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Rao Y, Li J, Shi L, Chen X, Hu Y, Mao Y, Zhang X, Liu X. Silencing CK19 regulates ferroptosis by affecting the expression of GPX4 and ACSL4 in oral squamous cell carcinoma in vivo and in vitro. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15968. [PMID: 38987531 PMCID: PMC11237079 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65079-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
To analyze the mechanism of how interfering with the cytokeratin 19 (CK19) pathway via the ferroptosis pathway affects tumor biological behaviors in the process of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) development. TCGA was used to analyze the expression of CK19 in pan-cancer and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC) and to explore the ferroptosis-related genes related to HNSC. The effect of silencing CK19 on the migration ability of HSC-4 cells was verified by wound healing and migration assay. HSC-4 cells with silencing of CK19 and tumor-bearing nude mouse model were constructed. RT-qPCR, immunofluorescence and western blot were used to analyze the expression of ferroptosis-related genes. CK19 is highly expressed in human OSCC and nude mice. The migration ability of cells in the CK19-silenced group was lower than that of the control group. In vivo and in vitro, CK19 was negatively correlated with the expression of ACSL4 and positively correlated with the expression of GPX4. Compared with the control group, GPX4 expression was down-regulated and ACSL4 expression was up-regulated in the CK19-silenced group. Silencing CK19 also increased intracellular Fe2+ content and MDA content. Silencing CK19 can affect the expression of GPX4 and ACSL4 to regulate ferroptosis and at the same time increase the content of MDA, Fe2+ and ROS levels, thereby activating the regulation of ferroptosis pathway in the development of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Rao
- Department of Periodontics & Oral Mucosal Diseases, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Jingying Li
- Department of Periodontics & Oral Mucosal Diseases, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Lijuan Shi
- Department of Periodontics & Oral Mucosal Diseases, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Oral Medicine, Sichuan Vocational College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Mianyang, 621000, Sichuan, China
- Department of Orthodontics, Mianyang Stomatological Hospital, Mianyang, 621000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yun Hu
- Department of Periodontics & Oral Mucosal Diseases, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yalin Mao
- Department of Periodontics & Oral Mucosal Diseases, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Department of Periodontics & Oral Mucosal Diseases, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xuqian Liu
- Department of Periodontics & Oral Mucosal Diseases, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
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Bartolini D, Stabile AM, Migni A, Gurrado F, Lioci G, De Franco F, Mandarano M, Svegliati-Baroni G, Di Cristina M, Bellezza G, Rende M, Galli F. Subcellular distribution and Nrf2/Keap1-interacting properties of Glutathione S-transferase P in hepatocellular carcinoma. Arch Biochem Biophys 2024; 757:110043. [PMID: 38789086 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2024.110043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
The oncogene and drug metabolism enzyme glutathione S-transferase P (GSTP) is also a GSH-dependent chaperone of signal transduction and transcriptional proteins with key role in liver carcinogenesis. In this study, we explored this role of GSTP in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) investigating the possible interaction of this protein with one of its transcription factor and metronome of the cancer cell redox, namely the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Expression, cellular distribution, and function as glutathionylation factor of GSTP1-1 isoform were investigated in the mouse model of N-nitrosodiethylamine (DEN)-induced HCC and in vitro in human HCC cell lines. The physical and functional interaction of GSTP protein with Nrf2 and Keap1 were investigated by immunoprecipitation and gene manipulation experiments. GSTP protein increased its liver expression, enzymatic activity and nuclear levels during DEN-induced tumor development in mice; protein glutathionylation (PSSG) was increased in the tumor masses. Higher levels and a preferential nuclear localization of GSTP protein were also observed in HepG2 and Huh-7 hepatocarcinoma cells compared to HepaRG non-cancerous cells, along with increased basal and Ebselen-stimulated levels of free GSH and PSSG. GSTP activity inhibition with the GSH analogue EZT induced apoptotic cell death in HCC cells. Hepatic Nrf2 and c-Jun, two transcription factors involved in GSTP expression and GSH biosynthesis, were induced in DEN-HCC compared to control animals; the Nrf2 inhibitory proteins Keap1 and β-TrCP also increased and oligomeric forms of GSTP co-immunoprecipitated with both Nrf2 and Keap1. Nrf2 nuclear translocation and β-TrCP expression also increased in HCC cells, and GSTP transfection in HepaRG cells induced Nrf2 activation. In conclusion, GSTP expression and subcellular distribution are modified in HCC cells and apparently contribute to the GSH-dependent reprogramming of the cellular redox in this type of cancer directly influencing the transcriptional system Nrf2/Keap1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desirée Bartolini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06126, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Anna Maria Stabile
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Anna Migni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06126, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Fabio Gurrado
- Department of Gastroenterology, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Gessica Lioci
- Department of Gastroenterology, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy.
| | | | - Martina Mandarano
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Gianluca Svegliati-Baroni
- Department of Gastroenterology, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy; Obesity Center, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy and Liver Injury and Transplant Unit, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Manlio Di Cristina
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Guido Bellezza
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Mario Rende
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Francesco Galli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06126, Perugia, Italy.
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Dittmar MC, Tohidnezhad M, Fragoulis A, Bücker A, Stein M, Pufe T, Kubo Y. Pharmacological effects of methysticin and L-sulforaphane through the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway in MLO-Y4 osteocytes: in vitro study. Ann Anat 2024; 254:152260. [PMID: 38521364 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of many skeletal diseases by inducing osteocyte death. The transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a master regulator of various antioxidant gene expressions through antioxidant response element (ARE) against cellular oxidative stress and can be induced by various stimulants, including the phytochemicals methysticin (MET) and L-sulforaphane (SFN). This study aimed to establish an osteocyte in vitro model to investigate the pharmacological effects of MET and SFN on the Nrf2/ARE pathway. METHODS MLO-Y4 murine osteocytes and the stably transduced MLO-Y4-SIN-lenti-ARE reporter gene cell line were used. MET and SFN were used as Nrf2 inducers. The cytotoxicity of MET, SFN, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was evaluated using the CytoTox-Glo™ Assay. Time- and dose-dependent ARE induction was examined by Monoluciferase Assay. The mRNA and protein expressions of Nrf2 target markers, such as heme-oxygenase 1 (Ho-1), NADPH quinone dehydrogenase 1 (Nqo1), and thioredoxin reductase 1 (Txnrd1), were detected by RT-qPCR, Western Blot, and immunofluorescence staining, respectively. Osteogenesis markers, osteopontin, and osteocalcin were compared with and without treatment by immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS The experimental data showed that MET and SFN induced ARE activity in a time- and dose-dependent manner and increased the mRNA and protein expression of antioxidant markers compared to vehicle-treated controls. The protein expression of osteopontin and osteocalcin in the samples treated with SFN were significantly higher than without treatment, and the number of cell death treated with SFN was significantly lower than without treatment under H2O2-induced stress conditions. CONCLUSIONS Nrf2 inducers MET and SFN increased the mRNA expression of antioxidant genes through the Nrf2/ARE pathway in osteocytes. Notably, SFN increased the protein expression of osteocyte-associated osteogenic markers and suppressed cell death under H2O2-induced stress condition. Thus, Nrf2 stimulators can exert stress-relieving and osteogenic effects on osteocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Charlotte Dittmar
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Wendlingweg 2, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Mersedeh Tohidnezhad
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Wendlingweg 2, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Athanassios Fragoulis
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Wendlingweg 2, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Annette Bücker
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Wendlingweg 2, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Matthias Stein
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Wendlingweg 2, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Thomas Pufe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Wendlingweg 2, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Yusuke Kubo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Wendlingweg 2, Aachen 52074, Germany; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
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Jebanesan DZP, Illangeswaran RSS, Rajamani BM, Vidhyadharan RT, Das S, Bijukumar NK, Balakrishnan B, Mathews V, Velayudhan SR, Balasubramanian P. Inhibition of NRF2 signaling overcomes acquired resistance to arsenic trioxide in FLT3-mutated Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Ann Hematol 2024; 103:1919-1929. [PMID: 38630133 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-024-05742-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
De novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients with FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 internal tandem duplications (FLT3-ITD) have worse treatment outcomes. Arsenic trioxide (ATO) used in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) has been reported to be effective in degrading the FLT3 protein in AML cell lines and sensitizing non-APL AML patient samples in-vitro. We have previously reported that primary cells from FLT3-ITD mutated AML patients were sensitive to ATO in-vitro compared to other non-M3 AML and molecular/pharmacological inhibition of NF-E2 related factor 2 (NRF2), a master regulator of antioxidant response improved the chemosensitivity to ATO and daunorubicin even in non FLT3-ITD mutated cell lines and primary samples. We examined the effects of molecular/pharmacological suppression of NRF2 on acquired ATO resistance in the FLT3-ITD mutant AML cell line (MV4-11-ATO-R). ATO-R cells showed increased NRF2 expression, nuclear localization, and upregulation of bonafide NRF2 targets. Molecular inhibition of NRF2 in this resistant cell line improved ATO sensitivity in vitro. Digoxin treatment lowered p-AKT expression, abrogating nuclear NRF2 localization and sensitizing cells to ATO. However, digoxin and ATO did not sensitize non-ITD AML cell line THP1 with high NRF2 expression. Digoxin decreased leukemic burden and prolonged survival in MV4-11 ATO-R xenograft mice. We establish that altering NRF2 expression may reverse acquired ATO resistance in FLT3-ITD AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Zechariah Paul Jebanesan
- Department of Hematology, Christian Medical College Vellore-Ranipet Campus, Tamil Nadu, Vellore, 632517, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | | | - Bharathi M Rajamani
- Department of Hematology, Christian Medical College Vellore-Ranipet Campus, Tamil Nadu, Vellore, 632517, India
| | | | - Saswati Das
- Department of Hematology, Christian Medical College Vellore-Ranipet Campus, Tamil Nadu, Vellore, 632517, India
| | - Nayanthara K Bijukumar
- Department of Hematology, Christian Medical College Vellore-Ranipet Campus, Tamil Nadu, Vellore, 632517, India
| | - Balaji Balakrishnan
- Department of Hematology, Christian Medical College Vellore-Ranipet Campus, Tamil Nadu, Vellore, 632517, India
- Department of Integrative Biology, School of BioSciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Vikram Mathews
- Department of Hematology, Christian Medical College Vellore-Ranipet Campus, Tamil Nadu, Vellore, 632517, India
| | - Shaji R Velayudhan
- Department of Hematology, Christian Medical College Vellore-Ranipet Campus, Tamil Nadu, Vellore, 632517, India
- Adjunct Scientist, Centre for Stem Cell Research, A Unit of InStem Bengaluru, CMC Campus, Vellore, India
| | - Poonkuzhali Balasubramanian
- Department of Hematology, Christian Medical College Vellore-Ranipet Campus, Tamil Nadu, Vellore, 632517, India.
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5
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Chen M, Fang Y, Ge Y, Qiu S, Dworkin L, Gong R. The redox-sensitive GSK3β is a key regulator of glomerular podocyte injury in type 2 diabetic kidney disease. Redox Biol 2024; 72:103127. [PMID: 38527400 PMCID: PMC10979123 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that GSK3β, a redox-sensitive transducer downstream of insulin signaling, acts as a convergent point for myriad pathways implicated in kidney injury, repair, and regeneration. However, its role in diabetic kidney disease remains controversial. In cultured glomerular podocytes, exposure to a milieu of type 2 diabetes elicited prominent signs of podocyte injury and degeneration, marked by loss of homeostatic marker proteins like synaptopodin, actin cytoskeleton disruption, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and stress-induced premature senescence, as shown by increased staining for senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity, amplified formation of γH2AX foci, and elevated expression of mediators of senescence signaling, like p21 and p16INK4A. These degenerative changes coincided with GSK3β hyperactivity, as evidenced by GSK3β overexpression and reduced inhibitory phosphorylation of GSK3β, and were averted by tideglusib, a highly-selective small molecule inhibitor of GSK3β. In agreement, post-hoc analysis of a publicly-available glomerular transcriptomics dataset from patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy revealed that the curated diabetic nephropathy-related gene set was enriched in high GSK3β expression group. Mechanistically, GSK3β-modulated nuclear factor Nrf2 signaling is involved in diabetic podocytopathy, because GSK3β knockdown reinforced Nrf2 antioxidant response and suppressed oxidative stress, resulting in an improvement in podocyte injury and senescence. Conversely, ectopic expression of the constitutively active mutant of GSK3β impaired Nrf2 antioxidant response and augmented oxidative stress, culminating in an exacerbated diabetic podocyte injury and senescence. Moreover, IRS-1 was found to be a cognate substrate of GSK3β for phosphorylation at IRS-1S332, which negatively regulates IRS-1 activity. GSK3β hyperactivity promoted IRS-1 phosphorylation, denoting a desensitized insulin signaling. Consistently, in vivo in db/db mice with diabetic nephropathy, GSK3β was hyperactive in glomerular podocytes, associated with IRS-1 hyperphosphorylation, impaired Nrf2 response and premature senescence. Our finding suggests that GSK3β is likely a novel therapeutic target for treating type 2 diabetic glomerular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxuan Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Yudong Fang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Yan Ge
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Shuhao Qiu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Lance Dworkin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH, USA; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Rujun Gong
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH, USA; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH, USA; Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH, USA.
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Habtemariam S. Anti-Inflammatory Therapeutic Mechanisms of Isothiocyanates: Insights from Sulforaphane. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1169. [PMID: 38927376 PMCID: PMC11200786 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12061169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Isothiocyanates (ITCs) belong to a group of natural products that possess a highly reactive electrophilic -N=C=S functional group. They are stored in plants as precursor molecules, glucosinolates, which are processed by the tyrosinase enzyme upon plant tissue damage to release ITCs, along with other products. Isolated from broccoli, sulforaphane is by far the most studied antioxidant ITC, acting primarily through the induction of a transcription factor, the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which upregulates downstream antioxidant genes/proteins. Paradoxically, sulforaphane, as a pro-oxidant compound, can also increase the levels of reactive oxygen species, a mechanism which is attributed to its anticancer effect. Beyond highlighting the common pro-oxidant and antioxidant effects of sulforaphane, the present paper was designed to assess the diverse anti-inflammatory mechanisms reported to date using a variety of in vitro and in vivo experimental models. Sulforaphane downregulates the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, cycloxyhenase-2, and inducible nitric oxide synthase. The signalling pathways of nuclear factor κB, activator protein 1, sirtuins 1, silent information regulator sirtuin 1 and 3, and microRNAs are among those affected by sulforaphane. These anti-inflammatory actions are sometimes due to direct action via interaction with the sulfhydryl structural moiety of cysteine residues in enzymes/proteins. The following are among the topics discussed in this paper: paradoxical signalling pathways such as the immunosuppressant or immunostimulant mechanisms; crosstalk between the oxidative and inflammatory pathways; and effects dependent on health and disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon Habtemariam
- Pharmacognosy Research & Herbal Analysis Services UK, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham-Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK
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Lee RJ, Adappa ND, Palmer JN. Effects of Akt Activator SC79 on Human M0 Macrophage Phagocytosis and Cytokine Production. Cells 2024; 13:902. [PMID: 38891035 PMCID: PMC11171788 DOI: 10.3390/cells13110902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Akt is an important kinase in metabolism. Akt also phosphorylates and activates endothelial and neuronal nitric oxide (NO) synthases (eNOS and nNOS, respectively) expressed in M0 (unpolarized) macrophages. We showed that e/nNOS NO production downstream of bitter taste receptors enhances macrophage phagocytosis. In airway epithelial cells, we also showed that the activation of Akt by a small molecule (SC79) enhances NO production and increases levels of nuclear Nrf2, which reduces IL-8 transcription during concomitant stimulation with Toll-like receptor (TLR) 5 agonist flagellin. We hypothesized that SC79's production of NO in macrophages might likewise enhance phagocytosis and reduce the transcription of some pro-inflammatory cytokines. Using live cell imaging of fluorescent biosensors and indicator dyes, we found that SC79 induces Akt activation, NO production, and downstream cGMP production in primary human M0 macrophages. This was accompanied by a reduction in IL-6, IL-8, and IL-12 production during concomitant stimulation with bacterial lipopolysaccharide, an agonist of pattern recognition receptors including TLR4. Pharmacological inhibitors suggested that this effect was dependent on Akt and Nrf2. Together, these data suggest that several macrophage immune pathways are regulated by SC79 via Akt. A small-molecule Akt activator may be useful in some infection settings, warranting future in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (N.D.A.); (J.N.P.)
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nithin D. Adappa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (N.D.A.); (J.N.P.)
| | - James N. Palmer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (N.D.A.); (J.N.P.)
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Patibandla C, van Aalten L, Dinkova-Kostova AT, Honda T, Cuadrado A, Fernández-Ginés R, McNeilly AD, Hayes JD, Cantley J, Sutherland C. Inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3 enhances NRF2 protein stability, nuclear localisation and target gene transcription in pancreatic beta cells. Redox Biol 2024; 71:103117. [PMID: 38479223 PMCID: PMC10950707 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of reactive oxygen species (i.e., oxidative stress) is a leading cause of beta cell dysfunction and apoptosis in diabetes. NRF2 (NF-E2 p45-related factor-2) regulates the adaptation to oxidative stress, and its activity is negatively regulated by the redox-sensitive CUL3 (cullin-3) ubiquitin ligase substrate adaptor KEAP1 (Kelch-like ECH-associated protein-1). Additionally, NRF2 is repressed by the insulin-regulated Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 (GSK3). We have demonstrated that phosphorylation of NRF2 by GSK3 enhances β-TrCP (beta-transducin repeat-containing protein) binding and ubiquitylation by CUL1 (cullin-1), resulting in increased proteasomal degradation of NRF2. Thus, we hypothesise that inhibition of GSK3 activity or β-TrCP binding upregulates NRF2 and so protects beta cells against oxidative stress. We have found that treating the pancreatic beta cell line INS-1 832/13 with the KEAP1 inhibitor TBE31 significantly enhanced NRF2 protein levels. The presence of the GSK3 inhibitor CT99021 or the β-TrCP-NRF2 protein-protein interaction inhibitor PHAR, along with TBE31, resulted in prolonged NRF2 stability and enhanced nuclear localisation (P < 0.05). TBE31-mediated induction of NRF2-target genes encoding NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (Nqo1), glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier (Gclm) subunit and heme oxygenase (Hmox1) was significantly enhanced by the presence of CT99021 or PHAR (P < 0.05) in both INS-1 832/13 and in isolated mouse islets. Identical results were obtained using structurally distinct GSK3 inhibitors and inhibition of KEAP1 with sulforaphane. In summary, we demonstrate that GSK3 and β-TrCP/CUL1 regulate the proteasomal degradation of NRF2, enhancing the impact of KEAP1 regulation, and so contributes to the redox status of pancreatic beta cells. Inhibition of GSK3, or β-TrCP/CUL1 binding to NRF2 may represent a strategy to protect beta cells from oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinmai Patibandla
- Division of Cellular & Systems Medicine, James Arnott Drive, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, Scotland, United Kingdom.
| | - Lidy van Aalten
- Division of Cellular & Systems Medicine, James Arnott Drive, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Albena T Dinkova-Kostova
- Division of Cellular & Systems Medicine, James Arnott Drive, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Tadashi Honda
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA; Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Antonio Cuadrado
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale UAM-CSIC, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz) and Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Fernández-Ginés
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale UAM-CSIC, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz) and Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alison D McNeilly
- Division of Cellular & Systems Medicine, James Arnott Drive, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - John D Hayes
- Division of Cellular & Systems Medicine, James Arnott Drive, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - James Cantley
- Division of Cellular & Systems Medicine, James Arnott Drive, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Calum Sutherland
- Division of Cellular & Systems Medicine, James Arnott Drive, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, Scotland, United Kingdom
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Lukomska A, Frost MP, Theune WC, Xing J, Gupta M, Trakhtenberg EF. Nfe2l3 promotes neuroprotection and long-distance axon regeneration after injury in vivo. Exp Neurol 2024; 375:114741. [PMID: 38395216 PMCID: PMC10981571 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid 2 like (Nfe2l) gene family members 1-3 mediate cellular response to oxidative stress, including in the central nervous system (CNS). However, neuronal functions of Nfe2l3 are unknown. Here, we comparatively evaluated expression of Nfe2l1, Nfe2l2, and Nfe2l3 in singe cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq)-profiled cortical and retinal ganglion cell (RGC) CNS projection neurons, investigated whether Nfe2l3 regulates neuroprotection and axon regeneration after CNS injury in vivo, and characterized a gene network associated with Nfe2l3 in neurons. We showed that, Nfe2l3 expression transiently peaks in developing immature cortical and RGC projection neurons, but is nearly abolished in adult neurons and is not upregulated after injury. Furthermore, within the retina, Nfe2l3 is enriched in RGCs, primarily neonatally, and not upregulated in injured RGCs, whereas Nfe2l1 and Nfe2l2 are expressed robustly in other retinal cell types as well and are upregulated in injured RGCs. We also found that, expressing Nfe2l3 in injured RGCs through localized intralocular viral vector delivery promotes neuroprotection and long-distance axon regeneration after optic nerve injury in vivo. Moreover, Nfe2l3 provided a similar extent of neuroprotection and axon regeneration as viral vector-targeting of Pten and Klf9, which are prominent regulators of neuroprotection and long-distance axon regeneration. Finally, we bioinformatically characterized a gene network associated with Nfe2l3 in neurons, which predicted the association of Nfe2l3 with established mechanisms of neuroprotection and axon regeneration. Thus, Nfe2l3 is a novel neuroprotection and axon regeneration-promoting factor with a therapeutic potential for treating CNS injury and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Lukomska
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Matthew P Frost
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - William C Theune
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Jian Xing
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Mahit Gupta
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Ephraim F Trakhtenberg
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
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10
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Tarot P, Lasbleiz C, Liévens JC. NRF2 signaling cascade in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: bridging the gap between promise and reality. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1006-1012. [PMID: 37862202 PMCID: PMC10749620 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.385283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a very disabling disease due to the degeneration of motor neurons. Symptoms include muscle weakness and atrophy, spasticity, and progressive paralysis. Currently, there is no treatment to reverse damage to motor neurons and cure amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The only two treatments actually approved, riluzole and edaravone, have shown mitigated beneficial effects. The difficulty to find a cure lies in the complexity and multifaceted pattern of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis pathogenesis. Among mechanisms, abnormal RNA metabolism, nucleocytoplasmic transport defects, accumulation of unfolded protein, and mitochondrial dysfunction would in fine induce oxidative damage and vice versa. A potent therapeutic strategy will be to find molecules that break this vicious circle. Sharpening the nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 signaling may fulfill this objective since nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 has a multitarget profile controlling antioxidant defense, mitochondrial functioning, and inflammation. We here discuss the interest of developing nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2-based therapy in regard to the pathophysiological mechanisms and we provide a general overview of the attempted clinical assays in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Tarot
- MMDN, Univ Montpellier, EPHE, INSERM, Montpellier, France
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11
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Ghosh R, Fatahian AN, Rouzbehani OMT, Hathaway MA, Mosleh T, Vinod V, Vowles S, Stephens SL, Chung SLD, Cao ID, Jonnavithula A, Symons JD, Boudina S. Sequestosome 1 (p62) mitigates hypoxia-induced cardiac dysfunction by stabilizing hypoxia-inducible factor 1α and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2. Cardiovasc Res 2024; 120:531-547. [PMID: 38332738 PMCID: PMC11060490 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvae023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Heart failure due to ischaemic heart disease (IHD) is a leading cause of mortality worldwide. A major contributing factor to IHD-induced cardiac damage is hypoxia. Sequestosome 1 (p62) is a multi-functional adaptor protein with pleiotropic roles in autophagy, proteostasis, inflammation, and cancer. Despite abundant expression in cardiomyocytes, the role of p62 in cardiac physiology is not well understood. We hypothesized that cardiomyocyte-specific p62 deletion evokes hypoxia-induced cardiac pathology by impairing hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (Hif-1α) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signalling. METHODS AND RESULTS Adult mice with germline deletion of cardiomyocyte p62 exhibited mild cardiac dysfunction under normoxic conditions. Transcriptomic analyses revealed a selective impairment in Nrf2 target genes in the hearts from these mice. Demonstrating the functional importance of this adaptor protein, adult mice with inducible depletion of cardiomyocyte p62 displayed hypoxia-induced contractile dysfunction, oxidative stress, and cell death. Mechanistically, p62-depleted hearts exhibit impaired Hif-1α and Nrf2 transcriptional activity. Because findings from these two murine models suggested a cardioprotective role for p62, mechanisms were evaluated using H9c2 cardiomyoblasts. Loss of p62 in H9c2 cells exposed to hypoxia reduced Hif-1α and Nrf2 protein levels. Further, the lack of p62 decreased Nrf2 protein expression, nuclear translocation, and transcriptional activity. Repressed Nrf2 activity associated with heightened Nrf2-Keap1 co-localization in p62-deficient cells, which was concurrent with increased Nrf2 ubiquitination facilitated by the E3 ligase Cullin 3, followed by proteasomal-mediated degradation. Substantiating our results, a gain of p62 in H9c2 cells stabilized Nrf2 and increased the transcriptional activity of Nrf2 downstream targets. CONCLUSION Cardiac p62 mitigates hypoxia-induced cardiac dysfunction by stabilizing Hif-1α and Nrf2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeshwary Ghosh
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Molecular Medicine Program (U2M2), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Amir Nima Fatahian
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Omid M T Rouzbehani
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Marissa A Hathaway
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Tariq Mosleh
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Vishaka Vinod
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Sidney Vowles
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Sophie L Stephens
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Siu-Lai Desmond Chung
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Isaac D Cao
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Anila Jonnavithula
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - J David Symons
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Molecular Medicine Program (U2M2), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Sihem Boudina
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Molecular Medicine Program (U2M2), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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12
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Culletta G, Buttari B, Arese M, Brogi S, Almerico AM, Saso L, Tutone M. Natural products as non-covalent and covalent modulators of the KEAP1/NRF2 pathway exerting antioxidant effects. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 270:116355. [PMID: 38555855 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
By controlling several antioxidant and detoxifying genes at the transcriptional level, including NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRPs), UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT), glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic (GCLC) and modifier (GCLM) subunits, glutathione S-transferase (GST), sulfiredoxin1 (SRXN1), and heme-oxygenase-1 (HMOX1), the KEAP1/NRF2 pathway plays a crucial role in the oxidative stress response. Accordingly, the discovery of modulators of this pathway, activating cellular signaling through NRF2, and targeting the antioxidant response element (ARE) genes is pivotal for the development of effective antioxidant agents. In this context, natural products could represent promising drug candidates for supplementation to provide antioxidant capacity to human cells. In recent decades, by coupling in silico and experimental methods, several natural products have been characterized to exert antioxidant effects by targeting the KEAP1/NRF2 pathway. In this review article, we analyze several natural products that were investigated experimentally and in silico for their ability to modulate KEAP1/NRF2 by non-covalent and covalent mechanisms. These latter represent the two main sections of this article. For each class of inhibitors, we reviewed their antioxidant effects and potential therapeutic applications, and where possible, we analyzed the structure-activity relationship (SAR). Moreover, the main computational techniques used for the most promising identified compounds are detailed in this survey, providing an updated view on the development of natural products as antioxidant agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Culletta
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università Degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Brigitta Buttari
- Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-metabolic Diseases, and Aging, Italian National Institute of Health, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Marzia Arese
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Brogi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy; Bioinformatics Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, 81746-73461, Iran.
| | - Anna Maria Almerico
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università Degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, P.Le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Tutone
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università Degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123, Palermo, Italy.
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13
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Peggion S, Najem S, Kolman JP, Reinshagen K, Pagerols Raluy L. Revisiting Neuroblastoma: Nrf2, NF-κB and Phox2B as a Promising Network in Neuroblastoma. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:3193-3208. [PMID: 38666930 PMCID: PMC11048850 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46040200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the most common solid extracranial tumor during childhood; it displays extraordinary heterogeneous clinical courses, from spontaneous regression to poor outcome in high-risk patients due to aggressive growth, metastasizing, and treatment resistance. Therefore, the identification and detailed analysis of promising tumorigenic molecular mechanisms are inevitable. This review highlights the abnormal regulation of NF-κB, Nrf2, and Phox2B as well as their interactions among each other in neuroblastoma. NF-κB and Nrf2 play a key role in antioxidant responses, anti-inflammatory regulation and tumor chemoresistance. Recent studies revealed a regulation of NF-κB by means of the Nrf2/antioxidant response element (ARE) system. On the other hand, Phox2B contributes to the differentiation of immature sympathetic nervous system stem cells: this transcription factor regulates the expression of RET, thereby facilitating cell survival and proliferation. As observed in other tumors, we presume striking interactions between NF-κB, Nrf2, and Phox2B, which might constitute an important crosstalk triangle, whose decompensation may trigger a more aggressive phenotype. Consequently, these transcription factors could be a promising target for novel therapeutic approaches and hence, further investigation on their regulation in neuroblastoma shall be reinforced.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Laia Pagerols Raluy
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
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14
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Alsabaani NA, Amawi K, Eleawa SM, Nabeel Ibrahim W, Aldhaban W, Alaraj AM, Alkhalaf B, Sami W, Alshaikhli H, Alkhateeb MA. Nrf-2-dependent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects underlie the protective effect of esculeoside A against retinal damage in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116461. [PMID: 38503237 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Esculeoside A (ESA) is a tomato-derived glycoside with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The protective effect of ESA against diabetic retinopathy is not well-investigated and was the core objective of this study. In addition, we tested if such protection involves the activation of Nrf2 signaling. Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) was induced in adult Wistar male rats by an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (65 mg/kg). Non-diabetic and T1DM rats were divided into two subgroup groups given either the vehicle or ESA (100 mg)/kg. An additional T1DM group was given ESA (100 mg/kg) and an Nrf2 inhibitor (2 mg/kg) (n=8 rats/group). Treatments continued for 12 weeks. In this study, according to the histological features, ESA improved the structure of ganglionic cells and increased the number of cells of the inner nuclear and plexiform layers in the retinas of T1DM rats. Concomitantly, it reduced the retina levels of malondialdehyde (lipid peroxides), vascular endothelial growth factor, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, Bax, and caspase-3. In the retinas of the control and diabetic rats, ESA boosted the levels of total glutathione, superoxide dismutase, heme-oxygenase-1, and Bcl2, reduced the mRNA levels of REDD1, and enhanced cytoplasmic and nuclear levels of Nrf2. However, ESA failed to alter the mRNA levels of Nrf2 and keap1, protein levels of keap1, plasma glucose, plasma insulin, serum triglycerides, cholesterol, and LDL-c in both the control and T1DM rats. In conclusion, ESA alleviates retinopathy in T1DM rats by suppressing REDD1-associated degradation and inhibiting the Nrf2/antioxidant axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser A Alsabaani
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha P.O.Box 61421, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Kawther Amawi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Zarqa University, Al-Zarqa, P.O. Box: 132222, Jordan.
| | - Samy M Eleawa
- Department of Applied Medical Sciences. College of Health Sciences, Public Authority for Applied Education and Training (PAAET), Kuwait P.O. Box: 2378, Kuwait.
| | - Wisam Nabeel Ibrahim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU health, Qatar University, Doha, P.O. Box: 2713, Qatar.
| | - Walid Aldhaban
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha P.O.Box 61421, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ahmad Mohammad Alaraj
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Qassim P.O. Box 52751, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Badr Alkhalaf
- Department of Environmental Sciences. College of Health Health Sciences, PAAET, Kuwait.
| | - Waqas Sami
- Department of pre-clinical affairs, College of Nursing, QU health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box: 2713, Qatar.
| | - Hisham Alshaikhli
- Department of pre-clinical affairs, College of Nursing, QU health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box: 2713, Qatar.
| | - Mahmoud A Alkhateeb
- Department of pre-clinical affairs, College of Nursing, QU health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box: 2713, Qatar.
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15
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Xi C, Palani C, Takezaki M, Shi H, Horuzsko A, Pace BS, Zhu X. Simvastatin-Mediated Nrf2 Activation Induces Fetal Hemoglobin and Antioxidant Enzyme Expression to Ameliorate the Phenotype of Sickle Cell Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:337. [PMID: 38539870 PMCID: PMC10968127 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13030337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a pathophysiological condition of chronic hemolysis, oxidative stress, and elevated inflammation. The transcription factor Nrf2 is a master regulator of oxidative stress. Here, we report that the FDA-approved oral agent simvastatin, an inhibitor of hydroxymethyl-glutaryl coenzyme A reductase, significantly activates the expression of Nrf2 and antioxidant enzymes. Simvastatin also induces fetal hemoglobin expression in SCD patient primary erythroid progenitors and a transgenic mouse model. Simvastatin alleviates SCD symptoms by decreasing hemoglobin S sickling, oxidative stress, and inflammatory stress in erythroblasts. Particularly, simvastatin increases cellular levels of cystine, the precursor for the biosynthesis of the antioxidant reduced glutathione, and decreases the iron content in SCD mouse spleen and liver tissues. Mechanistic studies suggest that simvastatin suppresses the expression of the critical histone methyltransferase enhancer of zeste homolog 2 to reduce both global and gene-specific histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation. These chromatin structural changes promote the assembly of transcription complexes to fetal γ-globin and antioxidant gene regulatory regions in an antioxidant response element-dependent manner. In summary, our findings suggest that simvastatin activates fetal hemoglobin and antioxidant protein expression, modulates iron and cystine/reduced glutathione levels to improve the phenotype of SCD, and represents a therapeutic strategy for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Xi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (C.X.); (C.P.)
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA (A.H.)
| | - Chithra Palani
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (C.X.); (C.P.)
| | - Mayuko Takezaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (C.X.); (C.P.)
| | - Huidong Shi
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA (A.H.)
| | - Anatolij Horuzsko
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA (A.H.)
| | - Betty S. Pace
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (C.X.); (C.P.)
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA (A.H.)
| | - Xingguo Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (C.X.); (C.P.)
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA (A.H.)
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16
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Khassafi N, Azami Tameh A, Mirzaei H, Rafat A, Barati S, Khassafi N, Vahidinia Z. Crosstalk between Nrf2 signaling pathway and inflammation in ischemic stroke: Mechanisms of action and therapeutic implications. Exp Neurol 2024; 373:114655. [PMID: 38110142 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
One of the major causes of long-term disability and mortality is ischemic stroke that enjoys limited treatment approaches. On the one hand, oxidative stress, induced by excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), plays a critical role in post-stroke inflammatory response. Increased ROS generation is one of the basic factors in the progression of stroke-induced neuroinflammation. Moreover, intravenous (IV) thrombolysis using recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) as the only medication approved for patients with acute ischemic stroke who suffer from some clinical restrictions it could not cover the complicated episodes that happen after stroke. Thus, identifying novel therapeutic targets is crucial for successful preparation of new medicines. Recent evidence indicates that the transcription factor Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) contributes significantly to regulating the antioxidant production in cytosol, which causes antiinflammatory effects on neurons. New findings have shown a relationship between activation of the Nrf2 and glial cells, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway, the nucleotide-binding domain (NOD)-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome signaling, and expression of inflammatory markers, suggesting induction of Nrf2 activation can represent a promising therapeutic alternative as the modulators of Nrf2 dependent pathways for targeting inflammatory responses in neural tissue. Hence, this review addresses the relationship of Nrf2 signaling with inflammation and Nrf2 activators' potential as therapeutic agents. This review helps to improve required knowledge for focused therapy and the creation of modern and improved treatment choices for patients with ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Khassafi
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Azami Tameh
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Ali Rafat
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Shirin Barati
- Department of Anatomy, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran
| | - Negin Khassafi
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Zeinab Vahidinia
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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17
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Xiang Y, Song X, Long D. Ferroptosis regulation through Nrf2 and implications for neurodegenerative diseases. Arch Toxicol 2024; 98:579-615. [PMID: 38265475 PMCID: PMC10861688 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03660-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
This article provides an overview of the background knowledge of ferroptosis in the nervous system, as well as the key role of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in regulating ferroptosis. The article takes Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) as the starting point to explore the close association between Nrf2 and ferroptosis, which is of clear and significant importance for understanding the mechanism of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) based on oxidative stress (OS). Accumulating evidence links ferroptosis to the pathogenesis of NDs. As the disease progresses, damage to the antioxidant system, excessive OS, and altered Nrf2 expression levels, especially the inhibition of ferroptosis by lipid peroxidation inhibitors and adaptive enhancement of Nrf2 signaling, demonstrate the potential clinical significance of Nrf2 in detecting and identifying ferroptosis, as well as targeted therapy for neuronal loss and mitochondrial dysfunction. These findings provide new insights and possibilities for the treatment and prevention of NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Xiang
- School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, People's Republic of China
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Song
- School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, People's Republic of China
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Dingxin Long
- School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, People's Republic of China.
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Egbujor MC, Tucci P, Buttari B, Nwobodo DC, Marini P, Saso L. Phenothiazines: Nrf2 activation and antioxidant effects. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23661. [PMID: 38369721 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Phenothiazines (PTZs) are an emerging group of molecules showing effectiveness toward redox signaling and reduction of oxidative injury to cells, via the activation on Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Although several electrophilic and indirect Nrf2 activators have been reported, the risk of "off-target" effect due to the complexity of their molecular mechanisms of action, has aroused research interest toward non-electrophilic and direct modulators of Nrf2 pathway, such as PTZs. This review represents the first overview on the roles of PTZs as non-electrophilic Nrf2 activator and free radical scavengers, as well as on their potential therapeutic effects in oxidative stress-mediated diseases. Here, we provide a collective and comprehensive information on the PTZs ability to scavenge free radicals and activate the Nrf2 signaling pathway, with the aim to broaden the knowledge of their therapeutic potentials and to stimulate innovative research ideas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paolo Tucci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Brigitta Buttari
- Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-metabolic Diseases, and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - David C Nwobodo
- Department of Microbiology, Renaissance University Ugbawka, Ugbawka, Nigeria
| | - Pietro Marini
- Institute of Education in Healthcare and Medical Sciences, Foresterhill Campus, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Vittorio Erspamer, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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19
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Sogabe K, Nakamura S, Higa Y, Miki H, Oda A, Maruhashi T, Sumitani R, Oura M, Takahashi M, Nakamura M, Maeda Y, Hara T, Yamagami H, Fujii S, Kagawa K, Ozaki S, Kurahashi K, Endo I, Aihara KI, Nakaue E, Hiasa M, Teramachi J, Harada T, Abe M. Acute accumulation of PIM2 and NRF2 and recovery of β5 subunit activity mitigate multiple myeloma cell susceptibility to proteasome inhibitors. Int J Hematol 2024; 119:303-315. [PMID: 38245883 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-023-03705-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Resistance to proteasome inhibitors (PIs) has emerged as an important clinical issue. We investigated the mechanisms underlying multiple myeloma (MM) cell resistance to PIs. To mimic their pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) profiles, MM cells were treated with bortezomib and carfilzomib for 1 h at concentrations up to 400 and 1,000 nM, respectively. Susceptibility to these PIs markedly varied among MM cell lines. Pulsatile treatments with PIs suppressed translation, as demonstrated by incorporation of puromycin at 24 h in PI-susceptible MM.1S cells, but not PI-resistant KMS-11 cells. Inhibition of β5 subunit activity decreased at 24 h in KMS-11 cells, even with the irreversible PI carfilzomib, but not under suppression of protein synthesis with cycloheximide. Furthermore, the proteasome-degradable pro-survival factors PIM2 and NRF2 acutely accumulated in MM cells subjected to pulsatile PI treatments. Accumulated NRF2 was trans-localized into the nucleus to induce the expression of its target gene, HMOX1, in MM cells. PIM and Akt inhibition restored the anti-MM effects of PIs, even against PI-resistant KMS-11 cells. Collectively, these results suggest that increased synthesis of β5 proteasome subunit and acute accumulation of PIM2 and NRF2 reduce the anti-MM effects of PIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimiko Sogabe
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shingen Nakamura
- Department of Community Medicine and Medical Science, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan.
| | - Yoshiki Higa
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Miki
- Division of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Asuka Oda
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tomoko Maruhashi
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Ryohei Sumitani
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masahiro Oura
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Mamiko Takahashi
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masafumi Nakamura
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tokushima Prefecture Naruto Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yusaku Maeda
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tomoyo Hara
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yamagami
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shiro Fujii
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kumiko Kagawa
- Department of Hematology, Tokushima Prefectural Central Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shuji Ozaki
- Department of Hematology, Tokushima Prefectural Central Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kiyoe Kurahashi
- Department of Community Medicine for Respirology, Hematology and Metabolism, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Itsuro Endo
- Department of Bioregulatory Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Aihara
- Department of Community Medicine and Medical Science, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Emiko Nakaue
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hiasa
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Jumpei Teramachi
- Department of Oral Function and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takeshi Harada
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masahiro Abe
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan.
- Department of Hematology, Kawashima Hospital, 6-1 Kitasakoichiban-Cho, Tokushima, 770-0011, Japan.
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Pérez-González A, Ramírez-Díaz I, Guzmán-Linares J, Sarvari P, Sarvari P, Rubio K. ncRNAs Orchestrate Chemosensitivity Induction by Neddylation Blockades. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:825. [PMID: 38398217 PMCID: PMC10886669 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16040825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
We performed an integrative transcriptomic in silico analysis using lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells treated with the neddylation inhibitor MLN4924 and the gefitinib-resistant PC9 cell line (PC9GR). We focused on the transcriptional effects of the top differentially expressed ncRNA biotypes and their correlating stemness factors. Interestingly, MLN4924-treated cells showed a significant upregulation of mRNAs involved in carcinogenesis, cell attachment, and differentiation pathways, as well as a parallel downregulation of stemness maintenance and survival signaling pathways, an effect that was inversely observed in PC9GR cells. Moreover, we found that stemness factor expression could be contrasted by selected up-regulated ncRNAs upon MLN4924 treatment in a dose and time-independent manner. Furthermore, upregulated miRNAs and lncRNA-targeted mRNAs showed an evident enrichment of proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis pathways, while downregulated ncRNA-targeted mRNAs were implicated in stem cell maintenance. Finally, our results proved that stemness (KLF4 and FGFR2) and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (ZEB2, TWIST2, SNAI2, CDH2, and VIM) factors, which are highly expressed in PC9GR cells compared to gefitinib-sensitive PC9 cells, could be abrogated with the neddylation inhibitor MLN4924 mainly through activation of epithelial differentiation pathways, thus exerting a protective role in lung cancer cells and chemosensitivity against lung tumorigenic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pérez-González
- International Laboratory EPIGEN, Consejo de Ciencia y Tecnología del Estado de Puebla (CONCYTEP), Instituto de Ciencias, Ecocampus, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla 72570, Mexico; (A.P.-G.); (I.R.-D.); (J.G.-L.)
| | - Ivonne Ramírez-Díaz
- International Laboratory EPIGEN, Consejo de Ciencia y Tecnología del Estado de Puebla (CONCYTEP), Instituto de Ciencias, Ecocampus, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla 72570, Mexico; (A.P.-G.); (I.R.-D.); (J.G.-L.)
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Popular and Autonomous, University of Puebla State (UPAEP), Puebla 72410, Mexico
| | - Josué Guzmán-Linares
- International Laboratory EPIGEN, Consejo de Ciencia y Tecnología del Estado de Puebla (CONCYTEP), Instituto de Ciencias, Ecocampus, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla 72570, Mexico; (A.P.-G.); (I.R.-D.); (J.G.-L.)
| | - Pouya Sarvari
- Iran National Elite Foundation (INEF), Tehran 1461965381, Iran; (P.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Pourya Sarvari
- Iran National Elite Foundation (INEF), Tehran 1461965381, Iran; (P.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Karla Rubio
- International Laboratory EPIGEN, Consejo de Ciencia y Tecnología del Estado de Puebla (CONCYTEP), Instituto de Ciencias, Ecocampus, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla 72570, Mexico; (A.P.-G.); (I.R.-D.); (J.G.-L.)
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21
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Fernández-Ginés R, Encinar JA, Escoll M, Carnicero-Senabre D, Jiménez-Villegas J, García-Yagüe ÁJ, González-Rodríguez Á, Garcia-Martinez I, Valverde ÁM, Rojo AI, Cuadrado A. Specific targeting of the NRF2/β-TrCP axis promotes beneficial effects in NASH. Redox Biol 2024; 69:103027. [PMID: 38184999 PMCID: PMC10808969 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a common chronic liver disease that compromises liver function, for which there is not a specifically approved medicine. Recent research has identified transcription factor NRF2 as a potential therapeutic target. However, current NRF2 activators, designed to inhibit its repressor KEAP1, exhibit unwanted side effects. Alternatively, we previously introduced PHAR, a protein-protein interaction inhibitor of NRF2/β-TrCP, which induces a mild NRF2 activation and selectively activates NRF2 in the liver, close to normal physiological levels. Herein, we assessed the effect of PHAR in protection against NASH and its progression to fibrosis. We conducted experiments to demonstrate that PHAR effectively activated NRF2 in hepatocytes, Kupffer cells, and stellate cells. Then, we used the STAM mouse model of NASH, based on partial damage of endocrine pancreas and insulin secretion impairment, followed by a high fat diet. Non-invasive analysis using MRI revealed that PHAR protects against liver fat accumulation. Moreover, PHAR attenuated key markers of NASH progression, including liver steatosis, hepatocellular ballooning, inflammation, and fibrosis. Notably, transcriptomic data indicate that PHAR led to upregulation of 3 anti-fibrotic genes (Plg, Serpina1a, and Bmp7) and downregulation of 6 pro-fibrotic (including Acta2 and Col3a1), 11 extracellular matrix remodeling, and 8 inflammatory genes. Overall, our study suggests that the mild activation of NRF2 via the protein-protein interaction inhibitor PHAR holds promise as a strategy for addressing NASH and its progression to liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Fernández-Ginés
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" CSIC-UAM, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz) and Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Antonio Encinar
- Institute of Research, Development and Innovation in Biotechnology of Elche (IDiBE) and Molecular and Cell Biology Institute (IBMC), Miguel Hernández University (UMH), 03202, Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Maribel Escoll
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" CSIC-UAM, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz) and Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Carnicero-Senabre
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" CSIC-UAM, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz) and Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Jiménez-Villegas
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" CSIC-UAM, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz) and Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel J García-Yagüe
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" CSIC-UAM, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz) and Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Águeda González-Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irma Garcia-Martinez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" CSIC-UAM, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángela M Valverde
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" CSIC-UAM, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana I Rojo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" CSIC-UAM, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz) and Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Cuadrado
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" CSIC-UAM, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz) and Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.
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22
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Yang F, Lian Q, Zhang X, Sun F, Jia S, Zhao W. Aucubin provides protection against cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion injury by suppressing neuronal apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation through the modulation of the AKT-GSK-3β-Nrf2 signal cascade. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2024; 483:116829. [PMID: 38246288 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2024.116829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Aucubin (AU) is a naturally occurring iridoid glycoside known to possess a wide range of pharmacological properties and exhibit a notable protective effect against various pathological conditions. Studies have shown that AU has neuroprotective properties in different neurological diseases. However, its potential protective effects against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (CIR) injury have not been thoroughly investigated. This study aimed to investigate the impact of AU on CIR injury and explore the underlying mechanism. Cultured neurons treated with AU showed a significant reduction in apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation caused by oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R). In a rat model of CIR, treatment with AU resulted in a significant decrease in cerebral infarct size and neurological deficits. AU treatment also reversed the increased apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation in the brains of CIR rats. Furthermore, AU was found to enhance the activation of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), accompanied by increased phosphorylation of serine/threonine-protein kinase AKT and glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK-3β). The activation of Nrf2 induced by AU was reversed when the AKT-GSK-3β cascade was blocked. Additionally, the neuroprotective effect of AU was significantly reduced when Nrf2 was pharmacologically suppressed. In conclusion, these findings suggest that AU exerts a neuroprotective effect on CIR injury, and this effect is mediated by the activation of Nrf2 through the AKT-GSK-3β axis. This work highlights the potential of AU as a drug candidate for the treatment of CIR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xianyang Hospital of Yan'an University, Xianyang 712000, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Qiufang Lian
- Department of Cardiology, Xianyang Hospital of Yan'an University, Xianyang 712000, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Feng Sun
- Department of Scientific Research, Xianyang Hospital of Yan'an University, Xianyang 712000, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Shuaiyun Jia
- Department of Pharmacy, Xianyang Hospital of Yan'an University, Xianyang 712000, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Xianyang Hospital of Yan'an University, Xianyang 712000, Shaanxi Province, China
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23
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Guo C, Yue Y, Wang B, Chen S, Li D, Zhen F, Liu L, Zhu H, Xie M. Anemoside B4 alleviates arthritis pain via suppressing ferroptosis-mediated inflammation. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18136. [PMID: 38334255 PMCID: PMC10853948 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain is the key manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis. Neuroinflammation in the spinal cord drives central sensitization and chronic pain. Ferroptosis has potentially important roles in the occurrence of neuroinflammation and chronic pain. In the current study, mouse model of collagen-induced arthritis was established by intradermal injection of type II collagen in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) solution. CFA inducement resulted in swollen paw and ankle, mechanical and spontaneous pain, and impaired motor coordination. The spinal inflammation was triggered, astrocytes were activated, and increased NLRP3-mediated inflammatory signal was found in CFA spinal cord. Oxidative stress and ferroptosis in the spinal cord were manifested. Meanwhile, enhancive spinal GSK-3β activity and abnormal phosphorylated Drp1 were observed. To investigate the potential therapeutic options for arthritic pain, mice were intraperitoneally injected with AB4 for three consecutive days. AB4 treatment reduced pain sensitivity and increased the motor coordination. In the spinal cord, AB4 treatment inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated inflammatory response, increased antioxidation, decreased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and ferroptosis. Furthermore, AB4 decreased GSK-3β activity by binding with GSK-3β through five electrovalent bonds. Our findings indicated that AB treatment relieves arthritis pain by inhibiting GSK-3β activation, increasing antioxidant capability, reducing Drp1-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and suppressing neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenlu Guo
- School of PharmacyHubei University of Science and TechnologyXianningChina
| | - Yuanfen Yue
- Department of ObstetricsXianning Central Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and TechnologyXianningChina
| | - Bojun Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical CollegeHubei University of Science and TechnologyXianningChina
| | - Shaohui Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical CollegeHubei University of Science and TechnologyXianningChina
| | - Dai Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical CollegeHubei University of Science and TechnologyXianningChina
| | - Fangshou Zhen
- Department of PharmacyMatang Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineXianningChina
| | - Ling Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical CollegeHubei University of Science and TechnologyXianningChina
| | - Haili Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical CollegeHubei University of Science and TechnologyXianningChina
| | - Min Xie
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical CollegeHubei University of Science and TechnologyXianningChina
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Qiu L, Sun Y, Ning H, Chen G, Zhao W, Gao Y. The scaffold protein AXIN1: gene ontology, signal network, and physiological function. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:77. [PMID: 38291457 PMCID: PMC10826278 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01482-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
AXIN1, has been initially identified as a prominent antagonist within the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway, and subsequently unveiled its integral involvement across a diverse spectrum of signaling cascades. These encompass the WNT/β-catenin, Hippo, TGFβ, AMPK, mTOR, MAPK, and antioxidant signaling pathways. The versatile engagement of AXIN1 underscores its pivotal role in the modulation of developmental biological signaling, maintenance of metabolic homeostasis, and coordination of cellular stress responses. The multifaceted functionalities of AXIN1 render it as a compelling candidate for targeted intervention in the realms of degenerative pathologies, systemic metabolic disorders, cancer therapeutics, and anti-aging strategies. This review provides an intricate exploration of the mechanisms governing mammalian AXIN1 gene expression and protein turnover since its initial discovery, while also elucidating its significance in the regulation of signaling pathways, tissue development, and carcinogenesis. Furthermore, we have introduced the innovative concept of the AXIN1-Associated Phosphokinase Complex (AAPC), where the scaffold protein AXIN1 assumes a pivotal role in orchestrating site-specific phosphorylation modifications through interactions with various phosphokinases and their respective substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Qiu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yixuan Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Haoming Ning
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Guanyu Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Wenshan Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Yanfeng Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
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25
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Skalka GL, Tsakovska M, Murphy DJ. Kinase signalling adaptation supports dysfunctional mitochondria in disease. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1354682. [PMID: 38434478 PMCID: PMC10906720 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1354682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria form a critical control nexus which are essential for maintaining correct tissue homeostasis. An increasing number of studies have identified dysregulation of mitochondria as a driver in cancer. However, which pathways support and promote this adapted mitochondrial function? A key hallmark of cancer is perturbation of kinase signalling pathways. These pathways include mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK), lipid secondary messenger networks, cyclic-AMP-activated (cAMP)/AMP-activated kinases (AMPK), and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMK) networks. These signalling pathways have multiple substrates which support initiation and persistence of cancer. Many of these are involved in the regulation of mitochondrial morphology, mitochondrial apoptosis, mitochondrial calcium homeostasis, mitochondrial associated membranes (MAMs), and retrograde ROS signalling. This review will aim to both explore how kinase signalling integrates with these critical mitochondrial pathways and highlight how these systems can be usurped to support the development of disease. In addition, we will identify areas which require further investigation to fully understand the complexities of these regulatory interactions. Overall, this review will emphasize how studying the interaction between kinase signalling and mitochondria improves our understanding of mitochondrial homeostasis and can yield novel therapeutic targets to treat disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- George L. Skalka
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Mina Tsakovska
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel J. Murphy
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- CRUK Scotland Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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26
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Tao Y, Dai L, Liang W, Li X, Lyu Y, Li J, Li Z, Shi Z, Liang X, Zhou S, Fu X, Hu W, Wang X. Advancements and perspectives of RBX2 as a molecular hallmark in cancer. Gene 2024; 892:147864. [PMID: 37820940 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a challenging issue for human health. One of the key methods to address this issue is by comprehending the molecular causes of tumors and creating medications that target those causes. RBX2 (RING box protein 2), also known as ROC2 (Regulator of Cullins 2), RNF7 (RING Finger Protein 7), or SAG (Sensitive to Apoptosis Gene) is a key component of the Cullin-RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligases (CRLs) and overexpressed in various human cancers. RBX2 is a potential drug target, the expression of which correlates with tumor staging, grading, and prognosis analysis. Through a synergistically biological interaction with Kras mutation in preclinical models, RBX2 accelerated the progression of skin cancer, pancreatic cancer, and lung cancer. In accordance, the aberrant expression of RBX2 will lead to dysregulation of many signaling pathways, which is crucial for tumor initiation and growth. However, the impact of RBX2 on tumors also intriguingly demonstrates a spatial reliance manner. In this review, we summarized the current understanding of RBX2 in multiple cancer types and suggested a significant potential of RBX2 as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Tao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Glioma Metabolism and Microenvironment Research, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Lirui Dai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pituitary Adenoma Multidisciplinary Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Wulong Liang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Glioma Metabolism and Microenvironment Research, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Glioma Metabolism and Microenvironment Research, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Yuan Lyu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Glioma Metabolism and Microenvironment Research, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China; Medical Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, PR China; Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, PR China
| | - Junqi Li
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Glioma Metabolism and Microenvironment Research, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China; Medical Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, PR China; Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, PR China
| | - Zian Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Glioma Metabolism and Microenvironment Research, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Zimin Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Glioma Metabolism and Microenvironment Research, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Xianyin Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Glioma Metabolism and Microenvironment Research, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Shaolong Zhou
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Glioma Metabolism and Microenvironment Research, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Xudong Fu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Glioma Metabolism and Microenvironment Research, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Weihua Hu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Glioma Metabolism and Microenvironment Research, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Xinjun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Glioma Metabolism and Microenvironment Research, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China.
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Dhapola R, Beura SK, Sharma P, Singh SK, HariKrishnaReddy D. Oxidative stress in Alzheimer's disease: current knowledge of signaling pathways and therapeutics. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:48. [PMID: 38165499 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09021-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease's pathophysiology is still a conundrum. Growing number of evidences have elucidated the involvement of oxidative stress in the pathology of AD rendering it a major target for therapeutic development. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by altered mitochondrial function, dysregulated electron transport chain and other sources elevate aggregated Aβ and neurofibrillary tangles which further stimulating the production of ROS. Oxidative stress induced damage to lipids, proteins and DNA result in neuronal death which leads to AD. In addition, oxidative stress induces apoptosis that is triggered by the modulation of ERK1/2 and Nrf2 pathway followed by increased GSK-3β expression and decreased PP2A activity. Oxidative stress exaggerates disease condition by interfering with various signaling pathways like RCAN1, CREB/ERK, Nrf2, PP2A, NFκB and PI3K/Akt. Studies have reported the role of TNF-α in oxidative stress stimulation that has been regulated by drugs like etanercept increasing the level of anti-oxidants. Other drugs like pramipexole, memantine, carvedilol, and melatonin have been reported to activate CREB/RCAN1 and Nrf2 pathways. In line with this, epigallocatechin gallate and genistein also target Nrf2 and CREB pathway leading to activation of downstream pathways like ARE and Keap1 which ameliorate oxidative stress condition. Donepezil and resveratrol reduce oxidative stress and activate AMPK pathway along with PP2A activation thus promoting tau dephosphorylation and neuronal survival. This study describes in detail the role of oxidative stress in AD, major signaling pathways involving oxidative stress induced AD and drugs under development targeting these pathways which may aid in therapeutic advances for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishika Dhapola
- Advanced Pharmacology and Neuroscience Laboratoty, Department of Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India
| | - Samir K Beura
- Department of Zoology, School of Basic and Applied Science, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India
| | - Prajjwal Sharma
- Advanced Pharmacology and Neuroscience Laboratoty, Department of Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India
| | - Sunil K Singh
- Department of Zoology, School of Basic and Applied Science, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India.
| | - Dibbanti HariKrishnaReddy
- Advanced Pharmacology and Neuroscience Laboratoty, Department of Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India.
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Qin Z, Chen Y, Wang Y, Xu Y, Liu T, Mu Q, Huang C. Immunometabolism in the pathogenesis of asthma. Immunology 2024; 171:1-17. [PMID: 37652466 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Bronchial asthma is a heterogeneous disease characterised by chronic airway inflammation. A variety of immune cells such as eosinophils, mast cells, T lymphocytes, neutrophils and airway epithelial cells are involved in the airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness in asthma pathogenesis, resulting in extensive and variable reversible expiratory airflow limitation. However, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying the allergic immune responses, particularly immunometabolism, remains unclear. Studies have detected enhanced oxidative stress, and abnormal metabolic progresses of glycolysis, fatty acid and amino acid in various immune cells, inducing dysregulation of innate and adaptive immune responses in asthma pathogenesis. Immunometabolism mechanisms contain multiple signalling pathways, providing novel therapy targets for asthma. This review summarises the current knowledge on immunometabolism reprogramming in asthma pathogenesis, as well as potential therapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwen Qin
- The First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yujuan Chen
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yue Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yeyang Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qian Mu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chuanjun Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Huang W, Wen F, Yang P, Li Y, Li Q, Shu P. Yi-qi-hua-yu-jie-du decoction induces ferroptosis in cisplatin-resistant gastric cancer via the AKT/GSK3β/NRF2/GPX4 axis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 123:155220. [PMID: 38056149 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistance to chemotherapy in gastric cancer (GC) is a ubiquitous challenge for its treatment. Yi-qi-hua-yu-jie-du decoction (YJD), an empirical formula in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), demonstrated survival-prolonging functions in patients with GC. Previous research has shown that YJD could also inhibit drug resistance in GC. However, the precise mechanisms for how YJD accomplishes this remain incompletely explained. PURPOSE The research aimed to identify differential metabolic characteristics in cisplatin-resistant GC and investigate whether YJD can target these differences to suppress GC drug resistance. METHODS Metabolomic analysis was conducted to identify metabolic disparities between cisplatin-resistant and parental GC cells, as well as metabolic modifications resulting from YJD intervention in cisplatin-resistant GC cells. The effect of YJD on ferroptosis stimulation was assessed by measuring the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), iron ions, the reduced glutathione (GSH) to oxidised glutathione (GSSG) ratio, and alterations in mitochondrial morphology. Western blotting and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) were employed to verity the mechanisms of YJD-triggered ferroptosis through GPX4 and NRF2 overexpression models, alongside the AKT activator SC79. In vivo validation was conducted using nude mouse xenograft models. RESULTS Cisplatin-resistant GC exhibited altered GSH/GPX4 metabolism, and ferroptosis was a significantly enriched cell death pattern with YJD treatment in cisplatin-resistant GC cells. Ferroptosis biomarkers, including ROS, MDA, iron ions, the GSH/GSSG ratio, and mitochondrial morphology, were remarkably changed with the YJD intervention. Mechanistic experiments demonstrated that YJD inhibited the phosphorylation cascade activity of the AKT/GSK3β pathway, thereby reducing NRF2 expression. The level of GPX4, a crucial enzyme involved in glutathione metabolism, was attenuated, facilitating ferroptosis induction in cisplatin-resistant GC. CONCLUSION The research reveals, for the first time, changes in GSH/GPX4 metabolism in cisplatin-resistant GC cells based on metabolomic analysis. YJD induced ferroptosis in cisplatin-resistant GC by inhibiting GPX4 through the AKT/GSK3β/NRF2 pathway, thus attenuating the cisplatin drug resistance in GC. Our findings identify metabolic changes in cisplatin-resistant GC and establish a theoretical framework for YJD on tackling drug resistance in GC through ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Huang
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China; School of No. 1 Clinical Medical, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Fang Wen
- School of Chinese Medicine and School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Peipei Yang
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China; School of No. 1 Clinical Medical, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Ye Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China; School of No. 1 Clinical Medical, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Qiurong Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China; School of No. 1 Clinical Medical, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Peng Shu
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China; School of No. 1 Clinical Medical, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
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Daskou M, Fotooh Abadi L, Gain C, Wong M, Sharma E, Kombe Kombe AJ, Nanduri R, Kelesidis T. The Role of the NRF2 Pathway in the Pathogenesis of Viral Respiratory Infections. Pathogens 2023; 13:39. [PMID: 38251346 PMCID: PMC10819673 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
In humans, acute and chronic respiratory infections caused by viruses are associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Respiratory viruses infect airway epithelial cells and induce oxidative stress, yet the exact pathogenesis remains unclear. Oxidative stress activates the transcription factor NRF2, which plays a key role in alleviating redox-induced cellular injury. The transcriptional activation of NRF2 has been reported to affect both viral replication and associated inflammation pathways. There is complex bidirectional crosstalk between virus replication and the NRF2 pathway because virus replication directly or indirectly regulates NRF2 expression, and NRF2 activation can reversely hamper viral replication and viral spread across cells and tissues. In this review, we discuss the complex role of the NRF2 pathway in the regulation of the pathogenesis of the main respiratory viruses, including coronaviruses, influenza viruses, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and rhinoviruses. We also summarize the scientific evidence regarding the effects of the known NRF2 agonists that can be utilized to alter the NRF2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Daskou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Leila Fotooh Abadi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (L.F.A.); (R.N.)
| | - Chandrima Gain
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Michael Wong
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Eashan Sharma
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Arnaud John Kombe Kombe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (L.F.A.); (R.N.)
| | - Ravikanth Nanduri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (L.F.A.); (R.N.)
| | - Theodoros Kelesidis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (L.F.A.); (R.N.)
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Bu Q, Deng Y, Wang Q, Deng R, Hu S, Pei Z, Zhang Y. STC2 is a potential biomarker of hepatocellular carcinoma with its expression being upregulated in Nrf1α-deficient cells, but downregulated in Nrf2-deficient cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127575. [PMID: 37866563 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Nrf1 (encoded by Nfe2l1) and Nrf2 (encoded by Nfe2l2), as two key members of the CNC-bZIP transcription factor, exhibit significant functional differences in their pathophysiology. Our previous findings demonstrated that loss of Nrf1α (i.e., a full-length isoform of Nrf1) promotes HepG2-derived tumor growth in xenograft mice, but malgrowth of the xenograft tumor is significantly suppressed by knockout of Nrf2. To gain insights into the mechanism underlying such marked distinctions in their pathologic phenotypes, we mined transcriptome data from liver cancer in the TCGA database to establish a prognostic model and calculate predicted risk scores for each cell line. The results revealed that knockout of Nrf1α markedly increased the risk score in HepG2 cells, whereas the risk score was reduced by knockout of Nrf2. Notably, stanniocalcin 2 (STC2), a biomarker associated with liver cancer, that is upexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues with a reduction in the overall survival ratio of those patients. We observed increased expression levels of STC2 in Nrf1α-/- cells but decreased expression in Nrf2-/- cells. These findings suggested that STC2 may play a role in mediating the distinction between Nrf1α-/- and Nrf2-/-. Such potential function of STC2 was further corroborated through a series of experiments combined with transcriptomic sequencing. The results revealed that STC2 functions as a dominant tumor-promoter, because the STC2-leading increases in clonogenicity of hepatoma cells and malgrowth of relevant xenograft tumor were almost completely abolished in STC2-/- cells. Together, these demonstrate that STC2 could be paved as a potential therapeutic target, albeit as a diagnostic marker, for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Bu
- Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400044, China; Chongqing University Jiangjin Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, No. 725 Jiangzhou Avenue, Dingshan Street, Jiangjin District, Chongqing 402260, China; The Laboratory of Cell Biochemistry and Topogenetic Regulation, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Yangxu Deng
- Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400044, China; The Laboratory of Cell Biochemistry and Topogenetic Regulation, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400044, China; The Laboratory of Cell Biochemistry and Topogenetic Regulation, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Rongzhen Deng
- Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400044, China; The Laboratory of Cell Biochemistry and Topogenetic Regulation, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Shaofan Hu
- Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400044, China; The Laboratory of Cell Biochemistry and Topogenetic Regulation, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Zhigang Pei
- Chongqing University Jiangjin Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, No. 725 Jiangzhou Avenue, Dingshan Street, Jiangjin District, Chongqing 402260, China
| | - Yiguo Zhang
- Chongqing University Jiangjin Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, No. 725 Jiangzhou Avenue, Dingshan Street, Jiangjin District, Chongqing 402260, China; The Laboratory of Cell Biochemistry and Topogenetic Regulation, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400044, China.
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Ngo HKC, Le H, Surh YJ. Nrf2, A Target for Precision Oncology in Cancer Prognosis and Treatment. J Cancer Prev 2023; 28:131-142. [PMID: 38205365 PMCID: PMC10774478 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2023.28.4.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Activating nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2), a master regulator of redox homeostasis, has been shown to suppress initiation of carcinogenesis in normal cells. However, this transcription factor has recently been reported to promote proliferation of some transformed or cancerous cells. In tumor cells, Nrf2 is prone to mutations that result in stabilization and concurrent accumulation of its protein product. A hyperactivated mutant form of Nrf2 could support the cancer cells for enhanced proliferation, invasiveness, and resistance to chemotherapeutic agents and radiotherapy, which are associated with a poor clinical outcome. Hence understanding mutations in Nrf2 would have a significant impact on the prognosis and treatment of cancer in the era of precision medicine. This perspective would provide an insight into the genetic alterations in Nrf2 and suggest the application of small molecules, RNAi, and genome editing technologies, particularly CRISR-Cas9, in therapeutic intervention of cancer in the context of the involvement of Nrf2 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang Kieu Chi Ngo
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hoang Le
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Young-Joon Surh
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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LaPak KM, Saeidi S, Bok I, Wamsley NT, Plutzer IB, Bhatt DP, Luo J, Ashrafi G, Major MB. Proximity proteomic analysis of the NRF family reveals the Parkinson's disease protein ZNF746/PARIS as a co-complexed repressor of NRF2. Sci Signal 2023; 16:eadi9018. [PMID: 38085818 PMCID: PMC10760916 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.adi9018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) transcription factor activates cytoprotective and metabolic gene expression in response to various electrophilic stressors. Constitutive NRF2 activity promotes cancer progression, whereas decreased NRF2 function contributes to neurodegenerative diseases. We used proximity proteomic analysis to define protein networks for NRF2 and its family members NRF1, NRF3, and the NRF2 heterodimer MAFG. A functional screen of co-complexed proteins revealed previously uncharacterized regulators of NRF2 transcriptional activity. We found that ZNF746 (also known as PARIS), a zinc finger transcription factor implicated in Parkinson's disease, physically associated with NRF2 and MAFG, resulting in suppression of NRF2-driven transcription. ZNF746 overexpression increased oxidative stress and apoptosis in a neuronal cell model of Parkinson's disease, phenotypes that were reversed by chemical and genetic hyperactivation of NRF2. This study presents a functionally annotated proximity network for NRF2 and suggests a link between ZNF746 overexpression in Parkinson's disease and inhibition of NRF2-driven neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle M. LaPak
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University; St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Soma Saeidi
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University; St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Ilah Bok
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University; St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Nathan T. Wamsley
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University; St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Isaac B. Plutzer
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University; St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Dhaval P. Bhatt
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University; St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jingqin Luo
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, WUSM and Siteman Cancer Center Biostatistics and Qualitative Research Shared Resource, Washington University; St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Ghazaleh Ashrafi
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University; St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Genetics, Washington University; St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - M. Ben Major
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University; St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
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Han X, Wang H, Du F, Zeng X, Guo C. Nrf2 for a key member of redox regulation: A novel insight against myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injuries. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115855. [PMID: 37939614 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2), a nuclear transcription factor, modulates genes responsible for antioxidant responses against toxic and oxidative stress to maintain redox homeostasis and participates in varieties of cellular processes such as metabolism and inflammation during myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injuries (MIRI). The accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from damaged mitochondria, xanthine oxidase, NADPH oxidases, and inflammation contributes to depraved myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injuries. Considering that Nrf2 played crucial roles in antagonizing oxidative stress, it is reasonable to delve into the up or down-regulated molecular mechanisms of Nrf2 in the progression of MIRI to provide the possibility of new therapeutic medicine targeting Nrf2 in cardiovascular diseases. This review systematically describes the generation of ROS, the regulatory metabolisms of Nrf2 as well as several natural or synthetic compounds activating Nrf2 during MIRI, which might provide novel insights for the anti-oxidative stress and original ideas targeting Nrf2 for the prevention and treatment in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejie Han
- Cardiovascular Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 1 Dongjiaomin Lane, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Hongxia Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Capital Medical University, No. 10 You An Men Wai Xi Tou Tiao, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Fenghe Du
- Department of Geriatrics, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 119 South 4th Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing 100070, PR China
| | - Xiangjun Zeng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Capital Medical University, No. 10 You An Men Wai Xi Tou Tiao, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, PR China.
| | - Caixia Guo
- Cardiovascular Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 1 Dongjiaomin Lane, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, PR China.
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Egorov ES, Kondratenko ND, Averina OA, Permyakov OA, Emelyanova MA, Prikhodko AS, Zinovkina LA, Sergiev PV, Zinovkin RA. A New Mouse Strain with a Mutation in the NFE2L2 (NRF2) Gene. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2023; 88:1987-1996. [PMID: 38462445 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923120039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Transcription factor NRF2 is involved in inflammatory reactions, maintenance of redox balance, metabolism of xenobiotics, and is of particular interest for studying aging. In the present work, the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technology was used to generate the NRF2ΔNeh2 mice containing a substitution of eight amino acid residues at the N-terminus of the NRF2 protein, upstream of the functional Neh2 domain, which ensures binding of NRF2 to its inhibitor KEAP1. Heterozygote NRF2wt/ΔNeh2 mice gave birth to homozygous mice with lower than expected frequency, accompanied by their increased embryonic lethality and visual signs of anemia. Mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) from the NRF2ΔNeh2/ΔNeh2 homozygotes showed impaired resistance to oxidative stress compared to the wild-type MEFs. The tissues of homozygous NRF2ΔNeh2/ΔNeh2 animals had a decreased expression of the NRF2 target genes: NAD(P)H:Quinone oxidoreductase-1 (Nqo1); aldehyde oxidase-1 (Aox1); glutathione-S-transferase A4 (Gsta4); while relative mRNA levels of the monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (Ccl2), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (Vcam1), and chemokine Cxcl8 was increased. Thus, the resulting mutation in the Nfe2l2 gene coding for NRF2, partially impaired function of this transcription factor, expanding our insights into the functional role of the unstructured N-terminus of NRF2. The obtained NRF2ΔNeh2 mouse line can be used as a model object for studying various pathologies associated with oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniy S Egorov
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Natalia D Kondratenko
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Russian Clinical Research Center for Gerontology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, 129226, Russia
| | - Olga A Averina
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Institute of Functional Genomics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Oleg A Permyakov
- Institute of Functional Genomics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Maria A Emelyanova
- Institute of Functional Genomics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Anastasia S Prikhodko
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Ludmila A Zinovkina
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Petr V Sergiev
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Institute of Functional Genomics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Roman A Zinovkin
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
- HSE University, Moscow, 101000, Russia
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Che J, Yang X, Jin Z, Xu C. Nrf2: A promising therapeutic target in bone-related diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115748. [PMID: 37865995 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) plays an important role in maintaining cellular homeostasis, as it suppresses cell damage caused by external stimuli by regulating the transcription of intracellular defense-related genes. Accumulating evidence has highlighted the crucial role of reduction-oxidation (REDOX) imbalance in the development of bone-related diseases. Nrf2, a transcription factor linked to nuclear factor-erythrocyte 2, plays a pivotal role in the regulation of oxidative stress and induction of antioxidant defenses. Therefore, further investigation of the mechanism and function of Nrf2 in bone-related diseases is essential. Considerable evidence suggests that increased nuclear transcription of Nrf2 in response to external stimuli promotes the expression of intracellular antioxidant-related genes, which in turn leads to the inhibition of bone remodeling imbalance, improved fracture recovery, reduced occurrence of osteoarthritis, and greater tumor resistance. Certain natural extracts can selectively target Nrf2, potentially offering therapeutic benefits for osteogenic arthropathy. In this article, the biological characteristics of Nrf2 are reviewed, the intricate interplay between Nrf2-regulated REDOX imbalance and bone-related diseases is explored, and the potential preventive and protective effects of natural products targeting Nrf2 in these diseases are elucidated. A comprehensive understanding of the role of Nrf2 in the development of bone-related diseases provides valuable insights into clinical interventions and can facilitate the discovery of novel Nrf2-targeting drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingmin Che
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immune Diseases, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Cell Immunology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xiaoli Yang
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immune Diseases, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Cell Immunology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhankui Jin
- Department of Orthopedics, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Cuixiang Xu
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immune Diseases, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Cell Immunology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Alexander C, Parsaee A, Vasefi M. Polyherbal and Multimodal Treatments: Kaempferol- and Quercetin-Rich Herbs Alleviate Symptoms of Alzheimer's Disease. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1453. [PMID: 37998052 PMCID: PMC10669725 DOI: 10.3390/biology12111453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder impairing cognition and memory in the elderly. This disorder has a complex etiology, including senile plaque and neurofibrillary tangle formation, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and damaged neuroplasticity. Current treatment options are limited, so alternative treatments such as herbal medicine could suppress symptoms while slowing cognitive decline. We followed PRISMA guidelines to identify potential herbal treatments, their associated medicinal phytochemicals, and the potential mechanisms of these treatments. Common herbs, including Ginkgo biloba, Camellia sinensis, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Cyperus rotundus, and Buplerum falcatum, produced promising pre-clinical results. These herbs are rich in kaempferol and quercetin, flavonoids with a polyphenolic structure that facilitate multiple mechanisms of action. These mechanisms include the inhibition of Aβ plaque formation, a reduction in tau hyperphosphorylation, the suppression of oxidative stress, and the modulation of BDNF and PI3K/AKT pathways. Using pre-clinical findings from quercetin research and the comparatively limited data on kaempferol, we proposed that kaempferol ameliorates the neuroinflammatory state, maintains proper cellular function, and restores pro-neuroplastic signaling. In this review, we discuss the anti-AD mechanisms of quercetin and kaempferol and their limitations, and we suggest a potential alternative treatment for AD. Our findings lead us to conclude that a polyherbal kaempferol- and quercetin-rich cocktail could treat AD-related brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Alexander
- Department of Biology, Lamar University, Beaumont, TX 77705, USA
| | - Ali Parsaee
- Biological Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Maryam Vasefi
- Department of Biology, Lamar University, Beaumont, TX 77705, USA
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Li J, Chen K, Li X, Zhang X, Zhang L, Yang Q, Xia Y, Xie C, Wang X, Tong J, Shen Y. Mechanistic insights into the alterations and regulation of the AKT signaling pathway in diabetic retinopathy. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:418. [PMID: 37978169 PMCID: PMC10656479 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01717-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In the early stages of diabetic retinopathy (DR), diabetes-related hyperglycemia directly inhibits the AKT signaling pathway by increasing oxidative stress or inhibiting growth factor expression, which leads to retinal cell apoptosis, nerve proliferation and fundus microvascular disease. However, due to compensatory vascular hyperplasia in the late stage of DR, the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/AKT cascade is activated, resulting in opposite levels of AKT regulation compared with the early stage. Studies have shown that many factors, including insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), VEGF and others, can regulate the AKT pathway. Disruption of the insulin pathway decreases AKT activation. IGF-1 downregulation decreases the activation of AKT in DR, which abrogates the neuroprotective effect, upregulates VEGF expression and thus induces neovascularization. Although inhibiting VEGF is the main treatment for neovascularization in DR, excessive inhibition may lead to apoptosis in inner retinal neurons. AKT pathway substrates, including mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), forkhead box O (FOXO), glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3)/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), are a research focus. mTOR inhibitors can delay or prevent retinal microangiopathy, whereas low mTOR activity can decrease retinal protein synthesis. Inactivated AKT fails to inhibit FOXO and thus causes apoptosis. The GSK-3/Nrf2 cascade regulates oxidation and inflammation in DR. NF-κB is activated in diabetic retinas and is involved in inflammation and apoptosis. Many pathways or vital activities, such as the Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways, interact with the AKT pathway to influence DR development. Numerous regulatory methods can simultaneously impact the AKT pathway and other pathways, and it is essential to consider both the connections and interactions between these pathways. In this review, we summarize changes in the AKT signaling pathway in DR and targeted drugs based on these potential sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayuan Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kuangqi Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuhong Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liyue Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qianjie Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yutong Xia
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chen Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiawei Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianping Tong
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Ye Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Bourdakou MM, Fernández-Ginés R, Cuadrado A, Spyrou GM. Drug repurposing on Alzheimer's disease through modulation of NRF2 neighborhood. Redox Biol 2023; 67:102881. [PMID: 37696195 PMCID: PMC10500459 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-dependent neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of cognitive decline. The alarming epidemiological features of Alzheimer's disease, combined with the high failure rate of candidate drugs tested in the preclinical phase, impose more intense investigations for new curative treatments. NRF2 (Nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2-related factor 2) plays a critical role in the inflammatory response and in the cellular redox homeostasis and provides cytoprotection in several diseases including those in the neurodegeneration spectrum. These roles suggest that NRF2 and its directly associated proteins may be novel attractive therapeutic targets in the fight against AD. In this study, through a systemics perspective, we propose an in silico drug repurposing approach for AD, based on the NRF2 interactome and regulome, with the aim of highlighting possible repurposed drugs for AD. Using publicly available information based on differential expressions of the NRF2-neighborhood in AD and through a computational drug repurposing pipeline, we derived to a short list of candidate repurposed drugs and small molecules that affect the expression levels of the majority of NRF2-partners. The relevance of these findings was assessed in a four-step computational meta-analysis including i) structural similarity comparisons with currently ongoing NRF2-related drugs in clinical trials ii) evaluation based on the NRF2-diseasome iii) comparison of relevance between targeted pathways of shortlisted drugs and NRF2-related drugs in clinical trials and iv) further comparison with existing knowledge on AD and NRF2-related drugs in clinical trials based on their known modes of action. Overall, our analysis yielded in 5 candidate repurposed drugs for AD. In cell culture, these 5 candidates activated a luciferase reporter for NRF2 activity and in hippocampus derived TH22 cells they increased NRF2 protein levels and the NRF2 transcriptional signatures as determined by increased expression of its downstream target heme oxygenase 1. We expect that our proposed candidate repurposed drugs will be useful for further research and clinical translation for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilena M Bourdakou
- Bioinformatics Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Raquel Fernández-Ginés
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" UAM-CSIC, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz), Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Cuadrado
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" UAM-CSIC, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz), Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - George M Spyrou
- Bioinformatics Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus.
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De Angelis M, Anichini G, Palamara AT, Nencioni L, Gori Savellini G. Dysregulation of intracellular redox homeostasis by the SARS-CoV-2 ORF6 protein. Virol J 2023; 20:239. [PMID: 37853388 PMCID: PMC10585933 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02208-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 has evolved several strategies to overcome host cell defenses by inducing cell injury to favour its replication. Many viruses have been reported to modulate the intracellular redox balance, affecting the Nuclear factor erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 (NRF2) signaling pathway. Although antioxidant modulation by SARS-CoV-2 infection has already been described, the viral factors involved in modulating the NRF2 pathway are still elusive. Given the antagonistic activity of ORF6 on several cellular pathways, we investigated the role of the viral protein towards NRF2-mediated antioxidant response. The ectopic expression of the wt-ORF6 protein negatively impacts redox cell homeostasis, leading to an increase in ROS production, along with a decrease in NRF2 protein and its downstream controlled genes. Moreover, when investigating the Δ61 mutant, previously described as an inactive nucleopore proteins binding mutant, we prove that the oxidative stress induced by ORF6 is substantially related to its C-terminal domain, speculating that ORF6 mechanism of action is associated with the inhibition of nuclear mRNA export processes. In addition, activation by phosphorylation of the serine residue at position 40 of NRF2 is increased in the cytoplasm of wt-ORF6-expressing cells, supporting the presence of an altered redox state, although NRF2 nuclear translocation is hindered by the viral protein to fully antagonize the cell response. Furthermore, wt-ORF6 leads to phosphorylation of a stress-activated serine/threonine protein kinase, p38 MAPK, suggesting a role of the viral protein in regulating p38 activation. These findings strengthen the important role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and identify ORF6 as an important viral accessory protein hypothetically involved in modulating the antioxidant response during viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta De Angelis
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
| | - Gabriele Anichini
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Anna Teresa Palamara
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Nencioni
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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Geertsema S, Bourgonje AR, Fagundes RR, Gacesa R, Weersma RK, van Goor H, Mann GE, Dijkstra G, Faber KN. The NRF2/Keap1 pathway as a therapeutic target in inflammatory bowel disease. Trends Mol Med 2023; 29:830-842. [PMID: 37558549 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2023.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) is an important pathophysiological mechanism in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, clinical trials investigating compounds directly targeting OS in IBD yielded mixed results. The NRF2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2)/Keap1 (Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1) pathway orchestrates cellular responses to OS, and dysregulation of this pathway has been implicated in IBD. Activation of the NRF2/Keap1 pathway may enhance antioxidant responses. Although this approach could help to attenuate OS and potentially improve clinical outcomes, an overview of human evidence for modulating the NRF2/Keap1 axis and more recent developments in IBD is lacking. This review explores the NRF2/Keap1 pathway as potential therapeutic target in IBD and presents compounds activating this pathway for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sem Geertsema
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Arno R Bourgonje
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; The Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Raphael R Fagundes
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ranko Gacesa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rinse K Weersma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harry van Goor
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Giovanni E Mann
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Gerard Dijkstra
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Klaas N Faber
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Rana AK, Kumar R, Shukla DN, Singh D. Lithium co-administration with rutin improves post-stroke neurological outcomes via suppressing Gsk-3β activity in a rat model. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 207:107-119. [PMID: 37414348 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of adult disability worldwide. Reperfusion is the only therapeutic option with a lot of side effects. In the current study, we investigated the efficacy of rutin and lithium co-treatment in improving post-stroke neurological outcomes in a transient global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury rat model. Middle-aged male rats were subjected to transient global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. NORT and Y-maze were used to assess the cognitive processes. Lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, and nitric oxide assays were performed to study oxidative stress. The excitotoxicity index was calculated by HPLC. Real time-PCR and western blotting were performed to study gene and protein expressions. The co-administration of rutin and lithium improved the overall survival, recognition memory, spatial working memory, and neurological score following cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats. Further, a marked decrease in malonaldehyde, protein carbonyls, and nitric oxide levels was observed following combined treatment. The mRNA expression of antioxidant (Hmox1 and Nqo1) and pro-inflammatory (Il2, Il6, and Il1β) markers were significantly attenuated in the rutin and lithium co-administrated group. The treatment inhibited the Gsk-3β and maintained a normal pool of the downstream β-catenin and Nrf2 proteins. The results revealed that co-administration of rutin and lithium had a neuroprotective potential, suggesting it to be a viable treatment to overcome post-stroke deaths and neurological complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar Rana
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Rajneesh Kumar
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Durgesh Nandan Shukla
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Damanpreet Singh
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Wang X, Yang J, Wang W, Li Y, Yang Y. Decreasing REDD1 expression protects against high glucose-induced apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammatory injury in podocytes through regulation of the AKT/GSK-3β/Nrf2 pathway. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2023; 45:527-538. [PMID: 36883011 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2023.2183351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our goal in this work was to investigate the possible role and mechanism of regulated in development and DNA damage response 1 (REDD1) in mediating high glucose (HG)-induced podocyte injury in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mouse podocytes were stimulated with HG to establish HG injury model. Protein expression was examined by Western blotting. Cell viability was measured by cell counting kit-8 assay. Cell apoptosis was assessed by annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide and TUNEL apoptotic assays. Levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were quantified by commercial kits. Concentrations of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β were measured by ELISA. RESULTS A marked increase in REDD1 expression was observed in podocytes stimulated with HG. Reduced REDD1 expression strikingly restrained HG-induced increases in apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation response in cultured podocytes. Decreasing REDD1 expression enhanced nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activation in HG-exposed podocytes via regulation of the AKT/glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK-3β) pathway. Inhibition of AKT or reactivation of GSK-3β prominently abolished Nrf2 activation induced by decreasing REDD1 expression. Pharmacological repression of Nrf2 markedly reversed the protective effects of decreasing REDD1 expression in HG-injured podocytes. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate that decreasing REDD1 expression protects cultured podocytes from HG-induced injuries by potentiating Nrf2 signaling through regulation of the AKT/GSK-3β pathway. Our work underscores the potential role of REDD1-mediated podocyte injury during the development of diabetic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanxi Yuncheng Central Hospital, Yuncheng, China
| | - Jing Yang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Wenxing Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanxi Yuncheng Central Hospital, Yuncheng, China
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanxi Yuncheng Central Hospital, Yuncheng, China
| | - Yue Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanxi Yuncheng Central Hospital, Yuncheng, China
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Chen WT, Dodson M. The untapped potential of targeting NRF2 in neurodegenerative disease. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2023; 4:1270838. [PMID: 37840813 PMCID: PMC10569223 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2023.1270838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Since its initial discovery almost three decades ago, the transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) has been shown to regulate a host of downstream transcriptional responses and play a critical role in preventing or promoting disease progression depending on the context. Critically, while the importance of proper nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 function has been demonstrated across a variety of pathological settings, the ability to progress NRF2-targeted therapeutics to clinic has remained frustratingly elusive. This is particularly true in the case of age-related pathologies, where nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 is a well-established mitigator of many of the observed pathogenic effects, yet options to target this pathway remain limited. Along these lines, loss of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 function has clearly been shown to enhance neuropathological outcomes, with enhancing nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 pathway activation to prevent neurodegenerative/neurological disease progression continuing to be an active area of interest. One critical obstacle in generating successful therapeutics for brain-related pathologies is the ability of the compound to cross the blood brain barrier (BBB), which has also hampered the implementation of several promising nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 inducers. Another limitation is that many nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 activators have undesirable off-target effects due to their electrophilic nature. Despite these constraints, the field has continued to evolve, and several viable means of targeting nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 in a neuropathological context have emerged. In this perspective, we will briefly discuss the key findings and promising therapeutic options that have been discovered to date, as well as highlight emerging areas of NRF2-neurodegeneration research that provide hope for successfully targeting this pathway in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew Dodson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
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Yan R, Lin B, Jin W, Tang L, Hu S, Cai R. NRF2, a Superstar of Ferroptosis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1739. [PMID: 37760042 PMCID: PMC10525540 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12091739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent and lipid peroxidation-driven cell death cascade, occurring when there is an imbalance of redox homeostasis in the cell. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NFE2L2, also known as NRF2) is key for cellular antioxidant responses, which promotes downstream genes transcription by binding to their antioxidant response elements (AREs). Numerous studies suggest that NRF2 assumes an extremely important role in the regulation of ferroptosis, for its various functions in iron, lipid, and amino acid metabolism, and so on. Many pathological states are relevant to ferroptosis. Abnormal suppression of ferroptosis is found in many cases of cancer, promoting their progression and metastasis. While during tissue damages, ferroptosis is recurrently promoted, resulting in a large number of cell deaths and even dysfunctions of the corresponding organs. Therefore, targeting NRF2-related signaling pathways, to induce or inhibit ferroptosis, has become a great potential therapy for combating cancers, as well as preventing neurodegenerative and ischemic diseases. In this review, a brief overview of the research process of ferroptosis over the past decade will be presented. In particular, the mechanisms of ferroptosis and a focus on the regulation of ferroptosis by NRF2 will be discussed. Finally, the review will briefly list some clinical applications of targeting the NRF2 signaling pathway in the treatment of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Shuming Hu
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; (R.Y.); (B.L.); (W.J.); (L.T.)
| | - Rong Cai
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; (R.Y.); (B.L.); (W.J.); (L.T.)
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Fronza MG, Alves D, Praticò D, Savegnago L. The neurobiology and therapeutic potential of multi-targeting β-secretase, glycogen synthase kinase 3β and acetylcholinesterase in Alzheimer's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 90:102033. [PMID: 37595640 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, affecting almost 50 million of people around the world, characterized by a complex and age-related progressive pathology with projections to duplicate its incidence by the end of 2050. AD pathology has two major hallmarks, the amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides accumulation and tau hyperphosphorylation, alongside with several sub pathologies including neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, loss of neurogenesis and synaptic dysfunction. In recent years, extensive research pointed out several therapeutic targets which have shown promising effects on modifying the course of the disease in preclinical models of AD but with substantial failure when transposed to clinic trials, suggesting that modulating just an isolated feature of the pathology might not be sufficient to improve brain function and enhance cognition. In line with this, there is a growing consensus that an ideal disease modifying drug should address more than one feature of the pathology. Considering these evidence, β-secretase (BACE1), Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) has emerged as interesting therapeutic targets. BACE1 is the rate-limiting step in the Aβ production, GSK-3β is considered the main kinase responsible for Tau hyperphosphorylation, and AChE play an important role in modulating memory formation and learning. However, the effects underlying the modulation of these enzymes are not limited by its primarily functions, showing interesting effects in a wide range of impaired events secondary to AD pathology. In this sense, this review will summarize the involvement of BACE1, GSK-3β and AChE on synaptic function, neuroplasticity, neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. Additionally, we will present and discuss new perspectives on the modulation of these pathways on AD pathology and future directions on the development of drugs that concomitantly target these enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana G Fronza
- Neurobiotechnology Research Group (GPN) - Centre for Technology Development CDTec, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Diego Alves
- Laboratory of Clean Organic Synthesis (LASOL), Center for Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences (CCQFA), UFPel, RS, Brazil
| | - Domenico Praticò
- Alzheimer's Center at Temple - ACT, Temple University, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Lucielli Savegnago
- Neurobiotechnology Research Group (GPN) - Centre for Technology Development CDTec, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
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Su WY, Tian LY, Guo LP, Huang LQ, Gao WY. PI3K signaling-regulated metabolic reprogramming: From mechanism to application. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188952. [PMID: 37499988 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Oncogenic signaling involved in tumor metabolic reprogramming. Tumorigenesis was not only determined by the mutations or deletion of oncogenes but also accompanied by the reprogramming of cellular metabolism. Metabolic alterations play a crucial regulatory role in the development and progression of tumors. Oncogenic PI3K/AKT signaling mediates the metabolic switch in cancer cells and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. PI3K/AKT and its downstream effector branch off and connect to multiple steps of metabolism, such as glucose, lipids, and amino acids. Thus, PI3K inhibitor could effectively regulate metabolic pathway and impede the oncogenic process and some key metabolic proteins or critical enzymes also constitute biomarkers for tumor diagnosis and treatment. In the current review, we summarize the significant effect of PI3K/AKT signaling toward tumor metabolism, it enables us to obtain the better understanding for this interaction and develop more effective therapeutic strategies targeting cancer cell metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Ya Su
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lu Yao Tian
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lan Pin Guo
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Qi Huang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Yuan Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.
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Haydinger CD, Oliver GF, Ashander LM, Smith JR. Oxidative Stress and Its Regulation in Diabetic Retinopathy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1649. [PMID: 37627644 PMCID: PMC10451779 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy is the retinal disease associated with hyperglycemia in patients who suffer from type 1 or type 2 diabetes. It includes maculopathy, involving the central retina and characterized by ischemia and/or edema, and peripheral retinopathy that progresses to a proliferative stage with neovascularization. Approximately 10% of the global population is estimated to suffer from diabetes, and around one in 5 of these individuals have diabetic retinopathy. One of the major effects of hyperglycemia is oxidative stress, the pathological state in which elevated production of reactive oxygen species damages tissues, cells, and macromolecules. The retina is relatively prone to oxidative stress due to its high metabolic activity. This review provides a summary of the role of oxidative stress in diabetic retinopathy, including a description of the retinal cell players and the molecular mechanisms. It discusses pathological processes, including the formation and effects of advanced glycation end-products, the impact of metabolic memory, and involvements of non-coding RNA. The opportunities for the therapeutic blockade of oxidative stress in diabetic retinopathy are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Justine R. Smith
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia; (C.D.H.); (G.F.O.); (L.M.A.)
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Petsouki E, Ender S, Sosa Cabrera SN, Heiss EH. AMPK-Mediated Phosphorylation of Nrf2 at S374/S408/S433 Favors Its βTrCP2-Mediated Degradation in KEAP1-Deficient Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1586. [PMID: 37627580 PMCID: PMC10451539 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Nrf2 is a transcription factor facilitating cells' resilience against redox and various other forms of stress. In the absence of stressors, KEAP1 and/or βTrCP mediate the ubiquitination of Nrf2 and prevent Nrf2-dependent gene expression and detoxification. AMPK regulates cellular energy homeostasis and redox balance. Previous studies indicated a potential Nrf2-AMPK cooperativity. In line with this, our lab had previously identified three AMPK-dependent phosphorylation sites (S374/408/433) in Nrf2. Given their localization in or near the Neh6 domain, known to regulate βTrCP-mediated degradation, we examined whether they may influence the βTrCP-driven degradation of Nrf2. By employing expression plasmids for WT and triple mutant (TM)-Nrf2 (Nrf2S374/408/433→A), (co)immunoprecipitation, proximity ligation, protein half-life, knockdown, ubiquitination experiments, and qPCR in Keap1-null mouse embryonic fibroblasts, we show that TM-Nrf2S→A374/408/433 had enhanced stability due to impeded interaction with βTrCP2 and reduced ubiquitination in comparison to WT-Nrf2. In addition, TM-Nrf2 elicited higher expression of the Nrf2 target gene Gclc, potentiated in the presence of a pharmacological AMPK activator. Overall, we propose that AMPK-dependent phospho-sites of Nrf2 can favor its βTrCP2-mediated degradation and dampen the extent of Nrf2 target gene expression. Therefore, targeting AMPK might be able to diminish Nrf2-mediated responses in cells with overactive Nrf2 due to KEAP1 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Petsouki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (S.E.); (S.N.S.C.); (E.H.H.)
| | - Sylvia Ender
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (S.E.); (S.N.S.C.); (E.H.H.)
| | - Shara Natalia Sosa Cabrera
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (S.E.); (S.N.S.C.); (E.H.H.)
- Vienna Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Elke H. Heiss
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (S.E.); (S.N.S.C.); (E.H.H.)
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Brackhan M, Arribas-Blazquez M, Lastres-Becker I. Aging, NRF2, and TAU: A Perfect Match for Neurodegeneration? Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1564. [PMID: 37627559 PMCID: PMC10451380 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the trigger for the neurodegenerative disease process is unknown, the relevance of aging stands out as a major risk for the development of neurodegeneration. In this review, we highlighted the relationship between the different cellular mechanisms that occur as a consequence of aging and transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and the connection with the TAU protein. We focused on the relevance of NRF2 in the main processes involved in neurodegeneration and associated with aging, such as genomic instability, protein degradation systems (proteasomes/autophagy), cellular senescence, and stem cell exhaustion, as well as inflammation. We also analyzed the effect of aging on TAU protein levels and its aggregation and spread process. Finally, we investigated the interconnection between NRF2 and TAU and the relevance of alterations in the NRF2 signaling pathway in both primary and secondary tauopathies. All these points highlight NRF2 as a possible therapeutic target for tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam Brackhan
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” UAM-CSIC, c/Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Arribas-Blazquez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Lastres-Becker
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” UAM-CSIC, c/Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Institute Teófilo Hernando for Drug Discovery, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28031 Madrid, Spain
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