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Amo L, Kole HK, Scott B, Borrego F, Qi CF, Wang H, Bolland S. Purification and analysis of kidney-infiltrating leukocytes in a mouse model of lupus nephritis. Methods Cell Biol 2024; 188:131-152. [PMID: 38880521 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2024.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Renal injury often occurs as a complication in autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). It is estimated that a minimum of 20% SLE patients develop lupus nephritis, a condition that can be fatal when the pathology progresses to end-stage renal disease. Studies in animal models showed that incidence of immune cell infiltrates in the kidney was linked to pathological injury and correlated with severe lupus nephritis. Thus, preventing immune cell infiltration into the kidney is a potential approach to impede the progression to an end-stage disease. A requirement to investigate the role of kidney-infiltrating leukocytes is the development of reproducible and efficient protocols for purification and characterization of immune cells in kidney samples. This chapter describes a detailed methodology that discriminates tissue-resident leukocytes from blood-circulating cells that are found in kidney. Our protocol was designed to maximize cell viability and to reduce variability among samples, with a combination of intravascular staining and magnetic bead separation for leukocyte enrichment. Experiments included as example were performed with FcγRIIb[KO] mice, a well-characterized murine model of SLE. We identified T cells and macrophages as the primary leukocyte subsets infiltrating into the kidney during severe nephritis, and we extensively characterized them phenotypically by flow cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Amo
- Immunopathology Group, Biobizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Hemanta K Kole
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Bethany Scott
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Francisco Borrego
- Immunopathology Group, Biobizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Chen-Feng Qi
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Hongsheng Wang
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Silvia Bolland
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Rockville, MD, United States
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2
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Goswami D, Patel H, Betz W, Armstrong J, Camargo N, Patil A, Chakravarty S, Murphy SC, Sim BKL, Vaughan AM, Hoffman SL, Kappe SH. A replication competent Plasmodium falciparum parasite completely attenuated by dual gene deletion. EMBO Mol Med 2024; 16:723-754. [PMID: 38514791 PMCID: PMC11018819 DOI: 10.1038/s44321-024-00057-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Vaccination with infectious Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) sporozoites (SPZ) administered with antimalarial drugs (PfSPZ-CVac), confers superior sterilizing protection against infection when compared to vaccination with replication-deficient, radiation-attenuated PfSPZ. However, the requirement for drug administration constitutes a major limitation for PfSPZ-CVac. To obviate this limitation, we generated late liver stage-arresting replication competent (LARC) parasites by deletion of the Mei2 and LINUP genes (mei2-/linup- or LARC2). We show that Plasmodium yoelii (Py) LARC2 sporozoites did not cause breakthrough blood stage infections and engendered durable sterilizing immunity against various infectious sporozoite challenges in diverse strains of mice. We next genetically engineered a PfLARC2 parasite strain that was devoid of extraneous DNA and produced cryopreserved PfSPZ-LARC2. PfSPZ-LARC2 liver stages replicated robustly in liver-humanized mice but displayed severe defects in late liver stage differentiation and did not form liver stage merozoites. This resulted in complete abrogation of parasite transition to viable blood stage infection. Therefore, PfSPZ-LARC2 is the next-generation vaccine strain expected to unite the safety profile of radiation-attenuated PfSPZ with the superior protective efficacy of PfSPZ-CVac.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debashree Goswami
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, 307 Westlake Avenue North, Suite 500, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Hardik Patel
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, 307 Westlake Avenue North, Suite 500, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - William Betz
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, 307 Westlake Avenue North, Suite 500, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Janna Armstrong
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, 307 Westlake Avenue North, Suite 500, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Nelly Camargo
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, 307 Westlake Avenue North, Suite 500, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Asha Patil
- Sanaria Inc., 9800 Medical Center Dr., Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | | | - Sean C Murphy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - B Kim Lee Sim
- Sanaria Inc., 9800 Medical Center Dr., Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Ashley M Vaughan
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, 307 Westlake Avenue North, Suite 500, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Stefan Hi Kappe
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, 307 Westlake Avenue North, Suite 500, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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3
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English K, Kwan R, Holz LE, McGuffog C, Krol JMM, Kempe D, Kaisho T, Heath WR, Lisowski L, Biro M, McCaughan GW, Bowen DG, Bertolino P. A hepatic network of dendritic cells mediates CD4 T cell help outside lymphoid organs. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1261. [PMID: 38341416 PMCID: PMC10858872 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45612-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
While CD4+ T cells are a prerequisite for CD8+ T cell-mediated protection against intracellular hepatotropic pathogens, the mechanisms facilitating the transfer of CD4-help to intrahepatic CD8+ T cells are unknown. Here, we developed an experimental system to investigate cognate CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses to a model-antigen expressed de novo in hepatocytes and reveal that after initial priming, effector CD4+ and CD8+ T cells migrate into portal tracts and peri-central vein regions of the liver where they cluster with type-1 conventional dendritic cells. These dendritic cells are locally licensed by CD4+ T cells and expand the number of CD8+ T cells in situ, resulting in larger effector and memory CD8+ T cell pools. These findings reveal that CD4+ T cells promote intrahepatic immunity by amplifying the CD8+ T cell response via peripheral licensing of hepatic type-1 conventional dendritic cells and identify intrahepatic perivascular compartments specialized in facilitating effector T cell-dendritic cell interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieran English
- Centenary Institute and The University of Sydney, AW Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rain Kwan
- Centenary Institute and The University of Sydney, AW Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lauren E Holz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Claire McGuffog
- Centenary Institute and The University of Sydney, AW Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jelte M M Krol
- Centenary Institute and The University of Sydney, AW Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Daryan Kempe
- EMBL Australia, Single Molecule Science node, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tsuneyasu Kaisho
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Advanced Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - William R Heath
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Leszek Lisowski
- Children's Medical Research Institute, Translational Vectorology Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maté Biro
- EMBL Australia, Single Molecule Science node, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Geoffrey W McCaughan
- Centenary Institute and The University of Sydney, AW Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David G Bowen
- Centenary Institute and The University of Sydney, AW Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Patrick Bertolino
- Centenary Institute and The University of Sydney, AW Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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4
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Zhu C, Jiao S, Xu W. CD8 + Trms against malaria liver-stage: prospects and challenges. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1344941. [PMID: 38318178 PMCID: PMC10839007 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1344941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Attenuated sporozoites provide a valuable model for exploring protective immunity against the malarial liver stage, guiding the design of highly efficient vaccines to prevent malaria infection. Liver tissue-resident CD8+ T cells (CD8+ Trm cells) are considered the host front-line defense against malaria and are crucial to developing prime-trap/target strategies for pre-erythrocytic stage vaccine immunization. However, the spatiotemporal regulatory mechanism of the generation of liver CD8+ Trm cells and their responses to sporozoite challenge, as well as the protective antigens they recognize remain largely unknown. Here, we discuss the knowledge gap regarding liver CD8+ Trm cell formation and the potential strategies to identify predominant protective antigens expressed in the exoerythrocytic stage, which is essential for high-efficacy malaria subunit pre-erythrocytic vaccine designation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyu Zhu
- The School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Shiming Jiao
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Wenyue Xu
- The School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
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5
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Seyedsadr M, Bang M, McCarthy E, Zhang S, Chen HC, Mohebbi M, Hugo W, Whitmire JK, Lechner MG, Su MA. A pathologically expanded, clonal lineage of IL-21 producing CD4+ T cells drives Inflammatory neuropathy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.07.574553. [PMID: 38260637 PMCID: PMC10802410 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.07.574553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Inflammatory neuropathies, which include CIDP (chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy) and GBS (Guillain Barre Syndrome), result from autoimmune destruction of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and are characterized by progressive weakness and sensory loss. CD4+ T cells play a key role in the autoimmune destruction of the PNS. Yet, key properties of pathogenic CD4+ T cells remain incompletely understood. Here, we use paired scRNAseq and scTCRseq of peripheral nerves from an inflammatory neuropathy mouse model to identify IL-21 expressing CD4+ T cells that are clonally expanded and multifunctional. These IL-21-expressing CD4+ T cells are comprised of two transcriptionally distinct expanded populations, which express genes associated with Tfh and Tph subsets. Remarkably, TCR clonotypes are shared between these two IL-21-expressing populations, suggesting a common lineage differentiation pathway. Finally, we demonstrate that IL-21 signaling is required for neuropathy development and pathogenic T cell infiltration into peripheral nerves. IL-21 signaling upregulates CXCR6, a chemokine receptor that promotes CD4+ T cell localization in peripheral nerves. Together, these findings point to IL-21 signaling, Tfh/Tph differentiation, and CXCR6-mediated cellular localization as potential therapeutic targets in inflammatory neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryamsadat Seyedsadr
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine; Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Madison Bang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine; Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Ethan McCarthy
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine; Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Shirley Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine; Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Ho-Chung Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine; Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Mahnia Mohebbi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine; Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Willy Hugo
- Department of Medicine, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine; Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | | | - Melissa G. Lechner
- Department of Medicine, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine; Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Maureen A. Su
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine; Los Angeles, CA 90095
- Department of Pediatrics, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine; Los Angeles, CA 90095
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6
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Torres DJ, Mrass P, Byrum J, Gonzales A, Martinez DN, Juarez E, Thompson E, Vezys V, Moses ME, Cannon JL. Quantitative analyses of T cell motion in tissue reveals factors driving T cell search in tissues. eLife 2023; 12:e84916. [PMID: 37870221 PMCID: PMC10672806 DOI: 10.7554/elife.84916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
T cells are required to clear infection, and T cell motion plays a role in how quickly a T cell finds its target, from initial naive T cell activation by a dendritic cell to interaction with target cells in infected tissue. To better understand how different tissue environments affect T cell motility, we compared multiple features of T cell motion including speed, persistence, turning angle, directionality, and confinement of T cells moving in multiple murine tissues using microscopy. We quantitatively analyzed naive T cell motility within the lymph node and compared motility parameters with activated CD8 T cells moving within the villi of small intestine and lung under different activation conditions. Our motility analysis found that while the speeds and the overall displacement of T cells vary within all tissues analyzed, T cells in all tissues tended to persist at the same speed. Interestingly, we found that T cells in the lung show a marked population of T cells turning at close to 180o, while T cells in lymph nodes and villi do not exhibit this "reversing" movement. T cells in the lung also showed significantly decreased meandering ratios and increased confinement compared to T cells in lymph nodes and villi. These differences in motility patterns led to a decrease in the total volume scanned by T cells in lung compared to T cells in lymph node and villi. These results suggest that the tissue environment in which T cells move can impact the type of motility and ultimately, the efficiency of T cell search for target cells within specialized tissues such as the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paulus Mrass
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of MedicineAlbuquerqueUnited States
| | - Janie Byrum
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of MedicineAlbuquerqueUnited States
| | | | | | | | - Emily Thompson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical SchoolMinneapolisUnited States
| | - Vaiva Vezys
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical SchoolMinneapolisUnited States
| | - Melanie E Moses
- Department of Computer Science, University of New MexicoAlbuquerqueUnited States
| | - Judy L Cannon
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of MedicineAlbuquerqueUnited States
- Autophagy, Inflammation, and Metabolism Center of Biomedical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico School of MedicineAlbuquerqueUnited States
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7
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Dravid P, Murthy S, Attia Z, Cassady C, Chandra R, Trivedi S, Vyas A, Gridley J, Holland B, Kumari A, Grakoui A, Cullen JM, Walker CM, Sharma H, Kapoor A. Phenotype and fate of liver-resident CD8 T cells during acute and chronic hepacivirus infection. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011697. [PMID: 37812637 PMCID: PMC10602381 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune correlates of hepatitis C virus (HCV) clearance and control remain poorly defined due to the lack of an informative animal model. We recently described acute and chronic rodent HCV-like virus (RHV) infections in lab mice. Here, we developed MHC class I and class II tetramers to characterize the serial changes in RHV-specific CD8 and CD4 T cells during acute and chronic infection in C57BL/6J mice. RHV infection induced rapid expansion of T cells targeting viral structural and nonstructural proteins. After virus clearance, the virus-specific T cells transitioned from effectors to long-lived liver-resident memory T cells (TRM). The effector and memory CD8 and CD4 T cells primarily produced Th1 cytokines, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2, upon ex vivo antigen stimulation, and their phenotype and transcriptome differed significantly between the liver and spleen. Rapid clearance of RHV reinfection coincided with the proliferation of virus-specific CD8 TRM cells in the liver. Chronic RHV infection was associated with the exhaustion of CD8 T cells (Tex) and the development of severe liver diseases. Interestingly, the virus-specific CD8 Tex cells continued proliferation in the liver despite the persistent high-titer viremia and retained partial antiviral functions, as evident from their ability to degranulate and produce IFN-γ upon ex vivo antigen stimulation. Thus, RHV infection in mice provides a unique model to study the function and fate of liver-resident T cells during acute and chronic hepatotropic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Dravid
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Satyapramod Murthy
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Zayed Attia
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Cole Cassady
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Rahul Chandra
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Sheetal Trivedi
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Ashish Vyas
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - John Gridley
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Brantley Holland
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Anuradha Kumari
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Arash Grakoui
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - John M. Cullen
- North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Christopher M. Walker
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Himanshu Sharma
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Amit Kapoor
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
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8
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Paskeviciute E, Chen M, Xu H, Honoré B, Vorum H, Sørensen TL, Christensen JP, Thomsen AR, Nissen MH, Steffensen MA. Systemic virus infection results in CD8 T cell recruitment to the retina in the absence of local virus infection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1221511. [PMID: 37662932 PMCID: PMC10471971 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1221511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
During recent years, evidence has emerged that immune privileged sites such as the CNS and the retina may be more integrated in the systemic response to infection than was previously believed. In line with this, it was recently shown that a systemic acute virus infection leads to infiltration of CD8 T cells in the brains of immunocompetent mice. In this study, we extend these findings to the neurological tissue of the eye, namely the retina. We show that an acute systemic virus infection in mice leads to a transient CD8 T cell infiltration in the retina that is not directed by virus infection inside the retina. CD8 T cells were found throughout the retinal tissue, and had a high expression of CXCR6 and CXCR3, as also reported for tissue residing CD8 T cells in the lung and liver. We also show that the pigment epithelium lining the retina expresses CXCL16 (the ligand for CXCR6) similar to epithelial cells of the lung. Thus, our results suggest that the retina undergoes immune surveillance during a systemic infection, and that this surveillance appears to be directed by mechanisms similar to those described for non-privileged tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egle Paskeviciute
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mei Chen
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Biomedical Science, Queens University of Belfast, Belfast, Ireland
| | - Heping Xu
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Biomedical Science, Queens University of Belfast, Belfast, Ireland
| | - Bent Honoré
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Henrik Vorum
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Ophthalmology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Torben Lykke Sørensen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Allan Randrup Thomsen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mogens Holst Nissen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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9
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Terrabuio E, Zenaro E, Constantin G. The role of the CD8+ T cell compartment in ageing and neurodegenerative disorders. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1233870. [PMID: 37575227 PMCID: PMC10416633 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1233870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
CD8+ lymphocytes are adaptive immunity cells with the particular function to directly kill the target cell following antigen recognition in the context of MHC class I. In addition, CD8+ T cells may release pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and a plethora of other cytokines and chemoattractants modulating immune and inflammatory responses. A role for CD8+ T cells has been suggested in aging and several diseases of the central nervous system (CNS), including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, limbic encephalitis-induced temporal lobe epilepsy and Susac syndrome. Here we discuss the phenotypic and functional alterations of CD8+ T cell compartment during these conditions, highlighting similarities and differences between CNS disorders. Particularly, we describe the pathological changes in CD8+ T cell memory phenotypes emphasizing the role of senescence and exhaustion in promoting neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. We also discuss the relevance of trafficking molecules such as selectins, mucins and integrins controlling the extravasation of CD8+ T cells into the CNS and promoting disease development. Finally, we discuss how CD8+ T cells may induce CNS tissue damage leading to neurodegeneration and suggest that targeting detrimental CD8+ T cells functions may have therapeutic effect in CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Terrabuio
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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10
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Damei I, Trickovic T, Mami-Chouaib F, Corgnac S. Tumor-resident memory T cells as a biomarker of the response to cancer immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1205984. [PMID: 37545498 PMCID: PMC10399960 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1205984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) often include a substantial subset of CD8+ tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells enriched in tumor-specific T cells. These TRM cells play a major role in antitumor immune response. They are identified on the basis of their expression of the CD103 (αE(CD103)β7) and/or CD49a (α1(CD49a)β1) integrins, and the C-type lectin CD69, which are involved in tissue residency. TRM cells express several T-cell inhibitory receptors on their surface but they nevertheless react strongly to malignant cells, exerting a strong cytotoxic function, particularly in the context of blocking interactions of PD-1 with PD-L1 on target cells. These TRM cells form stable conjugates with autologous tumor cells and interact with dendritic cells and other T cells within the tumor microenvironment to orchestrate an optimal in situ T-cell response. There is growing evidence to indicate that TGF-β is essential for the formation and maintenance of TRM cells in the tumor, through the induction of CD103 expression on activated CD8+ T cells, and for the regulation of TRM effector functions through bidirectional integrin signaling. CD8+ TRM cells were initially described as a prognostic marker for survival in patients with various types of cancer, including ovarian, lung and breast cancers and melanoma. More recently, these tumor-resident CD8+ T cells have been shown to be a potent predictive biomarker of the response of cancer patients to immunotherapies, including therapeutic cancer vaccines and immune checkpoint blockade. In this review, we will highlight the major characteristics of tumor TRM cell populations and the possibilities for their exploitation in the design of more effective immunotherapy strategies for cancer.
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11
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Markwalter CF, Petersen JEV, Zeno EE, Sumner KM, Freedman E, Mangeni JN, Abel L, Obala AA, Prudhomme-O’Meara W, Taylor SM. Symptomatic malaria enhances protection from reinfection with homologous Plasmodium falciparum parasites. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011442. [PMID: 37307293 PMCID: PMC10289385 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
A signature remains elusive of naturally-acquired immunity against Plasmodium falciparum. We identified P. falciparum in a 14-month cohort of 239 people in Kenya, genotyped at immunogenic parasite targets expressed in the pre-erythrocytic (circumsporozoite protein, CSP) and blood (apical membrane antigen 1, AMA-1) stages, and classified into epitope type based on variants in the DV10, Th2R, and Th3R epitopes in CSP and the c1L region of AMA-1. Compared to asymptomatic index infections, symptomatic malaria was associated with reduced reinfection by parasites bearing homologous CSP-Th2R (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]:0.63; 95% CI:0.45-0.89; p = 0.008) CSP-Th3R (aHR:0.71; 95% CI:0.52-0.97; p = 0.033), and AMA-1 c1L (aHR:0.63; 95% CI:0.43-0.94; p = 0.022) epitope types. The association of symptomatic malaria with reduced hazard of homologous reinfection was strongest for rare epitope types. Symptomatic malaria provides more durable protection against reinfection with parasites bearing homologous epitope types. The phenotype represents a legible molecular epidemiologic signature of naturally-acquired immunity by which to identify new antigen targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine F. Markwalter
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jens E. V. Petersen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Erica E. Zeno
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kelsey M. Sumner
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Freedman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Judith N. Mangeni
- School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Lucy Abel
- Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare, Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Andrew A. Obala
- School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Wendy Prudhomme-O’Meara
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Steve M. Taylor
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
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12
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Zhao Q, Hu J, Kong L, Jiang S, Tian X, Wang J, Hashizume R, Jia Z, Fowlkes NW, Yan J, Xia X, Yi SF, Dao LH, Masopust D, Heimberger AB, Li S. FGL2-targeting T cells exhibit antitumor effects on glioblastoma and recruit tumor-specific brain-resident memory T cells. Nat Commun 2023; 14:735. [PMID: 36759517 PMCID: PMC9911733 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36430-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Although tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells specific for previously encountered pathogens have been characterized, the induction and recruitment of brain TRM cells following immune therapy has not been observed in the context of glioblastoma. Here, we show that T cells expressing fibrinogen-like 2 (FGL2)-specific single-chain variable fragments (T-αFGL2) can induce tumor-specific CD8+ TRM cells that prevent glioblastoma recurrence. These CD8+ TRM cells display a highly expanded T cell receptor repertoire distinct from that found in peripheral tissue. When adoptively transferred to the brains of either immunocompetent or T cell-deficient naïve mice, these CD8+ TRM cells reject glioma cells. Mechanistically, T-αFGL2 cell treatment increased the number of CD69+CD8+ brain-resident memory T cells in tumor-bearing mice via a CXCL9/10 and CXCR3 chemokine axis. These findings suggest that tumor-specific brain-resident CD8+ TRM cells may have promising implications for the prevention of brain tumor recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingnan Zhao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200020, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201620, China
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jiemiao Hu
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Lingyuan Kong
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Shan Jiang
- Uaub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 77030, USA
| | - Xiangjun Tian
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Rintaro Hashizume
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Zhiliang Jia
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Natalie Wall Fowlkes
- Department of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jun Yan
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xueqing Xia
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Sofia F Yi
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Long Hoang Dao
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - David Masopust
- Department of Microbiology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Amy B Heimberger
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Shulin Li
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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13
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Pritchard GH, Phan AT, Christian DA, Blain TJ, Fang Q, Johnson J, Roy NH, Shallberg L, Kedl RM, Hunter CA. Early T-bet promotes LFA1 upregulation required for CD8+ effector and memory T cell development. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20191287. [PMID: 36445307 PMCID: PMC9712775 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20191287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The T-box transcription factor T-bet is regarded as a "master regulator" of CD4+ Th1 differentiation and IFN-γ production. However, in multiple models of infection, T-bet appears less critical for CD8+ T cell expansion and effector function. Here, we show that following vaccination with a replication-deficient strain of Toxoplasma gondii, CD8+ T cell expression of T-bet is required for optimal expansion of parasite-specific effector CD8+ T cells. Analysis of the early events associated with T cell activation reveals that the α chain of LFA1, CD11a, is a target of T-bet, and T-bet is necessary for CD8+ T cell upregulation of this integrin, which influences the initial priming of CD8+ effector T cells. We propose that the early expression of T-bet represents a T cell-intrinsic factor that optimizes T-DC interactions necessary to generate effector responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gretchen Harms Pritchard
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Anthony T. Phan
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - David A. Christian
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Trevor J. Blain
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO
| | - Qun Fang
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - John Johnson
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Nathan H. Roy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute and Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Lindsey Shallberg
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Ross M. Kedl
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO
| | - Christopher A. Hunter
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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14
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Pallett LJ, Swadling L, Diniz M, Maini AA, Schwabenland M, Gasull AD, Davies J, Kucykowicz S, Skelton JK, Thomas N, Schmidt NM, Amin OE, Gill US, Stegmann KA, Burton AR, Stephenson E, Reynolds G, Whelan M, Sanchez J, de Maeyer R, Thakker C, Suveizdyte K, Uddin I, Ortega-Prieto AM, Grant C, Froghi F, Fusai G, Lens S, Pérez-Del-Pulgar S, Al-Akkad W, Mazza G, Noursadeghi M, Akbar A, Kennedy PTF, Davidson BR, Prinz M, Chain BM, Haniffa M, Gilroy DW, Dorner M, Bengsch B, Schurich A, Maini MK. Tissue CD14 +CD8 + T cells reprogrammed by myeloid cells and modulated by LPS. Nature 2023; 614:334-342. [PMID: 36697826 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05645-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The liver is bathed in bacterial products, including lipopolysaccharide transported from the intestinal portal vasculature, but maintains a state of tolerance that is exploited by persistent pathogens and tumours1-4. The cellular basis mediating this tolerance, yet allowing a switch to immunity or immunopathology, needs to be better understood for successful immunotherapy of liver diseases. Here we show that a variable proportion of CD8+ T cells compartmentalized in the human liver co-stain for CD14 and other prototypic myeloid membrane proteins and are enriched in close proximity to CD14high myeloid cells in hepatic zone 2. CD14+CD8+ T cells preferentially accumulate within the donor pool in liver allografts, among hepatic virus-specific and tumour-infiltrating responses, and in cirrhotic ascites. CD14+CD8+ T cells exhibit increased turnover, activation and constitutive immunomodulatory features with high homeostatic IL-10 and IL-2 production ex vivo, and enhanced antiviral/anti-tumour effector function after TCR engagement. This CD14+CD8+ T cell profile can be recapitulated by the acquisition of membrane proteins-including the lipopolysaccharide receptor complex-from mononuclear phagocytes, resulting in augmented tumour killing by TCR-redirected T cells in vitro. CD14+CD8+ T cells express integrins and chemokine receptors that favour interactions with the local stroma, which can promote their induction through CXCL12. Lipopolysaccharide can also increase the frequency of CD14+CD8+ T cells in vitro and in vivo, and skew their function towards the production of chemotactic and regenerative cytokines. Thus, bacterial products in the gut-liver axis and tissue stromal factors can tune liver immunity by driving myeloid instruction of CD8+ T cells with immunomodulatory ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Pallett
- Division of Infection & Immunity, Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Leo Swadling
- Division of Infection & Immunity, Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mariana Diniz
- Division of Infection & Immunity, Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, University College London, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Jessica Davies
- Division of Infection & Immunity, Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, University College London, London, UK
| | - Stephanie Kucykowicz
- Division of Infection & Immunity, Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Niclas Thomas
- Division of Infection & Immunity, Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, University College London, London, UK
| | - Nathalie M Schmidt
- Division of Infection & Immunity, Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, University College London, London, UK
| | - Oliver E Amin
- Division of Infection & Immunity, Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, University College London, London, UK
| | - Upkar S Gill
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Kerstin A Stegmann
- Division of Infection & Immunity, Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, University College London, London, UK
| | - Alice R Burton
- Division of Infection & Immunity, Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, University College London, London, UK
| | - Emily Stephenson
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Gary Reynolds
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Matt Whelan
- Division of Infection & Immunity, Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jenifer Sanchez
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Roel de Maeyer
- Division of Infection & Immunity, Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, University College London, London, UK
| | - Clare Thakker
- Division of Infection & Immunity, Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kornelija Suveizdyte
- Division of Infection & Immunity, Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, University College London, London, UK
| | - Imran Uddin
- Division of Infection & Immunity, Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, University College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Farid Froghi
- Division of Surgery, University College London, London, UK
| | - Giuseppe Fusai
- Division of Surgery, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sabela Lens
- Division of Infection & Immunity, Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, University College London, London, UK
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS and CIBEREHD, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sofia Pérez-Del-Pulgar
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS and CIBEREHD, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Walid Al-Akkad
- Institute for Liver & Digestive Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Giuseppe Mazza
- Institute for Liver & Digestive Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mahdad Noursadeghi
- Division of Infection & Immunity, Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, University College London, London, UK
| | - Arne Akbar
- Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Patrick T F Kennedy
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Marco Prinz
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Basics in NeuroModulation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin M Chain
- Division of Infection & Immunity, Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Muzlifah Haniffa
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Derek W Gilroy
- Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Marcus Dorner
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Bertram Bengsch
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinic for Internal Medicine II, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, and Infectious Disease, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anna Schurich
- Division of Infection & Immunity, Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, University College London, London, UK
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Mala K Maini
- Division of Infection & Immunity, Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, University College London, London, UK.
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15
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Ganusov VV, Zenkov VS, Majumder B. Correlation between speed and turning naturally arises for sparsely sampled cell movements. Phys Biol 2023; 20:10.1088/1478-3975/acb18c. [PMID: 36623315 PMCID: PMC9918869 DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/acb18c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Mechanisms regulating cell movement are not fully understood. One feature of cell movement that determines how far cells displace from an initial position is persistence, the ability to perform movements in a direction similar to the previous movement direction. Persistence is thus determined by turning angles (TA) between two sequential displacements and can be characterized by an average TA or persistence time. Recent studies documenting T cell movement in zebrafish found that a cell's average speed and average TA are negatively correlated, suggesting a fundamental cell-intrinsic program whereby cells with a lower TA (and larger persistence time) are intrinsically faster (or faster cells turn less). In this paper we confirm the existence of the correlation between turning and speed for six different datasets on 3D movement of CD8 T cells in murine lymph nodes or liver. Interestingly, the negative correlation between TA and speed was observed in experiments in which liver-localized CD8 T cells rapidly displace due to floating with the blood flow, suggesting that other mechanisms besides cell-intrinsic program may be at play. By simulating correlated random walks using two different frameworks (one based on the von Mises-Fisher (vMF) distribution and another based on the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (OU) process) we show that the negative correlation between speed and turning naturally arises when cell trajectories are sub-sampled, i.e. when the frequency of sampling is lower than frequency at which cells typically make movements. This effect is strongest when the sampling frequency is of the order of magnitude of the inverse of persistence time of cells and when cells vary in persistence time. The effect arises in part due to the sensitivity of estimated cell speeds to the frequency of imaging whereby less frequent imaging results in slower speeds. Interestingly, by using estimated persistence times for cells in two of our datasets and simulating cell movements using the OU process, we could partially reproduce the experimentally observed correlation between TA and speed without a cell-intrinsic program linking the two processes. Our results thus suggest that sub-sampling may contribute to (and perhaps fully explains) the observed correlation between speed and turning at least for some cell trajectory data and emphasize the role of sampling frequency in the inference of critical cellular parameters of cell motility such as speeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaly V. Ganusov
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
- Department of Mathematics, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Viktor S. Zenkov
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Barun Majumder
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
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16
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Markwalter CF, Petersen JEV, Zeno EE, Sumner KM, Freedman E, Mangeni JN, Abel L, Obala AA, Prudhomme-O’Meara W, Taylor SM. Symptomatic malaria enhances protection from reinfection with homologous Plasmodium falciparum parasites. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.01.04.23284198. [PMID: 36711685 PMCID: PMC9882554 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.04.23284198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A signature remains elusive of naturally-acquired immunity against Plasmodium falciparum . We identified P. falciparum in a 14-month cohort of 239 people in Kenya, genotyped at immunogenic parasite targets expressed in the pre-erythrocytic (circumsporozoite protein, CSP) and blood (apical membrane antigen 1, AMA-1) stages, and classified into epitope type based on variants in the DV10, Th2R, and Th3R epitopes in CSP and the c1L region of AMA-1. Compared to asymptomatic index infections, symptomatic malaria was associated with a reduced reinfection by parasites bearing homologous CSP-Th2R (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]:0.63; 95% CI:0.45-0.89; p=0.008) CSP-Th3R (aHR:0.71; 95% CI:0.52-0.97; p=0.033), and AMA-1 c1L (aHR:0.63; 95% CI:0.43-0.94; p=0.022) epitope types. The association of symptomatic malaria with reduced risk of homologous reinfection was strongest for rare epitope types. Symptomatic malaria more effectively promotes functional immune responses. The phenotype represents a legible molecular epidemiologic signature of naturally-acquired immunity by which to identify new antigen targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jens E. V. Petersen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham NC USA
| | - Erica E. Zeno
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham NC USA,Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill NC USA
| | - Kelsey M. Sumner
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham NC USA,Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill NC USA
| | - Elizabeth Freedman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham NC USA
| | - Judith N. Mangeni
- School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Lucy Abel
- Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare, Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Eldoret Kenya
| | - Andrew A. Obala
- School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Moi University, Eldoret Kenya
| | - Wendy Prudhomme-O’Meara
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham NC USA,Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham NC USA,School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Steve M. Taylor
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham NC USA,Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham NC USA,Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill NC USA,Corresponding author: Steve M Taylor ,
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17
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Suryadevara N, Kumar A, Ye X, Rogers M, Williams JV, Wilson JT, Karijolich J, Joyce S. A molecular signature of lung-resident CD8 + T cells elicited by subunit vaccination. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19101. [PMID: 36351985 PMCID: PMC9645351 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21620-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural infection as well as vaccination with live or attenuated viruses elicit tissue resident, CD8+ memory T cell (Trm) response. Trm cells so elicited act quickly upon reencounter with the priming agent to protect the host. These Trm cells express a unique molecular signature driven by the master regulators-Runx3 and Hobit. We previously reported that intranasal instillation of a subunit vaccine in a prime boost vaccination regimen installed quick-acting, CD8+ Trm cells in the lungs that protected against lethal vaccinia virus challenge. It remains unexplored whether CD8+ Trm responses so elicited are driven by a similar molecular signature as those elicited by microbes in a real infection or by live, attenuated pathogens in conventional vaccination. We found that distinct molecular signatures distinguished subunit vaccine-elicited lung interstitial CD8+ Trm cells from subunit vaccine-elicited CD8+ effector memory and splenic memory T cells. Nonetheless, the transcriptome signature of subunit vaccine elicited CD8+ Trm resembled those elicited by virus infection or vaccination. Clues to the basis of tissue residence and function of vaccine specific CD8+ Trm cells were found in transcripts that code for chemokines and chemokine receptors, purinergic receptors, and adhesins when compared to CD8+ effector and splenic memory T cells. Our findings inform the utility of protein-based subunit vaccination for installing CD8+ Trm cells in the lungs to protect against respiratory infectious diseases that plague humankind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveenchandra Suryadevara
- grid.418356.d0000 0004 0478 7015Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare Center, Nashville, TN 37212 USA ,grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 USA
| | - Amrendra Kumar
- grid.418356.d0000 0004 0478 7015Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare Center, Nashville, TN 37212 USA ,grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 USA
| | - Xiang Ye
- grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 USA
| | - Meredith Rogers
- grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 USA ,grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Paediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15224 USA
| | - John V. Williams
- grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 USA ,grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Paediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15224 USA ,Institute for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation in Children (i4Kids), Pittsburgh, PA 15224 USA
| | - John T. Wilson
- grid.152326.10000 0001 2264 7217Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212 USA
| | - John Karijolich
- grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 USA
| | - Sebastian Joyce
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare Center, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA. .,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
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18
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Pallett LJ, Maini MK. Liver-resident memory T cells: life in lockdown. Semin Immunopathol 2022; 44:813-825. [PMID: 35482059 PMCID: PMC9708784 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-022-00932-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A subset of memory T cells has been identified in the liver with a tissue-resident profile and the capacity for long-term 'lockdown'. Here we review how they are retained in, and adapted to, the hepatic microenvironment, including its unique anatomical features and metabolic challenges. We describe potential interactions with other local cell types and the need for a better understanding of this complex bidirectional crosstalk. Pathogen or tumour antigen-specific tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM) can provide rapid frontline immune surveillance; we review the evidence for this in hepatotropic infections of major worldwide importance like hepatitis B and malaria and in liver cancers like hepatocellular carcinoma. Conversely, TRM can be triggered by pro-inflammatory and metabolic signals to mediate bystander tissue damage, with an emerging role in a number of liver pathologies. We discuss the need for liver sampling to gain a window into these compartmentalised T cells, allowing more accurate disease monitoring and future locally targeted immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Pallett
- Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, Division of Infection & Immunity, UCL, Pears Building, Rowland Hill St, London, NW3 2PP, UK.
| | - Mala K Maini
- Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, Division of Infection & Immunity, UCL, Pears Building, Rowland Hill St, London, NW3 2PP, UK.
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19
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Li Y, You Z, Tang R, Ma X. Tissue-resident memory T cells in chronic liver diseases: Phenotype, development and function. Front Immunol 2022; 13:967055. [PMID: 36172356 PMCID: PMC9511135 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.967055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-resident memory (TRM) T cells are a unique subset of memory T cells that are critical for the first line of defense against pathogens or antigens in peripheral non-lymphoid tissues such as liver, gut, and skin. Generally, TRM cells are well adapted to the local environment in a tissue-specific manner and typically do not circulate but persist in tissues, distinguishing them from other memory T cell lineages. There is strong evidence that liver TRM cells provide a robust adaptive immune response to potential threats. Indeed, the potent effector function of hepatic TRM cells makes it essential for chronic liver diseases, including viral and parasite infection, autoimmune liver diseases (AILD), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and liver transplantation. Manipulation of hepatic TRM cells might provide novel promising strategies for precision immunotherapy of chronic liver diseases. Here, we provide insights into the phenotype of hepatic TRM cells through surface markers, transcriptional profiles and effector functions, discuss the development of hepatic TRM cells in terms of cellular origin and factors affecting their development, analyze the role of hepatic TRM cells in chronic liver diseases, as well as share our perspectives on the current status of hepatic TRM cell research.
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20
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The Memory T Cell “Communication Web” in Context with Gastrointestinal Disorders—How Memory T Cells Affect Their Surroundings and How They Are Influenced by It. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182780. [PMID: 36139354 PMCID: PMC9497182 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut-related diseases like ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, or colorectal cancer affect millions of people worldwide. It is an ongoing process finding causes leading to the development and manifestation of those disorders. This is highly relevant since understanding molecular processes and signalling pathways offers new opportunities in finding novel ways to interfere with and apply new pharmaceuticals. Memory T cells (mT cells) and their pro-inflammatory properties have been proven to play an important role in gastrointestinal diseases and are therefore increasingly spotlighted. This review focuses on mT cells and their subsets in the context of disease pathogenesis and maintenance. It illustrates the network of regulatory proteins and metabolites connecting mT cells with other cell types and tissue compartments. Furthermore, the crosstalk with various microbes will be a subject of discussion. Characterizing mT cell interactions will help to further elucidate the sophisticated molecular and cellular networking system in the intestine and may present new ideas for future research approaches to control gut-related diseases.
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21
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Wiggins BG, Pallett LJ, Li X, Davies SP, Amin OE, Gill US, Kucykowicz S, Patel AM, Aliazis K, Liu YS, Reynolds GM, Davidson BR, Gander A, Luong TV, Hirschfield GM, Kennedy PTF, Huang Y, Maini MK, Stamataki Z. The human liver microenvironment shapes the homing and function of CD4 + T-cell populations. Gut 2022; 71:1399-1411. [PMID: 34548339 PMCID: PMC9185819 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-323771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM) are vital immune sentinels that provide protective immunity. While hepatic CD8+ TRM have been well described, little is known about the location, phenotype and function of CD4+ TRM. DESIGN We used multiparametric flow cytometry, histological assessment and novel human tissue coculture systems to interrogate the ex vivo phenotype, function and generation of the intrahepatic CD4+ T-cell compartment. We also used leukocytes isolated from human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-disparate liver allografts to assess long-term retention. RESULTS Hepatic CD4+ T cells were delineated into three distinct populations based on CD69 expression: CD69-, CD69INT and CD69HI. CD69HICD4+ cells were identified as tissue-resident CD4+ T cells on the basis of their exclusion from the circulation, phenotypical profile (CXCR6+CD49a+S1PR1-PD-1+) and long-term persistence within the pool of donor-derived leukcoocytes in HLA-disparate liver allografts. CD69HICD4+ T cells produced robust type 1 polyfunctional cytokine responses on stimulation. Conversely, CD69INTCD4+ T cells represented a more heterogenous population containing cells with a more activated phenotype, a distinct chemokine receptor profile (CX3CR1+CXCR3+CXCR1+) and a bias towards interleukin-4 production. While CD69INTCD4+ T cells could be found in the circulation and lymph nodes, these cells also formed part of the long-term resident pool, persisting in HLA-mismatched allografts. Notably, frequencies of CD69INTCD4+ T cells correlated with necroinflammatory scores in chronic hepatitis B infection. Finally, we demonstrated that interaction with hepatic epithelia was sufficient to generate CD69INTCD4+ T cells, while additional signals from the liver microenvironment were required to generate liver-resident CD69HICD4+ T cells. CONCLUSIONS High and intermediate CD69 expressions mark human hepatic CD4+ TRM and a novel functionally distinct recirculating population, respectively, both shaped by the liver microenvironment to achieve diverse immunosurveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin G Wiggins
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Laura J Pallett
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Scott P Davies
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Oliver E Amin
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Stephanie Kucykowicz
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Arzoo M Patel
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Konstantinos Aliazis
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Yuxin S Liu
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Gary M Reynolds
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Amir Gander
- Tissue Access for Patient Benefit, University College London, London, UK
| | - Tu Vinh Luong
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - Gideon M Hirschfield
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Centre for Liver Research, National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Yuehua Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mala K Maini
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Rayne Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Zania Stamataki
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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22
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Wang Y, Wang J. Intravital Imaging of Inflammatory Response in Liver Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:922041. [PMID: 35837329 PMCID: PMC9274191 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.922041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The healthy liver requires a strictly controlled crosstalk between immune and nonimmune cells to maintain its function and homeostasis. A well-conditioned immune system can effectively recognize and clear noxious stimuli by a self-limited, small-scale inflammatory response. This regulated inflammatory process enables the liver to cope with daily microbial exposure and metabolic stress, which is beneficial for hepatic self-renewal and tissue remodeling. However, the failure to clear noxious stimuli or dysregulation of immune response can lead to uncontrolled liver inflammation, liver dysfunction, and severe liver disease. Numerous highly dynamic circulating immune cells and sessile resident immune and parenchymal cells interact and communicate with each other in an incredibly complex way to regulate the inflammatory response in both healthy and diseased liver. Intravital imaging is a powerful tool to visualize individual cells in vivo and has been widely used for dissecting the behavior and interactions between various cell types in the complex architecture of the liver. Here, we summarize some new findings obtained with the use of intravital imaging, which enhances our understanding of the complexity of immune cell behavior, cell–cell interaction, and spatial organization during the physiological and pathological liver inflammatory response.
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23
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O'Connor JH, McNamara HA, Cai Y, Coupland LA, Gardiner EE, Parish CR, McMorran BJ, Ganusov VV, Cockburn IA. Interactions with Asialo-Glycoprotein Receptors and Platelets Are Dispensable for CD8 + T Cell Localization in the Murine Liver. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:2738-2748. [PMID: 35649630 PMCID: PMC9308657 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2101037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Liver-resident CD8+ T cells can play critical roles in the control of pathogens, including Plasmodium and hepatitis B virus. Paradoxically, it has also been proposed that the liver may act as the main place for the elimination of CD8+ T cells at the resolution of immune responses. We hypothesized that different adhesion processes may drive residence versus elimination of T cells in the liver. Specifically, we investigated whether the expression of asialo-glycoproteins (ASGPs) drives the localization and elimination of effector CD8+ T cells in the liver, while interactions with platelets facilitate liver residence and protective function. Using murine CD8+ T cells activated in vitro, or in vivo by immunization with Plasmodium berghei sporozoites, we found that, unexpectedly, inhibition of ASGP receptors did not inhibit the accumulation of effector cells in the liver, but instead prevented these cells from accumulating in the spleen. In addition, enforced expression of ASGP on effector CD8+ T cells using St3GalI-deficient cells lead to their loss from the spleen. We also found, using different mouse models of thrombocytopenia, that severe reduction in platelet concentration in circulation did not strongly influence the residence and protective function of CD8+ T cells in the liver. These data suggest that platelets play a marginal role in CD8+ T cell function in the liver. Furthermore, ASGP-expressing effector CD8+ T cells accumulate in the spleen, not the liver, prior to their destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- James H O'Connor
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- Australian National University Medical School, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Hayley A McNamara
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Yeping Cai
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Lucy A Coupland
- Division of Genome Science and Cancer, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia; and
| | - Elizabeth E Gardiner
- Division of Genome Science and Cancer, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia; and
| | - Christopher R Parish
- Division of Genome Science and Cancer, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia; and
| | - Brendan J McMorran
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Vitaly V Ganusov
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN
| | - Ian A Cockburn
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia;
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24
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Jiang L, Liu L, Zhang M, Zhang L, Zhu C, He Q, Ye L, Zhao C, Li Z, Xu J, Zhang X. Prompt Antiviral Action of Pulmonary CD8+ T RM Cells Is Mediated by Rapid IFN-γ Induction and Its Downstream ISGs in the Lung. Front Immunol 2022; 13:839455. [PMID: 35296070 PMCID: PMC8920550 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.839455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing lines of evidence supported the importance of CD8+ lung tissue resident memory T (TRM) cells in protection against respiratory viruses, exemplified by influenza A virus. However, the underlying in vivo mechanism remains largely undetermined. Here, we used mouse infection models to dissect in vivo cross-protective activity of lung CD8+ TRM cells. By simultaneously interrogating transcriptional dynamics in lung CD8+ TRM cells and surrounding tissues during the early course of infection, we demonstrated that lung CD8+ TRM cells react to antigen re-exposure within hours, manifested by IFN-γ upregulation, and a tissue-wide interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) program is subsequently elicited. Using antibody-mediated IFN-γ neutralization and IFN-γ receptor knockout mice, we could show that the induction of several important antiviral ISGs required IFN-γ signaling, so did the suppression of key inflammatory cytokines. Interestingly, there were also examples of ISGs unaffected in the absence of IFN-γ activity. Collectively, focusing on in situ characterization of lung CD8+ TRM cells during very early stage of infection, a critical period of host antiviral defense that has been poorly investigated, our studies highlight that these cells, once triggered by antigen re-exposure, are programmed to produce IFN-γ expeditiously to promote a lung-wide antiviral response for effective virus control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lang Jiang
- Institute of Clinical Science & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhongshan Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Miaomiao Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Linxia Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Science & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhongshan Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cuisong Zhu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian He
- Institute of Clinical Science & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhongshan Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lilin Ye
- Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zejun Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academic of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianqing Xu
- Institute of Clinical Science & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhongshan Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Science & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhongshan Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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25
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Abdeljaoued S, Arfa S, Kroemer M, Ben Khelil M, Vienot A, Heyd B, Loyon R, Doussot A, Borg C. Tissue-resident memory T cells in gastrointestinal cancer immunology and immunotherapy: ready for prime time? J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2021-003472. [PMID: 35470231 PMCID: PMC9039405 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells have emerged as immune sentinels that patrol the tissue microenvironment and orchestrate localized antitumor immunity in various solid cancers. Recent studies have revealed that TRM cells are key players in cancer immunosurveillance, and their involvement has been linked to favorable responses to immunotherapy as well as general better clinical outcome in cancer patients. In this review, we provide an overview of the major advances and recent findings regarding TRM cells phenotype, transcriptional and epigenetic regulation in cancer with a special focus on gastrointestinal tumors. Finally, we highlight the exciting clinical implication of TRM cells in these types of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syrine Abdeljaoued
- RIGHT Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Besançon, France .,Clinical Investigational Center, CIC-1431, Besançon, France
| | - Sara Arfa
- RIGHT Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Besançon, France.,Department of Digestive and Oncologic Surgery, Liver Transplantation Unit, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Marie Kroemer
- RIGHT Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Besançon, France.,Clinical Investigational Center, CIC-1431, Besançon, France.,Department of Pharmacy, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Myriam Ben Khelil
- RIGHT Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Besançon, France
| | - Angélique Vienot
- RIGHT Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Besançon, France.,Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Bruno Heyd
- Department of Digestive and Oncologic Surgery, Liver Transplantation Unit, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Romain Loyon
- RIGHT Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Besançon, France
| | - Alexandre Doussot
- Department of Digestive and Oncologic Surgery, Liver Transplantation Unit, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Christophe Borg
- RIGHT Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Besançon, France.,Clinical Investigational Center, CIC-1431, Besançon, France.,Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France
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26
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Parga-Vidal L, van Aalderen MC, Stark R, van Gisbergen KPJM. Tissue-resident memory T cells in the urogenital tract. Nat Rev Nephrol 2022; 18:209-223. [PMID: 35079143 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-021-00525-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Our understanding of T cell memory responses changed drastically with the discovery that specialized T cell memory populations reside within peripheral tissues at key pathogen entry sites. These tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells can respond promptly to an infection without the need for migration, proliferation or differentiation. This rapid and local deployment of effector functions maximizes the ability of TRM cells to eliminate pathogens. TRM cells do not circulate through peripheral tissues but instead form isolated populations in the skin, gut, liver, kidneys, the reproductive tract and other organs. This long-term retention in the periphery might allow TRM cells to fully adapt to the local conditions of their environment and mount customized responses to counter infection and tumour growth in a tissue-specific manner. In the urogenital tract, TRM cells must adapt to a unique microenvironment to confer protection against potential threats, including cancer and infection, while preventing the onset of auto-inflammatory disease. In this Review, we discuss insights into the diversification of TRM cells from other memory T cell lineages, the adaptations of TRM cells to their local environment, and their enhanced capacity to counter infection and tumour growth compared with other memory T cell populations, especially in the urogenital tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loreto Parga-Vidal
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel C van Aalderen
- Department of Experimental Immunology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Regina Stark
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaas P J M van Gisbergen
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Experimental Immunology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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27
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Arias CF, Acosta FJ, Fernandez-Arias C. Killing the competition: a theoretical framework for liver-stage malaria. Open Biol 2022; 12:210341. [PMID: 35350863 PMCID: PMC8965401 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.210341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The first stage of malaria infections takes place inside the host's hepatocytes. Remarkably, Plasmodium parasites do not infect hepatocytes immediately after reaching the liver. Instead, they migrate through several hepatocytes before infecting their definitive host cells, thus increasing their chances of immune destruction. Considering that malaria can proceed normally without cell traversal, this is indeed a puzzling behaviour. In fact, the role of hepatocyte traversal remains unknown to date, implying that the current understanding of malaria is incomplete. In this work, we hypothesize that the parasites traverse hepatocytes to actively trigger an immune response in the host. This behaviour would be part of a strategy of superinfection exclusion aimed to reduce intraspecific competition during the blood stage of the infection. Based on this hypothesis, we formulate a comprehensive theory of liver-stage malaria that integrates all the available knowledge about the infection. The interest of this new paradigm is not merely theoretical. It highlights major issues in the current empirical approach to the study of Plasmodium and suggests new strategies to fight malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemente F. Arias
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain,Grupo Interdisciplinar de Sistemas Complejos de Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Cristina Fernandez-Arias
- Departamento de Inmunología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain,Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
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28
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Dutta K, Friscic J, Hoffmann MH. Targeting the tissue-complosome for curbing inflammatory disease. Semin Immunol 2022; 60:101644. [PMID: 35902311 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2022.101644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Hyperactivated local tissue is a cardinal feature of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases of various organs such as the joints, the gut, the skin, or the lungs. Tissue-resident structural and stromal cells, which get primed during repeated or long-lasting bouts of inflammation form the basis of this sensitization of the tissue. During priming, cells change their metabolism to make them fit for the heightened energy demands that occur during persistent inflammation. Epigenetic changes and, curiously, an activation of intracellularly expressed parts of the complement system drive this metabolic invigoration and enable tissue-resident cells and infiltrating immune cells to employ an arsenal of inflammatory functions, including activation of inflammasomes. Here we provide a current overview on complement activation and inflammatory transformation in tissue-occupying cells, focusing on fibroblasts during arthritis, and illustrate ways how therapeutics directed at complement C3 could potentially target the complosome to unprime cells in the tissue and induce long-lasting abatement of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuheli Dutta
- Department of Dermatology, Allergology, and Venereology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jasna Friscic
- Department of Dermatology, Allergology, and Venereology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Markus H Hoffmann
- Department of Dermatology, Allergology, and Venereology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
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29
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Rajakaruna H, O'Connor JH, Cockburn IA, Ganusov VV. Liver Environment-Imposed Constraints Diversify Movement Strategies of Liver-Localized CD8 T Cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:1292-1304. [PMID: 35131868 PMCID: PMC9250760 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Pathogen-specific CD8 T cells face the problem of finding rare cells that present their cognate Ag either in the lymph node or in infected tissue. Although quantitative details of T cell movement strategies in some tissues such as lymph nodes or skin have been relatively well characterized, we still lack quantitative understanding of T cell movement in many other important tissues, such as the spleen, lung, liver, and gut. We developed a protocol to generate stable numbers of liver-located CD8 T cells, used intravital microscopy to record movement patterns of CD8 T cells in livers of live mice, and analyzed these and previously published data using well-established statistical and computational methods. We show that, in most of our experiments, Plasmodium-specific liver-localized CD8 T cells perform correlated random walks characterized by transiently superdiffusive displacement with persistence times of 10-15 min that exceed those observed for T cells in lymph nodes. Liver-localized CD8 T cells typically crawl on the luminal side of liver sinusoids (i.e., are in the blood); simulating T cell movement in digital structures derived from the liver sinusoids illustrates that liver structure alone is sufficient to explain the relatively long superdiffusive displacement of T cells. In experiments when CD8 T cells in the liver poorly attach to the sinusoids (e.g., 1 wk after immunization with radiation-attenuated Plasmodium sporozoites), T cells also undergo Lévy flights: large displacements occurring due to cells detaching from the endothelium, floating with the blood flow, and reattaching at another location. Our analysis thus provides quantitative details of movement patterns of liver-localized CD8 T cells and illustrates how structural and physiological details of the tissue may impact T cell movement patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James H O'Connor
- Division of Immunology, Inflammation and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia; and
- Australian National University Medical School, Acton, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Ian A Cockburn
- Division of Immunology, Inflammation and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia; and
| | - Vitaly V Ganusov
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN;
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30
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Fumagalli V, Venzin V, Di Lucia P, Moalli F, Ficht X, Ambrosi G, Giustini L, Andreata F, Grillo M, Magini D, Ravà M, Friedrich C, Fontenot JD, Bousso P, Gilmore SA, Khan S, Baca M, Vivier E, Gasteiger G, Kuka M, Guidotti LG, Iannacone M. Group 1 ILCs regulate T cell-mediated liver immunopathology by controlling local IL-2 availability. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabi6112. [PMID: 35213210 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abi6112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Group 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), which comprise both natural killer (NK) cells and ILC1s, are important innate effectors that can also positively and negatively influence adaptive immune responses. The latter function is generally ascribed to the ability of NK cells to recognize and kill activated T cells. Here, we used multiphoton intravital microscopy in mouse models of hepatitis B to study the intrahepatic behavior of group 1 ILCs and their cross-talk with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-specific CD8+ T cells. We found that hepatocellular antigen recognition by effector CD8+ T cells triggered a prominent increase in the number of hepatic NK cells and ILC1s. Group 1 ILCs colocalized and engaged in prolonged interactions with effector CD8+ T cells undergoing hepatocellular antigen recognition; however, they did not induce T cell apoptosis. Rather, group 1 ILCs constrained CD8+ T cell proliferation by controlling local interleukin-2 (IL-2) availability. Accordingly, group 1 ILC depletion, or genetic removal of their IL-2 receptor a chain, considerably increased the number of intrahepatic HBV-specific effector CD8+ T cells and the attendant immunopathology. Together, these results reveal a role for group 1 ILCs in controlling T cell-mediated liver immunopathology by limiting local IL-2 concentration and have implications for the treatment of chronic HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Fumagalli
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Venzin
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Di Lucia
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Moalli
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy.,Experimental Imaging Centre, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Xenia Ficht
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Gioia Ambrosi
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Leonardo Giustini
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Andreata
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Grillo
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Diletta Magini
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Micol Ravà
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Christin Friedrich
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group at the Julius-Maximiliams-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Philippe Bousso
- Dynamics of Immune Responses Unit, Institut Pasteur, INSERM U1223, 75015 Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Eric Vivier
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Marseille 13288, France.,Innate Pharma Research Laboratories, Innate Pharma, Marseille 13276, France.,APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Marseille-Immunopôle, Marseille 13005, France
| | - Georg Gasteiger
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group at the Julius-Maximiliams-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mirela Kuka
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Luca G Guidotti
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Iannacone
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy.,Experimental Imaging Centre, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
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31
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Du Y, Hertoghs N, Duffy FJ, Carnes J, McDermott SM, Neal ML, Schwedhelm KV, McElrath MJ, De Rosa SC, Aitchison JD, Stuart KD. Systems analysis of immune responses to attenuated P. falciparum malaria sporozoite vaccination reveals excessive inflammatory signatures correlating with impaired immunity. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010282. [PMID: 35108339 PMCID: PMC8843222 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunization with radiation-attenuated sporozoites (RAS) can confer sterilizing protection against malaria, although the mechanisms behind this protection are incompletely understood. We performed a systems biology analysis of samples from the Immunization by Mosquito with Radiation Attenuated Sporozoites (IMRAS) trial, which comprised P. falciparum RAS-immunized (PfRAS), malaria-naive participants whose protection from malaria infection was subsequently assessed by controlled human malaria infection (CHMI). Blood samples collected after initial PfRAS immunization were analyzed to compare immune responses between protected and non-protected volunteers leveraging integrative analysis of whole blood RNA-seq, high parameter flow cytometry, and single cell CITEseq of PBMCs. This analysis revealed differences in early innate immune responses indicating divergent paths associated with protection. In particular, elevated levels of inflammatory responses early after the initial immunization were detrimental for the development of protective adaptive immunity. Specifically, non-classical monocytes and early type I interferon responses induced within 1 day of PfRAS vaccination correlated with impaired immunity. Non-protected individuals also showed an increase in Th2 polarized T cell responses whereas we observed a trend towards increased Th1 and T-bet+ CD8 T cell responses in protected individuals. Temporal differences in genes associated with natural killer cells suggest an important role in immune regulation by these cells. These findings give insight into the immune responses that confer protection against malaria and may guide further malaria vaccine development. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01994525. Malaria remains a serious global health problem, causing hundreds of thousands of deaths every year. An effective malaria vaccine would be an important tool to fight this disease. Previous work has shown that irradiated sporozoites, the form of the malaria parasite injected into humans by mosquitos, are not capable of progressing to a symptomatic blood stage malaria infection, and act as a protective vaccine against future malaria exposure. However the mechanisms that produce this protection are unknown. In this work, we studied individuals vaccinated with irradiated sporozoites before being exposed to live malaria parasites. Roughly half of these individual were protected against malaria. By analyzing blood samples taken at multiple points after the first vaccination using RNA sequencing and flow cytometry we identified immune responses that differed between protected and non-protected study participants. Notably, we observed a rapid increase in inflammation and interferon-associated genes in non-protected individual. We also observed protection-associated changes in T cell and NK cell associated pathways. Our study provides novel insights into immune responses associated with effective malaria vaccination, and can point the way to improved design of whole-sporozoite malaria vaccine approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Du
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Nina Hertoghs
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Fergal J. Duffy
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jason Carnes
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Suzanne M. McDermott
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Maxwell L. Neal
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Katharine V. Schwedhelm
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - M. Juliana McElrath
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Stephen C. De Rosa
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - John D. Aitchison
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Kenneth D. Stuart
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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32
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Mei X, Li H, Zhou X, Cheng M, Cui K. The Emerging Role of Tissue-Resident Memory CD8 + T Lymphocytes in Human Digestive Tract Cancers. Front Oncol 2022; 11:819505. [PMID: 35096624 PMCID: PMC8795735 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.819505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant digestive tract tumors are a great threat to human public health. In addition to surgery, immunotherapy brings hope for the treatment of these tumors. Tissue-resident memory CD8+ T (Trm) cells are a focus of tumor immunology research and treatment due to their powerful cytotoxic effects, ability to directly kill epithelial-derived tumor cells, and overall impact on maintaining mucosal homeostasis and antitumor function in the digestive tract. They are a group of noncirculating immune cells expressing adhesion and migration molecules such as CD69, CD103, and CD49a that primarily reside on the barrier epithelium of nonlymphoid organs and respond rapidly to both viral and bacterial infection and tumorigenesis. This review highlights new research exploring the role of CD8+ Trm cells in a variety of digestive tract malignant tumors, including esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma. A summary of CD8+ Trm cell phenotypes and characteristics, tissue distribution, and antitumor functions in different tumor environments is provided, illustrating how these cells may be used in immunotherapies against digestive tract tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Mei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Huan Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated With Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xinpeng Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Hefei, China
| | - Min Cheng
- Department of Geriatrics, Gerontology Institute of Anhui Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunotherapy and Nutrition Therapy, Hefei, China.,Cancer Immunotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Kele Cui
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunotherapy and Nutrition Therapy, Hefei, China.,Cancer Immunotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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33
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Albillos A, Martin-Mateos R, Van der Merwe S, Wiest R, Jalan R, Álvarez-Mon M. Cirrhosis-associated immune dysfunction. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 19:112-134. [PMID: 34703031 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-021-00520-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The term cirrhosis-associated immune dysfunction (CAID) comprises the distinctive spectrum of immune alterations associated with the course of end-stage liver disease. Systemic inflammation and immune deficiency are the key components of CAID. Their severity is highly dynamic and progressive, paralleling cirrhosis stage. CAID involves two different immune phenotypes: the low-grade systemic inflammatory phenotype and the high-grade systemic inflammatory phenotype. The low-grade systemic inflammatory phenotype can be found in patients with compensated disease or clinical decompensation with no organ failure. In this phenotype, there is an exaggerated immune activation but the effector response is not markedly compromised. The high-grade systemic inflammatory phenotype is present in patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure, a clinical situation characterized by decompensation, organ failure and high short-term mortality. Along with high-grade inflammation, this CAID phenotype includes intense immune paralysis that critically increases the risk of infections and worsens prognosis. The intensity of CAID has important consequences on cirrhosis progression and correlates with the severity of liver insufficiency, bacterial translocation and organ failure. Therapies targeting the modulation of the dysfunctional immune response are currently being evaluated in preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustín Albillos
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain. .,Departamento de Medicina y Especialidades Médicas, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rosa Martin-Mateos
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Medicina y Especialidades Médicas, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Schalk Van der Merwe
- Laboratory of Hepatology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Aging (CHROMETA), University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Reiner Wiest
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, University Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Rajiv Jalan
- Liver Failure Group, UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, UCL Medical School, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK.,European Foundation for the Study of Chronic Liver Failure, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Melchor Álvarez-Mon
- Departamento de Medicina y Especialidades Médicas, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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34
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Zenkov VS, O’Connor JH, Cockburn IA, Ganusov VV. A New Method Based on the von Mises-Fisher Distribution Shows that a Minority of Liver-Localized CD8 T Cells Display Hard-To-Detect Attraction to Plasmodium-Infected Hepatocytes. FRONTIERS IN BIOINFORMATICS 2022; 1:770448. [PMID: 36303744 PMCID: PMC9580869 DOI: 10.3389/fbinf.2021.770448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria is a disease caused by Plasmodium parasites, resulting in over 200 million infections and 400,000 deaths every year. A critical step of malaria infection is when sporozoites, injected by mosquitoes, travel to the liver and form liver stages. Malaria vaccine candidates which induce large numbers of malaria-specific CD8 T cells in mice are able to eliminate all liver stages, preventing fulminant malaria. However, how CD8 T cells find all parasites in 48 h of the liver stage lifespan is not well understood. Using intravital microscopy of murine livers, we generated unique data on T cell search for malaria liver stages within a few hours after infection. To detect attraction of T cells to an infection site, we used the von Mises-Fisher distribution in 3D, similar to the 2D von Mises distribution previously used in ecology. Our results suggest that the vast majority (70-95%) of malaria-specific and non-specific liver-localized CD8 T cells did not display attraction towards the infection site, suggesting that the search for malaria liver stages occurs randomly. However, a small fraction (15-20%) displayed weak but detectable attraction towards parasites which already had been surrounded by several T cells. We found that speeds and turning angles correlated with attraction, suggesting that understanding mechanisms that determine the speed of T cell movement in the liver may improve the efficacy of future T cell-based vaccines. Stochastic simulations suggest that a small movement bias towards the parasite dramatically reduces the number of CD8 T cells needed to eliminate all malaria liver stages, but to detect such attraction by individual cells requires data from long imaging experiments which are not currently feasible. Importantly, as far as we know this is the first demonstration of how activated/memory CD8 T cells might search for the pathogen in nonlymphoid tissues a few hours after infection. We have also established a framework for how attraction of individual T cells towards a location in 3D can be rigorously evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor S. Zenkov
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States,*Correspondence: Viktor S. Zenkov, ; Vitaly V. Ganusov,
| | - James H. O’Connor
- Division of Immunology, Inflammation and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia,The Australian National University Medical School, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Ian A. Cockburn
- Division of Immunology, Inflammation and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Vitaly V. Ganusov
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States,Department of Mathematics, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States,*Correspondence: Viktor S. Zenkov, ; Vitaly V. Ganusov,
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35
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Evrard M, Wynne-Jones E, Peng C, Kato Y, Christo SN, Fonseca R, Park SL, Burn TN, Osman M, Devi S, Chun J, Mueller SN, Kannourakis G, Berzins SP, Pellicci DG, Heath WR, Jameson SC, Mackay LK. Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 5 (S1PR5) regulates the peripheral retention of tissue-resident lymphocytes. J Exp Med 2022; 219:e20210116. [PMID: 34677611 PMCID: PMC8546662 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20210116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells provide long-lasting immune protection. One of the key events controlling TRM cell development is the local retention of TRM cell precursors coupled to downregulation of molecules necessary for tissue exit. Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 5 (S1PR5) is a migratory receptor with an uncharted function in T cells. Here, we show that S1PR5 plays a critical role in T cell infiltration and emigration from peripheral organs, as well as being specifically downregulated in TRM cells. Consequentially, TRM cell development was selectively impaired upon ectopic expression of S1pr5, whereas loss of S1pr5 enhanced skin TRM cell formation by promoting peripheral T cell sequestration. Importantly, we found that T-bet and ZEB2 were required for S1pr5 induction and that local TGF-β signaling was necessary to promote coordinated Tbx21, Zeb2, and S1pr5 downregulation. Moreover, S1PR5-mediated control of tissue residency was conserved across innate and adaptive immune compartments. Together, these results identify the T-bet-ZEB2-S1PR5 axis as a previously unappreciated mechanism modulating the generation of tissue-resident lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilien Evrard
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Erica Wynne-Jones
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Changwei Peng
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Yu Kato
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- The ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Susan N. Christo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Raissa Fonseca
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Simone L. Park
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thomas N. Burn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Maleika Osman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sapna Devi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jerold Chun
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Scott N. Mueller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - George Kannourakis
- Federation University Australia and Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Ballarat, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stuart P. Berzins
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Federation University Australia and Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Ballarat, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel G. Pellicci
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- The ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Cellular Immunology Group, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - William R. Heath
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- The ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen C. Jameson
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Laura K. Mackay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- The ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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36
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Lefebvre MN, Surette FA, Anthony SM, Vijay R, Jensen IJ, Pewe LL, Hancox LS, Van Braeckel-Budimir N, van de Wall S, Urban SL, Mix MR, Kurup SP, Badovinac VP, Butler NS, Harty JT. Expeditious recruitment of circulating memory CD8 T cells to the liver facilitates control of malaria. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109956. [PMID: 34731605 PMCID: PMC8628427 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating memory CD8 T cell trafficking and protective capacity during liver-stage malaria infection remains undefined. We find that effector memory CD8 T cells (Tem) infiltrate the liver within 6 hours after malarial or bacterial infections and mediate pathogen clearance. Tem recruitment coincides with rapid transcriptional upregulation of inflammatory genes in Plasmodium-infected livers. Recruitment requires CD8 T cell-intrinsic LFA-1 expression and the presence of liver phagocytes. Rapid Tem liver infiltration is distinct from recruitment to other non-lymphoid tissues in that it occurs both in the absence of liver tissue resident memory "sensing-and-alarm" function and ∼42 hours earlier than in lung infection by influenza virus. These data demonstrate relevance for Tem in protection against malaria and provide generalizable mechanistic insights germane to control of liver infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell N Lefebvre
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
| | - Fionna A Surette
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
| | - Scott M Anthony
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
| | - Rahul Vijay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
| | - Isaac J Jensen
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
| | - Lecia L Pewe
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
| | - Lisa S Hancox
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
| | | | - Stephanie van de Wall
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
| | - Stina L Urban
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
| | - Madison R Mix
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
| | - Samarchith P Kurup
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
| | - Vladimir P Badovinac
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
| | - Noah S Butler
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
| | - John T Harty
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA.
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Mandala WL, Harawa V, Dzinjalamala F, Tembo D. The role of different components of the immune system against Plasmodium falciparum malaria: Possible contribution towards malaria vaccine development. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2021; 246:111425. [PMID: 34666102 PMCID: PMC8655617 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2021.111425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum malaria still remains a major global public health challenge with over 220 million new cases and well over 400,000 deaths annually. Most of the deaths occur in sub-Saharan Africa which bears 90 % of the malaria cases. Such high P. falciparum malaria-related morbidity and mortality rates pose a huge burden on the health and economic wellbeing of the countries affected. Lately, substantial gains have been made in reducing malaria morbidity and mortality through intense malaria control initiatives such as use of effective antimalarials, intensive distribution and use of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs), and implementation of massive indoor residual spraying (IRS) campaigns. However, these gains are being threatened by widespread resistance of the parasite to antimalarials, and the vector to insecticides. Over the years the use of vaccines has proven to be the most reliable, cost-effective and efficient method for controlling the burden and spread of many infectious diseases, especially in resource poor settings with limited public health infrastructure. Nonetheless, this had not been the case with malaria until the most promising malaria vaccine candidate, RTS,S/AS01, was approved for pilot implementation programme in three African countries in 2015. This was regarded as the most important breakthrough in the fight against malaria. However, RTS,S/AS01 has been found to have some limitations, the main ones being low efficacy in certain age groups, poor immunogenicity and need for almost three boosters to attain a reasonable efficacy. Thus, the search for a more robust and effective malaria vaccine still continues and a better understanding of naturally acquired immune responses to the various stages, including the transmissible stages of the parasite, could be crucial in rational vaccine design. This review therefore compiles what is currently known about the basic biology of P. falciparum and the natural malaria immune response against malaria and progress made towards vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson L Mandala
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Malawi University of Science and Technology, Thyolo, Malawi; Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust, Blantyre, Malawi.
| | | | - Fraction Dzinjalamala
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Malawi University of Science and Technology, Thyolo, Malawi
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Park SL, Mackay LK. Decoding Tissue-Residency: Programming and Potential of Frontline Memory T Cells. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2021; 13:a037960. [PMID: 33753406 PMCID: PMC8485744 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a037960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Memory T-cell responses are partitioned between the blood, secondary lymphoid organs, and nonlymphoid tissues. Tissue-resident memory T (Trm) cells are a population of immune cells that remain permanently in tissues without recirculating in blood. These nonrecirculating cells serve as a principal node in the anamnestic response to invading pathogens and developing malignancies. Here, we contemplate how T-cell tissue residency is defined and shapes protective immunity in the steady state and in the context of disease. We review the properties and heterogeneity of Trm cells, highlight the critical roles these cells play in maintaining tissue homeostasis and eliciting immune pathology, and explore how they might be exploited to treat disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone L Park
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Laura K Mackay
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
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Yang K, Kallies A. Tissue-specific differentiation of CD8 + resident memory T cells. Trends Immunol 2021; 42:876-890. [PMID: 34531111 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2021.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
CD8+ tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells play crucial roles in defense against infections and cancer and have been implicated in autoimmune diseases such as psoriasis. In mice and humans, they exist in all nonlymphoid organs and share key characteristics across all tissues, including downregulation of tissue egress and lymph node homing pathways. However, recent studies demonstrate considerable heterogeneity across TRM cells lodged in different tissues - linked to the activity of tissue-specific molecules, including chemokines, cytokines, and transcription factors. Current work indicates that transforming growth factor (TGF)-β plays a major role in generating TRM heterogeneity at phenotypic and functional levels. Here, we review common and unique features of TRM cells in different tissues and discuss putative strategies aimed at harnessing TRM cells for site-specific protection against infectious and malignant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Axel Kallies
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.
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Bacillus subtilis Spore-Trained Dendritic Cells Enhance the Generation of Memory T Cells via ICAM1. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092267. [PMID: 34571913 PMCID: PMC8469252 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunological memory is a cardinal feature of the immune system. The intestinal mucosa is the primary exposure and entry site of infectious organisms. For an effective and long-lasting safeguard, a robust immune memory system is required, especially by the mucosal immunity. It is well known that tissue-resident memory T cells (Trms) provide a first response against infections reencountered at mucosal tissues surfaces, where they accelerate pathogen clearance. However, their function in intestinal immunization remains to be investigated. Here, we report enhanced local mucosal and systemic immune responses through oral administration of H9N2 influenza whole inactivated virus (H9N2 WIV) plus Bacillus subtilis spores. Subsequently, H9N2 WIV plus spores led to the generation of CD103+ CD69+ Trms, which were independent of circulating T cells during the immune period. Meanwhile, we also found that Bacillus subtilis spores could stimulate Acrp30 expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Moreover, spore-stimulated adipocyte supernatant also upregulated the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM1) in dendritic cells (DCs). Furthermore, the proportion of HA-tetramer+ cells was severely curtailed upon suppressed ICAM1 expression, which also depended on HA-loaded DCs. Taken together, our data demonstrated that spore-promoted H9N2 WIV induced an immune response by enhancing Trms populations, which were associated with the activation of ICAM1 in DCs.
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Peng Z, Zhang Y, Ma X, Zhou M, Wu S, Song Z, Yuan Y, Chen Y, Li Y, Wang G, Huang F, Qiao Y, Xia B, Liu W, Liu J, Zhang X, He X, Pan T, Xu H, Zhang H. Brd4 Regulates the Homeostasis of CD8 + T-Lymphocytes and Their Proliferation in Response to Antigen Stimulation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:728082. [PMID: 34512660 PMCID: PMC8427756 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.728082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T cells are major components of adaptive immunity and confer robust protective cellular immunity, which requires adequate T-cell numbers, targeted migration, and efficient T-cell proliferation. Altered CD8+ T-cell homeostasis and impaired proliferation result in dysfunctional immune response to infection or tumorigenesis. However, intrinsic factors controlling CD8+ T-cell homeostasis and immunity remain largely elusive. Here, we demonstrate the prominent role of Brd4 on CD8+ T cell homeostasis and immune response. By upregulating Myc and GLUT1 expression, Brd4 facilitates glucose uptake and energy production in mitochondria, subsequently supporting naïve CD8+ T-cell survival. Besides, Brd4 promotes the trafficking of naïve CD8+ T cells partially through maintaining the expression of homing receptors (CD62L and LFA-1). Furthermore, Brd4 is required for CD8+ T cell response to antigen stimulation, as Brd4 deficiency leads to a severe defect in clonal expansion and terminal differentiation by decreasing glycolysis. Importantly, as JQ1, a pan-BRD inhibitor, severely dampens CD8+ T-cell immune response, its usage as an anti-tumor agent or latency-reversing agent for human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-1) should be more cautious. Collectively, our study identifies a previously-unexpected role of Brd4 in the metabolic regulation of CD8+ T cell-mediated immune surveillance and also provides a potential immunomodulation target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilin Peng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Institute of Human Virology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Institute of Human Virology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiancai Ma
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Institute of Human Virology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Institute of Human Virology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiyu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Institute of Human Virology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zheng Song
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Institute of Human Virology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaochang Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Institute of Human Virology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingshi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Institute of Human Virology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuzhuang Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Institute of Human Virology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guanwen Wang
- Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng Huang
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China
| | - Yidan Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Institute of Human Virology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baijing Xia
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Institute of Human Virology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Institute of Human Virology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Institute of Human Virology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Institute of Human Virology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin He
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Institute of Human Virology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Pan
- Center for Infection and Immunity Studies, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hanshi Xu
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Institute of Human Virology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Discrete tissue microenvironments instruct diversity in resident memory T cell function and plasticity. Nat Immunol 2021; 22:1140-1151. [PMID: 34426691 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-021-01004-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells are non-recirculating cells that exist throughout the body. Although TRM cells in various organs rely on common transcriptional networks to establish tissue residency, location-specific factors adapt these cells to their tissue of lodgment. Here we analyze TRM cell heterogeneity between organs and find that the different environments in which these cells differentiate dictate TRM cell function, durability and malleability. We find that unequal responsiveness to TGFβ is a major driver of this diversity. Notably, dampened TGFβ signaling results in CD103- TRM cells with increased proliferative potential, enhanced function and reduced longevity compared with their TGFβ-responsive CD103+ TRM counterparts. Furthermore, whereas CD103- TRM cells readily modified their phenotype upon relocation, CD103+ TRM cells were comparatively resistant to transdifferentiation. Thus, despite common requirements for TRM cell development, tissue adaptation of these cells confers discrete functional properties such that TRM cells exist along a spectrum of differentiation potential that is governed by their local tissue microenvironment.
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Peng T, Phasouk K, Bossard E, Klock A, Jin L, Laing KJ, Johnston C, Williams NA, Czartoski JL, Varon D, Long AN, Bielas JH, Snyder TM, Robins H, Koelle DM, McElrath MJ, Wald A, Corey L, Zhu J. Distinct populations of antigen-specific tissue-resident CD8+ T cells in human cervix mucosa. JCI Insight 2021; 6:149950. [PMID: 34156975 PMCID: PMC8410090 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.149950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The ectocervix is part of the lower female reproductive tract (FRT), which is susceptible to sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Comprehensive knowledge of the phenotypes and T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire of tissue-resident memory T cells (TRMs) in the human FRT is lacking. We took single-cell RNA-Seq approaches to simultaneously define gene expression and TCR clonotypes of the human ectocervix. There were significantly more CD8+ than CD4+ T cells. Unsupervised clustering and trajectory analysis identified distinct populations of CD8+ T cells with IFNGhiGZMBloCD69hiCD103lo or IFNGloGZMBhiCD69medCD103hi phenotypes. Little overlap was seen between their TCR repertoires. Immunofluorescence staining showed that CD103+CD8+ TRMs were preferentially localized in the epithelium, whereas CD69+CD8+ TRMs were distributed evenly in the epithelium and stroma. Ex vivo assays indicated that up to 14% of cervical CD8+ TRM clonotypes were HSV-2 reactive in HSV-2-seropositive persons, reflecting physiologically relevant localization. Our studies identified subgroups of CD8+ TRMs in the human ectocervix that exhibited distinct expression of antiviral defense and tissue residency markers, anatomic locations, and TCR repertoires that target anatomically relevant viral antigens. Optimization of the location, number, and function of FRT TRMs is an important approach for improving host defenses to STIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Peng
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology and
| | - Khamsone Phasouk
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Emily Bossard
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Alexis Klock
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology and
| | - Lei Jin
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kerry J. Laing
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Christine Johnston
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Noel A. Williams
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Julie L. Czartoski
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Dana Varon
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Annalyssa N. Long
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jason H. Bielas
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | | | - David M. Koelle
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology and
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - M. Juliana McElrath
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology and
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Anna Wald
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology and
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Lawrence Corey
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology and
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jia Zhu
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology and
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Farsakoglu Y, McDonald B, Kaech SM. Motility Matters: How CD8 + T-Cell Trafficking Influences Effector and Memory Cell Differentiation. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2021; 13:cshperspect.a038075. [PMID: 34001529 PMCID: PMC8327832 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a038075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Immunological memory is a hallmark of adaptive immunity that confers long-lasting protection from reinfections. Memory CD8+ T cells provide protection by actively scanning for their cognate antigen and migrating into inflamed tissues. Trafficking patterns of CD8+ T cells are also a major determinant of cell fate outcomes during differentiation into effector and memory cell states. CD8+ T-cell trafficking must therefore be dynamically and tightly regulated to ensure that CD8+ T cells arrive at the correct locations and differentiate to acquire appropriate effector functions. This review aims to discuss the importance of CD8+ T-cell trafficking patterns in regulating effector and memory differentiation, maintenance, and reactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yagmur Farsakoglu
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Bryan McDonald
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.,Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Susan M Kaech
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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46
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Dijkgraaf FE, Kok L, Schumacher TNM. Formation of Tissue-Resident CD8 + T-Cell Memory. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2021; 13:cshperspect.a038117. [PMID: 33685935 PMCID: PMC8327830 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a038117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Resident memory CD8+ T (Trm) cells permanently reside in nonlymphoid tissues where they act as a first line of defense against recurrent pathogens. How and when antigen-inexperienced CD8+ T cells differentiate into Trm has been a topic of major interest, as knowledge on how to steer this process may be exploited in the development of vaccines and anticancer therapies. Here, we first review the current understanding of the early signals that CD8+ T cells receive before they have entered the tissue and that govern their capacity to develop into tissue-resident memory T cells. Subsequently, we discuss the tissue-derived factors that promote Trm maturation in situ. Combined, these data sketch a model in which a subset of responding T cells develops a heightened capacity to respond to local cues present in the tissue microenvironment, which thereby imprints their ability to contribute to the tissue-resident memory CD8+ T-cell pool that provide local control against pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feline E Dijkgraaf
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lianne Kok
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ton N M Schumacher
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Gérard A, Cope AP, Kemper C, Alon R, Köchl R. LFA-1 in T cell priming, differentiation, and effector functions. Trends Immunol 2021; 42:706-722. [PMID: 34266767 PMCID: PMC10734378 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The integrin LFA-1 is crucial for T cell entry into mammalian lymph nodes and tissues, and for promoting interactions with antigen-presenting cells (APCs). However, it is increasingly evident that LFA-1 has additional key roles beyond the mere support of adhesion between T cells, the endothelium, and/or APCs. These include roles in homotypic T cell-T cell (T-T) communication, the induction of intracellular complement activity underlying Th1 effector cell polarization, and the support of long-lasting T cell memory. Here, we briefly summarize current knowledge of LFA-1 biology, discuss novel cytoskeletal regulators of LFA-1 functions, and review new aspects of LFA-1 mechanobiology that are relevant to its function in immunological synapses and in specific pathologies arising from LFA-1 dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Gérard
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew P Cope
- Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Claudia Kemper
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institute of Health (NIH), Complement and Inflammation Research Section (CIRS), Bethesda, MD, USA; Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ronen Alon
- The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Robert Köchl
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King's College London, London, UK.
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CD8 + tissue-resident memory T cells promote liver fibrosis resolution by inducing apoptosis of hepatic stellate cells. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4474. [PMID: 34294714 PMCID: PMC8298513 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24734-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a leading cause of chronic liver disease that can progress to liver fibrosis. Recent clinical advance suggests a reversibility of liver fibrosis, but the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying NASH resolution remain unclarified. Here, using a murine diet-induced NASH and the subsequent resolution model, we demonstrate direct roles of CD8+ tissue-resident memory CD8+ T (CD8+ Trm) cells in resolving liver fibrosis. Single-cell transcriptome analysis and FACS analysis revealed CD69+CD103−CD8+ Trm cell enrichment in NASH resolution livers. The reduction of liver CD8+ Trm cells, maintained by tissue IL-15, significantly delayed fibrosis resolution, while adoptive transfer of these cells protected mice from fibrosis progression. During resolution, CD8+ Trm cells attracted hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in a CCR5-dependent manner, and predisposed activated HSCs to FasL-Fas-mediated apoptosis. Histological assessment of patients with NASH revealed CD69+CD8+ Trm abundance in fibrotic areas, further supporting their roles in humans. These results highlight the undefined role of liver CD8+ Trm in fibrosis resolution. The cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the resolution of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis remain incompletely understood. Here the authors report a single cell-based analysis that identified CD8 + tissue-resident memory T cells, which contribute to resolution of liver fibrosis potentially via elimination of hepatic stellate cells through Fas-mediated cytotoxicity.
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Tkachev V, Kaminski J, Potter EL, Furlan SN, Yu A, Hunt DJ, McGuckin C, Zheng H, Colonna L, Gerdemann U, Carlson J, Hoffman M, Olvera J, English C, Baldessari A, Panoskaltsis-Mortari A, Watkins B, Qayed M, Suessmuth Y, Betz K, Bratrude B, Langston A, Horan JT, Ordovas-Montanes J, Shalek AK, Blazar BR, Roederer M, Kean LS. Spatiotemporal single-cell profiling reveals that invasive and tissue-resident memory donor CD8 + T cells drive gastrointestinal acute graft-versus-host disease. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:13/576/eabc0227. [PMID: 33441422 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abc0227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Organ infiltration by donor T cells is critical to the development of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) in recipients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (allo-HCT). However, deconvoluting the transcriptional programs of newly recruited donor T cells from those of tissue-resident T cells in aGVHD target organs remains a challenge. Here, we combined the serial intravascular staining technique with single-cell RNA sequencing to dissect the tightly connected processes by which donor T cells initially infiltrate tissues and then establish a pathogenic tissue residency program in a rhesus macaque allo-HCT model that develops aGVHD. Our results enabled creation of a spatiotemporal map of the transcriptional programs controlling donor CD8+ T cell infiltration into the primary aGVHD target organ, the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. We identified the large and small intestines as the only two sites demonstrating allo-specific, rather than lymphodepletion-driven, T cell infiltration. GI-infiltrating donor CD8+ T cells demonstrated a highly activated, cytotoxic phenotype while simultaneously developing a canonical tissue-resident memory T cell (TRM) transcriptional signature driven by interleukin-15 (IL-15)/IL-21 signaling. We found expression of a cluster of genes directly associated with tissue invasiveness, including those encoding adhesion molecules (ITGB2), specific chemokines (CCL3 and CCL4L1) and chemokine receptors (CD74), as well as multiple cytoskeletal proteins. This tissue invasion transcriptional signature was validated by its ability to discriminate the CD8+ T cell transcriptome of patients with GI aGVHD from those of GVHD-free patients. These results provide insights into the mechanisms controlling tissue occupancy of target organs by pathogenic donor CD8+ TRM cells during aGVHD in primate transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Tkachev
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - James Kaminski
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - E Lake Potter
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20858, USA
| | - Scott N Furlan
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Alison Yu
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Daniel J Hunt
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Connor McGuckin
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hengqi Zheng
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Lucrezia Colonna
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Ulrike Gerdemann
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Michelle Hoffman
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Joe Olvera
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Chris English
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | | | - Angela Panoskaltsis-Mortari
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
| | | | - Muna Qayed
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | | | - Kayla Betz
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Brandi Bratrude
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - John T Horan
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jose Ordovas-Montanes
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital and Program in Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Alex K Shalek
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Institute for Medical Engineering and Science (IMES), Department of Chemistry, and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Bruce R Blazar
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
| | - Mario Roederer
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20858, USA
| | - Leslie S Kean
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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50
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Inverso D, Shi J, Lee KH, Jakab M, Ben-Moshe S, Kulkarni SR, Schneider M, Wang G, Komeili M, Vélez PA, Riedel M, Spegg C, Ruppert T, Schaeffer-Reiss C, Helm D, Singh I, Boutros M, Chintharlapalli S, Heikenwalder M, Itzkovitz S, Augustin HG. A spatial vascular transcriptomic, proteomic, and phosphoproteomic atlas unveils an angiocrine Tie-Wnt signaling axis in the liver. Dev Cell 2021; 56:1677-1693.e10. [PMID: 34038707 PMCID: PMC8191494 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Single-cell transcriptomics (scRNA-seq) has revolutionized the understanding of the spatial architecture of tissue structure and function. Advancing the “transcript-centric” view of scRNA-seq analyses is presently restricted by the limited resolution of proteomics and genome-wide techniques to analyze post-translational modifications. Here, by combining spatial cell sorting with transcriptomics and quantitative proteomics/phosphoproteomics, we established the spatially resolved proteome landscape of the liver endothelium, yielding deep mechanistic insight into zonated vascular signaling mechanisms. Phosphorylation of receptor tyrosine kinases was detected preferentially in the central vein area, resulting in an atypical enrichment of tyrosine phosphorylation. Prototypic biological validation identified Tie receptor signaling as a selective and specific regulator of vascular Wnt activity orchestrating angiocrine signaling, thereby controlling hepatocyte function during liver regeneration. Taken together, the study has yielded fundamental insight into the spatial organization of liver endothelial cell signaling. Spatial sorting may be employed as a universally adaptable strategy for multiomic analyses of scRNA-seq-defined cellular (sub)-populations. ScRNA-seq-guided spatial sort enables multiomic dissection of the liver vasculature Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells have a hybrid vascular-lymphatic phenotype Tyrosine phosphorylation of endothelial cell molecules is enriched on central vein Endothelial Tie1 shapes hepatic Wnt signal zonation and promotes liver regeneration
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Affiliation(s)
- Donato Inverso
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Jingjing Shi
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ki Hong Lee
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Moritz Jakab
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Shani Ben-Moshe
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shubhada R Kulkarni
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Martin Schneider
- Protein Analysis Unit, Genomics and Proteomics Core Facility, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Guanxiong Wang
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marziyeh Komeili
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique (LSMBO), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, Strasbourg, France
| | - Paula Argos Vélez
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maria Riedel
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carleen Spegg
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Ruppert
- Center for Molecular Biology (ZMBH), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christine Schaeffer-Reiss
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique (LSMBO), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, Strasbourg, France
| | - Dominic Helm
- Protein Analysis Unit, Genomics and Proteomics Core Facility, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Indrabahadur Singh
- Emmy Noether Research Group Epigenetic Machineries and Cancer, Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Boutros
- Division of Signaling and Functional Genomics, German Cancer Research Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Mathias Heikenwalder
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Shalev Itzkovitz
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Hellmut G Augustin
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany.
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