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Garcia C, Velez LM, Ujagar N, Del Mundo Z, Nguyen T, Fox C, Mark A, Fisch KM, Lawson MA, Duleba AJ, Seldin MM, Nicholas DA. Lipopolysaccharide-induced chronic inflammation increases female serum gonadotropins and shifts the pituitary transcriptomic landscape. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1279878. [PMID: 38260148 PMCID: PMC10801245 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1279878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Female reproductive function depends on a choreographed sequence of hormonal secretion and action, where specific stresses such as inflammation exert profound disruptions. Specifically, acute LPS-induced inflammation inhibits gonadotropin production and secretion from the pituitary, thereby impacting the downstream production of sex hormones. These outcomes have only been observed in acute inflammatory stress and little is known about the mechanisms by which chronic inflammation affects reproduction. In this study we seek to understand the chronic effects of LPS on pituitary function and consequent luteinizing and follicle stimulating hormone secretion. Methods A chronic inflammatory state was induced in female mice by twice weekly injections with LPS over 6 weeks. Serum gonadotropins were measured and bulk RNAseq was performed on the pituitaries from these mice, along with basic measurements of reproductive biology. Results Surprisingly, serum luteinizing and follicle stimulating hormone was not inhibited and instead we found it was increased with repeated LPS treatments. Discussion Analysis of bulk RNA-sequencing of murine pituitary revealed paracrine activation of TGFβ pathways as a potential mechanism regulating FSH secretion in response to chronic LPS. These results provide a framework with which to begin dissecting the impacts of chronic inflammation on reproductive physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Garcia
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Leandro M. Velez
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Naveena Ujagar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Zena Del Mundo
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Thu Nguyen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Chelsea Fox
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Prisma Health Upstate/University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville, Greenville, SC, United States
| | - Adam Mark
- Center for Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Kathleen M. Fisch
- Center for Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Mark A. Lawson
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Antoni J. Duleba
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Marcus M. Seldin
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Dequina A. Nicholas
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
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2
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Nziza N, Tran TM, DeRiso EA, Dolatshahi S, Herman JD, de Lacerda L, Junqueira C, Lieberman J, Ongoiba A, Doumbo S, Kayentao K, Traore B, Crompton PD, Alter G. Accumulation of Neutrophil Phagocytic Antibody Features Tracks With Naturally Acquired Immunity Against Malaria in Children. J Infect Dis 2023; 228:759-768. [PMID: 37150885 PMCID: PMC10503956 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have demonstrated the protective role of antibodies against malaria. Young children are known to be particularly vulnerable to malaria, pointing to the evolution of naturally acquired clinical immunity over time. However, whether changes in antibody functionality track with the acquisition of naturally acquired malaria immunity remains incompletely understood. METHODS Using systems serology, we characterized sporozoite- and merozoite-specific antibody profiles of uninfected Malian children before the malaria season who differed in their ability to control parasitemia and fever following Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) infection. We then assessed the contributions of individual traits to overall clinical outcomes, focusing on the immunodominant sporozoite CSP and merozoite AMA1 and MSP1 antigens. RESULTS Humoral immunity evolved with age, with an expansion of both magnitude and functional quality, particularly within blood-stage phagocytic antibody activity. Moreover, concerning clinical outcomes postinfection, protected children had higher antibody-dependent neutrophil activity along with higher levels of MSP1-specific IgG3 and IgA and CSP-specific IgG3 and IgG4 prior to the malaria season. CONCLUSIONS These data point to the natural evolution of functional humoral immunity to Pf with age and highlight particular antibody Fc-effector profiles associated with the control of malaria in children, providing clues for the design of next-generation vaccines or therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadege Nziza
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tuan M Tran
- Malaria Infection Biology and Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Disease and Global Health, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Elizabeth A DeRiso
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sepideh Dolatshahi
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jonathan D Herman
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Luna de Lacerda
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Caroline Junqueira
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Judy Lieberman
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Aissata Ongoiba
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, Mali International Center of Excellence in Research, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Safiatou Doumbo
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, Mali International Center of Excellence in Research, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Kassoum Kayentao
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, Mali International Center of Excellence in Research, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Boubacar Traore
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, Mali International Center of Excellence in Research, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Peter D Crompton
- Malaria Infection Biology and Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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3
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McNamara RP, Maron JS, Boucau J, Roy V, Webb NE, Bertera HL, Barczak AK, Positives Study Staff T, Franko N, Logue JK, Kemp M, Li JZ, Zhou L, Hsieh CL, McLellan JS, Siedner MJ, Seaman MS, Lemieux JE, Chu HY, Alter G. Anamnestic humoral correlates of immunity across SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. mBio 2023; 14:e0090223. [PMID: 37535402 PMCID: PMC10470538 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00902-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
While immune correlates against SARS-CoV-2 are typically defined at peak immunogenicity following vaccination, immunologic responses that expand selectively during the anamnestic response following infection can provide mechanistic and detailed insights into the immune mechanisms of protection. Moreover, whether anamnestic correlates are conserved across variants of concern (VOC), including the Delta and more distant Omicron VOC, remains unclear. To define the anamnestic correlates of immunity, across VOCs, we deeply profiled the humoral immune response in individuals infected with sequence-confirmed Delta or Omicron VOC after completing the vaccination series. While limited acute N-terminal domain and receptor-binding domain (RBD)-specific immune expansion was observed following breakthrough infection, a significant immunodominant expansion of opsonophagocytic Spike-specific antibody responses focused largely on the conserved S2-domain of SARS-CoV-2 was observed. This S2-specific functional humoral response continued to evolve over 2-3 weeks following Delta or Omicron breakthrough, targeting multiple VOCs and common coronaviruses. Strong responses were observed on the fusion peptide (FP) region and the heptad repeat 1 (HR1) region adjacent to the RBD. Notably, the FP is highly conserved across SARS-related coronaviruses and even non-SARS-related betacoronavirus. Taken together, our results point to a critical role of highly conserved, functional S2-specific responses in the anamnestic antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 infection across VOCs. These humoral responses linked to virus clearance can guide next-generation vaccine-boosting approaches to confer broad protection against future SARS-related coronaviruses. IMPORTANCE The Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 is the primary target of antibody-based recognition. Selective pressures, be it the adaption to human-to-human transmission or evasion of previously acquired immunity, have spurred the emergence of variants of the virus such as the Delta and Omicron lineages. Therefore, understanding how antibody responses are expanded in breakthrough cases of previously vaccinated individuals can provide insights into key correlates of protection against current and future variants. Here, we show that vaccinated individuals who had documented COVID-19 breakthrough showed anamnestic antibody expansions targeting the conserved S2 subdomain of Spike, particularly within the fusion peptide region. These S2-directed antibodies were highly leveraged for non-neutralizing, phagocytic functions and were similarly expanded independent of the variant. We propose that through deep profiling of anamnestic antibody responses in breakthrough cases, we can identify antigen targets susceptible to novel monoclonal antibody therapy or vaccination-boosting strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P. McNamara
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jenny S. Maron
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Julie Boucau
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Vicky Roy
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nicholas E. Webb
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Harry L. Bertera
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amy K. Barczak
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - The Positives Study Staff
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nicholas Franko
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jennifer K. Logue
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Megan Kemp
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jonathan Z. Li
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ling Zhou
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Ching-Lin Hsieh
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Jason S. McLellan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Mark J. Siedner
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael S. Seaman
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jacob E. Lemieux
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- The Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Helen Y. Chu
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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4
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Nziza N, Jung W, Mendu M, Chen T, McNamara RP, Fortune SM, Franken KLMC, Ottenhoff THM, Bryson B, Ngonzi J, Bebell LM, Alter G. Maternal HIV infection drives altered placental Mtb-specific antibody transfer. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1171990. [PMID: 37228375 PMCID: PMC10203169 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1171990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Placental transfer of maternal antibodies is essential for neonatal immunity over the first months of life. In the setting of maternal HIV infection, HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) infants are at higher risk of developing severe infections, including active tuberculosis (TB). Given our emerging appreciation for the potential role of antibodies in the control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the bacteria that causes TB, here we aimed to determine whether maternal HIV status altered the quality of Mtb-specific placental antibody transfer. Methods Antigen-specific antibody systems serology was performed to comprehensively characterize the Mtb-specific humoral immune response in maternal and umbilical cord blood from HIV infected and uninfected pregnant people in Uganda. Results Significant differences were noted in overall antibody profiles in HIV positive and negative maternal plasma, resulting in heterogeneous transfer of Mtb-specific antibodies. Altered antibody transfer in HIV infected dyads was associated with impaired binding to IgG Fc-receptors, which was directly linked to HIV viral loads and CD4 counts. Conclusions These results highlight the importance of maternal HIV status on antibody transfer, providing clues related to alterations in transferred maternal immunity that may render HEU infants more vulnerable to TB than their HIV-unexposed peers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadege Nziza
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Wonyeong Jung
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Maanasa Mendu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Tina Chen
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Ryan P. McNamara
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Sarah M. Fortune
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kees L. M. C. Franken
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Tom H. M. Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Bryan Bryson
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Joseph Ngonzi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Lisa M. Bebell
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Center for Global Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
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5
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Dolatshahi S, Butler AL, Siedner MJ, Ngonzi J, Edlow AG, Adong J, Jennewein MF, Atyeo C, Bassett IV, Roberts DJ, Lauffenburger DA, Alter G, Bebell LM. Altered Maternal Antibody Profiles in Women With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Drive Changes in Transplacental Antibody Transfer. Clin Infect Dis 2022; 75:1359-1369. [PMID: 35245365 PMCID: PMC9555842 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciac156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-exposed, uninfected (HEU) children have a higher risk of severe infection, but the causes are poorly understood. Emerging data point to altered antibody transfer in women with HIV (WHIV); however, specific perturbations and the influence of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and HIV viremia remain unclear. METHODS We evaluated antigen-specific transplacental antibody transfer across 14 antigens in paired maternal and umbilical cord plasma from 352 Ugandan women; 176 were WHIV taking ART. We measured antigen-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) sub-class (IgG1, 2, 3, 4) levels and antibody Fcγ receptor (FcγRn, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b) binding profiles. We used partial least squares discrimi-nant analysis to define antigen-specific transplacental antibody transfer features. RESULTS Global antibody transfer patterns were similar by maternal HIV serostatus, pointing to effective placental function in WHIV. However, HEU umbilical cord antibody profiles were altered, driven by perturbed WHIV seroprofiles, with higher levels of herpesvirus antibodies (P < .01 for Epstein-Barr virus, herpes simplex virus) and lower levels of classic vaccine-induced antibodies (P < .01 for tetanus, polio, Haemophilus influenzae type b), suggesting that umbilical cord antibody profile differences arise from imbalanced WHIV immunity. Abnormal WHIV antibody profiles were associated with HIV viremia, lower CD4 count, and postconception ART initiation (P = .01). CONCLUSIONS Perturbed immune-dominance profiles in WHIV shift the balance of immunity delivered to neonates. Perturbed HIV-associated maternal antibody profiles are a key determinant of com-promised neonatal immunity. Maternal vaccination interventions may promote transfer of relevant, effective antibodies to protect HEU children against early-life infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Dolatshahi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Audrey L Butler
- State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Mark J Siedner
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Global Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joseph Ngonzi
- Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Andrea G Edlow
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Julian Adong
- Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | | | - Caroline Atyeo
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ingrid V Bassett
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Drucilla J Roberts
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Galit Alter
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lisa M Bebell
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Global Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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6
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Dolatshahi S, Butler AL, Pou C, Henckel E, Bernhardsson AK, Gustafsson A, Bohlin K, Shin SA, Lauffenburger DA, Brodin P, Alter G. Selective transfer of maternal antibodies in preterm and fullterm children. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14937. [PMID: 36056073 PMCID: PMC9440225 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18973-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Preterm newborns are more likely to suffer from infectious diseases at birth compared to children delivered at term. Whether this is due to compromised cellular, humoral, or organ-specific development remains unclear. To begin to define whether maternal-fetal antibody transfer profiles differ across preterm (PT) and fullterm (FT) infants, the overall quantity and functional quality of an array of 24 vaccine-, endemic pathogen-, and common antigen-specific antibodies were assessed across a cohort of 11 PT and 12 term-delivered maternal:infant pairs from birth through week 12. While total IgG levels to influenza, pneumo, measles, rubella, EBV, and RSV were higher in FT newborns, selective Fc-receptor binding antibodies was noted in PT newborns. In fact, near equivalent antibody-effector functions were observed across PT and FT infants, despite significant quantitative differences in transferred antibody levels. Moreover, temporal transfer analysis revealed the selective early transfer of FcRn, FcγR2, and FcγR3 binding antibodies, pointing to differential placental sieving mechanisms across gestation. These data point to selectivity in placental transfer at distinct gestational ages, to ensure that children are endowed with the most robust humoral immunity even if born preterm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Dolatshahi
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | | | - Christian Pou
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ewa Henckel
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Karin Bernhardsson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Gustafsson
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kajsa Bohlin
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sally A Shin
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Douglas A Lauffenburger
- Department of Biological Engineering and Center for Gynepathology Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Petter Brodin
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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7
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Wang C, Li Y, Kaplonek P, Gentili M, Fischinger S, Bowman KA, Sade-Feldman M, Kays KR, Regan J, Flynn JP, Goldberg MB, Hacohen N, Filbin MR, Lauffenburger DA, Alter G, Li JZ. The Kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Development Is Associated with Clearance of RNAemia. mBio 2022; 13:e0157722. [PMID: 35762593 PMCID: PMC9426503 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01577-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Persistent SARS-CoV-2 replication and systemic dissemination are linked to increased COVID-19 disease severity and mortality. However, the precise immune profiles that track with enhanced viral clearance, particularly from systemic RNAemia, remain incompletely defined. To define whether antibody characteristics, specificities, or functions that emerge during natural infection are linked to accelerated containment of viral replication, we examined the relationship of SARS-CoV-2-specific humoral immune evolution in the setting of SARS-CoV-2 plasma RNAemia, which is tightly associated with disease severity and death. On presentation to the emergency department, S-specific IgG3, IgA1, and Fc-γ-receptor (Fcγ R) binding antibodies were all inversely associated with higher baseline plasma RNAemia. Importantly, the rapid development of spike (S) and its subunit (S1/S2/receptor binding domain)-specific IgG, especially FcγR binding activity, were associated with clearance of RNAemia. These results point to a potentially critical and direct role for SARS-CoV-2-specific humoral immune clearance on viral dissemination, persistence, and disease outcome, providing novel insights for the development of more effective therapeutics to resolve COVID-19. IMPORTANCE We showed that persistent SARS-CoV-2 RNAemia is an independent predictor of severe COVID-19. We observed that SARS-CoV-2-targeted antibody maturation, specifically Fc-effector functions rather than neutralization, was strongly linked with the ability to rapidly clear viremia. This highlights the critical role of key humoral features in preventing viral dissemination or accelerating viremia clearance and provides insights for the design of next-generation monoclonal therapeutics. The main key points will be that (i) persistent SARS-CoV-2 plasma RNAemia independently predicts severe COVID-19 and (ii) specific humoral immune functions play a critical role in halting viral dissemination and controlling COVID-19 disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuangqi Wang
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yijia Li
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Paulina Kaplonek
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matteo Gentili
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Kathryn A. Bowman
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Kyle R. Kays
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James Regan
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James P. Flynn
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marcia B. Goldberg
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nir Hacohen
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael R. Filbin
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Douglas A. Lauffenburger
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Galit Alter
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jonathan Z. Li
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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8
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Iwanaga T, Takahashi-Iwanaga H. Disposal of intestinal apoptotic epithelial cells and their fate via divergent routes. Biomed Res 2022; 43:59-72. [PMID: 35718446 DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.43.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Gut epithelial cells are characterized by rapid, constant cell renewal. The disposal of aging epithelial cells around the villus tips of the small intestine occurs so regularly that it has been regarded as a consequence of well-controlled cell death, designated as apoptosis. However, the notion of live cell extrusion in the intestine has been intensively built among researchers, and the disposal processes of effete epithelial cells display species and regional differences. Chemical mediators and mechanical forces rising from surrounding cells contribute to the regulated cell replacement. Cytotoxic intraepithelial lymphocytes and lamina propria macrophages play a leading role in the selection of disposal cells and their extrusion to maintain fully the epithelial homeostasis in tandem with the dynamic reconstruction of junctional devices. Lymphocyte-mediated cell killing is predominant in the mouse and rat, while the disposal of epithelial cells in the guinea pig, monkey, and human is characterized by active phagocytosis by subepithelially gathering macrophages. The fenestrated basement membrane formed by immune cells supports their involvement and explains species differences in the disposal of epithelial cells. Via these fenestrations, macrophages and dendritic cells can engulf apoptotic epithelial cells and debris and convey substantial information to regional lymph nodes. In this review, we attempt to focus on morphological aspects concerning the apoptosis and disposal process of effete epithelial cells; in vitro or ex vivo analyses using cultured monolayer has become predominant in recent studies concerning the exfoliation of apoptotic enterocytes. Furthermore, we give attention to their species differences, which is controversial but crucial to our understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiko Iwanaga
- Department of Anatomy, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine
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9
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Jennewein MF, Kosikova M, Noelette FJ, Radvak P, Boudreau CM, Campbell JD, Chen WH, Xie H, Alter G, Pasetti MF. Functional and structural modifications of influenza antibodies during pregnancy. iScience 2022; 25:104088. [PMID: 35402869 PMCID: PMC8991102 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy represents a unique tolerogenic immune state which may alter susceptibility to infection and vaccine response. Here, we characterized humoral immunity to seasonal influenza vaccine strains in pregnant and non-pregnant women. Although serological responses to influenza remained largely intact during late pregnancy, distinct modifications were observed. Pregnant women had reduced hemagglutinin subtype-1 (H1)- IgG, IgG1, IgG2, and IgG3, hemagglutination inhibition, and group 1 and 2 stem IgG titers. Intriguingly, H1-specific avidity and FcγR1 binding increased, and influenza antibodies had distinct Fc and Fab glycans characterized by increased di-galactosylation and di-sialylation. H1-specific Fc-functionality (i.e. monocyte phagocytosis and complement deposition) was moderately reduced in pregnancy. Multivariate antibody analysis revealed two distinct populations (pregnant vs. non-pregnant) segregated by H1 FcγR1 binding, H1-IgG levels, and Fab and Fc glycosylation. Our results demonstrated a structural and functional modulation of influenza humoral immunity during pregnancy that was antigen-specific and consistent with reduced inflammation and efficient placental transport.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martina Kosikova
- Laboratory of Pediatric and Respiratory Viral Diseases, Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | | | - Peter Radvak
- Laboratory of Pediatric and Respiratory Viral Diseases, Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | | | - James D. Campbell
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Wilbur H. Chen
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Hang Xie
- Laboratory of Pediatric and Respiratory Viral Diseases, Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Galit Alter
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Marcela F. Pasetti
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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10
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Lahmann I, Griger J, Chen JS, Zhang Y, Schuelke M, Birchmeier C. Met and Cxcr4 cooperate to protect skeletal muscle stem cells against inflammation-induced damage during regeneration. eLife 2021; 10:57356. [PMID: 34350830 PMCID: PMC8370772 DOI: 10.7554/elife.57356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute skeletal muscle injury is followed by an inflammatory response, removal of damaged tissue, and the generation of new muscle fibers by resident muscle stem cells, a process well characterized in murine injury models. Inflammatory cells are needed to remove the debris at the site of injury and provide signals that are beneficial for repair. However, they also release chemokines, reactive oxygen species, as well as enzymes for clearance of damaged cells and fibers, which muscle stem cells have to withstand in order to regenerate the muscle. We show here that MET and CXCR4 cooperate to protect muscle stem cells against the adverse environment encountered during muscle repair. This powerful cyto-protective role was revealed by the genetic ablation of Met and Cxcr4 in muscle stem cells of mice, which resulted in severe apoptosis during early stages of regeneration. TNFα neutralizing antibodies rescued the apoptosis, indicating that TNFα provides crucial cell-death signals during muscle repair that are counteracted by MET and CXCR4. We conclude that muscle stem cells require MET and CXCR4 to protect them against the harsh inflammatory environment encountered in an acute muscle injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Lahmann
- Neurowissenschaftliches Forschungzentrum, NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Developmental Biology/Signal Transduction Group, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Society, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joscha Griger
- Developmental Biology/Signal Transduction Group, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Society, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jie-Shin Chen
- Developmental Biology/Signal Transduction Group, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Society, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yao Zhang
- Developmental Biology/Signal Transduction Group, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Society, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Schuelke
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carmen Birchmeier
- Neurowissenschaftliches Forschungzentrum, NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Developmental Biology/Signal Transduction Group, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Society, Berlin, Germany
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11
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Grace PS, Dolatshahi S, Lu LL, Cain A, Palmieri F, Petrone L, Fortune SM, Ottenhoff THM, Lauffenburger DA, Goletti D, Joosten SA, Alter G. Antibody Subclass and Glycosylation Shift Following Effective TB Treatment. Front Immunol 2021; 12:679973. [PMID: 34290702 PMCID: PMC8287567 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.679973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With an estimated 25% of the global population infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading cause of death by infectious diseases. Humoral immunity following TB treatment is largely uncharacterized, and antibody profiling could provide insights into disease resolution. Here we focused on the distinctive TB-specific serum antibody features in active TB disease (ATB) and compared them with latent TB infection (LTBI) or treated ATB (txATB). As expected, di-galactosylated glycan structures (lacking sialic acid) found on IgG-Fc differentiated LTBI from ATB, but also discriminated txATB from ATB. Moreover, TB-specific IgG4 emerged as a novel antibody feature that correlated with active disease, elevated in ATB, but significantly diminished after therapy. These findings highlight 2 novel TB-specific antibody changes that track with the resolution of TB and may provide key insights to guide TB therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia S. Grace
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sepideh Dolatshahi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Lenette L. Lu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Adam Cain
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Fabrizio Palmieri
- Clinical Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases (INMI), IRCCS L. Spallanzani, Rome, Italy
| | - Linda Petrone
- Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS (INMI) L. Spallanzani, Rome, Italy
| | - Sarah M. Fortune
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Tom H. M. Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Disease, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Douglas A. Lauffenburger
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Delia Goletti
- Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS (INMI) L. Spallanzani, Rome, Italy
| | - Simone A. Joosten
- Department of Infectious Disease, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
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12
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Starchenko A, Graves-Deal R, Brubaker D, Li C, Yang Y, Singh B, Coffey RJ, Lauffenburger DA. Cell surface integrin α5ß1 clustering negatively regulates receptor tyrosine kinase signaling in colorectal cancer cells via glycogen synthase kinase 3. Integr Biol (Camb) 2021; 13:153-166. [PMID: 34037774 PMCID: PMC8204629 DOI: 10.1093/intbio/zyab009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
As a key process within the tissue microenvironment, integrin signaling can influence cell functional responses to growth factor stimuli. We show here that clustering of integrin α5ß1 at the plasma membrane of colorectal cancer-derived epithelial cells modulates their ability to respond to stimulation by receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)-activating growth factors EGF, NRG and HGF, through GSK3-mediated suppression of Akt pathway. We observed that integrin α5ß1 is lost from the membrane of poorly organized human colorectal tumors and that treatment with the integrin-clustering antibody P4G11 is sufficient to induce polarity in a mouse tumor xenograft model. While adding RTK growth factors (EGF, NRG and HGF) to polarized colorectal cancer cells induced invasion and loss of monolayer formation in 2D and 3D, this pathological behavior could be blocked by P4G11. Phosphorylation of ErbB family members as well as MET following EGF, NRG and HGF treatment was diminished in cells pretreated with P4G11. Focusing on EGFR, we found that blockade of integrin α5ß1 increased EGFR phosphorylation. Since activity of multiple downstream kinase pathways were altered by these various treatments, we employed computational machine learning techniques to ascertain the most important effects. Partial least-squares discriminant analysis identified GSK3 as a major regulator of EGFR pathway activities influenced by integrin α5ß1. Moreover, we used partial correlation analysis to examine signaling pathway crosstalk downstream of EGF stimulation and found that integrin α5ß1 acts as a negative regulator of the AKT signaling cascade downstream of EGFR, with GSK3 acting as a key mediator. We experimentally validated these computational inferences by confirming that blockade of GSK3 activity is sufficient to induce loss of polarity and increase of oncogenic signaling in the colonic epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Starchenko
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biological Engineering, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ramona Graves-Deal
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Douglas Brubaker
- Purdue University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Cunxi Li
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Yuping Yang
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Bhuminder Singh
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Robert J Coffey
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Douglas A Lauffenburger
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biological Engineering, Cambridge, MA, USA
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13
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Fischinger S, Dolatshahi S, Jennewein MF, Rerks-Ngarm S, Pitisuttithum P, Nitayaphan S, Michael N, Vasan S, Ackerman ME, Streeck H, Alter G. IgG3 collaborates with IgG1 and IgA to recruit effector function in RV144 vaccinees. JCI Insight 2020; 5:140925. [PMID: 33031099 PMCID: PMC7710302 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.140925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
While the RV144 HIV vaccine trial led to moderately reduced risk of HIV acquisition, emerging data from the HVTN702 trial point to the critical need to reexamine RV144-based correlates of reduced risk of protection. While in RV144, the induction of V2-binding, non-IgA, IgG3 antibody responses with nonneutralizing functions were linked to reduced risk of infection, the interactions between these signatures remain unclear. Thus, here we comprehensively profile the humoral immune response in 300 RV144 vaccinees to decipher the relationships between humoral biomarkers of protection. We found that vaccine-specific IgG1, IgG3, and IgA were highly correlated. However, ratios of IgG1:IgG3:IgA provided insights into subclass/isotype polyclonal functional regulation. For instance, in the absence of high IgG1 levels, IgG3 antibodies exhibited limited functional activity, pointing to IgG3 as a critical contributor, but not sole driver, of effective antiviral humoral immunity. Higher IgA levels were linked to enhanced antibody effector function, including neutrophil phagocytosis (ADNP), complement deposition (ADCD), and antibody-dependent NK degranulation (CD107a), some of which were increased in infected vaccinees in a case/control data set, suggesting that IgA-driven functions compromised immunity. These data highlight the interplay between IgG1, IgG3, and IgA, pointing to the need to profile the relationships between subclass/isotype selection. The induction of V2-binding, non-IgA, IgG3 antibody responses with non-neutralizing functions were linked to reduced risk of infection in RV144 vaccinees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Fischinger
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,PhD Program of Virology and Immunology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sandhya Vasan
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Margaret E Ackerman
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Hendrik Streeck
- Institute of Virology, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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14
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Atyeo C, Fischinger S, Zohar T, Slein MD, Burke J, Loos C, McCulloch DJ, Newman KL, Wolf C, Yu J, Shuey K, Feldman J, Hauser BM, Caradonna T, Schmidt AG, Suscovich TJ, Linde C, Cai Y, Barouch D, Ryan ET, Charles RC, Lauffenburger D, Chu H, Alter G. Distinct Early Serological Signatures Track with SARS-CoV-2 Survival. Immunity 2020; 53:524-532.e4. [PMID: 32783920 PMCID: PMC7392190 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
As SARS-CoV-2 infections and death counts continue to rise, it remains unclear why some individuals recover from infection, whereas others rapidly progress and die. Although the immunological mechanisms that underlie different clinical trajectories remain poorly defined, pathogen-specific antibodies often point to immunological mechanisms of protection. Here, we profiled SARS-CoV-2-specific humoral responses in a cohort of 22 hospitalized individuals. Despite inter-individual heterogeneity, distinct antibody signatures resolved individuals with different outcomes. Although no differences in SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG levels were observed, spike-specific humoral responses were enriched among convalescent individuals, whereas functional antibody responses to the nucleocapsid were elevated in deceased individuals. Furthermore, this enriched immunodominant spike-specific antibody profile in convalescents was confirmed in a larger validation cohort. These results demonstrate that early antigen-specific and qualitative features of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies point to differences in disease trajectory, highlighting the potential importance of functional antigen-specific humoral immunity to guide patient care and vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Atyeo
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; PhD Program in Virology, Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephanie Fischinger
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; PhD Program in Immunology and Virology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Tomer Zohar
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Matthew D Slein
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - John Burke
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Carolin Loos
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Kira L Newman
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Caitlin Wolf
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jingyou Yu
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Kiel Shuey
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jared Feldman
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Tim Caradonna
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Aaron G Schmidt
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Yongfei Cai
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dan Barouch
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Edward T Ryan
- Infectious Disease Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richelle C Charles
- Infectious Disease Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Douglas Lauffenburger
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Helen Chu
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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15
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Norman KC, O'Dwyer DN, Salisbury ML, DiLillo KM, Lama VN, Xia M, Gurczynski SJ, White ES, Flaherty KR, Martinez FJ, Murray S, Moore BB, Arnold KB. Identification of a unique temporal signature in blood and BAL associated with IPF progression. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12049. [PMID: 32694604 PMCID: PMC7374599 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67956-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and heterogeneous interstitial lung disease of unknown origin with a low survival rate. There are few treatment options available due to the fact that mechanisms underlying disease progression are not well understood, likely because they arise from dysregulation of complex signaling networks spanning multiple tissue compartments. To better characterize these networks, we used systems-focused data-driven modeling approaches to identify cross-tissue compartment (blood and bronchoalveolar lavage) and temporal proteomic signatures that differentiated IPF progressors and non-progressors. Partial least squares discriminant analysis identified a signature of 54 baseline (week 0) blood and lung proteins that differentiated IPF progression status by the end of 80 weeks of follow-up with 100% cross-validation accuracy. Overall we observed heterogeneous protein expression patterns in progressors compared to more homogenous signatures in non-progressors, and found that non-progressors were enriched for proteomic processes involving regulation of the immune/defense response. We also identified a temporal signature of blood proteins that was significantly different at early and late progressor time points (p < 0.0001), but not present in non-progressors. Overall, this approach can be used to generate new hypothesis for mechanisms associated with IPF progression and could readily be translated to other complex and heterogeneous diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katy C Norman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109 , USA
| | - David N O'Dwyer
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Margaret L Salisbury
- Division of Allergy, Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Katarina M DiLillo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109 , USA
| | - Vibha N Lama
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Meng Xia
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Stephen J Gurczynski
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Eric S White
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kevin R Flaherty
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Fernando J Martinez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Weill Cornell School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Susan Murray
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Bethany B Moore
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kelly B Arnold
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109 , USA.
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16
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Fischinger S, Shin S, Boudreau CM, Ackerman M, Rerks-Ngarm S, Pitisuttithum P, Nitayaphan S, Kim JH, Robb ML, Michael NL, O’Connell RJ, Vasan S, Streeck H, Alter G. Protein-based, but not viral vector alone, HIV vaccine boosting drives an IgG1-biased polyfunctional humoral immune response. JCI Insight 2020; 5:135057. [PMID: 32554928 PMCID: PMC7406243 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.135057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The RV144 HIV-1 vaccine trial results showed moderate reduction in viral infections among vaccinees as well as induction of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and vaccine-specific IgG and IgG3 responses directed at variable loop regions 1 and 2 of the HIV envelope protein. However, with the recent failure of the HVTN 702 clinical trial, comprehensive profiling of humoral immune responses may provide insight for these disappointing results. One of the changes included in the HVTN 702 study was the addition of a late boost, aimed at augmenting peak immunity and durability. The companion vaccine trial RV305 was designed to permit the evaluation of the immunologic impact of late boosting with either the boosting protein antigen alone, the canarypox viral vector ALVAC alone, or a combination of both. Although previous data showed elevated levels of IgG antibodies in both boosting arms, regardless of ALVAC-HIV vector incorporation, the effect on shaping antibody effector function remains unclear. Thus, here we analyzed the antibody and functional profile induced by RV305 boosting regimens and found that although IgG1 levels increased in both arms that included protein boosting, IgG3 levels were reduced compared with the original RV144 vaccine strategy. Most functional responses increased upon protein boosting, regardless of the viral vector-priming agent incorporation. These data suggest that the addition of a late protein boost alone is sufficient to increase functionally potent vaccine-specific antibodies previously associated with reduced risk of infection with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Fischinger
- Ragon Institute of MGH, Harvard and MGH, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Institut für HIV Forschung, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sally Shin
- Ragon Institute of MGH, Harvard and MGH, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Carolyn M. Boudreau
- Ragon Institute of MGH, Harvard and MGH, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- PhD Program in Virology, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Margaret Ackerman
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | | | - Punnee Pitisuttithum
- Vaccine Trial Centre, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | - Merlin L. Robb
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Nelson L. Michael
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert J. O’Connell
- Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Sandhya Vasan
- Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Hendrik Streeck
- Institut für HIV Forschung, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Institute of Virology, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, Harvard and MGH, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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17
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Caulk AW, Janes KA. Robust latent-variable interpretation of in vivo regression models by nested resampling. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19671. [PMID: 31873087 PMCID: PMC6928252 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55796-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple multilinear methods, such as partial least squares regression (PLSR), are effective at interrelating dynamic, multivariate datasets of cell-molecular biology through high-dimensional arrays. However, data collected in vivo are more difficult, because animal-to-animal variability is often high, and each time-point measured is usually a terminal endpoint for that animal. Observations are further complicated by the nesting of cells within tissues or tissue sections, which themselves are nested within animals. Here, we introduce principled resampling strategies that preserve the tissue-animal hierarchy of individual replicates and compute the uncertainty of multidimensional decompositions applied to global averages. Using molecular-phenotypic data from the mouse aorta and colon, we find that interpretation of decomposed latent variables (LVs) changes when PLSR models are resampled. Lagging LVs, which statistically improve global-average models, are unstable in resampled iterations that preserve nesting relationships, arguing that these LVs should not be mined for biological insight. Interestingly, resampling is less discriminatory for multidimensional regressions of in vitro data, where replicate-to-replicate variance is sufficiently low. Our work illustrates the challenges and opportunities in translating systems-biology approaches from cultured cells to living organisms. Nested resampling adds a straightforward quality-control step for interpreting the robustness of in vivo regression models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander W Caulk
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Kevin A Janes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
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18
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Salvucci M, Zakaria Z, Carberry S, Tivnan A, Seifert V, Kögel D, Murphy BM, Prehn JHM. System-based approaches as prognostic tools for glioblastoma. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:1092. [PMID: 31718568 PMCID: PMC6852738 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6280-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The evasion of apoptosis is a hallmark of cancer. Understanding this process holistically and overcoming apoptosis resistance is a goal of many research teams in order to develop better treatment options for cancer patients. Efforts are also ongoing to personalize the treatment of patients. Strategies to confirm the therapeutic efficacy of current treatments or indeed to identify potential novel additional options would be extremely beneficial to both clinicians and patients. In the past few years, system medicine approaches have been developed that model the biochemical pathways of apoptosis. These systems tools incorporate and analyse the complex biological networks involved. For their successful integration into clinical practice, it is mandatory to integrate systems approaches with routine clinical and histopathological practice to deliver personalized care for patients. RESULTS We review here the development of system medicine approaches that model apoptosis for the treatment of cancer with a specific emphasis on the aggressive brain cancer, glioblastoma. CONCLUSIONS We discuss the current understanding in the field and present new approaches that highlight the potential of system medicine approaches to influence how glioblastoma is diagnosed and treated in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Salvucci
- Centre for Systems Medicine, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen’s Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Zaitun Zakaria
- Centre for Systems Medicine, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen’s Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Steven Carberry
- Centre for Systems Medicine, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen’s Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Amanda Tivnan
- Centre for Systems Medicine, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen’s Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Volker Seifert
- Department of Neurosurgery, Frankfurt University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Donat Kögel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Frankfurt University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Brona M. Murphy
- Centre for Systems Medicine, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen’s Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Jochen H. M. Prehn
- Centre for Systems Medicine, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen’s Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
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19
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Fatty Acid Metabolites Combine with Reduced β Oxidation to Activate Th17 Inflammation in Human Type 2 Diabetes. Cell Metab 2019; 30:447-461.e5. [PMID: 31378464 PMCID: PMC8506657 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mechanisms that regulate metabolites and downstream energy generation are key determinants of T cell cytokine production, but the processes underlying the Th17 profile that predicts the metabolic status of people with obesity are untested. Th17 function requires fatty acid uptake, and our new data show that blockade of CPT1A inhibits Th17-associated cytokine production by cells from people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). A low CACT:CPT1A ratio in immune cells from T2D subjects indicates altered mitochondrial function and coincides with the preference of these cells to generate ATP through glycolysis rather than fatty acid oxidation. However, glycolysis was not critical for Th17 cytokines. Instead, β oxidation blockade or CACT knockdown in T cells from lean subjects to mimic characteristics of T2D causes cells to utilize 16C-fatty acylcarnitine to support Th17 cytokines. These data show long-chain acylcarnitine combines with compromised β oxidation to promote disease-predictive inflammation in human T2D.
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20
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Jennewein MF, Goldfarb I, Dolatshahi S, Cosgrove C, Noelette FJ, Krykbaeva M, Das J, Sarkar A, Gorman MJ, Fischinger S, Boudreau CM, Brown J, Cooperrider JH, Aneja J, Suscovich TJ, Graham BS, Lauer GM, Goetghebuer T, Marchant A, Lauffenburger D, Kim AY, Riley LE, Alter G. Fc Glycan-Mediated Regulation of Placental Antibody Transfer. Cell 2019; 178:202-215.e14. [PMID: 31204102 PMCID: PMC6741440 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite the worldwide success of vaccination, newborns remain vulnerable to infections. While neonatal vaccination has been hampered by maternal antibody-mediated dampening of immune responses, enhanced regulatory and tolerogenic mechanisms, and immune system immaturity, maternal pre-natal immunization aims to boost neonatal immunity via antibody transfer to the fetus. However, emerging data suggest that antibodies are not transferred equally across the placenta. To understand this, we used systems serology to define Fc features associated with antibody transfer. The Fc-profile of neonatal and maternal antibodies differed, skewed toward natural killer (NK) cell-activating antibodies. This selective transfer was linked to digalactosylated Fc-glycans that selectively bind FcRn and FCGR3A, resulting in transfer of antibodies able to efficiently leverage innate immune cells present at birth. Given emerging data that vaccination may direct antibody glycosylation, our study provides insights for the development of next-generation maternal vaccines designed to elicit antibodies that will most effectively aid neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ilona Goldfarb
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Sepideh Dolatshahi
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Cormac Cosgrove
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Marina Krykbaeva
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jishnu Das
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Aniruddh Sarkar
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Matthew J Gorman
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | | | - Joelle Brown
- Gastroenterology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | | | - Jasneet Aneja
- Gastroenterology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Todd J Suscovich
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Barney S Graham
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Georg M Lauer
- Gastroenterology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Tessa Goetghebuer
- Department of Pediatrics, Hôpital Saint-Pierre, Brussels 1000, Belgium
| | - Arnaud Marchant
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Charleroi 6041, Belgium
| | - Douglas Lauffenburger
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; MIT Center for Gynepathology Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Arthur Y Kim
- Division of Infectious Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Laura E Riley
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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21
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Norman KC, Freeman CM, Bidthanapally NS, Han MK, Martinez FJ, Curtis JL, Arnold KB. Inference of Cellular Immune Environments in Sputum and Peripheral Blood Associated with Acute Exacerbations of COPD. Cell Mol Bioeng 2019; 12:165-177. [PMID: 31719907 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-019-00567-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the fourth leading cause of death in the United States, with high associated costs. Most of the cost burden results from acute exacerbations of COPD (AE-COPD), events associated with heightened symptoms and mortality. Cellular mechanisms underlying AE-COPD are poorly understood, likely because they arise from dysregulation of complex immune networks across multiple tissue compartments. Methods To gain systems-level insight into cellular environments relevant to exacerbation, we applied data-driven modeling approaches to measurements of immune factors (cytokines and flow cytometry) measured previously in two different human tissue environments (sputum and peripheral blood) during the stable and exacerbated state. Results Using partial least squares discriminant analysis, we identified a unique signature of cytokines in serum that differentiated stable and AE-COPD better than individual measurements. Furthermore, we found that models integrating data across tissue compartments (serum and sputum) trended towards being more accurate. The resulting paracrine signature defining AE-COPD events combined elevations of proteins associated with cell adhesion (sVCAM-1, sICAM-1) and increased levels of neutrophils and dendritic cells in blood with elevated chemoattractants (IP-10 and MCP-2) in sputum. Conclusions Our results supported a new hypothesis that AE-COPD is driven by immune cell trafficking into the lung, which requires expression of cell adhesion molecules and raised levels of innate immune cells in blood, with parallel upregulated expression of specific chemokines in pulmonary tissue. Overall, this work serves as a proof-of-concept for using data-driven modeling approaches to generate new insights into cellular processes involved in complex pulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katy C Norman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Christine M Freeman
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.,Research Service, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA.,Graduate Program in Immunology, Rackham Graduate School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Neha S Bidthanapally
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - MeiLan K Han
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Fernando J Martinez
- Joan & Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Jeffrey L Curtis
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.,Graduate Program in Immunology, Rackham Graduate School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.,Medicine Service, Pulmonary & Critical Care Section, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA
| | - Kelly B Arnold
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
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22
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Parker A, Vaux L, Patterson AM, Modasia A, Muraro D, Fletcher AG, Byrne HM, Maini PK, Watson AJM, Pin C. Elevated apoptosis impairs epithelial cell turnover and shortens villi in TNF-driven intestinal inflammation. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:108. [PMID: 30728350 PMCID: PMC6365534 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1275-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal epithelial monolayer, at the boundary between microbes and the host immune system, plays an important role in the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), particularly as a target and producer of pro-inflammatory TNF. Chronic overexpression of TNF leads to IBD-like pathology over time, but the mechanisms driving early pathogenesis events are not clear. We studied the epithelial response to inflammation by combining mathematical models with in vivo experimental models resembling acute and chronic TNF-mediated injury. We found significant villus atrophy with increased epithelial cell death along the crypt-villus axis, most dramatically at the villus tips, in both acute and chronic inflammation. In the acute model, we observed overexpression of TNF receptor I in the villus tip rapidly after TNF injection and concurrent with elevated levels of intracellular TNF and rapid shedding at the tip. In the chronic model, sustained villus atrophy was accompanied by a reduction in absolute epithelial cell turnover. Mathematical modelling demonstrated that increased cell apoptosis on the villus body explains the reduction in epithelial cell turnover along the crypt-villus axis observed in chronic inflammation. Cell destruction in the villus was not accompanied by changes in proliferative cell number or division rate within the crypt. Epithelial morphology and immunological changes in the chronic setting suggest a repair response to cell damage although the villus length is not recovered. A better understanding of how this state is further destabilised and results in clinical pathology resembling IBD will help identify suitable pathways for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimée Parker
- Gut Health and Food Safety Research Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Vaux
- Gut Health and Food Safety Research Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Angela M Patterson
- Gut Health and Food Safety Research Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Amisha Modasia
- Gut Health and Food Safety Research Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | | | - Alexander G Fletcher
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.,Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Helen M Byrne
- Wolfson Centre for Mathematical Biology, Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Philip K Maini
- Wolfson Centre for Mathematical Biology, Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Carmen Pin
- Gut Health and Food Safety Research Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom. .,Drug Safety and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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23
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Belkina AC, Starchenko A, Drake KA, Proctor EA, Pihl RMF, Olson A, Lauffenburger DA, Lin N, Snyder-Cappione JE. Multivariate Computational Analysis of Gamma Delta T Cell Inhibitory Receptor Signatures Reveals the Divergence of Healthy and ART-Suppressed HIV+ Aging. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2783. [PMID: 30568654 PMCID: PMC6290897 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Even with effective viral control, HIV-infected individuals are at a higher risk for morbidities associated with older age than the general population, and these serious non-AIDS events (SNAEs) track with plasma inflammatory and coagulation markers. The cell subsets driving inflammation in aviremic HIV infection are not yet elucidated. Also, whether ART-suppressed HIV infection causes premature induction of the inflammatory events found in uninfected elderly or if a novel inflammatory network ensues when HIV and older age co-exist is unclear. In this study we measured combinational expression of five inhibitory receptors (IRs) on seven immune cell subsets and 16 plasma markers from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and plasma samples, respectively, from a HIV and Aging cohort comprised of ART-suppressed HIV-infected and uninfected controls stratified by age (≤35 or ≥50 years old). For data analysis, multiple multivariate computational algorithms [cluster identification, characterization, and regression (CITRUS), partial least squares regression (PLSR), and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA)] were used to determine if immune parameter disparities can distinguish the subject groups and to investigate if there is a cross-impact of aviremic HIV and age on immune signatures. IR expression on gamma delta (γδ) T cells exclusively separated HIV+ subjects from controls in CITRUS analyses and secretion of inflammatory cytokines and cytotoxic mediators from γδ T cells tracked with TIGIT expression among HIV+ subjects. Also, plasma markers predicted the percentages of TIGIT+ γδ T cells in subjects with and without HIV in PSLR models, and a PLS-DA model of γδ T cell IR signatures and plasma markers significantly stratified all four of the subject groups (uninfected younger, uninfected older, HIV+ younger, and HIV+ older). These data implicate γδ T cells as an inflammatory driver in ART-suppressed HIV infection and provide evidence of distinct “inflamm-aging” processes with and without ART-suppressed HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C Belkina
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Alina Starchenko
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | | | - Elizabeth A Proctor
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Riley M F Pihl
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Alex Olson
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Douglas A Lauffenburger
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Nina Lin
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jennifer E Snyder-Cappione
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
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24
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Route of immunization defines multiple mechanisms of vaccine-mediated protection against SIV. Nat Med 2018; 24:1590-1598. [PMID: 30177821 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-018-0161-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies are the primary correlate of protection for most licensed vaccines; however, their mechanisms of protection may vary, ranging from physical blockade to clearance via the recruitment of innate immunity. Here, we uncover striking functional diversity in vaccine-induced antibodies that is driven by immunization site and is associated with reduced risk of SIV infection in nonhuman primates. While equivalent levels of protection were observed following intramuscular (IM) and aerosol (AE) immunization with an otherwise identical DNA prime-Ad5 boost regimen, reduced risk of infection was associated with IgG-driven antibody-dependent monocyte-mediated phagocytosis in the IM vaccinees, but with vaccine-elicited IgA-driven neutrophil-mediated phagocytosis in AE-immunized animals. Thus, although route-independent correlates indicate a critical role for phagocytic Fc-effector activity in protection from SIV, the site of immunization may drive this Fc activity via distinct innate effector cells and antibody isotypes. Moreover, the same correlates predicted protection from SHIV infection in a second nonhuman primate vaccine trial using a disparate IM canarypox prime-protein boost strategy, analogous to that used in the first moderately protective human HIV vaccine trial. These data identify orthogonal functional humoral mechanisms, initiated by distinct vaccination routes and immunization strategies, pointing to multiple, potentially complementary correlates of immunity that may support the rational design of a protective vaccine against HIV.
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25
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Synergy of Paracrine Signaling During Early-Stage Mouse Ovarian Follicle Development In Vitro. Cell Mol Bioeng 2018; 11:435-450. [PMID: 31719893 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-018-0545-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Paracrine signals, such as soluble cytokines and extracellular matrix cues, are essential for the survival and development of multicellular ovarian follicles. While it is well established that hydrogel-based culture systems successfully support the growth of late-stage follicles for fertility preservation, growing small, early-stage ovarian follicles still proves to be challenging. We hypothesized that paracrine factors secreted from neighboring follicles may be crucial for improving the survival of early-stage follicles in vitro. Methods To test our hypothesis, we investigated the bi-directional crosstalk of the paracrine signals, such as cell-secreted cytokines, sex hormones and transcription factors (TFs), in follicles encapsulated and cultured for 12 days in alginate in groups of five (5×) and ten (10×). Results The differential profiles of TF activity and secretome during folliculogenesis were analyzed using TRanscriptional Activity CEllular aRray (TRACER) and data-driven multivariate modeling approach. The mechano- and oxygen-responsive TFs, NF-κB and HIF1, exhibited a unique upregulation signature in 10× follicles. Consistently, levels of proangiogenic factors, such as VEGF-A and angiopoietin-2, were significantly higher in 10× follicles than those in 5× follicles, reaching 269.77 and 242.82 pg/mL on the last day of culture. The analysis of TRACER and secreted cytokines also revealed critical early interactions between cytokines and TFs, correlating with the observed phenotypical and functional differences between conditions. Conclusions We identified unique signatures of synergism during successful early-stage ovarian follicle development. These findings bring us closer to understanding of mechanisms underlying the downstream effects of interactions between the extracellular microenvironment and early-stage folliculogenesis in vitro.
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26
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Huang Z, Liu H, Zhang X, Wen G, Zhu C, Zhao Y, Niu W, Qin Y, Chen H, Bai C, Liu G. Transcriptomic analysis of lung tissues after hUC-MSCs and FTY720 treatment of lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in mouse models. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 63:26-34. [PMID: 30064040 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) refer to acute and progressive hypoxic respiratory failure caused by non-cardiogenic factors, which is a common condition occurring in critically ill patients with widespread pulmonary inflammation. Use of a single medication or target cannot treat ALI/ARDS. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and FTY720, as an analogue of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), can mitigate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory lung injury. In this investigation, the clinical efficacy of MSCs alone, FTY720 alone, and a MSC and FTY720 combination in the treatment of LPS-induced lung injury was evaluated in mouse models. The experimental results demonstrated that both MSCs and FTY720 alleviate lung injuries in mice. The combined application of MSCs and FTY720 yielded higher clinical efficacy in mitigating lung injuries compared with use of MSCs or FTY720 alone. Transcriptomic analysis was performed using an Agilent gene expression chip. By analyzing the differences in gene expression of lung tissues between treated and non-treated ALI/ARDS mice, Gene Ontology and Pathway terms related to ALI/ARDS treatment were identified. Moreover, the target genes which might play a pivotal role in the treatment of ALI/ARDS were also detected, thus providing a theoretical basis for multi-target or multi-drug combined treatment of ALI/ARDS and lay a solid foundation for clinical treatment of ALI/ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Huang
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, People's Republic of China; Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiying Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Diseases, 307 Hospital of PLA, Beijing, 100071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, People's Republic of China; Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoxia Wen
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, People's Republic of China; Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Zhu
- Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanbin Zhao
- Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenkai Niu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Diseases, 307 Hospital of PLA, Beijing, 100071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhong Qin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Diseases, 307 Hospital of PLA, Beijing, 100071, People's Republic of China
| | - Huipeng Chen
- Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Changqing Bai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Diseases, 307 Hospital of PLA, Beijing, 100071, People's Republic of China.
| | - Gang Liu
- Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China.
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27
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Lyons J, Ghazi PC, Starchenko A, Tovaglieri A, Baldwin KR, Poulin EJ, Gierut JJ, Genetti C, Yajnik V, Breault DT, Lauffenburger DA, Haigis KM. The colonic epithelium plays an active role in promoting colitis by shaping the tissue cytokine profile. PLoS Biol 2018; 16:e2002417. [PMID: 29596476 PMCID: PMC5892915 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2002417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic condition driven by loss of homeostasis between the mucosal immune system, the commensal gut microbiota, and the intestinal epithelium. Our goal is to understand how these components of the intestinal ecosystem cooperate to control homeostasis. By combining quantitative measures of epithelial hyperplasia and immune infiltration with multivariate analysis of inter- and intracellular signaling, we identified epithelial mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling as a potential driver of inflammation in a mouse model of colitis. A kinetic analysis of mTOR inhibition revealed that the pathway regulates epithelial differentiation, which in turn controls the cytokine milieu of the colon. Consistent with our in vivo analysis, we found that cytokine expression of organoids grown ex vivo, in the absence of bacteria and immune cells, was dependent on differentiation state. Our study suggests that proper differentiation of epithelial cells is an important feature of colonic homeostasis because of its effect on the secretion of inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Lyons
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Phaedra C. Ghazi
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Alina Starchenko
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Alessio Tovaglieri
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Katherine R. Baldwin
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Emily J. Poulin
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jessica J. Gierut
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Casie Genetti
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Vijay Yajnik
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - David T. Breault
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Digestive Disease Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Douglas A. Lauffenburger
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kevin M. Haigis
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Digestive Disease Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Starchenko A, Lauffenburger DA. In vivo systems biology approaches to chronic immune/inflammatory pathophysiology. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2018; 52:9-16. [PMID: 29494996 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Systems biology offers an emphasis on integrative computational analysis of complex multi-component processes to enhance capability for predictive insights concerning operation of those processes. The immune system represents a prominent arena in which such processes are manifested for vital roles in physiology and pathology, encompassing dozens of cell types and hundreds of reciprocal interactions. Chronic, debilitating pathologies involving immune system dysregulation have become recognized as increasing in incidence over recent decades. While clinical consequences of immune dysregulation in such pathologies are well characterized, treatment options remain limited and focus on ameliorating symptoms. Because it is difficult to recapitulate more than a severely limited facet of the immune system in vitro, application of systems biology approaches to autoimmune and inflammatory pathophysiology in vivo has opened a new door toward discerning disease sub-groups and developing associated stratification strategies for patient treatment. In particular, early instances of these approaches have demonstrated advances in uncovering previously under-appreciated dysregulation of signaling networks between immune system and tissue cells, raising promise for improving upon current therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Starchenko
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Douglas A Lauffenburger
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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29
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Dugast AS, Arnold K, Lofano G, Moore S, Hoffner M, Simek M, Poignard P, Seaman M, Suscovich TJ, Pereyra F, Walker BD, Lauffenburger D, Kwon DS, Keele BF, Alter G. Virus-driven Inflammation Is Associated With the Development of bNAbs in Spontaneous Controllers of HIV. Clin Infect Dis 2017; 64:1098-1104. [PMID: 28158448 DOI: 10.1093/cid/cix057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Understanding the mechanism(s) by which broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) emerge naturally following infection is crucial for the development of a protective vaccine against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Although previous studies have implicated high viremia and associated immune activation as potential drivers for the development of bNAbs, here we sought to unlink the effect of these 2 parameters by evaluating the key inflammatory predictors of bNAb development in HIV-infected individuals who spontaneously control HIV in the absence of antiretroviral therapy ("controllers"). Methods The breadth of antibody-mediated neutralization against 11 tier 2 or 3 viruses was assessed in 163 clade B spontaneous controllers of HIV. Plasma levels of 17 cytokines were screened in the same set of subjects. The relationship of the inflammatory signature was assessed in the context of viral blips or viral RNA levels in peripheral blood or gastrointestinal biopsies from aviremic controllers (<50 copies RNA/mL) and in the context of viral sequence diversity analysis in the plasma of viremic controllers (<50-2000 copies RNA/mL). Results A unique inflammatory profile, including high plasma levels of CXCL13, sCD40L, IP10, RANTES, and TNFα, was observed in HIV controllers who developed bNAbs. Interestingly, viral load and tissue viremia, but not intermittent viral blips, were associated with these cytokine profiles. However, viral diversity was not significantly associated with increased breadth in controllers. Conclusion These results suggest that low antigenic diversity in the setting of a unique inflammatory profile associated with antigen persistence may be linked to the evolution of neutralizing antibody breadth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sophie Dugast
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kelly Arnold
- Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Giuseppe Lofano
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sarah Moore
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Michelle Hoffner
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Melissa Simek
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Pascal Poignard
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA.,Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, CA, USA.,International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New York, USA
| | - Michael Seaman
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Todd J Suscovich
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Florencia Pereyra
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Bruce D Walker
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA
| | - Doug Lauffenburger
- Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Douglas S Kwon
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Brandon F Keele
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc. Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
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30
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Li W, Xu J, Zhao J, Zhang R. Oxaliplatin and Infliximab Combination Synergizes in Inducing Colon Cancer Regression. Med Sci Monit 2017; 23:780-789. [PMID: 28190020 PMCID: PMC5319445 DOI: 10.12659/msm.901880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colon cancer is one of the most common malignant cancers and causes millions of deaths each year. There are still no effective treatments for colon cancer patients who are at advanced stage. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) might be a good therapy target due to its widely-accepted roles in regulating multiple important biological processes, especially in promoting inflammation. MATERIAL AND METHODS We evaluated the expression of TNF-α in 108 human colon cancer tissue samples and 2 colon cancer cell lines (CT26 and HCT116), and analyzed its prognostic values. Further, we explored the roles and mechanism of anti-TNF-α treatment in combination with chemotherapy in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS We found that TNF-α was highly expressed in colon cancer cell lines. The survival analysis and Cox regression analysis indicated that high TNF-α was an independent adverse prognosticator of colon cancer. In addition, anti-TNF-α treatment enhanced the effects of chemotherapy in the xenograft mouse model through inducing ADCC and CDC effects. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that TNF-α is an independent adverse prognosticator of colon cancer, and anti-TNF-α might benefit colon cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenya Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University (Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute), Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University (Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute), Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University (Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute), Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University (Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute), Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
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Increased frequencies of CD8 +CD57 + T cells are associated with antibody neutralization breadth against HIV in viraemic controllers. J Int AIDS Soc 2016; 19:21136. [PMID: 27938646 PMCID: PMC5149708 DOI: 10.7448/ias.19.1.21136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Revised: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction An effective prophylactic vaccine against HIV will need to elicit antibody responses capable of recognizing and neutralizing rapidly evolving antigenic regions. The immunologic milieu associated with development of neutralizing antibody breadth remains to be fully defined. In this study, we sought to identify immunological signatures associated with neutralization breadth in HIV controllers. We applied an immune monitoring approach to analyze markers of T cell and myeloid cell activation by flow cytometry, comparing broad neutralizers with low- and non-neutralizers using multivariate and univariate analyses. Methods Antibody neutralization breadth was determined, and cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stained for T cell and myeloid cell activation markers. Subjects were grouped according to neutralization breadth, and T cell and myeloid cell activation was analyzed by partial least squares discriminant analysis to determine immune signatures associated with high neutralization breadth. Results We show that neutralization breadth in HIV viraemic controllers (VC) was strongly associated with increased frequencies of CD8+CD57+ T cells and that this association was independent of viral load, CD4 count and time since HIV diagnosis. Conclusions Our data show elevated frequencies of CD8+CD57+ T cells in VC who develop neutralization breadth against HIV. This immune signature could serve as a potential biomarker of neutralization breadth and should be further investigated in other HIV-positive cohorts and in HIV vaccine trials.
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32
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Byrareddy SN, Arthos J, Cicala C, Villinger F, Ortiz KT, Little D, Sidell N, Kane MA, Yu J, Jones JW, Santangelo PJ, Zurla C, McKinnon LR, Arnold KB, Woody CE, Walter L, Roos C, Noll A, Van Ryk D, Jelicic K, Cimbro R, Gumber S, Reid MD, Adsay V, Amancha PK, Mayne AE, Parslow TG, Fauci AS, Ansari AA. Sustained virologic control in SIV+ macaques after antiretroviral and α4β7 antibody therapy. Science 2016; 354:197-202. [PMID: 27738167 PMCID: PMC5405455 DOI: 10.1126/science.aag1276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Antiretroviral drug therapy (ART) effectively suppresses replication of both the immunodeficiency viruses, human (HIV) and simian (SIV); however, virus rebounds soon after ART is withdrawn. SIV-infected monkeys were treated with a 90-day course of ART initiated at 5 weeks post infection followed at 9 weeks post infection by infusions of a primatized monoclonal antibody against the α4β7 integrin administered every 3 weeks until week 32. These animals subsequently maintained low to undetectable viral loads and normal CD4+ T cell counts in plasma and gastrointestinal tissues for more than 9 months, even after all treatment was withdrawn. This combination therapy allows macaques to effectively control viremia and reconstitute their immune systems without a need for further therapy.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use
- CD4 Lymphocyte Count
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Combined Modality Therapy
- Cytokines/blood
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Gastrointestinal Tract/immunology
- Immunization, Passive/methods
- Infusions, Intravenous
- Integrin alpha4/immunology
- Integrin beta Chains/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Macaca mulatta
- Male
- Membrane Glycoproteins/immunology
- Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/blood
- Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/drug therapy
- Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/therapy
- Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/virology
- Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/immunology
- Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/isolation & purification
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- Tretinoin/blood
- Viral Envelope Proteins/immunology
- Viral Load/immunology
- Viremia/blood
- Viremia/drug therapy
- Viremia/therapy
- Viremia/virology
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddappa N Byrareddy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - James Arthos
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Claudia Cicala
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Francois Villinger
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. Division of Pathology, The Yerkes National Primate Center of Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Kristina T Ortiz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Dawn Little
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Neil Sidell
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Maureen A Kane
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Jianshi Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Jace W Jones
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Philip J Santangelo
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30680, USA
| | - Chiara Zurla
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30680, USA
| | - Lyle R McKinnon
- Centre for the AIDS Program of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa
| | - Kelly B Arnold
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Caroline E Woody
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Lutz Walter
- Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christian Roos
- Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Angela Noll
- Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Donald Van Ryk
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Katija Jelicic
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Raffaello Cimbro
- Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Sanjeev Gumber
- Division of Pathology, The Yerkes National Primate Center of Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Michelle D Reid
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Volkan Adsay
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Praveen K Amancha
- Division of Pathology, The Yerkes National Primate Center of Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Ann E Mayne
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Tristram G Parslow
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Anthony S Fauci
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Aftab A Ansari
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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Simmons AJ, Scurrah CR, McKinley ET, Herring CA, Irish JM, Washington MK, Coffey RJ, Lau KS. Impaired coordination between signaling pathways is revealed in human colorectal cancer using single-cell mass cytometry of archival tissue blocks. Sci Signal 2016; 9:rs11. [PMID: 27729552 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aah4413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cellular heterogeneity poses a substantial challenge to understanding tissue-level phenotypes and confounds conventional bulk analyses. To analyze signaling at the single-cell level in human tissues, we applied mass cytometry using cytometry time of flight to formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) normal and diseased intestinal specimens. This technique, called FFPE-DISSECT (disaggregation for intracellular signaling in single epithelial cells from tissue), is a single-cell approach to characterizing signaling states in embedded tissue samples. We applied FFPE-DISSECT coupled to mass cytometry and found differential signaling by tumor necrosis factor-α in intestinal enterocytes, goblet cells, and enteroendocrine cells, implicating the downstream RAS-RAF-MEK pathway in determining goblet cell identity. Application of this technique and computational analyses to human colon specimens confirmed the reduced differentiation in colorectal cancer (CRC) compared to normal colon and revealed increased intratissue and intertissue heterogeneity in CRC with quantitative changes in the regulation of signaling pathways. Specifically, coregulation of the kinases p38 and ERK, the translation regulator 4EBP1, and the transcription factor CREB in proliferating normal colon cells was lost in CRC. Our data suggest that this single-cell approach, applied in conjunction with genomic annotation, enables the rapid and detailed characterization of cellular heterogeneity from clinical repositories of embedded human tissues. This technique can be used to derive cellular landscapes from archived patient samples (beyond CRC) and as a high-resolution tool for disease characterization and subtyping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan J Simmons
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA. Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Cherié R Scurrah
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA. Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Eliot T McKinley
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA. Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Charles A Herring
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA. Chemical and Physical Biology Program, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jonathan M Irish
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA. Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - M Kay Washington
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Robert J Coffey
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA. Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA. Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA. Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Ken S Lau
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA. Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA. Chemical and Physical Biology Program, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Monoclonal Antibodies Approved to Treat Rheumatoid Arthritis. Clin Pharmacokinet 2016; 54:1107-23. [PMID: 26123705 DOI: 10.1007/s40262-015-0296-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are increasingly used to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA). At present, anti-tumor necrosis factor-α drugs (infliximab, adalimumab, certolizumab pegol, and golimumab), rituximab, and tocilizumab are approved for RA treatment. This review focuses on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of mAbs approved in RA. Being large proteins, mAbs exhibit complex pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. In particular, owing to the interactions of mAbs with their antigenic targets, the pharmacokinetics of mAbs depends on target turnover and exhibits non-specific (linear) and target-mediated (often nonlinear) clearances. Their volume of distribution is low (3-4 L) and their elimination half-life usually ranges from 2 to 3 weeks. The inter-individual pharmacokinetic variability of mAbs is usually large and is partly explained by differences in antigenic burden or by anti-drug antibodies, which accelerate mAb elimination. The inter-individual variability of clinical response is large and influenced by the pharmacokinetics. The analysis of mAbs concentration-effect relationship relies more and more often on pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling; these models being suitable for dosing optimization. Even if adverse effects of mAbs used in RA are well known, the relationship between mAb concentration and adverse effects is poorly documented, especially for anti-tumor necrosis factor-α mAbs. Overall, RA patients treated with mAbs should benefit from individualized dosing strategies. Because of the complexity of their pharmacokinetics and mechanisms of action, the current dosing strategy of mAbs is not based on sound knowledge. New studies are needed to assess individual dosing regimen, adjusted notably to disease activity.
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35
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Chitforoushzadeh Z, Ye Z, Sheng Z, LaRue S, Fry RC, Lauffenburger DA, Janes KA. TNF-insulin crosstalk at the transcription factor GATA6 is revealed by a model that links signaling and transcriptomic data tensors. Sci Signal 2016; 9:ra59. [PMID: 27273097 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aad3373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Signal transduction networks coordinate transcriptional programs activated by diverse extracellular stimuli, such as growth factors and cytokines. Cells receive multiple stimuli simultaneously, and mapping how activation of the integrated signaling network affects gene expression is a challenge. We stimulated colon adenocarcinoma cells with various combinations of the cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and the growth factors insulin and epidermal growth factor (EGF) to investigate signal integration and transcriptional crosstalk. We quantitatively linked the proteomic and transcriptomic data sets by implementing a structured computational approach called tensor partial least squares regression. This statistical model accurately predicted transcriptional signatures from signaling arising from single and combined stimuli and also predicted time-dependent contributions of signaling events. Specifically, the model predicted that an early-phase, AKT-associated signal downstream of insulin repressed a set of transcripts induced by TNF. Through bioinformatics and cell-based experiments, we identified the AKT-repressed signal as glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3)-catalyzed phosphorylation of Ser(37) on the long form of the transcription factor GATA6. Phosphorylation of GATA6 on Ser(37) promoted its degradation, thereby preventing GATA6 from repressing transcripts that are induced by TNF and attenuated by insulin. Our analysis showed that predictive tensor modeling of proteomic and transcriptomic data sets can uncover pathway crosstalk that produces specific patterns of gene expression in cells receiving multiple stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Chitforoushzadeh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA. Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Zi Ye
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Ziran Sheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Silvia LaRue
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Rebecca C Fry
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Douglas A Lauffenburger
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kevin A Janes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
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36
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Archary D, Seaton KE, Passmore JS, Werner L, Deal A, Dunphy LJ, Arnold KB, Yates NL, Lauffenburger DA, Bergin P, Liebenberg LJ, Samsunder N, Mureithi MW, Altfeld M, Garrett N, Karim QA, Karim SSA, Morris L, Tomaras GD. Distinct genital tract HIV-specific antibody profiles associated with tenofovir gel. Mucosal Immunol 2016; 9:821-833. [PMID: 26813340 PMCID: PMC4848129 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2015.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The impact of topical antiretrovirals for pre-exposure prophylaxis on humoral responses following HIV infection is unknown. Using a binding antibody multiplex assay, we investigated HIV-specific IgG and IgA responses to envelope glycoproteins, p24 Gag and p66, in the genital tract (GT) and plasma following HIV acquisition in women assigned to tenofovir gel (n=24) and placebo gel (n=24) in the CAPRISA 004 microbicide trial to assess if this topical antiretroviral had an impact on mucosal and systemic antibody responses. Linear mixed effect modeling and partial least squares discriminant analysis was used to identify multivariate antibody signatures associated with tenofovir use. There were significantly higher response rates to gp120 Env (P=0.03), p24 (P=0.002), and p66 (P=0.009) in plasma and GT in women assigned to tenofovir than placebo gel at multiple time points post infection. Notably, p66 IgA titers in the GT and plasma were significantly higher in the tenofovir compared with the placebo arm (P<0.05). Plasma titers for 9 of the 10 HIV-IgG specificities predicted GT levels. Taken together, these data suggest that humoral immune responses are increased in blood and GT of individuals who acquire HIV infection in the presence of tenofovir gel.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Archary
- Centre for the AIDS Program of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - KE Seaton
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - JS Passmore
- Centre for the AIDS Program of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - L Werner
- Centre for the AIDS Program of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - A Deal
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - LJ Dunphy
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - KB Arnold
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - NL Yates
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - DA Lauffenburger
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - P Bergin
- Imperial College, International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Core Immune Monitoring Laboratory, London, UK
| | - LJ Liebenberg
- Centre for the AIDS Program of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - N Samsunder
- Centre for the AIDS Program of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - MW Mureithi
- KAVI Institute of Clinical Research, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - M Altfeld
- Heinrich-Pette Institut, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - N Garrett
- Centre for the AIDS Program of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Q Abdool Karim
- Centre for the AIDS Program of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - SS Abdool Karim
- Centre for the AIDS Program of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - L Morris
- Centre for the AIDS Program of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - GD Tomaras
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Departments of Surgery, Immunology and Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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37
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Lyons J, Herring CA, Banerjee A, Simmons AJ, Lau KS. Multiscale analysis of the murine intestine for modeling human diseases. Integr Biol (Camb) 2016; 7:740-57. [PMID: 26040649 DOI: 10.1039/c5ib00030k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
When functioning properly, the intestine is one of the key interfaces between the human body and its environment. It is responsible for extracting nutrients from our food and excreting our waste products. It provides an environment for a host of healthful microbes and serves as a first defense against pathogenic ones. These processes require tight homeostatic controls, which are provided by the interactions of a complex mix of epithelial, stromal, neural and immune cells, as well as the resident microflora. This homeostasis can be disrupted by invasive microbes, genetic lesions, and carcinogens, resulting in diseases such Clostridium difficile infection, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and cancer. Enormous strides have been made in understanding how this important organ functions in health and disease using everything from cell culture systems to animal models to human tissue samples. This has resulted in better therapies for all of these diseases, but there is still significant room for improvement. In the United States alone, 14,000 people per year die of C. difficile, up to 1.6 million people suffer from IBD, and more than 50,000 people die every year from colon cancer. Because these and other intestinal diseases arise from complex interactions between the different components of the gut ecosystem, we propose that systems approaches that address this complexity in an integrative manner may eventually lead to improved therapeutics that deliver lasting cures. This review will discuss the use of systems biology for studying intestinal diseases in vivo with particular emphasis on mouse models. Additionally, it will focus on established experimental techniques that have been used to drive this systems-level analysis, and emerging techniques that will push this field forward in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Lyons
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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38
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Dissecting Polyclonal Vaccine-Induced Humoral Immunity against HIV Using Systems Serology. Cell 2016; 163:988-98. [PMID: 26544943 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
While antibody titers and neutralization are considered the gold standard for the selection of successful vaccines, these parameters are often inadequate predictors of protective immunity. As antibodies mediate an array of extra-neutralizing Fc functions, when neutralization fails to predict protection, investigating Fc-mediated activity may help identify immunological correlates and mechanism(s) of humoral protection. Here, we used an integrative approach termed Systems Serology to analyze relationships among humoral responses elicited in four HIV vaccine trials. Each vaccine regimen induced a unique humoral "Fc fingerprint." Moreover, analysis of case:control data from the first moderately protective HIV vaccine trial, RV144, pointed to mechanistic insights into immune complex composition that may underlie protective immunity to HIV. Thus, multi-dimensional relational comparisons of vaccine humoral fingerprints offer a unique approach for the evaluation and design of novel vaccines against pathogens for which correlates of protection remain elusive.
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39
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Arnold KB, Burgener A, Birse K, Romas L, Dunphy LJ, Shahabi K, Abou M, Westmacott GR, McCorrister S, Kwatampora J, Nyanga B, Kimani J, Masson L, Liebenberg LJ, Abdool Karim SS, Passmore JAS, Lauffenburger DA, Kaul R, McKinnon LR. Increased levels of inflammatory cytokines in the female reproductive tract are associated with altered expression of proteases, mucosal barrier proteins, and an influx of HIV-susceptible target cells. Mucosal Immunol 2016; 9:194-205. [PMID: 26104913 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2015.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Elevated inflammatory cytokines (EMCs) at mucosal surfaces have been associated with HIV susceptibility, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We characterized the soluble mucosal proteome associated with elevated cytokine expression in the female reproductive tract. A scoring system was devised based on the elevation (upper quartile) of at least three of seven inflammatory cytokines in cervicovaginal lavage. Using this score, HIV-uninfected Kenyan women were classified as either having EMC (n=28) or not (n=68). Of 455 proteins quantified in proteomic analyses, 53 were associated with EMC (5% false discovery rate threshold). EMCs were associated with proteases, cell motility, and actin cytoskeletal pathways, whereas protease inhibitor, epidermal cell differentiation, and cornified envelope pathways were decreased. Multivariate analysis identified an optimal signature of 16 proteins that distinguished the EMC group with 88% accuracy. Three proteins in this signature were neutrophil-associated proteases that correlated with many cytokines, especially GM-CSF (granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor), IL-1β (interleukin-1β), MIP-3α (macrophage inflammatory protein-3α), IL-17, and IL-8. Gene set enrichment analyses implicated activated immune cells; we verified experimentally that EMC women had an increased frequency of endocervical CD4(+) T cells. These data reveal strong linkages between mucosal cytokines, barrier function, proteases, and immune cell movement, and propose these as potential mechanisms that increase risk of HIV acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly B Arnold
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Adam Burgener
- National HIV and Retrovirology Laboratory, JC Wilt Infectious Disease Research Centre, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada.,Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.,Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kenzie Birse
- National HIV and Retrovirology Laboratory, JC Wilt Infectious Disease Research Centre, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada.,Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Laura Romas
- National HIV and Retrovirology Laboratory, JC Wilt Infectious Disease Research Centre, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada.,Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Laura J Dunphy
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Max Abou
- National HIV and Retrovirology Laboratory, JC Wilt Infectious Disease Research Centre, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Garrett R Westmacott
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Stuart McCorrister
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Jessie Kwatampora
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Billy Nyanga
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Joshua Kimani
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.,Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Lindi Masson
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa
| | - Lenine J Liebenberg
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa
| | - Salim S Abdool Karim
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa.,Mailman School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Jo-Ann S Passmore
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa.,National Health Laboratory Service, South Africa
| | - Douglas A Lauffenburger
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Rupert Kaul
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.,University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Lyle R McKinnon
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.,Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa
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40
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Ip B, Cilfone N, Belkina AC, DeFuria J, Jagannathan-Bogdan M, Zhu M, Kuchibhatla R, McDonnell ME, Xiao Q, Kepler TB, Apovian CM, Lauffenburger DA, Nikolajczyk BS. Th17 cytokines differentiate obesity from obesity-associated type 2 diabetes and promote TNFα production. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2016; 24:102-12. [PMID: 26576827 PMCID: PMC4688084 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE T cell inflammation plays pivotal roles in obesity-associated type 2 diabetes (T2DM). The identification of dominant sources of T cell inflammation in humans remains a significant gap in understanding disease pathogenesis. It was hypothesized that cytokine profiles from circulating T cells identify T cell subsets and T cell cytokines that define T2DM-associated inflammation. METHODS Multiplex analyses were used to quantify T cell-associated cytokines in αCD3/αCD28-stimulated PBMCs, or B cell-depleted PBMCs, from subjects with T2DM or BMI-matched controls. Cytokine measurements were subjected to multivariate (principal component and partial least squares) analyses. Flow cytometry detected intracellular TNFα in multiple immune cell subsets in the presence/absence of antibodies that neutralize T cell cytokines. RESULTS T cell cytokines were generally higher in T2DM samples, but Th17 cytokines are specifically important for classifying individuals correctly as T2DM. Multivariate analyses indicated that B cells support Th17 inflammation in T2DM but not control samples, while monocytes supported Th17 inflammation regardless of T2DM status. Partial least squares regression analysis indicated that both Th17 and Th1 cytokines impact %HbA1c. CONCLUSIONS Among various T cell subsets, Th17 cells are major contributors to inflammation and hyperglycemia and are uniquely supported by B cells in obesity-associated T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanche Ip
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston MA
| | - Nicholas Cilfone
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - Anna C. Belkina
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston MA
| | - Jason DeFuria
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston MA
| | | | - Min Zhu
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston MA
| | - Ramya Kuchibhatla
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston MA
| | | | - Qiang Xiao
- EMD-Millipore, Biosciences Division, St. Charles, MO
| | - Thomas B. Kepler
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston MA
| | | | | | - Barbara S. Nikolajczyk
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston MA
- Department of Pathology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston MA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston MA
- Corresponding author 72 East Concord Street L516 Boston MA 02118 PH 617.638.7019 FAX 617.638.4286
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41
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Gierut JJ, Wood LB, Lau KS, Lin YJ, Genetti C, Samatar AA, Lauffenburger DA, Haigis KM. Network-level effects of kinase inhibitors modulate TNF-α-induced apoptosis in the intestinal epithelium. Sci Signal 2015; 8:ra129. [PMID: 26671150 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aac7235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Individual signaling pathways operate in the context of the broader signaling network. Thus, the response of a cell to signals from the environment is affected by the state of the signaling network, such as the clinically relevant example of whether some components in the network are inhibited. The cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) promotes opposing cellular behaviors under different conditions; the outcome is influenced by the state of the network. For example, in the mouse intestinal epithelium, inhibition of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase MEK alters the timing of TNF-α-induced apoptosis. We investigated whether MAPK signaling directly influences TNF-α-induced apoptosis or whether network-level effects secondary to inhibition of the MAPK pathway alter the cellular response. We found that inhibitors of the MAPK kinase kinase Raf, MEK, or extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) exerted distinct effects on the timing and magnitude of TNF-α-induced apoptosis in the mouse intestine. Furthermore, even different MEK inhibitors exerted distinct effects; one, CH5126766, potentiated TNF-α-induced apoptosis, and the others reduced cell death. Computational modeling and experimental perturbation identified the kinase Akt as the primary signaling node that enhanced apoptosis in the context of TNF-α signaling in the presence of CH5126766. Our work emphasizes the importance of integrated network signaling in specifying cellular behavior in response to experimental or therapeutic manipulation. More broadly, this study highlighted the importance of considering the network-level effects of pathway inhibitors and showed the distinct effects of inhibitors that share the same target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica J Gierut
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Levi B Wood
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ken S Lau
- Department of Chemical and Physical Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.,Epithelial Biology Center and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Yi-Jang Lin
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Casie Genetti
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | | | - Douglas A Lauffenburger
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kevin M Haigis
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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42
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Palmer CD, Romero-Tejeda M, Sirignano M, Sharma S, Allen TM, Altfeld M, Jost S. Naturally Occurring Subclinical Endotoxemia in Humans Alters Adaptive and Innate Immune Functions through Reduced MAPK and Increased STAT1 Phosphorylation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 196:668-77. [PMID: 26643479 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Multiple studies have shown correlates of immune activation with microbial translocation and plasma LPS during HIV infection. It is unclear whether this activation is due to LPS, residual viral replication, or both. Few studies have addressed the effects of persistent in vivo levels of LPS on specific immune functions in humans in the absence of chronic viral infection or pathological settings such as sepsis. We previously reported on a cohort of HIV-negative men with subclinical endotoxemia linked to alterations in CD4/CD8 T cell ratio and plasma cytokine levels. This HIV-negative cohort allowed us to assess cellular immune functions in the context of different subclinical plasma LPS levels ex vivo without confounding viral effects. By comparing two samples of differing plasma LPS levels from each individual, we now show that subclinical levels of plasma LPS in vivo significantly alter T cell proliferative capacity, monocyte cytokine release, and HLA-DR expression, and induce TLR cross-tolerance by decreased phosphorylation of MAPK pathway components. Using this human in vivo model of subclinical endotoxemia, we furthermore show that plasma LPS leads to constitutive activation of STAT1 through autocrine cytokine signaling, suggesting that subclinical endotoxemia in healthy individuals might lead to significant changes in immune function that have thus far not been appreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Todd M Allen
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139; and
| | - Marcus Altfeld
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139; and Department of Viral Immunology, Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Jost
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139; and
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43
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Identification of neurotoxic cytokines by profiling Alzheimer's disease tissues and neuron culture viability screening. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16622. [PMID: 26564777 PMCID: PMC4643219 DOI: 10.1038/srep16622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) therapeutics based on the amyloid hypothesis have shown minimal efficacy in patients, suggesting that the activity of amyloid beta (Aβ) represents only one aspect of AD pathogenesis. Since neuroinflammation is thought to play an important role in AD, we hypothesized that cytokines may play a direct role in promoting neuronal death. Here, we profiled cytokine expression in a small cohort of human AD and control brain tissues. We identified AD-associated cytokines using partial least squares regression to correlate cytokine expression with quantified pathologic disease state and then used neuron cultures to test whether cytokines up-regulated in AD tissues could affect neuronal viability. This analysis identified cytokines that were associated with the pathological severity. Of the top correlates, only TNF-α reduced viability in neuron culture when applied alone. VEGF also reduced viability when applied together with Aβ, which was surprising because VEGF has been viewed as a neuro-protective protein. We found that this synthetic pro-death effect of VEGF in the context of Aβ was commensurate with VEGFR-dependent changes in multiple signaling pathways that govern cell fate. Our findings suggest that profiling of tissues combined with a culture-based screening approach can successfully identify new mechanisms driving neuronal death.
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44
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Pellett Madan R, Masson L, Tugetman J, Werner L, Grobler A, Mlisana K, Lo Y, Che D, Arnold KB, Karim SSA, Passmore JAS, Herold BC. Innate Antibacterial Activity in Female Genital Tract Secretions Is Associated with Increased Risk of HIV Acquisition. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2015; 31:1153-9. [PMID: 26061218 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2015.0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Greater inhibitory activity against Escherichia coli and levels of human β defensin (HBD)-2 in genital tract secretions predicted HIV acquisition in women in the HPTN 035 trial. We investigated whether higher levels of E. coli inhibitory activity and antimicrobial peptides in cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) samples predicted HIV acquisition in women in the CAPRISA 002 Acute Infection Study. E. coli inhibitory activity and antimicrobial peptides were quantified in CVL from a subset of CAPRISA 002 participants who did not seroconvert (n=39) and from seroconverting women prior to infection (n=17) and during acute infection (n=11). Women who acquired HIV had significantly greater preinfection CVL E. coli inhibitory activity (p=0.01) and HBD-1 levels (p=0.02) compared to women who remained uninfected. Preinfection E. coli inhibitory activity remained significantly associated with seroconversion following adjustment for the presence of bacterial vaginosis (OR 1.45; 95% CI 1.07, 1.97). Partial least squares discriminant analysis confirmed that preinfection CVL E. coli inhibitory activity, together with higher CVL concentrations of HBD-1 and secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor, distinguished seroconverters from nonseroconverters with 67% calibration accuracy. CVL concentrations of human neutrophil peptides (HNP) 1-3 increased significantly with acute infection (p=0.001) and correlated with plasma viral set point (r=0.66, p=0.03). E. coli inhibitory activity in genital tract secretions could provide a biomarker of HIV risk. The correlation between HNP 1-3 and viral set point merits further investigation of the relationship between mucosal inflammation during early HIV infection and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lindi Masson
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa
| | - Jessica Tugetman
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Lise Werner
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa
| | - Anneke Grobler
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa
| | - Koleka Mlisana
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa
- Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Medical Microbiology, National Health Laboratory Service, Durban, South Africa
| | - Yungtai Lo
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Denise Che
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Kelly B. Arnold
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Salim S. Abdool Karim
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa
- Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Jo-Ann S. Passmore
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa
| | - Betsy C. Herold
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
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Simmons AJ, Banerjee A, McKinley ET, Scurrah CR, Herring CA, Gewin LS, Masuzaki R, Karp SJ, Franklin JL, Gerdes MJ, Irish JM, Coffey RJ, Lau KS. Cytometry-based single-cell analysis of intact epithelial signaling reveals MAPK activation divergent from TNF-α-induced apoptosis in vivo. Mol Syst Biol 2015; 11:835. [PMID: 26519361 PMCID: PMC4631206 DOI: 10.15252/msb.20156282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding heterogeneous cellular behaviors in a complex tissue requires the evaluation of signaling networks at single-cell resolution. However, probing signaling in epithelial tissues using cytometry-based single-cell analysis has been confounded by the necessity of single-cell dissociation, where disrupting cell-to-cell connections inherently perturbs native cell signaling states. Here, we demonstrate a novel strategy (Disaggregation for Intracellular Signaling in Single Epithelial Cells from Tissue-DISSECT) that preserves native signaling for Cytometry Time-of-Flight (CyTOF) and fluorescent flow cytometry applications. A 21-plex CyTOF analysis encompassing core signaling and cell-identity markers was performed on the small intestinal epithelium after systemic tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) stimulation. Unsupervised and supervised analyses robustly selected signaling features that identify a unique subset of epithelial cells that are sensitized to TNF-α-induced apoptosis in the seemingly homogeneous enterocyte population. Specifically, p-ERK and apoptosis are divergently regulated in neighboring enterocytes within the epithelium, suggesting a mechanism of contact-dependent survival. Our novel single-cell approach can broadly be applied, using both CyTOF and multi-parameter flow cytometry, for investigating normal and diseased cell states in a wide range of epithelial tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan J Simmons
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Amrita Banerjee
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Eliot T McKinley
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Cherie' R Scurrah
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Charles A Herring
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA Department of Chemical and Physical Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Leslie S Gewin
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ryota Masuzaki
- The Transplant Center and Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Seth J Karp
- The Transplant Center and Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Franklin
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Jonathan M Irish
- Departments of Cancer Biology, and Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Robert J Coffey
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ken S Lau
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA Department of Chemical and Physical Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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46
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Masson L, Arnold KB, Little F, Mlisana K, Lewis DA, Mkhize N, Gamieldien H, Ngcapu S, Johnson L, Lauffenburger DA, Abdool Karim Q, Abdool Karim SS, Passmore JAS. Inflammatory cytokine biomarkers to identify women with asymptomatic sexually transmitted infections and bacterial vaginosis who are at high risk of HIV infection. Sex Transm Infect 2015; 92:186-93. [PMID: 26511781 DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2015-052072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Untreated sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and bacterial vaginosis (BV) cause genital inflammation and increase the risk of HIV infection. WHO-recommended syndromic STI and BV management is severely limited as many women with asymptomatic infections go untreated. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate genital cytokine profiles as a biomarker of STIs and BV to identify women with asymptomatic, treatable infections. METHODS Concentrations of 42 cytokines in cervicovaginal lavages from 227 HIV-uninfected women were measured using Luminex. All women were screened for BV by microscopy and STIs using molecular assays. Multivariate analyses were used to identify cytokine profiles associated with STIs/BV. RESULTS A multivariate profile of seven cytokines (interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, tumour necrosis factor-β, IL-4, fractalkine, macrophage-derived chemokine, and interferon-γ) most accurately predicted the presence of a treatable genital condition, with 77% classification accuracy and 75% cross-validation accuracy (sensitivity 72%; specificity 81%, positive predictive value (PPV) 86%, negative predictive value (NPV) 64%). Concomitant increased IL-1β and decreased IP-10 concentrations predicted the presence of a treatable genital condition without a substantial reduction in predictive value (sensitivity 77%, specificity 72%, PPV 82% and NPV 65%), correctly classifying 75% of the women. This approach performed substantially better than clinical signs (sensitivity 19%, specificity 92%, PPV 79% and NPV 40%). CONCLUSIONS Supplementing syndromic management with an assessment of IL-1β and IP-10 as biomarkers of genital inflammation may improve STI/BV management for women, enabling more effective treatment of asymptomatic infections and potentially reducing their risk of HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindi Masson
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town Medical School, Cape Town, South Africa Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Kelly B Arnold
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Francesca Little
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Koleka Mlisana
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal
| | - David A Lewis
- Western Sydney Sexual Health Centre, Parramatta, Australia Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology & Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Sandringham, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nonhlanhla Mkhize
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Sandringham, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Hoyam Gamieldien
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town Medical School, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sinaye Ngcapu
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Leigh Johnson
- Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Douglas A Lauffenburger
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Quarraisha Abdool Karim
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Salim S Abdool Karim
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jo-Ann S Passmore
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town Medical School, Cape Town, South Africa Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa National Health Laboratory Services, South Africa
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47
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Arnold KB, Szeto GL, Alter G, Irvine DJ, Lauffenburger DA. CD4+ T cell-dependent and CD4+ T cell-independent cytokine-chemokine network changes in the immune responses of HIV-infected individuals. Sci Signal 2015; 8:ra104. [PMID: 26486173 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aab0808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A vital defect in the immune systems of HIV-infected individuals is the loss of CD4(+) T cells, resulting in impaired immune responses. We hypothesized that there were CD4(+) T cell-dependent and CD4(+) T cell-independent alterations in the immune responses of HIV-1(+) individuals. To test this, we analyzed the secretion of cytokines and chemokines from stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) populations from HIV(+) donors, healthy donors, and healthy donors with CD4(+) T cells experimentally depleted. Multivariate analyses of 16 cytokines and chemokines at 6 and 72 hours after three stimuli (antibody-coated beads to stimulate T cells and R848 or lipopolysaccharide to stimulate innate immune cells) enabled integrative analysis of secreted profiles. Two major effects in HIV(+) PBMCs were not reproduced upon depletion of CD4(+) T cells in healthy PBMCs: (i) HIV(+) PBMCs maintained T cell-associated secreted profiles after T cell stimulation; (ii) HIV(+) PBMCs showed impaired interferon-γ (IFN-γ) secretion early after innate stimulation. These changes arose from hyperactive T cells and debilitated natural killer (NK) cell, respectively. Modeling and experiments showed that early IFN-γ secretion predicted later differences in secreted profiles in vitro. This effect was recapitulated in healthy PBMCs by blocking the IFN-γ receptor. Thus, we identified a critical deficiency in NK cell responses of HIV-infected individuals, independent of CD4(+) T cell depletion, which directs secreted profiles. Our findings illustrate a broad approach for identifying key disease-associated nodes in a multicellular, multivariate signaling network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly B Arnold
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Gregory L Szeto
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Darrell J Irvine
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Douglas A Lauffenburger
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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48
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Abstract
Cell signaling pathways control cells' responses to their environment through an intricate network of proteins and small molecules partitioned by intracellular structures, such as the cytoskeleton and nucleus. Our understanding of these pathways has been revised recently with the advent of more advanced experimental techniques; no longer are signaling pathways viewed as linear cascades of information flowing from membrane-bound receptors to the nucleus. Instead, such pathways must be understood in the context of networks, and studying such networks requires an integration of computational and experimental approaches. This understanding is becoming more important in designing novel therapies for diseases such as cancer. Using the MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) and PI3K (class I phosphoinositide-3' kinase) pathways as case studies of cellular signaling, we give an overview of these pathways and their functions. We then describe, using a number of case studies, how computational modeling has aided in understanding these pathways' deregulation in cancer, and how such understanding can be used to optimally tailor current therapies or help design new therapies against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Saez-Rodriguez
- Current address: Joint Research Center for Computational Biomedicine, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, D-52074 Aachen, Germany;
- European Bioinformatics Institute, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SD, United Kingdom;
| | - Aidan MacNamara
- European Bioinformatics Institute, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SD, United Kingdom;
| | - Simon Cook
- Signalling Laboratory, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, United Kingdom;
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49
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Barouch DH, Alter G, Broge T, Linde C, Ackerman ME, Brown EP, Borducchi EN, Smith KM, Nkolola JP, Liu J, Shields J, Parenteau L, Whitney JB, Abbink P, Ng'ang'a DM, Seaman MS, Lavine CL, Perry JR, Li W, Colantonio AD, Lewis MG, Chen B, Wenschuh H, Reimer U, Piatak M, Lifson JD, Handley SA, Virgin HW, Koutsoukos M, Lorin C, Voss G, Weijtens M, Pau MG, Schuitemaker H. Protective efficacy of adenovirus/protein vaccines against SIV challenges in rhesus monkeys. Science 2015; 349:320-4. [PMID: 26138104 PMCID: PMC4653134 DOI: 10.1126/science.aab3886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical studies of viral vector-based HIV-1 vaccine candidates have previously shown partial protection against neutralization-resistant virus challenges in rhesus monkeys. In this study, we evaluated the protective efficacy of adenovirus serotype 26 (Ad26) vector priming followed by purified envelope (Env) glycoprotein boosting. Rhesus monkeys primed with Ad26 vectors expressing SIVsmE543 Env, Gag, and Pol and boosted with AS01B-adjuvanted SIVmac32H Env gp140 demonstrated complete protection in 50% of vaccinated animals against a series of repeated, heterologous, intrarectal SIVmac251 challenges that infected all controls. Protective efficacy correlated with the functionality of Env-specific antibody responses. Comparable protection was also observed with a similar Ad/Env vaccine against repeated, heterologous, intrarectal SHIV-SF162P3 challenges. These data demonstrate robust protection by Ad/Env vaccines against acquisition of neutralization-resistant virus challenges in rhesus monkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan H Barouch
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA. Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Thomas Broge
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Caitlyn Linde
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Eric P Brown
- Thayer School of Engineering at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Erica N Borducchi
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Kaitlin M Smith
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Joseph P Nkolola
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jinyan Liu
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jennifer Shields
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Lily Parenteau
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - James B Whitney
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Peter Abbink
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - David M Ng'ang'a
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Michael S Seaman
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Christy L Lavine
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - James R Perry
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Wenjun Li
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | | | | | - Bing Chen
- Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Ulf Reimer
- JPT Peptide Technologies GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Piatak
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Lifson
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Scott A Handley
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Herbert W Virgin
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | | | | | | | - Mo Weijtens
- Janssen Infectious Diseases and Vaccines (formerly Crucell), 2301 Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Maria G Pau
- Janssen Infectious Diseases and Vaccines (formerly Crucell), 2301 Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Hanneke Schuitemaker
- Janssen Infectious Diseases and Vaccines (formerly Crucell), 2301 Leiden, Netherlands
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50
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Masson L, Passmore JAS, Liebenberg LJ, Werner L, Baxter C, Arnold KB, Williamson C, Little F, Mansoor LE, Naranbhai V, Lauffenburger DA, Ronacher K, Walzl G, Garrett NJ, Williams BL, Couto-Rodriguez M, Hornig M, Lipkin WI, Grobler A, Abdool Karim Q, Abdool Karim SS. Genital inflammation and the risk of HIV acquisition in women. Clin Infect Dis 2015; 61:260-9. [PMID: 25900168 PMCID: PMC4565995 DOI: 10.1093/cid/civ298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women in Africa, especially young women, have very high human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) incidence rates that cannot be fully explained by behavioral risks. We investigated whether genital inflammation influenced HIV acquisition in this group. METHODS Twelve selected cytokines, including 9 inflammatory cytokines and chemokines (interleukin [IL]-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-8, interferon-γ inducible protein-10 [IP-10], monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, macrophage inflammatory protein [MIP]-1α, MIP-1β), hematopoietic IL-7, and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and regulatory IL-10 were measured prior to HIV infection in cervicovaginal lavages from 58 HIV seroconverters and 58 matched uninfected controls and in plasma from a subset of 107 of these women from the Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa 004 tenofovir gel trial. RESULTS HIV seroconversion was associated with raised genital inflammatory cytokines (including chemokines MIP-1α, MIP-1β, and IP-10). The risk of HIV acquisition was significantly higher in women with evidence of genital inflammation, defined by at least 5 of 9 inflammatory cytokines being raised (odds ratio, 3.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.3-7.9; P = .014). Genital cytokine concentrations were persistently raised (for about 1 year before infection), with no readily identifiable cause despite extensive investigation of several potential factors, including sexually transmitted infections and systemic cytokines. CONCLUSIONS Elevated genital concentrations of HIV target cell-recruiting chemokines and a genital inflammatory profile contributes to the high risk of HIV acquisition in these African women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindi Masson
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, Division of Medical Virology, University of Cape Town
| | - Jo-Ann S. Passmore
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, Division of Medical Virology, University of Cape Town
- National Health Laboratory Services, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lenine J. Liebenberg
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban
| | - Lise Werner
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban
| | - Cheryl Baxter
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban
| | - Kelly B. Arnold
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge
| | - Carolyn Williamson
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, Division of Medical Virology, University of Cape Town
| | | | - Leila E. Mansoor
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban
| | - Vivek Naranbhai
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban
| | | | - Katharina Ronacher
- National Research Foundation of South Africa/Department of Science and TechnologyCentre of Excellence for TB Biomedical Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - Gerhard Walzl
- National Research Foundation of South Africa/Department of Science and TechnologyCentre of Excellence for TB Biomedical Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - Nigel J. Garrett
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban
| | | | | | | | | | - Anneke Grobler
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban
| | - Quarraisha Abdool Karim
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Salim S. Abdool Karim
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
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