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Bai Z, Wan D, Lan T, Hong W, Dong H, Wei Y, Wei X. Nanoplatform Based Intranasal Vaccines: Current Progress and Clinical Challenges. ACS NANO 2024. [PMID: 39185745 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c10797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Multiple vaccine platforms have been employed to develop the nasal SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in preclinical studies, and the dominating pipelines are viral vectored as protein-based vaccines. Among them, several viral vectored-based vaccines have entered clinical development. Nevertheless, some unsatisfactory results were reported in these clinical studies. In the face of such urgent situations, it is imperative to rapidly develop the next-generation intranasal COVID-19 vaccine utilizing other technologies. Nanobased intranasal vaccines have emerged as an approach against respiratory infectious diseases. Harnessing the power of nanotechnology, these vaccines offer a noninvasive yet potent defense against pathogens, including the threat of COVID-19. The improvements made in vaccine mucosal delivery technologies based on nanoparticles, such as lipid nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles etc., not only provide stability and controlled release but also enhance mucosal adhesion, effectively overcoming the limitations of conventional vaccines. Hence, in this review, we overview the evaluation of intranasal vaccine and highlight the current barriers. Next, the modern delivery systems based on nanoplatforms are summarized. The challenges in clinical application of nanoplatform based intranasal vaccine are finally discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Bai
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China
| | - Dandan Wan
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China
| | - Tianxia Lan
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China
| | - Weiqi Hong
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China
| | - Haohao Dong
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China
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De Meyer A, Meuleman P. Preclinical animal models to evaluate therapeutic antiviral antibodies. Antiviral Res 2024; 225:105843. [PMID: 38548022 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Despite the availability of effective preventative vaccines and potent small-molecule antiviral drugs, effective non-toxic prophylactic and therapeutic measures are still lacking for many viruses. The use of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies in an antiviral context could fill this gap and provide effective virus-specific medical interventions. In order to develop these therapeutic antibodies, preclinical animal models are of utmost importance. Due to the variability in viral pathogenesis, immunity and overall characteristics, the most representative animal model for human viral infection differs between virus species. Therefore, throughout the years researchers sought to find the ideal preclinical animal model for each virus. The most used animal models in preclinical research include rodents (mice, ferrets, …) and non-human primates (macaques, chimpanzee, ….). Currently, antibodies are tested for antiviral efficacy against a variety of viruses including different hepatitis viruses, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), influenza viruses, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and rabies virus. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge about the preclinical animal models that are used for the evaluation of therapeutic antibodies for the abovementioned viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amse De Meyer
- Laboratory of Liver Infectious Diseases, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Philip Meuleman
- Laboratory of Liver Infectious Diseases, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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El Chaer F, Kaul DR, Englund JA, Boeckh M, Batista MV, Seo SK, Carpenter PA, Navarro D, Hirsch HH, Ison MG, Papanicolaou GA, Chemaly RF. American Society of Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Series: #7 - Management of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections in Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Recipients. Transplant Cell Ther 2023; 29:730-738. [PMID: 37783338 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtct.2023.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
The Practice Guidelines Committee of the American Society of Transplantation and Cellular Therapy (ASTCT) partnered with its Transplant Infectious Disease Special Interest Group (TID-SIG) to update the 2009 compendium-style infectious disease guidelines for hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). A new approach was adopted to better serve clinical providers by publishing each standalone topic in the infectious disease series in a concise format of frequently asked questions (FAQ), tables, and figures. Experts in HCT and infectious diseases identified FAQs and then provided answers based on the strength of the recommendation and the level of supporting evidence. In the seventh guideline in the series, we focus on the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) with FAQs addressing epidemiology, clinical diagnosis, prophylaxis, and treatment. Special consideration was given to RSV in pediatric, cord blood, haploidentical, and T cell-depleted HCT and chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy recipients, as well as to identify future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firas El Chaer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.
| | - Daniel R Kaul
- Division of Infectious Disease, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Janet A Englund
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Michael Boeckh
- Clinical Research and Vaccine and Infectious Disease Divisions, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center and Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Marjorie V Batista
- Department of Infectious Diseases, AC Camargo Cancer Center, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Susan K Seo
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | - Paul A Carpenter
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - David Navarro
- Microbiology Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario, INCLIVA Research Institute, Valencia, and Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia & Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hans H Hirsch
- Clinical Virology Laboratory, Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Infectious Diseases & Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Transplantation & Clinical Virology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael G Ison
- Respiratory Disease Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Genovefa A Papanicolaou
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | - Roy F Chemaly
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control, and Employee Health, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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Moliva JI, Andrew SF, Flynn BJ, Wagner DA, Foulds KE, Gagne M, Flebbe DR, Lamb E, Provost S, Marquez J, Mychalowych A, Lorag CG, Honeycutt CC, Burnett MR, McCormick L, Henry AR, Godbole S, Davis-Gardner ME, Minai M, Bock KW, Nagata BM, Todd JPM, McCarthy E, Dodson A, Kouneski K, Cook A, Pessaint L, Ry AV, Valentin D, Young S, Littman Y, Boon ACM, Suthar MS, Lewis MG, Andersen H, Alves DA, Woodward R, Leuzzi A, Vitelli A, Colloca S, Folgori A, Raggiolli A, Capone S, Nason MC, Douek DC, Roederer M, Seder RA, Sullivan NJ. Durable immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in both lower and upper airways achieved with a gorilla adenovirus (GRAd) S-2P vaccine in non-human primates. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.22.567930. [PMID: 38076895 PMCID: PMC10705562 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.22.567930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 continues to pose a global threat, and current vaccines, while effective against severe illness, fall short in preventing transmission. To address this challenge, there's a need for vaccines that induce mucosal immunity and can rapidly control the virus. In this study, we demonstrate that a single immunization with a novel gorilla adenovirus-based vaccine (GRAd) carrying the pre-fusion stabilized Spike protein (S-2P) in non-human primates provided protective immunity for over one year against the BA.5 variant of SARS-CoV-2. A prime-boost regimen using GRAd followed by adjuvanted S-2P (GRAd+S-2P) accelerated viral clearance in both the lower and upper airways. GRAd delivered via aerosol (GRAd(AE)+S-2P) modestly improved protection compared to its matched intramuscular regimen, but showed dramatically superior boosting by mRNA and, importantly, total virus clearance in the upper airway by day 4 post infection. GrAd vaccination regimens elicited robust and durable systemic and mucosal antibody responses to multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants, but only GRAd(AE)+S-2P generated long-lasting T cell responses in the lung. This research underscores the flexibility of the GRAd vaccine platform to provide durable immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in both the lower and upper airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan I Moliva
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, United States of America
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Shayne F Andrew
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, United States of America
| | - Barbara J Flynn
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, United States of America
| | - Danielle A Wagner
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, United States of America
| | - Kathryn E Foulds
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, United States of America
| | - Matthew Gagne
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, United States of America
| | - Dillon R Flebbe
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, United States of America
| | - Evan Lamb
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, United States of America
| | - Samantha Provost
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, United States of America
| | - Josue Marquez
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, United States of America
| | - Anna Mychalowych
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, United States of America
| | - Cynthia G Lorag
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, United States of America
| | - Christopher Cole Honeycutt
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, United States of America
| | - Matthew R Burnett
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, United States of America
| | - Lauren McCormick
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, United States of America
| | - Amy R Henry
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, United States of America
| | - Sucheta Godbole
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, United States of America
| | - Meredith E Davis-Gardner
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322, United States of America
| | - Mahnaz Minai
- Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section, Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, 20892, United States of America
| | - Kevin W Bock
- Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section, Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, 20892, United States of America
| | - Bianca M Nagata
- Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section, Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, 20892, United States of America
| | - John-Paul M Todd
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth McCarthy
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, United States of America
| | - Alan Dodson
- Bioqual, Inc., Rockville, Maryland, 20850, United States of America
| | - Katelyn Kouneski
- Bioqual, Inc., Rockville, Maryland, 20850, United States of America
| | - Anthony Cook
- Bioqual, Inc., Rockville, Maryland, 20850, United States of America
| | - Laurent Pessaint
- Bioqual, Inc., Rockville, Maryland, 20850, United States of America
| | - Alex Van Ry
- Bioqual, Inc., Rockville, Maryland, 20850, United States of America
| | - Daniel Valentin
- Bioqual, Inc., Rockville, Maryland, 20850, United States of America
| | - Steve Young
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, United States of America
| | - Yoav Littman
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, United States of America
| | - Adrianus C M Boon
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, 63110, United States of America
| | - Mehul S Suthar
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322, United States of America
| | - Mark G Lewis
- Bioqual, Inc., Rockville, Maryland, 20850, United States of America
| | - Hanne Andersen
- Bioqual, Inc., Rockville, Maryland, 20850, United States of America
| | - Derron A Alves
- Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section, Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, 20892, United States of America
| | - Ruth Woodward
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, United States of America
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Martha C Nason
- Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, United States of America
| | - Daniel C Douek
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, United States of America
| | - Mario Roederer
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, United States of America
| | - Robert A Seder
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, United States of America
- Correspondence: and
| | - Nancy J Sullivan
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Correspondence: and
- Lead contact
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Spearman P, Jin H, Knopp K, Xiao P, Gingerich MC, Kidd J, Singh K, Tellier M, Radziewicz H, Wu S, McGregor M, Freda B, Wang Z, John SP, Villinger FJ, He B. Intranasal parainfluenza virus type 5 (PIV5)-vectored RSV vaccine is safe and immunogenic in healthy adults in a phase 1 clinical study. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadj7611. [PMID: 37878713 PMCID: PMC10599610 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj7611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) can lead to serious disease in infants, and no approved RSV vaccine is available for infants. This first in-human clinical trial evaluated a single dose of BLB201, a PIV5-vectored RSV vaccine administrated via intranasal route, for safety and immunogenicity in RSV-seropositive healthy adults (33 to 75 years old). No severe adverse events (SAEs) were reported. Solicited local and systemic AEs were reported by <50% of participants and were mostly mild in intensity. Vaccine virus shedding was detected in 17% of participants. Nasal RSV-specific immunoglobulin A responses were detected in 48%, the highest level observed in adults among all intranasal RSV vaccines evaluated in humans. RSV-neutralizing antibodies titers in serum rose ≥1.5-fold. Peripheral blood RSV F-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells increased from ≤0.06% at baseline to ≥0.26 and 0.4% after vaccination, respectively, in >93% participants. The safety and immunogenicity profile of BLB201 in RSV-seropositive adults supports the further clinical development of BLB201.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Spearman
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Hong Jin
- Blue Lake Biotechnology Inc., 111 Riverbend Rd., Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Kristeene Knopp
- Blue Lake Biotechnology Inc., 111 Riverbend Rd., Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Peng Xiao
- New Iberia Research Center, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, New Iberia, LA 70560, USA
| | | | - Jamie Kidd
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Karnail Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Marinka Tellier
- Blue Lake Biotechnology Inc., 111 Riverbend Rd., Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Henry Radziewicz
- Blue Lake Biotechnology Inc., 111 Riverbend Rd., Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Samuel Wu
- Blue Lake Biotechnology Inc., 111 Riverbend Rd., Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Matthew McGregor
- Blue Lake Biotechnology Inc., 111 Riverbend Rd., Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Barbara Freda
- Blue Lake Biotechnology Inc., 111 Riverbend Rd., Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Zhaoti Wang
- Blue Lake Biotechnology Inc., 111 Riverbend Rd., Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Susan P. John
- New Iberia Research Center, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, New Iberia, LA 70560, USA
| | - Francois J. Villinger
- New Iberia Research Center, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, New Iberia, LA 70560, USA
| | - Biao He
- Blue Lake Biotechnology Inc., 111 Riverbend Rd., Athens, GA 30602, USA
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Díez-Domingo J, Sáez-Llorens X, Rodriguez-Weber MA, Epalza C, Chatterjee A, Chiu CH, Lin CY, Berry AA, Martinón-Torres F, Baquero-Artigao F, Langley JM, Ramos Amador JT, Domachowske JB, Huang LM, Chiu NC, Esposito S, Moris P, Lien-Anh Nguyen T, Nikic V, Woo W, Zhou Y, Dieussaert I, Leach A, Gonzalez Lopez A, Vanhoutte N. Safety and Immunogenicity of a ChAd155-Vectored Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Vaccine in Healthy RSV-Seropositive Children 12-23 Months of Age. J Infect Dis 2023; 227:1293-1302. [PMID: 36484484 PMCID: PMC10226655 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Safe and effective respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccines remain elusive. This was a phase I/II trial (NCT02927873) of ChAd155-RSV, an investigational chimpanzee adenovirus-RSV vaccine expressing 3 proteins (fusion, nucleoprotein, and M2-1), administered to 12-23-month-old RSV-seropositive children followed up for 2 years after vaccination. METHODS Children were randomized to receive 2 doses of ChAd155-RSV or placebo (at a 1:1 ratio) (days 1 and 31). Doses escalated from 0.5 × 1010 (low dose [LD]) to 1.5 × 1010 (medium dose [MD]) to 5 × 1010 (high dose [HD]) viral particles after safety assessment. Study end points included anti-RSV-A neutralizing antibody (Nab) titers through year 1 and safety through year 2. RESULTS Eighty-two participants were vaccinated, including 11, 14, and 18 in the RSV-LD, RSV-MD, and RSV-HD groups, respectively, and 39 in the placebo groups. Solicited adverse events were similar across groups, except for fever (more frequent with RSV-HD). Most fevers were mild (≤38.5°C). No vaccine-related serious adverse events or RSV-related hospitalizations were reported. There was a dose-dependent increase in RSV-A Nab titers in all groups after dose 1, without further increase after dose 2. RSV-A Nab titers remained higher than prevaccination levels at year 1. CONCLUSIONS Three ChAd155-RSV dosages were found to be well tolerated. A dose-dependent immune response was observed after dose 1, with no observed booster effect after dose 2. Further investigation of ChAd155-RSV in RSV-seronegative children is warranted. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION NCT02927873.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xavier Sáez-Llorens
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital del Niño Dr José Renán Esquivel and Cevaxin Clinical Research Center, Panama City, Panama
- National Investigation System, Senacyt, Panama City, Panama
| | | | - Cristina Epalza
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Research and Clinical Trials Unit, Madrid, Spain
- Pediatric Research and Clinical Trials Unit (UPIC), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- RITIP (Traslational Research Network in Pediatric Infectious Diseases), Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica del Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Archana Chatterjee
- Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Cheng-Hsun Chiu
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University Taoyuan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yu Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Hsinchu Mackay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu City, Taiwan
| | - Andrea A Berry
- Department of Pediatrics and Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Federico Martinón-Torres
- Translational Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases, Pediatrics Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Genetics, Vaccines, Infectious Diseases and Pediatrics Research Group, Spain, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Baquero-Artigao
- Hospital Universitario Infantil La Paz, Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Pediatrics, Spain; CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joanne M Langley
- Canadian Center for Vaccinology, Iwk Health Centre and Nova Scotia Health Authority, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - José T Ramos Amador
- Departamento De Salud Pública Y Materno-infantil, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joseph B Domachowske
- Department of Pediatrics, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Li-Min Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Nan-Chang Chiu
- Department of Pediatrics, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Susanna Esposito
- Pietro Barilla Children's Hospital, University of Parma, Pediatric Clinic, Parma, Italy
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7
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Loo CY, Lee WH, Zhou QT. Recent Advances in Inhaled Nanoformulations of Vaccines and Therapeutics Targeting Respiratory Viral Infections. Pharm Res 2023; 40:1015-1036. [PMID: 37186073 PMCID: PMC10129308 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-023-03520-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid outbreak of respiratory viral infections, various biological (e.g. vaccines, peptides, recombinant proteins, antibodies and genes) and antiviral agents (e.g. ribavirin, palivizumab and valaciclovir) have been successfully developed for the treatment of respiratory virus infections such as influenza, respiratory syncytial virus and SARS-CoV-2 infections. These therapeutics are conventionally delivered via oral, intramuscular or injection route and are associated with several adverse events due to systemic toxicity. The inherent in vivo instability of biological therapeutics may hinder them from being administered without proper formulations. Therefore, we have witnessed a boom in nanotechnology coupled with a needle-free administration approach such as the inhalation route for the delivery of complex therapeutics to treat respiratory infections. This review discussed the recent advances in the inhalation strategies of nanoformulations that target virus respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Yee Loo
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Royal College of Medicine Perak, Universiti Kuala Lumpur (UniKL RCMP), 30450, Perak, Malaysia.
| | - Wing-Hin Lee
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Royal College of Medicine Perak, Universiti Kuala Lumpur (UniKL RCMP), 30450, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Qi Tony Zhou
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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8
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Saeland E, van der Fits L, Bolder R, Heemskerk-van der Meer M, Drijver J, van Polanen Y, Vaneman C, Tettero L, Cox F, Serroyen J, Jorgensen MJ, Langedijk JPM, Schuitemaker H, Callendret B, Zahn RC. Combination Ad26.RSV.preF/preF protein vaccine induces superior protective immunity compared with individual vaccine components in preclinical models. NPJ Vaccines 2023; 8:45. [PMID: 36949051 PMCID: PMC10033289 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00637-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of severe respiratory disease for which no licensed vaccine is available. We have previously shown that a prefusion (preF) conformation-stabilized RSV F protein antigen and an adenoviral vector encoding RSV preF protein (Ad26.RSV.preF) are immunogenic and protective in animals when administered as single components. Here, we evaluated a combination of the 2 components, administered as a single injection. Strong induction of both humoral and cellular responses was shown in RSV-naïve and pre-exposed mice and pre-exposed African green monkeys (AGMs). Both components of the combination vaccine contributed to humoral immune responses, while the Ad26.RSV.preF component was the main contributor to cellular immune responses in both mice and AGMs. Immunization with the combination elicited superior protection against RSV A2 challenge in cotton rats. These results demonstrate the advantage of a combination vaccine and support further clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirikur Saeland
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention B.V., Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Renske Bolder
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention B.V., Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Joke Drijver
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention B.V., Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Freek Cox
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention B.V., Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Serroyen
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention B.V., Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Matthew J Jorgensen
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | - Roland C Zahn
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention B.V., Leiden, The Netherlands
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9
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Qiu X, Xu S, Lu Y, Luo Z, Yan Y, Wang C, Ji J. Development of mRNA vaccines against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2022; 68:37-53. [PMID: 36280532 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a single-stranded negative-sense RNA virus that is the primary etiologic pathogen of bronchitis and pneumonia in infants and the elderly. Currently, no preventative vaccine has been approved for RSV infection. However, advances in the characterization, and structural resolution, of the RSV surface fusion glycoprotein have revolutionized RSV vaccine development by providing a new target for preventive interventions. In general, six different approaches have been adopted in the development of preventative RSV therapeutics, namely, particle-based vaccines, vector-based vaccines, live-attenuated or chimeric vaccines, subunit vaccines, mRNA vaccines, and monoclonal antibodies. Among these preventive interventions, MVA-BN-RSV, RSVpreF3, RSVpreF, Ad26. RSV.preF, nirsevimab, clesrovimab and mRNA-1345 is being tested in phase 3 clinical trials, and displays the most promising in infant or elderly populations. Accompanied by the huge success of mRNA vaccines in COVID-19, mRNA vaccines have been rapidly developed, with many having entered clinical studies, in which they have demonstrated encouraging results and acceptable safety profiles. In fact, Moderna has received FDA approval, granting fast-track designation for an investigational single-dose mRNA-1345 vaccine against RSV in adults over 60 years of age. Hence, mRNA vaccines may represent a new, more successful, chapter in the continued battle to develop effective preventative measures against RSV. This review discusses the structure, life cycle, and brief history of RSV, while also presenting the current advancements in RSV preventatives, with a focus on the latest progress in RSV mRNA vaccine development. Finally, future prospects for this field are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xirui Qiu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Siyan Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zichen Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yangtian Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chuyue Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianjian Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
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10
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Bian T, Wang B, Fu G, Hao M, Chen Y, Fang T, Liu S, Yu C, Li J, Chen W. Single-dose of a replication-competent adenovirus-vectored vaccine provides sterilizing protection against Rift Valley fever virus challenge. Front Immunol 2022; 13:907675. [PMID: 36439179 PMCID: PMC9691644 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.907675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is one of the most important virulent pathogens causing severe disease in animals and humans. However, there is currently no approved vaccine to prevent RVFV infection in humans. The use of human adenovirus serotype 4 (Ad4) as a vector for an RVFV vaccine has not been reported. Here, we report the generation of a replication-competent recombinant Ad4 vector expressing codon-optimized forms of the RVFV glycoproteins Gn and Gc (named Ad4-GnGc). Intramuscular immunization with Ad4-GnGc elicited robust neutralizing antibodies against RVFV and cellular immune responses in mice. A single low-dose vaccination with Ad4-GnGc completely protected interferon-α/β receptor-deficient A129 mice from lethal RVFV infection. More importantly, Ad4-GnGc efficacy was not affected by pre-existing immunity to adenovirus serotype 5, which currently exists widely in populations. These results suggest that Ad4-GnGc is a promising vaccine candidate against RVFV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Bian
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Busen Wang
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guangcheng Fu
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Hao
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Fang
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuling Liu
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Changming Yu
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianmin Li
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Frontier Biotechnology Laboratory, Zhejiang University-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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11
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Soto JA, Galvez NMS, Rivera DB, Díaz FE, Riedel CA, Bueno SM, Kalergis AM. From animal studies into clinical trials: the relevance of animal models to develop vaccines and therapies to reduce disease severity and prevent hRSV infection. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2022; 17:1237-1259. [PMID: 36093605 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2022.2123468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is an important cause of lower respiratory tract infections in the pediatric and the geriatric population worldwide. There is a substantial economic burden resulting from hRSV disease during winter. Although no vaccines have been approved for human use, prophylactic therapies are available for high-risk populations. Choosing the proper animal models to evaluate different vaccine prototypes or pharmacological treatments is essential for developing efficient therapies against hRSV. AREAS COVERED This article describes the relevance of using different animal models to evaluate the effect of antiviral drugs, pharmacological molecules, vaccine prototypes, and antibodies in the protection against hRSV. The animal models covered are rodents, mustelids, bovines, and nonhuman primates. Animals included were chosen based on the available literature and their role in the development of the drugs discussed in this manuscript. EXPERT OPINION Choosing the correct animal model is critical for exploring and testing treatments that could decrease the impact of hRSV in high-risk populations. Mice will continue to be the most used preclinical model to evaluate this. However, researchers must also explore the use of other models such as nonhuman primates, as they are more similar to humans, prior to escalating into clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Soto
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - N M S Galvez
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - D B Rivera
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - F E Díaz
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - C A Riedel
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - S M Bueno
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - A M Kalergis
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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12
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Baldassarri S, Benati D, D’Alessio F, Patrizi C, Cattin E, Gentile M, Raggioli A, Recchia A. Engineered Sleeping Beauty Transposon as Efficient System to Optimize Chimp Adenoviral Production. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147538. [PMID: 35886882 PMCID: PMC9316264 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleeping Beauty (SB) is the first DNA transposon employed for efficient transposition in vertebrate cells, opening new applications for genetic engineering and gene therapies. A transposon-based gene delivery system holds the favourable features of non-viral vectors and an attractive safety profile. Here, we employed SB to engineer HEK293 cells for optimizing the production of a chimpanzee Adenovector (chAd) belonging to the Human Mastadenovirus C species. To date, chAd vectors are employed in several clinical settings for infectious diseases, last but not least COVID-19. A robust, efficient and quick viral vector production could advance the clinical application of chAd vectors. To this aim, we firstly swapped the hAd5 E1 with chAd-C E1 gene by using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. We demonstrated that in the absence of human Ad5 E1, chimp Ad-C E1 gene did not support HEK293 survival. To improve chAd-C vector production, we engineered HEK293 cells to stably express the chAd-C precursor terminal protein (ch.pTP), which plays a crucial role in chimpanzee Adenoviral DNA replication. The results indicate that exogenous ch.pTP expression significantly ameliorate the packaging and amplification of recombinant chAd-C vectors thus, the engineered HEK293ch.pTP cells could represent a superior packaging cell line for the production of these vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Baldassarri
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy; (S.B.); (D.B.); (C.P.); (E.C.)
| | - Daniela Benati
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy; (S.B.); (D.B.); (C.P.); (E.C.)
| | - Federica D’Alessio
- ReiThera S.r.l., 00128 Rome, Italy; (F.D.); (M.G.); (A.R.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Clarissa Patrizi
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy; (S.B.); (D.B.); (C.P.); (E.C.)
| | - Eleonora Cattin
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy; (S.B.); (D.B.); (C.P.); (E.C.)
| | | | | | - Alessandra Recchia
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy; (S.B.); (D.B.); (C.P.); (E.C.)
- Correspondence:
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13
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Coughlan L, Kremer EJ, Shayakhmetov DM. Adenovirus-based vaccines-a platform for pandemic preparedness against emerging viral pathogens. Mol Ther 2022; 30:1822-1849. [PMID: 35092844 PMCID: PMC8801892 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Zoonotic viruses continually pose a pandemic threat. Infection of humans with viruses for which we typically have little or no prior immunity can result in epidemics with high morbidity and mortality. These epidemics can have public health and economic impact and can exacerbate civil unrest or political instability. Changes in human behavior in the past few decades-increased global travel, farming intensification, the exotic animal trade, and the impact of global warming on animal migratory patterns, habitats, and ecosystems-contribute to the increased frequency of cross-species transmission events. Investing in the pre-clinical advancement of vaccine candidates against diverse emerging viral threats is crucial for pandemic preparedness. Replication-defective adenoviral (Ad) vectors have demonstrated their utility as an outbreak-responsive vaccine platform during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. Ad vectors are easy to engineer; are amenable to rapid, inexpensive manufacturing; are relatively safe and immunogenic in humans; and, importantly, do not require specialized cold-chain storage, making them an ideal platform for equitable global distribution or stockpiling. In this review, we discuss the progress in applying Ad-based vaccines against emerging viruses and summarize their global safety profile, as reflected by their widespread geographic use during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynda Coughlan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health (CVD), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Eric J Kremer
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, CNRS 5535, Montpellier, France.
| | - Dmitry M Shayakhmetov
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Emory Vaccine Center, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Discovery and Developmental Therapeutics Program, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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14
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Bergeron HC, Tripp RA. Immunopathology of RSV: An Updated Review. Viruses 2021; 13:2478. [PMID: 34960746 PMCID: PMC8703574 DOI: 10.3390/v13122478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
RSV is a leading cause of respiratory tract disease in infants and the elderly. RSV has limited therapeutic interventions and no FDA-approved vaccine. Gaps in our understanding of virus-host interactions and immunity contribute to the lack of biological countermeasures. This review updates the current understanding of RSV immunity and immunopathology with a focus on interferon responses, animal modeling, and correlates of protection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ralph A. Tripp
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA;
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15
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Pérez P, Martín-Acebes MA, Poderoso T, Lázaro-Frías A, Saiz JC, Sorzano CÓS, Esteban M, García-Arriaza J. The combined vaccination protocol of DNA/MVA expressing Zika virus structural proteins as efficient inducer of T and B cell immune responses. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021; 10:1441-1456. [PMID: 34213405 PMCID: PMC8284158 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2021.1951624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne pathogen with public health importance due to the high risk of its mosquito vector dissemination and the severe neurological and teratogenic sequelae associated with infection. Vaccines with broad immune specificity and control against this re-emerging virus are needed. Here, we described that mice immunized with a priming dose of a DNA plasmid mammalian expression vector encoding ZIKV prM-E antigens (DNA-ZIKV) followed by a booster dose of a modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) vector expressing the same prM-E ZIKV antigens (MVA-ZIKV) induced broad, polyfunctional and long-lasting ZIKV-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell immune responses, with high levels of CD4+ T follicular helper cells, together with the induction of neutralizing antibodies. All those immune parameters were significantly stronger in the heterologous DNA-ZIKV/MVA-ZIKV immunization group compared to the homologous prime/boost immunizations regimens. Collectively, these results provided an optimized immunization protocol able to induce high levels of ZIKV-specific T-cell responses, as well as neutralizing antibodies and reinforce the combined use of DNA-based vectors and MVA-ZIKV as promising prophylactic vaccination schedule against ZIKV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Pérez
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Martín-Acebes
- Department of Biotechnology, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Poderoso
- Molecular Virology Group, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adrián Lázaro-Frías
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan-Carlos Saiz
- Department of Biotechnology, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Óscar S. Sorzano
- Biocomputing Unit, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano Esteban
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain, Mariano Esteban
| | - Juan García-Arriaza
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain,Juan García-Arriaza
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16
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D'Alise AM, Leoni G, De Lucia M, Langone F, Nocchi L, Tucci FG, Micarelli E, Cotugno G, Troise F, Garzia I, Vitale R, Bignone V, Di Matteo E, Bartolomeo R, Charych DH, Lahm A, Zalevsky J, Nicosia A, Scarselli E. Maximizing cancer therapy via complementary mechanisms of immune activation: PD-1 blockade, neoantigen vaccination, and Tregs depletion. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2021-003480. [PMID: 34824160 PMCID: PMC8627409 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A number of different immune pathways are involved in the effective killing of cancer cells, collectively named as the ‘Cancer Immunity Cycle’. Anti-PD-1 checkpoint blockade (CPB) therapy is active on one of these pathways and reinvigorates anticancer T cell immunity, leading to long-term responses in a limited fraction of patients with cancer. We have previously shown that neoantigens-based adenovirus vectored vaccine in combination with anti-PD-1 further expands pre-existing anticancer immunity and elicits novel neoantigen-specific T cells thereby increasing efficacy to 50% of tumor clearance in mice. Here we added a third component to the CPB plus vaccine combination, which is able to modify the suppressive tumor microenvironment by reducing the number of tumor-infiltrating regulatory T cells (Tregs), as strategy for improving the therapeutic efficacy and overcoming resistance. Methods The antitumor efficacy of anti-PD-1, neoantigen vaccine and Treg modulating agents, either Bempegaldesleukin (BEMPEG: NKTR-214) or an anti-CTLA-4 mAb with Treg-depleting activity, was investigated in murine tumor models. We evaluated tumor growth in treated animals, neoantigen-specific T cells in tumors, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and intratumoral Tregs. Results The addition of BEMPEG or anti-CTLA-4 to the combination of vaccine and anti-PD-1 led to complete eradication of large tumors in nearby 100% of treated animals, in association with expansion and activation of cancer neoantigen-specific T cells and reduction of tumor-infiltrating Tregs. Conclusion These data support the notion that the integrated regulation of three steps of the cancer immunity cycle, including expansion of neoantigen-specific T cells, reversal of the exhausted T cell phenotype together with the reduction of intratumoral Tregs may represent a novel rationally designed drug combination approach to achieve higher cure rates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alfredo Nicosia
- NousCom, Rome, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Campania, Italy
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17
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The Combined Expression of the Non-structural Protein NS1 and the N-Terminal Half of NS2 (NS2 1-180) by ChAdOx1 and MVA Confers Protection against Clinical Disease in Sheep upon Bluetongue Virus Challenge. J Virol 2021; 96:e0161421. [PMID: 34787454 PMCID: PMC8826911 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01614-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Bluetongue, caused by bluetongue virus (BTV), is a widespread arthropod-borne disease of ruminants that entails a recurrent threat to the primary sector of developed and developing countries. In this work, we report modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) and ChAdOx1-vectored vaccines designed to simultaneously express the immunogenic NS1 protein and/or NS2-Nt, the N-terminal half of protein NS2 (NS21-180). A single dose of MVA or ChAdOx1 expressing NS1-NS2-Nt improved the protection conferred by NS1 alone in IFNAR(-/-) mice. Moreover, mice immunized with ChAdOx1/MVA-NS1, ChAdOx1/MVA-NS2-Nt, or ChAdOx1/MVA-NS1-NS2-Nt developed strong cytotoxic CD8+ T-cell responses against NS1, NS2-Nt, or both proteins and were fully protected against a lethal infection with BTV serotypes 1, 4, and 8. Furthermore, although a single immunization with ChAdOx1-NS1-NS2-Nt partially protected sheep against BTV-4, the administration of a booster dose of MVA-NS1-NS2-Nt promoted a faster viral clearance, reduction of the period and level of viremia and also protected from the pathology produced by BTV infection. IMPORTANCE Current BTV vaccines are effective but they do not allow to distinguish between vaccinated and infected animals (DIVA strategy) and are serotype specific. In this work we have develop a DIVA multiserotype vaccination strategy based on adenoviral (ChAdOx1) and MVA vaccine vectors, the most widely used in current phase I and II clinical trials, and the conserved nonstructural BTV proteins NS1 and NS2. This immunization strategy solves the major drawbacks of the current marketed vaccines.
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18
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Glowinski R, Mejias A, Ramilo O. New preventive strategies for respiratory syncytial virus infection in children. Curr Opin Virol 2021; 51:216-223. [PMID: 34781106 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2021.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections result in significant morbidity and mortality for young children worldwide. The development of preventive strategies for RSV has faced different challenges, including the legacy of the first vaccine attempt, and an incomplete understanding of the host immune response to the virus. However, promising preventive strategies against RSV are in the pipeline and their development has advanced rapidly in the past decade due in part to our improved knowledge about the structural conformation of key RSV proteins. These strategies include monoclonal antibodies and different vaccines platforms directed towards the main target populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Glowinski
- Center for Vaccines & Immunity, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital and The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Asuncion Mejias
- Center for Vaccines & Immunity, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital and The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital and The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Pediatrics, Malaga Medical School (UMA), Malaga University, Spain
| | - Octavio Ramilo
- Center for Vaccines & Immunity, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital and The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital and The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.
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19
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Elkashif A, Alhashimi M, Sayedahmed EE, Sambhara S, Mittal SK. Adenoviral vector-based platforms for developing effective vaccines to combat respiratory viral infections. Clin Transl Immunology 2021; 10:e1345. [PMID: 34667600 PMCID: PMC8510854 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the development of the first vaccine against smallpox over two centuries ago, vaccination strategies have been at the forefront of significantly impacting the incidences of infectious diseases globally. However, the increase in the human population, deforestation and climate change, and the rise in worldwide travel have favored the emergence of new viruses with the potential to cause pandemics. The ongoing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic is a cruel reminder of the impact of novel pathogens and the suboptimal capabilities of conventional vaccines. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new vaccine strategies that allow the production of billions of doses in a short duration and are broadly protective against emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases. Extensive knowledge of the molecular biology and immunology of adenoviruses (Ad) has favored Ad vectors as platforms for vaccine design. The Ad-based vaccine platform represents an attractive strategy as it induces robust humoral and cell-mediated immune responses and can meet the global demand in a pandemic situation. This review describes the status of Ad vector-based vaccines in preclinical and clinical studies for current and emerging respiratory viruses, particularly coronaviruses, influenza viruses and respiratory syncytial viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Elkashif
- Department of Comparative PathobiologyPurdue Institute for Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, and Purdue University Center for Cancer ResearchCollege of Veterinary MedicinePurdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA
| | - Marwa Alhashimi
- Department of Comparative PathobiologyPurdue Institute for Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, and Purdue University Center for Cancer ResearchCollege of Veterinary MedicinePurdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA
| | - Ekramy E Sayedahmed
- Department of Comparative PathobiologyPurdue Institute for Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, and Purdue University Center for Cancer ResearchCollege of Veterinary MedicinePurdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA
| | | | - Suresh K Mittal
- Department of Comparative PathobiologyPurdue Institute for Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, and Purdue University Center for Cancer ResearchCollege of Veterinary MedicinePurdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA
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20
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Saied AA, Metwally AA, Mohamed HMA, Haridy MAM. The contribution of bovines to human health against viral infections. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:46999-47023. [PMID: 34272669 PMCID: PMC8284698 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14941-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
In the last 40 years, novel viruses have evolved at a much faster pace than other pathogens. Viral diseases pose a significant threat to public health around the world. Bovines have a longstanding history of significant contributions to human nutrition, agricultural, industrial purposes, medical research, drug and vaccine development, and livelihood. The life cycle, genomic structures, viral proteins, and pathophysiology of bovine viruses studied in vitro paved the way for understanding the human counterparts. Calf model has been used for testing vaccines against RSV, papillomavirus vaccines and anti-HCV agents were principally developed after using the BPV and BVDV model, respectively. Some bovine viruses-based vaccines (BPIV-3 and bovine rotaviruses) were successfully developed, clinically tried, and commercially produced. Cows, immunized with HIV envelope glycoprotein, produced effective broadly neutralizing antibodies in their serum and colostrum against HIV. Here, we have summarized a few examples of human viral infections for which the use of bovines has contributed to the acquisition of new knowledge to improve human health against viral infections covering the convergence between some human and bovine viruses and using bovines as disease models. Additionally, the production of vaccines and drugs, bovine-based products were covered, and the precautions in dealing with bovines and bovine-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- AbdulRahman A Saied
- Department of Food Establishments Licensing (Aswan Branch), National Food Safety Authority (NFSA), Aswan, 81511, Egypt.
- Touristic Activities and Interior Offices Sector (Aswan Office), Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities, Aswan, 81511, Egypt.
| | - Asmaa A Metwally
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology, and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan, 81511, Egypt
| | - Hams M A Mohamed
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt
| | - Mohie A M Haridy
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt.
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21
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Capone S, Raggioli A, Gentile M, Battella S, Lahm A, Sommella A, Contino AM, Urbanowicz RA, Scala R, Barra F, Leuzzi A, Lilli E, Miselli G, Noto A, Ferraiuolo M, Talotta F, Tsoleridis T, Castilletti C, Matusali G, Colavita F, Lapa D, Meschi S, Capobianchi M, Soriani M, Folgori A, Ball JK, Colloca S, Vitelli A. Immunogenicity of a new gorilla adenovirus vaccine candidate for COVID-19. Mol Ther 2021; 29:2412-2423. [PMID: 33895322 PMCID: PMC8062434 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the emergent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) threatens global public health, and there is an urgent need to develop safe and effective vaccines. Here, we report the generation and the preclinical evaluation of a novel replication-defective gorilla adenovirus-vectored vaccine encoding the pre-fusion stabilized Spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2. We show that our vaccine candidate, GRAd-COV2, is highly immunogenic both in mice and macaques, eliciting both functional antibodies that neutralize SARS-CoV-2 infection and block Spike protein binding to the ACE2 receptor, and a robust, T helper (Th)1-dominated cellular response. We show here that the pre-fusion stabilized Spike antigen is superior to the wild type in inducing ACE2-interfering, SARS-CoV-2-neutralizing antibodies. To face the unprecedented need for vaccine manufacturing at a massive scale, different GRAd genome deletions were compared to select the vector backbone showing the highest productivity in stirred tank bioreactors. This preliminary dataset identified GRAd-COV2 as a potential COVID-19 vaccine candidate, supporting the translation of the GRAd-COV2 vaccine in a currently ongoing phase I clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04528641).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Richard A Urbanowicz
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; Wolfson Centre for Emerging Virus Research, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Theocharis Tsoleridis
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; Wolfson Centre for Emerging Virus Research, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Concetta Castilletti
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Matusali
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Colavita
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Lapa
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Meschi
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Capobianchi
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Jonathan K Ball
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; Wolfson Centre for Emerging Virus Research, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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22
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Alhashimi M, Elkashif A, Sayedahmed EE, Mittal SK. Nonhuman Adenoviral Vector-Based Platforms and Their Utility in Designing Next Generation of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases. Viruses 2021; 13:1493. [PMID: 34452358 PMCID: PMC8402644 DOI: 10.3390/v13081493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Several human adenoviral (Ad) vectors have been developed for vaccine delivery owing to their numerous advantages, including the feasibility of different vector designs, the robustness of elicited immune responses, safety, and scalability. To expand the repertoire of Ad vectors for receptor usage and circumvention of Ad vector immunity, the use of less prevalent human Ad types or nonhuman Ads were explored for vector design. Notably, many nonhuman Ad vectors have shown great promise in preclinical and clinical studies as vectors for vaccine delivery. This review describes the key features of several nonhuman Ad vector platforms and their implications in developing effective vaccines against infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Suresh K. Mittal
- Immunology and Infectious Disease, and Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue Institute for Inflammation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2027, USA; (M.A.); (A.E.); (E.E.S.)
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23
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de Graaf H, Payne RO, Taylor I, Miura K, Long CA, Elias SC, Zaric M, Minassian AM, Silk SE, Li L, Poulton ID, Baker M, Draper SJ, Gbesemete D, Brendish NJ, Martins F, Marini A, Mekhaiel D, Edwards NJ, Roberts R, Vekemans J, Moyle S, Faust SN, Berrie E, Lawrie AM, Hill F, Hill AVS, Biswas S. Safety and Immunogenicity of ChAd63/MVA Pfs25-IMX313 in a Phase I First-in-Human Trial. Front Immunol 2021; 12:694759. [PMID: 34335606 PMCID: PMC8318801 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.694759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Transmission blocking vaccines targeting the sexual-stages of the malaria parasite could play a major role to achieve elimination and eradication of malaria. The Plasmodium falciparum Pfs25 protein (Pfs25) is the most clinically advanced candidate sexual-stage antigen. IMX313, a complement inhibitor C4b-binding protein that forms heptamers with the antigen fused to it, improve antibody responses. This is the first time that viral vectors have been used to induce antibodies in humans against an antigen that is expressed only in the mosquito vector. Methods Clinical trial looking at safety and immunogenicity of two recombinant viral vectored vaccines encoding Pfs25-IMX313 in healthy malaria-naive adults. Replication-deficient chimpanzee adenovirus serotype 63 (ChAd63) and the attenuated orthopoxvirus modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA), encoding Pfs25-IMX313, were delivered by the intramuscular route in a heterologous prime-boost regimen using an 8-week interval. Safety data and samples for immunogenicity assays were taken at various time-points. Results The reactogenicity of the vaccines was similar to that seen in previous trials using the same viral vectors encoding other antigens. The vaccines were immunogenic and induced both antibody and T cell responses against Pfs25, but significant transmission reducing activity (TRA) was not observed in most volunteers by standard membrane feeding assay. Conclusion Both vaccines were well tolerated and demonstrated a favorable safety profile in malaria-naive adults. However, the transmission reducing activity of the antibodies generated were weak, suggesting the need for an alternative vaccine formulation. Trial Registration Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02532049.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans de Graaf
- NIHR Clinical Research Facility, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth O Payne
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Iona Taylor
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kazutoyo Miura
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Carol A Long
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Sean C Elias
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Marija Zaric
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sarah E Silk
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Lee Li
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ian D Poulton
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Megan Baker
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Simon J Draper
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Diane Gbesemete
- NIHR Clinical Research Facility, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Nathan J Brendish
- NIHR Clinical Research Facility, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Filipa Martins
- NIHR Clinical Research Facility, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Arianna Marini
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - David Mekhaiel
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nick J Edwards
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Roberts
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sarah Moyle
- Clinical Biomanufacturing Facility, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Saul N Faust
- NIHR Clinical Research Facility, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Eleanor Berrie
- Clinical Biomanufacturing Facility, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alison M Lawrie
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Adrian V S Hill
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sumi Biswas
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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24
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Drysdale SB, Barr RS, Rollier CS, Green CA, Pollard AJ, Sande CJ. Priorities for developing respiratory syncytial virus vaccines in different target populations. Sci Transl Med 2021; 12:12/535/eaax2466. [PMID: 32188721 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aax2466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The development of an effective vaccine against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) has been hampered by major difficulties that occurred in the 1960s when a formalin-inactivated vaccine led to increased severity of RSV disease after acquisition of the virus in the RSV season after vaccination. Recent renewed efforts to develop a vaccine have resulted in about 38 candidate vaccines and monoclonal antibodies now in clinical development. The target populations for effective vaccination are varied and include neonates, young children, pregnant women, and older adults. The reasons for susceptibility to infection in each of these groups may be different and, therefore, could require different vaccine types for induction of protective immune responses, adding a further challenge for vaccine development. Here, we review the current knowledge of RSV vaccine development for these target populations and propose a view and rationale for prioritizing RSV vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon B Drysdale
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK. .,Institute of Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Rachael S Barr
- Taunton and Somerset NHS Foundation Trust, Taunton TA1 5DA, UK
| | - Christine S Rollier
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Christopher A Green
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Andrew J Pollard
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK.,Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Charles J Sande
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK. .,KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi 80108, Kenya
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25
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Sande CJ. Implementation strategies for passive respiratory syncytial virus immunisation. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2021; 21:1200-1201. [PMID: 33965061 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30717-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charles J Sande
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi 80108, Kenya.
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26
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Shan J, Britton PN, King CL, Booy R. The immunogenicity and safety of respiratory syncytial virus vaccines in development: A systematic review. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2021; 15:539-551. [PMID: 33764693 PMCID: PMC8189192 DOI: 10.1111/irv.12850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of acute lower respiratory infection globally. There are vaccine candidates in development, but a systematic review on immunogenicity and safety of vaccine is lacking. Methods This systematic review of RSV vaccine clinical trials was undertaken using four databases. Searches were conducted using both controlled vocabulary terms such as “Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human,” “Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections,” “Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines,” “Immunization,” “Immunization Programs” and “Vaccines” and corresponding text word terms. The included studies were limited to clinical trials published from January 2000 to 31 December 2020. RSV infection case was defined as RSV‐associated medically attended acute respiratory illness (MAARI) or RSV infection by serologically confirmed test (Western blot) during the RSV surveillance period. We calculated the relative risk of each vaccine trial with RSV infection case. Results Of 6306 publications, 38 were included and data were extracted covering four major types of RSV vaccine candidates, these being live‐attenuated/chimeric (n = 14), recombinant‐vector (n = 6), subunit (n = 12) and nanoparticle vaccines (n = 6). For RSV infection cases, nine trials were involved and none of them showed a vaccine‐related increased MAARI during RSV surveillance season. Conclusion LID ∆M2‐2, MEDI M2‐2, RSVcps2 and LID/∆M2‐2 /1030s (live‐attenuated) were considered the most promising vaccine candidates in infant and children. In the elderly, a nanoparticle F vaccine candidate and Ad26.RSV.preF were considered as two potential effective vaccines. A promising maternal vaccine candidate is still lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Shan
- Anhui Provincial Children Hospital, Hefei, China.,The Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Philip N Britton
- The Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Catherine L King
- National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance (NCIRS), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Robert Booy
- The Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
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27
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Cicconi P, Jones C, Sarkar E, Silva-Reyes L, Klenerman P, de Lara C, Hutchings C, Moris P, Janssens M, Fissette LA, Picciolato M, Leach A, Gonzalez-Lopez A, Dieussaert I, Snape MD. First-in-Human Randomized Study to Assess the Safety and Immunogenicity of an Investigational Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Vaccine Based on Chimpanzee-Adenovirus-155 Viral Vector-Expressing RSV Fusion, Nucleocapsid, and Antitermination Viral Proteins in Healthy Adults. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 70:2073-2081. [PMID: 31340042 PMCID: PMC7201425 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciz653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease is a major cause of infant morbidity and mortality. This Phase I, randomized, observer-blind, placebo- and active-controlled study evaluated an investigational vaccine against RSV (ChAd155-RSV) using the viral vector chimpanzee-adenovirus-155, encoding RSV fusion (F), nucleocapsid, and transcription antitermination proteins. Methods Healthy 18–45-year-old adults received ChAd155-RSV, a placebo, or an active control (Bexsero) at Days (D) 0 and 30. An escalation from a low dose (5 × 109 viral particles) to a high dose (5 × 1010 viral particles) occurred after the first 16 participants. Endpoints were solicited/unsolicited and serious adverse events (SAEs), biochemical/hematological parameters, cell-mediated immunogenicity by enzyme-linked immunospot, functional neutralizing antibodies, anti RSV-F immunoglobin (Ig) G, and ChAd155 neutralizing antibodies. Results There were 7 participants who received the ChAd155-RSV low dose, 31 who received the ChAd155-RSV high dose, 19 who received the placebo, and 15 who received the active control. No dose-related toxicity or attributable SAEs at the 1-year follow-up were observed. The RSV-A neutralizing antibodies geometric mean titer ratios (post/pre-immunization) following a high dose were 2.6 (D30) and 2.3 (D60). The ratio of the fold-rise (D0 to D30) in anti-F IgG over the fold-rise in RSV-A–neutralizing antibodies was 1.01. At D7 after the high dose of the study vaccine, the median frequencies of circulating B-cells secreting anti-F antibodies were 133.3/106 (IgG) and 16.7/106 (IgA) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The median frequency of RSV-F–specific interferon γ–secreting T-cells after a ChAd155-RSV high dose was 108.3/106 PBMCs at D30, with no increase after the second dose. Conclusions In adults previously naturally exposed to RSV, ChAd155-RSV generated increases in specific humoral and cellular immune responses without raising significant safety concerns. Clinical Trials Registration NCT02491463.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Cicconi
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Jones
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Esha Sarkar
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Silva-Reyes
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine de Lara
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Hutchings
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Matthew D Snape
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Centre, United Kingdom
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28
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Harnessing Cellular Immunity for Vaccination against Respiratory Viruses. Vaccines (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8040783
expr 839529059 + 832255227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe respiratory viral infections, such as influenza, metapneumovirus (HMPV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), rhinovirus (RV), and coronaviruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), cause significant mortality and morbidity worldwide. These viruses have been identified as important causative agents of acute respiratory disease in infants, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. Clinical signs of infection range from mild upper respiratory illness to more serious lower respiratory illness, including bronchiolitis and pneumonia. Additionally, these illnesses can have long-lasting impact on patient health well beyond resolution of the viral infection. Aside from influenza, there are currently no licensed vaccines against these viruses. However, several research groups have tested various vaccine candidates, including those that utilize attenuated virus, virus-like particles (VLPs), protein subunits, and nanoparticles, as well as recent RNA vaccines, with several of these approaches showing promise. Historically, vaccine candidates have advanced, dependent upon the ability to activate the humoral immune response, specifically leading to strong B cell responses and neutralizing antibody production. More recently, it has been recognized that the cellular immune response is also critical in proper resolution of viral infection and protection against detrimental immunopathology associated with severe disease and therefore, must also be considered when analyzing the efficacy and safety of vaccine candidates. These candidates would ideally result in robust CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses as well as high-affinity neutralizing antibody. This review will aim to summarize established and new approaches that are being examined to harness the cellular immune response during respiratory viral vaccination.
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29
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Lukacs NW, Malinczak CA. Harnessing Cellular Immunity for Vaccination against Respiratory Viruses. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:783. [PMID: 33371275 PMCID: PMC7766447 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8040783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe respiratory viral infections, such as influenza, metapneumovirus (HMPV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), rhinovirus (RV), and coronaviruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), cause significant mortality and morbidity worldwide. These viruses have been identified as important causative agents of acute respiratory disease in infants, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. Clinical signs of infection range from mild upper respiratory illness to more serious lower respiratory illness, including bronchiolitis and pneumonia. Additionally, these illnesses can have long-lasting impact on patient health well beyond resolution of the viral infection. Aside from influenza, there are currently no licensed vaccines against these viruses. However, several research groups have tested various vaccine candidates, including those that utilize attenuated virus, virus-like particles (VLPs), protein subunits, and nanoparticles, as well as recent RNA vaccines, with several of these approaches showing promise. Historically, vaccine candidates have advanced, dependent upon the ability to activate the humoral immune response, specifically leading to strong B cell responses and neutralizing antibody production. More recently, it has been recognized that the cellular immune response is also critical in proper resolution of viral infection and protection against detrimental immunopathology associated with severe disease and therefore, must also be considered when analyzing the efficacy and safety of vaccine candidates. These candidates would ideally result in robust CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses as well as high-affinity neutralizing antibody. This review will aim to summarize established and new approaches that are being examined to harness the cellular immune response during respiratory viral vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas W. Lukacs
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
- Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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30
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Alsaleh G, Panse I, Swadling L, Zhang H, Richter FC, Meyer A, Lord J, Barnes E, Klenerman P, Green C, Simon AK. Autophagy in T cells from aged donors is maintained by spermidine and correlates with function and vaccine responses. eLife 2020; 9:e57950. [PMID: 33317695 PMCID: PMC7744099 DOI: 10.7554/elife.57950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccines are powerful tools to develop immune memory to infectious diseases and prevent excess mortality. In older adults, however vaccines are generally less efficacious and the molecular mechanisms that underpin this remain largely unknown. Autophagy, a process known to prevent aging, is critical for the maintenance of immune memory in mice. Here, we show that autophagy is specifically induced in vaccine-induced antigen-specific CD8+ T cells in healthy human volunteers. In addition, reduced IFNγ secretion by RSV-induced T cells in older vaccinees correlates with low autophagy levels. We demonstrate that levels of the endogenous autophagy-inducing metabolite spermidine fall in human T cells with age. Spermidine supplementation in T cells from old donors recovers their autophagy level and function, similar to young donors' cells, in which spermidine biosynthesis has been inhibited. Finally, our data show that endogenous spermidine maintains autophagy via the translation factor eIF5A and transcription factor TFEB. In summary, we have provided evidence for the importance of autophagy in vaccine immunogenicity in older humans and uncovered two novel drug targets that may increase vaccination efficiency in the aging context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada Alsaleh
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Isabel Panse
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Leo Swadling
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Hanlin Zhang
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Felix Clemens Richter
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Alain Meyer
- Fédération de médecine translationnelle Université de StrasbourgStrasbourgFrance
| | - Janet Lord
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of BirminghamBirminghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Eleanor Barnes
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research,Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, John Radcliffe HospitalOxfordUnited Kingdom
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe HospitalOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research,Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, John Radcliffe HospitalOxfordUnited Kingdom
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe HospitalOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Christopher Green
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Anna Katharina Simon
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
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31
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Abstract
Gene therapy is emerging as a treatment option for inherited genetic diseases. The success of this treatment approach greatly depends upon gene delivery vectors. Researchers have attempted to harness the potential of viral vectors for gene therapy applications over many decades. Among the viral vectors available, gutless adenovirus (GLAd) has been recognized as one of the most promising vectors for in vivo gene delivery. GLAd is constructed by deleting all the viral genes from an adenovirus. Owing to this structural feature, the production of GLAd requires a helper that supplies viral proteins in trans. Conventionally, the helper is an adenovirus. Although the helper adenovirus efficiently provides helper functions, it remains as an unavoidable contaminant and also generates replication-competent adenovirus (RCA) during the production of GLAd. These two undesirable contaminants have raised safety concerns and hindered the clinical applications of GLAd. Recently, we developed helper virus-free gutless adenovirus (HF-GLAd), a new version of GLAd, which is produced by a helper plasmid instead of a helper adenovirus. Utilization of this helper plasmid eliminated the helper adenovirus and RCA contamination in the production of GLAd. HF-GLAd, devoid of helper adenovirus and RCA contaminants, will facilitate its clinical applications. In this review, we discuss the characteristics of adenoviruses, the evolution and production of adenoviral vectors, and the unique features of HF-GLAd as a new platform for gene therapy. Furthermore, we highlight the potential applications of HF-GLAd as a gene delivery vector for the treatment of various inherited genetic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jida Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Dai-Wu Seol
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
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32
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Sasso E, D'Alise AM, Zambrano N, Scarselli E, Folgori A, Nicosia A. New viral vectors for infectious diseases and cancer. Semin Immunol 2020; 50:101430. [PMID: 33262065 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2020.101430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery in 1796 by Edward Jenner of vaccinia virus as a way to prevent and finally eradicate smallpox, the concept of using a virus to fight another virus has evolved into the current approaches of viral vectored genetic vaccines. In recent years, key improvements to the vaccinia virus leading to a safer version (Modified Vaccinia Ankara, MVA) and the discovery that some viruses can be used as carriers of heterologous genes encoding for pathological antigens of other infectious agents (the concept of 'viral vectors') has spurred a new wave of clinical research potentially providing for a solution for the long sought after vaccines against major diseases such as HIV, TB, RSV and Malaria, or emerging infectious diseases including those caused by filoviruses and coronaviruses. The unique ability of some of these viral vectors to stimulate the cellular arm of the immune response and, most importantly, T lymphocytes with cell killing activity, has also reawakened the interest toward developing therapeutic vaccines against chronic infectious diseases and cancer. To this end, existing vectors such as those based on Adenoviruses have been improved in immunogenicity and efficacy. Along the same line, new vectors that exploit viruses such as Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSV), Measles Virus (MV), Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV), have emerged. Furthermore, technological progress toward modifying their genome to render some of these vectors incompetent for replication has increased confidence toward their use in infant and elderly populations. Lastly, their production process being the same for every product has made viral vectored vaccines the technology of choice for rapid development of vaccines against emerging diseases and for 'personalised' cancer vaccines where there is an absolute need to reduce time to the patient from months to weeks or days. Here we review the recent developments in viral vector technologies, focusing on novel vectors based on primate derived Adenoviruses and Poxviruses, Rhabdoviruses, Paramixoviruses, Arenaviruses and Herpesviruses. We describe the rationale for, immunologic mechanisms involved in, and design of viral vectored gene vaccines under development and discuss the potential utility of these novel genetic vaccine approaches in eliciting protection against infectious diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Sasso
- Nouscom srl, Via di Castel Romano 100, 00128 Rome, Italy; Ceinge-Biotecnologie Avanzate S.C. A.R.L., via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy.
| | | | - Nicola Zambrano
- Ceinge-Biotecnologie Avanzate S.C. A.R.L., via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy; Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | | | | | - Alfredo Nicosia
- Ceinge-Biotecnologie Avanzate S.C. A.R.L., via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy; Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
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33
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Current State and Challenges in Developing Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8040672. [PMID: 33187337 PMCID: PMC7711987 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8040672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the main cause of acute respiratory tract infections in infants and it also induces significant disease in the elderly. The clinical course may be severe, especially in high-risk populations (infants and elderly), with a large number of deaths in developing countries and of intensive care hospitalizations worldwide. To date, prevention strategies against RSV infection is based on hygienic measures and passive immunization with humanized monoclonal antibodies, limited to selected high-risk children due to their high costs. The development of a safe and effective vaccine is a global health need and an important objective of research in this field. A growing number of RSV vaccine candidates in different formats (particle-based vaccines, vector-based vaccines, subunit vaccines and live-attenuated vaccines) are being developed and are now at different stages, many of them already being in the clinical stage. While waiting for commercially available safe and effective vaccines, immune prophylaxis in selected groups of high-risk populations is still mandatory. This review summarizes the state-of-the-art of the RSV vaccine research and its implications for clinical practice, focusing on the characteristics of the vaccines that reached the clinical stage of development.
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34
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Liu J, Seol DW. Helper virus-free gutless adenovirus (HF-GLAd): a new platform for gene therapy. BMB Rep 2020; 53:565-575. [PMID: 32958121 PMCID: PMC7704218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 08/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy is emerging as a treatment option for inherited genetic diseases. The success of this treatment approach greatly depends upon gene delivery vectors. Researchers have attempted to harness the potential of viral vectors for gene therapy applications over many decades. Among the viral vectors available, gutless adenovirus (GLAd) has been recognized as one of the most promising vectors for in vivo gene delivery. GLAd is constructed by deleting all the viral genes from an adenovirus. Owing to this structural feature, the production of GLAd requires a helper that supplies viral proteins in trans. Conventionally, the helper is an adenovirus. Although the helper adenovirus efficiently provides helper functions, it remains as an unavoidable contaminant and also generates replicationcompetent adenovirus (RCA) during the production of GLAd. These two undesirable contaminants have raised safety concerns and hindered the clinical applications of GLAd. Recently, we developed helper virus-free gutless adenovirus (HF-GLAd), a new version of GLAd, which is produced by a helper plasmid instead of a helper adenovirus. Utilization of this helper plasmid eliminated the helper adenovirus and RCA contamination in the production of GLAd. HF-GLAd, devoid of helper adenovirus and RCA contaminants, will facilitate its clinical applications. In this review, we discuss the characteristics of adenoviruses, the evolution and production of adenoviral vectors, and the unique features of HF-GLAd as a new platform for gene therapy. Furthermore, we highlight the potential applications of HF-GLAd as a gene delivery vector for the treatment of various inherited genetic diseases. [BMB Reports 2020; 53(11): 565-575].
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Affiliation(s)
- Jida Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Dai-Wu Seol
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
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35
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Capone S, Brown A, Hartnell F, Sorbo MD, Traboni C, Vassilev V, Colloca S, Nicosia A, Cortese R, Folgori A, Klenerman P, Barnes E, Swadling L. Optimising T cell (re)boosting strategies for adenoviral and modified vaccinia Ankara vaccine regimens in humans. NPJ Vaccines 2020; 5:94. [PMID: 33083029 PMCID: PMC7550607 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-020-00240-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simian adenoviral and modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) viral vectors used in heterologous prime-boost strategies are potent inducers of T cells against encoded antigens and are in advanced testing as vaccine carriers for a wide range of infectious agents and cancers. It is unclear if these responses can be further enhanced or sustained with reboosting strategies. Furthermore, despite the challenges involved in MVA manufacture dose de-escalation has not been performed in humans. In this study, healthy volunteers received chimpanzee-derived adenovirus-3 and MVA vaccines encoding the non-structural region of hepatitis C virus (ChAd3-NSmut/MVA-NSmut) 8 weeks apart. Volunteers were then reboosted with a second round of ChAd3-NSmut/MVA-NSmut or MVA-NSmut vaccines 8 weeks or 1-year later. We also determined the capacity of reduced doses of MVA-NSmut to boost ChAd3-NSmut primed T cells. Reboosting was safe, with no enhanced reactogenicity. Reboosting after an 8-week interval led to minimal re-expansion of transgene-specific T cells. However, after a longer interval, T cell responses expanded efficiently and memory responses were enhanced. The 8-week interval regimen induced a higher percentage of terminally differentiated and effector memory T cells. Reboosting with MVA-NSmut alone was as effective as with ChAd3-NSmut/MVA-NSmut. A ten-fold lower dose of MVA (2 × 107pfu) induced high-magnitude, sustained, broad, and functional Hepatitis C virus (HCV)-specific T cell responses, equivalent to standard doses (2 × 108 pfu). Overall, we show that following Ad/MVA prime-boost vaccination reboosting is most effective after a prolonged interval and is productive with MVA alone. Importantly, we also show that a ten-fold lower dose of MVA is as potent in humans as the standard dose.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anthony Brown
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Cinzia Traboni
- ReiThera Srl, Via di Castel Romano, 100, 00128 Rome, Italy.,Present Address: Nouscom Srl, Via di Castel Romano, 100, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Alfredo Nicosia
- Keires AG, Baumleingasse 18, CH 4051 Basel, Switzerland.,CEINGE, via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Paul Klenerman
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Oxford NIHR BRC, and Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Oxford, UK.,The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Eleanor Barnes
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Oxford NIHR BRC, and Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Oxford, UK.,The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Leo Swadling
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Present Address: Rayne Institute, University College London, London, UK
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36
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Trovato M, Sartorius R, D’Apice L, Manco R, De Berardinis P. Viral Emerging Diseases: Challenges in Developing Vaccination Strategies. Front Immunol 2020; 11:2130. [PMID: 33013898 PMCID: PMC7494754 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decades, a number of infectious viruses have emerged from wildlife or re-emerged, generating serious threats to the global health and to the economy worldwide. Ebola and Marburg hemorrhagic fevers, Lassa fever, Dengue fever, Yellow fever, West Nile fever, Zika, and Chikungunya vector-borne diseases, Swine flu, Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and the recent Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are examples of zoonoses that have spread throughout the globe with such a significant impact on public health that the scientific community has been called for a rapid intervention in preventing and treating emerging infections. Vaccination is probably the most effective tool in helping the immune system to activate protective responses against pathogens, reducing morbidity and mortality, as proven by historical records. Under health emergency conditions, new and alternative approaches in vaccine design and development are imperative for a rapid and massive vaccination coverage, to manage a disease outbreak and curtail the epidemic spread. This review gives an update on the current vaccination strategies for some of the emerging/re-emerging viruses, and discusses challenges and hurdles to overcome for developing efficacious vaccines against future pathogens.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibody-Dependent Enhancement/immunology
- Betacoronavirus/immunology
- COVID-19
- COVID-19 Vaccines
- Communicable Diseases, Emerging/prevention & control
- Communicable Diseases, Emerging/virology
- Coronavirus Infections/immunology
- Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control
- Coronavirus Infections/therapy
- Coronavirus Infections/virology
- Cross Reactions/immunology
- Humans
- Immunization, Passive
- Pandemics/prevention & control
- Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control
- Pneumonia, Viral/therapy
- Pneumonia, Viral/virology
- SARS-CoV-2
- Vaccination
- Vaccines, Attenuated/immunology
- Vaccines, DNA/immunology
- Vaccines, Inactivated/immunology
- Vaccines, Subunit/immunology
- Viral Vaccines/immunology
- COVID-19 Serotherapy
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Trovato
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
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37
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Ha B, Yang JE, Chen X, Jadhao SJ, Wright ER, Anderson LJ. Two RSV Platforms for G, F, or G+F Proteins VLPs. Viruses 2020; 12:E906. [PMID: 32824936 PMCID: PMC7551478 DOI: 10.3390/v12090906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes substantial lower respiratory tract disease in children and at-risk adults. Though there are no effective anti-viral drugs for acute disease or licensed vaccines for RSV, palivizumab prophylaxis is available for some high risk infants. To support anti-viral and vaccine development efforts, we developed an RSV virus-like particle (VLP) platform to explore the role RSV F and G protein interactions in disease pathogenesis. Since VLPs are immunogenic and a proven platform for licensed human vaccines, we also considered these VLPs as potential vaccine candidates. We developed two RSV VLP platforms, M+P and M+M2-1 that had F and G, F and a G peptide, or a truncated F and G on their surface. Immunoblots of sucrose gradient purified particles showed co-expression of M, G, and F with both VLP platforms. Electron microscopy imaging and immunogold labeling confirmed VLP-like structures with surface exposed projections consistent with F and G proteins. In mice, the VLPs induced both anti-F and -G protein antibodies and, on challenge, reduced lung viral titer and inflammation. These data show that these RSV VLP platforms provide a tool to study the structure of F and G and their interactions and flexible platforms to develop VLP vaccines in which all components contribute to RSV-specific immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binh Ha
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine and Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (B.H.); (X.C.); (S.J.J.)
| | - Jie E. Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA;
| | - Xuemin Chen
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine and Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (B.H.); (X.C.); (S.J.J.)
| | - Samadhan J. Jadhao
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine and Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (B.H.); (X.C.); (S.J.J.)
| | - Elizabeth R. Wright
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA;
- Cryo-Electron Microscopy Research Center, Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Larry J. Anderson
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine and Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (B.H.); (X.C.); (S.J.J.)
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38
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Leoni G, D'Alise AM, Cotugno G, Langone F, Garzia I, De Lucia M, Fichera I, Vitale R, Bignone V, Tucci FG, Mori F, Leuzzi A, Di Matteo E, Troise F, Abbate A, Merone R, Ruzza V, Diodoro MG, Yadav M, Gordon-Alonso M, Vanhaver C, Panigada M, Soprana E, Siccardi A, Folgori A, Colloca S, van der Bruggen P, Nicosia A, Lahm A, Catanese MT, Scarselli E. A Genetic Vaccine Encoding Shared Cancer Neoantigens to Treat Tumors with Microsatellite Instability. Cancer Res 2020; 80:3972-3982. [PMID: 32690723 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-1072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tumors with microsatellite instability (MSI) are caused by a defective DNA mismatch repair system that leads to the accumulation of mutations within microsatellite regions. Indels in microsatellites of coding genes can result in the synthesis of frameshift peptides (FSP). FSPs are tumor-specific neoantigens shared across patients with MSI. In this study, we developed a neoantigen-based vaccine for the treatment of MSI tumors. Genetic sequences from 320 MSI tumor biopsies and matched healthy tissues in The Cancer Genome Atlas database were analyzed to select shared FSPs. Two hundred nine FSPs were selected and cloned into nonhuman Great Ape Adenoviral and Modified Vaccinia Ankara vectors to generate a viral-vectored vaccine, referred to as Nous-209. Sequencing tumor biopsies of 20 independent patients with MSI colorectal cancer revealed that a median number of 31 FSPs out of the 209 encoded by the vaccine was detected both in DNA and mRNA extracted from each tumor biopsy. A relevant number of peptides encoded by the vaccine were predicted to bind patient HLA haplotypes. Vaccine immunogenicity was demonstrated in mice with potent and broad induction of FSP-specific CD8 and CD4 T-cell responses. Moreover, a vaccine-encoded FSP was processed in vitro by human antigen-presenting cells and was subsequently able to activate human CD8 T cells. Nous-209 is an "off-the-shelf" cancer vaccine encoding many neoantigens shared across sporadic and hereditary MSI tumors. These results indicate that Nous-209 can induce the optimal breadth of immune responses that might achieve clinical benefit to treat and prevent MSI tumors. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings demonstrate the feasibility of an "off-the-shelf" vaccine for treatment and prevention of tumors harboring frameshift mutations and neoantigenic peptides as a result of microsatellite instability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Cristophe Vanhaver
- de Duve Institute and the Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maddalena Panigada
- Molecular Immunology Unit, San Raffaele Research Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Soprana
- Molecular Immunology Unit, San Raffaele Research Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Siccardi
- Molecular Immunology Unit, San Raffaele Research Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Alfredo Nicosia
- Nouscom AG, Bäumleingasse, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE, Via Comunale Margherita, Naples, Italy
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39
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Soto JA, Stephens LM, Waldstein KA, Canedo-Marroquín G, Varga SM, Kalergis AM. Current Insights in the Development of Efficacious Vaccines Against RSV. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1507. [PMID: 32765520 PMCID: PMC7379152 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A Soto
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Laura M Stephens
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Kody A Waldstein
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Gisela Canedo-Marroquín
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Steven M Varga
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.,Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Alexis M Kalergis
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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40
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Coughlan L. Factors Which Contribute to the Immunogenicity of Non-replicating Adenoviral Vectored Vaccines. Front Immunol 2020; 11:909. [PMID: 32508823 PMCID: PMC7248264 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenoviral vectors are a safe and potently immunogenic vaccine delivery platform. Non-replicating Ad vectors possess several attributes which make them attractive vaccines for infectious disease, including their capacity for high titer growth, ease of manipulation, safety, and immunogenicity in clinical studies, as well as their compatibility with clinical manufacturing and thermo-stabilization procedures. In general, Ad vectors are immunogenic vaccines, which elicit robust transgene antigen-specific cellular (namely CD8+ T cells) and/or humoral immune responses. A large number of adenoviruses isolated from humans and non-human primates, which have low seroprevalence in humans, have been vectorized and tested as vaccines in animal models and humans. However, a distinct hierarchy of immunological potency has been identified between diverse Ad vectors, which unfortunately limits the potential use of many vectors which have otherwise desirable manufacturing characteristics. The precise mechanistic factors which underlie the profound disparities in immunogenicity are not clearly defined and are the subject of ongoing, detailed investigation. It has been suggested that a combination of factors contribute to the potent immunogenicity of particular Ad vectors, including the magnitude and duration of vaccine antigen expression following immunization. Furthermore, the excessive induction of Type I interferons by some Ad vectors has been suggested to impair transgene expression levels, dampening subsequent immune responses. Therefore, the induction of balanced, but not excessive stimulation of innate signaling is optimal. Entry factor binding or receptor usage of distinct Ad vectors can also affect their in vivo tropism following administration by different routes. The abundance and accessibility of innate immune cells and/or antigen-presenting cells at the site of injection contributes to early innate immune responses to Ad vaccination, affecting the outcome of the adaptive immune response. Although a significant amount of information exists regarding the tropism determinants of the common human adenovirus type-5 vector, very little is known about the receptor usage and tropism of rare species or non-human Ad vectors. Increased understanding of how different facets of the host response to Ad vectors contribute to their immunological potency will be essential for the development of optimized and customized Ad vaccine platforms for specific diseases.
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41
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Korsten K, Bont LJ. Sustained Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses From an Adenoviral Vector-based Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccine. Clin Infect Dis 2020; 70:2082-2083. [DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciz659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Koos Korsten
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Louis J Bont
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Chinnakannan SK, Cargill TN, Donnison TA, Ansari MA, Sebastian S, Lee LN, Hutchings C, Klenerman P, Maini MK, Evans T, Barnes E. The Design and Development of a Multi-HBV Antigen Encoded in Chimpanzee Adenoviral and Modified Vaccinia Ankara Viral Vectors; A Novel Therapeutic Vaccine Strategy against HBV. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:E184. [PMID: 32295168 PMCID: PMC7348829 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8020184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection affects 257 million people globally. Current therapies suppress HBV but viral rebound occurs on cessation of therapy; novel therapeutic strategies are urgently required. To develop a therapeutic HBV vaccine that can induce high magnitude T cells to all major HBV antigens, we have developed a novel HBV vaccine using chimpanzee adenovirus (ChAd) and modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) viral vectors encoding multiple HBV antigens. ChAd vaccine alone generated very high magnitude HBV specific T cell responses to all HBV major antigens. The inclusion of a shark Invariant (SIi) chain genetic adjuvant significantly enhanced the magnitude of T-cells against HBV antigens. Compared to ChAd alone vaccination, ChAd-prime followed by MVA-boost vaccination further enhanced the magnitude and breadth of the vaccine induced T cell response. Intra-cellular cytokine staining study showed that HBV specific CD8+ and CD4+ T cells were polyfunctional, producing combinations of IFNγ, TNF-α, and IL-2. In summary, we have generated genetically adjuvanted ChAd and MVA vectored HBV vaccines with the potential to induce high-magnitude T cell responses through a prime-boost therapeutic vaccination approach. These pre-clinical studies pave the way for new studies of HBV therapeutic vaccination in humans with chronic hepatitis B infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senthil K. Chinnakannan
- Peter Medawar Building, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK; (S.K.C.); (T.N.C.); (T.A.D.); (L.N.L.); (C.H.); (P.K.)
| | - Tamsin N. Cargill
- Peter Medawar Building, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK; (S.K.C.); (T.N.C.); (T.A.D.); (L.N.L.); (C.H.); (P.K.)
| | - Timothy A. Donnison
- Peter Medawar Building, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK; (S.K.C.); (T.N.C.); (T.A.D.); (L.N.L.); (C.H.); (P.K.)
| | - M. Azim Ansari
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK;
| | - Sarah Sebastian
- Vaccitech, The Oxford Science Park, The Schrodinger Building, Heatley Road, Oxford OX4 4GE, UK; (S.S.); (T.E.)
| | - Lian Ni Lee
- Peter Medawar Building, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK; (S.K.C.); (T.N.C.); (T.A.D.); (L.N.L.); (C.H.); (P.K.)
| | - Claire Hutchings
- Peter Medawar Building, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK; (S.K.C.); (T.N.C.); (T.A.D.); (L.N.L.); (C.H.); (P.K.)
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Peter Medawar Building, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK; (S.K.C.); (T.N.C.); (T.A.D.); (L.N.L.); (C.H.); (P.K.)
| | - Mala K. Maini
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK;
| | - Tom Evans
- Vaccitech, The Oxford Science Park, The Schrodinger Building, Heatley Road, Oxford OX4 4GE, UK; (S.S.); (T.E.)
| | - Eleanor Barnes
- Peter Medawar Building, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK; (S.K.C.); (T.N.C.); (T.A.D.); (L.N.L.); (C.H.); (P.K.)
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Bliss CM, Parsons AJ, Nachbagauer R, Hamilton JR, Cappuccini F, Ulaszewska M, Webber JP, Clayton A, Hill AV, Coughlan L. Targeting Antigen to the Surface of EVs Improves the In Vivo Immunogenicity of Human and Non-human Adenoviral Vaccines in Mice. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2020; 16:108-125. [PMID: 31934599 PMCID: PMC6953706 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Adenoviral (Ad) vectors represent promising vaccine platforms for infectious disease. To overcome pre-existing immunity to commonly used human adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5), vectors based on rare species or non-human Ads are being developed. However, these vectors often exhibit reduced potency compared with Ad5, necessitating the use of innovative approaches to augment the immunogenicity of the encoded antigen (Ag). To achieve this, we engineered model Ag, enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP), for targeting to the surface of host-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs), namely exosomes. Exosomes are nano-sized EVs that play important roles in cell-to-cell communication and in regulating immune responses. Directed targeting of Ag to the surface of EVs/exosomes is achieved by "exosome display," through fusion of Ag to the C1C2 domain of lactadherin, a protein highly enriched in exosomes. Herein, we engineered chimpanzee adenovirus ChAdOx1 and Ad5-based vaccines encoding EGFP, or EGFP targeted to EVs (EGFP_C1C2), and compared vaccine immunogenicity in mice. We determined that exosome display substantially increases Ag-specific humoral immunity following intramuscular and intranasal vaccination, improving the immunological potency of both ChAdOx1 and Ad5. We propose that this Ag-engineering approach could increase the immunogenicity of diverse Ad vectors that exhibit desirable manufacturing characteristics, but currently lack the potency of Ad5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly M. Bliss
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Andrea J. Parsons
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Raffael Nachbagauer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jennifer R. Hamilton
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Federica Cappuccini
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, ORCRB Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Marta Ulaszewska
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, ORCRB Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Jason P. Webber
- Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 2XN, UK
| | - Aled Clayton
- Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 2XN, UK
| | - Adrian V.S. Hill
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, ORCRB Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Lynda Coughlan
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, ORCRB Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
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Ascough S, Vlachantoni I, Kalyan M, Haijema BJ, Wallin-Weber S, Dijkstra-Tiekstra M, Ahmed MS, van Roosmalen M, Grimaldi R, Zhang Q, Leenhouts K, Openshaw PJ, Chiu C. Local and Systemic Immunity against Respiratory Syncytial Virus Induced by a Novel Intranasal Vaccine. A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 200:481-492. [PMID: 30753101 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201810-1921oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Needle-free intranasal vaccines offer major potential advantages, especially against pathogens entering via mucosal surfaces. As yet, there is no effective vaccine against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), a ubiquitous pathogen of global importance that preferentially infects respiratory epithelial cells; new strategies are urgently required.Objectives: Here, we report the safety and immunogenicity of a novel mucosal RSV F protein vaccine linked to an immunostimulatory bacterium-like particle (BLP).Methods: In this phase I, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 48 healthy volunteers, aged 18-49 years, were randomly assigned to receive placebo or SynGEM (low or high dose) intranasally by prime-boost administration. The primary outcome was safety and tolerability, with secondary objectives assessing virus-specific immunogenicity.Measurements and Main Results: There were no significant differences in adverse events between placebo and vaccinated groups. SynGEM induced systemic plasmablast responses and significant, durable increases in RSV-specific serum antibody in healthy, seropositive adults. Volunteers given low-dose SynGEM (140 μg F, 2 mg BLP) required a boost at Day 28 to achieve plateau responses with a maximum fold change of 2.4, whereas high-dose recipients (350 μg F, 5 mg BLP) achieved plateau responses with a fold change of 1.5 after first vaccination that remained elevated up to 180 days after vaccination, irrespective of further boosting. Palivizumab-like antibodies were consistently induced, but F protein site ∅-specific antibodies were not detected, and virus-specific nasal IgA responses were heterogeneous, with the strongest responses in individuals with lower pre-existing antibody levels.Conclusions: SynGEM is thus the first nonreplicating intranasal RSV subunit vaccine to induce persistent antibody responses in human volunteers.Clinical trials registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02958540).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Ascough
- 1Section of Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Department of Medicine, and.,2Section of Respiratory Infections, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Iris Vlachantoni
- 2Section of Respiratory Infections, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mohini Kalyan
- 1Section of Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Department of Medicine, and.,2Section of Respiratory Infections, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bert-Jan Haijema
- 3Mucosis B.V., represented by trustee Mr. Holtz, LLM, Bout Advocaten, Groningen, and Virtuvax B.V., Groningen, the Netherlands; and
| | - Sanna Wallin-Weber
- 3Mucosis B.V., represented by trustee Mr. Holtz, LLM, Bout Advocaten, Groningen, and Virtuvax B.V., Groningen, the Netherlands; and
| | - Margriet Dijkstra-Tiekstra
- 3Mucosis B.V., represented by trustee Mr. Holtz, LLM, Bout Advocaten, Groningen, and Virtuvax B.V., Groningen, the Netherlands; and
| | - Muhammad S Ahmed
- 4Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Maarten van Roosmalen
- 3Mucosis B.V., represented by trustee Mr. Holtz, LLM, Bout Advocaten, Groningen, and Virtuvax B.V., Groningen, the Netherlands; and
| | - Roberto Grimaldi
- 3Mucosis B.V., represented by trustee Mr. Holtz, LLM, Bout Advocaten, Groningen, and Virtuvax B.V., Groningen, the Netherlands; and
| | - Qibo Zhang
- 4Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Kees Leenhouts
- 3Mucosis B.V., represented by trustee Mr. Holtz, LLM, Bout Advocaten, Groningen, and Virtuvax B.V., Groningen, the Netherlands; and
| | - Peter J Openshaw
- 2Section of Respiratory Infections, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Chiu
- 1Section of Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Department of Medicine, and
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Venkatraman N, Ndiaye BP, Bowyer G, Wade D, Sridhar S, Wright D, Powlson J, Ndiaye I, Dièye S, Thompson C, Bakhoum M, Morter R, Capone S, Del Sorbo M, Jamieson S, Rampling T, Datoo M, Roberts R, Poulton I, Griffiths O, Ballou WR, Roman F, Lewis DJM, Lawrie A, Imoukhuede E, Gilbert SC, Dieye TN, Ewer KJ, Mboup S, Hill AVS. Safety and Immunogenicity of a Heterologous Prime-Boost Ebola Virus Vaccine Regimen in Healthy Adults in the United Kingdom and Senegal. J Infect Dis 2020; 219:1187-1197. [PMID: 30407513 PMCID: PMC6452431 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 2014 West African outbreak of Ebola virus disease highlighted the urgent need to develop an effective Ebola vaccine. METHODS We undertook 2 phase 1 studies assessing safety and immunogenicity of the viral vector modified vaccinia Ankara virus vectored Ebola Zaire vaccine (MVA-EBO-Z), manufactured rapidly on a new duck cell line either alone or in a heterologous prime-boost regimen with recombinant chimpanzee adenovirus type 3 vectored Ebola Zaire vaccine (ChAd3-EBO-Z) followed by MVA-EBO-Z. Adult volunteers in the United Kingdom (n = 38) and Senegal (n = 40) were vaccinated and an accelerated 1-week prime-boost regimen was assessed in Senegal. Safety was assessed by active and passive collection of local and systemic adverse events. RESULTS The standard and accelerated heterologous prime-boost regimens were well-tolerated and elicited potent cellular and humoral immunogenicity in the United Kingdom and Senegal, but vaccine-induced antibody responses were significantly lower in Senegal. Cellular immune responses measured by flow cytometry were significantly greater in African vaccinees receiving ChAd3 and MVA vaccines in the same rather than the contralateral limb. CONCLUSIONS MVA biomanufactured on an immortalized duck cell line shows potential for very large-scale manufacturing with lower cost of goods. This first trial of MVA-EBO-Z in humans encourages further testing in phase 2 studies, with the 1-week prime-boost interval regimen appearing to be particularly suitable for outbreak control. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION NCT02451891; NCT02485912.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Djibril Wade
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal
| | | | - Daniel Wright
- Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Siry Dièye
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal
| | | | - Momar Bakhoum
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mehreen Datoo
- Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ian Poulton
- Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - David J M Lewis
- National Institute for Health Research/Imperial Clinical Research Facility, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alison Lawrie
- Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Katie J Ewer
- Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
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46
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Welliver RC, Papin JF, Preno A, Ivanov V, Tian JH, Lu H, Guebre-Xabier M, Flyer D, Massare MJ, Glenn G, Ellingsworth L, Smith G. Maternal immunization with RSV fusion glycoprotein vaccine and substantial protection of neonatal baboons against respiratory syncytial virus pulmonary challenge. Vaccine 2019; 38:1258-1270. [PMID: 31761502 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Globally, human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of severe lower respiratory infection in infants and young children. There are no licensed vaccines despite the high worldwide disease burden. RSV fusion (F) glycoprotein vaccine is the most advanced candidate for maternal immunization. In this report, a baboon maternal immunization model was used to assess the immunogenicity and protection of infants against pulmonary challenge with human RSV/A. Vaccination in the third trimester produced high anti-RSV F IgG titers and virus-neutralizing antibodies. Infants born to immunized females had high levels of serum RSV antibodies that were comparable to maternal levels at birth and persisted for over 50 days with a half-life of 14-24 days. Furthermore, infants from immunized females and challenged with RSV/A were healthy, developed less severe disease, and had only mild pulmonary inflammatory changes whereas infants born to non-vaccinated females developed more severe disease with marked to moderate interstitial pneumonia, pulmonary edema, and bronchiolar obstruction. These results support the further development of the RSV F vaccine for maternal immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Welliver
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1100 North Lindsay Ave., Oklahoma City, OK, 73104 USA.
| | - James F Papin
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma, Health Sciences Center, 1100 North Lindsay Ave., Oklahoma City, OK, 73104 USA; Division of Comparative Medicine, The University of Oklahoma, Health Sciences Center, 940 Stanton L. Young Blvd., Oklahoma City, OK, 73104 USA.
| | - Alisha Preno
- Division of Comparative Medicine, The University of Oklahoma, Health Sciences Center, 940 Stanton L. Young Blvd., Oklahoma City, OK, 73104 USA.
| | - Vadim Ivanov
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1100 North Lindsay Ave., Oklahoma City, OK, 73104 USA.
| | - Jing-Hui Tian
- Novavax, Inc., 21 Firstfield Road, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
| | - Hanxin Lu
- Novavax, Inc., 21 Firstfield Road, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
| | | | - David Flyer
- Novavax, Inc., 21 Firstfield Road, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | | | - Greg Glenn
- Novavax, Inc., 21 Firstfield Road, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
| | | | - Gale Smith
- Novavax, Inc., 21 Firstfield Road, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
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47
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Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara Can Induce Optimal CD8 + T Cell Responses to Directly Primed Antigens Depending on Vaccine Design. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.01154-19. [PMID: 31375596 PMCID: PMC6803277 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01154-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A variety of strains of vaccinia virus (VACV) have been used as recombinant vaccine vectors with the aim of inducing robust CD8+ T cell immunity. While much of the pioneering work was done with virulent strains, such as Western Reserve (WR), attenuated strains such as modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) are more realistic vectors for clinical use. To unify this literature, side-by-side comparisons of virus strains are required. Here, we compare the form of antigen that supports optimal CD8+ T cell responses for VACV strains WR and MVA using equivalent constructs. We found that for multiple antigens, minimal antigenic constructs (epitope minigenes) that prime CD8+ T cells via the direct presentation pathway elicited optimal responses from both vectors, which was surprising because this finding contradicts the prevailing view in the literature for MVA. We then went on to explore the discrepancy between current and published data for MVA, finding evidence that the expression locus and in some cases the presence of the viral thymidine kinase may influence the ability of this strain to prime optimal responses from antigens that require direct presentation. This extends our knowledge of the design parameters for VACV vectored vaccines, especially those based on MVA.IMPORTANCE Recombinant vaccines based on vaccinia virus and particularly attenuated strains such as MVA are in human clinical trials, but due to the complexity of these large vectors much remains to be understood about the design parameters that alter their immunogenicity. Previous work had found that MVA vectors should be designed to express stable protein in order to induce robust immunity by CD8+ (cytotoxic) T cells. Here, we found that the primacy of stable antigen is not generalizable to all designs of MVA and may depend where a foreign antigen is inserted into the MVA genome. This unexpected finding suggests that there is an interaction between genome location and the best form of antigen for optimal T cell priming in MVA and thus possibly other vaccine vectors. It also highlights that our understanding of antigen presentation by even the best studied of vaccine vectors remains incomplete.
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48
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Rossey I, Saelens X. Vaccines against human respiratory syncytial virus in clinical trials, where are we now? Expert Rev Vaccines 2019; 18:1053-1067. [DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2019.1675520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Iebe Rossey
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Xavier Saelens
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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49
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Guo Q, Chan JFW, Poon VKM, Wu S, Chan CCS, Hou L, Yip CCY, Ren C, Cai JP, Zhao M, Zhang AJ, Song X, Chan KH, Wang B, Kok KH, Wen Y, Yuen KY, Chen W. Immunization With a Novel Human Type 5 Adenovirus-Vectored Vaccine Expressing the Premembrane and Envelope Proteins of Zika Virus Provides Consistent and Sterilizing Protection in Multiple Immunocompetent and Immunocompromised Animal Models. J Infect Dis 2019; 218:365-377. [PMID: 29617816 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Zika virus (ZIKV) infection may be associated with severe complications and disseminated via both vector-borne and nonvector-borne routes. Adenovirus-vectored vaccines represent a favorable controlling measure for the ZIKV epidemic because they have been shown to be safe, immunogenic, and rapidly generable for other emerging viral infections. Evaluations of 2 previously reported adenovirus-vectored ZIKV vaccines were performed using nonlethal animal models and/or nonepidemic ZIKV strain. Methods We constructed 2 novel human adenovirus 5 (Ad5)-vectored vaccines containing the ZIKV premembrane-envelope (Ad5-Sig-prM-Env) and envelope (Ad5-Env) proteins, respectively, and evaluated them in multiple nonlethal and lethal animal models using epidemic ZIKV strains. Results Both vaccines elicited robust humoral and cellular immune responses in immunocompetent BALB/c mice. Dexamethasone-immunosuppressed mice vaccinated with either vaccine demonstrated robust and durable antibody responses and significantly lower blood and tissue viral loads than controls (P < .05). Similar findings were also observed in interferon-α/β receptor-deficient A129 mice. In both of these immunocompromised animal models, Ad5-Sig-prM-Env-vaccinated mice had significantly (P < .05) higher titers of anti-ZIKV-specific neutralizing antibody titers and lower (undetectable) viral loads than Ad5-Env-vaccinated mice. The close correlation between the neutralizing antibody titer and viral load helped to explain the better protective effect of Ad5-Sig-prM-Env than Ad5-Env. Anamnestic response was absent in Ad5-Sig-prM-Env-vaccinated A129 mice. Conclusions Ad5-Sig-prM-Env provided sterilizing protection against ZIKV infection in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Guo
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, China
| | - Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Vincent Kwok-Man Poon
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Shipo Wu
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, China
| | - Chris Chung-Sing Chan
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Lihua Hou
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, China
| | - Cyril Chik-Yan Yip
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | | | - Jian-Piao Cai
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | | | - Anna Jinxia Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | | | - Kwok-Hung Chan
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Busen Wang
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, China
| | - Kin-Hang Kok
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Yanbo Wen
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, China
| | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,The Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, China
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50
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Boyoglu-Barnum S, Chirkova T, Anderson LJ. Biology of Infection and Disease Pathogenesis to Guide RSV Vaccine Development. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1675. [PMID: 31402910 PMCID: PMC6677153 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of severe lower respiratory tract disease in young children and a substantial contributor to respiratory tract disease throughout life and as such a high priority for vaccine development. However, after nearly 60 years of research no vaccine is yet available. The challenges to developing an RSV vaccine include the young age, 2-4 months of age, for the peak of disease, the enhanced RSV disease associated with the first RSV vaccine, formalin-inactivated RSV with an alum adjuvant (FI-RSV), and difficulty achieving protection as illustrated by repeat infections with disease that occur throughout life. Understanding the biology of infection and disease pathogenesis has and will continue to guide vaccine development. In this paper, we review the roles that RSV proteins play in the biology of infection and disease pathogenesis and the corresponding contribution to live attenuated and subunit RSV vaccines. Each of RSV's 11 proteins are in the design of one or more vaccines. The G protein's contribution to disease pathogenesis through altering host immune responses as well as its role in the biology of infection suggest it can make a unique contribution to an RSV vaccine, both live attenuated and subunit vaccines. One of G's potential unique contributions to a vaccine is the potential for anti-G immunity to have an anti-inflammatory effect independent of virus replication. Though an anti-viral effect is essential to an effective RSV vaccine, it is important to remember that the goal of a vaccine is to prevent disease. Thus, other effects of the infection, such as G's alteration of the host immune response may provide opportunities to induce responses that block this effect and improve an RSV vaccine. Keeping in mind the goal of a vaccine is to prevent disease and not virus replication may help identify new strategies for other vaccine challenges, such as improving influenza vaccines and developing HIV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tatiana Chirkova
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Larry J. Anderson
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, United States
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