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Gao L, Sun Y. Laboratory diagnosis and treatment of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in children: a review. Ann Med 2024; 56:2386636. [PMID: 39097794 PMCID: PMC11299444 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2386636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) is the cause of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) in children and adolescents, with the clinical manifestations highlighted by intermittent irritating cough, accompanied by headache, fever and muscle pain. This paper aimed to study the research status and focal points in MP infection, especially the common laboratory diagnostic methods and clinical treatment of Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Laboratory diagnostic methods include molecular assay, serological antibody detection, rapid antigen detection and isolation and culture. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is the gold standard with high sensitivity and specificity. The serological antibody can detect various immune antibodies qualitatively or quantitatively in serum. Rapid antigen can be detected faster, with no equipment environment requirements, which can be used for the early diagnosis of MP infection. While the culture growth cycle is long and insensitive, not recommended for routine diagnosis. Macrolides were the preferred drug for children with MPP, while the drug resistance rate was rising in China. Tetracycline can be substituted but was not recommended for children under 8 years of age, quinolone drugs are not necessary, severe MPP can be combined with glucocorticoids, involving the nervous or immune system can choose gamma globulin. Other treatments for MPP including symptomatic treatment which can alleviate symptoms, improve lung function and improve prognosis. A safe and effective vaccine needed to be developed which can provide protective immunity to children and will reduce the incidence of MPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children’s Regional Medical Center, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanhong Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children’s Regional Medical Center, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Papan C, Sidorov S, Greiter B, Bühler N, Berger C, Becker SL, Meyer Sauteur PM. Combinatorial Host-Response Biomarker Signature (BV Score) and Its Subanalytes TRAIL, IP-10, and C-Reactive Protein in Children With Mycoplasma pneumoniae Community-Acquired Pneumonia. J Infect Dis 2024; 230:e247-e253. [PMID: 38092364 PMCID: PMC11326813 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Host-response biomarkers to differentiate bacterial from viral etiology in children with respiratory infections have shown high accuracies, but are understudied in Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mp) infections. METHODS We compared BV scores (0-34 indicating viral etiology, and 66-100 indicating bacterial etiology), tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL; pg/mL), interferon-γ inducible protein 10 (IP-10; pg/mL), and C-reactive protein (CRP; mg/L) serum levels between Mp-positive (Mp+) and Mp-negative (Mp-) community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) patients. We performed receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses for clinical features and biomarkers. RESULTS Of 80 CAP patients (median age, 6.3 years; 57.5% male), 26 had Mp+CAP. In Mp+CAP patients, compared to Mp-CAP patients, BV scores were lower (14.0 [3.0-27.8] vs 54.0 [12.0-84.8]; P = .0008), TRAIL levels were higher (86.5 [67.4-123.0] vs 65.5 [42.5-103.9]; P = .025), CRP levels were lower (12.9 [4.0-22.3] vs 36.7 [13.0-132.8]; P = .0019), and IP-10 levels were comparable (366.0 [150.2-603.8] vs 331.0 [154.3-878.8]; P = .73) (all median [interquartile range]). ROC analyses yielded a comparable discriminatory accuracy for the combination of age, fever duration, and duration of respiratory symptoms, with either procalcitonin or BV score (area under the ROC curve, 0.87 vs 0.86; P = .94). CONCLUSIONS Children with Mp+CAP have atypically low, viral levels of the BV score, underscoring the complementary role of microbiological testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cihan Papan
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Homburg, Saarland University, Germany
- Institute for Hygiene and Public Health, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Semjon Sidorov
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Beat Greiter
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nina Bühler
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Homburg, Saarland University, Germany
| | - Christoph Berger
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sören L Becker
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Homburg, Saarland University, Germany
| | - Patrick M Meyer Sauteur
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Jiang Y, Kang H, Dou H, Guo D, Yuan Q, Dong L, Du Z, Zhao W, Xin D. Comparative genomic sequencing to characterize Mycoplasma pneumoniae genome, typing, and drug resistance. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0361523. [PMID: 38904371 PMCID: PMC11302288 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03615-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
To analyze the characteristics of Mycoplasma pneumoniae as well as macrolide antibiotic resistance through whole-genome sequencing and comparative genomics. Thirteen clinical strains isolated from 2003 to 2019 were selected, 10 of which were resistant to erythromycin (MIC >64 µg/mL), including 8 P1-type I and 2 P1-type II. Three were sensitive (<1 µg/mL) and P1-type II. One resistant strain had an A→G point mutation at position 2064 in region V of the 23S rRNA, the others had it at position 2063, while the three sensitive strains had no mutation here. Genome assembly and comparative genome analysis revealed a high level of genome consistency within the P1 type, and the primary differences in genome sequences concentrated in the region encoding the P1 protein. In P1-type II strains, three specific gene mutations were identified: C162A and A430G in L4 gene and T1112G mutation in the CARDS gene. Clinical information showed seven cases were diagnosed with severe pneumonia, all of which were infected with drug-resistant strains. Notably, BS610A4 and CYM219A1 exhibited a gene multi-copy phenomenon and shared a conserved functional domain with the DUF31 protein family. Clinically, the patients had severe refractory pneumonia, with pleural effusion, necessitating treatment with glucocorticoids and bronchoalveolar lavage. The primary variations between strains occur among different P1-types, while there is a high level of genomic consistency within P1-types. Three mutation loci associated with specific types were identified, and no specific genetic alterations directly related to clinical presentation were observed.IMPORTANCEMycoplasma pneumoniae is an important pathogen of community-acquired pneumonia, and macrolide resistance brings difficulties to clinical treatment. We analyzed the characteristics of M. pneumoniae as well as macrolide antibiotic resistance through whole-genome sequencing and comparative genomics. The work addressed primary variations between strains that occur among different P1-types, while there is a high level of genomic consistency within P1-types. In P1-type II strains, three specific gene mutations were identified: C162A and A430G in L4 gene and T1112G mutation in the CARDS gene. All the strains isolated from severe pneumonia cases were drug-resistant, two of which exhibited a gene multi-copy phenomenon, sharing a conserved functional domain with the DUF31 protein family. Three mutation loci associated with specific types were identified, and no specific genetic alterations directly related to clinical presentation were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Jiang
- Pediatric Department, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hailong Kang
- National Genomics Data Center and CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haiwei Dou
- Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongxing Guo
- Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Yuan
- Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Dong
- National Genomics Data Center and CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenglin Du
- National Genomics Data Center and CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
| | - Wenming Zhao
- National Genomics Data Center and CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Deli Xin
- Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Semmler F, Regis Belisário-Ferrari M, Kulosa M, Kaysser L. The Metabolic Potential of the Human Lung Microbiome. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1448. [PMID: 39065215 PMCID: PMC11278768 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12071448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The human lung microbiome remains largely underexplored, despite its potential implications in the pharmacokinetics of inhaled drugs and its involvement in lung diseases. Interactions within these bacterial communities and with the host are complex processes which often involve microbial small molecules. In this study, we employed a computational approach to describe the metabolic potential of the human lung microbiome. By utilizing antiSMASH and BiG-SCAPE software, we identified 1831 biosynthetic gene clusters for the production of specialized metabolites in a carefully compiled genome database of lung-associated bacteria and fungi. It was shown that RiPPs represent the largest class of natural products within the bacteriome, while NRPs constitute the largest class of natural products in the lung mycobiome. All predicted BGCs were further categorized into 767 gene cluster families, and a subsequent network analysis highlighted that these families are widely distributed and contain many uncharacterized members. Moreover, in-depth annotation allowed the assignment of certain gene clusters to putative lung-specific functions within the microbiome, such as osmoadaptation or surfactant synthesis. This study establishes the lung microbiome as a prolific source for secondary metabolites and lays the groundwork for detailed investigation of this unique environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Leonard Kaysser
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Leipzig, 04317 Leipzig, Germany; (F.S.); (M.R.B.-F.); (M.K.)
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Qian Y, Tao Y, Wu L, Zhou C, Liu F, Xu S, Miao H, Gao X, Ge X. Model based on the automated AI-driven CT quantification is effective for the diagnosis of refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16172. [PMID: 39003340 PMCID: PMC11246496 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67255-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The prediction of refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (RMPP) remains a clinically significant challenge. This study aimed to develop an early predictive model utilizing artificial intelligence (AI)-derived quantitative assessment of lung lesion extent on initial computed tomography (CT) scans and clinical indicators for RMPP in pediatric inpatients. A retrospective cohort study was conducted on patients with M. pneumoniae pneumonia (MP) admitted to the Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China from January 2019 to December 2020. An early prediction model was developed by stratifying the patients with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) into two cohorts according to the presence or absence of refractory pneumonia. A retrospective cohort of 126 children diagnosed with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) was utilized as a training set, with 85 cases classified as RMPP. Subsequently, a prospective cohort comprising 54 MPP cases, including 37 instances of RMPP, was assembled as a validation set to assess the performance of the predictive model for RMPP from January to December 2021. We defined a constant Φ which can combine the volume and CT value of pulmonary lesions and be further used to calculate the logarithm of Φ to the base of 2 (Log2Φ). A clinical-imaging prediction model was then constructed utilizing Log2Φ and clinical characteristics. Performance was evaluated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). The clinical model demonstrated AUC values of 0.810 and 0.782, while the imaging model showed AUC values of 0.764 and 0.769 in the training and test sets, respectively. The clinical-imaging model, incorporating Log2Φ, temperature(T), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), preadmission fever duration (PFD), and preadmission macrolides therapy duration (PMTD), achieved the highest AUC values of 0.897 and 0.895 in the training and test sets, respectively. A prognostic model developed through automated quantification of lung disease on CT scans, in conjunction with clinical data in MPP may be utilized for the early identification of RMPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Qian
- Department of Emergency/Critical Medicine, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yunxi Tao
- School of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lihui Wu
- Department of Emergency/Critical Medicine, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Changsheng Zhou
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shenglong Xu
- School of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongjun Miao
- Department of Emergency/Critical Medicine, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiucheng Gao
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xuhua Ge
- Department of Emergency/Critical Medicine, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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Mosmann J, Frutos MC, Origlia JA, Gallo Vaulet ML, García MG, Vilar G, Pérez C, Madariaga MJ, Cuffini C, Cadario ME. Are Mycoplasma pneumoniae coinfections frequent in COVID-19 patients? A systematic review. Rev Argent Microbiol 2024:S0325-7541(24)00057-9. [PMID: 38991918 DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2024.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the proportion of SARS-CoV-2 patients with Mycoplasmapneumoniae coinfection is crucial for treating patients suffering from coronavirus disease (COVID-19), help to ensure responsible use of antibiotics and minimize the negative consequences of overuse. In addition, this knowledge could have an impact on empirical antibiotic management guidelines for patients with COVID-19. This systematic review aimed to identify the prevalence of M. pneumoniae in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). A bibliographic search of studies published in Spanish or English was conducted using the PubMed search engine. Fourteen articles from different continents (America, Asia and Europe) were included, involving a total of 5855 patients in these studies. The mean age of COVID-19 patients with M. pneumoniae was 48 years old (range 1-107), most of whom were male. The detection of laboratory-confirmed M. pneumoniae infection varied between 0 and 33.3%. Most of patients referred fever, cough, and dyspnea, and received empirical antibiotic treatment. Bacterial coinfection was not associated with increased ICU admission and mortality. The prevalence of coinfection showed extremely dissimilar figures according to the population studied and diagnostic criteria. However, it is important to develop Latin American studies, given the heterogeneity observed in the studies conducted in different countries. Standardized definitions should be developed in order to be able to assess the impact of coinfections in patients with a diagnosis of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Mosmann
- Instituto de Virología, Dr. J.M. Vanella, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas - Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - María Celia Frutos
- Instituto de Virología, Dr. J.M. Vanella, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas - Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Javier Anibal Origlia
- Cátedra de Patología de Aves y Pilíferos, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - María Lucia Gallo Vaulet
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Cátedra de Microbiología Clínica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Miriam Gabriela García
- Laboratorio de Virología y Biología Molecular, Hospital Interzonal General Agudos Pedro Fiorito, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Vilar
- Departamento de Bacteriología, INEI-ANLIS Dr. Carlos G Malbrán, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Celeste Pérez
- Departamento de Bacteriología, INEI-ANLIS Dr. Carlos G Malbrán, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Julia Madariaga
- Sección Serología y Pruebas Biológicas, Instituto de Zoonosis Luis Pasteur, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Cuffini
- Instituto de Virología, Dr. J.M. Vanella, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas - Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - María Estela Cadario
- Departamento de Bacteriología, INEI-ANLIS Dr. Carlos G Malbrán, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Virología, INEI-ANLIS Dr. Carlos G Malbrán, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Ding G, Zhang X, Vinturache A, van Rossum AMC, Yin Y, Zhang Y. Challenges in the treatment of pediatric Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia. Eur J Pediatr 2024; 183:3001-3011. [PMID: 38634891 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-024-05519-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) is an important cause of community-acquired pneumonia in children and young adolescents. Despite macrolide antibiotics effectiveness as a first-line therapy, persistence of fever and/or clinical deterioration sometimes may complicate treatment and may even lead to severe systemic disease. To date, there is no consensus on alternative treatment options, optimal dosage, and duration for treating severe, progressive, and systemic MP pneumonia after macrolide treatment failure. Macrolide-resistant MP pneumonia and refractory MP pneumonia are the two major complex conditions that are clinically encountered. Currently, the vast majority of MP isolates are resistant to macrolides in East Asia, especially China, whereas in Europe and North America, whereas in Europe and North America prevalence is substantially lower than in Asia, varying across countries. The severity of pneumonia and extrapulmonary presentations may reflect the intensity of the host's immune reaction or the dissemination of bacterial infection. Children infected with macrolide-resistant MP strains who receive macrolide treatment experience persistent fever with extended antibiotic therapy and minimal decrease in MP-DNA load. Alternative second-line agents such as tetracyclines (doxycycline or minocycline) and fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin or levofloxacin) may lead to clinical improvement after macrolide treatment failure in children. Refractory MP pneumonia reflects a deterioration of clinical and radiological findings due to excessive immune response against the infection. Immunomodulators such as corticosteroids and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) have shown promising results in treatment of refractory MP pneumonia, particularly when combined with appropriate antimicrobials. Corticosteroid-resistant hyperinflammatory MP pneumonia represents a persistent or recrudescent fever despite corticosteroid therapy with intravenous methylprednisolone at standard dosage. CONCLUSION This report summarizes the clinical significance of macrolide-resistant and refractory MP pneumonia and discusses the efficacy and safety of alternative drugs, with a stepwise approach to the management of MP pneumonia recommended from the viewpoint of clinical practice. WHAT IS KNOWN • Although MP pneumonia is usually a benign self-limited infection with response macrolides as first line therapy, severe life-threatening cases may develop if additional treatment strategies are not effectively implemented. • Macrolide-resistant and refractory MP pneumonia are two conditions that may complicate the clinical course of MP pneumonia, increasing the risk for exacerbation and even death. WHAT IS NEW • This report summarizes the clinical relevance of macrolide-resistant and refractory MP pneumonia and discusses the efficacy and safety of alternative drug therapies. • A practical stepwise approach to the management of MP pneumonia is developed based on a comprehensive analysis of existing evidence and expert opinion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Ding
- Department of Pediatrics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Angela Vinturache
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Annemarie M C van Rossum
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Yong Yin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dongfang Road, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Yongjun Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Edouard S, Boughammoura H, Colson P, La Scola B, Fournier PE, Fenollar F. Large-Scale Outbreak of Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infection, Marseille, France, 2023-2024. Emerg Infect Dis 2024; 30:1481-1484. [PMID: 38816344 PMCID: PMC11210650 DOI: 10.3201/eid3007.240315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
We report a large-scale outbreak of Mycoplasma pneumoniae respiratory infections encompassing 218 cases (0.8% of 26,449 patients tested) during 2023-2024 in Marseille, France. The bacterium is currently circulating and primarily affects children <15 years of age. High prevalence of co-infections warrants the use of a syndromic diagnostic strategy.
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Gu H, Li B, Han Y, Yang S, Wang X. Risk factors for suspected pulmonary embolism in children: Complication of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia. Eur J Radiol 2024; 176:111474. [PMID: 38696918 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2024.111474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pulmonary embolism (PE) is not a rare complication of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) in children. We sought to determine the incidence of PE in children with MPP who underwent clinically indicated CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) and to evaluate the risk factors for PE. METHODS All 106 children with MPP who were clinically suspected of having PE and who underwent CTPA were retrospectively enrolled from June 2018 to December 2021. The clinical features, laboratory data, and radiological parameters were recorded (e.g., lung consolidation involved and the Qanadli score). A Cox proportional hazards model and area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were used to evaluate the risk factors and prognostic discriminatory capacity for PE. RESULTS PE was detected in 26 of 106 (24.5 %) children (mean age, 6.2 years ± 3.3 years; 53 boys). Sixteen of the 26 (61.5 %) children with PE were boys. The mean age of the children with PE was 8.1 ± 2.9 years, and the mean Qanadli score was 15.3 ± 10.2. Children with PE had higher D-dimer levels (9.3 ± 7.1 mg/Lvs. 3.6 ± 3.8 mg/L) and a greater frequency of lung lobe consolidation (25 (96.2 %) vs. 64 (80.0 %)) (all P < 0.05). For children with MPP, age (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.96 (95 % CI1.04, 3.71; P = 0.037), D-dimer level (HR = 1.52, 95 % CI: 1.03, 2.24; P = 0.029), and bilateral lung consolidation (HR = 2.41, 95 % CI: 1.03, 5.58; P = 0.043) were found to be independent predictors of PE. CONCLUSION Clinical and CT radiological predictors could be used to predict PE in children with MPP. The use of risk factor assessment as a tool has the potential to guide more appropriate use of CTPA in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Gu
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, #324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Bowen Li
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, #324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Yicheng Han
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, #324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Shifeng Yang
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, #324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Ximing Wang
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, #324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China.
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Georgakopoulou VE, Lempesis IG, Sklapani P, Trakas N, Spandidos DA. Exploring the pathogenetic mechanisms of Mycoplasmapneumoniae (Review). Exp Ther Med 2024; 28:271. [PMID: 38765654 PMCID: PMC11097136 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2024.12559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasmas, the smallest self-replicating prokaryotes without a cell wall, are the most prevalent and extensively studied species in humans. They significantly contribute to chronic respiratory tract illnesses and pneumonia, with children and adolescents being particularly vulnerable. Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) infections typically tend to be self-limiting and mild but can progress to severe or even life-threatening conditions in certain individuals. Extrapulmonary effects often occur without pneumonia, and both intrapulmonary and extrapulmonary complications operate through separate pathological mechanisms. The indirect immune-mediated damage of the immune system, vascular blockages brought on by vasculitis or thrombosis and direct harm from invasion or locally induced inflammatory cytokines are potential causes of extrapulmonary manifestations due to M. pneumoniae. Proteins associated with adhesion serve as the primary factor crucial for the pathogenicity of M. pneumoniae, relying on a specialized polarized terminal attachment organelle. The type and density of these host receptors significantly impact the adhesion and movement of M. pneumoniae, subsequently influencing the pathogenic mechanism and infection outcomes. Adjacent proteins are crucial for the proper assembly of the attachment organelle, with variations in the genetic domains of P1, P40 and P90 surfaces contributing to the variability of clinical symptoms and offering new avenues for developing vaccines against M. pneumoniae infections. M. pneumoniae causes oxidative stress within respiratory tract epithelial cells by adhering to host cells and releasing hydrogen peroxide and superoxide radicals. This oxidative stress enhances the vulnerability of host cells to harm induced by oxygen molecules. The lack of superoxide dismutase and catalase of bacteria allows it to hinder the catalase activity of the host cell, leading to the reduced breakdown of peroxides. Lung macrophages play a significant role in managing M. pneumoniae infection, identifying it via Toll-like receptor 2 and initiating the myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88-nuclear factor κΒ signaling cascade. However, the precise mechanisms enabling M. pneumoniae to evade intracellular host defenses remain unknown, necessitating further exploration of the pathways involved in intracellular survival. The present comprehensive review delves into the pathogenesis of M. pneumoniae infection within the pulmonary system and into extrapulmonary areas, outlining its impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Epameinondas Georgakopoulou
- Department of Pathophysiology, Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodisttrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Department of Infectious Diseases-COVID-19 Unit, Laiko General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis G. Lempesis
- Department of Pathophysiology, Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodisttrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Pagona Sklapani
- Department of Biochemistry, Sismanogleio Hospital, 15126 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Trakas
- Department of Biochemistry, Sismanogleio Hospital, 15126 Athens, Greece
| | - Demetrios A. Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
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11
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Torres-Puig S, Crespo-Pomar S, Akarsu H, Yimthin T, Cippà V, Démoulins T, Posthaus H, Ruggli N, Kuhnert P, Labroussaa F, Jores J. Functional surface expression of immunoglobulin cleavage systems in a candidate Mycoplasma vaccine chassis. Commun Biol 2024; 7:779. [PMID: 38942984 PMCID: PMC11213901 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06497-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The Mycoplasma Immunoglobulin Binding/Protease (MIB-MIP) system is a candidate 'virulence factor present in multiple pathogenic species of the Mollicutes, including the fast-growing species Mycoplasma feriruminatoris. The MIB-MIP system cleaves the heavy chain of host immunoglobulins, hence affecting antigen-antibody interactions and potentially facilitating immune evasion. In this work, using -omics technologies and 5'RACE, we show that the four copies of the M. feriruminatoris MIB-MIP system have different expression levels and are transcribed as operons controlled by four different promoters. Individual MIB-MIP gene pairs of M. feriruminatoris and other Mollicutes were introduced in an engineered M. feriruminatoris strain devoid of MIB-MIP genes and were tested for their functionality using newly developed oriC-based plasmids. The two proteins are functionally expressed at the surface of M. feriruminatoris, which confirms the possibility to display large membrane-associated proteins in this bacterium. However, functional expression of heterologous MIB-MIP systems introduced in this engineered strain from phylogenetically distant porcine Mollicutes like Mesomycoplasma hyorhinis or Mesomycoplasma hyopneumoniae could not be achieved. Finally, since M. feriruminatoris is a candidate for biomedical applications such as drug delivery, we confirmed its safety in vivo in domestic goats, which are the closest livestock relatives to its native host the Alpine ibex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Torres-Puig
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Silvia Crespo-Pomar
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hatice Akarsu
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001, Bern, Switzerland
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thatcha Yimthin
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Valentina Cippà
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Démoulins
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Horst Posthaus
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Ruggli
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001, Bern, Switzerland
- Institute of Virology and Immunology IVI, Sensemattstrasse 293, 3147, Mittelhäusern, Schweiz
| | - Peter Kuhnert
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Fabien Labroussaa
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001, Bern, Switzerland
- Multidisciplinary Center for Infectious Diseases (MCID), University of Bern, 3001, Bern, Switzerland
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), Lyon Laboratory, VetAgro Sup, UMR Animal Mycoplasmosis, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Jörg Jores
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001, Bern, Switzerland.
- Multidisciplinary Center for Infectious Diseases (MCID), University of Bern, 3001, Bern, Switzerland.
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12
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Keles NA, Dogan S, Dogan A, Sudagidan M, Balci TN, Cetiner O, Kavruk M, Ozalp VC, Tuna BG. Long-term intermittent caloric restriction remodels the gut microbiota in mice genetically prone to breast cancer. Nutrition 2024; 126:112525. [PMID: 39168040 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2024.112525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Gut microbiota dysbiosis is among the risk factors for breast cancer development, together with genetic background and dietary habits. However, caloric restriction has been shown to remodel the gut microbiota and slow tumor growth. Here, we investigated whether the gut microbiota mediates the preventive effects of long-term chronic or intermittent caloric restriction on breast cancer predisposition. METHODS 10-week-old transgenic breast cancer-prone mice were randomly assigned to dietary groups (ad libitum, chronic caloric restriction, and intermittent caloric restriction groups) and fed up to week 81. Stool samples were collected at weeks 10 (baseline), 17 (young), 49 (adult), and 81 (old). 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed to identify the gut microbiota profile of the different groups. In order to investigate the breast cancer gut microbiota profile within genetically predisposed individuals regardless of diet, mammary tumor-bearing mice and mammary tumor-free but genetically prone mice were selected from the ad libitum group (n = 6). RESULTS Intermittent caloric restriction increased the microbial diversity of adult mice and modified age-related compositional changes. A total of 13 genera were differentially abundant over time. Pathogenic Mycoplasma was enriched in the re-feeding period of the old intermittent caloric restriction group compared with baseline. Furthermore, mammary tumor-free mice showed shared gut microbiota characteristics with mammary tumor-bearing mice, suggesting an early link between genetic predisposition, gut microbiota, and breast cancer development. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed the role of gut microbes in the preventive effects of caloric restriction against breast cancer development, implying the significance of diet and microbiome interplay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazim Arda Keles
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Soner Dogan
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aysenur Dogan
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mert Sudagidan
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Atilim University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tugce Nur Balci
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, Atilim University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Cetiner
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, Atilim University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Murat Kavruk
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Veli Cengiz Ozalp
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Atilim University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bilge Guvenc Tuna
- Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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13
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Ding G, Yang L, Xu C, Vinturache A, Zhang Y. Necrotizing pneumonia associated with macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma in a child. Pediatr Pulmonol 2024. [PMID: 38837863 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.27110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
We reported a pediatric case of necrotizing pneumonia due to macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae, an uncommon presentation of a common disease. Acquisition of resistance does not increase virulence, but it leads to more difficult treatment and potential complications. Macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae requires extended antibiotic therapy with the addition of a second-line agent and an immunomodulator to promote clinical improvement with minimal sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Ding
- Department of Pediatrics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, People's Hospital of Funing, Yancheng, China
| | - Changli Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, People's Hospital of Funing, Yancheng, China
| | - Angela Vinturache
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yongjun Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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14
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Wagatsuma K. Effect of meteorological factors on the incidence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in Japan: a time series analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00484-024-02712-7. [PMID: 38801532 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-024-02712-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) is a major cause of upper and lower respiratory tract infections and respiratory tract disease in humans. While accumulated pieces of epidemiological evidence suggest an association between meteorological factors and the risk of M. pneumoniae pneumonia, comprehensive nationwide studies on this topic are lacking. We aimed to systematically assess the effect of meteorological factors such as mean temperature and relative humidity on the incidence of M. pneumoniae pneumonia in Japan over a 15-year period from 2005 to 2019. The exposure - response relationships between incidence of M. pneumoniae pneumonia, mean temperature, and relative humidity in all 47 Japanese prefectures (covering whole country) for 2005 - 2019 were quantified by using a distributed lag non-linear model for each prefecture and the estimates from all the prefectures were then pooled using a multivariate mete-regression model to derive nationwide average associations. The study encompassed a total of 162,845 M. pneumoniae pneumonia cases. Our findings indicate that seasonal variations in weekly mean temperature and relative humidity were positively associated with the incidence of M. pneumoniae pneumonia. Specifically, when considering - 1.3 °C as the reference, the relative risk (RR) peaked at 16.8 °C (with RRs of 1.50, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.32-1.70). Similarly, when using 45.5% relative humidity as the reference, the RR reached its peak at 87.7% (with RRs of 1.49, 95% CI: 1.33-1.67). These results emphasize the necessity of implementing climate change adaptation strategies and public health interventions in regions vulnerable to M. pneumoniae pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Wagatsuma
- Division of International Health (Public Health), Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata City, 951-8510, Niigata, Japan.
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan.
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15
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Yao Z, Liang M, Zhu S. Infectious factors in myocarditis: a comprehensive review of common and rare pathogens. Egypt Heart J 2024; 76:64. [PMID: 38789885 PMCID: PMC11126555 DOI: 10.1186/s43044-024-00493-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocarditis is a significant health threat today, with infectious agents being the most common cause. Accurate diagnosis of the etiology of infectious myocarditis is crucial for effective treatment. MAIN BODY Infectious myocarditis can be caused by viruses, prokaryotes, parasites, and fungi. Viral infections are typically the primary cause. However, some rare opportunistic pathogens can also damage heart muscle cells in patients with immunodeficiencies, neoplasms and those who have undergone heart surgery. CONCLUSIONS This article reviews research on common and rare pathogens of infectious myocarditis, emphasizing the complexity of its etiology, with the aim of helping clinicians make an accurate diagnosis of infectious myocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongjie Yao
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qindao, China.
| | - Mingjun Liang
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Shanghai Six People's Hospital Affilicated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Simin Zhu
- Wuhan Third Hospital-Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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16
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Meng H, Wang TD, Zhuo LY, Hao JW, Sui LY, Yang W, Zang LL, Cui JJ, Wang JN, Yin XP. Quantitative radiomics analysis of imaging features in adults and children Mycoplasma pneumonia. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1409477. [PMID: 38831994 PMCID: PMC11146305 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1409477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aims to explore the value of clinical features, CT imaging signs, and radiomics features in differentiating between adults and children with Mycoplasma pneumonia and seeking quantitative radiomic representations of CT imaging signs. Materials and methods In a retrospective analysis of 981 cases of mycoplasmal pneumonia patients from November 2021 to December 2023, 590 internal data (adults:450, children: 140) randomly divided into a training set and a validation set with an 8:2 ratio and 391 external test data (adults:121; children:270) were included. Using univariate analysis, CT imaging signs and clinical features with significant differences (p < 0.05) were selected. After segmenting the lesion area on the CT image as the region of interest, 1,904 radiomic features were extracted. Then, Pearson correlation analysis (PCC) and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) were used to select the radiomic features. Based on the selected features, multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to establish the clinical model, CT image model, radiomic model, and combined model. The predictive performance of each model was evaluated using ROC curves, AUC, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and precision. The AUC between each model was compared using the Delong test. Importantly, the radiomics features and quantitative and qualitative CT image features were analyzed using Pearson correlation analysis and analysis of variance, respectively. Results For the individual model, the radiomics model, which was built using 45 selected features, achieved the highest AUCs in the training set, validation set, and external test set, which were 0.995 (0.992, 0.998), 0.952 (0.921, 0.978), and 0.969 (0.953, 0.982), respectively. In all models, the combined model achieved the highest AUCs, which were 0.996 (0.993, 0.998), 0.972 (0.942, 0.995), and 0.986 (0.976, 0.993) in the training set, validation set, and test set, respectively. In addition, we selected 11 radiomics features and CT image features with a correlation coefficient r greater than 0.35. Conclusion The combined model has good diagnostic performance for differentiating between adults and children with mycoplasmal pneumonia, and different CT imaging signs are quantitatively represented by radiomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Meng
- Clinical Medicine School of Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Precise Imaging of Inflammation Related Tumors, Baoding, China
| | - Tian-Da Wang
- Clinical Medicine School of Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Precise Imaging of Inflammation Related Tumors, Baoding, China
| | - Li-Yong Zhuo
- Clinical Medicine School of Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Precise Imaging of Inflammation Related Tumors, Baoding, China
| | - Jia-Wei Hao
- Clinical Medicine School of Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Precise Imaging of Inflammation Related Tumors, Baoding, China
| | - Lian-yu Sui
- Clinical Medicine School of Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Precise Imaging of Inflammation Related Tumors, Baoding, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Radiology, Baoding First Central Hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Li-Li Zang
- Department of Radiology, Baoding Children's Hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Jing-Jing Cui
- Department of Research and Development, United Imaging Intelligence (Beijing) Co., Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Ning Wang
- Clinical Medicine School of Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Precise Imaging of Inflammation Related Tumors, Baoding, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Yin
- Clinical Medicine School of Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Precise Imaging of Inflammation Related Tumors, Baoding, China
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17
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Wang F, Cheng Q, Duo H, Wang J, Yang J, Jing S, Li J, Zhou X, Shang Y, Chen N, Tian Z, Zhang H, Cai X. Childhood Mycoplasma pneumoniae: epidemiology and manifestation in Northeast and Inner Mongolia, China. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0009724. [PMID: 38606996 PMCID: PMC11064562 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00097-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) is commonly detected in children. However, the epidemiological trends of MP in Northeast (NE) China are unclear. This retrospective study aimed to investigate the prevalence of MP infections in this understudied region. The clinical manifestations and bronchoscopic findings observed in hospitalized patients with severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (SMPP) were collected from comprehensive data obtained from six tertiary hospitals in NE and Inner Mongolian (IM) China, from 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2023. A total of 5,593,530 children who visited the outpatient and emergency departments, and 412,480 inpatient hospitalized children were included in the study. The positivity rate of MP immunoglobulin M (IgM) in the children who visited the outpatient and emergency departments varied from 7.80% to 10.12%, whereas that of MP infection in hospitalized children ranged from 27.18% to 30.10%. Children hospitalized for MP infection were mainly concentrated in the 1- to 4-year (41.39%) and 4- to 7-year (24.25%) age groups. Before 2020, the season with the highest incidence of MP was winter. After the implementation of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), the MP epidemic season changed, and the number of children with MP infections decreased; however, the proportion of MP infections in hospitalized children did not change significantly. Starting from August 2023, the MP infection rate in outpatient, emergency, and hospitalized children increased sharply, with SMPP and its complications (e.g., plastic bronchitis and pleural effusion) increasing significantly. MP is prevalent in NE and IM, China. When the NPIs ended, MP infection showed a delayed outbreak trend, and the number of children with severe infection increased significantly. IMPORTANCE In Northeastern (NE) and Inner Mongolia (IM), the incidence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) infections, including severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (SMPP), is high, posing health risks and imposing substantial economic burdens on the local population. Therefore, it is imperative to prioritize the study of MP prevalence and address the research gaps in MP epidemiology in these areas of China. We obtained a comprehensive collection of pediatric outpatient, emergency, and inpatient data from six public Grade III hospitals. We believe that our study makes a significant contribution to the literature because understanding regional variations in MP infections can help healthcare professionals tailor prevention and treatment strategies, and studying bronchoscopic manifestations can provide insights into the impact of the disease on the respiratory system, potentially leading to a more effective clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Qi Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Hongying Duo
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Jichun Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Children, The Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Shujun Jing
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Dalian Women and Children’s Medical Center Group, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiandong Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yunxiao Shang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ning Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhiliang Tian
- Department of Pediatrics, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xuxu Cai
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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18
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Zhu C, Hu B, Li X, Han W, Liang Y, Ma X. A Case Report of Mycoplasma pneumoniae-induced fulminant myocarditis in a 15-year-old male leading to cardiogenic shock and electrical storm. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1347885. [PMID: 38689858 PMCID: PMC11058217 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1347885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) is a well-recognized pathogen primarily associated with respiratory tract infections. However, in rare instances, it can lead to extrapulmonary manifestations, including myocarditis. We present a case of a 15-year-old male who developed fulminant myocarditis, cardiogenic shock, and cardiac electrical storm attributed to M. pneumoniae infection. He underwent a combination of intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) and veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) for cardiac support, ultimately surviving despite the intracardiac thrombus formation and embolic stroke. Following comprehensive treatment and rehabilitation, he was discharged in stable condition. This case underscores the importance of considering atypical pathogens as potential etiological factors in patients presenting with cardiac complications, especially in the adolescents. It also emphasizes the need for clinical vigilance and effective support for potential cardiac complications arising from M. pneumoniae infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xiaochun Ma
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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19
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Farookhi H, Xia X. Differential Selection for Translation Efficiency Shapes Translation Machineries in Bacterial Species. Microorganisms 2024; 12:768. [PMID: 38674712 PMCID: PMC11052298 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Different bacterial species have dramatically different generation times, from 20-30 min in Escherichia coli to about two weeks in Mycobacterium leprae. The translation machinery in a cell needs to synthesize all proteins for a new cell in each generation. The three subprocesses of translation, i.e., initiation, elongation, and termination, are expected to be under stronger selection pressure to optimize in short-generation bacteria (SGB) such as Vibrio natriegens than in the long-generation Mycobacterium leprae. The initiation efficiency depends on the start codon decoded by the initiation tRNA, the optimal Shine-Dalgarno (SD) decoded by the anti-SD (aSD) sequence on small subunit rRNA, and the secondary structure that may embed the initiation signals and prevent them from being decoded. The elongation efficiency depends on the tRNA pool and codon usage. The termination efficiency in bacteria depends mainly on the nature of the stop codon and the nucleotide immediately downstream of the stop codon. By contrasting SGB with long-generation bacteria (LGB), we predict (1) SGB to have more ribosome RNA operons to produce ribosomes, and more tRNA genes for carrying amino acids to ribosomes, (2) SGB to have a higher percentage of genes using AUG as the start codon and UAA as the stop codon than LGB, (3) SGB to exhibit better codon and anticodon adaptation than LGB, and (4) SGB to have a weaker secondary structure near the translation initiation signals than LGB. These differences between SGB and LGB should be more pronounced in highly expressed genes than the rest of the genes. We present empirical evidence in support of these predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Farookhi
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada;
| | - Xuhua Xia
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada;
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
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20
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Wang W, Wang L, Yin Z, Zeng S, Yao G, Liu Y, Fang Y, Ma C, Cui H. Correlation of DNA load, genotyping, and clinical phenotype of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in children. Front Pediatr 2024; 12:1369431. [PMID: 38655275 PMCID: PMC11035820 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2024.1369431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study aimed to investigate the correlation between Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP)-DNA load in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of children with MP pneumonia (MPP) and its subtypes, relevant laboratory data, imaging, extrapulmonary complications in infected children, and its clinical significance in evaluating the disease. Methods Children hospitalized with MPP at Tianjin Children's Hospital between December 2017 and December 2020 were selected for the study, excluding those with mixed viral, bacterial, and fungal infections. Children were divided into low- and high-load groups according to the MP DNA load in BALF using real-time quantitative fluorescence polymerase chain reaction (PCR). After a successful MP culture, positive specimens were subjected to PCR-Restriction fragment length polymorphism and Multiple-locus variable number tandem repeat analysis typing. Basic data, clinical information, laboratory data, and radiological results were collected from all children included in the study. Results The PI-I type dominated the different load groups. Children in the low-load group had more wheezing and shortness of breath; however, children in the high-load group had a higher length of hospitalization, maximum fever temperature, higher chills/chilliness, incidence of abdominal pain, and higher C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels. Children in the high-load group were more likely to have imaging changes such as pleural effusion, and the incidence of respiratory infections and extrapulmonary complications was higher than that of those in the low-load group. We applied Spearman's correlation analysis to clarify the relationship between MP DNA load and the clinical severity of MPP. We found that MP DNA load was positively correlated with length of hospitalization, maximum fever temperature, CRP, PCT, Interleukin-6 (IL-6), and AST levels, and negatively correlated with fever and cough durations, white blood cell count (WBC), and proportion of monocytes (MONO). The degree of correlation was as follows: length of hospitalization > IL-6 > cough duration > AST > fever duration > PCT > WBC > proportion of MONO > maximum fever temperature > CRP levels. Conclusions MP DNA load was not correlated with MP typing but was significantly correlated with the children's clinical phenotype. Therefore, the MP DNA load helps in the early diagnosis of infection and can better predict disease regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Tianjin Pediatric Research Institute, Tianjin Children’s Hospital (Tianjin University Children’s Hospital), Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Birth Defects for Prevention and Treatment, Tianjin, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Tianjin Pediatric Research Institute, Tianjin Children’s Hospital (Tianjin University Children’s Hospital), Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Birth Defects for Prevention and Treatment, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhaoqing Yin
- Division of Neonatology, The People’s Hospital of Dehong Autonomous Prefecture, Mangshi, Yunnan, China
| | - Shujuan Zeng
- Division of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Guohua Yao
- Infectious Diseases Section, Tianjin Children’s Hospital (Tianjin University Children’s Hospital), Tianjin, China
| | - Yuqiao Liu
- Infectious Diseases Section, Tianjin Children’s Hospital (Tianjin University Children’s Hospital), Tianjin, China
| | - Yulian Fang
- Tianjin Pediatric Research Institute, Tianjin Children’s Hospital (Tianjin University Children’s Hospital), Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Birth Defects for Prevention and Treatment, Tianjin, China
| | - Cuian Ma
- Infectious Diseases Section, Tianjin Children’s Hospital (Tianjin University Children’s Hospital), Tianjin, China
| | - Hualei Cui
- Tianjin Pediatric Research Institute, Tianjin Children’s Hospital (Tianjin University Children’s Hospital), Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Birth Defects for Prevention and Treatment, Tianjin, China
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21
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Wei Z, Zhao L, Wang S, Chang L, Shi J, Kong X, Li M, Lin J, Zhang W, Bao Z, Ding W, Hu X. Paralytic shellfish toxins producing dinoflagellates cause dysbacteriosis in scallop gut microbial biofilms. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 273:116146. [PMID: 38412634 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Filter-feeding bivalves could accumulate paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) produced by harmful dinoflagellates through diet. Despite that bivalves are resistant to these neurotoxins due to possessing PST-resistant sodium channel, exposure to PSTs-producing dinoflagellates impair bivalve survival. We hypothesized that ingesting PSTs-producing dinoflagellates may influence the gut microbiota, and then the health of bivalves. To test this idea, we compared the gut microbiota of the scallop Patinopecten yessoensis, after feeding with PST-producing or non-toxic dinoflagellates. Exposure to PSTs-producing dinoflagellates resulted in a decline of gut microbial diversity and a disturbance of community structure, accompanied by a significant increase in the abundance and richness of pathogenic bacteria, represented by Vibrio. Moreover, network analysis demonstrated extensive positive correlations between pathogenic bacteria abundances and PSTs concentrations in the digestive glands of the scallops. Furthermore, isolation of a dominant Vibrio strain and its genomic analysis revealed a variety of virulence factors, including the tolC outer membrane exporter, which were expressed in the gut microbiota. Finally, the infection experiment demonstrated scallop mortality caused by the isolated Vibrio strain; further, the pathogenicity of this Vibrio strain was attenuated by a mutation in the tolC gene. Together, these findings demonstrated that the PSTs may affect gut microbiota via direct and taxa-specific interactions with opportunistic pathogens, which proliferate after transition from seawater to the gut environment. The present study has revealed novel mechanisms towards deciphering the puzzles in environmental disturbances-caused death of an important aquaculture species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongcheng Wei
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Shuaitao Wang
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Lirong Chang
- Weihai Changqing Ocean Science & Technology Co. Ltd, Rongcheng, China
| | - Jiaoxia Shi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiangfu Kong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Moli Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Jinshui Lin
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Jujube, College of Life Sciences, Yanan University, Yanan, China
| | - Weipeng Zhang
- Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhenmin Bao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya, China
| | - Wei Ding
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.
| | - Xiaoli Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
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22
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Xing FF, Chiu KHY, Deng CW, Ye HY, Sun LL, Su YX, Cai HJ, Lo SKF, Rong L, Chen JL, Cheng VCC, Lung DC, Sridhar S, Chan JFW, Hung IFN, Yuen KY. Post-COVID-19 Pandemic Rebound of Macrolide-Resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infection: A Descriptive Study. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:262. [PMID: 38534697 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13030262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The rebound characteristics of respiratory infections after lifting pandemic control measures were uncertain. From January to November 2023, patients presenting at a teaching hospital were tested for common respiratory viruses and Mycoplasma pneumoniae using a combination of antigen, nucleic acid amplification, and targeted next-generation sequencing (tNGS) tests. The number and rate of positive tests per month, clinical and microbiological characteristics were analyzed. A rapid rebound of SARS-CoV-2 was followed by a slower rebound of M. pneumoniae, with an interval of 5 months between their peaks. The hospitalization rate was higher, with infections caused by respiratory viruses compared to M. pneumoniae. Though the pediatric hospitalization rate of respiratory viruses (66.1%) was higher than that of M. pneumoniae (34.0%), the 4094 cases of M. pneumoniae within 6 months posed a huge burden on healthcare services. Multivariate analysis revealed that M. pneumoniae-infected adults had more fatigue, comorbidities, and higher serum C-reactive protein, whereas children had a higher incidence of other respiratory pathogens detected by tNGS or pathogen-specific PCR, fever, and were more likely to be female. A total of 85% of M. pneumoniae-positive specimens had mutations detected at the 23rRNA gene, with 99.7% showing A2063G mutation. Days to defervescence were longer in those not treated by effective antibiotics and those requiring a change in antibiotic treatment. A delayed but significant rebound of M. pneumoniae was observed after the complete relaxation of pandemic control measures. No unusual, unexplained, or unresponsive cases of respiratory infections which warrant further investigation were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan-Fan Xing
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518053, China
| | | | - Chao-Wen Deng
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518053, China
| | - Hai-Yan Ye
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518053, China
| | - Lin-Lin Sun
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518053, China
| | - Yong-Xian Su
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518053, China
| | - Hui-Jun Cai
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518053, China
| | - Simon Kam-Fai Lo
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518053, China
| | - Lei Rong
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518053, China
| | - Jian-Liang Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518053, China
| | | | - David Christopher Lung
- Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Pathology, Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Siddharth Sridhar
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518053, China
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518053, China
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ivan Fan-Ngai Hung
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518053, China
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518053, China
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
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23
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Shen T, Li Y, Liu T, Lian Y, Kong L. Association between Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection, high‑density lipoprotein metabolism and cardiovascular health (Review). Biomed Rep 2024; 20:39. [PMID: 38357242 PMCID: PMC10865299 DOI: 10.3892/br.2024.1729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The association between Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) infection, high-density lipoprotein metabolism and cardiovascular disease is an emerging research area. The present review summarizes the basic characteristics of M. pneumoniae infection and its association with high-density lipoprotein and cardiovascular health. M. pneumoniae primarily invades the respiratory tract and damages the cardiovascular system through various mechanisms including adhesion, invasion, secretion of metabolites, production of autoantibodies and stimulation of cytokine production. Additionally, the present review highlights the potential role of high-density lipoprotein for the development of prevention and intervention of M. pneumoniae infection and cardiovascular disease, and provides suggestions for future research directions and clinical practice. It is urgent to explore the specific mechanisms underlying the association between M. pneumoniae infection, high-density lipoprotein metabolism, and cardiovascular disease and analyze the roles of the immune system and inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Shen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jincheng People's Hospital, Jincheng, Shanxi 048000, P.R. China
- Jincheng Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Jincheng, Shanxi 048000, P.R. China
| | - Yanfang Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jincheng People's Hospital, Jincheng, Shanxi 048000, P.R. China
- Jincheng Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Jincheng, Shanxi 048000, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jincheng People's Hospital, Jincheng, Shanxi 048000, P.R. China
- Jincheng Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Jincheng, Shanxi 048000, P.R. China
| | - Yunzhi Lian
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jincheng People's Hospital, Jincheng, Shanxi 048000, P.R. China
- Jincheng Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Jincheng, Shanxi 048000, P.R. China
| | - Luke Kong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jincheng People's Hospital, Jincheng, Shanxi 048000, P.R. China
- Jincheng Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Jincheng, Shanxi 048000, P.R. China
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24
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Meyer Sauteur PM, Beeton ML. Mycoplasma pneumoniae: delayed re-emergence after COVID-19 pandemic restrictions. THE LANCET. MICROBE 2024; 5:e100-e101. [PMID: 38008103 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-5247(23)00344-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M Meyer Sauteur
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich CH-8032, Switzerland.
| | - Michael L Beeton
- Microbiology and Infection Research Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
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25
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Larcher R, Boudet A, Roger C, Villa F, Loubet P. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is back! Is it the next pandemic? Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med 2024; 43:101338. [PMID: 38072068 DOI: 10.1016/j.accpm.2023.101338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Romaric Larcher
- PhyMedExp (Physiology and Experimental Medicine), INSERM, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, CHU Nimes, Nimes, France
| | - Agathe Boudet
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie, CHU Nimes, Univ. Montpellier, Nimes, France
| | - Claire Roger
- UR-UM103 IMAGINE, Univ. Montpellier, Division of Anesthesia Critical Care, Pain and Emergency Medicine, Nîmes University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Fanny Villa
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, CHU Nimes, Univ. Montpellier, Nimes, France
| | - Paul Loubet
- VBIC (Bacterial Virulence and Chronic Infection), INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, CHU Nimes, Nimes, France.
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26
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Nucifora D, Mehta ND, Giguere DJ, Karas BJ. An Expanded Genetic Toolbox to Accelerate the Creation of Acholeplasma laidlawii Driven by Synthetic Genomes. ACS Synth Biol 2024; 13:45-53. [PMID: 38113213 PMCID: PMC10805103 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.3c00399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
We have developed genetic tools for the atypical bacterium Acholeplasma laidlawii. A. laidlawii is a member of the class Mollicutes, which lacks cell walls, has small genomes, and has limited metabolic capabilities, requiring many metabolites from their hosts. Several of these traits have facilitated the development of genome transplantation for some Mollicutes, consequently enabling the generation of synthetic cells. Here, we propose the development of genome transplantation for A. laidlawii. We first investigated a donor-recipient relationship between two strains, PG-8A and PG-8195, through whole-genome sequencing. We then created multihost shuttle plasmids and used them to optimize an electroporation protocol. We also evolved a superior strain for DNA uptake via electroporation. We created a PG-8A donor strain with a Tn5 transposon carrying a tetracycline resistance gene. These tools will enhance Acholeplasma research and accelerate the effort toward creating A. laidlawii strains with synthetic genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel
P. Nucifora
- Department
of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Nidhi D. Mehta
- Department
of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Daniel J. Giguere
- Department
of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Bogumil J. Karas
- Department
of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
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27
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Bolluyt DC, Euser SM, Souverein D, van Rossum AM, Kalpoe J, van Westreenen M, Goeijenbier M, Snijders D, Eggink D, Jongenotter F, van Lelyveld SF, van Houten MA. Increased incidence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections and hospital admissions in the Netherlands, November to December 2023. Euro Surveill 2024; 29:2300724. [PMID: 38275014 PMCID: PMC10986650 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2024.29.4.2300724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma pneumoniae is an important cause of pneumonia and extra-pulmonary manifestations. We observed a rise in admissions due to M. pneumoniae infections starting October 2023 in a regional hospital in the Netherlands and an increased incidence in national surveillance data. The incidence in the Netherlands has not been that high since 2011. The patients had a lower median age compared with 2019 and 2020 (28 vs 40 years). M. pneumoniae should be considered in patients with respiratory symptoms, especially children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dita C Bolluyt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Spaarne Gasthuis, Haarlem/Hoofddorp, the Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd M Euser
- These authors contributed equally to this work and share authorship
- Regional Public Health Laboratory Kennemerland, Haarlem, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis Souverein
- These authors contributed equally to this work and share authorship
- Regional Public Health Laboratory Kennemerland, Haarlem, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jayant Kalpoe
- Regional Public Health Laboratory Kennemerland, Haarlem, The Netherlands
| | - Mireille van Westreenen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Erasmus MC University Medical centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marco Goeijenbier
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Spaarne Gasthuis, Haarlem/Hoofddorp, the Netherlands
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dominic Snijders
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Spaarne Gasthuis, Haarlem/Hoofddorp, the Netherlands
| | - Dirk Eggink
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Femke Jongenotter
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Steven Fl van Lelyveld
- Department of Internal Medicine, Spaarne Gasthuis, Haarlem/Hoofddorp, the Netherlands
- These authors contributed equally to this work and share authorship
| | - Marlies A van Houten
- These authors contributed equally to this work and share authorship
- Department of Paediatrics, Spaarne Gasthuis, Haarlem/Hoofddorp, The Netherlands
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28
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Zhang XB, He W, Gui YH, Lu Q, Yin Y, Zhang JH, Dong XY, Wang YW, Ye YZ, Xu H, Wang JY, Shen B, Gu DP, Wang LB, Wang Y. Current Mycoplasma pneumoniae epidemic among children in Shanghai: unusual pneumonia caused by usual pathogen. World J Pediatr 2024; 20:5-10. [PMID: 38231466 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-023-00793-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Bo Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Wen He
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Yong-Hao Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering at School of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproduction & Development, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Quan Lu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Yin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Hua Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Dong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Wen Wang
- Department of Nursing, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Zi Ye
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Yu Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Shen
- Shanghai Shenkang Hospital Development Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan-Ping Gu
- Center for Medical Quality Control Management of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Bo Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China.
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China.
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29
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Yoshimoto K, Matsubara M, Kobayashi T, Nishio K. A Case of Mycoplasma Infection with an Atypical Presentation of Abducens Nerve Palsy, Erythema Multiforme and Polyarthritis without Respiratory Manifestations. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 60:36. [PMID: 38256298 PMCID: PMC10818581 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a self-propagating microorganism that commonly causes respiratory tract infections. It can also cause a variety of extrapulmonary symptoms with or independently of respiratory symptoms, such as skin lesions, arthralgia, myalgia, hemolysis, cardiac lesions, gastrointestinal symptoms, and central nervous system lesions, which are rare manifestations reported in approximately 0.1% of cases. In this study, we present a unique case of Mycoplasma-related abducens nerve palsy, polyarthritis, and erythema multiforme without respiratory disease. The patient was a 69-year-old woman who presented to our hospital with a skin rash, fever, arthralgia, and diplopia without respiratory symptoms. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed optic neuritis on the right side, suggesting the diplopia was caused by right abducens nerve palsy. However, the etiologies of abducens nerve palsy were not revealed by the physical examination, blood biochemistry tests, or bacteriological examinations, including the cerebrospinal fluid examination obtained at admission. Mycoplasma infection was suspected from erythema multiforme revealed by a skin biopsy and polyarthralgia, and it was finally diagnosed according to elevated Mycoplasma particle agglutination (PA) antibodies in paired serum. Though minocycline did not improve her diplopia, the daily administration of 30 mg of prednisolone gradually improved her symptoms, and the Mycoplasma PA antibody titer, which was regularly measured in the clinical course, also decreased, suggesting a relationship between Mycoplasma infection and abducens nerve palsy. This is the first case of isolated abducens nerve palsy, which was reported as the only central neurological symptom in an adult patient with Mycoplasma infection. The mechanism or pathogenesis of CNS manifestations caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae remains to be elucidated, and further investigation is needed. Hence, Mycoplasma infection is a common disease. Clinicians should be aware of the diverse manifestations, including abducens nerve palsy, of Mycoplasma infection and should consider Mycoplasma infection even in the absence of typical respiratory symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyomi Yoshimoto
- Department of General Medicine, Nara Medical University Hospital, Kashihara 634-8522, Nara, Japan; (M.M.); (T.K.); (K.N.)
| | - Masaki Matsubara
- Department of General Medicine, Nara Medical University Hospital, Kashihara 634-8522, Nara, Japan; (M.M.); (T.K.); (K.N.)
| | - Tadanao Kobayashi
- Department of General Medicine, Nara Medical University Hospital, Kashihara 634-8522, Nara, Japan; (M.M.); (T.K.); (K.N.)
- Department of General Medicine, Uda City Hospital, Uda 633-0298, Nara, Japan
| | - Kenji Nishio
- Department of General Medicine, Nara Medical University Hospital, Kashihara 634-8522, Nara, Japan; (M.M.); (T.K.); (K.N.)
- Department of General Medicine, Uda City Hospital, Uda 633-0298, Nara, Japan
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30
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Trapella G, Cinti N, Parma L, De Marco A, Dell'Acqua AN, Turroni S, Rampelli S, Scicchitano D, Iuffrida L, Bonaldo A, Franzellitti S, Candela M, Palladino G. Microbiome variation at the clam-sediment interface may explain changes in local productivity of Chamelea gallina in the North Adriatic sea. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:402. [PMID: 38114947 PMCID: PMC10729368 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03146-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clam Chamelea gallina is an ecologically and economically important marine species in the Northwestern Adriatic Sea, which currently suffers from occasional, and still unexplained, widespread mortality events. In order to provide some glimpses in this direction, this study explores the connections between microbiome variations at the clam-sediment interface and the nutritional status of clams collected at four Italian production sites along the Emilia Romagna coast, with different mortality incidence, higher in the Northern sites and lower in the Southern sites. RESULTS According to our findings, each production site showed a peculiar microbiome arrangement at the clam-sediment interface, with features that clearly differentiate the Northern and Southern sites, with the latter also being associated with a better nutritional status of the animal. Interestingly, the C. gallina digestive gland microbiome from the Southern sites was enriched in some health-promoting microbiome components, capable of supplying the host with essential nutrients and defensive molecules. Furthermore, in experiments conducted under controlled conditions in aquaria, we provided preliminary evidence of the prebiotic action of sediments from the Southern sites, allowing to boost the acquisition of previously identified health-promoting components of the digestive gland microbiome by clams from the Northern sites. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our findings may help define innovative microbiome-based management strategies for the preservation of the productivity of C. gallina clams in the Adriatic Sea, through the identification and maintenance of a probiotic niche at the animal-sediment interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Trapella
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, 40126, Italy
- Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Bioaffiliationersity, Resources and Biotechnologies, Fano, 61032, Italy
| | - Nicolò Cinti
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, 40126, Italy
- Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Bioaffiliationersity, Resources and Biotechnologies, Fano, 61032, Italy
| | - Luca Parma
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia (Bologna), 40064, Italy
| | - Antonina De Marco
- Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Bioaffiliationersity, Resources and Biotechnologies, Fano, 61032, Italy
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia (Bologna), 40064, Italy
| | - Andrea Nicolò Dell'Acqua
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, 40126, Italy
- Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Bioaffiliationersity, Resources and Biotechnologies, Fano, 61032, Italy
| | - Silvia Turroni
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Simone Rampelli
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, 40126, Italy
- Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Bioaffiliationersity, Resources and Biotechnologies, Fano, 61032, Italy
| | - Daniel Scicchitano
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, 40126, Italy
- Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Bioaffiliationersity, Resources and Biotechnologies, Fano, 61032, Italy
| | - Letizia Iuffrida
- Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Bioaffiliationersity, Resources and Biotechnologies, Fano, 61032, Italy
- Animal and Environmental Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (BiGeA), University of Bologna, Ravenna, 48123, Italy
| | - Alessio Bonaldo
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia (Bologna), 40064, Italy
| | - Silvia Franzellitti
- Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Bioaffiliationersity, Resources and Biotechnologies, Fano, 61032, Italy
- Animal and Environmental Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (BiGeA), University of Bologna, Ravenna, 48123, Italy
| | - Marco Candela
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, 40126, Italy
- Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Bioaffiliationersity, Resources and Biotechnologies, Fano, 61032, Italy
| | - Giorgia Palladino
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, 40126, Italy.
- Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Bioaffiliationersity, Resources and Biotechnologies, Fano, 61032, Italy.
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Li J, Chen C, Gao L, Wang L, Wang W, Zhang J, Gong Z, Wang J, Guo Y. Analysis of histopathology and changes of major cytokines in the lesions caused by Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae infection. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:273. [PMID: 38102682 PMCID: PMC10722778 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03829-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae (M. ovipneumoniae) is one of the main pathogens of sheep pneumonia, causing a series of clinical symptoms, such as depression, anorexia, hyperthermia, cough, dyspnea, and tract secretions. In recent years, the prevalence of M. ovipneumoniae pneumonia has become increasingly serious in sheep farms in Ningxia, China, leading to the death of sheep, and causing significant economic losses. In this study, the pathological organs infected by M. ovipneumoniae were collected to observe histopathological change, to determine the tissue localization of M. ovipneumoniae, and to analyze the cytokine changes, which lays a basis for the diagnosis and pathogenesis of M. ovipneumoniae disease. RESULTS In this study, M. ovipneumoniae was detected in 97 of 105 samples collected from 13 large-scale sheep farms for nucleic acid by PCR. One representative isolate per farm was isolated from 13 farms. The lesions caused by M. ovipneumoniae were mainly in the trachea, bronchus, and lung, including necrosis of tracheal mucosal epithelial cells, disintegration of some epithelial cells, edema of mucosal lamina propria, with inflammatory cell infiltration, cytoplasmic vacuolization of epithelial cells of bronchial mucosa, massive infiltration of inflammatory cells in the alveolar space of lung, necrosis and hyperplasia of alveolar epithelial cells. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the proportion of M. ovipneumoniae positive area in the lung was the largest, followed by that in the bronchus and trachea. Compared to healthy animals, diseased animals exhibited up-regulated gene expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and NF-κB in the trachea, bronchus, and lungs. In contrast, the expression of IL-10, IL-12, and IFN-γ was primarily limited to the trachea and bronchus. The expression of IL-1β showed differential patterns across different lung regions, with variations observed among lung lobes. Additionally, other cytokines consistently showed significant up-regulation specifically in the bronchus. CONCLUSIONS M. ovipneumoniae is primarily found in the lungs of infected individuals. NF-κB, an essential transcription factor, is involved in the regulation of IL-1β transcription. IL-12 may enhance the cytotoxic function of natural killer cells during M. ovipneumoniae infection. Those findings demonstrate the distinct expression profiles of cytokines in various anatomical sites throughout disease progression, suggesting the potential role of bronchial tissue as a major site of immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jidong Li
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China
| | - Can Chen
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China
| | - Le Gao
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China
| | - Jinhua Zhang
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China
- Institute of Animal Science, Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, 750002, Ningxia, China
| | - Zhenxing Gong
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China
| | - Jiandong Wang
- Institute of Animal Science, Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, 750002, Ningxia, China.
| | - Yanan Guo
- Institute of Animal Science, Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, 750002, Ningxia, China.
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Wang N, Chen Y, Qu X, Bian X, Hu J, Xu X, Xiao L, Liu Y, Zhang J. In vitro pharmacodynamics of nemonoxacin and other antimicrobial agents against Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0243123. [PMID: 37975686 PMCID: PMC10715200 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02431-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE This study first reported the in vitro effector kinetics of the new non-fluorinated quinolone, nemonoxacin, against macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae (MRMP) and macrolide susceptible M. pneumoniae (MSMP) strains along with other antimicrobial agents. The time-kill assays and pharmacodynamic analysis showed that nemonoxacin has significant mycoplasmacidal activity against MRMP and MSMP. This study paves the road to establish appropriate dosing protocols of a new antimicrobial drug for children infected with M. pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wang
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, Shanghai, China
- National Health Commission & National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuancheng Chen
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, Shanghai, China
- National Health Commission & National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Phase I Unit, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingyi Qu
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, Shanghai, China
- National Health Commission & National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Phase I Unit, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingchen Bian
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, Shanghai, China
- National Health Commission & National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Phase I Unit, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiali Hu
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, Shanghai, China
- National Health Commission & National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaogang Xu
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, Shanghai, China
- National Health Commission & National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Xiao
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, Shanghai, China
- National Health Commission & National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, Shanghai, China
- National Health Commission & National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Phase I Unit, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Ha EK, Kim JH, Cha HR, Han BE, Shin YH, Baek HS, Choi SH, Han MY. Investigating the occurrence of autoimmune diseases among children and adolescents hospitalized for Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1165586. [PMID: 38124736 PMCID: PMC10732509 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1165586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection is common in the general population and may be followed by immune dysfunction, but links with subsequent autoimmune disease remain inconclusive. Objective To estimate the association of M. pneumoniae infection with the risk of subsequent autoimmune disease. Methods This retrospective cohort study examined the medical records of South Korean children from 01/01/2002 to 31/12/2017. The exposed cohort was identified as patients hospitalized for M. pneumoniae infection. Each exposed patient was matched with unexposed controls based on birth year and sex at a 1:10 ratio using incidence density sampling calculations. The outcome was subsequent diagnosis of autoimmune disease, and hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated with control for confounders. Further estimation was performed using hospital-based databases which were converted to a common data model (CDM) to allow comparisons of the different databases. Results The exposed cohort consisted of 49,937 children and the matched unexposed of 499,370 children. The median age at diagnosis of M. pneumoniae infection was 4 years (interquartile range, 2.5-6.5 years). During a mean follow-up time of 9.0 ± 3.8 years, the incidence rate of autoimmune diseases was 66.5 per 10,000 person-years (95% CI: 64.3-68.8) in the exposed cohort and 52.3 per 10,000 person-years (95% CI: 51.7-52.9) in the unexposed cohort, corresponding to an absolute rate of difference of 14.3 per 10,000 person-years (95% CI: 11.9-16.6). Children in the exposed cohort had an increased risk of autoimmune disease (HR: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.21-1.31), and this association was similar in the separate analysis of hospital databases (HR: 1.25; 95% CI 1.06-1.49). Conclusion M. pneumoniae infection requiring hospitalization may be associated with an increase in subsequent diagnoses of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Kyo Ha
- Department of Pediatrics, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hee Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Ryeong Cha
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Eun Han
- Department of Software, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn Ho Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Yeouido St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hey-Sung Baek
- Department of Pediatrics, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Hee Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Man Yong Han
- Department of Pediatrics, Bundang CHA Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
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Zhao H, Zhao Y, Yan N, Wang Y, Li W, Zhao J, Xu Y, Tang H, Liu X. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in non-severe and severe pneumonia patients. J Microbiol Methods 2023; 215:106848. [PMID: 37871727 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2023.106848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) is widely used as a more promising technology than conventional tests. However, its clinical utility in the context of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples for discriminating between non-severe and severe pneumonia is not well established. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the diagnostic performance of mNGS on BALF samples from 100 individuals suspected of pneumonia, and compared it with conventional microbiological tests (CMT) of BALF samples and the final clinical diagnosis. Twenty-seven cases of non-severe pneumonia and 73 cases of severe pneumonia patients were finally clinically diagnosed. Among 100 cases, diagnostic performance of mNGS and culture showed a significant difference; 65 cases had the same sample types, of which 25 cases were diagnosed as positive by mNGS only (38.46%) and 1 was diagnosed as positive by culture only (1.54%). Moreover, 24 cases were diagnosed positive in both mNGS and culture (36.92%) and 15 cases tested negative in both mNGS and culture (23.08%). Among 35 cases, 28 out of 35 cases were diagnosed as positive by mNGS, while only 4 out of 35 cases were diagnosed as positive by the indirect immunofluorescence method (IIFT). In addition, the positive rate of mNGS was higher than that of culture in cases regardless of prior antibiotic exposure. Mixed pathogens were found to be significantly more prevalent in severe pneumonia patients than in non-severe pneumonia patients. Importantly, among 38 cases who were diagnosed solely by mNGS, 25 patients experienced an improved outcome after physicians changed the therapy according to the mNGS results. In conclusion, the results showed that mNGS of BALF represents a potentially effective tool for detection of mixed pathogens in severe pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqin Zhao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze 274000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yanhong Zhao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze 274000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Nana Yan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze 274000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze 274000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Wushuang Li
- Shanghai Biotecan Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., 180 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201204, China; Shanghai Zhangjiang Institute of Medical Innovation, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Jiangman Zhao
- Shanghai Biotecan Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., 180 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201204, China; Shanghai Zhangjiang Institute of Medical Innovation, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Yue Xu
- Shanghai Biotecan Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., 180 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201204, China; Shanghai Zhangjiang Institute of Medical Innovation, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Hui Tang
- Shanghai Biotecan Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., 180 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201204, China; Shanghai Zhangjiang Institute of Medical Innovation, Shanghai 201204, China; Department of Interventional and Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Xunchao Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze 274000, Shandong Province, China.
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Shin S, Koo S, Yang YJ, Lim HJ. Characteristics of the Mycoplasma pneumoniae Epidemic from 2019 to 2020 in Korea: Macrolide Resistance and Co-Infection Trends. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1623. [PMID: 37998825 PMCID: PMC10669541 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12111623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma pneumoniae, a major etiological agent of community-acquired pneumonia, exhibits distinct cyclic epidemic patterns recurring every three to five years. Several cases of co-infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 have been reported globally, resulting in unfavorable clinical manifestations. This study investigated the epidemiological features of the recent M. pneumoniae outbreak (May 2019-April 2020) using retrospective data from the last five years. Molecular test data for macrolide resistance and co-infection were obtained from the Seegene Medical Foundation. National medical expenditure and hospitalization rates were analyzed using data from The Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service of Korea. The macrolide resistance rate was 69.67%, peaking at 71.30% during the epidemic period, which was considerably higher than the 60.89% rate during non-epidemic periods. The co-infection rate with other respiratory pathogens was 88.49%; macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae strains showed a 2.33% higher co-infection rate than the susceptible strains. The epidemic period had 15.43% higher hospitalization and 78.27% higher medical budget expenditure per patient than non-epidemic periods. The increased rates of macrolide resistance and co-infection observed in macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae during the epidemic period highlight the importance of monitoring future outbreaks, especially considering macrolide resistance and the risk of co-infection with other pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyoun Shin
- Daejeon & Chungcheong Reference Lab., Seegene Medical Foundation, Daejeon 35203, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sunhoe Koo
- Daejeon & Chungcheong Reference Lab., Seegene Medical Foundation, Daejeon 35203, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yong-Jin Yang
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Seegene Medical Foundation, Seoul 04805, Republic of Korea; (Y.-J.Y.); (H.-J.L.)
| | - Ho-Jae Lim
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Seegene Medical Foundation, Seoul 04805, Republic of Korea; (Y.-J.Y.); (H.-J.L.)
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Chowdhury ZM, Jamal TB, Ahammad I, Bhattacharjee A, Lamisa AB, Jani JM, Israk MF, Hossain MU, Das KC, Keya CA, Salimullah M. Identification of repurposable drug targets in Mycoplasma pneumoniae using subtractive genomics, molecular docking and dynamics simulation. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21466. [PMID: 38034688 PMCID: PMC10682543 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a significant causative agent of community-acquired pneumonia, causing acute inflammation in the upper and lower respiratory tract as well as extrapulmonary syndromes. In particular, the elderly and infants are at greater risk of developing severe, life-threatening pneumonia caused by M. pneumoniae. Yet, the global increase in antimicrobial resistance against antibiotics for the treatment of M. pneumoniae infection highlights the urgent need to explore novel drug targets. To this end, bioinformatics approaches, such as subtractive genomics, can be employed to identify specific metabolic pathways and essential proteins unique to the pathogen that could be potential targets for new drugs. In this study, we implemented a subtractive genomics approach to identify 61 metabolic pathways and 42 essential proteins that are unique to M. pneumoniae. A subsequent screening in the DrugBank database revealed three druggable proteins with similarity to FDA-approved small-molecule drugs, and finally, the compound CHEBI:97093 was identified as a promising novel putative drug target. These findings can provide crucial insights for the development of highly effective drugs that selectively inhibit the pathogen-specific metabolic pathways, leading to better management and treatment of M. pneumoniae infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeshan Mahmud Chowdhury
- Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Biotechnology, Ganakbari, Ashulia, Savar, Dhaka, 1349, Bangladesh
| | - Tabassum Binte Jamal
- Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Biotechnology, Ganakbari, Ashulia, Savar, Dhaka, 1349, Bangladesh
| | - Ishtiaque Ahammad
- Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Biotechnology, Ganakbari, Ashulia, Savar, Dhaka, 1349, Bangladesh
| | - Arittra Bhattacharjee
- Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Biotechnology, Ganakbari, Ashulia, Savar, Dhaka, 1349, Bangladesh
| | - Anika Bushra Lamisa
- Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Biotechnology, Ganakbari, Ashulia, Savar, Dhaka, 1349, Bangladesh
| | - Jannatul Maoa Jani
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Md Fahim Israk
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Uzzal Hossain
- Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Biotechnology, Ganakbari, Ashulia, Savar, Dhaka, 1349, Bangladesh
| | - Keshob Chandra Das
- Molecular Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Biotechnology, Ganakbari, Ashulia, Savar, Dhaka, 1349, Bangladesh
| | - Chaman Ara Keya
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Md Salimullah
- Molecular Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Biotechnology, Ganakbari, Ashulia, Savar, Dhaka, 1349, Bangladesh
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Kumar S, Kumar S. Mycoplasma pneumoniae: Among the smallest bacterial pathogens with great clinical significance in children. Indian J Med Microbiol 2023; 46:100480. [PMID: 37741157 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2023.100480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycoplasmas are the smallest prokaryotic microorganisms found in nature. Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) is the most commonly studied among human mycoplasmas. OBJECTIVES In this review, we briefly focus on the recent developments that have enhanced our understanding of M. pneumoniae, one of the smallest pathogenic bacteria of great clinical importance in children. CONTENT M. pneumoniae infections may involve either upper or lower respiratory tract or both of them. Extrapulmonary manifestations have been reported in almost every organ, including the skin and the hematologic, cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and nervous system due to direct local effects, after dissemination of bacteria or indirect effects. The correct identification of M. pneumoniae infections is vital for prescription of the appropriate therapy.There are scarce specific findings of clinical laboratory results for the diagnosis of M. pneumoniae infection. Detection of M. pneumoniae infections can be achieved using culture, serology, or molecular-based methods. Culture is time-consuming, laborious, and expensive. The major types of serological tests for M. pneumoniae include the microtiter plate enzyme immunoassay (EIA), the membrane EIA, indirect immunofluorescence, and particle agglutination. Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) include traditional PCR, nested PCR, real-time quantitative PCR, nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA), loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technology, and RNA simultaneous amplification and testing (SAT). Macrolides have been the drug of choice for treating M. pneumoniae infection in past years. Clinically significant acquired macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae (MRMP)has emerged worldwide which may be associated with more extrapulmonary complications, and severe clinical and radiological features. Since molecular-based assays can detect M. pnueumoniae in clinical specimens, there is a need for real point of care testing for fast detection of M. pneumoniae or its DNA and mutations in macrolide resistance gene. It is necessary to develop safe vaccines that provide protective immunity against M.pneumoniae infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surinder Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, 110002, India.
| | - Sourabh Kumar
- Department of Pathology, Government Medical College & Hospital, Sector 32, Chandigarh, 160030, India
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Ma J, Guo P, Mei S, Li M, Yu Z, Zhang Y, Shen A, Sun H, Li L. Influence of COVID-19 pandemic on the epidemiology of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections among hospitalized children in Henan, China. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22213. [PMID: 38106667 PMCID: PMC10722323 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing reports have indicated that non-pharmaceutical interventions to control the COVID-19 pandemic may also have an effect on the prevalence of other pathogens. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is an important atypical pathogen prevalent in children with high rates of macrolide resistance. The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of M. pneumoniae infection in children before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods In this study, M. pneumoniae detection results were extracted from Henan Children's Hospital from 2018 to 2021. The epidemiological characteristics of pediatric M. pneumoniae infection were analyzed. Results We found that the highest positive rate of M. pneumoniae infection was 11.00 % in 2018, 14.01 % in 2019, followed by 11.24 % in 2021 and 8.75 % in 2020 (p < 0.001). Most tested children had respiratory system manifestations, and pneumoniae was the most common diagnosis (53.23 %). An increase in the number of positive cases was observed with an increase in age, with a higher number of cases among children over 6 years old. No positive cases were identified among children aged 1-28 days. The decrease in the positive rate among children aged between1-6 years old in 2020 and 2021 was found to be statistically significant (p < 0.001). The pre-pandemic period demonstrated a higher incidence rate in the fall, whereas the summers and winters exhibited a significantly higher positive rate during the pandemic period (p < 0.001). Different regions in Henan also showed different epidemic patterns. Conclusions In summary, strict pandemic measures influenced the spread of M. pneumoniae to some extent and changed demographic characteristics, including age, season and regional distribution. Continuous monitoring is required for the control and prevention of related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayue Ma
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Children's Infectious Diseases, Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Pengbo Guo
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Children's Infectious Diseases, Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shiyue Mei
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Children's Infectious Diseases, Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mingchao Li
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Children's Infectious Diseases, Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhidan Yu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Children's Infectious Diseases, Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yaodong Zhang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Children's Infectious Diseases, Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Adong Shen
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Children's Infectious Diseases, Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huiqing Sun
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Children's Infectious Diseases, Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lifeng Li
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Children's Infectious Diseases, Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
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39
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Weng NC, Yu WL. Isolation of Mycoplasma salivarium in the empyema of a diabetic patient with deep neck infection and necrotizing mediastinitis: A case report. IDCases 2023; 34:e01915. [PMID: 37886697 PMCID: PMC10597854 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2023.e01915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma species (spp.) are predominantly found in the human oropharynx, and extracavity infections are rare. Conventional culture limitations hinder Mycoplasma spp. recovery, potentially causing overlooked infections. Molecular techniques reveal their roles in various infections. Mycoplasma pneumoniae causes pneumonia, while Mycoplasma salivarium (M. salivarium) in empyema is scarcely reported. We present a case of a 61-year-old man who suffered from tonsillitis, deep neck infection, necrotizing mediastinitis, and bilateral pleural infections. Mixed pathogens, mainly M. salivarium, were implicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning-Chun Weng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Liang Yu
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, school of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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40
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Hu L, Wang X, Cao D, Cheng Q, Li Q. Establishment and Performance Evaluation of Multiplex PCR-Dipstick DNA Chromatography for Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae Rapid Detection. THE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY = JOURNAL CANADIEN DES MALADIES INFECTIEUSES ET DE LA MICROBIOLOGIE MEDICALE 2023; 2023:6654504. [PMID: 37808892 PMCID: PMC10555492 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6654504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Methods Nasopharyngeal swab samples of 300 children with an acute respiratory tract infection were detected by a multiplex PCR-dipstick chromatography assay, and the results were compared with the DNA sequencing and serum IgM antibody assay. Results A multiplex PCR-dipstick DNA assay can specifically detect Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae and shows a good specificity, with a minimum detection limit of 10 CFU/mL, respectively. Using DNA sequencing results as the gold standard, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the multiplex PCR-dipstick DNA chromatography assay for the diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae were 96.61%, 100%, 100%, and 99.18% respectively, and those of Chlamydia pneumoniae were 95.24%, 100%, 100%, and 99.64% respectively. There was no statistical significance MP and CP diagnosis by the multiplex PCR-dipstick DNA assay and DNA sequencing (MP: P = 0.5; CP: P = 1.0), and the two assays had very high statistical consistency (MP: kappa = 0.979; CP: kappa = 0.974). The positive rate of the multiplex PCR-dipstick chromatography assay was significantly higher than that of the serum IgM antibody assay, with MP (17.7% vs. 13.3%), CP (5.7% vs. 3.3%), and mixed infection of MP and CP (1.3% vs. 0.67%). Conclusions A multiplex PCR-dipstick chromatography assay was successfully established for the joint detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae within 2 hours. It is simple, fast, sensitive, accurate, cost-effective with good diagnostic performance, which can be used for small laboratories and point-of-care diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuyang Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning 530016, China
| | - Xiuri Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning 530016, China
| | - Donglin Cao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou 510317, China
| | - Qiuchen Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning 530016, China
| | - Qiong Li
- Guangzhou Biotron Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510336, China
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Nagayama T, Ohara J, Sano C, Ohta R. Staphylococcus epidermidis Bacteremia in an Older Patient With Guillain-Barré Syndrome With Fever of Unknown Origin: A Case Report. Cureus 2023; 15:e45940. [PMID: 37885527 PMCID: PMC10599601 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an immune-mediated disorder that affects the peripheral nerves, often leading to weakness, numbness, and paralysis. Although GBS does not induce immunosuppression, severe cases can render patients vulnerable to infection due to various complications. We present the case of a 70-year-old woman who developed GBS following a Mycoplasma infection. The patient's prolonged GBS symptoms led to an immunocompromised state, resulting in sepsis due to bacteremia caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis. Respiratory muscle paralysis necessitated intubation and mechanical ventilation, predisposing the patient to aspiration pneumonia. Prolonged hospitalization increases the risk of infection, as exemplified by catheter-related bloodstream infections and respiratory bacterial colonization. Although GBS does not inherently suppress immunity, its complications, such as musculoskeletal and respiratory failure, can mimic immunodeficiency, necessitating comprehensive management. A system-based approach should address neurological deficits and potential complications, emphasizing collaboration among medical specialties. This case highlights the importance of recognizing GBS-related challenges and adopting a holistic strategy for effective patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoe Nagayama
- Family Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare Graduate School of Health Sciences, Tokyo, JPN
| | - Junya Ohara
- Family Medicine, Unnan City Hospital, Unnan, JPN
| | - Chiaki Sano
- Community Medicine Management, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, JPN
| | - Ryuichi Ohta
- Communiy Care, Unnan City Hospital, Unnan, Shimane, JPN
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Gütgemann F, Müller A, Churin Y, Kumm F, Braun AS, Yue M, Eisenberg T, Entorf M, Peters T, Kehrenberg C. Toward a Method for Harmonized Susceptibility Testing of Mycoplasma bovis by Broth Microdilution. J Clin Microbiol 2023; 61:e0190522. [PMID: 37439667 PMCID: PMC10446863 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01905-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma bovis is a fastidious pathogen of cattle causing massive economic losses in the calf and dairy industries worldwide. Since there is no approved standard method for antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) of M. bovis, the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute has requested the development of a suitable method. Therefore, this study aimed at developing a method for harmonized broth microdilution AST of M. bovis. For this, 131 M. bovis field isolates and M. bovis strain DSM 22781T were collected and macrorestriction analysis was performed to select 15 epidemiologically unrelated M. bovis strains for method validation steps. To select a suitable broth for AST of M. bovis, growth determinations were performed using five media and growth curves were compiled. Then, susceptibility testing was performed considering the exact (precondition of five identical MICs) and essential (MIC mode, accepting a deviation of ±1 dilution step) MIC agreements to evaluate the reproducibility of MIC values using a panel of 16 antimicrobial agents. Subsequently, the remaining field isolates were tested and the suitability of quality control (QC) strains was assessed. Growth experiments showed that SP4 broth was the only one of the five media that yielded sufficient growth of M. bovis. Therefore, it was selected as the test medium for AST and homogeneous MIC values were obtained (exact and essential agreements of 36 to 100% and 92 to 100%, respectively). For all other isolates tested, easy-to-read MIC endpoints were determined with this medium. High overall MIC50 and/or MIC90 values were observed for aminoglycosides and macrolides, and some isolates showed elevated MICs of fluoroquinolones, gentamicin, and/or tiamulin. Since the MICs of four commonly used QC strains were partially not within their ranges, a 20-fold MIC testing of M. bovis DSM 22781T was performed and met the criteria for a new QC strain. For harmonized AST of M. bovis, SP4 broth seems to be suitable with an incubation time of 72 ± 2 h and further validation of M. bovis DSM 22781T as a future QC strain is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Gütgemann
- Institute for Veterinary Food Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Anja Müller
- Institute for Veterinary Food Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Yury Churin
- Institute for Veterinary Food Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Franziska Kumm
- Institute for Veterinary Food Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ann Sophie Braun
- Institute for Veterinary Food Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Min Yue
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Science and Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University College of Animal Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tobias Eisenberg
- Hessian State Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Giessen, Germany
| | - Monika Entorf
- Dairy Herd Consulting and Research Company (MBFG), Wunstorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Peters
- Dairy Herd Consulting and Research Company (MBFG), Wunstorf, Germany
| | - Corinna Kehrenberg
- Institute for Veterinary Food Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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Zhang Z, Dou H, Yuan Q, Shi D, Wan R, Tu P, Xin D, Guo S. Proteomic and Phenotypic Studies of Mycoplasma pneumoniae Revealed Macrolide-Resistant Mutation (A2063G) Associated Changes in Protein Composition and Pathogenicity of Type I Strains. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0461322. [PMID: 37378520 PMCID: PMC10434051 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04613-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) is an important respiratory pathogen, the prevalence of macrolide-resistant MP (mainly containing A2063G mutation in 23S rRNA) increased in recent years. Epidemiological studies suggest a higher prevalence of type I resistant (IR) strains than corresponding sensitive (IS/IIS) strains, but not type II resistant (IIR) strains. Here, we aimed to analyze the factors underlying the altered prevalence of IR strains. First, proteomic analyses exhibit the protein compositions were type specific, while more differential proteins were detected between IS and IR (227) than IIS and IIR strains (81). mRNA level detection suggested posttranscriptional regulation of these differential proteins. Differential protein-related phenotypic changes were also detected: (i) P1 abundance was different between genotypes (I < II, IR < IS), the adhesion of MPs showed accordance to P1 abundance within IS and IIS strains; (ii) type I, especially IR, strains had a higher proliferation rate, which is potentially associated with differential proteins participating in glycolysis and one carbon pool metabolisms; (iii) A549 cells infected with IR strains had lower activity of caspase-3 and higher levels IL-8, but the differences were not significant between groups (P > 0.05). Correlations of P1 abundance to caspase-3 activity and proliferation rate to the level of IL-8 were obtained. These results suggest changes in protein composition influenced the pathogenicity of MP, especially in IR strains, which may impact the prevalence of MP strains of different genotypes. IMPORTANCE The prevalence of macrolide-resistant MPs increased the difficulty in treatment of MP infections and posed potential threats to children's health. Epidemiological studies showed a high prevalence of IR-resistant strains (mainly A2063G in 23S rRNA) in these years. However, the trigger mechanisms for this phenomenon are not clear. In this paper, proteomic and phenotypic studies suggest that IR strains have reduced levels of multiple adhesion proteins and increased proliferation rate, which may lead to higher transmission rate of IR strains in the population. This suggests that we should pay attention to the prevalence of IR strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhikun Zhang
- Beijing Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Haiwei Dou
- Beijing Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Yuan
- Beijing Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dawei Shi
- Beijing Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruijie Wan
- Beijing Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Tu
- Beijing Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Deli Xin
- Beijing Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuilong Guo
- Department of Science and Technology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Boyanton BL, Frenner RA, Ingold A, Ambroggio L, Kennedy JL. SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic Non-Pharmacologic Interventions Temporally Associated with Reduced Pediatric Infections Due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Co-Infecting Respiratory Viruses in Arkansas. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.08.05.23293566. [PMID: 37609274 PMCID: PMC10441508 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.05.23293566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Non-pharmacologic interventions (NPIs), such as universal masking, implemented during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic have reduced respiratory infections among children. This study focuses on evaluating the impact of NPIs on Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections in children, analyzing data from two hospitals in Arkansas, and examining age-related differences and coinfections with other viruses. Methods The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board and included patients aged ≤18 years with upper respiratory tract symptoms. Data from the FilmArray® Respiratory Panel (FARP) were collected and divided into pre-NPI and NPI periods for analysis. Total test positivity rate and interval change in the positivity rate were evaluated. Statistical differences were determined by Chi-square (χ2-independence) analysis. Results A total of 68,949 tests were performed with a statistical increase in testing during the NPI period. The overall test positivity rate for M. pneumoniae decreased by 74% (0.86% to 0.03%) during the NPI period, and the preschool age group had the highest number of positive tests in the pre- and NPI periods (Pre-NPI: n=40, NPI: n=12 positive tests, p=<0.001). The reduction in M. pneumoniae infections was consistent across age groups. Coinfections with other respiratory viruses, particularly human rhinovirus/enterovirus, were observed at much lower levels. Conclusions NPIs effectively reduced M. pneumoniae in pediatric patients in Arkansas, and coinfections with specific viruses still occurred, albeit at lower levels during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. As NPIs are relaxed and the pandemic ends, we expect M. pneumoniae infections to return to pre-pandemic levels within the next 1-2 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bobby L. Boyanton
- Departments of Pathology, Arkansas Children’s Hospital, Little Rock, AR 72202, and University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205
| | - Rachel A. Frenner
- Department of Pathology, Arkansas Children’s Hospital, Little Rock, AR 72202
| | - Ashton Ingold
- Arkansas Children’s Research Institute, Little Rock, AR 72202
| | - Lilliam Ambroggio
- Sections of Emergency Medicine and Hospital Medicine, Children’s Hospital Colorado and Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Joshua L. Kennedy
- Arkansas Children’s Research Institute, Little Rock, AR 72202
- Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock, AR, 72205
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Iannuzo N, Dy ABC, Guerra S, Langlais PR, Ledford JG. The Impact of CC16 on Pulmonary Epithelial-Driven Host Responses during Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infection in Mouse Tracheal Epithelial Cells. Cells 2023; 12:1984. [PMID: 37566063 PMCID: PMC10416898 DOI: 10.3390/cells12151984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Club Cell Secretory Protein (CC16) plays many protective roles within the lung; however, the complete biological functions, especially regarding the pulmonary epithelium during infection, remain undefined. We have previously shown that CC16-deficient (CC16-/-) mouse tracheal epithelial cells (MTECs) have enhanced Mp burden compared to CC16-sufficient (WT) MTECs; therefore, in this study, we wanted to further define how the pulmonary epithelium responds to infection in the context of CC16 deficiency. Using mass spectrometry and quantitative proteomics to analyze proteins secreted apically from MTECs grown at an air-liquid interface, we investigated the protective effects that CC16 elicits within the pulmonary epithelium during Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mp) infection. When challenged with Mp, WT MTECs have an overall reduction in apical protein secretion, whereas CC16-/- MTECs have increased apical protein secretion compared to their unchallenged controls. Following Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) assessment, many of the proteins upregulated from CC16-/- MTECS (unchallenged and during Mp infection) were related to airway remodeling, which were not observed by WT MTECs. These findings suggest that CC16 may be important in providing protection within the pulmonary epithelium during respiratory infection with Mp, which is the major causative agent of community-acquired pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Iannuzo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA;
| | | | - Stefano Guerra
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Paul R. Langlais
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Julie G. Ledford
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA;
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
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Zhang M, Gao M, Liu Y, Wang K, Zhou S, Jing H, Yin G, Meng F. Two novel gene mutations identified in a child with pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis complicated with bronchitis obliterans: A case report and literature review. Clin Case Rep 2023; 11:e7726. [PMID: 37575464 PMCID: PMC10415588 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.7726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We reported a case of a 7-year-old boy with pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis (PAM) and detected two novel compound heterozygous mutations of solute carrier family 34 member 2 (SLC34A2), EXON:2-6 duplication and c.1218 (EXON:11) C > A (p. Phe406Leu). His symptoms were nonspecific. Chest computed tomography (CCT) showed bronchiectasis, a mosaic feature, and extensive calcifications in both lungs. In addition, bronchoscopy showed bronchitis obliterans which has rarely been reported as a complication in the literature. This case aimed to explore the mechanism of PAM and emphasize the role of gene analysis in diagnosing rare pediatric diseases. Finally, we undertook a review of the current literature containing SLC34A2 gene mutations to update the gene mutation spectrum of PAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyu Zhang
- Pediatric Department of RespirationThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun CityChina
| | - Man Gao
- Pediatric Department of RespirationThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun CityChina
- Center for Pathogen Biology and Infectious DiseasesThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun CityChina
| | - Yuhuan Liu
- Pediatric Department of RespirationThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun CityChina
| | - Kun Wang
- Pediatric Department of RespirationThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun CityChina
| | - Siyan Zhou
- Pediatric Department of RespirationThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun CityChina
| | - Haoran Jing
- Clinical Medical College of Jilin UniversityChangchun CityChina
| | - Guo Yin
- Medical Insurance OfficeThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun CityChina
| | - Fanzheng Meng
- Pediatric Department of RespirationThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun CityChina
- Center for Pathogen Biology and Infectious DiseasesThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun CityChina
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Chen D, Cao L, Li W. Etiological and clinical characteristics of severe pneumonia in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). BMC Pediatr 2023; 23:362. [PMID: 37454044 PMCID: PMC10349420 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-04175-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the etiological distribution characteristics of pediatric patients with severe pneumonia admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU), in order to provide a reference for the rational use of clinical antimicrobial drugs. METHODS A retrospective analysis of pediatric patients admitted to PICU with a diagnosis of severe pneumonia from January 2018 to December 2021 was performed and statistical analysis of pathogenic characteristics was performed. RESULTS A total of 649 pathogens were detected in 515 children, with a positive detection rate of 77.48%. Bacteria were detected at the highest rate (40.52%), followed by viruses (34.35%), atypical pathogens (19.72%) and fungal (4.31%). Gram-positive infections were dominated by Staphylococcus aureus (39.56%) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (32.97%), and Gram-negative infections were dominated by Acinetobacter Bahmani (16.28%) and Haemophilus influenzae (15.12%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (13.95%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12.21%). Viral infections were dominated by respiratory syncytial virus (25.65%) and EB virus (20.43%), fungal infections were dominated by Candida albicans (50.0%). The proportion of children infected with single pathogen (49.62%) was comparable to that of those with mixed infections (50.38%). There were statistically significant differences in the distribution of children with single pathogen infection by gender (P < 0.05). The age distribution of children with single bacterial, single viral and single fungal infections was statistically different (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the distribution of onset season in children with single pathogen infections (P > 0.05), but the number of children with single viral infections was significantly higher in winter and spring than that in summer and autumn, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). A mixture of 2 pathogens (77.61%) accounted for the majority of mixed infections, there were statistical differences in the distribution of bacterial + viral infection in terms of gender, age, and onset season (P < 0.05), children with viral + mycoplasma infection in terms of gender and age (P < 0.05), and children with viral + fungal infection in terms of gender (P < 0.05), and children with bacterial + mycoplasma infection in terms of age and onset season (P < 0.05). Among the children infected with 3 pathogens, there were statistically significant differences in the distribution of bacterial + viral + fungal and viral + mycoplasma + fungal infections in terms of gender (P < 0.05), and children with bacterial + viral + mycoplasma infection in terms of age (P < 0.05), while there was no significant difference in the distribution of onset season (P > 0.05). There were no significant differences in the distribution of children infected with 4 pathogens in terms of gender, age and onset season (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION The pathogens of pediatric patients with severe pneumonia in PICU commonly involves bacteria and viruses. As the age of children grows, the detection rate of bacteria shows a decreasing trend, and the pathogenic spectrum gradually changes from bacteria to mycoplasma and viruses, and the number of mixed infections gradually increase. Rational selection of antimicrobial drugs needs to consider pathogenic characteristics of different age, gender, and onset season in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Chen
- Department of Emergency, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lu Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenjing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Wang N, Xu X, Xiao L, Liu Y. Novel mechanisms of macrolide resistance revealed by in vitro selection and genome analysis in Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1186017. [PMID: 37284499 PMCID: PMC10240068 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1186017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma pneumoniae is an important pathogen causing upper and lower respiratory tract infections in children and other age groups. Macrolides are the recommended treatments of choice for M. pneumoniae infections. However, macrolide resistance in M. pneumoniae is increasing worldwide, which complicates the treatment strategies. The mechanisms of macrolide resistance have been extensively studied focusing on the mutations in 23S rRNA and ribosomal proteins. Since the secondary treatment choice for pediatric patients is very limited, we decided to look for potential new treatment strategies in macrolide drugs and investigate possible new mechanisms of resistance. We performed an in vitro selection of mutants resistant to five macrolides (erythromycin, roxithromycin, azithromycin, josamycin, and midecamycin) by inducing the parent M. pneumoniae strain M129 with increasing concentrations of the drugs. The evolving cultures in every passage were tested for their antimicrobial susceptibilities to eight drugs and mutations known to be associated with macrolide resistance by PCR and sequencing. The final selected mutants were also analyzed by whole-genome sequencing. Results showed that roxithromycin is the drug that most easily induces resistance (at 0.25 mg/L, with two passages, 23 days), while with midecamycin it is most difficult (at 5.12 mg/L, with seven passages, 87 days). Point mutations C2617A/T, A2063G, or A2064C in domain V of 23S rRNA were detected in mutants resistant to the 14- and 15-membered macrolides, while A2067G/C was selected for the 16-membered macrolides. Single amino acid changes (G72R, G72V) in ribosomal protein L4 emerged during the induction by midecamycin. Genome sequencing identified sequence variations in dnaK, rpoC, glpK, MPN449, and in one of the hsdS (MPN365) genes in the mutants. Mutants induced by the 14- or 15-membered macrolides were resistant to all macrolides, while those induced by the 16-membered macrolides (midecamycin and josamycin) remained susceptible to the 14- and 15-membered macrolides. In summary, these data demonstrated that midecamycin is less potent in inducing resistance than other macrolides, and the induced resistance is restrained to the 16-membered macrolides, suggesting a potential benefit of using midecamycin as a first treatment choice if the strain is susceptible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wang
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaogang Xu
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Xiao
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
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49
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Deng F, Cao H, Liang X, Li Q, Yang Y, Zhao Z, Tan J, Fu G, Shu C. Analysis of cytokine levels, cytological findings, and MP-DNA level in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e849. [PMID: 37249293 PMCID: PMC10165957 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study was conducted to determine the inflammatory response in the lungs of children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP). METHODS This study retrospectively analyzed cytokine levels, cytological findings, and M. pneumoniae (MP)-DNA level in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of 96 children with MPP. The study utilized Spearman's correlation method to evaluate the contribution of BALF and blood parameters in MPP children. RESULTS (1) A total of 96 MPP children were classified into the Low MP-DNA MPP group (BALF MP-DNA ≤ 105 copies/mL) and the High MP-DNA MPP group (BALF MP-DNA > 105 copies/mL); the Non-fever MPP group (no fever during the entire course of pneumonia) and the Fever MPP group; the Defervescence MPP group (fever had subsided at the time of bronchoscopy) and the Fervescence MPP group; and the Mild MPP group and the Severe MPP group. (2) The High MP-DNA MPP, Fever MPP, Fervescence MPP, and Severe MPP groups had higher levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in their BALF (all p < .05). (3) The proportions of neutrophils and macrophages in the BALF of the High MP-DNA MPP and Fever MPP groups increased and decreased, respectively (all p < .05). (4) In the BALF of MPP children, MP-DNA, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) levels positively correlated with neutrophil proportion while negatively correlated with macrophage proportion (all p < .05). (5) The MP-DNA, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, and IFN-γ levels in the BALF of MPP children were positively correlated with the levels of C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, lactic dehydrogenase, fibrinogen, and d-dimer, while they were negatively correlated with the albumin level (all p < .05). CONCLUSIONS In children with MPP, the pulmonary inflammatory immune response was stronger in the High MP-DNA MPP, Fever MPP, Fervescence MPP, and Severe MPP groups. The relationship between pulmonary cytokine levels, MP-DNA load, and serum inflammatory parameters were found to be weak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Deng
- Department of Respiratory, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical DisordersChongqing Key Laboratory of PediatricsChongqingChina
- Department of PediatricsAffiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical CollegeNanchongChina
| | - Huiling Cao
- Department of NeonatologyChildren's Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Xiaohua Liang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and BiostatisticsChildren's Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Qubei Li
- Department of Respiratory, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical DisordersChongqing Key Laboratory of PediatricsChongqingChina
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Respiratory, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical DisordersChongqing Key Laboratory of PediatricsChongqingChina
| | - Zhihua Zhao
- Department of Respiratory, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical DisordersChongqing Key Laboratory of PediatricsChongqingChina
| | - Junjie Tan
- Clinical Molecular Medical CenterChildren's Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Guo Fu
- Clinical Molecular Medical CenterChildren's Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Chang Shu
- Department of Respiratory, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical DisordersChongqing Key Laboratory of PediatricsChongqingChina
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Zhu H, Cai Y, Slimmen LJM, de Bruijn ACJM, van Rossum AMC, Folkerts G, Braber S, Unger WWJ. Galacto-Oligosaccharides as an Anti-Infective and Anti-Microbial Agent for Macrolide-Resistant and -Sensitive Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12050659. [PMID: 37242328 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12050659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The worldwide increase in the incidence of antibiotic resistance of the atypical bacterium Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) challenges the treatment of MP infections, especially in children. Therefore, alternative strategies for the treatment of MP infections are warranted. Galacto- and fructo-oligosaccharides (GOS and FOS) are a specific group of complex carbohydrates that were recently shown to possess direct anti-pathogenic properties. In this study, we assessed whether GOS and FOS exert anti-microbial and anti-infective effects against MP and, especially, macrolide-resistant MP (MRMP) in vitro. The MIC values of GOS for MP and MRMP were 4%. In contrast, the MIC values of FOS for both MP and MRMP were 16%. A time-kill kinetic assay showed that FOS possess bacteriostatic properties, while for GOS, a bactericidal effect against MP and MRMP was observed after 24 h at a concentration of 4x MIC. In co-cultures with human alveolar A549 epithelial cells, GOS killed adherent MP and MRMP and also concentration-dependently inhibited their adherence to A549 cells. Further, GOS suppressed (MR)MP-induced IL-6 and IL-8 in A549 cells. None of the aforementioned parameters were affected when FOS were added to these co-cultures. In conclusion, the anti-infective and anti-microbial properties of GOS could provide an alternative treatment against MRMP and MP infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhen Zhu
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Sophia Children's Hospital, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yang Cai
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lisa J M Slimmen
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Sophia Children's Hospital, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adrianus C J M de Bruijn
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Sophia Children's Hospital, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annemarie M C van Rossum
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Sophia Children's Hospital, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gert Folkerts
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia Braber
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wendy W J Unger
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Sophia Children's Hospital, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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