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Choi D, Jang SJ, Choi S, Park S, Kim WK, Lee G, Lee C, Ko G. Oral Administration of Limosilactobacillus reuteri KBL346 Ameliorates Influenza Virus A/PR8 Infection in Mouse. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024:10.1007/s12602-024-10301-8. [PMID: 38949757 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-024-10301-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Influenza virus infection is an important public-health concern because of its high transmissibility and potential for severe complications. To mitigate the severity and complications of influenza, probiotics containing Lactobacillus are used and generally recognized as safe. We evaluated the anti-influenza effect of Limosilactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri) KBL346, isolated from the fecel sample of healthy South Koreans, in mice. BALB/c mice were orally administered live and heat-inactivated L. reuteri KBL346. After infection with influenza virus (A/Puerto Rico/8/34) 0.5 times the 50% lethal dose (LD50), body weight loss was improved and recovery was accelerated. Furthermore, L. reuteri KBL346 improved body weight loss and survival rate of mice infected with 4 times the LD50 of influenza virus. Heat-inactivated L. reuteri KBL346 reduced the viral titer in the lung and the plasma immunoglobulin G level. Expression levels of genes encoding inflammatory cytokines, such as interferon-γ and toll-like receptor 2 (Tlr2), were decreased in the lung tissues of mice administered L. reuteri KBL346. Live and heat-inactivated L. reuteri KBL346 increased the expression level of Adamts4, which promotes recovery after infection, and decreased that of Tlr2. The α-diversity of the gut microbiome was modulated by the administration of L. reuteri KBL346. In addition, the structure of the gut microbial community differed according to the degree of weight loss. L. reuteri KBL346 has the potential to alleviate disease severity and improve histopathological changes in mice infected with influenza A/PR8, suggesting its efficacy as a probiotic against influenza infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doseon Choi
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Jae Jang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- KoBioLabs, Inc, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sueun Choi
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - SungJun Park
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- KoBioLabs, Inc, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- N-Bio, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woon-Ki Kim
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Giljae Lee
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheonghoon Lee
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - GwangPyo Ko
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- KoBioLabs, Inc, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- N-Bio, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Liu Y, Luo Z. Repurposing Anticancer Drugs Targeting the MAPK/ERK Signaling Pathway for the Treatment of Respiratory Virus Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6946. [PMID: 39000055 PMCID: PMC11240997 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25136946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Respiratory virus infections remain a significant challenge to human health and the social economy. The symptoms range from mild rhinitis and nasal congestion to severe lower respiratory tract dysfunction and even mortality. The efficacy of therapeutic drugs targeting respiratory viruses varies, depending upon infection time and the drug resistance engendered by a high frequency of viral genome mutations, necessitating the development of new strategies. The MAPK/ERK pathway that was well delineated in the 1980s represents a classical signaling cascade, essential for cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation. Since this pathway is constitutively activated in many cancers by oncogenes, several drugs inhibiting Raf/MEK/ERK have been developed and currently used in anticancer treatment. Two decades ago, it was reported that viruses such as HIV and influenza viruses could exploit the host cellular MAPK/ERK pathway for their replication. Thus, it would be feasible to repurpose this category of the pathway inhibitors for the treatment of respiratory viral infections. The advantage is that the host genes are not easy to mutate such that the drug resistance rarely occurs during short-period treatment of viruses. Therefore, in this review we will summarize the research progress on the role of the MAPK/ERK pathway in respiratory virus amplification and discuss the potential of the pathway inhibitors (MEK inhibitors) in the treatment of respiratory viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Liu
- Medical Department, Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Zhijun Luo
- Medical Department, Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
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3
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Boncheva I, Poudrier J, Falcone EL. Role of the intestinal microbiota in host defense against respiratory viral infections. Curr Opin Virol 2024; 66:101410. [PMID: 38718575 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2024.101410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Viral infections, including those affecting the respiratory tract, can alter the composition of the intestinal microbiota, which, in turn, can significantly influence both innate and adaptive immune responses, resulting in either enhanced pathogen clearance or exacerbation of the infection, possibly leading to inflammatory complications. A deeper understanding of the interplay between the intestinal microbiota and host immune responses in the context of respiratory viral infections (i.e. the gut-lung axis) is necessary to develop new treatments. This review highlights key mechanisms by which the intestinal microbiota, including its metabolites, can act locally or at distant organs to combat respiratory viruses. Therapeutics aimed at harnessing the microbiota to prevent and/or help treat respiratory viral infections represent a promising avenue for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idia Boncheva
- Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Infectious Diseases, Montreal Clinical Research Institute/Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Johanne Poudrier
- Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Infectious Diseases, Montreal Clinical Research Institute/Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Emilia L Falcone
- Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Infectious Diseases, Montreal Clinical Research Institute/Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Jian C, Sorensen N, Lutter R, Albers R, de Vos W, Salonen A, Mercenier A. The impact of daily supplementation with rhamnogalacturonan-I on the gut microbiota in healthy adults: A randomized controlled trial. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116561. [PMID: 38593705 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Pectin and its derivatives have been shown to modulate immune signaling as well as gut microbiota in preclinical studies, which may constitute the mechanisms by which supplementation of specific pectic polysaccharides confers protection against viral respiratory infections. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled rhinovirus (RV16) challenge study, healthy volunteers were randomized to consume placebo (0.0 g/day) (N = 46), low-dose (0.3 g/day) (N = 49) or high-dose (1.5 g/day) (N = 51) of carrot derived rhamnogalacturonan-I (cRG-I) for eight weeks and they were subsequently challenged with RV-16. Here, the effect of 8-week cRG-I supplementation on the gut microbiota was studied. While the overall gut microbiota composition in the population was generally unaltered by this very low dose of fibre, the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium spp. (mainly B. adolescentis and B. longum) was significantly increased by both doses of cRG-1. Moreover, daily supplementation of cRG-I led to a dose-dependent reduction in inter- and intra-individual microbiota heterogeneity, suggesting a stabilizing effect on the gut microbiota. The severity of respiratory symptoms did not directly correlate with the cRG-I-induced microbial changes, but several dominant groups of the Ruminococcaceae family and microbiota richness were positively associated with a reduced and hence desired post-infection response. Thus, the present results on the modulation of the gut microbiota composition support the previously demonstrated immunomodulatory and protective effect of cRG-I during a common cold infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching Jian
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland.
| | | | - René Lutter
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Experimental Immunology, University of Amsterdam and Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, the Netherlands
| | | | - Willem de Vos
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne Salonen
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland.
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5
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Zhang S, Li B, Zeng L, Yang K, Jiang J, Lu F, Li L, Li W. Exploring the immune-inflammatory mechanism of Maxing Shigan Decoction in treating influenza virus A-induced pneumonia based on an integrated strategy of single-cell transcriptomics and systems biology. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:234. [PMID: 38622728 PMCID: PMC11017673 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-024-01777-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza is an acute respiratory infection caused by influenza virus. Maxing Shigan Decoction (MXSGD) is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine prescription for the prevention and treatment of influenza. However, its mechanism remains unclear. METHOD The mice model of influenza A virus pneumonia was established by nasal inoculation. After 3 days of intervention, the lung index was calculated, and the pathological changes of lung tissue were detected by HE staining. Firstly, transcriptomics technology was used to analyze the differential genes and important pathways in mouse lung tissue regulated by MXSGD. Then, real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (RT-PCR) was used to verify the changes in mRNA expression in lung tissues. Finally, intestinal microbiome and intestinal metabolomics were performed to explore the effect of MXSGD on gut microbiota. RESULTS The lung inflammatory cell infiltration in the MXSGD group was significantly reduced (p < 0.05). The results of bioinformatics analysis for transcriptomics results show that these genes are mainly involved in inflammatory factors and inflammation-related signal pathways mediated inflammation biological modules, etc. Intestinal microbiome showed that the intestinal flora Actinobacteriota level and Desulfobacterota level increased in MXSGD group, while Planctomycetota in MXSGD group decreased. Metabolites were mainly involved in primary bile acid biosynthesis, thiamine metabolism, etc. This suggests that MXSGD has a microbial-gut-lung axis regulation effect on mice with influenza A virus pneumonia. CONCLUSION MXSGD may play an anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory role by regulating intestinal microbiome and intestinal metabolic small molecules, and ultimately play a role in the treatment of influenza A virus pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiying Zhang
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bei Li
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liuting Zeng
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Kailin Yang
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Junyao Jiang
- School of Life Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fangguo Lu
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ling Li
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Weiqing Li
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China.
- Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
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6
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Marrella V, Nicchiotti F, Cassani B. Microbiota and Immunity during Respiratory Infections: Lung and Gut Affair. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4051. [PMID: 38612860 PMCID: PMC11012346 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25074051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacterial and viral respiratory tract infections are the most common infectious diseases, leading to worldwide morbidity and mortality. In the past 10 years, the importance of lung microbiota emerged in the context of pulmonary diseases, although the mechanisms by which it impacts the intestinal environment have not yet been fully identified. On the contrary, gut microbial dysbiosis is associated with disease etiology or/and development in the lung. In this review, we present an overview of the lung microbiome modifications occurring during respiratory infections, namely, reduced community diversity and increased microbial burden, and of the downstream consequences on host-pathogen interaction, inflammatory signals, and cytokines production, in turn affecting the disease progression and outcome. Particularly, we focus on the role of the gut-lung bidirectional communication in shaping inflammation and immunity in this context, resuming both animal and human studies. Moreover, we discuss the challenges and possibilities related to novel microbial-based (probiotics and dietary supplementation) and microbial-targeted therapies (antibacterial monoclonal antibodies and bacteriophages), aimed to remodel the composition of resident microbial communities and restore health. Finally, we propose an outlook of some relevant questions in the field to be answered with future research, which may have translational relevance for the prevention and control of respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Marrella
- UOS Milan Unit, Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), CNR, 20138 Milan, Italy;
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Nicchiotti
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20089 Milan, Italy;
| | - Barbara Cassani
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Milan, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20089 Milan, Italy;
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Wang Z, Cuthbertson LF, Thomas C, Sallah HJ, Mosscrop LG, Li H, Talts T, Kumar K, Moffatt MF, Tregoning JS. IL-1α is required for T cell-driven weight loss after respiratory viral infection. Mucosal Immunol 2024; 17:272-287. [PMID: 38382577 PMCID: PMC11009121 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2024.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Respiratory viral infections remain a major cause of hospitalization and death worldwide. Patients with respiratory infections often lose weight. While acute weight loss is speculated to be a tolerance mechanism to limit pathogen growth, severe weight loss following infection can cause quality of life deterioration. Despite the clinical relevance of respiratory infection-induced weight loss, its mechanism is not yet completely understood. We utilized a model of CD 8+ T cell-driven weight loss during respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection to dissect the immune regulation of post-infection weight loss. Supporting previous data, bulk RNA sequencing indicated significant enrichment of the interleukin (IL)-1 signaling pathway after RSV infection. Despite increased viral load, infection-associated weight loss was significantly reduced after IL-1α (but not IL-1β) blockade. IL-1α depletion resulted in a reversal of the gut microbiota changes observed following RSV infection. Direct nasal instillation of IL-1α also caused weight loss. Of note, we detected IL-1α in the brain after either infection or nasal delivery. This was associated with changes in genes controlling appetite after RSV infection and corresponding changes in signaling molecules such as leptin and growth/differentiation factor 15. Together, these findings indicate a lung-brain-gut signaling axis for IL-1α in regulating weight loss after RSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyin Wang
- Department of Infectious Disease, St. Mary's Campus, Imperial College London, UK
| | | | - Chubicka Thomas
- Department of Infectious Disease, St. Mary's Campus, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Hadijatou J Sallah
- Department of Infectious Disease, St. Mary's Campus, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Lucy G Mosscrop
- Department of Infectious Disease, St. Mary's Campus, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Haoyuan Li
- Department of Infectious Disease, St. Mary's Campus, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Tiina Talts
- Virus Reference Department, Public Health Microbiology, United Kingdom Health Security Agency, London, UK
| | - Kartik Kumar
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK
| | | | - John S Tregoning
- Department of Infectious Disease, St. Mary's Campus, Imperial College London, UK.
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Giovanetti M, Pannella G, Altomare A, Rocchi G, Guarino M, Ciccozzi M, Riva E, Gherardi G. Exploring the Interplay between COVID-19 and Gut Health: The Potential Role of Prebiotics and Probiotics in Immune Support. Viruses 2024; 16:370. [PMID: 38543736 PMCID: PMC10975078 DOI: 10.3390/v16030370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly impacted global health, leading to extensive research focused on developing strategies to enhance outbreak response and mitigate the disease's severity. In the aftermath of the pandemic, attention has shifted towards understanding and addressing long-term health implications, particularly in individuals experiencing persistent symptoms, known as long COVID. Research into potential interventions to alleviate long COVID symptoms has intensified, with a focus on strategies to support immune function and mitigate inflammation. One area of interest is the gut microbiota, which plays a crucial role in regulating immune responses and maintaining overall health. Prebiotics and probiotics, known for their ability to modulate the gut microbiota, have emerged as potential therapeutic agents in bolstering immune function and reducing inflammation. This review delves into the intricate relationship between long COVID, the gut microbiota, and immune function, with a specific focus on the role of prebiotics and probiotics. We examine the immune response to long COVID, emphasizing the importance of inflammation and immune regulation in the persistence of symptoms. The potential of probiotics in modulating immune responses, including their mechanisms in combating viral infections such as COVID-19, is discussed in detail. Clinical evidence supporting the use of probiotics in managing long COVID symptoms is summarized, highlighting their role as adjunctive therapy in addressing various aspects of SARS-CoV-2 infection and its aftermath.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Giovanetti
- Sciences and Technologies for Sustainable Development and One Health, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Roma, Italy; (G.P.); (A.A.)
- Climate Amplified Diseases and Epidemics (CLIMADE), Brasilia 70070-130, Brazil
- Instituto Rene Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte 30190-002, Brazil
| | - Gianfranco Pannella
- Sciences and Technologies for Sustainable Development and One Health, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Roma, Italy; (G.P.); (A.A.)
- Department of Agricultural, Enviromental and Food Science, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Annamaria Altomare
- Sciences and Technologies for Sustainable Development and One Health, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Roma, Italy; (G.P.); (A.A.)
- Research Unit of Gastroenterology, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy; (G.R.); (M.G.)
| | - Giulia Rocchi
- Research Unit of Gastroenterology, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy; (G.R.); (M.G.)
| | - Michele Guarino
- Research Unit of Gastroenterology, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy; (G.R.); (M.G.)
- Operative Research Unit of Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Ciccozzi
- Unit of Medical Statistics and Molecular Epidemiology, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, 00128 Roma, Italy;
| | - Elisabetta Riva
- Unit of Virology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Rome, Italy;
- Applied Bacteriological Sciences Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Gherardi
- Applied Bacteriological Sciences Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy
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Sepúlveda-Alfaro J, Catalán EA, Vallejos OP, Ramos-Tapia I, Madrid-Muñoz C, Mendoza-León MJ, Suazo ID, Rivera-Asin E, Silva PH, Alvarez-Mardones O, Castillo-Godoy DP, Riedel CA, Schinnerling K, Ugalde JA, Soto JA, Bueno SM, Kalergis AM, Melo-Gonzalez F. Human metapneumovirus respiratory infection affects both innate and adaptive intestinal immunity. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1330209. [PMID: 38404579 PMCID: PMC10884822 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1330209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Respiratory infections are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, mainly in children, immunocompromised people, and the elderly. Several respiratory viruses can induce intestinal inflammation and alterations in intestinal microbiota composition. Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is one of the major respiratory viruses contributing to infant mortality in children under 5 years of age worldwide, and the effect of this infection at the gut level has not been studied. Methods Here, we evaluated the distal effects of HMPV infection on intestinal microbiota and inflammation in a murine model, analyzing several post-infection times (days 1, 3, and 5). Six to eight-week-old C57BL/6 mice were infected intranasally with HMPV, and mice inoculated with a non-infectious supernatant (Mock) were used as a control group. Results We did not detect HMPV viral load in the intestine, but we observed significant changes in the transcription of IFN-γ in the colon, analyzed by qPCR, at day 1 post-infection as compared to the control group. Furthermore, we analyzed the frequencies of different innate and adaptive immune cells in the colonic lamina propria, using flow cytometry. The frequency of monocyte populations was altered in the colon of HMPV -infected mice at days 1 and 3, with no significant difference from control mice at day 5 post-infection. Moreover, colonic CD8+ T cells and memory precursor effector CD8+ T cells were significantly increased in HMPV-infected mice at day 5, suggesting that HMPV may also alter intestinal adaptive immunity. Additionally, we did not find alterations in antimicrobial peptide expression, the frequency of colonic IgA+ plasma cells, and levels of fecal IgA. Some minor alterations in the fecal microbiota composition of HMPV -infected mice were detected using 16s rRNA sequencing. However, no significant differences were found in β-diversity and relative abundance at the genus level. Discussion To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the alterations in intestinal immunity following respiratory infection with HMPV infection. These effects do not seem to be mediated by direct viral infection in the intestinal tract. Our results indicate that HMPV can affect colonic innate and adaptive immunity but does not significantly alter the microbiota composition, and further research is required to understand the mechanisms inducing these distal effects in the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javiera Sepúlveda-Alfaro
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eduardo A. Catalán
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Omar P. Vallejos
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ignacio Ramos-Tapia
- Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - María J. Mendoza-León
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Isidora D. Suazo
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Elizabeth Rivera-Asin
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pedro H. Silva
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Oscar Alvarez-Mardones
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Claudia A. Riedel
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Juan A. Ugalde
- Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge A. Soto
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Susan M. Bueno
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexis M. Kalergis
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Melo-Gonzalez
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
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10
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Robas M, Presa J, Arranz-Herrero J, Yildiz S, Rius-Rocabert S, Llinares-Pinel F, Probanza A, Schmolke M, Jiménez PA, Nistal-Villan E. Influenza A virus infection alters the resistance profile of gut microbiota to clinically relevant antibiotics. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0363522. [PMID: 38051056 PMCID: PMC10783141 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03635-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Influenza virus infection affects both lung and intestinal bacterial community composition. Most of the published analyses focus on the characterization of the microbiota composition changes. Here we assess functional alterations of gut microbiota such as nutrient and antibiotic resistance changes during an acute respiratory tract infection. Upon influenza A virus (IAV) infection, cecal microbiota drops accompanied by a decrease in the ability to metabolize some common nutrients under aerobic conditions. At the same time, the cecal community presents an increase in resistance against clinically relevant antibiotics, particularly cephalosporins. Functional characterization of complex communities presents an additional and necessary element of analysis that nowadays is mainly limited to taxonomic description. The consequences of these functional alterations could affect treatment strategies, especially in multimicrobial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Robas
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences School of Pharmacy, Microbiology Section, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Presa
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences School of Pharmacy, Microbiology Section, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Arranz-Herrero
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences School of Pharmacy, Microbiology Section, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA), Universidad San Pablo-CEU, Madrid, Spain
| | - Soner Yildiz
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sergio Rius-Rocabert
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences School of Pharmacy, Microbiology Section, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA), Universidad San Pablo-CEU, Madrid, Spain
- CEMBIO (Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Llinares-Pinel
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences School of Pharmacy, Microbiology Section, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, Madrid, Spain
| | - Agustin Probanza
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences School of Pharmacy, Microbiology Section, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mirco Schmolke
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Geneva Center of Inflammation Research, Medical Faculty, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pedro A. Jiménez
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences School of Pharmacy, Microbiology Section, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, Madrid, Spain
| | - Estanislao Nistal-Villan
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences School of Pharmacy, Microbiology Section, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, Madrid, Spain
- CEMBIO (Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, Madrid, Spain
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11
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Chen H, Wang J, Ding K, Xu J, Yang Y, Tang C, Zhou Y, Yu W, Wang H, Huang Q, Li B, Kuang D, Wu D, Luo Z, Gao J, Zhao Y, Liu J, Peng X, Lu S, Liu H. Gastrointestinal microbiota and metabolites possibly contribute to distinct pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 proto or its variants in rhesus monkeys. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2334970. [PMID: 38563680 PMCID: PMC10989708 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2334970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) infection is evidenced with involvement in COVID-19 pathogenesis caused by SARS-CoV-2. However, the correlation between GI microbiota and the distinct pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 Proto and its emerging variants remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to determine if GI microbiota impacted COVID-19 pathogenesis and if the effect varied between SARS-CoV-2 Proto and its variants. We performed an integrative analysis of histopathology, microbiomics, and transcriptomics on the GI tract fragments from rhesus monkeys infected with SARS-CoV-2 proto or its variants. Based on the degree of pathological damage and microbiota profile in the GI tract, five of SARS-CoV-2 strains were classified into two distinct clusters, namely, the clusters of Alpha, Beta and Delta (ABD), and Proto and Omicron (PO). Notably, the abundance of potentially pathogenic microorganisms increased in ABD but not in the PO-infected rhesus monkeys. Specifically, the high abundance of UCG-002, UCG-005, and Treponema in ABD virus-infected animals positively correlated with interleukin, integrins, and antiviral genes. Overall, this study revealed that infection-induced alteration of GI microbiota and metabolites could increase the systemic burdens of inflammation or pathological injury in infected animals, especially in those infected with ABD viruses. Distinct GI microbiota and metabolite profiles may be responsible for the differential pathological phenotypes of PO and ABD virus-infected animals. These findings improve our understanding the roles of the GI microbiota in SARS-CoV-2 infection and provide important information for the precise prevention, control, and treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Chen
- Institute of Medical biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical School (IMBCAMS & PUMC), Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Junbin Wang
- Institute of Medical biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical School (IMBCAMS & PUMC), Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Kaiyun Ding
- Institute of Medical biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical School (IMBCAMS & PUMC), Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jingwen Xu
- Institute of Medical biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical School (IMBCAMS & PUMC), Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yun Yang
- Institute of Medical biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical School (IMBCAMS & PUMC), Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Cong Tang
- Institute of Medical biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical School (IMBCAMS & PUMC), Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yanan Zhou
- Institute of Medical biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical School (IMBCAMS & PUMC), Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Wenhai Yu
- Institute of Medical biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical School (IMBCAMS & PUMC), Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Haixuan Wang
- Institute of Medical biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical School (IMBCAMS & PUMC), Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Qing Huang
- Institute of Medical biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical School (IMBCAMS & PUMC), Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Bai Li
- Institute of Medical biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical School (IMBCAMS & PUMC), Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Dexuan Kuang
- Institute of Medical biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical School (IMBCAMS & PUMC), Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Daoju Wu
- Institute of Medical biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical School (IMBCAMS & PUMC), Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhiwu Luo
- Institute of Medical biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical School (IMBCAMS & PUMC), Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jiahong Gao
- Institute of Medical biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical School (IMBCAMS & PUMC), Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- Institute of Medical biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical School (IMBCAMS & PUMC), Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jiansheng Liu
- Institute of Medical biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical School (IMBCAMS & PUMC), Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaozhong Peng
- Institute of Medical biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical School (IMBCAMS & PUMC), Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, IMBCAMS & PUMC, Beijing, China
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, IMBCAMS & PUMC, Beijing, China
| | - Shuaiyao Lu
- Institute of Medical biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical School (IMBCAMS & PUMC), Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Hongqi Liu
- Institute of Medical biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical School (IMBCAMS & PUMC), Kunming, Yunnan, China
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12
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Lin TL, Kuo YL, Lai JH, Lu CC, Yuan CT, Hsu CY, Yan BS, Wu LSH, Wu TS, Wang JY, Yu CJ, Lai HC, Shu JC, Shu CC. Gut microbiota dysbiosis-related susceptibility to nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2361490. [PMID: 38860456 PMCID: PMC11174134 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2361490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The role of gut microbiota in host defense against nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease (NTM-LD) was poorly understood. Here, we showed significant gut microbiota dysbiosis in patients with NTM-LD. Reduced abundance of Prevotella copri was significantly associated with NTM-LD and its disease severity. Compromised TLR2 activation activity in feces and plasma in the NTM-LD patients was highlighted. In the antibiotics-treated mice as a study model, gut microbiota dysbiosis with reduction of TLR2 activation activity in feces, sera, and lung tissue occurred. Transcriptomic analysis demonstrated immunocompromised in lung which were closely associated with increased NTM-LD susceptibility. Oral administration of P. copri or its capsular polysaccharides enhanced TLR2 signaling, restored immune response, and ameliorated NTM-LD susceptibility. Our data highlighted the association of gut microbiota dysbiosis, systematically compromised immunity and NTM-LD development. TLR2 activation by P. copri or its capsular polysaccharides might help prevent NTM-LD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Lung Lin
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Microbiota Research Center and Emerging Viral Infections Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- REVIVEBIO CO, Taipei city, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Liang Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Juo-Hsin Lai
- Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chen Lu
- REVIVEBIO CO, Taipei city, Taiwan
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Tsu Yuan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yu Hsu
- Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Shiun Yan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Lawrence Shih-Hsin Wu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Shu Wu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University School of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jann-Yuan Wang
- Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chong-Jen Yu
- Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chih Lai
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Microbiota Research Center and Emerging Viral Infections Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- REVIVEBIO CO, Taipei city, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jwu-Ching Shu
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chung Shu
- Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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13
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Heumel S, de Rezende Rodovalho V, Urien C, Specque F, Brito Rodrigues P, Robil C, Delval L, Sencio V, Descat A, Deruyter L, Ferreira S, Gomes Machado M, Barthelemy A, Angulo FS, Haas JT, Goosens JF, Wolowczuk I, Grangette C, Rouillé Y, Grimaud G, Lenski M, Hennart B, Ramirez Vinolo MA, Trottein F. Shotgun metagenomics and systemic targeted metabolomics highlight indole-3-propionic acid as a protective gut microbial metabolite against influenza infection. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2325067. [PMID: 38445660 PMCID: PMC10936607 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2325067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut-to-lung axis is critical during respiratory infections, including influenza A virus (IAV) infection. In the present study, we used high-resolution shotgun metagenomics and targeted metabolomic analysis to characterize influenza-associated changes in the composition and metabolism of the mouse gut microbiota. We observed several taxonomic-level changes on day (D)7 post-infection, including a marked reduction in the abundance of members of the Lactobacillaceae and Bifidobacteriaceae families, and an increase in the abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila. On D14, perturbation persisted in some species. Functional scale analysis of metagenomic data revealed transient changes in several metabolic pathways, particularly those leading to the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), polyamines, and tryptophan metabolites. Quantitative targeted metabolomics analysis of the serum revealed changes in specific classes of gut microbiota metabolites, including SCFAs, trimethylamine, polyamines, and indole-containing tryptophan metabolites. A marked decrease in indole-3-propionic acid (IPA) blood level was observed on D7. Changes in microbiota-associated metabolites correlated with changes in taxon abundance and disease marker levels. In particular, IPA was positively correlated with some Lactobacillaceae and Bifidobacteriaceae species (Limosilactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus animalis) and negatively correlated with Bacteroidales bacterium M7, viral load, and inflammation markers. IPA supplementation in diseased animals reduced viral load and lowered local (lung) and systemic inflammation. Treatment of mice with antibiotics targeting IPA-producing bacteria before infection enhanced viral load and lung inflammation, an effect inhibited by IPA supplementation. The results of this integrated metagenomic-metabolomic analysis highlighted IPA as an important contributor to influenza outcomes and a potential biomarker of disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Séverine Heumel
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 – UMR 9017 – CIIL – Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | | | | | - Florian Specque
- Biomathematica, Rue des Aloes, Quartier Balestrino, Ajaccio, France
| | - Patrícia Brito Rodrigues
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 – UMR 9017 – CIIL – Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
- Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Cyril Robil
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 – UMR 9017 – CIIL – Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Lou Delval
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 – UMR 9017 – CIIL – Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Valentin Sencio
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 – UMR 9017 – CIIL – Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Amandine Descat
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, EA 7365 – GRITA – Groupe de Recherche sur les formes Injectables et les Technologies Associées, Lille, France
| | - Lucie Deruyter
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 – UMR 9017 – CIIL – Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | | | - Marina Gomes Machado
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 – UMR 9017 – CIIL – Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Adeline Barthelemy
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 – UMR 9017 – CIIL – Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Fabiola Silva Angulo
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 – UMR 9017 – CIIL – Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Joel. T Haas
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Jean François Goosens
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, EA 7365 – GRITA – Groupe de Recherche sur les formes Injectables et les Technologies Associées, Lille, France
| | - Isabelle Wolowczuk
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 – UMR 9017 – CIIL – Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Corinne Grangette
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 – UMR 9017 – CIIL – Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Yves Rouillé
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 – UMR 9017 – CIIL – Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Ghjuvan Grimaud
- Biomathematica, Rue des Aloes, Quartier Balestrino, Ajaccio, France
| | - Marie Lenski
- Univ. Lrille, CHU Lille, Service de toxicologie et Génopathies, ULR 4483 – IMPECS – IMPact de l’Environnement Chimique sur la Santé humaine, Lille, France
| | - Benjamin Hennart
- Univ. Lrille, CHU Lille, Service de toxicologie et Génopathies, ULR 4483 – IMPECS – IMPact de l’Environnement Chimique sur la Santé humaine, Lille, France
| | | | - François Trottein
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 – UMR 9017 – CIIL – Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
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14
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Stumpff JP, Kim SY, McFadden MI, Nishida A, Shirazi R, Steuerman Y, Gat-Viks I, Forero A, Nair MG, Morrison J. Pleural macrophages translocate to the lung during infection to promote improved influenza outcomes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2300474120. [PMID: 38100417 PMCID: PMC10743374 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2300474120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Seasonal influenza results in 3 to 5 million cases of severe disease and 250,000 to 500,000 deaths annually. Macrophages have been implicated in both the resolution and progression of the disease, but the drivers of these outcomes are poorly understood. We probed mouse lung transcriptomic datasets using the Digital Cell Quantifier algorithm to predict immune cell subsets that correlated with mild or severe influenza A virus (IAV) infection outcomes. We identified a unique lung macrophage population that transcriptionally resembled small serosal cavity macrophages and whose presence correlated with mild disease. Until now, the study of serosal macrophage translocation in the context of viral infections has been neglected. Here, we show that pleural macrophages (PMs) migrate from the pleural cavity to the lung after infection with IAV. We found that the depletion of PMs increased morbidity and pulmonary inflammation. There were increased proinflammatory cytokines in the pleural cavity and an influx of neutrophils within the lung. Our results show that PMs are recruited to the lung during IAV infection and contribute to recovery from influenza. This study expands our knowledge of PM plasticity and identifies a source of lung macrophages independent of monocyte recruitment and local proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P. Stumpff
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, CA92521
| | - Sang Yong Kim
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA92521
| | - Matthew I. McFadden
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH43210
- Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH43210
| | - Andrew Nishida
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98109
| | - Roksana Shirazi
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, CA92521
| | - Yael Steuerman
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv6997801, Israel
| | - Irit Gat-Viks
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv6997801, Israel
| | - Adriana Forero
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH43210
- Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH43210
| | - Meera G. Nair
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA92521
| | - Juliet Morrison
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, CA92521
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15
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Xiao Z, Pan M, Li X, Zhao C. Impact of SARS-CoV2 infection on gut microbiota dysbiosis. MICROBIOME RESEARCH REPORTS 2023; 3:7. [PMID: 38455085 PMCID: PMC10917619 DOI: 10.20517/mrr.2023.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
The composition and function of the gut microbiota constantly influence health. Disruptions in this delicate balance, termed gut microbiota dysbiosis, have been implicated in various adverse health events. As the largest global epidemic since 1918, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) had devastating consequences. While the primary impact of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been on the respiratory system, a growing body of research has unveiled the significant involvement of the gastrointestinal tract as well. Emerging evidence underscores notable alterations in the gut microbiome of COVID-19 patients. In addition, the gut microbiome is also characterized by an abundance of opportunistic pathogens, which is related to disease manifestations of COVID-19 patients. The intricate bidirectional interaction between the respiratory mucosa and the gut microbiota, known as the gut-lung axis, emerges as a crucial player in the pathological immune response triggered by SARS-CoV-2. Here, we discuss microbiota-based gut characteristics of COVID-19 patients and the long-term consequences of gut microbiota dysregulation. These insights could potentially transform the development of long-term interventions for COVID-19, offering hope for improved outcomes and enhanced patient recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenming Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College & National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Miaomiao Pan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College & National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xinyao Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College & National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College & National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microbes and Infection, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center, Shanghai 200032, China
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16
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Batista KS, de Albuquerque JG, de Vasconcelos MHA, Bezerra MLR, da Silva Barbalho MB, Pinheiro RO, Aquino JDS. Probiotics and prebiotics: potential prevention and therapeutic target for nutritional management of COVID-19? Nutr Res Rev 2023; 36:181-198. [PMID: 34668465 PMCID: PMC8593414 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422421000317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Scientists are working to identify prevention/treatment methods and clinical outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Nutritional status and diet have a major impact on the COVID-19 disease process, mainly because of the bidirectional interaction between gut microbiota and lung, that is, the gut-lung axis. Individuals with inadequate nutritional status have a pre-existing imbalance in the gut microbiota and immunity as seen in obesity, diabetes, hypertension and other chronic diseases. Communication between the gut microbiota and lungs or other organs and systems may trigger worse clinical outcomes in viral respiratory infections. Thus, this review addresses new insights into the use of probiotics and prebiotics as a preventive nutritional strategy in managing respiratory infections such as COVID-19 and highlighting their anti-inflammatory effects against the main signs and symptoms associated with COVID-19. Literature search was performed through PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus and Web of Science databases; relevant clinical articles were included. Significant randomised clinical trials suggest that specific probiotics and/or prebiotics reduce diarrhoea, abdominal pain, vomiting, headache, cough, sore throat, fever, and viral infection complications such as acute respiratory distress syndrome. These beneficial effects are linked with modulation of the microbiota, products of microbial metabolism with antiviral activity, and immune-regulatory properties of specific probiotics and prebiotics through Treg cell production and function. There is a need to conduct clinical and pre-clinical trials to assess the combined effect of consuming these components and undergoing current therapies for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Sabino Batista
- Experimental Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), Cidade Universitária, s/n-Castelo Branco III, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
- Post Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), Cidade Universitária, s/n-Castelo Branco III, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Juliana Gondim de Albuquerque
- Experimental Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), Cidade Universitária, s/n-Castelo Branco III, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
- Post Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Cidade Universitária s/n, Recife, Brazil
- Post Graduate in Biotechnology, Division of Biological and Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Maria Helena Araújo de Vasconcelos
- Experimental Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), Cidade Universitária, s/n-Castelo Branco III, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
- Post Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), Cidade Universitária, s/n-Castelo Branco III, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Maria Luiza Rolim Bezerra
- Experimental Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), Cidade Universitária, s/n-Castelo Branco III, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
- Post Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), Cidade Universitária, s/n-Castelo Branco III, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Mariany Bernardino da Silva Barbalho
- Experimental Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), Cidade Universitária, s/n-Castelo Branco III, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Rafael Oliveira Pinheiro
- Experimental Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), Cidade Universitária, s/n-Castelo Branco III, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
- Post Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), Cidade Universitária, s/n-Castelo Branco III, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Jailane de Souza Aquino
- Experimental Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), Cidade Universitária, s/n-Castelo Branco III, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
- Post Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), Cidade Universitária, s/n-Castelo Branco III, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
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17
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Krasaewes K, Chaiwarith R, Chattipakorn N, Chattipakorn SC. Profiles of gut microbiota associated with clinical outcomes in patients with different stages of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Life Sci 2023; 332:122136. [PMID: 37783267 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
The correlation between SARS-CoV-2 infection and gut microbiota has been a subject of growing interest in recent research endeavors. It is postulated that SARS-CoV-2 might lead to gut dysbiosis by affecting the gut-lung axis and reducing the production of antimicrobial peptides in the gastrointestinal tract. Our comprehensive review of both in vivo and clinical studies has revealed a consistent decline in alpha diversity and increased dissimilarity in beta diversity of gut microbiota in comparison to healthy populations, observed during both the acute and post-infection phases of COVID-19. Furthermore, there is a notable reduction in the number of beneficial butyrate-producing bacteria, alongside an upsurge in opportunistic bacteria. Concomitantly, the functional and metabolic characteristics of gut microbiota are significantly altered. Consequently, COVID-19 patients exhibit a heightened inflammatory state, which has been linked to the severity of the disease in the acute phase and the occurrence of post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PACS) in the post-infection phase. Notably, certain specific gut microbiota species have emerged as potential candidates for aiding in the diagnosis, prediction of disease severity, or treatment of severe cases of COVID-19. This review also underscores the significance of gut microbiota in the context of post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PACS) and offers valuable insights into possible biomarkers for diagnosis and therapeutic targets for PACS in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kawisara Krasaewes
- Division of Infectious Disease and Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Romanee Chaiwarith
- Division of Infectious Disease and Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Neuroelectrophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Neuroelectrophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
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18
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Teramoto Y, Akagawa S, Hori SI, Tsuji S, Higasa K, Kaneko K. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota as a susceptibility factor for Kawasaki disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1268453. [PMID: 38022552 PMCID: PMC10644744 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1268453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Gut microbial imbalance (dysbiosis) has been reported in patients with acute Kawasaki disease (KD). However, no studies have analyzed the gut microbiota while focusing on susceptibility to KD. This study aimed to evaluate whether dysbiosis elevates susceptibility to KD by assessing children with a history of KD. Methods Fecal DNA was extracted from 26 children with a history of KD approximately 1 year prior (KD group, 12 boys; median age, 32.5 months; median time from onset, 11.5 months) and 57 age-matched healthy controls (HC group, 35 boys; median age, 36.0 months). 16S rRNA gene analysis was conducted with the Illumina Miseq instrument. Sequence reads were analyzed using QIIME2. Results For alpha diversity, Faith's phylogenetic diversity was significantly higher in the KD group. Regarding beta diversity, the two groups formed significantly different clusters based on Bray-Curtis dissimilarity. Comparing microbial composition at the genus level, the KD and HC groups were significantly different in the abundance of two genera with abundance over 1% after Benjamini-Hochberg false discovery rate correction for multiple comparisons. Compared with the HC group, the KD group had higher relative abundance of Ruminococcus gnavus group and lower relative abundance of Blautia. Discussion and conclusion Ruminococcus gnavus group reportedly includes pro-inflammatory bacteria. In contrast, Blautia suppresses inflammation via butyrate production. In the predictive functional analysis, the proportion of gut microbiota involved in several pathways was lower in the KD group. Therefore, dysbiosis characterized by distinct microbial diversity and decreased abundance of Blautia in parallel with increased abundance of Ruminococcus gnavus group might be a susceptibility factor for KD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Teramoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shohei Akagawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shin-ichiro Hori
- Department of Pediatrics, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shoji Tsuji
- Department of Pediatrics, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koichiro Higasa
- Department of Genome Analysis, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazunari Kaneko
- Department of Pediatrics, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
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19
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Abstract
The mammalian gastrointestinal tract (GIT) hosts a diverse and highly active microbiota composed of bacteria, eukaryotes, archaea, and viruses. Studies of the GIT microbiota date back more than a century, although modern techniques, including mouse models, sequencing technology, and novel therapeutics in humans, have been foundational to our understanding of the roles of commensal microbes in health and disease. Here, we review the impacts of the GIT microbiota on viral infection, both within the GIT and systemically. GIT-associated microbes and their metabolites alter the course of viral infection through a variety of mechanisms, including direct interactions with virions, alteration of the GIT landscape, and extensive regulation of innate and adaptive immunity. Mechanistic understanding of the full breadth of interactions between the GIT microbiota and the host is still lacking in many ways but will be vital for the development of novel therapeutics for viral and nonviral diseases alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle E Campbell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences & Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA;
| | - Yuhao Li
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Harshad Ingle
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences & Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA;
| | - Megan T Baldridge
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences & Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA;
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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20
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Du B, Fu Y, Han Y, Sun Q, Xu J, Yang Y, Rong R. The lung-gut crosstalk in respiratory and inflammatory bowel disease. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1218565. [PMID: 37680747 PMCID: PMC10482113 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1218565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Both lung and gut belong to the common mucosal immune system (CMIS), with huge surface areas exposed to the external environment. They are the main defense organs against the invasion of pathogens and play a key role in innate and adaptive immunity. Recently, more and more evidence showed that stimulation of one organ can affect the other, as exemplified by intestinal complications during respiratory disease and vice versa, which is called lung-gut crosstalk. Intestinal microbiota plays an important role in respiratory and intestinal diseases. It is known that intestinal microbial imbalance is related to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), this imbalance could impact the integrity of the intestinal epithelial barrier and leads to the persistence of inflammation, however, gut microbial disturbances have also been observed in respiratory diseases such as asthma, allergy, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and respiratory infection. It is not fully clarified how these disorders happened. In this review, we summarized the latest examples and possible mechanisms of lung-gut crosstalk in respiratory disease and IBD and discussed the strategy of shaping intestinal flora to treat respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoxiang Du
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yan Fu
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yuxiu Han
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Qihui Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jinke Xu
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Shandong Antiviral Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Rong Rong
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Basic Research, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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21
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Xia W, Liu L, Shi N, Zhang C, Tang A, He G. Epstein Barr virus infection in tree shrews alters the composition of gut microbiota and metabolome profile. Virol J 2023; 20:177. [PMID: 37553712 PMCID: PMC10410904 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02147-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is a major global threat; its manifestations range from the absence of symptoms to multiorgan malignancies and various gastrointestinal diseases. Analyzing the composition and metabolomic profile of gut microbiota during acute EBV infection might be instrumental in understanding and controlling EBV. METHODS Six tree shrews were inoculated with EBV by intravenous injection. Blood was collected at regular intervals thereafter from the femoral vein to detect EBV and inflammatory biomarker. At the same time, tree shrew faeces were collected for 16 S rRNA gene sequencing and Non-targeted metabolomics analysis. RESULTS 16 S rRNA gene characterization along with β diversity analysis exhibited remarkable alterations in gut microflora structure with a peak at 7 days post-infection(dpi). Some alterations in the relative richness of bacterial taxon were linked to infectious indicators. Of note, Butyricicoccus relative richness was positively linked to EBV presence in the blood and plasma, the opposite correlation was seen with Variovorax and Paramuribaculum. Non-targeted metabolomics indicated the fecal metabolome profile altered during EBV infection, particularly 7 dpi. The relative abundance of geranic acid and undecylenic acid in stool samples was positively linked to systemic inflammatory biomarkers, and an inverse relationship was reported with the estrone glucuronide, linoleic acid, protoporphyrin IX and tyramine. CONCLUSION Collectively, EBV infection in this model correlated with changes in the composition and metabolome profile of the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xia
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Gaungxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Gaungxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Nan Shi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Gaungxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Chaoyin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Gaungxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Anzhou Tang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Gaungxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
| | - Guangyao He
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Gaungxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
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22
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Guo C, Yi B, Wu J, Lu J. The microbiome in post-acute infection syndrome (PAIS). Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:3904-3911. [PMID: 37602232 PMCID: PMC10432703 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-Acute Infection Syndrome (PAIS) is a relatively new medical terminology that represents prolonged sequelae symptoms after acute infection by numerous pathogenic agents. Imposing a substantial public health burden worldwide, PASC (post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 infection) and ME/CFS (myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome) are two of the most recognized and prevalent PAIS conditions. The presences of prior infections and similar symptom profiles in PAIS reflect a plausible common etiopathogenesis. The human microbiome is known to play an essential role in health and disease. In this review, we reviewed and summarized available research on oral and gut microbiota alterations in patients with different infections or PAIS conditions. We discussed key theories about the associations between microbiome dysbiosis and PAIS disease development, aiming to explore the mechanistic roles and potential functions the microbiome may have in the process. Additionally, we discuss the areas of knowledge gaps and propose the potential clinical applications of the microbiome for prevention and treatment of PAIS conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Guo
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Boyang Yi
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianyong Wu
- School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Jiahai Lu
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Hainan Key Novel Thinktank “Hainan Medical University ‘One Health’ Research Center”, Haikou, China
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23
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Zhang D, Weng S, Xia C, Ren Y, Liu Z, Xu Y, Yang X, Wu R, Peng L, Sun L, Zhu J, Liang X, Jia Y, Wang H, Chen Q, Liu D, Chen Y, Guo H, Han X, Jin Z, Chen C, Yang X, Li Z, Huang H. Gastrointestinal symptoms of long COVID-19 related to the ectopic colonization of specific bacteria that move between the upper and lower alimentary tract and alterations in serum metabolites. BMC Med 2023; 21:264. [PMID: 37468867 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-02972-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, many COVID-19 variants have emerged, causing several waves of pandemics and many infections. Long COVID-19, or long-term sequelae after recovery from COVID-19, has aroused worldwide concern because it reduces patient quality of life after rehabilitation. We aimed to characterize the functional differential profile of the oral and gut microbiomes and serum metabolites in patients with gastrointestinal symptoms associated with long COVID-19. METHODS We prospectively collected oral, fecal, and serum samples from 983 antibiotic-naïve patients with mild COVID-19 and performed a 3-month follow-up postdischarge. Forty-five fecal and saliva samples, and 25 paired serum samples were collected from patients with gastrointestinal symptoms of long COVID-19 at follow-up and from healthy controls, respectively. Eight fecal and saliva samples were collected without gastrointestinal symptoms of long COVID-19 at follow-up. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing of fecal samples and 2bRAD-M sequencing of saliva samples were performed on these paired samples. Two published COVID-19 gut microbiota cohorts were analyzed for comparison. Paired serum samples were analyzed using widely targeted metabolomics. RESULTS Mild COVID-19 patients without gastrointestinal symptoms of long COVID-19 showed little difference in the gut and oral microbiota during hospitalization and at follow-up from healthy controls. The baseline and 3-month samples collected from patients with gastrointestinal symptoms associated with long COVID-19 showed significant differences, and ectopic colonization of the oral cavity by gut microbes including 27 common differentially abundant genera in the Proteobacteria phylum, was observed at the 3-month timepoint. Some of these bacteria, including Neisseria, Lautropia, and Agrobacterium, were highly related to differentially expressed serum metabolites with potential toxicity, such as 4-chlorophenylacetic acid, 5-sulfoxymethylfurfural, and estradiol valerate. CONCLUSIONS Our study characterized the changes in and correlations between the oral and gut microbiomes and serum metabolites in patients with gastrointestinal symptoms associated with long COVID-19. Additionally, our findings reveal that ectopically colonized bacteria from the gut to the oral cavity could exist in long COVID-19 patients with gastrointestinal symptoms, with a strong correlation to some potential harmful metabolites in serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Siyuan Weng
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Chuanchao Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yuqing Ren
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Zaoqu Liu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Yudi Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoli Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750003, Ningxia, China
| | - Ruhao Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Lisi Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Liqi Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xuesong Liang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yin Jia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Huaizhou Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Dongtian Liu
- Shanghai Foreign Language School Affiliated to Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Honglei Guo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xinwei Han
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Zhendong Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Cui Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, No. 905 Hospital of The Chinese People's Liberation Army, Shanghai, 200050, China.
| | - Zhaoshen Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Haojie Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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Dong Z, Ma J, Qiu J, Ren Q, Shan Q, Duan X, Li G, Zuo YY, Qi Y, Liu Y, Liu G, Lynch I, Fang M, Liu S. Airborne fine particles drive H1N1 viruses deep into the lower respiratory tract and distant organs. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf2165. [PMID: 37294770 PMCID: PMC10256160 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf2165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mounting data suggest that environmental pollution due to airborne fine particles (AFPs) increases the occurrence and severity of respiratory virus infection in humans. However, it is unclear whether and how interactions with AFPs alter viral infection and distribution. We report synergetic effects between various AFPs and the H1N1 virus, regulated by physicochemical properties of the AFPs. Unlike infection caused by virus alone, AFPs facilitated the internalization of virus through a receptor-independent pathway. Moreover, AFPs promoted the budding and dispersal of progeny virions, likely mediated by lipid rafts in the host plasma membrane. Infected animal models demonstrated that AFPs favored penetration of the H1N1 virus into the distal lung, and its translocation into extrapulmonary organs including the liver, spleen, and kidney, thus causing severe local and systemic disorders. Our findings revealed a key role of AFPs in driving viral infection throughout the respiratory tract and beyond. These insights entail stronger air quality management and air pollution reduction policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Juan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiahuang Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Quanzhong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Qing’e Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, China
| | - Xuefeng Duan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology & Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Guangle Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Yi Y. Zuo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Yu Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yajun Liu
- Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100035, China
| | - Guoliang Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Centre for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Iseult Lynch
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Min Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology & Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Sijin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, China
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25
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Pargin E, Roach MJ, Skye A, Papudeshi B, Inglis LK, Mallawaarachchi V, Grigson SR, Harker C, Edwards RA, Giles SK. The human gut virome: composition, colonization, interactions, and impacts on human health. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:963173. [PMID: 37293229 PMCID: PMC10244655 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.963173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut virome is an incredibly complex part of the gut ecosystem. Gut viruses play a role in many disease states, but it is unknown to what extent the gut virome impacts everyday human health. New experimental and bioinformatic approaches are required to address this knowledge gap. Gut virome colonization begins at birth and is considered unique and stable in adulthood. The stable virome is highly specific to each individual and is modulated by varying factors such as age, diet, disease state, and use of antibiotics. The gut virome primarily comprises bacteriophages, predominantly order Crassvirales, also referred to as crAss-like phages, in industrialized populations and other Caudoviricetes (formerly Caudovirales). The stability of the virome's regular constituents is disrupted by disease. Transferring the fecal microbiome, including its viruses, from a healthy individual can restore the functionality of the gut. It can alleviate symptoms of chronic illnesses such as colitis caused by Clostridiodes difficile. Investigation of the virome is a relatively novel field, with new genetic sequences being published at an increasing rate. A large percentage of unknown sequences, termed 'viral dark matter', is one of the significant challenges facing virologists and bioinformaticians. To address this challenge, strategies include mining publicly available viral datasets, untargeted metagenomic approaches, and utilizing cutting-edge bioinformatic tools to quantify and classify viral species. Here, we review the literature surrounding the gut virome, its establishment, its impact on human health, the methods used to investigate it, and the viral dark matter veiling our understanding of the gut virome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sarah K. Giles
- Flinders Accelerator for Microbiome Exploration, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
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26
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Zhang F, Lau RI, Liu Q, Su Q, Chan FKL, Ng SC. Gut microbiota in COVID-19: key microbial changes, potential mechanisms and clinical applications. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 20:323-337. [PMID: 36271144 PMCID: PMC9589856 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-022-00698-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract is involved in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The gut microbiota has important roles in viral entry receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression, immune homeostasis, and crosstalk between the gut and lungs, the 'gut-lung axis'. Emerging preclinical and clinical studies indicate that the gut microbiota might contribute to COVID-19 pathogenesis and disease outcomes; SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with altered intestinal microbiota and correlated with inflammatory and immune responses. Here, we discuss the cutting-edge evidence on the interactions between SARS-CoV-2 infection and the gut microbiota, key microbial changes in relation to COVID-19 severity and host immune dysregulations with the possible underlying mechanisms, and the conceivable consequences of the pandemic on the human microbiome and post-pandemic health. Finally, potential modulatory strategies of the gut microbiota are discussed. These insights could shed light on the development of microbiota-based interventions for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Zhang
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Shatin, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
- State Key Laboratory for Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
| | - Raphaela I Lau
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Shatin, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
- State Key Laboratory for Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
| | - Qin Liu
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Shatin, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
- State Key Laboratory for Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
| | - Qi Su
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Shatin, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
- State Key Laboratory for Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
| | - Francis K L Chan
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Shatin, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
- State Key Laboratory for Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
| | - Siew C Ng
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Shatin, Hong Kong S.A.R., China.
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong S.A.R., China.
- State Key Laboratory for Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong S.A.R., China.
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Tkacheva ON, Klimenko NS, Kashtanova DA, Tyakht AV, Maytesyan LV, Akopyan AA, Koshechkin SI, Strazhesko ID. Gut Microbiome in Post-COVID-19 Patients Is Linked to Immune and Cardiovascular Health Status but Not COVID-19 Severity. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11041036. [PMID: 37110459 PMCID: PMC10144658 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11041036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The composition of the gut microbiome stores the imprints of prior infections and other impacts. COVID-19 can cause changes in inflammatory status that persist for a considerable time after infection ends. As the gut microbiome is closely associated with immunity and inflammation, the infection severity might be linked to its community structure dynamics. Using 16S rRNA sequencing of stool samples, we investigated the microbiome three months after the end of the disease/infection or SARS-CoV-2 contact in 178 post-COVID-19 patients and those who contacted SARS-CoV-2 but were not infected. The cohort included 3 groups: asymptomatic subjects (n = 48), subjects who contacted COVID-19 patients with no further infection (n = 46), and severe patients (n = 86). Using a novel compositional statistical algorithm (nearest balance) and the concept of bacterial co-occurrence clusters (coops), we compared microbiome compositions between the groups as well as with multiple categories of clinical parameters including: immunity, cardiovascular parameters and markers of endothelial dysfunction, and blood metabolites. Although a number of clinical indicators varied drastically across the three groups, no differences in microbiome features were identified between them at this follow-up point. However, there were multiple associations between the microbiome features and clinical data. Among the immunity parameters, the relative lymphocyte number was linked to a balance including 14 genera. Cardiovascular parameters were associated with up to four bacterial cooperatives. Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 was linked to a balance including ten genera and one cooperative. Among the blood biochemistry parameters, calcium was the only parameter associated with the microbiome via a balance of 16 genera. Our results suggest comparable recovery of the gut community structure in the post-COVID-19 period, independently of severity or infection status. The multiple identified associations of clinical analysis data with the microbiome provide hypotheses about the participation of specific taxa in regulating immunity and homeostasis of cardiovascular and other body systems in health, as well as their disruption in SARS-CoV-2 infections and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga N Tkacheva
- The "Russian Clinical Research Center for Gerontology" of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 16 1st Leonova Str., 129226 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia S Klimenko
- Atlas Biomed Group-Knomx LLC, Tintagel House, 92 Albert Embankment, Lambeth, London SE1 7TY, UK
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Institute of Gene Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilova Str., 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria A Kashtanova
- The "Russian Clinical Research Center for Gerontology" of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 16 1st Leonova Str., 129226 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander V Tyakht
- Atlas Biomed Group-Knomx LLC, Tintagel House, 92 Albert Embankment, Lambeth, London SE1 7TY, UK
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Institute of Gene Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilova Str., 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Lilit V Maytesyan
- The "Russian Clinical Research Center for Gerontology" of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 16 1st Leonova Str., 129226 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna A Akopyan
- The "Russian Clinical Research Center for Gerontology" of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 16 1st Leonova Str., 129226 Moscow, Russia
| | - Stanislav I Koshechkin
- Atlas Biomed Group-Knomx LLC, Tintagel House, 92 Albert Embankment, Lambeth, London SE1 7TY, UK
| | - Irina D Strazhesko
- The "Russian Clinical Research Center for Gerontology" of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 16 1st Leonova Str., 129226 Moscow, Russia
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28
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Laterza L, Putignani L, Settanni CR, Petito V, Varca S, De Maio F, Macari G, Guarrasi V, Gremese E, Tolusso B, Wlderk G, Pirro MA, Fanali C, Scaldaferri F, Turchini L, Amatucci V, Sanguinetti M, Gasbarrini A. Ecology and Machine Learning-Based Classification Models of Gut Microbiota and Inflammatory Markers May Evaluate the Effects of Probiotic Supplementation in Patients Recently Recovered from COVID-19. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076623. [PMID: 37047594 PMCID: PMC10094838 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota (GM) modulation can be investigated as possible solution to enhance recovery after COVID-19. An open-label, single-center, single-arm, pilot, interventional study was performed by enrolling twenty patients recently recovered from COVID-19 to investigate the role of a mixed probiotic, containing Lactobacilli, Bifidobacteria and Streptococcus thermophilus, on gastrointestinal symptoms, local and systemic inflammation, intestinal barrier integrity and GM profile. Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale, cytokines, inflammatory, gut permeability, and integrity markers were evaluated before (T0) and after 8 weeks (T1) of probiotic supplementation. GM profiling was based on 16S-rRNA targeted-metagenomics and QIIME 2.0, LEfSe and PICRUSt computational algorithms. Multiple machine learning (ML) models were trained to classify GM at T0 and T1. A statistically significant reduction of IL-6 (p < 0.001), TNF-α (p < 0.001) and IL-12RA (p < 0.02), citrulline (p value < 0.001) was reported at T1. GM global distribution and microbial biomarkers strictly reflected probiotic composition, with a general increase in Bifidobacteria at T1. Twelve unique KEGG orthologs were associated only to T0, including tetracycline resistance cassettes. ML classified the GM at T1 with 100% score at phylum level. Bifidobacteriaceae and Bifidobacterium spp. inversely correlated to reduction of citrulline and inflammatory cytokines. Probiotic supplementation during post-COVID-19 may trigger anti-inflammatory effects though Bifidobacteria and related-metabolism enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucrezia Laterza
- CeMAD, Digestive Disease Center, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenza Putignani
- Department of Diagnostics and Laboratory Medicine, Unit of Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology, Unit of Microbiomics and Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious diseases Research Area, Unit of Human Microbiome, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Romano Settanni
- CeMAD, Digestive Disease Center, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Petito
- CeMAD, Digestive Disease Center, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Varca
- CeMAD, Digestive Disease Center, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Flavio De Maio
- Laboratorio di Microbiologia Clinica, Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio ed Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Elisa Gremese
- Immunology Facility, Gstep, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Tolusso
- Immunology Facility, Gstep, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Wlderk
- CeMAD, Digestive Disease Center, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Antonia Pirro
- CeMAD, Digestive Disease Center, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Fanali
- CeMAD, Digestive Disease Center, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Franco Scaldaferri
- CeMAD, Digestive Disease Center, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Turchini
- CeMAD, Digestive Disease Center, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Amatucci
- CeMAD, Digestive Disease Center, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Sanguinetti
- Laboratorio di Microbiologia Clinica, Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio ed Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- CeMAD, Digestive Disease Center, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
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29
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Tsounis EP, Triantos C, Konstantakis C, Marangos M, Assimakopoulos SF. Intestinal barrier dysfunction as a key driver of severe COVID-19. World J Virol 2023; 12:68-90. [PMID: 37033148 PMCID: PMC10075050 DOI: 10.5501/wjv.v12.i2.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal lumen harbors a diverse consortium of microorganisms that participate in reciprocal crosstalk with intestinal immune cells and with epithelial and endothelial cells, forming a multi-layered barrier that enables the efficient absorption of nutrients without an excessive influx of pathogens. Despite being a lung-centered disease, severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) affects multiple systems, including the gastrointestinal tract and the pertinent gut barrier function. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can inflict either direct cytopathic injury to intestinal epithelial and endothelial cells or indirect immune-mediated damage. Alternatively, SARS-CoV-2 undermines the structural integrity of the barrier by modifying the expression of tight junction proteins. In addition, SARS-CoV-2 induces profound alterations to the intestinal microflora at phylogenetic and metabolomic levels (dysbiosis) that are accompanied by disruption of local immune responses. The ensuing dysregulation of the gut-lung axis impairs the ability of the respiratory immune system to elicit robust and timely responses to restrict viral infection. The intestinal vasculature is vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2-induced endothelial injury, which simultaneously triggers the activation of the innate immune and coagulation systems, a condition referred to as “immunothrombosis” that drives severe thrombotic complications. Finally, increased intestinal permeability allows an aberrant dissemination of bacteria, fungi, and endotoxin into the systemic circulation and contributes, to a certain degree, to the over-exuberant immune responses and hyper-inflammation that dictate the severe form of COVID-19. In this review, we aim to elucidate SARS-CoV-2-mediated effects on gut barrier homeostasis and their implications on the progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efthymios P Tsounis
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University Hospital of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece
| | - Christos Triantos
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University Hospital of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece
| | - Christos Konstantakis
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University Hospital of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece
| | - Markos Marangos
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, University Hospital of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece
| | - Stelios F Assimakopoulos
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, University Hospital of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece
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30
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Akram N, Saeed F, Afzaal M, Shah YA, Qamar A, Faisal Z, Ghani S, Ateeq H, Akhtar MN, Tufail T, Hussain M, Asghar A, Rasheed A, Jbawi EA. Gut microbiota and synbiotic foods: Unveiling the relationship in COVID-19 perspective. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:1166-1177. [PMID: 36911846 PMCID: PMC10002946 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread across the globe and is causing widespread disaster. The impact of gut microbiota on lung disease has been widely documented. Diet, environment, and genetics all play a role in shaping the gut microbiota, which can influence the immune system. Improving the gut microbiota profile through customized diet, nutrition, and supplementation has been shown to boost immunity, which could be one of the preventative methods for reducing the impact of various diseases. Poor nutritional status is frequently linked to inflammation and oxidative stress, both of which can affect the immune system. This review emphasizes the necessity of maintaining an adequate level of important nutrients to effectively minimize inflammation and oxidative stress, moreover to strengthen the immune system during the COVID-19 severity. Furthermore, the purpose of this review is to present information and viewpoints on the use of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics as adjuvants for microbiota modification and its effects on COVID-19 prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Akram
- Department of Food and NutritionGovernment College UniversityFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Farhan Saeed
- Department of Food ScienceGovernment College UniversityFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Muhammad Afzaal
- Department of Food ScienceGovernment College UniversityFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Yasir Abbas Shah
- Department of Food ScienceGovernment College UniversityFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Aiza Qamar
- Department of Nutrition and Health PromotionUniversity of Home Economics LahoreLahorePakistan
| | - Zargham Faisal
- Institute of Food Science and NutritionBahauddin Zakariya University MultanMultanPakistan
| | - Samia Ghani
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesGovernment College University FaisalabadPunjabPakistan
| | - Huda Ateeq
- Department of Food ScienceGovernment College UniversityFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Muhammad Nadeem Akhtar
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional SciencesThe University of LahoreLahorePakistan
| | - Tabassum Tufail
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional SciencesThe University of LahoreLahorePakistan
| | - Muzzamal Hussain
- Department of Food ScienceGovernment College UniversityFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Aasma Asghar
- Department of Food ScienceGovernment College UniversityFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Ammara Rasheed
- Department of Food and NutritionGovernment College UniversityFaisalabadPakistan
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31
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Ricci A, Roviello GN. Exploring the Protective Effect of Food Drugs against Viral Diseases: Interaction of Functional Food Ingredients and SARS-CoV-2, Influenza Virus, and HSV. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020402. [PMID: 36836758 PMCID: PMC9966545 DOI: 10.3390/life13020402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A complex network of processes inside the human immune system provides resistance against a wide range of pathologies. These defenses form an innate and adaptive immunity, in which certain immune components work together to counteract infections. In addition to inherited variables, the susceptibility to diseases may be influenced by factors such as lifestyle choices and aging, as well as environmental determinants. It has been shown that certain dietary chemical components regulate signal transduction and cell morphologies which, in turn, have consequences on pathophysiology. The consumption of some functional foods may increase immune cell activity, defending us against a number of diseases, including those caused by viruses. Here, we investigate a range of functional foods, often marketed as immune system boosters, in an attempt to find indications of their potential protective role against diseases caused by viruses, such as the influenza viruses (A and B), herpes simplex virus (HSV), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), in some cases mediated by gut microbiota. We also discuss the molecular mechanisms that govern the protective effects of some functional foods and their molecular constituents. The main message of this review is that discovering foods that are able to strengthen the immune system can be a winning weapon against viral diseases. In addition, understanding how the dietary components function can aid in the development of novel strategies for maintaining human bodily health and keeping our immune systems strong.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ricci
- Studio Nutrizione e Benessere, Via Giuseppe Verdi 1, 84043 Agropoli, Italy
| | - Giovanni N. Roviello
- Italian National Council for Research (IBB-CNR), Area Di Ricerca Site and Headquarters, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0812203415
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32
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Mauro CSI, Hassani MK, Barone M, Esposito MT, Calle Y, Behrends V, Garcia S, Brigidi P, Turroni S, Costabile A. Cerrado and Pantanal fruit flours affect gut microbiota composition in healthy and post-COVID-19 individuals: an in vitro pilot fermentation study. Int J Food Sci Technol 2023; 58:IJFS16274. [PMID: 36721386 PMCID: PMC9880733 DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.16274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cerrado and Pantanal plants can provide fruits with high nutritional value and antioxidants. This study aims to evaluate four fruit flours (from jatobá pulp, cumbaru almond, bocaiuva pulp and bocaiuva almond) and their effects on the gut microbiota in healthy (HD) and post-COVID-19 individuals (PC). An in vitro batch system was carried out, the microbiota was analysed by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and the short-chain fatty acids ratio was determined. Furthermore, the effect of jatobá pulp flour oil (JAO) on cell viability, oxidative stress and DNA damage was investigated in a myelo-monocytic cell line. Beyond confirming a microbiota imbalance in PC, we identified flour-specific effects: (i) reduction of Veillonellaceae with jatobá extract in PC samples; (ii) decrease in Akkermansia with jatoba and cumbaru flours; (iii) decreasing trend of Faecalibacterium and Ruminococcus with all flours tested, with the exception of the bocaiuva almond in HD samples for Ruminococcus and (iv) increase in Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium in PC samples with bocaiuva almond flour. JAO displayed antioxidant properties protecting cells from daunorubicin-induced cytotoxicity, oxidative stress and DNA damage. The promising microbiota-modulating abilities of some flours and the chemopreventive effects of JAO deserve to be further explored in human intervention studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Monica Barone
- Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical SciencesUniversity of BolognaBologna40138Italy
| | | | - Yolanda Calle
- School of Life and Health SciencesUniversity of RoehamptonLondonSW15 4JDUK
| | - Volker Behrends
- School of Life and Health SciencesUniversity of RoehamptonLondonSW15 4JDUK
| | - Sandra Garcia
- Department of Food Science and TechnologyState University of LondrinaLondrina86057‐970Brazil
| | - Patrizia Brigidi
- Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical SciencesUniversity of BolognaBologna40138Italy
| | - Silvia Turroni
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and BiotechnologyUniversity of BolognaBologna40126Italy
| | - Adele Costabile
- School of Life and Health SciencesUniversity of RoehamptonLondonSW15 4JDUK
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33
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Evaluation of the gut microbiome associated with COVID-19. INFORMATICS IN MEDICINE UNLOCKED 2023; 38:101239. [PMID: 37033411 PMCID: PMC10069162 DOI: 10.1016/j.imu.2023.101239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction In 2019, a new virus from the coronavirus family called SARS-CoV-2, infected populations throughout the world. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an illness induced by this virus, attacks vital organs in the body, such as the respiratory system and the gastrointestinal tract. Recent studies have confirmed changes in the gut microbiome caused by the COVID-19 disease. We examined the alteration of the gut microbiome in COVID-19 patients compared to healthy individuals. Materials and methods in this study, the 16s metagenomics dataset, publicly available in the Sequence Read Archive (SRA) database, was used for analysis (accession number PRJNA636824). The analysis processes were performed using the CLC Microbial Genomics Module 20.1.1 (Qiagen). At first, the sequence reads of samples were trimmed and classified into operational taxonomic units (OTUs) with 97% similarity and then assigned to the Greengenes reference database (v138). Differential abundance analysis was used to determine statistically significant differences in OTUs between COVID-19 and healthy groups. Next, biodiversity analyses including the alpha diversity (intragroup diversity) and beta diversity (intergroup diversity) using defined indexes were estimated. Then, the co-occurrence network at the species level was constructed using the Pearson correlation coefficient calculation between pairs of OTUs in R software and visualized using Cytoscape software. Ultimately, the hub OTUs at the species level were identified using the cytoHubba plugin of Cytoscape based on Maximal Clique Centrality (MCC) algorithm. Results The results of the metagenomic analysis revealed that the intestinal microbiome in healthy individuals has a higher biodiversity compared to COVID-19 patients. Indeed, healthy people also have a higher percentage of beneficial bacteria such as bifidobacteria adolescentis compared to COVID-19 patients; in contrast, COVID-19 patients have higher levels of opportunistic and pathogenic bacteria such as Streptococcus anginosus than healthy people. Also, by constructing a co-occurrence network at the species level, Bifidobacterium longum in the healthy group and Veillonella parvulain the COVID-19 group were found as hub species. Conclusion The results of this study shed light on the relationship between the gut microbiome and COVID-19. These results could be helpful for understanding the pathogenesis, clinical features, and treatment of COVID-9.
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34
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Johnson SD, Knight LA, Kumar N, Olwenyi OA, Thurman M, Mehra S, Mohan M, Byrareddy SN. Early treatment with anti-α 4β 7 antibody facilitates increased gut macrophage maturity in SIV-infected rhesus macaques. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1001727. [PMID: 36389795 PMCID: PMC9664000 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1001727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), people living with HIV (PLWH) continue to experience gastrointestinal dysfunction. Infusions of anti-α4β7 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been proposed to increase virologic control during simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection in macaques with mixed results. Recent evidences suggested that therapeutic efficacy of vedolizumab (a humanized anti-α4β7 mAb), during inflammatory bowel diseases depends on microbiome composition, myeloid cell differentiation, and macrophage phenotype. We tested this hypothesis in SIV-infected, anti-α4β7 mAb-treated macaques and provide flow cytometric and microscopic evidence that anti-α4β7 administered to SIV-infected macaques increases the maturity of macrophage phenotypes typically lost in the small intestines during SIV disease progression. Further, this increase in mature macrophage phenotype was associated with tissue viral loads. These phenotypes were also associated with dysbiosis markers in the gut previously identified as predictors of HIV replication and immune activation in PLWH. These findings provide a novel model of anti-α4β7 efficacy offering new avenues for targeting pathogenic mucosal immune response during HIV/SIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel D. Johnson
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Lindsey A. Knight
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Narendra Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Omalla A. Olwenyi
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Michellie Thurman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Smriti Mehra
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Mahesh Mohan
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Siddappa N. Byrareddy
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
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Fazil M, Nikhat S. Therapeutic and palliative role of a Unani herbal decoction in COVID-19 and similar respiratory viral illnesses: Phytochemical & pharmacological perspective. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 297:115526. [PMID: 35843408 PMCID: PMC9281408 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Outbreaks of respiratory viral infections like Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, Middle-East Respiratory Syndrome, and Coronavirus Disease-2019 have been a regular occurrence in the past 100 years. A significant proportion of the morbidity and mortality in influenza is attributed to the co-morbidities and complications induced by the disease, involving the vital organs and physiological functions. In this context, traditional medicines offer effective protective, palliative, and therapeutic benefits, as observed in several studies on various types of influenza, including COVID-19. The Unani herbal decoction comprising of 'Unnāb (Ziziphus jujuba Mill. fruit), Sapistān (Cordia dichotoma G. Forst. fruit), and Behīdāna (Cydonia oblonga Mill. seed) was originally prescribed by Hakim Ajmal Khan (1868-1927 AD) for various respiratory ailments as a bronchodilator, anti-inflammatory, and for clearing the respiratory tract. During COVID-19, the decoction was prescribed by the Ministry of Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, and Homeopathy (AYUSH), Government of India, for mild patients in home isolation, and also as a self-care drink for healthy people. Preliminary studies are of the view that the decoction could reduce COVID-19 incidence and prevent severe disease in the population where it was administered. AIMS OF THE STUDY We intend to review the pharmacological activity of the Unani decoction ingredients, i.e., Z. jujuba, C. dichotoma, and C. oblonga, in context with respiratory viral infections and their co-morbidities, to develop an understanding of its action mechanism. METHODOLOGY We reviewed Unani classical textbooks for information on the therapeutic activity of the decoction ingredients. Scientific studies published in English from the year 2000 onwards on leading scientific websites (PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, and Springer) were searched for information regarding the efficacy of the drugs in influenza and its common complications. Non-English language articles, or those published prior to 2000, and those which included plant parts other than those traditionally included in the decoction were excluded. OBSERVATIONS A wide range of therapeutic and palliative effects have been observed in the three herbs included in the Unani decoction, including anti-viral, anti-bacterial, immuno-modulatory, anti-inflammatory, hepato-, and nephroprotective, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-tussive, broncho-dilatory, and regulation of gut microbiota. Together, these effects can help to mitigate and prevent most of the complications caused as a result of respiratory viral infections. CONCLUSION The combined effects of ingredients in this Unani herbal decoction can potentially help to mitigate most of the pathological changes and complications caused by influenza viruses. With further clinical research, the decoction may be potentially utilized as a prophylactic and therapeutic against viral influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Fazil
- Hakim Ajmal Khan Institute for Literary and Historical Research in Unani Medicine, CCRUM, Jamia Millia Islamia Campus, New Delhi, India.
| | - Sadia Nikhat
- Dept. of Ilaj bit Tadbeer, School of Unani Medical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India.
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Antiviral Activity against Respiratory Syncytial Virus of Polysaccharide from Jerusalem Artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.). BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:1809879. [PMID: 36193325 PMCID: PMC9526606 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1809879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) polysaccharide (JAP) is a chain polysaccharide composed of D-fructose connected by β (1-2) glycosidic bonds, which is a kind of inulin. This study evaluated the anti-respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) activity of JAP in vivo and in vitro. To investigate its antiviral activity, an MTT assay, q-PCR, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and lung histological observation were performed. The results showed that JAP showed anti-RSV activity in vitro with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of approximately 29.15 μg/mL. In vivo results suggested that JAP could effectively inhibit RSV proliferation in the lungs and improve lung tissue lesions in RSV-infected mice. Additionally, JAP could also reduce the expression of TLR3 and TLR4 in the lungs, increase serum anti-inflammatory factors IL-4 levels, and reduce pro-inflammatory factors TNF-α and TNF-β levels, which may be related to its anti-RSV activity. This study provides a new approach to anti-RSV therapy and enriches the potential applications of JAP.
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Lin CY, Su SB, Chen KT. An overview of gastrointestinal diseases in patients with COVID-19: A narrative review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e30297. [PMID: 36086768 PMCID: PMC10980500 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000030297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has emerged as a global health concern. This study aimed to review the epidemiology and pathophysiology of COVID-19 and provide evidence for the implementation of control measures. We utilized several online databases, including MEDLINE (National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA), PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, to collect relevant published papers using a combination of the following keywords: "COVID-19," "SARS-CoV-2," "novel coronavirus," "epidemiology," and "pathophysiology." The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were used in this study. Globally, approximately 3-46% of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection experience gastrointestinal symptoms. The clinical spectrum of COVID-19 is wide, ranging from mild to severe, and even fatal. COVID-19 was initially reported as a respiratory tract disease; however, gastrointestinal symptoms have only recently been reported. COVID-19 Patients with gastrointestinal symptoms may have more severe clinical manifestations and poor prognosis. This study highlights the need to better understand the mechanisms involved in the development of gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with COVID-19 to prevent the further spread of this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yao Lin
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Taiwan
- Department of Senior Welfare and Services, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Bin Su
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kow-Tong Chen
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Tainan Municipal Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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He Q, Shi Y, Tang Q, Xing H, Zhang H, Wang M, Chen X. Herbal medicine in the treatment of COVID-19 based on the gut-lung axis. ACUPUNCTURE AND HERBAL MEDICINE 2022; 2:172-183. [PMID: 37808350 PMCID: PMC9746256 DOI: 10.1097/hm9.0000000000000038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory symptoms are most commonly experienced by patients in the early stages of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, with a better understanding of COVID-19, gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting have attracted increasing attention. The gastrointestinal tract may be a target organ of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. The intestinal microecological balance is a crucial factor for homeostasis, including immunity and inflammation, which are closely related to COVID-19. Herbal medicine can restore intestinal function and regulate the gut flora structure. Herbal medicine has a long history of treating lung diseases from the perspective of the intestine, which is called the gut-lung axis. The physiological activities of guts and lungs influence each other through intestinal flora, microflora metabolites, and mucosal immunity. Microecological modulators are included in the diagnosis and treatment protocols for COVID-19. In this review, we demonstrate the relationship between COVID-19 and the gut, gut-lung axis, and the role of herbal medicine in treating respiratory diseases originating from the intestinal tract. It is expected that the significance of herbal medicine in treating respiratory diseases from the perspective of the intestinal tract could lead to new ideas and methods for treatment. Graphical abstract http://links.lww.com/AHM/A33.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoyu He
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yumeng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Qian Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Han Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Mei Wang
- LU-European Center for Chinese Medicine and Natural Compounds, Institute of Biology, Leiden University/SU Biomedicine, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Xiaopeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Wang Q, Fang Z, Li L, Wang H, Zhu J, Zhang P, Lee YK, Zhao J, Zhang H, Lu W, Chen W. Lactobacillus mucosae exerted different antiviral effects on respiratory syncytial virus infection in mice. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1001313. [PMID: 36090099 PMCID: PMC9459143 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1001313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is a constant threat to the health of young children, and this is mainly attributed to the lack of effective prevention strategies. This study aimed to determine whether Lactobacillus (L.) mucosae, a potential probiotic, could protect against respiratory viral infection in a mouse model. Naive 3–4-week-old BALB/c mice were orally administered with three L. mucosae strains (2.5 × 108 CFU/mouse) 7 days before RSV infection (105 TCID50/mouse). Results showed that all three strains inhibited RSV replication and reduced the proportions of inflammatory cells, including granulocytes and monocytes in the blood. The L. mucosae M104R01L3 treatment maintained stable weight in mice and increased interferon (IFN)-β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels. The L. mucosae DCC1HL5 treatment increased interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-10 levels. Moreover, the M104R01L3 and DCC1HL5 strains increased the proportions of Akkermansia, Alistipes, and Anaeroplasma which contributed to the advantageous modulation of the gut microbiota. Besides, L. mucosae affected the gut levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) that are important for the antiviral response. L. mucosae 1,025 increased acetate, propionate, and butyrate levels, whereas L. mucosae M104R01L3 increased the level of acetate in the gut. L. mucosae M104R01L3 may protect against viral infection by upregulating the IFN-β levels in the lungs and its antiviral effect may be related to the increase of acetate levels in the gut. In conclusion, the three L. mucosae strains exerted antiviral effects against RSV infection by differentially regulating immune responses and intestinal micro-ecological balance. This study can provide a reference for studying the mechanisms underlying the antiviral effects of L. mucosae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhifeng Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Lingzhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hongchao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jinlin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Pinghu Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yuan-kun Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Pharmabiotics and Antibiotic Resistance, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou, China
- Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research, Institute Wuxi Branch, Wuxi, China
| | - Wenwei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Pharmabiotics and Antibiotic Resistance, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wenwei Lu,
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Li Y, Xu X, Guo Z, Li Q, Wang Y, Jian D, Zhang G, Tian X, Chen S, Luo Z. Neonatal Streptococcus pneumoniae infection induces long-lasting dysbiosis of the gut microbiota in a mouse model. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:961684. [PMID: 36060784 PMCID: PMC9433971 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.961684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Early life is a “critical window” for gut microbiota development, antibiotic use during this period exerts a profound effect on gut microbial dysbiosis and asthma. In clinical practice, antibiotics are usually used in patients with bacterial infections, we previously showed that neonatal S. pneumoniae pneumonia promoted adult-onset asthma in mice model, while it remains unclear whether neonatal S. pneumoniae infection have long-term effects on gut microbiota. Neonatal BALB/c mice were inoculated with 5*106 CFU D39 to establish non-lethal S. pneumoniae pneumonia model. At 2, 3, 8 weeks of age, feces in the cecum were prepared for 16S rRNA sequencing, lungs were collected for histopathologic and lung function analysis. S. pneumoniae-infected neonatal mice exhibited histopathologic lesions in their lungs and increased airway hyperresponsiveness, obvious alterations in alpha and beta diversities in the entire gut microbiota, and changes of the community structure during the breastfeeding period, infancy, and adulthood. Furthermore, gut microbial composition was modified after neonatal S. pneumoniae infection, with a decreased relative abundance of Lactobacillus in the breastfeeding period and infancy; in adulthood, the relative abundance of Allobaculum diminished while that of Proteobacteria was augmented. Neonatal S. pneumoniae infection induced a long-term alteration in microbial community composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine of Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing, China
| | - Ximing Xu
- Department of Medical Record Statistics of Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Higher Institution Engineering Research Center of Children’s Medical Big Data Intelligent Application, Chongqing, China
| | - Ziyao Guo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine of Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing, China
| | - Qinyuan Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine of Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing, China
| | - Yiying Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine of Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing, China
| | - Ding Jian
- Department of Respiratory Medicine of Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing, China
| | - Guangli Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine of Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoyin Tian
- Department of Respiratory Medicine of Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Shiyi Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine of Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhengxiu Luo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine of Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhengxiu Luo,
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Aktaş E, Özdemir Özgentürk N. Revealing In Silico that Bacteria's Outer Membrane Proteins may Help our Bodies Replicate and Carry Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2. Bioinform Biol Insights 2022; 16:11779322221116320. [PMID: 35966808 PMCID: PMC9364190 DOI: 10.1177/11779322221116320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Some studies in the literature show that viruses can affect bacteria directly or indirectly, and viruses use their own specific ways to do these interactions. Furthermore, it is said that bacteria are prone to attachment mammalian cells during a viral illness using their surface proteins that bind to host extracellular matrix proteins such as fibronectin, fibrinogen, vitronectin, and elastin. A recent study identified the cooperation between bacteria and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in silico, in vitro, and in vivo. Like this study, we hypothesized that more bacteria protein might help SARS-CoV-2 transport and attach to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). The bacteria's outer membrane proteins (OMPs) we chose were not random; they had to be on the outer surface of the bacteria because these proteins on the outer surface should have a high probability of interacting with both the spike protein and ACE2. We obtained by using bioinformatics tools that there may be binding between both ACE2 and spike protein of these bacteria's OMPs. Protein-protein interaction results also supported our hypothesis. Therefore, based on our predicted results, these bacteria OMPs may help SARS-CoV-2 move in our body, and both find and attach to ACE2. It is expected that these inferences obtained from the bioinformatics results may play a role in the SARS-CoV-2 virus reaching host cells. Thus, it may bring a different perspective to studies on how the virus can infect host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Aktaş
- Faculty of Art and Science, Molecular Biology and Genetics, Yıldız Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nehir Özdemir Özgentürk
- Faculty of Art and Science, Molecular Biology and Genetics, Yıldız Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
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42
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Li S, Zhou Y, Yan D, Wan Y. An Update on the Mutual Impact between SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Gut Microbiota. Viruses 2022; 14:1774. [PMID: 36016396 PMCID: PMC9415881 DOI: 10.3390/v14081774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is essential for good health. It has also been demonstrated that the gut microbiota can regulate immune responses against respiratory tract infections. Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, accumulating evidence suggests that there is a link between the severity of COVID-19 and the alteration of one's gut microbiota. The composition of gut microbiota can be profoundly affected by COVID-19 and vice versa. Here, we summarize the observations of the mutual impact between SARS-CoV-2 infection and gut microbiota composition. We discuss the consequences and mechanisms of the bi-directional interaction. Moreover, we also discuss the immune cross-reactivity between SARS-CoV-2 and commensal bacteria, which represents a previously overlooked connection between COVID-19 and commensal gut bacteria. Finally, we summarize the progress in managing COVID-19 by utilizing microbial interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoshuai Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai 201508, China
- Key Laboratory of Microecology-Immune Regulatory Network and Related Diseases, School of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154000, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Dongmei Yan
- Key Laboratory of Microecology-Immune Regulatory Network and Related Diseases, School of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154000, China
| | - Yanmin Wan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Department of Radiology, Shanghai 201508, China
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Froggatt HM, Heaton NS. Nonrespiratory sites of influenza-associated disease: mechanisms and experimental systems for continued study. FEBS J 2022; 289:4038-4060. [PMID: 35060315 PMCID: PMC9300775 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The productive replication of human influenza viruses is almost exclusively restricted to cells in the respiratory tract. However, a key aspect of the host response to viral infection is the production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines that are not similarly tissue restricted. As such, circulating inflammatory mediators, as well as the resulting activated immune cells, can induce damage throughout the body, particularly in individuals with underlying conditions. As a result, more holistic experimental approaches are required to fully understand the pathogenesis and scope of influenza virus-induced disease. This review summarizes what is known about some of the most well-appreciated nonrespiratory tract sites of influenza virus-induced disease, including neurological, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, muscular and fetal developmental phenotypes. In the context of this discussion, we describe the in vivo experimental systems currently being used to study nonrespiratory symptoms. Finally, we highlight important future questions and potential models that can be used for a more complete understanding of influenza virus-induced disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather M. Froggatt
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Nicholas S. Heaton
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: Nicholas S. Heaton, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology (MGM),
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Qin S, Huang X, Qu S. Baicalin Induces a Potent Innate Immune Response to Inhibit Respiratory Syncytial Virus Replication via Regulating Viral Non-Structural 1 and Matrix RNA. Front Immunol 2022; 13:907047. [PMID: 35812414 PMCID: PMC9259847 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.907047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is the most frequent cause of hospitalization in pediatric patients. Current systemic treatment and vaccines are not curative and re-infection is often associated with a more drastic incidence of the disease. Baicalin is a flavonoid isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis with potent anti-viral characteristics, namely against RSV. However, its precise mechanism of action remains unclear. Here, using in vitro methods and an in vivo murine model of RSV infection, we showed that baicalin inhibits RSV replication induces translational upregulation of type I interferons (IFNs), IFN-α and IFN-β, and reverses epithelial thickening in lung tissues. Moreover, baicalin inhibits transcription of the RSV non-structural proteins NS1 and NS2. Molecular docking and surface plasmon resonance-based affinity analysis showed that baicalin also binds to the α3 helix of the NS1 protein with an affinity constant of 1.119 × 10−5 M. Polysome profiling showed that baicalin inhibits translation of the RSV matrix protein (M) RNA. Baicalin mediates increased release of the ribosomal protein L13a from the large ribosomal subunit, where the extra ribosomal subunit L13a inhibits M RNA translation. These results comprehensively establish the multiple mechanisms by which baicalin induces a potent innate immune response against RSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Qin
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianzhang Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Shaogang Qu, ; Xianzhang Huang,
| | - Shaogang Qu
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Shaogang Qu, ; Xianzhang Huang,
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Kenney AD, Aron SL, Gilbert C, Kumar N, Chen P, Eddy A, Zhang L, Zani A, Vargas-Maldonado N, Speaks S, Kawahara J, Denz PJ, Dorn L, Accornero F, Ma J, Zhu H, Rajaram MVS, Cai C, Langlois RA, Yount JS. Influenza virus replication in cardiomyocytes drives heart dysfunction and fibrosis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm5371. [PMID: 35544568 PMCID: PMC9094651 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm5371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac dysfunction is a common complication of severe influenza virus infection, but whether this occurs due to direct infection of cardiac tissue or indirectly through systemic lung inflammation remains unclear. To test the etiology of this aspect of influenza disease, we generated a novel recombinant heart-attenuated influenza virus via genome incorporation of target sequences for miRNAs expressed in cardiomyocytes. Compared with control virus, mice infected with miR-targeted virus had significantly reduced heart viral titers, confirming cardiac attenuation of viral replication. However, this virus was fully replicative in the lungs and induced similar systemic inflammation and weight loss compared to control virus. The miR-targeted virus induced fewer cardiac conduction irregularities and significantly less fibrosis in mice lacking interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3), which serve as a model for influenza-associated cardiac pathology. We conclude that robust virus replication in the heart is required for pathology, even when lung inflammation is severe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam D. Kenney
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Infectious Diseases Institute, Viruses and Emerging Pathogens Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Stephanie L. Aron
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Clara Gilbert
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Naresh Kumar
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Adrian Eddy
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Infectious Diseases Institute, Viruses and Emerging Pathogens Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lizhi Zhang
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Infectious Diseases Institute, Viruses and Emerging Pathogens Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ashley Zani
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Infectious Diseases Institute, Viruses and Emerging Pathogens Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Nahara Vargas-Maldonado
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Samuel Speaks
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jeffrey Kawahara
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Infectious Diseases Institute, Viruses and Emerging Pathogens Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Parker J. Denz
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Infectious Diseases Institute, Viruses and Emerging Pathogens Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lisa Dorn
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Federica Accornero
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jianjie Ma
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Hua Zhu
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Murugesan V. S. Rajaram
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Chuanxi Cai
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ryan A. Langlois
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jacob S. Yount
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Infectious Diseases Institute, Viruses and Emerging Pathogens Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Gonçalves JIB, Borges TJ, de Souza APD. Microbiota and the Response to Vaccines Against Respiratory Virus. Front Immunol 2022; 13:889945. [PMID: 35603203 PMCID: PMC9122122 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.889945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This mini review describes the role of gut and lung microbiota during respiratory viral infection and discusses the implication of the microbiota composition on the immune responses generated by the vaccines designed to protect against these pathogens. This is a growing field and recent evidence supports that the composition and function of the microbiota can modulate the immune response of vaccination against respiratory viruses such as influenza and SARS-CoV-2. Recent studies have highlighted that molecules derived from the microbiome can have systemic effects, acting in distant organs. These molecules are recognized by the immune cells from the host and can trigger or modulate different responses, interfering with vaccination protection. Modulating the microbiota composition has been suggested as an approach to achieving more efficient protective immune responses. Studies in humans have reported associations between a better vaccine response and specific bacterial taxa. These associations vary among different vaccine strategies and are likely to be context-dependent. The use of prebiotics and probiotics in conjunction with vaccination demonstrated that bacterial components could act as adjuvants. Future microbiota-based interventions may potentially improve and optimize the responses of respiratory virus vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- João I. B. Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Health and Life Science School - Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Thiago J. Borges
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ana Paula Duarte de Souza
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Health and Life Science School - Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Melo-González F, Sepúlveda-Alfaro J, Schultz BM, Suazo ID, Boone DL, Kalergis AM, Bueno SM. Distal Consequences of Mucosal Infections in Intestinal and Lung Inflammation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:877533. [PMID: 35572549 PMCID: PMC9095905 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.877533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, affecting high-risk populations such as children and the elderly. Pathogens usually activate local immune responses at the site of infection, resulting in both protective and inflammatory responses, which may lead to local changes in the microbiota, metabolites, and the cytokine environment. Although some pathogens can disseminate and cause systemic disease, increasing evidence suggests that local infections can affect tissues not directly invaded. In particular, diseases occurring at distal mucosal barriers such as the lung and the intestine seem to be linked, as shown by epidemiological studies in humans. These mucosal barriers have bidirectional interactions based mainly on multiple signals derived from the microbiota, which has been termed as the gut-lung axis. However, the effects observed in such distal places are still incompletely understood. Most of the current research focuses on the systemic impact of changes in microbiota and bacterial metabolites during infection, which could further modulate immune responses at distal tissue sites. Here, we describe how the gut microbiota and associated metabolites play key roles in maintaining local homeostasis and preventing enteric infection by direct and indirect mechanisms. Subsequently, we discuss recent murine and human studies linking infectious diseases with changes occurring at distal mucosal barriers, with particular emphasis on bacterial and viral infections affecting the lung and the gastrointestinal tract. Further, we discuss the potential mechanisms by which pathogens may cause such effects, promoting either protection or susceptibility to secondary infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Melo-González
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javiera Sepúlveda-Alfaro
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Bárbara M. Schultz
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Isidora D. Suazo
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - David L. Boone
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine-South Bend, South Bend, IN, United States
| | - Alexis M. Kalergis
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Susan M. Bueno
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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D’Auria E, Calcaterra V, Verduci E, Ghezzi M, Lamberti R, Vizzuso S, Baldassarre P, Pendezza E, Perico V, Bosetti A, Zuccotti GV. Immunonutrition and SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Children with Obesity. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091701. [PMID: 35565668 PMCID: PMC9101404 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the beginning of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, there has been much discussion about the role of diet and antiviral immunity in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Intake levels of vitamins D, C, B12, and iron have been demonstrated to be correlated with lower COVID-19 incidence and mortality. Obesity has been demonstrated to be an independent risk for the severity of COVID-19 infection in adults and also in children. This may be due to different mechanisms, mainly including the gut dysbiosis status observed in obese children. Moreover, the existence of a gut-lung axis added new knowledge to on the potential mechanisms by which diet and dietary substances may affect immune function. The aim of this narrative review is to address the intricate inter-relationship between COVID-19, immune function, and obesity-related inflammation and to describe the role of nutrients and dietary patterns in enhancing the immune system. Two ways to fight against COVID-19 disease exist: one with an antiviral response through immune system boosting and another with antioxidants with an anti-inflammatory effect. In the current pandemic situation, the intake of a varied and balanced diet, rich in micronutrients and bioactive compounds including fibers, should be recommended. However, clinical studies conducted on children affected by SARS-CoV-2 infection and comorbidity are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enza D’Auria
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (E.D.); (V.C.); (M.G.); (R.L.); (S.V.); (P.B.); (E.P.); (V.P.); (A.B.); (G.V.Z.)
| | - Valeria Calcaterra
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (E.D.); (V.C.); (M.G.); (R.L.); (S.V.); (P.B.); (E.P.); (V.P.); (A.B.); (G.V.Z.)
- Pediatric and Adolescent Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Elvira Verduci
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (E.D.); (V.C.); (M.G.); (R.L.); (S.V.); (P.B.); (E.P.); (V.P.); (A.B.); (G.V.Z.)
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Michele Ghezzi
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (E.D.); (V.C.); (M.G.); (R.L.); (S.V.); (P.B.); (E.P.); (V.P.); (A.B.); (G.V.Z.)
| | - Rossella Lamberti
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (E.D.); (V.C.); (M.G.); (R.L.); (S.V.); (P.B.); (E.P.); (V.P.); (A.B.); (G.V.Z.)
| | - Sara Vizzuso
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (E.D.); (V.C.); (M.G.); (R.L.); (S.V.); (P.B.); (E.P.); (V.P.); (A.B.); (G.V.Z.)
| | - Paola Baldassarre
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (E.D.); (V.C.); (M.G.); (R.L.); (S.V.); (P.B.); (E.P.); (V.P.); (A.B.); (G.V.Z.)
| | - Erica Pendezza
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (E.D.); (V.C.); (M.G.); (R.L.); (S.V.); (P.B.); (E.P.); (V.P.); (A.B.); (G.V.Z.)
| | - Veronica Perico
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (E.D.); (V.C.); (M.G.); (R.L.); (S.V.); (P.B.); (E.P.); (V.P.); (A.B.); (G.V.Z.)
| | - Alessandra Bosetti
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (E.D.); (V.C.); (M.G.); (R.L.); (S.V.); (P.B.); (E.P.); (V.P.); (A.B.); (G.V.Z.)
| | - Gian Vincenzo Zuccotti
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (E.D.); (V.C.); (M.G.); (R.L.); (S.V.); (P.B.); (E.P.); (V.P.); (A.B.); (G.V.Z.)
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science “L. Sacco”, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
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Short-chain fatty acid acetate triggers antiviral response mediated by RIG-I in cells from infants with respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. EBioMedicine 2022; 77:103891. [PMID: 35220042 PMCID: PMC8871125 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.103891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gut microbiota-derived short-chain fatty-acid (SFCA) acetate protects mice against RSV A2 strain infection by increasing interferon-β production and expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). However, the role of SFCA in RSV infection using strains isolated from patients is unknown. Methods We first used RSV clinical strains isolated from infants hospitalized with RSV bronchiolitis to investigate the effects of in vitro SCFA-acetate treatment of human pulmonary epithelial cells. We next examined whether SCFA-acetate treatment is beneficial in a mouse model of RSV infection using clinical isolates. We sought to investigate the relationship of gut microbiota and fecal acetate with disease severity among infants hospitalized with RSV bronchiolitis, and whether treating their respiratory epithelial cells with SCFA-acetate ex-vivo impacts viral load and ISG expression. We further treated epithelial cells from SARS-CoV-2 infected patients with SCFA-acetate. Findings In vitro pre-treatment of A549 cells with SCFA-acetate reduced RSV infection with clinical isolates and increased the expression of RIG-I and ISG15. Animals treated with SCFA-acetate intranasally recovered significantly faster, with reduction in the RSV clinical isolates viral load, and increased lung expression of IFNB1 and the RIG-I. Experiments in RIG-I knockout A549 cells demonstrated that the protection relies on RIG-I presence. Gut microbial profile was associated with bronchiolitis severity and with acetate in stool. Increased SCFA-acetate levels were associated with increasing oxygen saturation at admission, and shorter duration of fever. Ex-vivo treatment of patients’ respiratory cells with SCFA-acetate reduced RSV load and increased expression of ISGs OAS1 and ISG15, and virus recognition receptors MAVS and RIG-I, but not IFNB1. These SCFA-acetate effects were not found on cells from SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. Interpretation SCFA-acetate reduces the severity of RSV infection and RSV viral load through modulation of RIG-I expression. Funding FAPERGS (FAPERGS/MS/CNPq/SESRS no. 03/2017 - PPSUS 17/2551-0001380-8 and COVID-19 20/2551-0000258-6); CNPq 312504/2017-9; CAPES) - Finance Code 001.
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50
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Govers C, Calder PC, Savelkoul HFJ, Albers R, van Neerven RJJ. Ingestion, Immunity, and Infection: Nutrition and Viral Respiratory Tract Infections. Front Immunol 2022; 13:841532. [PMID: 35296080 PMCID: PMC8918570 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.841532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory infections place a heavy burden on the health care system, particularly in the winter months. Individuals with a vulnerable immune system, such as very young children and the elderly, and those with an immune deficiency, are at increased risk of contracting a respiratory infection. Most respiratory infections are relatively mild and affect the upper respiratory tract only, but other infections can be more serious. These can lead to pneumonia and be life-threatening in vulnerable groups. Rather than focus entirely on treating the symptoms of infectious disease, optimizing immune responsiveness to the pathogens causing these infections may help steer towards a more favorable outcome. Nutrition may have a role in such prevention through different immune supporting mechanisms. Nutrition contributes to the normal functioning of the immune system, with various nutrients acting as energy sources and building blocks during the immune response. Many micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) act as regulators of molecular responses of immune cells to infection. It is well described that chronic undernutrition as well as specific micronutrient deficiencies impair many aspects of the immune response and make individuals more susceptible to infectious diseases, especially in the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. In addition, other dietary components such as proteins, pre-, pro- and synbiotics, and also animal- and plant-derived bioactive components can further support the immune system. Both the innate and adaptive defense systems contribute to active antiviral respiratory tract immunity. The initial response to viral airway infections is through recognition by the innate immune system of viral components leading to activation of adaptive immune cells in the form of cytotoxic T cells, the production of neutralizing antibodies and the induction of memory T and B cell responses. The aim of this review is to describe the effects of a range different dietary components on anti-infective innate as well as adaptive immune responses and to propose mechanisms by which they may interact with the immune system in the respiratory tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coen Govers
- Cell Biology and Immunology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Philip C. Calder
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Huub F. J. Savelkoul
- Cell Biology and Immunology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | | | - R. J. Joost van Neerven
- Cell Biology and Immunology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Research & Development, FrieslandCampina, Amersfoort, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: R. J. Joost van Neerven,
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