controls. This age acceleration was significantly reduced 1 year after KT, but not after 1 year of dialysis. CONCLUSIONS Kidney failure patients displayed an increased biological age as estimated by DNAm clocks compared to population-based controls. Our results suggest that KT, but not dialysis, partially reduces the age acceleration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ognian Neytchev
- College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, School of Molecular Biosciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Helen Erlandsson
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Witasp
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Louise Nordfors
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Abdul Rashid Qureshi
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ken Iseri
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hokuto Morohoshi
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Colin Selman
- College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Thomas Ebert
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karolina Kublickiene
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Stenvinkel
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paul G Shiels
- College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, School of Molecular Biosciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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18
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Huang F, Cao Y, Liang J, Tang R, Wu S, Zhang P, Chen R. The influence of the gut microbiome on ovarian aging. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2295394. [PMID: 38170622 PMCID: PMC10766396 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2295394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Ovarian aging occurs prior to the aging of other organ systems and acts as the pacemaker of the aging process of multiple organs. As life expectancy has increased, preventing ovarian aging has become an essential goal for promoting extended reproductive function and improving bone and genitourinary conditions related to ovarian aging in women. An improved understanding of ovarian aging may ultimately provide tools for the prediction and mitigation of this process. Recent studies have suggested a connection between ovarian aging and the gut microbiota, and alterations in the composition and functional profile of the gut microbiota have profound consequences on ovarian function. The interaction between the gut microbiota and the ovaries is bidirectional. In this review, we examine current knowledge on ovary-gut microbiota crosstalk and further discuss the potential role of gut microbiota in anti-aging interventions. Microbiota-based manipulation is an appealing approach that may offer new therapeutic strategies to delay or reverse ovarian aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiling Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Cao
- School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jinghui Liang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Ruiyi Tang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Si Wu
- School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute; MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children; Rare Disease Center, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Beijing, China
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19
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Oudmaijer CAJ, Pol RA, Minnee RC, Vermeij W, Ijzermans JNM. Do treats facilitate the interpretation of findings on caloric restriction? BMJ Nutr Prev Health 2023; 6:374-382. [PMID: 38618535 PMCID: PMC11009534 DOI: 10.1136/bmjnph-2023-000830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Food can build social bonds and enhance interpersonal relationships. An area of research perhaps at odds with food abundance, is caloric restriction (CR), intermittent fasting (IF) or short-term fasting (STF). We aimed to study the impact of offering treats on the audience during presentations on IF and STF and whether this impacted the audience's reception of the subject. The contradiction of the tempting nature of sharing brownies juxtaposed with the potential health benefits presented is a light-hearted subject in a world where nutritional intake and health outcomes are the object of intense academic discussion. Objective Investigate how treats influence hospital personnel interpretation of information presented on the potential benefits of CR, IF and STF. Methods This trial consists of a cross-sectional study (CSS) and a randomised controlled trial (RCT) conducted at three study centres. The CSS involved a survey administered to healthcare professionals to assess their knowledge, experience and willingness regarding IF and/or STF. In the RCT, brownies were randomly provided to healthcare staff attending a scientific meeting on restricting calories. Results 135 participants were included in the CSS and 64 participants joined the randomised experiment. We found that the randomisation had no statistically significant effect. Only 2 out of 64 were aware of the irony of the provided treatment. In the CSS, participants most often cited the expected beneficial effects on their short-term and long-term health as important reasons for adhering to IF and/or STF. Perceiving fasting as beneficial was mostly influenced by knowledge on the topic and previously adhering to a fasting diet. Discussion In this light-hearted, holiday-inspired exploratory study, we found that providing your audience with treats does not influence participants' opinion of you or your research, even when it focuses on the benefits of reducing calorie intake. The recipients of the treat will remain critical of presented findings, and due to prior experiences will be receptive to the counterintuitive topic of fasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiaan Albert Johan Oudmaijer
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, department of Surgery, division of Hepatobiliary and Transplantation Surgery, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Robert A Pol
- Department of Transplantation Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Robert C Minnee
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, department of Surgery, division of Hepatobiliary and Transplantation Surgery, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Wilbert Vermeij
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan N M Ijzermans
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, department of Surgery, division of Hepatobiliary and Transplantation Surgery, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
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20
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Zhang W, Ye Y, Sun Y, Li Y, Ge M, Chen K, Yang L, Chen G, Zhou J. Protein Restriction Effects on Healthspan and Lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster Are Additive With a Longevity-Promoting Diet. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2023; 78:2251-2259. [PMID: 37738989 PMCID: PMC10692430 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glad225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging of the organism is associated diminished response to external stimuli including weakened immune function, resulting in diseases that impair health and lifespan. Several dietary restriction modalities have been reported to improve health and lifespan in different animal models, but it is unknown whether any of the lifespan-extending dietary treatments could be combined to achieve an additive effect. Here, we investigated the effects of halving amino acids components in the HUNTaa diet, a synthetic medium known to extend lifespan in Drosophila. We found that dietary restriction by halving the entire amino acid components (DR group) could further extend lifespan and improve resistance to oxidative stress, desiccation stress, and starvation than flies on HUNTaa diet alone (wt group). Transcriptome analysis of Drosophila at 40, 60, and 80 days of age revealed that genes related to cell proliferation and metabolism decreased with age in the wt group, whereas background stimulus response and amino acid metabolism increased with age. However, these trends differed in the DR group, that is, the DR flies had downregulated stress response genes, including reduced background immune activation. Infection experiments demonstrated that these flies survived longer after feeding infection with Serratia marcescens and Enterococcus faecalis, suggesting that these flies had stronger immune function, and therefore reduced immune senescence. These results demonstrated that halving the entire amino acid components in the HUNTaa diet further extended health and lifespan and suggested that lifespan-extending diet and dietary restriction treatment could be combined to achieve additive beneficial results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Study, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yunshuang Ye
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Study, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yinan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Study, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongxuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Study, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingxia Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution/Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Kangning Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Study, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Study, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Guijun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Study, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jumin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Study, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- KIZ/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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21
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Lee MB, Blue B, Muir M, Kaeberlein M. The million-molecule challenge: a moonshot project to rapidly advance longevity intervention discovery. GeroScience 2023; 45:3103-3113. [PMID: 37432607 PMCID: PMC10643437 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00867-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting aging is the future of twenty-first century preventative medicine. Small molecule interventions that promote healthy longevity are known, but few are well-developed and discovery of novel, robust interventions has stagnated. To accelerate longevity intervention discovery and development, high-throughput systems are needed that can perform unbiased drug screening and directly measure lifespan and healthspan metrics in whole animals. C. elegans is a powerful model system for this type of drug discovery. Combined with automated data capture and analysis technologies, truly high-throughput longevity drug discovery is possible. In this perspective, we propose the "million-molecule challenge", an effort to quantitatively assess 1,000,000 interventions for longevity within five years. The WormBot-AI, our best-in-class robotics and AI data analysis platform, provides a tool to achieve the million-molecule challenge for pennies per animal tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell B Lee
- Ora Biomedical, Inc., 12101 Tukwila International Blvd Suite 210, Seattle, WA, 98168, USA.
| | - Benjamin Blue
- Ora Biomedical, Inc., 12101 Tukwila International Blvd Suite 210, Seattle, WA, 98168, USA
| | - Michael Muir
- Ora Biomedical, Inc., 12101 Tukwila International Blvd Suite 210, Seattle, WA, 98168, USA
| | - Matt Kaeberlein
- Ora Biomedical, Inc., 12101 Tukwila International Blvd Suite 210, Seattle, WA, 98168, USA
- Optispan Geroscience, Seattle, WA, USA
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22
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Margină DM, Drăgoi CM. Intermittent Fasting on Human Health and Disease. Nutrients 2023; 15:4491. [PMID: 37960144 PMCID: PMC10649432 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, but most of all in industrialized countries, and are fundamentally correlated to improper nutrition and impaired lifestyle behaviours [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Denisa Marilena Margină
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristina Manuela Drăgoi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
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23
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Georgiev A, Chervenkov L, Koleva D, Anastasova V. Obesity control and liver health in breast cancer: Normalized hepatic elasticity after ketogenic diet. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20449. [PMID: 37780747 PMCID: PMC10539953 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Most socially significant diseases, including breast cancer, are undeniably linked to obesity. Recently, a positive relationship between excessive weight and increased risk of breast cancer poor outcomes has been proved. Liver integrity is an essential point during chemotherapy. Consequently, a hepatic safe therapeutic approach for managing obesity in patients with breast cancer should be initiated. Our study aimed to assess the impact of the ketogenic diet on body mass index (BMI) and to evaluate its safety on liver function in female patients with breast cancer. The study comprised 520 women with ductal breast cancer who underwent a 60-day modified ketogenic diet. BMI, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin clotting time (aPTT), aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI), and ultrasound liver elasticity was evaluated before and after the diet. The results showed a significant decrease in BMI and an improvement in ultrasound liver elasticity in all the participants after completing the diet. Before the KD, the participants' median BMI was 35.0 kg/m2, and after the 60-day diet, the median BMI was reduced to 30.0 kg/m2. No significant liver parameter changes were found after the diet. In conclusion, we can safely promote the keto diet amongst individuals with an increased chance of developing breast cancer for a better disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Georgiev
- Medical University of Plovdiv, Department of Diagnostic Imaging; 15A Vasil Aprilov Blvd., Plovdiv, 4002, Bulgaria
- Complex Oncology Center of Plovdiv, 62 Pere Toshev Str., Plovdiv, 4004, Bulgaria
| | - Lyubomir Chervenkov
- Medical University of Plovdiv, Department of Diagnostic Imaging; 15A Vasil Aprilov Blvd., Plovdiv, 4002, Bulgaria
| | - Daniela Koleva
- Medical University of Plovdiv, Department of Endocrinology; 15A Vasil Aprilov Blvd., Plovdiv, 4002, Bulgaria
| | - Vanya Anastasova
- Medical University of Plovdiv, Department of Plastic Surgery, 15A Vasil Aprilov Blvd., Plovdiv, 4002, Bulgaria
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24
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Shkunnikova S, Mijakovac A, Sironic L, Hanic M, Lauc G, Kavur MM. IgG glycans in health and disease: Prediction, intervention, prognosis, and therapy. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 67:108169. [PMID: 37207876 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin (IgG) glycosylation is a complex enzymatically controlled process, essential for the structure and function of IgG. IgG glycome is relatively stable in the state of homeostasis, yet its alterations have been associated with aging, pollution and toxic exposure, as well as various diseases, including autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, cardiometabolic diseases, infectious diseases and cancer. IgG is also an effector molecule directly involved in the inflammation processes included in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Numerous recently published studies support the idea that IgG N-glycosylation fine-tunes the immune response and plays a significant role in chronic inflammation. This makes it a promising novel biomarker of biological age, and a prognostic, diagnostic and treatment evaluation tool. Here we provide an overview of the current state of knowledge regarding the IgG glycosylation in health and disease, and its potential applications in pro-active prevention and monitoring of various health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Shkunnikova
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Borongajska cesta 83H, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anika Mijakovac
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Horvatovac 102a, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lucija Sironic
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Borongajska cesta 83H, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Hanic
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Borongajska cesta 83H, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gordan Lauc
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Borongajska cesta 83H, Zagreb, Croatia; University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Ulica Ante Kovačića 1, Zagreb, Croatia
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25
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Günbatar N, Bulduk B, Bezgin S, Oto G, Bayıroğlu F, Bulduk M. The Effect of Moderate-Intensity Physical Exercise on Some Serum Inflammation Markers and the Immune System in Rats Fed Intermittent Fasting with a High-Fat Diet. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1687. [PMID: 37763806 PMCID: PMC10537032 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59091687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the impact of moderate-intensity physical exercise on serum inflammation markers and the immune system in rats that were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) with intermittent fasting. Materials and Methods: A total of 48 Wistar albino male rats were included in the study and divided into eight groups, each consisting of six rats. Group 1 served as the control group (CG), receiving a standard diet. Group 2 followed the standard nutrition program with intermittent fasting (CG + IF). Group 3 underwent exercise with a standard diet (CG + E). Group 4 underwent both a standard diet with intermittent fasting and exercise (CG + IF + E). Group 5 was fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Group 6 received a high-fat diet with intermittent fasting (HFD + IF). Group 7 followed a high-fat diet with exercise (HFD + E). Group 8 underwent both a high-fat diet with intermittent fasting and exercise (HFD + IF + E). The study lasted for 8 weeks. Results: The results of the analysis show that lymphocyte cell levels in groups HFD + IF, HFD + IF, and HFD + IF + E were higher compared to groups CG-HFD (p < 0.05). Additionally, B lymphocyte and monocyte cell levels were higher in group HFD + IF + E compared to groups CG, CG + IF, and CG + IF + E, as well as CG, CG + IF, and CG + E, respectively. TNF-α levels were significantly higher in group HFD compared to the other groups. Furthermore, IL 10 levels were higher in group HFD + IF + E compared to the other groups. Conclusions: These findings indicate that moderate exercise and intermittent fasting, particularly in groups fed a high-fat diet, increased anti-inflammatory cytokine levels, and certain immune system cell counts, while decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokine levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nizamettin Günbatar
- Van School of Health, Van YuzuncuYıl University, 65090 Van, Turkey; (B.B.); (S.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Bahattin Bulduk
- Van School of Health, Van YuzuncuYıl University, 65090 Van, Turkey; (B.B.); (S.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Selver Bezgin
- Van School of Health, Van YuzuncuYıl University, 65090 Van, Turkey; (B.B.); (S.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Gökhan Oto
- Department of Pharmacology, Van YuzuncuYıl University, 65090 Van, Turkey;
| | - Fahri Bayıroğlu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Yıldırım Beyazıt University, 06200 Ankara, Turkey;
| | - Mehmet Bulduk
- Van School of Health, Van YuzuncuYıl University, 65090 Van, Turkey; (B.B.); (S.B.); (M.B.)
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26
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Horne BD, Clark CCT. Editorial: Intermittent fasting and time-restricted eating in health, physical performance, and disease prevention. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1264535. [PMID: 37609487 PMCID: PMC10441223 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1264535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D. Horne
- Intermountain Medical Center Heart Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Cain C. T. Clark
- Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
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27
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Isola JVV, Veiga GB, de Brito CRC, Alvarado-Rincón JA, Garcia DN, Zanini BM, Hense JD, Vieira AD, Garratt M, Gasperin BG, Schneider A, Stout MB. 17α-estradiol does not adversely affect sperm parameters or fertility in male mice: implications for reproduction-longevity trade-offs. GeroScience 2023; 45:2109-2120. [PMID: 35689785 PMCID: PMC10651587 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00601-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
17α-estradiol (17α-E2) is referred to as a nonfeminizing estrogen that was recently found to extend healthspan and lifespan in male, but not female, mice. Despite an abundance of data indicating that 17α-E2 attenuates several hallmarks of aging in male rodents, very little is known with regard to its effects on feminization and fertility. In these studies, we evaluated the effects of 17α-E2 on several markers of male reproductive health in two independent cohorts of mice. In alignment with our previous reports, chronic 17α-E2 treatment prevented gains in body mass, but did not adversely affect testes mass or seminiferous tubule morphology. We subsequently determined that chronic 17α-E2 treatment also did not alter plasma 17β-estradiol or estrone concentrations, while mildly increasing plasma testosterone levels. We also determined that chronic 17α-E2 treatment did not alter plasma follicle-stimulating hormone or luteinizing hormone concentrations, which suggests 17α-E2 treatment does not alter gonadotropin-releasing hormone neuronal function. Sperm quantity, morphology, membrane integrity, and various motility measures were also unaffected by chronic 17α-E2 treatment in our studies. Lastly, two different approaches were used to evaluate male fertility in these studies. We found that chronic 17α-E2 treatment did not diminish the ability of male mice to impregnate female mice, or to generate successfully implanted embryos in the uterus. We conclude that chronic treatment with 17α-E2 at the dose most commonly employed in aging research does not adversely affect reproductive fitness in male mice, which suggests 17α-E2 does not extend lifespan or curtail disease parameters through tradeoff effects with reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- José V V Isola
- Aging & Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th Street, Chapman S212, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriel B Veiga
- Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Rua Gomes Carneiro, 1, Pelotas, RS, 96010-610, Brazil
| | - Camila R C de Brito
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Joao A Alvarado-Rincón
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad de La Salle, Campus Utopía, Yopal, Casanare, Colombia
| | - Driele N Garcia
- Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Rua Gomes Carneiro, 1, Pelotas, RS, 96010-610, Brazil
| | - Bianka M Zanini
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Jéssica D Hense
- Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Rua Gomes Carneiro, 1, Pelotas, RS, 96010-610, Brazil
| | - Arnaldo D Vieira
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Michael Garratt
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Bernardo G Gasperin
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Augusto Schneider
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
- Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Rua Gomes Carneiro, 1, Pelotas, RS, 96010-610, Brazil.
| | - Michael B Stout
- Aging & Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th Street, Chapman S212, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
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28
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Silva-García CG. Devo-Aging: Intersections Between Development and Aging. GeroScience 2023; 45:2145-2159. [PMID: 37160658 PMCID: PMC10651630 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00809-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
There are two fundamental questions in developmental biology. How does a single fertilized cell give rise to a whole body? and how does this body later produce progeny? Synchronization of these embryonic and postembryonic developments ensures continuity of life from one generation to the next. An enormous amount of work has been done to unravel the molecular mechanisms behind these processes, but more recently, modern developmental biology has been expanded to study development in wider contexts, including regeneration, environment, disease, and even aging. However, we have just started to understand how the mechanisms that govern development also regulate aging. This review discusses examples of signaling pathways involved in development to elucidate how their regulation influences healthspan and lifespan. Therefore, a better knowledge of developmental signaling pathways stresses the possibility of using them as innovative biomarkers and targets for aging and age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Giovanni Silva-García
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
- Center on the Biology of Aging, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
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29
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Mihaylova MM, Chaix A, Delibegovic M, Ramsey JJ, Bass J, Melkani G, Singh R, Chen Z, Ja WW, Shirasu-Hiza M, Latimer MN, Mattison JA, Thalacker-Mercer AE, Dixit VD, Panda S, Lamming DW. When a calorie is not just a calorie: Diet quality and timing as mediators of metabolism and healthy aging. Cell Metab 2023; 35:1114-1131. [PMID: 37392742 PMCID: PMC10528391 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
An epidemic of obesity has affected large portions of the world, increasing the risk of developing many different age-associated diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. In contrast with the prevailing notion that "a calorie is just a calorie," there are clear differences, within and between individuals, in the metabolic response to different macronutrient sources. Recent findings challenge this oversimplification; calories from different macronutrient sources or consumed at different times of day have metabolic effects beyond their value as fuel. Here, we summarize discussions conducted at a recent NIH workshop that brought together experts in calorie restriction, macronutrient composition, and time-restricted feeding to discuss how dietary composition and feeding schedule impact whole-body metabolism, longevity, and healthspan. These discussions may provide insights into the long-sought molecular mechanisms engaged by calorie restriction to extend lifespan, lead to novel therapies, and potentially inform the development of a personalized food-as-medicine approach to healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M Mihaylova
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; The Ohio State University, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wexner Medical Center, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Amandine Chaix
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Mirela Delibegovic
- Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill Health Campus, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Jon J Ramsey
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Joseph Bass
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Girish Melkani
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Rajat Singh
- Department of Medicine, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - William W Ja
- Department of Neuroscience, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Michele Shirasu-Hiza
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mary N Latimer
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Julie A Mattison
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anna E Thalacker-Mercer
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Vishwa Deep Dixit
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale Center for Research on Aging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Satchidananda Panda
- Regulatory Biology Lab, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Dudley W Lamming
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA.
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30
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Mondal SA, Mann SN, van der Linden C, Sathiaseelan R, Kamal M, Das S, Bubak MP, Logan S, Miller BF, Stout MB. Metabolic benefits of 17α-estradiol in liver are partially mediated by ERβ in male mice. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9841. [PMID: 37330610 PMCID: PMC10276872 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37007-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction underlies several chronic diseases. Dietary interventions can reverse metabolic declines and slow aging but remaining compliant is difficult. 17α-estradiol (17α-E2) treatment improves metabolic parameters and slows aging in male mice without inducing significant feminization. We recently reported that estrogen receptor α is required for the majority of 17α-E2-mediated benefits in male mice, but that 17α-E2 also attenuates fibrogenesis in liver, which is regulated by estrogen receptor β (ERβ)-expressing hepatic stellate cells (HSC). The current studies sought to determine if 17α-E2-mediated benefits on systemic and hepatic metabolism are ERβ-dependent. We found that 17α-E2 treatment reversed obesity and related systemic metabolic sequela in both male and female mice, but this was partially blocked in female, but not male, ERβKO mice. ERβ ablation in male mice attenuated 17α-E2-mediated benefits on hepatic stearoyl-coenyzme A desaturase 1 (SCD1) and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) production, which play critical roles in HSC activation and liver fibrosis. We also found that 17α-E2 treatment suppresses SCD1 production in cultured hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells, indicating that 17α-E2 directly signals in both cell-types to suppress drivers of steatosis and fibrosis. We conclude that ERβ partially controls 17α-E2-mediated benefits on systemic metabolic regulation in female, but not male, mice, and that 17α-E2 likely signals through ERβ in HSCs to attenuate pro-fibrotic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samim Ali Mondal
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th Street, Chapman S212, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Shivani N Mann
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Carl van der Linden
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th Street, Chapman S212, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Roshini Sathiaseelan
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th Street, Chapman S212, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Maria Kamal
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Snehasis Das
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, USA
| | - Matthew P Bubak
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th Street, Chapman S212, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Sreemathi Logan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Benjamin F Miller
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th Street, Chapman S212, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Oklahoma City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Michael B Stout
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th Street, Chapman S212, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
- Oklahoma City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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31
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van’t Sant LJ, Birkisdóttir MB, Ozinga RA, Gyenis Á, Hoeijmakers JH, Vermeij WP, Jaarsma D. Gene expression changes in cerebellum induced by dietary restriction. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1185665. [PMID: 37293544 PMCID: PMC10244750 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1185665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dietary restriction (DR) is a well-established universal anti-aging intervention, and is neuroprotective in multiple models of nervous system disease, including models with cerebellar pathology. The beneficial effects of DR are associated with a rearrangement of gene expression that modulate metabolic and cytoprotective pathways. However, the effect of DR on the cerebellar transcriptome remained to be fully defined. Results Here we analyzed the effect of a classical 30% DR protocol on the transcriptome of cerebellar cortex of young-adult male mice using RNAseq. We found that about 5% of expressed genes were differentially expressed in DR cerebellum, the far majority of whom showing subtle expression changes. A large proportion of down-regulated genes are implicated in signaling pathways, in particular pathways associated with neuronal signaling. DR up regulated pathways in large part were associated with cytoprotection and DNA repair. Analysis of the expression of cell-specific gene sets, indicated a strong enrichment of DR down genes in Purkinje cells, while genes specifically associated with granule cells did not show such a preferential down-regulation. Conclusion Our data show that DR may have a clear effect on the cerebellar transcriptome inducing a mild shift from physiology towards maintenance and repair, and having cell-type specific effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - María B. Birkisdóttir
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Rutger A. Ozinga
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ákos Gyenis
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Genome Stability in Ageing and Disease, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jan H.J. Hoeijmakers
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Genome Stability in Ageing and Disease, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wilbert P. Vermeij
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Dick Jaarsma
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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32
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Mondal SA, Mann SN, van der Linden C, Sathiaseelan R, Kamal M, Das S, Bubak MP, Logan S, Miller BF, Stout MB. Metabolic benefits of 17α-estradiol in liver are partially mediated by ERβ in male mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.25.534216. [PMID: 36993459 PMCID: PMC10055366 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.25.534216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction underlies several chronic diseases. Dietary interventions can reverse metabolic declines and slow aging but remaining compliant is difficult. 17α-estradiol (17α-E2) treatment improves metabolic parameters and slows aging in male mice without inducing significant feminization. We recently reported that estrogen receptor α is required for the majority of 17α-E2-mediated benefits in male mice, but that 17α-E2 also attenuates fibrogenesis in liver, which is regulated by estrogen receptor β (ERβ)-expressing hepatic stellate cells (HSC). The current studies sought to determine if 17α-E2-mediated benefits on systemic and hepatic metabolism are ERβ-dependent. We found that 17α-E2 treatment reversed obesity and related systemic metabolic sequela in both male and female mice, but this was partially blocked in female, but not male, ERβKO mice. ERβ ablation in male mice attenuated 17α-E2-mediated benefits on hepatic stearoyl-coenyzme A desaturase 1 (SCD1) and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) production, which play critical roles in HSC activation and liver fibrosis. We also found that 17α-E2 treatment suppresses SCD1 production in cultured hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells, indicating that 17α-E2 directly signals in both cell-types to suppress drivers of steatosis and fibrosis. We conclude that ERβ partially controls 17α-E2-mediated benefits on systemic metabolic regulation in female, but not male, mice, and that 17α-E2 likely signals through ERβ in HSCs to attenuate pro-fibrotic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samim Ali Mondal
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Shivani N. Mann
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Carl van der Linden
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Roshini Sathiaseelan
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Maria Kamal
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Snehasis Das
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK USA
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, USA
| | - Matthew P. Bubak
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Sreemathi Logan
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK USA
| | - Benjamin F. Miller
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Oklahoma City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Michael B. Stout
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Oklahoma City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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33
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LaLonde-Paul D, Mouttham L, Promislow DEL, Castelhano MG. Banking on a new understanding: translational opportunities from veterinary biobanks. GeroScience 2023:10.1007/s11357-023-00763-z. [PMID: 36890420 PMCID: PMC10400517 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00763-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Current advances in geroscience are due in part to the discovery of biomarkers with high predictive ability in short-lived laboratory animals such as flies and mice. These model species, however, do not always adequately reflect human physiology and disease, highlighting the need for a more comprehensive and relevant model of human aging. Domestic dogs offer a solution to this obstacle, as they share many aspects not only of the physiological and pathological trajectories of their human counterpart, but also of their environment. Furthermore, they age at a considerably faster rate. Studying aging in the companion dog provides an opportunity to better understand the biological and environmental determinants of healthy lifespan in our pets, and to translate those findings to human aging. Biobanking, the systematic collection, processing, storage, and distribution of biological material and associated data has contributed to basic, clinical, and translational research by streamlining the management of high-quality biospecimens for biomarker discovery and validation. In this review, we discuss how veterinary biobanks can support research on aging, particularly when integrated into large-scale longitudinal studies. As an example of this concept, we introduce the Dog Aging Project Biobank.
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Affiliation(s)
- D LaLonde-Paul
- Cornell Veterinary Biobank, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - L Mouttham
- Cornell Veterinary Biobank, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - D E L Promislow
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - M G Castelhano
- Cornell Veterinary Biobank, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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Preservation of mitochondrial membrane potential is necessary for lifespan extension from dietary restriction. GeroScience 2023:10.1007/s11357-023-00766-w. [PMID: 36877298 PMCID: PMC10400507 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00766-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary restriction (DR) increases lifespan in many organisms, but its underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Mitochondria play a central role in metabolic regulation and are known to undergo changes in structure and function in response to DR. Mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) is the driving force for ATP production and mitochondrial outputs that integrate many cellular signals. One such signal regulated by Δψm is nutrient-status sensing. Here, we tested the hypothesis that DR promotes longevity through preserved Δψm during adulthood. Using the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, we find that Δψm declines with age relatively early in the lifespan, and this decline is attenuated by DR. Pharmacologic depletion of Δψm blocked the longevity and health benefits of DR. Genetic perturbation of Δψm and mitochondrial ATP availability similarly prevented lifespan extension from DR. Taken together, this study provides further evidence that appropriate regulation of Δψm is a critical factor for health and longevity in response to DR.
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35
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Senior AM. Estimating Genetic Variance in Life-Span Response to Diet: Insights From Statistical Simulation. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2023; 78:392-396. [PMID: 36008106 PMCID: PMC9977232 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glac172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies demonstrate genetic variation in response to dietary restriction (DR) by replicating treatments across isogenic lines/strains from genetic reference panels. These studies typically quantify the response to DR as an effect size, estimated for each strain separately (eg, the difference in mean life span between groups). Such "no-pooling" analyses are expected to systematically overestimate variation in response DR, principally by overlooking sampling variance. In contrast, "partial-pooling" analyses using mixed-effects models are less prone to this bias. I demonstrate these issues using simulations, which also show that partial-pooling analyses can improve replicability among studies. Regardless of the analyses used, estimates of among-strain variation will have low precision when sample sizes are small. A worked example using survival data in mice is given. Life-span studies using genetic reference panels always have to trade-off within- and among-strain replication owing to logistical challenges. The simulation presented can also be used to help design such studies through power analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistair M Senior
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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36
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Walzik D, Jonas W, Joisten N, Belen S, Wüst RCI, Guillemin G, Zimmer P. Tissue-specific effects of exercise as NAD + -boosting strategy: Current knowledge and future perspectives. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2023; 237:e13921. [PMID: 36599416 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+ ) is an evolutionarily highly conserved coenzyme with multi-faceted cell functions, including energy metabolism, molecular signaling processes, epigenetic regulation, and DNA repair. Since the discovery that lower NAD+ levels are a shared characteristic of various diseases and aging per se, several NAD+ -boosting strategies have emerged. Other than pharmacological and nutritional approaches, exercise is thought to restore NAD+ homeostasis through metabolic adaption to chronically recurring states of increased energy demand. In this review we discuss the impact of acute exercise and exercise training on tissue-specific NAD+ metabolism of rodents and humans to highlight the potential value as NAD+ -boosting strategy. By interconnecting results from different investigations, we aim to draw attention to tissue-specific alterations in NAD+ metabolism and the associated implications for whole-body NAD+ homeostasis. Acute exercise led to profound alterations of intracellular NAD+ metabolism in various investigations, with the magnitude and direction of changes being strongly dependent on the applied exercise modality, cell type, and investigated animal model or human population. Exercise training elevated NAD+ levels and NAD+ metabolism enzymes in various tissues. Based on these results, we discuss molecular mechanisms that might connect acute exercise-induced disruptions of NAD+ /NADH homeostasis to chronic exercise adaptions in NAD+ metabolism. Taking this hypothesis-driven approach, we hope to inspire future research on the molecular mechanisms of exercise as NAD+ -modifying lifestyle intervention, thereby elucidating the potential therapeutic value in NAD+ -related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Walzik
- Division of Performance and Health (Sports Medicine), Institute for Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Wiebke Jonas
- Division of Performance and Health (Sports Medicine), Institute for Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Niklas Joisten
- Division of Performance and Health (Sports Medicine), Institute for Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Sergen Belen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Rob C I Wüst
- Laboratory for Myology, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gilles Guillemin
- Neuroinflammation Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Philipp Zimmer
- Division of Performance and Health (Sports Medicine), Institute for Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
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37
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Chiang CH, Li SJ, Lin YH, Wang PY, Hsu PS, Lin SP, Chiang TC, Chen CY. Early-onset caloric restriction alleviates ageing-associated steatohepatitis in male mice via restoring mitochondrial homeostasis. Biogerontology 2023; 24:391-401. [PMID: 36802043 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-023-10023-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with ageing, and impaired mitochondrial homeostasis is the main cause for hepatic ageing. Caloric restriction (CR) is a promising therapeutic approach for fatty liver. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the possibility of early-onset CR in decelerating the progression of ageing-related steatohepatitis. The putative mechanism associated with mitochondria was further determined. C57BL/6 male mice at 8 weeks of age were randomly assigned to one of three treatments: Young-AL (AL, ad libitum), Aged-AL, or Aged-CR (60% intake of AL). Mice were sacrificed when they were 7 months old (Young) or 20 months old (Aged). Aged-AL mice displayed the greatest body weight, liver weight, and liver relative weight among treatments. Steatosis, lipid peroxidation, inflammation, and fibrosis coexisted in the aged liver. Mega mitochondria with short, randomly organized crista were noticed in the aged liver. The CR ameliorated these unfavourable outcomes. The level of hepatic ATP decreased with ageing, but this was reversed by CR. Ageing caused a decrease in mitochondrial-related protein expressions of respiratory chain complexes (NDUFB8 and SDHB) and fission (DRP1), but an increase in proteins related to mitochondrial biogenesis (TFAM), and fusion (MFN2). CR reversed the expression of these proteins in the aged liver. Both Aged-CR and Young-AL revealed a comparable pattern of protein expression. To summarize, this study demonstrated the potential of early-onset CR in preventing ageing-associated steatohepatitis, and maintaining mitochondrial functions may contribute to CR's protection during hepatic ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hsien Chiang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sin-Jin Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yu-Han Lin
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yu Wang
- Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pu-Sheng Hsu
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shau-Ping Lin
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Chia Chiang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yi Chen
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, No. 50, Lane 155, Sec 3, Keelung Rd, Taipei, 10672, Taiwan.
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Makievskaya CI, Popkov VA, Andrianova NV, Liao X, Zorov DB, Plotnikov EY. Ketogenic Diet and Ketone Bodies against Ischemic Injury: Targets, Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:2576. [PMID: 36768899 PMCID: PMC9916612 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The ketogenic diet (KD) has been used as a treatment for epilepsy since the 1920s, and its role in the prevention of many other diseases is now being considered. In recent years, there has been an intensive investigation on using the KD as a therapeutic approach to treat acute pathologies, including ischemic ones. However, contradictory data are observed for the effects of the KD on various organs after ischemic injury. In this review, we provide the first systematic analysis of studies conducted from 1980 to 2022 investigating the effects and main mechanisms of the KD and its mimetics on ischemia-reperfusion injury of the brain, heart, kidneys, liver, gut, and eyes. Our analysis demonstrated a high diversity of both the composition of the used KD and the protocols for the treatment of animals, which could be the reason for contradictory effects in different studies. It can be concluded that a true KD or its mimetics, such as β-hydroxybutyrate, can be considered as positive exposure, protecting the organ from ischemia and its negative consequences, whereas the shift to a rather similar high-calorie or high-fat diet leads to the opposite effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciara I. Makievskaya
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vasily A. Popkov
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nadezda V. Andrianova
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Xinyu Liao
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry B. Zorov
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Egor Y. Plotnikov
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 117997 Moscow, Russia
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Birkisdóttir MB, Van’t Sant LJ, Brandt RMC, Barnhoorn S, Hoeijmakers JHJ, Vermeij WP, Jaarsma D. Purkinje-cell-specific DNA repair-deficient mice reveal that dietary restriction protects neurons by cell-intrinsic preservation of genomic health. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 14:1095801. [PMID: 36760711 PMCID: PMC9902592 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1095801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary restriction (DR) is a universal anti-aging intervention, which reduces age-related nervous system pathologies and neurological decline. The degree to which the neuroprotective effect of DR operates by attenuating cell intrinsic degradative processes rather than influencing non-cell autonomous factors such as glial and vascular health or systemic inflammatory status is incompletely understood. Following up on our finding that DR has a remarkably large beneficial effect on nervous system pathology in whole-body DNA repair-deficient progeroid mice, we show here that DR also exerts strong neuroprotection in mouse models in which a single neuronal cell type, i.e., cerebellar Purkinje cells, experience genotoxic stress and consequent premature aging-like dysfunction. Purkinje cell specific hypomorphic and knock-out ERCC1 mice on DR retained 40 and 25% more neurons, respectively, with equal protection against P53 activation, and alike results from whole-body ERCC1-deficient mice. Our findings show that DR strongly reduces Purkinje cell death in our Purkinje cell-specific accelerated aging mouse model, indicating that DR protects Purkinje cells from intrinsic DNA-damage-driven neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Björk Birkisdóttir
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands,Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Renata M. C. Brandt
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sander Barnhoorn
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jan H. J. Hoeijmakers
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands,Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands,Faculty of Medicine, CECAD, Institute for Genome Stability in Aging and Disease, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Wilbert P. Vermeij
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands,*Correspondence: Wilbert P. Vermeij, ✉
| | - Dick Jaarsma
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands,Dick Jaarsma, ✉
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40
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Hepowit NL, Blalock E, Lee S, Bretland KM, MacGurn JA, Dickson RC. Reduced sphingolipid biosynthesis modulates proteostasis networks to enhance longevity. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:472-491. [PMID: 36640272 PMCID: PMC9925692 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
As the elderly population increases, chronic, age-associated diseases are challenging healthcare systems around the world. Nutrient limitation is well known to slow the aging process and improve health. Regrettably, practicing nutrient restriction to improve health is unachievable for most people. Alternatively, pharmacological strategies are being pursued including myriocin which increases lifespan in budding yeast. Myriocin impairs sphingolipid synthesis, resulting in lowered amino acid pools which promote entry into a quiescent, long-lived state. Here we present transcriptomic data during the first 6 hours of drug treatment that improves our mechanistic understanding of the cellular response to myriocin and reveals a new role for ubiquitin in longevity. Previously we found that the methionine transporter Mup1 traffics to the plasma membrane normally in myriocin-treated cells but is not active and undergoes endocytic clearance. We now show that UBI4, a gene encoding stressed-induced ubiquitin, is vital for myriocin-enhanced lifespan. Furthermore, we show that Mup1 fused to a deubiquitinase domain impairs myriocin-enhanced longevity. Broader effects of myriocin treatment on ubiquitination are indicated by our finding of a significant increase in K63-linked ubiquitin polymers following myriocin treatment. Although proteostasis is broadly accepted as a pillar of aging, our finding that ubiquitination of an amino acid transporter promotes longevity in myriocin-treated cells is novel. Addressing the role of ubiquitination/deubiquitination in longevity has the potential to reveal new strategies and targets for promoting healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel L. Hepowit
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Eric Blalock
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Sangderk Lee
- College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Kimberly M. Bretland
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Jason A. MacGurn
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Robert C. Dickson
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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41
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Monteiro JP, Morine MJ, Ued FV, Kaput J. Identifying and Analyzing Topic Clusters in a Nutri-, Food-, and Diet-Proteomic Corpus Using Machine Reading. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020270. [PMID: 36678141 PMCID: PMC9863309 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutrition affects the early stages of disease development, but the mechanisms remain poorly understood. High-throughput proteomic methods are being used to generate data and information on the effects of nutrients, foods, and diets on health and disease processes. In this report, a novel machine reading pipeline was used to identify all articles and abstracts on proteomics, diet, food, and nutrition in humans. The resulting proteomic corpus was further analyzed to produce seven clusters of "thematic" content defined as documents that have similar word content. Examples of publications from several of these clusters were then described in a similar way to a typical descriptive review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Pontes Monteiro
- Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Bandeirantes Avenue, 3900, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Fabio V. Ued
- Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Bandeirantes Avenue, 3900, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil
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Kruseova J, Zichova A, Eckschlager T. Premature aging in childhood cancer survivors. Oncol Lett 2022; 25:43. [PMID: 36644152 PMCID: PMC9811640 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2022.13629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Progress in medicine has increased the survival time of children suffering from cancer; >80% of patients survive for at least 5 years from the end of treatment. However, there are late effects of anticancer therapy, which accompany this success. Two-thirds of childhood cancer survivors (CCSs) have at least one late effect (any side effects or complications of anticancer treatment that appear months to years after the completion of treatment), e.g. endocrinopathies, cardiovascular diseases or subsequent cancers, and half of these late effects are serious or life threatening. These late consequences of childhood cancer treatment pose a serious health, social and economic problem. A common mechanism for developing a number of late effects is the onset of premature biological aging, which is associated with the early onset of chronic diseases and death. Cellular senescence in cancer survivors is caused by therapy that can induce chromosomal aberrations, mutations, telomere shortening, epigenetic alterations and mitochondrial dysfunctions. The mechanisms of accelerated aging in cancer survivors have not yet been fully clarified. The measurement of biological age in survivors can help improve the understanding of aging mechanisms and identify risk factors for premature aging. However, to the best of our knowledge, no single marker for the evaluation of biological or functional age is known, so it is therefore necessary to measure the consequences of anticancer treatment using complex assessments. The present review presents an overview of premature aging in CCSs and of the mechanisms involved in its development, focusing on the association of senescence and late effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarmila Kruseova
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 2nd Medical Faculty, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Zichova
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 2nd Medical Faculty, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Eckschlager
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 2nd Medical Faculty, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic,Correspondence to: Professor Tomas Eckschlager, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 2nd Medical Faculty, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, V Uvalu 84, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic, E-mail:
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43
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Susceptibility of Human Plasma N-glycome to Low-Calorie and Different Weight-Maintenance Diets. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415772. [PMID: 36555411 PMCID: PMC9779867 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant plasma protein glycosylation is associated with a wide range of diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular, and immunological disorders. To investigate plasma protein glycosylation alterations due to weight loss and successive weight-maintenance diets, 1850 glycomes from participants of the Diogenes study were analyzed using Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC). The Diogenes study is a large dietary intervention study in which participants were subjected to a low-calorie diet (LCD) followed by one of five different weight-maintenance diets in a period of 6 months. The most notable alterations of the plasma glycome were 8 weeks after the subjects engaged in the LCD; a significant increase in low-branched glycan structures, accompanied by a decrease in high-branched glycan structures. After the LCD period, there was also a significant rise in N-glycan structures with antennary fucose. Interestingly, we did not observe significant changes between different diets, and almost all effects we observed immediately after the LCD period were annulled during the weight-maintenance diets period.
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Xu P, Chen Q, Chen X, Qi H, Yang Y, Li W, Yang X, Gunawan A, Chen S, Zhang H, Shen HM, Huang D, Kennedy B, Xu L, Wu Z. Morusin and mulberrin extend the lifespans of yeast and C. elegans via suppressing nutrient-sensing pathways. GeroScience 2022; 45:949-964. [PMID: 36462128 PMCID: PMC9886792 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00693-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Compounds with lifespan extension activity are rare, although increasing research efforts have been invested in this field to find ways to extend healthy lifespan. By applying a yeast-based high-throughput assay to identify the chronological lifespan extension activity of mulberry extracts rapidly, we demonstrated that a group of prenylated flavones, particularly morusin and mulberrin, could extend the chronological lifespan of budding yeast via a nutrient-dependent regime by at least partially targeting SCH9. Their antiaging activity could be extended to C. elegans by promoting its longevity, dependent on the full functions of genes akt-1 or akt-2. Moreover, additional benefits were observed from morusin- and mulberrin-treated worms, including increased reproduction without the influence of worm health (pumping rate, pumping decline, and reproduction span). In the human HeLa cell model, morusin and mulberrin inhibited the phosphorylation of p70S6K1, promoted autophagy, and slowed cell senescence. The molecular docking study showed that mulberrin and morusin bind to the same pocket of p70S6K1. Collectively, our findings open up a potential class of prenylated flavones performing their antiaging activity via nutrient-sensing pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingkang Xu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117542 Singapore ,National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, 377 Linquan St, Suzhou, Jiangsu China
| | - Qimin Chen
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117542 Singapore
| | - Xiaoman Chen
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117542 Singapore ,National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, 377 Linquan St, Suzhou, Jiangsu China
| | - Hao Qi
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yuyan Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Weiqi Li
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117542 Singapore ,National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, 377 Linquan St, Suzhou, Jiangsu China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117542 Singapore
| | - Amelia Gunawan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117542 Singapore
| | - Shuoyu Chen
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117542 Singapore
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Han-Ming Shen
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore ,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Dejian Huang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117542, Singapore. .,National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, 377 Linquan St, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Brian Kennedy
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Li Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.
| | - Ziyun Wu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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45
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Murphy A, Vyavahare S, Kumar S, Lee TJ, Sharma A, Adusumilli S, Hamrick M, Isales CM, Fulzele S. Dietary interventions and molecular mechanisms for healthy musculoskeletal aging. Biogerontology 2022; 23:681-698. [PMID: 35727468 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-022-09970-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, extensive efforts have focused on understanding age-associated diseases and how to prolong a healthy lifespan. The induction of dietary protocols such as caloric restriction (CR) and protein restriction (PR) has positively affected a healthy lifespan. These intervention ideas (nutritional protocols) have been the subject of human cohort studies and clinical trials to evaluate their effectiveness in alleviating age-related diseases (such as type II diabetes, cardiovascular disease, obesity, and musculoskeletal fragility) and promoting human longevity. This study summarizes the literature on the nutritional protocols, emphasizing their impacts on bone and muscle biology. In addition, we analyzed several CR studies using Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and identified common transcriptome changes to understand the signaling pathway involved in musculoskeletal tissue. We identified nine novel common genes, out of which five were upregulated (Emc3, Fam134b, Fbxo30, Pip5k1a, and Retsat), and four were downregulated (Gstm2, Per2, Fam78a, and Sel1l3) with CR in muscles. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis revealed that CR regulates several signaling pathways (e.g., circadian gene regulation and rhythm, energy reserve metabolic process, thermogenesis) involved in energy metabolism. In conclusion, this study summarizes the beneficiary role of CR and identifies novel genes and signaling pathways involved in musculoskeletal biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Murphy
- Department of Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Sagar Vyavahare
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Tae Jin Lee
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Ashok Sharma
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | | | - Mark Hamrick
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.,Center for Healthy Aging, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Carlos M Isales
- Department of Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.,Center for Healthy Aging, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Sadanand Fulzele
- Department of Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA. .,Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA. .,Center for Healthy Aging, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
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Mc Auley MT. Dietary restriction and ageing: Recent evolutionary perspectives. Mech Ageing Dev 2022; 208:111741. [PMID: 36167215 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2022.111741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Dietary restriction (DR) represents one of the most robust interventions for extending lifespan. It is not known how DR increases lifespan. The prevailing evolutionary hypothesis suggests the DR response redirects metabolic resources towards somatic maintenance at the expense of investment in reproduction. Consequently, DR acts as a proximate mechanism which promotes a pro-longevity phenotype. This idea is known as resource reallocation. However, growing findings suggest this paradigm could be incomplete. It has been argued that during DR it is not always possible to identify a trade-off between reproduction and lifespan. It is also suggested the relationship between reproduction and somatic maintenance can be uncoupled by the removal or inclusion of specific nutrients. These findings have created an imperative to re-explore the nexus between DR and evolutionary theory. In this review I will address this evolutionary conundrum. My overarching objectives are fourfold: (1) to outline some of the evidence for and against resource reallocation; (2) to examine recent findings which have necessitated a theoretical re-evaluation of the link between life history theory and DR; (3) to present alternatives to the resource reallocation model; (4) to present emerging variables which potentially influence how DR effects evolutionary trade-offs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark T Mc Auley
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Thornton Science Park, University of Chester, Parkgate Road, Chester CH1 4BJ, UK.
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47
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Effects of lifespan-extending interventions on cognitive healthspan. Expert Rev Mol Med 2022; 25:e2. [PMID: 36377361 DOI: 10.1017/erm.2022.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ageing is known to be the primary risk factor for most neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease. They are currently incurable and worsen over time, which has broad implications in the context of lifespan and healthspan extension. Adding years to life and even to physical health is suboptimal or even insufficient, if cognitive ageing is not adequately improved. In this review, we will examine how interventions that have the potential to extend lifespan in animals affect the brain, and if they would be able to thwart or delay the development of cognitive dysfunction and/or neurodegeneration. These interventions range from lifestyle (caloric restriction, physical exercise and environmental enrichment) through pharmacological (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide precursors, resveratrol, rapamycin, metformin, spermidine and senolytics) to epigenetic reprogramming. We argue that while many of these interventions have clear potential to improve cognitive health and resilience, large-scale and long-term randomised controlled trials are needed, along with studies utilising washout periods to determine the effects of supplementation cessation, particularly in aged individuals.
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48
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Wang Y, Guo K, Wang Q, Zhong G, Zhang W, Jiang Y, Mao X, Li X, Huang Z. Caenorhabditis elegans as an emerging model in food and nutrition research: importance of standardizing base diet. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:3167-3185. [PMID: 36200941 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2130875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
As a model organism that has helped revolutionize life sciences, Caenorhabditis elegans has been increasingly used in nutrition research. Here we explore the tradeoffs between pros and cons of its use as a dietary model based primarily on literature review from the past decade. We first provide an overview of its experimental strengths as an animal model, focusing on lifespan and healthspan, behavioral and physiological phenotypes, and conservation of key nutritional pathways. We then summarize recent advances of its use in nutritional studies, e.g. food preference and feeding behavior, sugar status and metabolic reprogramming, lifetime and transgenerational nutrition tracking, and diet-microbiota-host interactions, highlighting cutting-edge technologies originated from or developed in C. elegans. We further review current challenges of using C. elegans as a nutritional model, followed by in-depth discussions on potential solutions. In particular, growth scales and throughputs, food uptake mode, and axenic culture of C. elegans are appraised in the context of food research. We also provide perspectives for future development of chemically defined nematode food ("NemaFood") for C. elegans, which is now widely accepted as a versatile and affordable in vivo model and has begun to show transformative potential to pioneer nutrition science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Wang
- Institute for Food Nutrition and Human Health, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biocosmetics, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaixin Guo
- Institute for Food Nutrition and Human Health, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiangqiang Wang
- Institute for Food Nutrition and Human Health, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biocosmetics, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guohuan Zhong
- Institute for Food Nutrition and Human Health, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Bioresources and Drug Discovery, School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Center for Bioresources and Drug Discovery, School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiyi Jiang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biocosmetics, Guangzhou, China
- Perfect Life & Health Institute, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinliang Mao
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biocosmetics, Guangzhou, China
- Perfect Life & Health Institute, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaomin Li
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biocosmetics, Guangzhou, China
- Perfect Life & Health Institute, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Zebo Huang
- Institute for Food Nutrition and Human Health, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biocosmetics, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Bioresources and Drug Discovery, School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
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49
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Deriš H, Tominac P, Vučković F, Briški N, Astrup A, Blaak EE, Lauc G, Gudelj I. Effects of low-calorie and different weight-maintenance diets on IgG glycome composition. Front Immunol 2022; 13:995186. [PMID: 36211377 PMCID: PMC9535357 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.995186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity-induced inflammation activates the adaptive immune system by altering immunoglobulin G (IgG) glycosylation in a way to produce more proinflammatory antibodies. The IgG glycome has already been well studied, and its alterations are correlated with a high body mass index (BMI) and central adiposity. Still, the IgG N-glycome susceptibility to different dietary regimes for weight control after the initial weight loss has not been studied. To explore changes in IgG glycosylation induced by weight loss and subsequent weight-maintenance diets, we analyzed 1,850 IgG glycomes from subjects in a dietary intervention Diogenes study. In this study, participants followed a low-calorie diet (LCD) providing 800 kcal/d for 8 weeks, followed by one of five weight-maintenance diets over a 6-month period. The most significant alteration of the IgG N-glycome was present 8 weeks after the subjects underwent an LCD, a statistically significant decrease of agalactosylated and the increase of sialylated N glycans. In the follow-up period, the increase in glycans with bisecting GlcNAc and the decrease in sialylated glycans were observed. Those changes were present regardless of the diet type, and we did not observe significant changes between different diets. However, it should be noted that in all five diet groups, there were individuals who prominently altered their IgG glycome composition in either proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Deriš
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Petra Tominac
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Nina Briški
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Arne Astrup
- Centre for Healthy Weigh, The Novo Nordisk Foundation, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Ellen E. Blaak
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Gordan Lauc
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- *Correspondence: Gordan Lauc, ; Ivan Gudelj,
| | - Ivan Gudelj
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
- *Correspondence: Gordan Lauc, ; Ivan Gudelj,
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50
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Mafra D, Ugochukwu SA, Borges NA, Cardozo LFMF, Stenvinkel P, Shiels PG. Food for healthier aging: power on your plate. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:603-616. [PMID: 35959705 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2107611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Inflammageing is a persistent low-level inflammatory burden that accompanies age-related dysregulation of the immune system during normative aging and within the diseasome of aging. A healthy diet containing a balanced amount of macronutrients, vitamins and minerals, adequate in calories and rich in poly(phenols), has an essential role in mitigating the effects of inflammageing and extending healthspan through modulation of the activity of a range of factors. These include transcription factors, such as nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-kB), the inflammasome and the activities of the gut microbiota. The aim of this narrative review is to discuss the potential of food to ameliorate the effects of the diseasome of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Mafra
- Post-Graduation Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - Physiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Natalia A Borges
- Institute of Nutrition, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Post-Graduation Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
| | - Ludmila F M F Cardozo
- Post-Graduation Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
- Post-Graduation Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
| | - Peter Stenvinkel
- Division of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Science, Technology and Intervention, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paul G Shiels
- Wolfson Wohl Translational Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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