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Katzelnick L, Odio C, Daag J, Crisostomo MV, Voirin C, Escoto AC, Adams C, Hein LD, Aogo R, Mpingabo P, Rodriguez GR, Firdous S, Fernandez MA, White L, Agrupis KA, Deen J, de Silva A, Ylade M. Dengue virus IgG and serotype-specific neutralizing antibody titers measured with standard and mature viruses are associated with protection. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4145863. [PMID: 38659845 PMCID: PMC11042401 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4145863/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Recent work demonstrates the limitations of the standard dengue virus (DENV) neutralization assay to predict protection against dengue. We perform studies to compare how a commercial IgG ELISA, envelope domain III (EDIII) or non-structural protein 1 (NS1) binding antibodies, and titers from plaque reduction neutralization tests (PRNTs) using reference standard and clinical mature viruses are associated with dengue disease. Healthy children (n = 1,206) in Cebu, Philippines were followed for 5 years. High ELISA values (≥3) were associated with reduced dengue probability relative to naïve children (3% vs. 10%, p = 0.008), but antibody binding EDIII or NS1 from each serotype had no association. High standard and mature geometric mean PRNT titers were associated with reduced dengue disease overall (p < 0.01), and high DENV2 and DENV3 titers in both assays provided protection against the matched serotype (p < 0.02). However, while 52% of dengue cases had standard virus PRNT titers > 100, only 2% of cases had mature virus PRNT titers > 100 (p < 0.001), indicating a lower, more consistent threshold for protection. Each assay may be useful for different purposes as correlates of protection in population and vaccine trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Katzelnick
- Viral Epidemiology and Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health
| | - Camila Odio
- Viral Epidemiology and Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health
| | - Jedas Daag
- Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Maria Vinna Crisostomo
- Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Charlie Voirin
- Viral Epidemiology and Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health
| | - Ana Coello Escoto
- Viral Epidemiology and Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health
| | | | - Lindsay Dahora Hein
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill
| | - Rosemary Aogo
- Viral Epidemiology and Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health
| | - Patrick Mpingabo
- Viral Epidemiology and Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health
| | - Guillermo Raimundi Rodriguez
- Viral Epidemiology and Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health
| | - Saba Firdous
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
| | - Maria Abad Fernandez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill
| | - Laura White
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill
| | - Kristal-An Agrupis
- Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines Manila
| | - Jacqueline Deen
- Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines Manila
| | | | - Michelle Ylade
- Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines Manila
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2
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Pomés A, Smith SA, Chruszcz M, Mueller GA, Brackett NF, Chapman MD. Precision engineering for localization, validation, and modification of allergenic epitopes. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2024; 153:560-571. [PMID: 38181840 PMCID: PMC10939758 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
The allergen-IgE interaction is essential for the genesis of allergic responses, yet investigation of the molecular basis of these interactions is in its infancy. Precision engineering has unveiled the molecular features of allergen-antibody interactions at the atomic level. High-resolution technologies, including x-ray crystallography, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and cryo-electron microscopy, determine allergen-antibody structures. X-ray crystallography of an allergen-antibody complex localizes in detail amino acid residues and interactions that define the epitope-paratope interface. Multiple structures involving murine IgG mAbs have recently been resolved. The number of amino acids forming the epitope broadly correlates with the epitope area. The production of human IgE mAbs from B cells of allergic subjects is an exciting recent development that has for the first time enabled an actual IgE epitope to be defined. The biologic activity of defined IgE epitopes can be validated in vivo in animal models or by measuring mediator release from engineered basophilic cell lines. Finally, gene-editing approaches using the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats technology to either remove allergen genes or make targeted epitope engineering at the source are on the horizon. This review presents an overview of the identification and validation of allergenic epitopes by precision engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Scott A Smith
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn
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3
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Salem GM, Galula JU, Wu SR, Liu JH, Chen YH, Wang WH, Wang SF, Song CS, Chen FC, Abarientos AB, Chen GW, Wang CI, Chao DY. Antibodies from dengue patients with prior exposure to Japanese encephalitis virus are broadly neutralizing against Zika virus. Commun Biol 2024; 7:15. [PMID: 38267569 PMCID: PMC10808242 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05661-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Exposure to multiple mosquito-borne flaviviruses within a lifetime is not uncommon; however, how sequential exposures to different flaviviruses shape the cross-reactive humoral response against an antigen from a different serocomplex has yet to be explored. Here, we report that dengue-infected individuals initially primed with the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) showed broad, highly neutralizing potencies against Zika virus (ZIKV). We also identified a rare class of ZIKV-cross-reactive human monoclonal antibodies with increased somatic hypermutation and broad neutralization against multiple flaviviruses. One huMAb, K8b, binds quaternary epitopes with heavy and light chains separately interacting with overlapping envelope protein dimer units spanning domains I, II, and III through cryo-electron microscopy and structure-based mutagenesis. JEV virus-like particle immunization in mice further confirmed that such cross-reactive antibodies, mainly IgG3 isotype, can be induced and proliferate through heterologous dengue virus (DENV) serotype 2 virus-like particle stimulation. Our findings highlight the role of prior immunity in JEV and DENV in shaping the breadth of humoral response and provide insights for future vaccination strategies in flavivirus-endemic countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gielenny M Salem
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, 402, Taiwan
| | - Jedhan Ucat Galula
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, 402, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Rung Wu
- Institute of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, 701, Taiwan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, 701, Taiwan
| | - Jyung-Hurng Liu
- Graduate Institute of Genomics and Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hsu Chen
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung City, 80424, Taiwan
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, 80708, Taiwan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hung Wang
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung City, 80424, Taiwan
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, 80708, Taiwan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Fan Wang
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Sheng Song
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, 402, Taiwan
| | - Fan-Chi Chen
- Doctoral Program in Microbial Genomics, National Chung Hsing University and Academia Sinica, Taichung City, 402, Taiwan
| | - Adrian B Abarientos
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, 402, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Wen Chen
- Institute of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, 701, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-I Wang
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Day-Yu Chao
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, 402, Taiwan.
- Doctoral Program in Microbial Genomics, National Chung Hsing University and Academia Sinica, Taichung City, 402, Taiwan.
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, 402, Taiwan.
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4
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Principi N, Esposito S. Development of Vaccines against Emerging Mosquito-Vectored Arbovirus Infections. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:87. [PMID: 38250900 PMCID: PMC10818606 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12010087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Among emergent climate-sensitive infectious diseases, some mosquito-vectored arbovirus infections have epidemiological, social, and economic effects. Dengue virus (DENV), West Nile virus (WNV), and Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) disease, previously common only in the tropics, currently pose a major risk to global health and are expected to expand dramatically in the near future if adequate containment measures are not implemented. The lack of safe and effective vaccines is critical as it seems likely that emerging mosquito-vectored arbovirus infections will be con-trolled only when effective and safe vaccines against each of these infections become available. This paper discusses the clinical characteristics of DENV, WNV, and CHIKV infections and the state of development of vaccines against these viruses. An ideal vaccine should be able to evoke with a single administration a prompt activation of B and T cells, adequate concentrations of protecting/neutralizing antibodies, and the creation of a strong immune memory capable of triggering an effective secondary antibody response after new infection with a wild-type and/or mutated infectious agent. Moreover, the vaccine should be well tolerated, safe, easily administrated, cost-effective, and widely available throughout the world. However, the development of vaccines against emerging mosquito-vectored arbovirus diseases is far from being satisfactory, and it seems likely that it will take many years before effective and safe vaccines for all these infections are made available worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susanna Esposito
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
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5
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Basheer A, Jamal SB, Alzahrani B, Faheem M. Development of a tetravalent subunit vaccine against dengue virus through a vaccinomics approach. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1273838. [PMID: 38045699 PMCID: PMC10690774 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1273838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus infection (DVI) is a mosquito-borne disease that can lead to serious morbidity and mortality. Dengue fever (DF) is a major public health concern that affects approximately 3.9 billion people each year globally. However, there is no vaccine or drug available to deal with DVI. Dengue virus consists of four distinct serotypes (DENV1-4), each raising a different immunological response. In the present study, we designed a tetravalent subunit multi-epitope vaccine, targeting proteins including the structural protein envelope domain III (EDIII), precursor membrane proteins (prM), and a non-structural protein (NS1) from each serotype by employing an immunoinformatic approach. Only conserved sequences obtained through a multiple sequence alignment were used for epitope mapping to ensure efficacy against all serotypes. The epitopes were shortlisted based on an IC50 value <50, antigenicity, allergenicity, and a toxicity analysis. In the final vaccine construct, overall, 11 B-cell epitopes, 10 HTL epitopes, and 10 CTL epitopes from EDIII, prM, and NS1 proteins targeting all serotypes were selected and joined via KK, AAY, and GGGS linkers, respectively. We incorporated a 45-amino-acid-long B-defensins adjuvant in the final vaccine construct for a better immunogenic response. The vaccine construct has an antigenic score of 0.79 via VaxiJen and is non-toxic and non-allergenic. Our refined vaccine structure has a Ramachandran score of 96.4%. The vaccine has shown stable interaction with TLR3, which has been validated by 50 ns of molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Our findings propose that a designed multi-epitope vaccine has substantial potential to elicit a strong immune response against all dengue serotypes without causing any adverse effects. Furthermore, the proposed vaccine can be experimentally validated as a probable vaccine, suggesting it may serve as an effective preventative measure against dengue virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Basheer
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Syed Babar Jamal
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Badr Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakakah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Faheem
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, United States
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6
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Zhu DR, Rajesh AJ, Meganck RM, Young EF, Munt JE, Tse VL, Yount B, Conrad H, White L, Henein S, DeSilva AM, Baric RS. Dengue virus 4/2 envelope domain chimeric virus panel maps type-specific responses against dengue serotype 2. mBio 2023; 14:e0081823. [PMID: 37800919 PMCID: PMC10653845 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00818-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The four dengue virus (DENV) serotypes infect several hundred million people each year. Although primary infection is generally mild, subsequent infection by differing serotypes increases the risk for symptomatic disease ranging from fever to life-threatening shock. Despite the availability of licensed vaccines, a comprehensive understanding of antibodies that target the viral envelope protein and protect from infection remains incomplete. In this manuscript, we develop a panel of recombinant viruses that graft each envelope domain of DENV2 onto the DENV4 envelope glycoprotein, revealing protein interactions important for virus viability. Furthermore, we map neutralizing antibody responses after primary DENV2 natural infection and a human challenge model to distinct domains on the viral envelope protein. The panel of recombinant viruses provides a new tool for dissecting the E domain-specific targeting of protective antibody responses, informing future DENV vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanna R. Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alecia J. Rajesh
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rita M. Meganck
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Ellen F. Young
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jennifer E. Munt
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Victor L. Tse
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Boyd Yount
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Helen Conrad
- College of Science, Engineering and Food Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Laura White
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sandra Henein
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Aravinda M. DeSilva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ralph S. Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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7
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Ormundo LF, Barreto CT, Tsuruta LR. Development of Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies for Emerging Arbovirus Infections. Viruses 2023; 15:2177. [PMID: 38005854 PMCID: PMC10675117 DOI: 10.3390/v15112177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody-based passive immunotherapy has been used effectively in the treatment and prophylaxis of infectious diseases. Outbreaks of emerging viral infections from arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) represent a global public health problem due to their rapid spread, urging measures and the treatment of infected individuals to combat them. Preparedness in advances in developing antivirals and relevant epidemiological studies protect us from damage and losses. Immunotherapy based on monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has been shown to be very specific in combating infectious diseases and various other illnesses. Recent advances in mAb discovery techniques have allowed the development and approval of a wide number of therapeutic mAbs. This review focuses on the technological approaches available to select neutralizing mAbs for emerging arbovirus infections and the next-generation strategies to obtain highly effective and potent mAbs. The characteristics of mAbs developed as prophylactic and therapeutic antiviral agents for dengue, Zika, chikungunya, West Nile and tick-borne encephalitis virus are presented, as well as the protective effect demonstrated in animal model studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo F. Ormundo
- Biopharmaceuticals Laboratory, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil; (L.F.O.); (C.T.B.)
- The Interunits Graduate Program in Biotechnology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil
| | - Carolina T. Barreto
- Biopharmaceuticals Laboratory, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil; (L.F.O.); (C.T.B.)
- The Interunits Graduate Program in Biotechnology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil
| | - Lilian R. Tsuruta
- Biopharmaceuticals Laboratory, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil; (L.F.O.); (C.T.B.)
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Meganck RM, Zhu D, Dong S, Snoderly-Foster LJ, Dalben YR, Thiono D, White LJ, DeSilva AM, Baric RS, Tse LV. Evolution of a functionally intact but antigenically distinct DENV fusion loop. eLife 2023; 12:RP87555. [PMID: 37725085 PMCID: PMC10508882 DOI: 10.7554/elife.87555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of dengue virus (DENV) pathogenesis is the potential for antibody-dependent enhancement, which is associated with deadly DENV secondary infection, complicates the identification of correlates of protection, and negatively impacts the safety and efficacy of DENV vaccines. Antibody-dependent enhancement is linked to antibodies targeting the fusion loop (FL) motif of the envelope protein, which is completely conserved in mosquito-borne flaviviruses and required for viral entry and fusion. In the current study, we utilized saturation mutagenesis and directed evolution to engineer a functional variant with a mutated FL (D2-FL), which is not neutralized by FL-targeting monoclonal antibodies. The FL mutations were combined with our previously evolved prM cleavage site to create a mature version of D2-FL (D2-FLM), which evades both prM- and FL-Abs but retains sensitivity to other type-specific and quaternary cross-reactive (CR) Abs. CR serum from heterotypic (DENV4)-infected non-human primates (NHP) showed lower neutralization titers against D2-FL and D2-FLM than isogenic wildtype DENV2 while similar neutralization titers were observed in serum from homotypic (DENV2)-infected NHP. We propose D2-FL and D2-FLM as valuable tools to delineate CR Ab subtypes in serum as well as an exciting platform for safer live-attenuated DENV vaccines suitable for naïve individuals and children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita M Meganck
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis UniversitySaint LouisUnited States
| | - Deanna Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
| | - Stephanie Dong
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
| | - Lisa J Snoderly-Foster
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis UniversitySaint LouisUnited States
| | - Yago R Dalben
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis UniversitySaint LouisUnited States
| | - Devina Thiono
- Department of Microbiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
| | - Laura J White
- Department of Microbiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
| | - Arivianda M DeSilva
- Department of Microbiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
| | - Ralph S Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
| | - Longping V Tse
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis UniversitySaint LouisUnited States
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Wen X, Suryadevara N, Kose N, Liu J, Zhan X, Handal LS, Williamson LE, Trivette A, Carnahan RH, Jardetzky TS, Crowe JE. Potent cross-neutralization of respiratory syncytial virus and human metapneumovirus through a structurally conserved antibody recognition mode. Cell Host Microbe 2023; 31:1288-1300.e6. [PMID: 37516111 PMCID: PMC10527986 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2023.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human metapneumovirus (hMPV) infections pose a significant health burden. Using pre-fusion conformation fusion (F) proteins, we isolated a panel of anti-F antibodies from a human donor. One antibody (RSV-199) potently cross-neutralized 8 RSV and hMPV strains by recognizing antigenic site III, which is partially conserved in RSV and hMPV F. Next, we determined the cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of RSV-199 bound to RSV F trimers, hMPV F monomers, and an unexpected dimeric form of hMPV F. These structures revealed how RSV-199 engages both RSV and hMPV F proteins through conserved interactions of the antibody heavy-chain variable region and how variability within heavy-chain complementarity-determining region 3 (HCDR3) can be accommodated at the F protein interface in site-III-directed antibodies. Furthermore, RSV-199 offered enhanced protection against RSV A and B strains and hMPV in cotton rats. These findings highlight the mechanisms of broad neutralization and therapeutic potential of RSV-199.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Wen
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medical School, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Nurgun Kose
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medical School, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Zhan
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Laura S Handal
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Lauren E Williamson
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Andrew Trivette
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Robert H Carnahan
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Theodore S Jardetzky
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medical School, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - James E Crowe
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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10
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Meganck RM, Zhu D, Dong S, Snoderly-Foster LJ, Dalben YR, Thiono D, White LJ, DeSilva AM, Baric RS, Tse LV. Evolution of a Functionally Intact but Antigenically Distinct DENV Fusion Loop. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.22.533803. [PMID: 37034784 PMCID: PMC10081285 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.22.533803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A hallmark of Dengue virus (DENV) pathogenesis is the potential for antibody-dependent enhancement, which is associated with deadly DENV secondary infection, complicates the identification of correlates of protection, and negatively impacts the safety and efficacy of DENV vaccines. ADE is linked to antibodies targeting the fusion loop (FL) motif of the envelope protein, which is completely conserved in mosquito-borne flaviviruses and required for viral entry and fusion. In the current study, we utilized saturation mutagenesis and directed evolution to engineer a functional variant with a mutated FL (D2-FL) which is not neutralized by FL-targeting monoclonal antibodies. The FL mutations were combined with our previously evolved prM cleavage site to create a mature version of D2-FL (D2-FLM), which evades both prM- and FL-Abs but retains sensitivity to other type-specific and quaternary cross-reactive (CR) Abs. CR serum from heterotypic (DENV4) infected non-human primates (NHP) showed lower neutralization titers against D2-FL and D2-FLM than isogenic wildtype DENV2 while similar neutralization titers were observed in serum from homotypic (DENV2) infected NHP. We propose D2-FL and D2-FLM as valuable tools to delineate CR Ab subtypes in serum as well as an exciting platform for safer live attenuated DENV vaccines suitable for naïve individuals and children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita M. Meganck
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University
| | - Deanna Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Stephanie Dong
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | | | - Yago R. Dalben
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University
| | - Devina Thiono
- Department of Microbiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Laura J. White
- Department of Microbiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | | | - Ralph S. Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Longping V. Tse
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University
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11
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Keelapang P, Supasa P, Sriburi R, Puttikhunt C, Cardosa J, Kasinrerk W, Malasit P, Sittisombut N. A group of infection-enhancing and focus size-reducing monoclonal antibodies recognized an 'a and c' strands epitope in the pr domain of Dengue Virus prM. Virus Res 2023; 323:199015. [PMID: 36455752 PMCID: PMC9742851 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2022.199015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Partial cleavage of a dengue virus envelope protein, prM, by furin results in a mixture of extracellular particles with variable levels of maturation and infectivity. Partially mature particles can infect leukocytes via interaction between the prM-anti-prM antibody complex with Fcγ receptors. Known prM epitopes involved in antibody-mediated infection are localized to the pr domain. In this study, a group of murine anti-prM monoclonal antibodies with strong infection-enhancing activity was found to reduce the focus size of subsets of multiple dengue serotypes that they could enhance. By employing sets of overlapping peptides, four antibodies recognizing 2-mercaptoethanol-insensitive epitopes were mapped to a common tetrapeptide located distantly in the b-c loop and furin binding site. Substitution mutations of each, or both, of the tetrapeptides in virus-like particles, however, failed to reduce binding. Further mapping experiments were performed using immature virus-like particles with abolished furin binding site to minimize the differential influence of various pr substitutions on pr-M cleavage. Reduction of antibody binding was detected when single alanine substitutions were introduced into the 'a' strand and 'c' strand of pr domain. These findings suggest that the pr 'a and c' strands region is the major binding site of these unusual focus size-reducing anti-prM antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonsook Keelapang
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Medical Biotechnology Research Unit. National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Piyada Supasa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Rungtawan Sriburi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Chunya Puttikhunt
- Medical Biotechnology Research Unit. National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Bangkok, Thailand; Molecular Biology of Dengue and Flaviviruses Research Team, Medical Molecular Biotechnology Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani, Thailand; Division of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Research and Siriraj Center of Research Excellence in Dengue and Emerging Pathogens, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jane Cardosa
- Institute of Health and Community Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Watchara Kasinrerk
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Biomedical Technology Research Center, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency at the Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Prida Malasit
- Medical Biotechnology Research Unit. National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Bangkok, Thailand; Division of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Research and Siriraj Center of Research Excellence in Dengue and Emerging Pathogens, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nopporn Sittisombut
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Medical Biotechnology Research Unit. National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Bangkok, Thailand
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12
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Smith SA, Chruszcz M, Chapman MD, Pomés A. Human Monoclonal IgE Antibodies-a Major Milestone in Allergy. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2023; 23:53-65. [PMID: 36459330 PMCID: PMC9831959 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-022-01055-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Bound to its high affinity receptor on mast cells and basophils, the IgE antibody molecule plays an integral role in the allergic reaction. Through interactions with the allergen, it provides the sensitivity and specificity parameters for cell activation and mediator release that produce allergic symptoms. Advancements in human hybridoma technologies allow for the generation and molecular definition of naturally occurring allergen-specific human IgE monoclonal antibodies. RECENT FINDINGS A high-resolution structure of dust mite allergen Der p 2 in complex with Fab of the human IgE mAb 2F10 was recently determined using X-ray crystallography. The structure reveals the fine molecular details of IgE 2F10 binding its 750 Å2 conformational epitope on Der p 2. This review provides an overview of this major milestone in allergy, the first atomic resolution structure of an authentic human IgE epitope. The molecular insights that IgE epitopes provide will allow for structure-based design approaches to the development of novel diagnostics, antibody therapeutics, and immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Smith
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
| | - Maksymilian Chruszcz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
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13
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Kim J, Lim TY, Park J, Jang YS. Recombinant Protein Mimicking the Antigenic Structure of the Viral Surface Envelope Protein Reinforces Induction of an Antigen-Specific and Virus-Neutralizing Immune Response Against Dengue Virus. J Microbiol 2023; 61:131-143. [PMID: 36723792 PMCID: PMC9890423 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-023-00021-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV), belonging to the family Flaviviridae, is the causative agent of dengue and comprises four serotypes. A second heterologous DENV infection is a critical risk factor for severe dengue, and no effective vaccine is available to prevent infection by all four DENV serotypes. Recombinant DENV vaccines are primarily based on the envelope proteins, prM and E. The E protein and its envelope domain III (EDIII) have been investigated as candidate antigens (Ags) for recombinant subunit vaccines. However, most EDIII-based Ags are monomers that do not display the cognate antigenic structure of E protein, which is essential for induction of virus-neutralizing immunity. Here, we developed recombinant DENV-2 envelope domain (r2ED) protein as an Ag that mimics the quaternary structure of E protein on the DENV surface. We confirmed that r2ED retained the conformational epitope displayed at the E-dimer interface, which reportedly exhibits broad virus-neutralizing capacity, without displaying the fusion loop epitope that causes antibody (Ab)-dependent enhancement. Furthermore, compared with EDIII alone, r2ED elicited stronger Ag-specific and cross-reactive neutralizing Ab and T cell-mediated immune responses in mice. This Ag-specific immunity was maintained at an elevated level 6 months after the last immunization, suggesting sustained Ag-specific immune memory. Taken together, these observations suggest that r2ED could be used to develop an improved subunit vaccine capable of inducing a broadly cross-reactive and long-lasting immune response against DENV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology and the Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896 Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Young Lim
- Innovative Research and Education Center for Integrated Bioactive Materials and the Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896 Republic of Korea ,Present Address: Genexine Inc, Seoul, 07789 Republic of Korea
| | - Jisang Park
- Department of Molecular Biology and the Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896 Republic of Korea ,Innovative Research and Education Center for Integrated Bioactive Materials and the Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896 Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Suk Jang
- Department of Molecular Biology and the Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea. .,Innovative Research and Education Center for Integrated Bioactive Materials and the Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Hadadianpour A, Daniel J, Zhang J, Spiller BW, Makaraviciute A, DeWitt ÅM, Walden HS, Hamilton RG, Peebles RS, Nutman TB, Smith SA. Human IgE mAbs identify major antigens of parasitic worm infection. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 150:1525-1533. [PMID: 35760390 PMCID: PMC9742163 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Much of our understanding of the targets of IgE comes from studies of allergy, though little is known about the natural immunogenic targets seen after parasitic worm infections. OBJECTIVE We used human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for an unbiased and comprehensive characterization of the immunodominant antigens targeted by IgE in conditions like allergy or helminth infection that are associated with elevated levels of IgE. METHODS Using human hybridoma technology to immortalize IgE encoding B-cells from peripheral blood of subjects with filarial infections and elevated IgE, we generated naturally occurring human IgE mAbs. B-cell cultures were screened in an unbiased manner for IgE production without regard to specificity. Isolated IgE mAbs were then tested for binding to Brugia malayi somatic extracts using ImmunoCAP, immunoblot, and ELISA. Immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry proteomics was used to identify helminth antigens that were then expressed in Escherichia coli for IgE binding characterization. RESULTS We isolated 56 discrete IgE mAbs from 7 individuals with filarial infections. From these mAbs, we were able to definitively identify 19 filarial antigens. All IgE mAbs targeted filarial excreted/secretory proteins, including a family of previously uncharacterized proteins. Interestingly, the transthyretin-related antigens acted as the dominant inducer of the filaria-specific IgE antibody response. These filaria-specific IgE mAbs were potent inducers of anaphylaxis when passively administered to human FcεRI-expressing mice. CONCLUSIONS We generated human hybridomas secreting naturally occurring helminth-specific IgE mAbs from filarial-infected subjects. This work provides much-needed insight into the ontogeny of helminth-induced immune response and IgE antibody response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Hadadianpour
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Nashville, Tenn; departments of Medicine Microbiology and Immunology, Nashville, Tenn
| | - Jacob Daniel
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Nashville, Tenn; departments of Medicine Microbiology and Immunology, Nashville, Tenn
| | - Jian Zhang
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Nashville, Tenn; departments of Medicine Microbiology and Immunology, Nashville, Tenn
| | - Benjamin W Spiller
- departments of Medicine Microbiology and Immunology, Nashville, Tenn; Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tenn
| | | | - Åsa M DeWitt
- Special Allergen Service, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Heather S Walden
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Fla
| | - Robert G Hamilton
- Dermatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - R Stokes Peebles
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Nashville, Tenn; departments of Medicine Microbiology and Immunology, Nashville, Tenn
| | - Thomas B Nutman
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Scott A Smith
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Nashville, Tenn; departments of Medicine Microbiology and Immunology, Nashville, Tenn.
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15
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Lu J, Chen L, Du P, Guo J, Wang X, Jiang Y, Yu Y, Wang R, Yang Z. A human monoclonal antibody to neutralize all four serotypes of dengue virus derived from patients at the convalescent phase of infection. Virology 2022; 576:74-82. [PMID: 36183498 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2022.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is a prevalent mosquito-transmitted human pathogen, causing about 100 million cases of acute dengue fever and 21,000 deaths annually worldwide. Therapeutic neutralizing antibodies against dengue virus might be effective to treat severe dengue fever. Here, we showed that human monoclonal antibody (HMAb) 9C7 bound to all four intact serotypes of DENV but not to the recombinant envelope protein, suggesting HMAb 9C7 recognized a conformational epitope of the envelope protein. Taken together our results suggested that HMAb 9C7 neutralized all four serotypes of DENV in vitro and, for DENV-1, indicated activity at the pre- and post-attachment steps in the viral life cycle. HMAb 9C7 potently protected suckling mice from lethal challenge with all four serotypes of DENV. FcγRII-mediated uptake of immune complexes and antibody-dependent enhancement at low doses of the antibody were abolished by two Leu-to-Ala (9C7-LALA) mutations or deletion of nine amino acids (9C7-9del) in HMAb 9C7 Fc. Therefore, HMAb 9C7 represented a promising prophylactic and therapeutic agent against all four serotypes of DENV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiansheng Lu
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Du
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Jiazheng Guo
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Yujia Jiang
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Yunzhou Yu
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China.
| | - Rong Wang
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhixin Yang
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China.
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16
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Yong YK, Wong WF, Vignesh R, Chattopadhyay I, Velu V, Tan HY, Zhang Y, Larsson M, Shankar EM. Dengue Infection - Recent Advances in Disease Pathogenesis in the Era of COVID-19. Front Immunol 2022; 13:889196. [PMID: 35874775 PMCID: PMC9299105 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.889196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamics of host-virus interactions, and impairment of the host’s immune surveillance by dengue virus (DENV) serotypes largely remain ambiguous. Several experimental and preclinical studies have demonstrated how the virus brings about severe disease by activating immune cells and other key elements of the inflammatory cascade. Plasmablasts are activated during primary and secondary infections, and play a determinative role in severe dengue. The cross-reactivity of DENV immune responses with other flaviviruses can have implications both for cross-protection and severity of disease. The consequences of a cross-reactivity between DENV and anti-SARS-CoV-2 responses are highly relevant in endemic areas. Here, we review the latest progress in the understanding of dengue immunopathogenesis and provide suggestions to the development of target strategies against dengue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yean Kong Yong
- Laboratory Centre, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, Malaysia
- *Correspondence: Esaki M. Shankar, ; Yean Kong Yong,
| | - Won Fen Wong
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ramachandran Vignesh
- Preclinical Department, Royal College of Medicine Perak (UniKL RCMP), Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Ipoh, Malaysia
| | - Indranil Chattopadhyay
- Cancer and Microbiome Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, India
| | - Vijayakumar Velu
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta GA, United States
| | - Hong Yien Tan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, Malaysia
| | - Ying Zhang
- Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, Malaysia
| | - Marie Larsson
- Molecular Medicine and Virology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Esaki M. Shankar
- Infection Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, India
- *Correspondence: Esaki M. Shankar, ; Yean Kong Yong,
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17
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Suryadevara N, Gilchuk P, Zost SJ, Mittal N, Zhao LL, Crowe JE, Carnahan RH. Real-time cell analysis: A high-throughput approach for testing SARS-CoV-2 antibody neutralization and escape. STAR Protoc 2022; 3:101387. [PMID: 35578733 PMCID: PMC9023333 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Real-time cell analysis (RTCA) enables high-throughput, quantitative kinetic measurements of cytopathic effect (CPE) in virus-infected cells. Here, we detail a RTCA approach for assessing antibody neutralization. We describe how to evaluate the neutralizing potency of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and identify viral escape mutants to antibody neutralization for severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Zost et al. (2020) and Suryadevara et al. (2021).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pavlo Gilchuk
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Seth J. Zost
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Nikhil Mittal
- Agilent Technology, Inc., 6779 Mesa Ridge Road, Suite 100, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Li Leyna Zhao
- Agilent Technology, Inc., 6779 Mesa Ridge Road, Suite 100, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - James E. Crowe
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Robert H. Carnahan
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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18
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Chen EC, Gilchuk P, Zost SJ, Suryadevara N, Winkler ES, Cabel CR, Binshtein E, Chen RE, Sutton RE, Rodriguez J, Day S, Myers L, Trivette A, Williams JK, Davidson E, Li S, Doranz BJ, Campos SK, Carnahan RH, Thorne CA, Diamond MS, Crowe JE. Convergent antibody responses to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in convalescent and vaccinated individuals. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109604. [PMID: 34411541 PMCID: PMC8352653 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Unrelated individuals can produce genetically similar clones of antibodies, known as public clonotypes, which have been seen in responses to different infectious diseases, as well as healthy individuals. Here we identify 37 public clonotypes in memory B cells from convalescent survivors of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection or in plasmablasts from an individual after vaccination with mRNA-encoded spike protein. We identify 29 public clonotypes, including clones recognizing the receptor-binding domain (RBD) in the spike protein S1 subunit (including a neutralizing, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 [ACE2]-blocking clone that protects in vivo) and others recognizing non-RBD epitopes that bind the S2 domain. Germline-revertant forms of some public clonotypes bind efficiently to spike protein, suggesting these common germline-encoded antibodies are preconfigured for avid recognition. Identification of large numbers of public clonotypes provides insight into the molecular basis of efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and sheds light on the immune pressures driving the selection of common viral escape mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine C Chen
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Pavlo Gilchuk
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Seth J Zost
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | | | - Emma S Winkler
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Carly R Cabel
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; Cancer Biology Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Elad Binshtein
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Rita E Chen
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Rachel E Sutton
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jessica Rodriguez
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Samuel Day
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Luke Myers
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Andrew Trivette
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | | | | | - Shuaizhi Li
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | | | - Samuel K Campos
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; Cancer Biology Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Robert H Carnahan
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Curtis A Thorne
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; Cancer Biology Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - James E Crowe
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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19
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Dong J, Cross RW, Doyle MP, Kose N, Mousa JJ, Annand EJ, Borisevich V, Agans KN, Sutton R, Nargi R, Majedi M, Fenton KA, Reichard W, Bombardi RG, Geisbert TW, Crowe JE. Potent Henipavirus Neutralization by Antibodies Recognizing Diverse Sites on Hendra and Nipah Virus Receptor Binding Protein. Cell 2021; 183:1536-1550.e17. [PMID: 33306954 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Hendra (HeV) and Nipah (NiV) viruses are emerging zoonotic pathogens in the Henipavirus genus causing outbreaks of disease with very high case fatality rates. Here, we report the first naturally occurring human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against HeV receptor binding protein (RBP). All isolated mAbs neutralized HeV, and some also neutralized NiV. Epitope binning experiments identified five major antigenic sites on HeV-RBP. Animal studies demonstrated that the most potent cross-reactive neutralizing mAbs, HENV-26 and HENV-32, protected ferrets in lethal models of infection with NiV Bangladesh 3 days after exposure. We solved the crystal structures of mAb HENV-26 in complex with both HeV-RBP and NiV-RBP and of mAb HENV-32 in complex with HeV-RBP. The studies reveal diverse sites of vulnerability on RBP recognized by potent human mAbs that inhibit virus by multiple mechanisms. These studies identify promising prophylactic antibodies and define protective epitopes that can be used in rational vaccine design.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/chemistry
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/isolation & purification
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Antigens, Viral/immunology
- Binding Sites
- Binding, Competitive
- Brain/pathology
- Chiroptera/virology
- Cross Reactions/immunology
- Crystallography, X-Ray
- Ephrin-B2/metabolism
- Female
- Ferrets/virology
- Hendra Virus/immunology
- Henipavirus/immunology
- Humans
- Interferometry
- Liver/pathology
- Models, Molecular
- Neutralization Tests
- Nipah Virus/immunology
- Protein Binding
- Protein Conformation
- Protein Domains
- Receptors, Virus/chemistry
- Receptors, Virus/immunology
- Receptors, Virus/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Dong
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Robert W Cross
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Michael P Doyle
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Nurgun Kose
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jarrod J Mousa
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Edward J Annand
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science and Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Black Mountain Laboratories & Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Health and Biosecurity, CSIRO, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Viktoriya Borisevich
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Krystle N Agans
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Rachel Sutton
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Rachel Nargi
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Mahsa Majedi
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Karla A Fenton
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Walter Reichard
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Robin G Bombardi
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Thomas W Geisbert
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - James E Crowe
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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20
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Rouers A, Chng MHY, Lee B, Rajapakse MP, Kaur K, Toh YX, Sathiakumar D, Loy T, Thein TL, Lim VW, Singhal A, Yeo TW, Leo YS, Vora KA, Casimiro D, Lim B, Tucker-Kellogg L, Rivino L, Newell EW, Fink K. Immune cell phenotypes associated with disease severity and long-term neutralizing antibody titers after natural dengue virus infection. CELL REPORTS MEDICINE 2021; 2:100278. [PMID: 34095880 PMCID: PMC8149372 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Prior immunological exposure to dengue virus can be both protective and disease-enhancing during subsequent infections with different dengue virus serotypes. We provide here a systematic, longitudinal analysis of B cell, T cell, and antibody responses in the same patients. Antibody responses as well as T and B cell activation differentiate primary from secondary responses. Hospitalization is associated with lower frequencies of activated, terminally differentiated T cells and higher percentages of effector memory CD4 T cells. Patients with more severe disease tend to have higher percentages of plasmablasts. This does not translate into long-term antibody titers, since neutralizing titers after 6 months correlate with percentages of specific memory B cells, but not with acute plasmablast activation. Overall, our unbiased analysis reveals associations between cellular profiles and disease severity, opening opportunities to study immunopathology in dengue disease and the potential predictive value of these parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeline Rouers
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138648, Singapore
- A∗STAR ID Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138468, Singapore
| | - Melissa Hui Yen Chng
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Bernett Lee
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Menaka P. Rajapakse
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Kaval Kaur
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Ying Xiu Toh
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Durgalakshmi Sathiakumar
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Thomas Loy
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138648, Singapore
- A∗STAR ID Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138468, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Tun-Linn Thein
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore 308442, Singapore
| | - Vanessa W.X. Lim
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore 308442, Singapore
| | - Amit Singhal
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138648, Singapore
- A∗STAR ID Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138468, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | - Tsin Wen Yeo
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Singapore 308232, Singapore
- Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433, Singapore
| | - Yee-Sin Leo
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore 308442, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Singapore 308232, Singapore
- Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, Singapore 117549, Singapore
| | - Kalpit A. Vora
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines Research, Merck, Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Danilo Casimiro
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines Research, Merck, Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Bing Lim
- Merck Sharp & Dohme Translational Medicine Research Centre, 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Lisa Tucker-Kellogg
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, and Centre for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Laura Rivino
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Evan W. Newell
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138648, Singapore
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Katja Fink
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138648, Singapore
- Corresponding author
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21
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Engdahl TB, Kuzmina NA, Ronk AJ, Mire CE, Hyde MA, Kose N, Josleyn MD, Sutton RE, Mehta A, Wolters RM, Lloyd NM, Valdivieso FR, Ksiazek TG, Hooper JW, Bukreyev A, Crowe JE. Broad and potently neutralizing monoclonal antibodies isolated from human survivors of New World hantavirus infection. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109086. [PMID: 33951434 PMCID: PMC8142553 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
New World hantaviruses (NWHs) are endemic in North and South America and cause hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS), with a case fatality rate of up to 40%. Knowledge of the natural humoral immune response to NWH infection is limited. Here, we describe human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) isolated from individuals previously infected with Sin Nombre virus (SNV) or Andes virus (ANDV). Most SNV-reactive antibodies show broad recognition and cross-neutralization of both New and Old World hantaviruses, while many ANDV-reactive antibodies show activity for ANDV only. mAbs ANDV-44 and SNV-53 compete for binding to a distinct site on the ANDV surface glycoprotein and show potently neutralizing activity to New and Old World hantaviruses. Four mAbs show therapeutic efficacy at clinically relevant doses in hamsters. These studies reveal a convergent and potently neutralizing human antibody response to NWHs and suggest therapeutic potential for human mAbs against HCPS. Engdahl et al. show that monoclonal antibodies isolated from human survivors of New World hantavirus infection display broad and potent neutralization across hantavirus species and recognize distinct sites on the glycoprotein spike. Multiple antibodies demonstrate potential therapeutic candidates for New World hantavirus infection. Some antibodies also neutralized Old World hantaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor B Engdahl
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Natalia A Kuzmina
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Adam J Ronk
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Chad E Mire
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; Animal Resource Center, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Matthew A Hyde
- Animal Resource Center, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Nurgun Kose
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Matthew D Josleyn
- Virology Division, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Rachel E Sutton
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Apoorva Mehta
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Rachael M Wolters
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Nicole M Lloyd
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Francisca R Valdivieso
- Programa Hantavirus, Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina (ICIM), Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7590943, Chile
| | - Thomas G Ksiazek
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Jay W Hooper
- Virology Division, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Alexander Bukreyev
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX 77550, USA.
| | - James E Crowe
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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22
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Suryadevara N, Shrihari S, Gilchuk P, VanBlargan LA, Binshtein E, Zost SJ, Nargi RS, Sutton RE, Winkler ES, Chen EC, Fouch ME, Davidson E, Doranz BJ, Chen RE, Shi PY, Carnahan RH, Thackray LB, Diamond MS, Crowe JE. Neutralizing and protective human monoclonal antibodies recognizing the N-terminal domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Cell 2021; 184:2316-2331.e15. [PMID: 33773105 PMCID: PMC7962591 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Most human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 recognize the spike (S) protein receptor-binding domain and block virus interactions with the cellular receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. We describe a panel of human mAbs binding to diverse epitopes on the N-terminal domain (NTD) of S protein from SARS-CoV-2 convalescent donors and found a minority of these possessed neutralizing activity. Two mAbs (COV2-2676 and COV2-2489) inhibited infection of authentic SARS-CoV-2 and recombinant VSV/SARS-CoV-2 viruses. We mapped their binding epitopes by alanine-scanning mutagenesis and selection of functional SARS-CoV-2 S neutralization escape variants. Mechanistic studies showed that these antibodies neutralize in part by inhibiting a post-attachment step in the infection cycle. COV2-2676 and COV2-2489 offered protection either as prophylaxis or therapy, and Fc effector functions were required for optimal protection. Thus, natural infection induces a subset of potent NTD-specific mAbs that leverage neutralizing and Fc-mediated activities to protect against SARS-CoV-2 infection using multiple functional attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Swathi Shrihari
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Pavlo Gilchuk
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Laura A VanBlargan
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Elad Binshtein
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Seth J Zost
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Rachel S Nargi
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Rachel E Sutton
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Emma S Winkler
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Elaine C Chen
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | | | | | | | - Rita E Chen
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Pei-Yong Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Robert H Carnahan
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Larissa B Thackray
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - James E Crowe
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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23
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Young E, Carnahan RH, Andrade DV, Kose N, Nargi RS, Fritch EJ, Munt JE, Doyle MP, White L, Baric TJ, Stoops M, DeSilva A, Tse LV, Martinez DR, Zhu D, Metz S, Wong MP, Espinosa DA, Montoya M, Biering SB, Sukulpolvi-Petty S, Kuan G, Balmaseda A, Diamond MS, Harris E, Crowe JE, Baric RS. Identification of Dengue Virus Serotype 3 Specific Antigenic Sites Targeted by Neutralizing Human Antibodies. Cell Host Microbe 2021; 27:710-724.e7. [PMID: 32407709 PMCID: PMC7309352 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2020.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The rational design of dengue virus (DENV) vaccines requires a detailed understanding of the molecular basis for antibody-mediated immunity. The durably protective antibody response to DENV after primary infection is serotype specific. However, there is an incomplete understanding of the antigenic determinants for DENV type-specific (TS) antibodies, especially for DENV serotype 3, which has only one well-studied, strongly neutralizing human monoclonal antibody (mAb). Here, we investigated the human B cell response in children after natural DENV infection in the endemic area of Nicaragua and isolated 15 DENV3 TS mAbs recognizing the envelope (E) glycoprotein. Functional epitope mapping of these mAbs and small animal prophylaxis studies revealed a complex landscape with protective epitopes clustering in at least 6-7 antigenic sites. Potently neutralizing TS mAbs recognized sites principally in E glycoprotein domains I and II, and patterns suggest frequent recognition of quaternary structures on the surface of viral particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Young
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Robert H Carnahan
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Daniela V Andrade
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Nurgun Kose
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Rachel S Nargi
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ethan J Fritch
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jennifer E Munt
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Michael P Doyle
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Laura White
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Thomas J Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Mark Stoops
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Aravinda DeSilva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Longping V Tse
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - David R Martinez
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Deanna Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Stefan Metz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Marcus P Wong
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Diego A Espinosa
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Magelda Montoya
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Scott B Biering
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Soila Sukulpolvi-Petty
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Guillermina Kuan
- Health Center Sócrates Flores Vivas, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Angel Balmaseda
- National Virology Laboratory, National Center for Diagnosis and Reference, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Eva Harris
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - James E Crowe
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Ralph S Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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24
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Tu HA, Nivarthi UK, Graham NR, Eisenhauer P, Delacruz MJ, Pierce KK, Whitehead SS, Boyson JE, Botten JW, Kirkpatrick BD, Durbin AP, deSilva AM, Diehl SA. Stimulation of B Cell Immunity in Flavivirus-Naive Individuals by the Tetravalent Live Attenuated Dengue Vaccine TV003. Cell Rep Med 2020; 1:100155. [PMID: 33377126 PMCID: PMC7762770 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2020.100155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The tetravalent live attenuated dengue vaccine candidate TV003 induces neutralizing antibodies against all four dengue virus serotypes (DENV1-DENV4) and protects against experimental challenge with DENV2 in humans. Here, we track vaccine viremia and B and T cell responses to this vaccination/challenge model to understand how vaccine viremia links adaptive immunity and development of protective antibody responses. TV003 viremia triggers an acute plasmablast response that, in combination with DENV-specific CD4+ T cells, correlates with serum neutralizing antibodies. TV003 vaccinees develop DENV2-reactive memory B cells, including serotype-specific and multivalent specificities in line with the composition of serum antibodies. There is no post-challenge plasmablast response in vaccinees, although stronger and earlier post-TV003 plasmablast responses associate with sterile humoral protection from DENV2 challenge. TV003 vaccine triggers plasmablasts and memory B cells, which, with support from CD4+ T cells, functionally link early vaccine viremia and the serum antibody responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huy A. Tu
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Vaccine Testing Center, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
- Cellular, Molecular, and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Usha K. Nivarthi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Nancy R. Graham
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Vaccine Testing Center, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Philip Eisenhauer
- Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Matthew J. Delacruz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Kristen K. Pierce
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Vaccine Testing Center, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
- Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Stephen S. Whitehead
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jonathan E. Boyson
- Cellular, Molecular, and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
- Department of Surgery, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Jason W. Botten
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Vaccine Testing Center, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
- Cellular, Molecular, and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
- Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Beth D. Kirkpatrick
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Vaccine Testing Center, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
- Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Anna P. Durbin
- Department of International Health, Center for Immunization Research, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Aravinda M. deSilva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Sean A. Diehl
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Vaccine Testing Center, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
- Cellular, Molecular, and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
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25
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Shukla R, Ramasamy V, Shanmugam RK, Ahuja R, Khanna N. Antibody-Dependent Enhancement: A Challenge for Developing a Safe Dengue Vaccine. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:572681. [PMID: 33194810 PMCID: PMC7642463 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.572681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2019, the United States Food and Drug Administration accorded restricted approval to Sanofi Pasteur's Dengvaxia, a live attenuated vaccine (LAV) for dengue fever, a mosquito-borne viral disease, caused by four antigenically distinct dengue virus serotypes (DENV 1-4). The reason for this limited approval is the concern that this vaccine sensitized some of the dengue-naïve recipients to severe dengue fever. Recent knowledge about the nature of the immune response elicited by DENV viruses suggests that all LAVs have inherent capacity to predominantly elicit antibodies (Abs) against the pre-membrane (prM) and fusion loop epitope (FLE) of DENV. These antibodies are generally cross-reactive among DENV serotypes carrying a higher risk of promoting Antibody-Dependent Enhancement (ADE). ADE is a phenomenon in which suboptimal neutralizing or non-neutralizing cross-reactive antibodies bind to virus and facilitate Fcγ receptor mediated enhanced entry into host cells, followed by its replication, and thus increasing the cellular viral load. On the other hand, antibody responses directed against the host-cell receptor binding domain of DENV envelope domain-III (EDIII), exhibit a higher degree of type-specificity with lower potential of ADE. The challenges associated with whole DENV-based vaccine strategies necessitate re-focusing our attention toward the designed dengue vaccine candidates, capable of inducing predominantly type-specific immune responses. If the designed vaccines elicited predominantly EDIII-directed serotype specific antibodies in the absence of prM and FLE antibodies, this could avoid the ADE phenomenon largely associated with the prM and FLE antibodies. The generation of type-specific antibodies to each of the four DENV serotypes by the designed vaccines could avoid the immune evasion mechanisms of DENVs. For the enhanced vaccine safety, all dengue vaccine candidates should be assessed for the extent of type-specific (minimal ADE) vs. cross-reactive (ADE promoting) neutralizing antibodies. The type-specific EDIII antibodies may be more directly related to protection from disease in the absence of ADE promoted by the cross-reactive antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Shukla
- Translational Health Group, Molecular Medicine Division, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Viswanathan Ramasamy
- Translational Health Group, Molecular Medicine Division, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajgokul K Shanmugam
- Translational Health Group, Molecular Medicine Division, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Richa Ahuja
- Translational Health Group, Molecular Medicine Division, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Navin Khanna
- Translational Health Group, Molecular Medicine Division, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
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26
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Lv J, Liu X, Cui S, Yang L, Qu S, Meng R, Yang B, Feng C, Wang X, Zhang D. The Neutralizing Antibody Response Elicited by Tembusu Virus Is Affected Dramatically by a Single Mutation in the Stem Region of the Envelope Protein. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:585194. [PMID: 33193231 PMCID: PMC7642334 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.585194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tembusu virus (TMUV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that most commonly affects adult breeder and layer ducks. However, a TMUV-caused neurological disease has also been found in ducklings below 7 weeks of age, highlighting the need to develop a safe vaccine for young ducklings. In this study, a plaque-purified PS TMUV strain was attenuated by serial passage in BHK-21 cells. Using 1-day-old Pekin ducklings as a model, the virus was confirmed to be attenuated sufficiently after 180 passages, whereas the neutralizing antibody response elicited by the 180th passage virus (PS180) was substantially impaired compared with PS. The findings suggest that sufficient attenuation results in loss of immunogenicity in the development of the live-attenuated TMUV vaccine. Comparative sequence analysis revealed that PS180 acquired one mutation (V41M) in prM and four mutations (T70A, Y176H, K313R, and F408L) in the envelope (E) protein. To identify the amino acid substitution(s) associated with loss of immunogenicity of PS180, we rescued parental viruses, rPS and rPS180, and produced mutant viruses, rPS180-M41V, rPS180-A70T, rPS180-H176Y, rPS180-R313K, rPS180-L408F, and rPS180-M5, which contained residue 41V in prM, residues 70T, 176Y, 313K, and 408F in E, and combination of the five residues, respectively, of PS in the backbone of the rPS180 genome. The neutralizing antibody response elicited by rPS180-L408F and rPS180-M5 was significantly higher than those by other mutant viruses and comparable to that by rPS. Furthermore, we produced mutant virus rPS-F408L, which contained residue 408L of PS180 in the backbone of the rPS genome. The F408L mutation conferred significantly decreased neutralizing antibody response to rPS-F408L, which was comparable to that elicited by rPS180. Based on homologous modeling, residue 408 was predicted to be located within the first helical domain of the stem region of the E protein (EH1). Together, these data demonstrate that a single mutation within the EH1 domain exerts a dramatical impact on the TMUV neutralizing antibody response. The present work may enhance our understanding of molecular basis of the TMUV neutralizing antibody response, and provides an important step for the development of a safe and efficient live-attenuated TMUV vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Lv
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shulin Cui
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lixin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shenghua Qu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Runze Meng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Baolin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chonglun Feng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dabing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Shukla R, Beesetti H, Brown JA, Ahuja R, Ramasamy V, Shanmugam RK, Poddar A, Batra G, Krammer F, Lim JK, Kale S, Lal AA, Swaminathan S, Khanna N. Dengue and Zika virus infections are enhanced by live attenuated dengue vaccine but not by recombinant DSV4 vaccine candidate in mouse models. EBioMedicine 2020; 60:102991. [PMID: 32949997 PMCID: PMC7501058 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A tetravalent live attenuated dengue vaccine, Dengvaxia, sensitised naïve recipients to severe dengue illness upon a subsequent natural dengue infection and is suspected to be due to antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE). ADE has also been implicated in the severe neurological outcomes of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection. It has become evident that cross-reactive antibodies targeting the viral pre-membrane protein and fusion-loop epitope are ADE-competent. A pre-clinical tetravalent dengue sub-unit vaccine candidate, DSV4, eliminates these ADE-competent epitopes. Methods We compared protective efficacy and ADE-competence of murine polyclonal antibodies induced by DSV4, Dengvaxia and an ‘in house’ tetravalent mixture of all four laboratory DENV strains, TV DENV, using established mouse models. Findings DSV4-induced antibodies, known to be predominantly type-specific, provided significant protection against lethal DENV challenge, but did not promote ADE of either DENV or ZIKV infection in vivo. Antibodies elicited by Dengvaxia and TV DENV, which are predominantly cross-reactive, not only failed to offer protection against lethal DENV challenge, but also promoted ADE of both DENV and ZIKV infection in vivo. Interpretation Protective efficacy against DENV infection may be linked to the induction of neutralising antibodies which are type-specific rather than cross-reactive. Whole virus-based dengue vaccines may be associated with ADE risk, despite their potent virus-neutralising capacity. Vaccines designed to eliminate ADE-competent epitopes may help eliminate/minimise ADE risk. Funding This study was supported partly by ICGEB, India, the National Biopharma Mission, DBT, Government of India, Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Limited, India, and NIAID, NIH, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Shukla
- Translational Health Group, Molecular Medicine Division, International Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Hemalatha Beesetti
- Dengue Laboratory, Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd., Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Julia A Brown
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Richa Ahuja
- Translational Health Group, Molecular Medicine Division, International Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Viswanathan Ramasamy
- Translational Health Group, Molecular Medicine Division, International Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajgokul K Shanmugam
- Translational Health Group, Molecular Medicine Division, International Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Ankur Poddar
- Translational Health Group, Molecular Medicine Division, International Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Gaurav Batra
- Centre for Biodesign and Diagnostics, Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Jean K Lim
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Sachin Kale
- Dengue Laboratory, Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd., Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Altaf A Lal
- Dengue Laboratory, Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd., Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Sathyamangalam Swaminathan
- Translational Health Group, Molecular Medicine Division, International Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
| | - Navin Khanna
- Translational Health Group, Molecular Medicine Division, International Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
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Andrade P, Narvekar P, Montoya M, Michlmayr D, Balmaseda A, Coloma J, Harris E. Primary and Secondary Dengue Virus Infections Elicit Similar Memory B-Cell Responses, but Breadth to Other Serotypes and Cross-Reactivity to Zika Virus Is Higher in Secondary Dengue. J Infect Dis 2020; 222:590-600. [PMID: 32193549 PMCID: PMC7377287 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 4 antigenically distinct serotypes of dengue virus (DENV) share extensive homology with each other and with the closely related Zika flavivirus (ZIKV). The development of polyclonal memory B cells (MBCs) to the 4 DENV serotypes and ZIKV during DENV infection is not fully understood. METHODS In this study, we analyzed polyclonal MBCs at the single-cell level from peripheral blood mononuclear cells collected ~2 weeks or 6-7 months postprimary or postsecondary DENV infection from a pediatric hospital-based study in Nicaragua using a Multi-Color FluoroSpot assay. RESULTS Dengue virus elicits robust type-specific and cross-reactive MBC responses after primary and secondary DENV infection, with a significantly higher cross-reactive response in both. Reactivity to the infecting serotype dominated the total MBC response. Although the frequency and proportion of type-specific and cross-reactive MBCs were comparable between primary and secondary DENV infections, within the cross-reactive response, the breadth of MBC responses against different serotypes was greater after secondary DENV infection. Dengue virus infection also induced cross-reactive MBC responses recognizing ZIKV, particularly after secondary DENV infection. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our study sheds light on the polyclonal MBC response to DENV and ZIKV in naive and DENV-preimmune subjects, with important implications for natural infections and vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Andrade
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
- Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Parnal Narvekar
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Magelda Montoya
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Daniela Michlmayr
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Angel Balmaseda
- Laboratorio Nacional de Virología, Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministerio de Salud, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Josefina Coloma
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Eva Harris
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
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29
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Wang C, Xiao Y, Zhu W, Chu J, Xu J, Zhao H, Shen F, Peng R, Liu Z. Photosensitizer-Modified MnO 2 Nanoparticles to Enhance Photodynamic Treatment of Abscesses and Boost Immune Protection for Treated Mice. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2000589. [PMID: 32521098 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202000589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of drug-resistant bacteria and easy recurrence has been challenging in the clinical treatment of skin abscesses resulting from bacterial infections (e.g., by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)). Herein, an antibacterial nanoagent capable of modulating the abscess microenvironment is designed to enhance photodynamic treatment of skin abscesses, and subsequently activate the immune system to effectively prevent abscess recurrence. In the system, manganese dioxide nanoparticles (MnO2 NPs) with high catalytic reactivity toward H2 O2 are modified with photosensitizer chlorine e6 (Ce6) and coated with polyethylene glycol (PEG). The obtained Ce6@MnO2 -PEG NPs, by triggering the decomposition of lesion endogenous H2 O2 , are able to effectively relieve the hypoxic abscess microenvironment during S. aureus infection. The light-triggered photodynamic bacterial killing effect could thus be remarkably enhanced, resulting in effective in vivo therapy of S. aureus-induced skin abscesses. Interestingly, a notable pathogen-specific immunological memory effect against future infection by the same species of bacteria is elicited after such treatment, owing to the release of bacterial antigens post photodynamic therapy (PDT) together with the adjuvant-like function of manganese ions to activate the host immune system. This work thus presents a new type of photodynamic nanoagent particularly promising for highly effective light-triggered abscess treatment and prevention of abscess recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenya Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Yuanpeng Xiao
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Wenwen Zhu
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Jiacheng Chu
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - He Zhao
- Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Pediatric Research Institute of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Fengyun Shen
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Rui Peng
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Zhuang Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
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30
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Wilken L, Rimmelzwaan GF. Adaptive Immunity to Dengue Virus: Slippery Slope or Solid Ground for Rational Vaccine Design? Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9060470. [PMID: 32549226 PMCID: PMC7350362 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9060470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The four serotypes of dengue virus are the most widespread causes of arboviral disease, currently placing half of the human population at risk of infection. Pre-existing immunity to one dengue virus serotype can predispose to severe disease following secondary infection with a different serotype. The phenomenon of immune enhancement has complicated vaccine development and likely explains the poor long-term safety profile of a recently licenced dengue vaccine. Therefore, alternative vaccine strategies should be considered. This review summarises studies dissecting the adaptive immune responses to dengue virus infection and (experimental) vaccination. In particular, we discuss the roles of (i) neutralising antibodies, (ii) antibodies to non-structural protein 1, and (iii) T cells in protection and pathogenesis. We also address how these findings could translate into next-generation vaccine approaches that mitigate the risk of enhanced dengue disease. Finally, we argue that the development of a safe and efficacious dengue vaccine is an attainable goal.
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31
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Dhenni R, Phan TG. The geography of memory B cell reactivation in vaccine-induced immunity and in autoimmune disease relapses. Immunol Rev 2020; 296:62-86. [PMID: 32472583 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Memory B cells (Bmem) provide an active second layer of defense against re-infection by pathogens that have bypassed the passive first layer provided by neutralizing antibodies. Here, we review recent progress in our understanding of Bmem heterogeneity in terms of their origin (germinal center-dependent vs center-independent), phenotype (canonical vs atypical vs age-associated B cells), trafficking (recirculating vs tissue-resident), and fate (plasma cell vs germinal center differentiation). The development of transgenic models and intravital imaging technologies has made it possible to track the cellular dynamics of Bmem reactivation by antigen, their interactions with follicular memory T cells, and differentiation into plasma cells in subcapsular proliferative foci in the lymph nodes of immune animals. Such in situ studies have reinforced the importance of geography in shaping the outcome of the secondary antibody response. We also review the evidence for Bmem reactivation and differentiation into short-lived plasma cells in the pathogenesis of disease flares in relapsing-remitting autoimmune diseases. Elucidating the mechanisms that control the Bmem fate decision to differentiate into plasma cells or germinal center B cells will aid future efforts to more precisely engineer fit-for-purpose vaccines as well as to treat antibody-mediated autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rama Dhenni
- Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tri Giang Phan
- Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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32
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Bangaru S, Lang S, Schotsaert M, Vanderven HA, Zhu X, Kose N, Bombardi R, Finn JA, Kent SJ, Gilchuk P, Gilchuk I, Turner HL, García-Sastre A, Li S, Ward AB, Wilson IA, Crowe JE. A Site of Vulnerability on the Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin Head Domain Trimer Interface. Cell 2020; 177:1136-1152.e18. [PMID: 31100268 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Here, we describe the discovery of a naturally occurring human antibody (Ab), FluA-20, that recognizes a new site of vulnerability on the hemagglutinin (HA) head domain and reacts with most influenza A viruses. Structural characterization of FluA-20 with H1 and H3 head domains revealed a novel epitope in the HA trimer interface, suggesting previously unrecognized dynamic features of the trimeric HA protein. The critical HA residues recognized by FluA-20 remain conserved across most subtypes of influenza A viruses, which explains the Ab's extraordinary breadth. The Ab rapidly disrupted the integrity of HA protein trimers, inhibited cell-to-cell spread of virus in culture, and protected mice against challenge with viruses of H1N1, H3N2, H5N1, or H7N9 subtypes when used as prophylaxis or therapy. The FluA-20 Ab has uncovered an exceedingly conserved protective determinant in the influenza HA head domain trimer interface that is an unexpected new target for anti-influenza therapeutics and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Bangaru
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Shanshan Lang
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Michael Schotsaert
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Hillary A Vanderven
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Xueyong Zhu
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Nurgun Kose
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Robin Bombardi
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jessica A Finn
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Stephen J Kent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pavlo Gilchuk
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Iuliia Gilchuk
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Hannah L Turner
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Sheng Li
- Department of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Andrew B Ward
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ian A Wilson
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - James E Crowe
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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Gilchuk IM, Bangaru S, Gilchuk P, Irving RP, Kose N, Bombardi RG, Thornburg NJ, Creech CB, Edwards KM, Li S, Turner HL, Yu W, Zhu X, Wilson IA, Ward AB, Crowe JE. Influenza H7N9 Virus Neuraminidase-Specific Human Monoclonal Antibodies Inhibit Viral Egress and Protect from Lethal Influenza Infection in Mice. Cell Host Microbe 2019; 26:715-728.e8. [PMID: 31757769 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2019.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
H7N9 avian influenza virus causes severe infections and might have the potential to trigger a major pandemic. Molecular determinants of human humoral immune response to N9 neuraminidase (NA) proteins, which exhibit unusual features compared with seasonal influenza virus NA proteins, are ill-defined. We isolated 35 human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from two H7N9 survivors and two vaccinees. These mAbs react to NA in a subtype-specific manner and recognize diverse antigenic sites on the surface of N9 NA, including epitopes overlapping with, or distinct from, the enzyme active site. Despite recognizing multiple antigenic sites, the mAbs use a common mechanism of action by blocking egress of nascent virions from infected cells, thereby providing an antiviral prophylactic and therapeutic protection in vivo in mice. Studies of breadth, potency, and diversity of antigenic recognition from four subjects suggest that vaccination with inactivated adjuvanted vaccine induce NA-reactive responses comparable to that of H7N9 natural infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iuliia M Gilchuk
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Sandhya Bangaru
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Pavlo Gilchuk
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Ryan P Irving
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Nurgun Kose
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Robin G Bombardi
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Natalie J Thornburg
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - C Buddy Creech
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Kathryn M Edwards
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Sheng Li
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Hannah L Turner
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Wenli Yu
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Xueyong Zhu
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ian A Wilson
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Andrew B Ward
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - James E Crowe
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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Sánchez-Vargas LA, Kounlavouth S, Smith ML, Anderson KB, Srikiatkhachorn A, Ellison DW, Currier JR, Endy TP, Mathew A, Rothman AL. Longitudinal Analysis of Memory B and T Cell Responses to Dengue Virus in a 5-Year Prospective Cohort Study in Thailand. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1359. [PMID: 31263466 PMCID: PMC6585174 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Prior exposure to dengue virus (DENV) has a profound impact on the outcome of infection, which varies according to the interval between infections. Antibodies secreted by B cells and cytokines secreted by T cells are thought to contribute both to protective immunity against DENV and the pathogenesis of dengue disease. We analyzed peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) collected from Thai children over a 5-year prospective cohort study to define the dynamics of DENV-specific memory B and T cell responses and the impact of symptomatic or subclinical DENV infections. To measure B cell responses, PBMC were stimulated with IL-2 plus R848 and culture supernatants were tested for DENV-binding antibodies by ELISA. To measure T cell responses, PBMC were stimulated in dual-color ELISPOT assays with overlapping peptide pools of structural and non-structural proteins from the four DENV types. B cell responses were low to one or more DENV types prior to symptomatic infection and increased with reactivity to all four types after infection. Subjects who had a subclinical infection or who did not experience a DENV infection during the study period showed strong memory B cell responses to all four DENV types. T cell responses to DENV peptides demonstrated a cytokine hierarchy of IFN-γ > IL-2 > IFN-γ/IL-2. T cell responses were low or absent prior to secondary infections. The trends in T cell responses to DENV peptides over 3 year post-infection were highly variable, but subjects who had experienced a secondary DENV1 infection showed higher cytokine responses compared to subjects who had experienced a secondary DENV2 or subclinical infection. The longitudinal nature of our study demonstrates persistent memory B cell responses over years and a lasting but variable impact of secondary DENV infection on DENV-specific T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Sánchez-Vargas
- Institute for Immunology and Informatics, University of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Sonia Kounlavouth
- Institute for Immunology and Informatics, University of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Madison L Smith
- Institute for Immunology and Informatics, University of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Kathryn B Anderson
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Anon Srikiatkhachorn
- Institute for Immunology and Informatics, University of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Damon W Ellison
- Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jeffrey R Currier
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Timothy P Endy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York-Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Anuja Mathew
- Institute for Immunology and Informatics, University of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Alan L Rothman
- Institute for Immunology and Informatics, University of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, United States
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Ripoll DR, Wallqvist A, Chaudhury S. Molecular Simulations Reveal the Role of Antibody Fine Specificity and Viral Maturation State on Antibody-Dependent Enhancement of Infection in Dengue Virus. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:200. [PMID: 31275864 PMCID: PMC6593287 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent clinical studies have revealed that severe symptoms of dengue fever are associated with low pre-existing antibody levels. These findings provide direct clinical evidence for the theory of antibody-dependent enhancement of infection (ADE), which postulates that sub-neutralizing levels of antibodies facilitate the invasion of host cells by the dengue virus. Here, we carried out molecular simulations guided by previous in vitro experiments and structural studies to explore the role of antibody fine-specificity, viral conformation, and maturation state—key aspects of dengue virology that are difficult to manipulate experimentally—on ADE in the context of primary and secondary infections. Our simulation results reproduced in vitro studies of ADE, providing a molecular basis for how sub-neutralizing antibody concentrations can enhance infection. We found that antibody fine specificity, or the relative antibody response to different epitopes on the surface of the dengue virus, plays a major role in determining the degree of ADE observed at low antibody concentrations. Specifically, we found that the higher the relative antibody response to certain cross-reactive epitopes, such as the fusion loop or prM, the greater was the range of antibody concentrations where ADE occurred, providing a basis for why low antibody concentrations are associated with severe dengue disease in secondary infections. Furthermore, we found that partially mature viral states, in particular, are associated with the greatest degree of ADE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Ripoll
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc. (HJF), Rockville, MD, United States.,Biotechnology HPC Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Anders Wallqvist
- Biotechnology HPC Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Sidhartha Chaudhury
- Biotechnology HPC Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, Frederick, MD, United States
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36
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Lyski ZL, Messer WB. Approaches to Interrogating the Human Memory B-Cell and Memory-Derived Antibody Repertoire Following Dengue Virus Infection. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1276. [PMID: 31244836 PMCID: PMC6562360 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory B-cells (MBCs) are potential antibody secreting immune cells that differentiate and mature following host exposure to a pathogen. Following differentiation, MBCs remain in peripheral circulation after recovery and are poised to secrete antigen-specific antibodies if and when they are re-exposed to their cognate antigen. Consequently, MBCs form the founder population and provide one of the first lines of pathogen-specific defense against reinfection. The role MBCs play is complicated for viruses that are heterologous, such as dengue virus (DENV), which exist as antigenically different serotypes. On second infection with a different serotype, MBCs from initial dengue infection rapidly proliferate and secrete antibodies: many of these MBC derived antibodies will be cross-reactive and weakly neutralizing, while some antibodies may recognize epitopes conserved across serotypes and have the capacity to broadly neutralize 2 or more serotypes. It is also possible that a new population of MBCs and antibodies specific for the second virus serotype need to arise for long-term broader immunity to develop. Methods to interrogate and track memory B cell responses are important for evaluating both natural immunity and vaccine response. However, the low abundance of MBCs for any specific pathogen makes it challenging to interrogate frequency, specificity, and breadth for the pathogen of interest. This review discusses current approaches that have been used to interrogate the memory B cell immune response against viral pathogens in general and DENV specifically. Including strengths, limitations, and future directions. Single-cell approaches could help uncover the DENV specific MBC antibody repertoire, and improved methods for isolating DENV specific monoclonal antibodies from human peripheral blood cells would allow for a functional analysis of the anti-DENV repertoire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe L Lyski
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - William B Messer
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, United States
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37
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Collins MH, Tu HA, Gimblet-Ochieng C, Liou GJA, Jadi RS, Metz SW, Thomas A, McElvany BD, Davidson E, Doranz BJ, Reyes Y, Bowman NM, Becker-Dreps S, Bucardo F, Lazear HM, Diehl SA, de Silva AM. Human antibody response to Zika targets type-specific quaternary structure epitopes. JCI Insight 2019; 4:124588. [PMID: 30996133 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.124588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic in the Americas has revealed rare but serious manifestations of infection. ZIKV has emerged in regions endemic for dengue virus (DENV), a closely related mosquito-borne flavivirus. Cross-reactive antibodies confound studies of ZIKV epidemiology and pathogenesis. The immune responses to ZIKV may be different in people, depending on their DENV immune status. Here, we focus on the human B cell and antibody response to ZIKV as a primary flavivirus infection to define the properties of neutralizing and protective antibodies generated in the absence of preexisting immunity to DENV. The plasma antibody and memory B cell response is highly ZIKV type-specific, and ZIKV-neutralizing antibodies mainly target quaternary structure epitopes on the viral envelope. To map viral epitopes targeted by protective antibodies, we isolated 2 type-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from a ZIKV case. Both mAbs were strongly neutralizing in vitro and protective in vivo. The mAbs recognize distinct epitopes centered on domains I and II of the envelope protein. We also demonstrate that the epitopes of these mAbs define antigenic regions commonly targeted by plasma antibodies in individuals from endemic and nonendemic regions who have recovered from ZIKV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew H Collins
- Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, and Hope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Decatur, Georgia, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Huy A Tu
- Cellular, Molecular, and Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA.,Vaccine Testing Center, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Ciara Gimblet-Ochieng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Guei-Jiun Alice Liou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ramesh S Jadi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Stefan W Metz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ashlie Thomas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Benjamin D McElvany
- Vaccine Testing Center, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Edgar Davidson
- Integral Molecular, Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Yaoska Reyes
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, National Autonomous University of León, Nicaragua
| | - Natalie M Bowman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sylvia Becker-Dreps
- Departments of Family Medicine and Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Filemón Bucardo
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, National Autonomous University of León, Nicaragua
| | - Helen M Lazear
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sean A Diehl
- Cellular, Molecular, and Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA.,Vaccine Testing Center, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Aravinda M de Silva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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38
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Priyamvada L, Suthar MS, Ahmed R, Wrammert J. Humoral Immune Responses Against Zika Virus Infection and the Importance of Preexisting Flavivirus Immunity. J Infect Dis 2019; 216:S906-S911. [PMID: 29267924 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jix513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent emergence of Zika virus (ZIKV) in the western hemisphere has been linked to Guillain-Barre syndrome, congenital microcephaly, and devastating ophthalmologic and neurologic developmental abnormalities. The vast geographic spread and adverse disease outcomes of the 2015-2016 epidemic have elevated ZIKV from a previously understudied virus to one of substantial public health interest worldwide. Recent efforts to dissect immunological responses to ZIKV have provided significant insights into the functional quality and antigenic targets of ZIKV-induced B-cell responses. Several groups have demonstrated immunological cross-reactivity between ZIKV and other flaviviruses and have identified antibodies capable of both cross-neutralization, as well as antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of ZIKV infection. However, the impact of preexisting flavivirus immunity on ZIKV pathogenesis, the generation of protective responses, and in utero transmission of ZIKV infection remain unclear. Given the widespread endemicity of DENV in the areas most effected by the current ZIKV outbreak, the possibility of ADE is especially concerning and may pose unique challenges to the development and deployment of safe and immunogenic ZIKV vaccines. Here, we review current literature pertaining to ZIKV-induced B-cell responses and humoral cross-reactivity and discuss relevant considerations for the development of vaccines and therapeutics against ZIKV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalita Priyamvada
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.,Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Mehul S Suthar
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.,Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Rafi Ahmed
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jens Wrammert
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.,Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
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39
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Auerswald H, Klepsch L, Schreiber S, Hülsemann J, Franzke K, Kann S, Y B, Duong V, Buchy P, Schreiber M. The Dengue ED3 Dot Assay, a Novel Serological Test for the Detection of Denguevirus Type-Specific Antibodies and Its Application in a Retrospective Seroprevalence Study. Viruses 2019; 11:v11040304. [PMID: 30934772 PMCID: PMC6521013 DOI: 10.3390/v11040304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
There are four distinct antigenic serotypes of dengue viruses (DENV-1-4). Sequential infections with different serotypes lead to cross-reactive but also serotype-specific neutralizing antibody responses. Neutralization assays are considered as gold standard for serotype-specific antibody detection. However, for retrospective seroprevalence studies, access to large serum quantities is limited making neutralization assays well-nigh impossible. Therefore, a serological test, wasting only 10 µL serum, was developed using fusion proteins of maltose binding protein and E protein domain 3 (MBP-ED3) as antigens. Twelve MBP-ED3 antigens for DENV-1-4, three MBP-ED3 antigens for WNV, JEV, and TBEV, and MBP were dotted onto a single nitrocellulose strip. ED3 dot assay results were compared to virus neutralization and ED3 ELISA test results, showing a >90% accordance for DENV-1 and a 100% accordance for DENV-2, making the test specifically useful for DENV-1/-2 serotype-specific antibody detection. Since 2010, DENV-1 has replaced DENV-2 as the dominant serotype in Cambodia. In a retrospective cohort analysis, sera collected during the DENV-1/-2 endemic period showed a shift to DENV-2-specific antibody responses in 2012 paralleled by the decline of DENV-2 infections. Altogether, the ED3 dot assay is a serum-, time- and money-saving diagnostic tool for serotype-specific antibody detection, especially when serum samples are limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Auerswald
- Department of Virology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Str. 74, 20359 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Leonard Klepsch
- Department of Virology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Str. 74, 20359 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Schreiber
- Department of Virology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Str. 74, 20359 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Janne Hülsemann
- Department of Virology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Str. 74, 20359 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Kati Franzke
- Department of Virology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Str. 74, 20359 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Simone Kann
- Department of Virology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Str. 74, 20359 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Bunthin Y
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur in Cambodia, 5 Monivong Boulevard, 12201 Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
| | - Veasna Duong
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur in Cambodia, 5 Monivong Boulevard, 12201 Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
| | - Philippe Buchy
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur in Cambodia, 5 Monivong Boulevard, 12201 Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
- GlaxoSmithKline, Vaccines R&D, 23 Rochester Park, Singapore 139234, Singapore.
| | - Michael Schreiber
- Department of Virology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Str. 74, 20359 Hamburg, Germany.
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40
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Nivarthi UK, Tu HA, Delacruz MJ, Swanstrom J, Patel B, Durbin AP, Whitehead SS, Pierce KK, Kirkpatrick BD, Baric RS, Nguyen N, Emerling DE, de Silva AM, Diehl SA. Longitudinal analysis of acute and convalescent B cell responses in a human primary dengue serotype 2 infection model. EBioMedicine 2019; 41:465-478. [PMID: 30857944 PMCID: PMC6444124 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.02.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute viral infections induce a rapid and transient increase in antibody-secreting plasmablasts. At convalescence, memory B cells (MBC) and long-lived plasma cells (LLPC) are responsible for long-term humoral immunity. Following an acute viral infection, the specific properties and relationships between antibodies produced by these B cell compartments are poorly understood. METHODS We utilized a controlled human challenge model of primary dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV2) infection to study acute and convalescent B-cell responses. FINDINGS The level of DENV2 replication was correlated with the magnitude of the plasmablast response. Functional analysis of plasmablast-derived monoclonal antibodies showed that the DENV2-specific response was dominated by cells producing DENV2 serotype-specific antibodies. DENV2-neutralizing antibodies targeted quaternary structure epitopes centered on domain III of the viral envelope protein (EDIII). Functional analysis of MBC and serum antibodies from the same subjects six months post-challenge revealed maintenance of the serotype-specific response in both compartments. The serum response mainly targeted DENV2 serotype-specific epitopes on EDIII. INTERPRETATION Our data suggest overall functional alignment of DENV2-specific responses from the plasmablast, through the MBC and LLPC compartments following primary DENV2 inflection. These results provide enhanced resolution of the temporal and specificity of the B cell compartment in viral infection and serve as framework for evaluation of B cell responses in challenge models. FUNDING This study was supported by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and the National Institutes of Health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usha K Nivarthi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Huy A Tu
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Vaccine Testing Center, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA; Cellular, Molecular, and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Matthew J Delacruz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Jesica Swanstrom
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Bhumi Patel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Anna P Durbin
- Department of International Health, Center for Immunization Research, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Stephen S Whitehead
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kristen K Pierce
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Vaccine Testing Center, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Beth D Kirkpatrick
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Vaccine Testing Center, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Ralph S Baric
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Ngan Nguyen
- Atreca, Inc. Redwood City, California 94063, USA
| | | | - Aravinda M de Silva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.
| | - Sean A Diehl
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Vaccine Testing Center, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA.
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41
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Wong R, Bhattacharya D. Basics of memory B-cell responses: lessons from and for the real world. Immunology 2019; 156:120-129. [PMID: 30488482 PMCID: PMC6328991 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The production of pathogen-specific B cells and antibodies underlies protective immunity elicited by most vaccines and many infections. Humoral immunity follows a regulated process by which high-affinity antibody-secreting plasma cells and memory B cells are generated. Yet for certain pathogens, protective immunity is inefficiently generated and/or maintained. For example, Dengue virus infections lead to lasting immunity against re-infection by the same serotype. However, if infected with a different Dengue serotype, the individual is predisposed to more severe disease than if he/she was completely naive. As another example, both natural infections with or vaccination against malaria do not necessarily lead to lasting immunity, as the same individual can be re-infected many times over the course of a lifetime. In this review, we discuss how these real-world problems can both instruct and be informed by recent basic studies using model organisms and antigens. An emphasis is placed on protective epitopes and functional distinctions between memory B-cell subsets in both mice and humans. Using flavivirus and Plasmodium infections as examples, we also speculate on the differences between ineffective B-cell responses that actually occur in the real world, and perfect-world responses that would generate lasting immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Wong
- Division of Biological and Biomedical SciencesWashington UniversitySt LouisMOUSA
- Department of ImmunobiologyUniversity of Arizona College of MedicineTucsonAZUSA
| | - Deepta Bhattacharya
- Department of ImmunobiologyUniversity of Arizona College of MedicineTucsonAZUSA
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42
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Chukwuma VU, Kose N, Sather DN, Sapparapu G, Falk R, King H, Singh V, Lampley R, Malherbe DC, Ditto NT, Sullivan JT, Barnes T, Doranz BJ, Labranche CC, Montefiori DC, Kalams SA, Haigwood NL, Crowe JE. Increased breadth of HIV-1 neutralization achieved by diverse antibody clones each with limited neutralization breadth. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0209437. [PMID: 30566528 PMCID: PMC6300260 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) are rarely elicited by current human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) vaccine designs, but the presence of bNAbs in naturally infected individuals may be associated with high plasma viral loads, suggesting that the magnitude, duration, and diversity of viral exposure may contribute to the development of bNAbs. Here, we report the isolation and characterization of a panel of human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from two subjects who developed broadly neutralizing autologous antibody responses during HIV-1 infection. In both subjects, we identified collections of mAbs that exhibited specificity only to a few autologous envelopes (Envs), with some mAbs exhibiting specificity only to a subset of Envs within the quasispecies of a particular sample at one time point. Neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) isolated from these subjects mapped mostly to epitopes in the Env V3 loop region and the CD4 binding site. None of the individual neutralizing mAbs recovered exhibited the cumulative breadth of neutralization present in the serum of the subjects. Surprisingly, however, the activity of polyclonal mixtures comprising individual mAbs that each possessed limited neutralizing activity, could achieve increased breadth of neutralizing activity against autologous isolates. While a single broadly neutralizing antibody targeting one epitope can mediate neutralization breadth, the findings presented here suggest that a cooperative polyclonal process mediated by diverse antibodies with more limited breadth targeting multiple epitopes also can achieve neutralization breadth against HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentine U. Chukwuma
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Nurgun Kose
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - D. Noah Sather
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Gopal Sapparapu
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Rachel Falk
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Hannah King
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Vidisha Singh
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Rebecca Lampley
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Delphine C. Malherbe
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Noah T. Ditto
- Carterra Inc., Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | | | - Trevor Barnes
- Integral Molecular, Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Benjamin J. Doranz
- Integral Molecular, Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Celia C. Labranche
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - David C. Montefiori
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Spyros A. Kalams
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Nancy L. Haigwood
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - James E. Crowe
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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43
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Sánchez-Ramón S, Conejero L, Netea MG, Sancho D, Palomares Ó, Subiza JL. Trained Immunity-Based Vaccines: A New Paradigm for the Development of Broad-Spectrum Anti-infectious Formulations. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2936. [PMID: 30619296 PMCID: PMC6304371 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Challenge with specific microbial stimuli induces long lasting epigenetic changes in innate immune cells that result in their enhanced response to a second challenge by the same or unrelated microbial insult, a process referred to as trained immunity. This opens a new avenue in vaccinology to develop Trained Immunity-based Vaccines (TIbV), defined as vaccine formulations that induce training in innate immune cells. Unlike conventional vaccines, which are aimed to elicit only specific responses to vaccine-related antigens, TIbV aim to stimulate broader responses. As trained immunity is generally triggered by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), TIbV should be formulated with microbial structures containing suitable PRR-ligands. The TIbV concept we describe here may be used for the development of vaccines focused to promote host resistance against a wide spectrum of pathogens. Under the umbrella of trained immunity, a broad protection can be achieved by: (i) increasing the nonspecific effector response of innate immune cells (e.g., monocyte/macrophages) to pathogens, (ii) harnessing the activation state of dendritic cells to enhance adaptive T cell responses to both specific and nonrelated (bystander) antigens. This capacity of TIbV to promote responses beyond their nominal antigens may be particularly useful when conventional vaccines are not available or when multiple coinfections and/or recurrent infections arise in susceptible individuals. As the set of PRR-ligands chosen is essential not only for stimulating trained immunity but also to drive adaptive immunity, the precise design of TIbV will improve with the knowledge on the functional relationship among the different PRRs. While the TIbV concept is emerging, a number of the current anti-infectious vaccines, immunostimulants, and even vaccine adjuvants may already fall in the TIbV category. This may apply to increase immunogenicity of novel vaccine design approaches based on small molecules, like those achieved by reverse vaccinology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Sánchez-Ramón
- Department of Clinical Immunology and IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Immunology, ENT and Ophthalmology, Complutense University School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Department for Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - David Sancho
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Óscar Palomares
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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44
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Wirawan M, Fibriansah G, Marzinek JK, Lim XX, Ng TS, Sim AYL, Zhang Q, Kostyuchenko VA, Shi J, Smith SA, Verma CS, Anand G, Crowe JE, Bond PJ, Lok SM. Mechanism of Enhanced Immature Dengue Virus Attachment to Endosomal Membrane Induced by prM Antibody. Structure 2018; 27:253-267.e8. [PMID: 30471923 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) particles are released from cells in different maturation states. Fully immature DENV (immDENV) is generally non-infectious, but can become infectious when complexed with anti-precursor membrane (prM) protein antibodies. It is unknown how anti-prM antibody-coated particles can undergo membrane fusion since the prM caps the envelope (E) protein fusion loop. Here, we determined cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) maps of the immDENV:anti-prM complex at different pH values, mimicking the extracellular (pH 8.0) or endosomal (pH 5.0) environments. At pH 5.0, there are two structural classes with fewer antibodies bound than at pH 8.0. These classes may represent different maturation states. Molecular simulations, together with the measured high-affinity pr:antibody interaction (versus the weak pr:E interaction) and also the low pH cryo-EM structures, suggest how antibody:pr complex can dislodge from the E protein at low pH. This exposes the E protein fusion loop enhancing virus interaction with endosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Wirawan
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; Centre for BioImaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117557, Singapore
| | - Guntur Fibriansah
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; Centre for BioImaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117557, Singapore
| | - Jan K Marzinek
- Bioinformatics Institute, A(∗)STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 138671, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Xin Xiang Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Thiam-Seng Ng
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; Centre for BioImaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117557, Singapore
| | - Adelene Y L Sim
- Bioinformatics Institute, A(∗)STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 138671, Singapore
| | - Qian Zhang
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; Centre for BioImaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117557, Singapore
| | - Victor A Kostyuchenko
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; Centre for BioImaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117557, Singapore
| | - Jian Shi
- Centre for BioImaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117557, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Scott A Smith
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Chandra S Verma
- Bioinformatics Institute, A(∗)STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 138671, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Ganesh Anand
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - James E Crowe
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Departments of Pediatrics and Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - Peter J Bond
- Bioinformatics Institute, A(∗)STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 138671, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
| | - Shee-Mei Lok
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; Centre for BioImaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117557, Singapore.
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45
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Wurth MA, Hadadianpour A, Horvath DJ, Daniel J, Bogdan O, Goleniewska K, Pomés A, Hamilton RG, Peebles RS, Smith SA. Human IgE mAbs define variability in commercial Aspergillus extract allergen composition. JCI Insight 2018; 3:123387. [PMID: 30333320 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.123387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensitization to Aspergillus species is associated with allergic respiratory diseases. Allergen immunotherapy with nonstandardized Aspergillus extracts is commonly used as therapy in these patients. Unfortunately, no method exists to measure the relevant allergen protein content in diagnostic and therapeutic extracts. Thus, there is a critical need for Aspergillus extract standardization. We hypothesized that development of Aspergillus-specific human IgE mAbs would allow for the characterization of the relevant human allergenic epitopes among currently available commercial Aspergillus fumigatus extracts. Patients with allergic bronchopulmonary mycosis were recruited from Vanderbilt University Medical Center. IgE antibody-secreting B cells were grown and immortalized using human hybridoma techniques first described here. Twenty-six human Aspergillus-reactive IgE mAbs were used as capture and detection reagents to characterize the Aspergillus allergen content of commercial extracts. We found extreme variability in the specificity and quantity of their protein targets. Just 4 mAbs reacted with all available extracts, and only 1 of 4 extracts contained the major allergen Asp f 1. This degree of variability will almost certainly affect the efficacy of these reagents when used in diagnosis and treatment. Human IgE mAbs represent an innovative tool for the evaluation of relevant human allergenic epitopes, which may assist in future development and long-term standardization of mold extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Azadeh Hadadianpour
- Department of Medicine, and.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | | | | | - Kasia Goleniewska
- Department of Medicine, and.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Anna Pomés
- INDOOR Biotechnologies Inc., Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Robert G Hamilton
- Dermatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - R Stokes Peebles
- Department of Medicine, and.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Scott A Smith
- Department of Medicine, and.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Abstract
Arthropod-borne flaviviruses are important human pathogens that cause a diverse range of clinical conditions, including severe hemorrhagic syndromes, neurological complications and congenital malformations. Consequently, there is an urgent need to develop safe and effective vaccines, a process requiring better understanding of the immunological mechanisms involved during infection. Decades of research suggest a paradoxical role of the immune response against flaviviruses: although the immune response is crucial for the control, clearance and prevention of infection, poor clinical outcomes are commonly associated with virus-specific immunity and immunopathogenesis. This relationship is further complicated by the high homology among viruses and the implication of cross-reactive immune responses in protection and pathogenesis. This Review examines the dual role of the adaptive immune response against flaviviruses, particularly emphasizing the most recent findings regarding cross-reactive T cell and antibody responses, and the effects that these concepts have on vaccine-development endeavors.
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47
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Lu J, Wang R, Xia B, Yu Y, Zhou X, Yang Z, Huang P. Potent Neutralization Ability of a Human Monoclonal Antibody Against Serotype 1 Dengue Virus. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1214. [PMID: 29928270 PMCID: PMC5997965 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of dengue virus (DENV) infections has been escalating in tropical and subtropical countries, but there are still no effective therapeutic options. In the present study, a DENV-1-specific human monoclonal antibody (HMAb), 1G5, isolated from single plasma cells obtained from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of dengue patients was found to have potent neutralization activity against serotype 1 DENV (DENV-1). Its neutralization activity against DENV-2 was not as strong, and it was almost absent for DENV-3 and DENV-4. The results showed that HMAb 1G5 only binds to the envelop protein of intact DENV-1 or the envelop protein under unheated and non-reducing conditions, and that it does not bind to recombinant envelope protein. This could mean that the antibody recognizes a conformational epitope of the envelope protein. Further, the findings showed that HMAb 1G5 potently neutralizes DENV-1 in both the pre- and post-attachment phases of the virus at low concentrations. In vivo studies showed that HMAb 1G5 provides protection from DENV-1 infection in a murine model. In addition, antibody-dependent enhancement that occurs at lower doses of the antibody was completely abrogated by the introduction of Leu-to-Ala mutations (1G5-LALA) or deletion of nine amino acids (1G5-9del) in the Fc region. Therefore, HMAb 1G5 shows promise as a safe and effective agent for prophylactic and therapeutic treatment of DENV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiansheng Lu
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Binghui Xia
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Yunzhou Yu
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhou
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhixin Yang
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Peitang Huang
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
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48
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Crowe JE. Principles of Broad and Potent Antiviral Human Antibodies: Insights for Vaccine Design. Cell Host Microbe 2018; 22:193-206. [PMID: 28799905 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2017.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Antibodies are the principal immune effectors that mediate protection against reinfection following viral infection or vaccination. Robust techniques for human mAb isolation have been developed in the last decade. The study of human mAbs isolated from subjects with prior immunity has become a mainstay for rational structure-based, next-generation vaccine development. The plethora of detailed molecular and genetic studies coupling the structure of antigen-antibody complexes with their antiviral function has begun to reveal common principles of critical interactions on which we can build better vaccines and therapeutic antibodies. This review outlines the approaches to isolating and studying human antiviral mAbs and discusses the common principles underlying the basis for their activity. This review also examines progress toward the goal of achieving a comprehensive understanding of the chemical and physical basis for molecular recognition of viral surface proteins in order to build predictive molecular models that can be used for vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Crowe
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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49
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Immune Responses to Dengue and Zika Viruses-Guidance for T Cell Vaccine Development. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15020385. [PMID: 29473899 PMCID: PMC5858454 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15020385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Despite numerous efforts to identify the molecular and cellular effectors of the adaptive immunity that induce a long-lasting immunity against dengue or Zika virus infection, the specific mechanisms underlying such protective immunity remain largely unknown. One of the major challenges lies in the high level of dengue virus (DENV) seroprevalence in areas where Zika virus (ZIKV) is circulating. In the context of such a pre-existing DENV immunity that can exacerbate ZIKV infection and disease, and given the lack of appropriate treatment for ZIKV infection, there is an urgent need to develop an efficient vaccine against DENV and ZIKV. Notably, whereas several ZIKV vaccine candidates are currently in clinical trials, all these vaccine candidates have been designed to induce neutralizing antibodies as the primary mechanism of immune protection. Given the difficulty to elicit simultaneously high levels of neutralizing antibodies against the different DENV serotypes, and the potential impact of pre-existing subneutralizing antibodies induced upon DENV infection or vaccination on ZIKV infection and disease, additional or alternative strategies to enhance vaccine efficacy, through T cell immunity, are now being considered. In this review, we summarize recent discoveries about cross-reactive B and T cell responses against DENV and ZIKV and propose guidelines for the development of safe and efficient T cell vaccines targeting both viruses.
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50
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Rey FA, Stiasny K, Vaney MC, Dellarole M, Heinz FX. The bright and the dark side of human antibody responses to flaviviruses: lessons for vaccine design. EMBO Rep 2018; 19:206-224. [PMID: 29282215 PMCID: PMC5797954 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201745302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika and dengue viruses belong to the Flavivirus genus, a close group of antigenically related viruses that cause significant arthropod-transmitted diseases throughout the globe. Although infection by a given flavivirus is thought to confer lifelong protection, some of the patient's antibodies cross-react with other flaviviruses without cross-neutralizing. The original antigenic sin phenomenon may amplify such antibodies upon subsequent heterologous flavivirus infection, potentially aggravating disease by antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE). The most striking example is provided by the four different dengue viruses, where infection by one serotype appears to predispose to more severe disease upon infection by a second one. A similar effect was postulated for sequential infections with Zika and dengue viruses. In this review, we analyze the molecular determinants of the dual antibody response to flavivirus infection or vaccination in humans. We highlight the role of conserved partially cryptic epitopes giving rise to cross-reacting and poorly neutralizing, ADE-prone antibodies. We end by proposing a strategy for developing an epitope-focused vaccine approach to avoid eliciting undesirable antibodies while focusing the immune system on producing protective antibodies only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félix A Rey
- Structural Virology Unit, Virology Department, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 3569, Paris, France
| | - Karin Stiasny
- Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marie-Christine Vaney
- Structural Virology Unit, Virology Department, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 3569, Paris, France
| | - Mariano Dellarole
- Structural Virology Unit, Virology Department, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 3569, Paris, France
| | - Franz X Heinz
- Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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