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Abdullahi IN, Lozano C, Zarazaga M, Latorre-Fernández J, Hallstrøm S, Rasmussen A, Stegger M, Torres C. Genomic Characterization and Phylogenetic Analysis of Linezolid-Resistant Enterococcus from the Nostrils of Healthy Hosts Identifies Zoonotic Transmission. Curr Microbiol 2024; 81:225. [PMID: 38877167 PMCID: PMC11178607 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-024-03737-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Linezolid resistance in Enterococcus spp. is increasingly considered critically important and a public health threat which mandates the need to understand their genomic contents and dissemination patterns. Here, we used whole-genome sequencing to characterize the resistome, virulome and mobile genetic elements of nine linezolid-resistant (LZDR) enterococci (seven optrA-E. faecalis, one poxtA-E. faecium and one optrA-E. casseliflavus) previously obtained from the nares of healthy dogs, pigs, pig farmers and tracheal samples of nestling storks in Spain. Also, the relatedness of the isolates with publicly available genomes was accessed by core-genome single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis. The optrA gene of the E. faecalis and E. casseliflavus isolates was located downstream of the fexA gene. The optrA gene in the E. casseliflavus isolate was carried in a plasmid (pURX4962), while those in the seven E. faecalis isolates were chromosomally located. The OptrA proteins were mostly variants of wild type (DP-2: Y176D/T481P; RDK: I104R/Y176D/E256K; DD-3: Y176D/G393D; and EDD: K3E/Y176D/G393D), except two that were wild type (one E. faecalis and one E. casseliflavus). The poxtA gene in the E. faecium isolate was found alone within its contig. The cfrD was upstream of ermB gene in the E. casseliflavus isolate and flanked by ISNCY and IS1216. All the LZDR enterococci carried plasmid rep genes (2-3) containing tetracycline, chloramphenicol and aminoglycoside resistance genes. All isolates except E. casseliflavus carried at least one intact prophage, of which E. faecalis-ST330 (X4957) from a pig carried the highest (n = 5). Tn6260 was associated with lnuG in E. faecalis-ST330 while Tn554 was with fexA in E. feaecalis-ST59 isolates. All except E. casseliflavus (n = 0) carried at least two metal resistance genes (MRGs), of which poxtA-carrying E. faecium-ST1739 isolate contained the most (arsA, copA, fief, ziaA, znuA, zosA, zupT, and zur). SNP-based analyses identified closely related optrA-E. faecalis isolates from a pig and a pig farmer on the same farm (SNP = 4). Moreover, optrA- carrying E. faecalis-ST32, -ST59, and -ST474 isolates from pigs were related to those previously described from humans (sick and healthy) and cattle in Spain, Belgium, and Switzerland (SNP range 43-86). These findings strongly suggest the transmission of LZDR-E. faecalis between a pig and a pig farmer and potential inter-country dissemination. These highlight the need to strengthen molecular surveillance of LZDR enterococci in all ecological niches and body parts to direct appropriate control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idris Nasir Abdullahi
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, 26006, Logroño, Spain
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, PMB 05 , Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Carmen Lozano
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, 26006, Logroño, Spain
| | - Myriam Zarazaga
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, 26006, Logroño, Spain
| | - Javier Latorre-Fernández
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, 26006, Logroño, Spain
| | - Søren Hallstrøm
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Astrid Rasmussen
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marc Stegger
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | - Carmen Torres
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, 26006, Logroño, Spain.
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Tadesse BT, Svetlicic E, Zhao S, Berhane N, Jers C, Solem C, Mijakovic I. Bad to the bone? - Genomic analysis of Enterococcus isolates from diverse environments reveals that most are safe and display potential as food fermentation microorganisms. Microbiol Res 2024; 283:127702. [PMID: 38552381 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Enterococci comprise a group of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with considerable potential to serve as food fermentation microorganisms. Unfortunately, enterococci have received a lot of negative attention, due to the occurrence of pathogenic and multidrug resistant strains. In this study, we used genomics to select safe candidates among the forty-four studied enterococcal isolates. The genomes of the forty-four strains were fully sequenced and assessed for presence of virulence and antibiotic resistance genes. Nineteen isolates belonging to the species Enterococcus lactis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus durans, and Enterococcus thailandicus, were deemed safe from the genome analysis. The presence of secondary metabolite gene clusters for bacteriocins was assessed, and twelve candidates were found to secrete antimicrobial compounds effective against Listeria monocytogenes isolated from cheese and Staphylococcus aureus. Physiological characterization revealed nineteen industrial potentials; all strains grew well at 42 °C and acidified 1.5 hours faster than their mesophilic counterpart Lactococcus lactis, with which they share metabolism and flavor forming ability. We conclude that a large fraction of the examined enterococci were safe and could serve as excellent food fermentation microorganisms with inherent bioprotective abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belay Tilahun Tadesse
- National Food Institute, Research Group for Microbial Biotechnology and Biorefining, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ema Svetlicic
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Shuangqing Zhao
- National Food Institute, Research Group for Microbial Biotechnology and Biorefining, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Nega Berhane
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Carsten Jers
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Christian Solem
- National Food Institute, Research Group for Microbial Biotechnology and Biorefining, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark.
| | - Ivan Mijakovic
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; Systems and Synthetic Biology Division, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Pepoyan A, Mikayelyan M, Grigoryan H, Stepanyan L, Mirzabekyan S, Malkhasyan L, Harutyunyan N, Manvelyan A, Balayan M. Challenges for heat stress: Intestinal culturable bacteria of Lohmann Brown chickens. Res Vet Sci 2024; 172:105258. [PMID: 38615473 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess how heat stress, specifically within the range of 35-38 °C, affects the populations of culturable intestinal lactobacilli, enterococci, and Escherichia coli, as well as the expression of Heat Shock Proteins (HSP70), in Lohmann Brown chickens. It also explored the influence of the chickens' blood transferrin and ceruloplasmin genotypes on these responses. Thirty chickens underwent eight hours of heat stress, maintained at an average temperature of 37 °C and a relative humidity of 75-80%, with continuous access to food and water. Behavioral monitoring was conducted throughout to prevent excessive heat-related mortality. The Lohmann Brown chickens from the Yerevan "Arax" poultry farm were initially classified based on their blood transferrin and ceruloplasmin genotypes to investigate potential correlations between intestinal bacterial composition and variations in these polymorphisms. A significant correlation was found between heat stress and the abundance of culturable enterococci within the intestinal microbiota, regardless of chicken TfAB, TfBC, CpAB, CpCC and TfAB, TfBC, CpAB, CpCD genotypes. Heat stress led to nearly double the HSP70 levels in chicken blood, along with a reduction in the culturable enterococci population by at least 10,000-fold in the intestinal microbiota. These findings are significant for targeted management strategies to mitigate heat stress in chicken populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pepoyan
- Division of food safety and biotechnology, Armenian National Agrarian University, Teryan 74, 0009 Yerevan, Armenia; International Association for Human and Animals Health Improvement, Yerevan, Armenia.
| | - M Mikayelyan
- Division of food safety and biotechnology, Armenian National Agrarian University, Teryan 74, 0009 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - H Grigoryan
- Division of food safety and biotechnology, Armenian National Agrarian University, Teryan 74, 0009 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - L Stepanyan
- Division of food safety and biotechnology, Armenian National Agrarian University, Teryan 74, 0009 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - S Mirzabekyan
- Division of food safety and biotechnology, Armenian National Agrarian University, Teryan 74, 0009 Yerevan, Armenia; International Association for Human and Animals Health Improvement, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - L Malkhasyan
- Division of food safety and biotechnology, Armenian National Agrarian University, Teryan 74, 0009 Yerevan, Armenia; International Association for Human and Animals Health Improvement, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - N Harutyunyan
- Division of food safety and biotechnology, Armenian National Agrarian University, Teryan 74, 0009 Yerevan, Armenia; International Association for Human and Animals Health Improvement, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - A Manvelyan
- Division of food safety and biotechnology, Armenian National Agrarian University, Teryan 74, 0009 Yerevan, Armenia; International Association for Human and Animals Health Improvement, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - M Balayan
- Division of food safety and biotechnology, Armenian National Agrarian University, Teryan 74, 0009 Yerevan, Armenia; International Association for Human and Animals Health Improvement, Yerevan, Armenia
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Lossouarn J, Beurrier E, Bouteau A, Moncaut E, Sir Silmane M, Portalier H, Zouari A, Cattoir V, Serror P, Petit MA. The virtue of training: extending phage host spectra against vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium strains using the Appelmans method. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2024; 68:e0143923. [PMID: 38591854 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01439-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Phage therapy has (re)emerged as a serious possibility for combating multidrug-resistant bacterial infections, including those caused by vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium strains. These opportunistic pathogens belong to a specific clonal complex 17, against which relatively few phages have been screened. We isolated a collection of 21 virulent phages growing on these vancomycin-resistant isolates. Each of these phages harbored a typical narrow plaquing host range, lysing at most 5 strains and covering together 10 strains of our panel of 14 clinical isolates. To enlarge the host spectrum of our phages, the Appelmans protocol was used. We mixed four out of our most complementary phages in a cocktail that we iteratively grew on eight naive strains from our panel, of which six were initially refractory to at least three of the combined phages. Fifteen successive passages permitted to significantly improve the lytic activity of the cocktail, from which phages with extended host ranges within the E. faecium species could be isolated. A single evolved phage able to kill up to 10 of the 14 initial E. faecium strains was obtained, and it barely infected nearby species. All evolved phages had acquired point mutations or a recombination event in the tail fiber genetic region, suggesting these genes might have driven phage evolution by contributing to their extended host spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Lossouarn
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Elsa Beurrier
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Astrid Bouteau
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Elisabeth Moncaut
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Maria Sir Silmane
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Heïdi Portalier
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Asma Zouari
- CHU de Rennes, Service de Bactériologie-Hygiène Hospitalière et CNR de la Résistance aux Antibiotiques (laboratoire associé "Entérocoques"), Rennes, France
| | - Vincent Cattoir
- CHU de Rennes, Service de Bactériologie-Hygiène Hospitalière et CNR de la Résistance aux Antibiotiques (laboratoire associé "Entérocoques"), Rennes, France
- Université de Rennes, INSERM, UMR_S1230 BRM, Rennes, France
| | - Pascale Serror
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Marie-Agnès Petit
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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Wódz K, Chodkowska KA, Iwiński H, Różański H, Wojciechowski J. In Vitro Evaluation of Phytobiotic Mixture Antibacterial Potential against Enterococcus spp. Strains Isolated from Broiler Chicken. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4797. [PMID: 38732016 PMCID: PMC11084370 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus spp. are normal intestinal tract microflorae found in poultry. However, the last decades have shown that several species, e.g., Enterococcus cecorum, have become emerging pathogens in broilers and may cause numerous losses in flocks. In this study, two combinations (H1 and H2) of menthol, 1,8-cineol, linalool, methyl salicylate, γ-terpinene, p-cymene, trans-anethole, terpinen-4-ol and thymol were used in an in vitro model, analyzing its effectiveness against the strains E. cecorum, E. faecalis, E. faecium, E. hirae and E. gallinarum isolated from broiler chickens from industrial farms. To identify the isolated strains classical microbiological methods and VITEK 2 GP cards were used. Moreover for E. cecorum a PCR test was used.. Antibiotic sensitivity (MIC) tests were performed for all the strains. For the composition H1, the effective dilution for E. cecorum and E. hirae strains was 1:512, and for E. faecalis, E. faecium and E. gallinarum, 1:1024. The second mixture (H2) showed very similar results with an effectiveness at 1:512 for E. cecorum and E. hirae and 1:1024 for E. faecalis, E. faecium and E. gallinarum. The presented results suggest that the proposed composition is effective against selected strains of Enterococcus in an in vitro model, and its effect is comparable to classical antibiotics used to treat this pathogen in poultry. This may suggest that this product may also be effective in vivo and provide effective support in the management of enterococcosis in broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Wódz
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Vet-Lab Brudzew, Turkowska 58c, 62-720 Brudzew, Poland;
| | | | - Hubert Iwiński
- AdiFeed Sp. z o.o., Chrzanowska 15, 05-825 Grodzisk Mazowiecki, Poland; (H.I.); (H.R.)
| | - Henryk Różański
- AdiFeed Sp. z o.o., Chrzanowska 15, 05-825 Grodzisk Mazowiecki, Poland; (H.I.); (H.R.)
- Laboratory of Industrial and Experimental Biology, Institute for Health and Economics, Carpathian State College in Krosno, Rynek 1, 38-400 Krosno, Poland
| | - Jakub Wojciechowski
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Vet-Lab Brudzew, Turkowska 58c, 62-720 Brudzew, Poland;
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Kim YH, Lee DH, Seo HS, Eun SH, Lee DS, Choi YK, Lee SH, Kim TY. Genome-based taxonomic identification and safety assessment of an Enterococcus strain isolated from a homemade dairy product. Int Microbiol 2024:10.1007/s10123-024-00496-9. [PMID: 38466360 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-024-00496-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the taxonomic identification and evaluate the safety of a bacterium, Enterococcus lactis IDCC 2105, isolated from homemade cheese in Korea, using whole genome sequence (WGS) analysis. It sought to identify the species level of this Enterococcus spp., assess its antibiotic resistance, and evaluate its virulence potential. WGS analysis confirmed the bacterial strain IDCC 2105 as E. lactis and identified genes responsible for resistance to erythromycin and clindamycin, specifically msrC, and eatAv, which are chromosomally located, indicating a minimal risk for horizontal gene transfer. The absence of plasmids in E. lactis IDCC 2105 further diminishes the likelihood of resistance gene dissemination. Additionally, our investigation into seven virulence factors, including hemolysis, platelet aggregation, biofilm formation, hyaluronidase, gelatinase, ammonia production, and β-glucuronidase activity, revealed no detectable virulence traits. Although bioinformatic analysis suggested the presence of collagen adhesion genes acm and scm, these were not corroborated by phenotypic virulence assays. Based on these findings, E. lactis IDCC 2105 presents as a safe strain for potential applications, contributing valuable information on its taxonomy, antibiotic resistance profile, and lack of virulence factors, supporting its use in food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Hoo Kim
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, South Korea
| | | | - Han Sol Seo
- Yunovia Co., Ltd, Hwaseong, 18449, South Korea
| | | | - Do Sup Lee
- Yunovia Co., Ltd, Hwaseong, 18449, South Korea
| | | | - Sang Hyun Lee
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, South Korea
| | - Tae-Yoon Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, Seongnam, 13488, Republic of Korea.
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Ghazvinian M, Asgharzadeh Marghmalek S, Gholami M, Amir Gholami S, Amiri E, Goli HR. Antimicrobial resistance patterns, virulence genes, and biofilm formation in enterococci strains collected from different sources. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:274. [PMID: 38438983 PMCID: PMC10910731 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09117-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, antibiotic-resistant strains of Enterococcus are considered to be one of the critical health challenges globally. This study aimed to investigate the antibiotic susceptibility pattern, biofilm formation capacity, and virulence genes of enterococci isolated from different sources. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, environmental and fecal samples were collected from the hospital environment, volunteers, and hospital staff from October 2018 to August 2019. The isolates were identified by morphological and biochemical tests (gram staining, catalase, bile resistance, esculin hydrolysis, carbohydrate fermentation, growth in 6.5% NaCl, Pyrrolidonyl arylamidase, arginine dehydrolase), and PCR for ddl gene. An antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed by the standard disk agar diffusion method according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Quantitative microplate assays were used to assess biofilm production. The bacterial DNAs were extracted by alkaline lysis method and polymerase chain reaction technique was used detect the esp, ace, and efaA virulence genes. RESULTS Out of 145 isolates, 84 (57.9%) were identified as E. faecalis and 61 (42.1%) as E. faecium. Resistance to kanamycin and quinupristin-dalfopristin was 82.1% (69/84) and 85.7% (72/84), respectively, in E. faecalis isolates. Out of 61 E. faecalis isolates, 38 (62.4%) were resistant to kanamycin. Among the E. faecalis isolates, esp was the most dominant virulence gene (73.80%), followed by efaA, and ace, which were detected in 60.71%, and 30.95% isolates, respectively. In total, 68.27% of the strains were biofilm producers. Further, esp and efaA genes were more frequently found among E. faecalis strains with moderate and strong biofilm biomass. CONCLUSIONS According to the findings of our study, enterococci strains isolated from different samples possess distinctive patterns of virulence genes. The esp, ace, and efaA genes were more prevalent among E. faecalis than E. faecium. Besides, the high level antibiotic resistance of normal flora and environmental enterococci strains is alarming the researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ghazvinian
- Molecular and Cell Biology Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Farah Abad Blv, Khazar Square, Sari, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Saba Asgharzadeh Marghmalek
- Molecular and Cell Biology Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Farah Abad Blv, Khazar Square, Sari, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Gholami
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Farah Abad Blv, Khazar Square, Sari, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Sanaz Amir Gholami
- Molecular and Cell Biology Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Farah Abad Blv, Khazar Square, Sari, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Elham Amiri
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Farah Abad Blv, Khazar Square, Sari, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Goli
- Molecular and Cell Biology Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Farah Abad Blv, Khazar Square, Sari, Mazandaran, Iran.
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Li XD, Lu Y, Luo CY, Xin WG, Kang X, Lin YC, Lin LB. Lacticaseibacillus chiayiensis mediate intestinal microbiome and microbiota-derived metabolites regulating the growth and immunity of chicks. Vet Microbiol 2024; 290:109969. [PMID: 38211362 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Emerging evidence confirms beneficial properties of probiotics in promoting growth and immunity of farmed chicken. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the host-microbiome interactions mediated by probiotics are not fully understood. In this study, the internal mechanisms of Lacticaseibacillus chiayiensis-mediated host-microbiome interactions and to elucidate how it promotes host growth were investigated by additional supplementation with L. chiayiensis. We conducted experiments, including intestinal cytokines, digestive enzymes test, intestinal microbiome, metabolome and transcriptome analysis. The results showed that chickens fed L. chiayiensis exhibited higher body weight gain and digestive enzyme activity, and lower pro-inflammatory cytokines, compared to controls. Microbiota sequencing analysis showed that the gut microbiota structure was reshaped with L. chiayiensis supplementation. Specifically, Lactobacillus and Escherichia increased in abundance and Enterococcus, Lactococcus, Corynebacterium, Weissella and Gallicola decreased. In addition, the bacterial community diversity was significantly increased compared to controls. Metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses revealed that higher bile acids and N-acyl amides concentrations and lower carbohydrates concentrations in L. chiayiensis-fed chickens. Meanwhile, the expression of genes related to nutrient transport and absorption in the intestine was upregulated, which reflected the enhanced digestion and absorption of nutrients in chickens supplemented with L. chiayiensis. Moreover, supplementation of L. chiayiensis down-regulated genes involved in inflammation-related, mainly involved in NF-κB signaling pathway and MHC-II mediated antigen presentation process. Cumulatively, these findings highlight that host-microbiota crosstalk enhances the host growth phenotype in two ways: by enhancing bile acid metabolism and digestive enzyme activity, and reducing the occurrence of intestinal inflammation to promote nutrient absorption and maintain intestinal health. This provides a basis for the application of LAB as an alternative to antibiotics in animal husbandry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Dong Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China; Engineering Research Center for Replacement Technology of Feed Antibiotics of Yunnan College, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Yao Lu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China; Engineering Research Center for Replacement Technology of Feed Antibiotics of Yunnan College, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Cheng-Ying Luo
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China; Engineering Research Center for Replacement Technology of Feed Antibiotics of Yunnan College, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Wei-Gang Xin
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China; Engineering Research Center for Replacement Technology of Feed Antibiotics of Yunnan College, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Xin Kang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China; Engineering Research Center for Replacement Technology of Feed Antibiotics of Yunnan College, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Yi-Cen Lin
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China; Engineering Research Center for Replacement Technology of Feed Antibiotics of Yunnan College, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China.
| | - Lian-Bing Lin
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China; Engineering Research Center for Replacement Technology of Feed Antibiotics of Yunnan College, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China.
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Acero-Pimentel D, Romero-Sánchez DI, Fuentes-Curiel SN, Quirasco M. Study of an Enterococcus faecium strain isolated from an artisanal Mexican cheese, whole-genome sequencing, comparative genomics, and bacteriocin expression. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2024; 117:40. [PMID: 38393447 PMCID: PMC10891205 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-024-01938-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Enterococci are ubiquitous microorganisms in almost all environments, from the soil we step on to the food we eat. They are frequently found in naturally fermented foods, contributing to ripening through protein, lipid, and sugar metabolism. On the other hand, these organisms are also leading the current antibiotic resistance crisis. In this study, we performed whole-genome sequencing and comparative genomics of an Enterococcus faecium strain isolated from an artisanal Mexican Cotija cheese, namely QD-2. We found clear genomic differences between commensal and pathogenic strains, particularly in their carbohydrate metabolic pathways, resistance to vancomycin and other antibiotics, bacteriocin production, and bacteriophage and CRISPR content. Furthermore, a bacteriocin transcription analysis performed by RT-qPCR revealed that, at the end of the log phase, besides enterocins A and X, two putative bacteriocins not reported previously are also transcribed as a bicistronic operon in E. faecium QD-2, and are expressed 1.5 times higher than enterocin A when cultured in MRS broth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Acero-Pimentel
- Departamento de Alimentos y Biotecnología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Diana I Romero-Sánchez
- Departamento de Alimentos y Biotecnología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sac Nicté Fuentes-Curiel
- Departamento de Alimentos y Biotecnología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Maricarmen Quirasco
- Departamento de Alimentos y Biotecnología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico.
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10
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Masuda S, Jinushi R, Imamura Y, Kubota J, Kimura K, Shionoya K, Makazu M, Sato R, Kako M, Kobayashi M, Uojima H, Koizumi K. Association of short-course antimicrobial therapy and bacterial resistance in acute cholangitis: Retrospective cohort study. Endosc Int Open 2024; 12:E307-E316. [PMID: 38420157 PMCID: PMC10901644 DOI: 10.1055/a-2230-8229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and study aims Although the number of resistant bacteria tends to increase with prolonged antimicrobial therapy, no studies have examined the relationship between the duration of antimicrobial therapy and increase in the number of resistant bacteria in acute cholangitis. We hypothesized that the short-term administration of antimicrobial agents in acute cholangitis would suppress bacterial resistance. Patients and methods This was a single-center, retrospective, observational study of patients with acute cholangitis admitted between January 2018 and June 2020 who met the following criteria: successful biliary drainage, positive blood or bile cultures, bacteria identified from cultures sensitive to antimicrobials, and subsequent cholangitis recurrence by January 2022. The patients were divided into two groups: those whose causative organisms at the time of recurrence became resistant to the antimicrobial agents used at the time of initial admission (resistant group) and those who remained susceptible (susceptible group). Multivariate analysis was used to examine risk factors associated with the development of resistant pathogens. Multivariate analysis investigated antibiotics used with the length of 3 days or shorter after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and previously reported risk factors for the development of bacterial resistance. Results In total, 89 eligible patients were included in this study. There were no significant differences in patient background or ERCP findings between the groups. The use of antibiotics, completed within 3 days after ERCP, was associated with a lower risk of developing bacterial resistance (odds ratio, 0.17; 95% confidence interval, 0.04-0.65; P =0.01). Conclusions In acute cholangitis, the administration of antimicrobials within 3 days of ERCP may suppress the development of resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakue Masuda
- Gastroenterology, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Kamakura, Japan
| | - Ryuhei Jinushi
- Gastroenterology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Imamura
- Division of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Department of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Jun Kubota
- Gastroenterology, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Kamakura, Japan
| | - Karen Kimura
- Gastroenterology, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Kamakura, Japan
| | - Kento Shionoya
- Gastroenterology, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Kamakura, Japan
| | - Makomo Makazu
- Gastroenterology, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Kamakura, Japan
| | - Ryo Sato
- Gastroenterology, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Kamakura, Japan
| | - Makoto Kako
- Gastroenterology, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Kamakura, Japan
| | | | - Haruki Uojima
- Department of Gastroenterology, Internal Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Kazuya Koizumi
- Gastroenterology, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Kamakura, Japan
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11
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Liu X, Han CH, Mao T, Wu J, Ke LY, Guo YJ, Han RS, Tian ZB. Commensal Enterococcus faecalis W5 ameliorates hyperuricemia and maintains the epithelial barrier in a hyperuricemia mouse model. J Dig Dis 2024; 25:44-60. [PMID: 38126957 DOI: 10.1111/1751-2980.13249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The intestine is responsible for approximately one-third of uric acid (UA) excretion. The effect of commensal Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis), one of the most colonized bacteria in the gut, on UA excretion in the intestine remains to be investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of commensal E. faecalis on UA metabolism and gut microbiota. METHODS The 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to examine the species of Enterococcus in mouse fecal content. E. faecalis strain was isolated from mouse feces and identified to be E. faecalis W5. The hyperuricemia (HUA) animal model was established with yeast-rich forage and 250 mg·kg-1 ·day-1 potassium oxonate. Oral administration of E. faecalis W5 was given for 20 days, serving as the Efa group. RESULTS Disrupted intestinal barrier, activated proinflammatory response and low UA excretion in the intestine were found in HUA mice. After E. faecalis W5 treatment, the gut barrier was restored and serum UA level was decreased. Additionally, fecal and intestinal UA levels were elevated, intestinal urate transporter ABCG2 and purine metabolism were upregulated. Moreover, short-chain fatty acid levels were increased, and intestinal inflammation was ameliorated. CONCLUSIONS Commensal E. faecalis W5 ameliorated HUA through reversing the impaired gut barrier, promoting intestinal UA secretion by regulating ABCG2 expression, and decreasing intestinal UA synthesis by regulating purine metabolism. The results may provide the potential for developing treatments for HUA through the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Chun Hua Han
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Tao Mao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Le Yong Ke
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Ying Jie Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Rong Shuang Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zi Bin Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
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12
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Jørgensen AB, Jonsson I, Friis-Hansen L, Brandstrup B. Collagenase-producing bacteria are common in anastomotic leakage after colorectal surgery: a systematic review. Int J Colorectal Dis 2023; 38:275. [PMID: 38038731 PMCID: PMC10692267 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-023-04562-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Some gut bacteria can produce enzymes (collagenases) that can break down collagen in the intestinal wall. This could be a part of the pathophysiology of anastomotic leakage (AL). This systematic review aimed to investigate if such bacteria were present more frequently in AL patients versus non-AL patients following colorectal surgery. METHODS This systematic review was reported according to the PRISMA and AMSTAR guidelines. Before the literature search, a study protocol was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42022363454). We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and Cochrane CENTRAL on April 9th, 2023, for randomized and observational human studies of AL following colorectal surgery with information on gastrointestinal bacteria. The primary outcome was bacteria with the potential to produce collagenase. The risk of bias was assessed with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, as all studies were observational. RESULTS We included 15 studies, with a total of 52,945 patients, of which 1,747 had AL, and bacteriological information from feces, mucosa, the resected specimen, or drain fluid was presented. In 10 of the 15 studies, one or more collagenase-producing bacteria were identified in the patients with AL. Neither the bacteria nor the collagenase production were quantified in any of the studies. The studies varied greatly in terms of sample material, analytical method, and time of collection. Studies using DNA sequencing methods did not report findings of collagenase-producing bacteria. CONCLUSION Collagenase-producing bacteria are more common in patients with AL following colorectal surgery than in patients without AL, but the significance is unclear. From the current studies, it is not possible to determine the pathogenicity of the individual gut bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Bech Jørgensen
- Department of Surgery, Holbæk Hospital, Part of Copenhagen University Hospitals, Region Zealand, Denmark.
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Isabella Jonsson
- Department of Surgery, Holbæk Hospital, Part of Copenhagen University Hospitals, Region Zealand, Denmark
| | - Lennart Friis-Hansen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg University Hospital, Capital Region, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Department of Microbiology, Rigshospitalet, Capital Region, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Brandstrup
- Department of Surgery, Holbæk Hospital, Part of Copenhagen University Hospitals, Region Zealand, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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13
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Salandre A, Delannoy J, Goudiaby MTB, Barbut F, Thomas M, Waligora-Dupriet AJ, Kapel N. A Simple In Vitro Test to Select Stools for Fecal Microbiota Transplantation to Limit Intestinal Carriage of Extensively Drug-Resistant Bacteria. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2753. [PMID: 38004765 PMCID: PMC10673217 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11112753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment options for multidrug-resistant bacterial infections are limited and often ineffective. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has emerged as a promising therapy for intestinal multidrug-resistant bacterial decolonization. However, clinical results are discrepant. The aim of our pilot study was to evaluate the screening performance of a simple diagnostic tool to select fecal samples that will be effective in decolonizing the intestine. Fecal samples from 10 healthy subjects were selected. We developed an agar spot test to evaluate their antagonistic activity toward the growth of VanA Enterococcus faecium and OXA-48-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae, two of the most serious and urgent threats of antibiotic resistance. Most fecal samples were able to limit the growth of both bacteria in vitro but with large inter-individual variation. The samples with the highest and lowest antagonistic activity were used for FMT in a mouse model of intestinal colonization. FMT was not successful in reducing intestinal colonization with VanA Enterococcus faecium, whereas FMT performed with the fecal sample showing the highest activity on the agar spot test was able to significantly reduce the intestinal colonization of mice with Klebsiella pneumoniae OXA-48. The agar spot test could thus serve as a reliable screening tool to select stool samples with the best potential to eradicate/reduce multidrug-resistant bacteria carriage after FMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélique Salandre
- INSERM UMR-S1139, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Paris Cité, F-75006 Paris, France; (A.S.); (J.D.); (M.T.B.G.); (F.B.); (A.-J.W.-D.)
| | - Johanne Delannoy
- INSERM UMR-S1139, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Paris Cité, F-75006 Paris, France; (A.S.); (J.D.); (M.T.B.G.); (F.B.); (A.-J.W.-D.)
| | - Marie Thérèse Barba Goudiaby
- INSERM UMR-S1139, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Paris Cité, F-75006 Paris, France; (A.S.); (J.D.); (M.T.B.G.); (F.B.); (A.-J.W.-D.)
| | - Frédéric Barbut
- INSERM UMR-S1139, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Paris Cité, F-75006 Paris, France; (A.S.); (J.D.); (M.T.B.G.); (F.B.); (A.-J.W.-D.)
- Infection Control Unit, APHP, Saint-Antoine Hospital, F-75012 Paris, France
- Paris Center for Microbiome Medicine (PaCeMM), Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire, F-75011 Paris, France;
| | - Muriel Thomas
- Paris Center for Microbiome Medicine (PaCeMM), Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire, F-75011 Paris, France;
- Micalis Institute, AgroParisTech, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Anne-Judith Waligora-Dupriet
- INSERM UMR-S1139, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Paris Cité, F-75006 Paris, France; (A.S.); (J.D.); (M.T.B.G.); (F.B.); (A.-J.W.-D.)
- Paris Center for Microbiome Medicine (PaCeMM), Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire, F-75011 Paris, France;
| | - Nathalie Kapel
- INSERM UMR-S1139, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Paris Cité, F-75006 Paris, France; (A.S.); (J.D.); (M.T.B.G.); (F.B.); (A.-J.W.-D.)
- Paris Center for Microbiome Medicine (PaCeMM), Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire, F-75011 Paris, France;
- Department of Coprology, APHP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, F-75013 Paris, France
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14
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Li H, Ma X, Li Y, Liu Q, Tian Q, Yang X, Zhou Z, Ren J, Sun B, Feng X, Zhang H, Yin X, Li H, Ding X. The metagenomic and metabolomic profile of the gut microbes in Chinese full-term and late preterm infants treated with Clostridium butyricum. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18775. [PMID: 37907561 PMCID: PMC10618524 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45586-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the composition, abundance, and diversity of gut microbes in full-term and late-preterm infants from a medical center in eastern China. A total of 144 genomes of stool samples were captured for 16S rRNA metagenomic analyses. A high abundance of commensal intestinal bacteria was detected in these samples such as Phocaeicola vulgatus, Escherichia coli, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, indicating a relatively consistent diversity of gut microbes in the present full-term infants aged 38-40 weeks. However, late preterm infants (n = 50) with mandatory antimicrobials feeding exhibited lower diversity but a higher composition of opportunistic pathogens such as Enterococcus species. Centralized on the situation, we explored the regulatory effect of Clostridium butyricum as probiotics on these late preterm infants. The consumption of C. butyricum did not restore the composition of gut microbes altered by antimicrobials to normal levels, although several opportunistic pathogens decreased significantly after probiotic therapy including Staphylococcus aureus, Sphingomonas echinoides, and Pseudomonas putida. We also compared the effects of day-fed versus night-fed probiotics. Intriguingly, the nighttime feeding showed a higher proportion of C. butyricum compared with probiotic day-feeding. Finally, fecal metabolome and metabolites were analyzed in late preterm infants with (n = 20) or without probiotic therapy (n = 20). The KEGG enrichment analysis demonstrated that vitamin digestion and absorption, synaptic vesicle cycle, and biotin metabolism were significantly increased in the probiotic-treated group, while MSEA indicated that a series of metabolism were significantly enriched in probiotic-treated infants including glycerolipid, biotin, and lysine, indicating the complex effects of probiotic therapy on glutathione metabolism and nutrients digestion and absorption in late preterm infants. Overall, this study provided metagenomic and metabolomic profile of the gut microbes in full-term newborns and late preterm infants in eastern China. Further studies are needed to support and elucidate the role of probiotic feeding in late preterm infants with mandatory antimicrobial treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Li
- Soochow Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Child Brain Injury, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, #303 Jingde Road, Gusu District, Suzhou, 215003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xingling Ma
- Soochow Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Child Brain Injury, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, #303 Jingde Road, Gusu District, Suzhou, 215003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongfu Li
- Neonatology Department, Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qin Liu
- Neonatology Department, Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Pediatric Department, Suzhou New District Yangshan Community Health Service Center, Suzhou, China
| | - Qiuyan Tian
- Soochow Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Child Brain Injury, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, #303 Jingde Road, Gusu District, Suzhou, 215003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Soochow Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Child Brain Injury, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, #303 Jingde Road, Gusu District, Suzhou, 215003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhemin Zhou
- Pasteurien College, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Ren
- Soochow Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Child Brain Injury, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, #303 Jingde Road, Gusu District, Suzhou, 215003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Sun
- Soochow Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Child Brain Injury, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, #303 Jingde Road, Gusu District, Suzhou, 215003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xing Feng
- Soochow Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Child Brain Injury, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, #303 Jingde Road, Gusu District, Suzhou, 215003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Taixing People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoping Yin
- Taixing People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Heng Li
- Pasteurien College, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xin Ding
- Soochow Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Child Brain Injury, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, #303 Jingde Road, Gusu District, Suzhou, 215003, Jiangsu, China.
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15
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Salamandane A, Cahango G, Muetanene BA, Malfeito-Ferreira M, Brito L. Multidrug Resistance in Enterococci Isolated from Cheese and Capable of Producing Benzalkonium Chloride-Resistant Biofilms. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1353. [PMID: 37887063 PMCID: PMC10604254 DOI: 10.3390/biology12101353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate enterococci recovered from eight Portuguese cheeses made with raw ewe's milk, regarding antibiotic resistance, virulence genes, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of benzalkonium chloride (BAC), biofilm formation capacity, and biofilm eradication (MBEC) by BAC. Antimicrobial resistance against seven antibiotics of five groups was evaluated using the disk diffusion method. The presence of the genes that encode resistance to the antibiotics penicillin (blaZ), erythromycin (ermA, ermB, and ermC), vancomycin (vanA and vanB), aminoglycoside (aac(6')-Ie-aph(2″)-Ia), and β-lactam (pbp5) and the genes that encode virulence factors, frsB, cylA, gelE, esp, and agg, were investigated via multiplex PCR. The susceptibility of planktonic cells to BAC was evaluated by the MIC and MBC values of the isolates, using the broth microdilution method. To assess the biofilm-forming ability and resistance of biofilms to BAC, biofilms were produced on stainless steel coupons, followed by exposure to BAC. The results showed a high resistance to the antibiotics vancomycin (87.5%), erythromycin (75%), tetracycline (50%), and penicillin (37.5%). Multidrug resistance was observed in 68.8% of the isolates. Genes encoding the virulence factors FrsB (frsB) and gelatinase E (gelE) were detected in all isolates. The esp and cylA genes were found in 56.3% and 37.5% of the isolates, respectively. All isolates exhibited a biofilm-forming ability, regardless of incubation time and temperature tested. However, after 72 h at 37 °C, E. faecium and E. faecalis biofilms showed significant differences (p ≤ 0.05). Although most isolates (62.5%) were susceptible to BAC (MIC ≤ 10 mg/L), biofilms of the same isolates were, generally, resistant to the higher concentration of BAC (80 mg/mL) tested. This study using Enterococcus isolates from a ready-to-eat food, such as cheese, reveals the high percentages of vancomycin resistance and multidrug resistance, associated with the presence of virulence genes, in isolates also capable of producing biofilms resistant to BAC, an important active ingredient of many disinfectants. These results emphasize the need for effective control measures to ensure the safety and quality of dairy products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Acácio Salamandane
- LEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal; (G.C.); (M.M.-F.); (L.B.)
- Faculdade de Ciências de Saúde, Universidade Lúrio, Campus Universitário de Marrere, Nampula 4250, Mozambique
| | - Gomes Cahango
- LEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal; (G.C.); (M.M.-F.); (L.B.)
- CNIC—Centro Nacional de Investigação Científica, Avenida Ho Chi Min, Luanda 201, Angola
| | - Belo Afonso Muetanene
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Lúrio, Campus Universitário de Unango, Sanga 3300, Mozambique;
| | - Manuel Malfeito-Ferreira
- LEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal; (G.C.); (M.M.-F.); (L.B.)
| | - Luísa Brito
- LEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal; (G.C.); (M.M.-F.); (L.B.)
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16
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Miller WR, Nguyen A, Singh KV, Rizvi S, Khan A, Erickson SG, Egge SL, Cruz M, Dinh AQ, Diaz L, Zhang R, Xu L, Garsin DA, Shamoo Y, Arias CA. Membrane Lipids Augment Cell Envelope Stress Signaling and Resistance to Antibiotics and Antimicrobial Peptides in Enterococcus faecalis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.17.562839. [PMID: 37904970 PMCID: PMC10614854 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.17.562839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Enterococci have evolved resistance mechanisms to protect their cell envelopes against bacteriocins and host cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs) produced in the gastrointestinal environment. Activation of the membrane stress response has also been tied to resistance to the lipopeptide antibiotic daptomycin. However, the actual effectors mediating resistance have not been elucidated. Here, we show that the MadRS (formerly YxdJK) membrane antimicrobial peptide defense system controls a network of genes, including a previously uncharacterized three gene operon (madEFG) that protects the E. faecalis cell envelope from antimicrobial peptides. Constitutive activation of the system confers protection against CAMPs and daptomycin in the absence of a functional LiaFSR system and leads to persistence of cardiac microlesions in vivo. Moreover, changes in the lipid cell membrane environment alter CAMP susceptibility and expression of the MadRS system. Thus, we provide a framework supporting a multilayered envelope defense mechanism for resistance and survival coupled to virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Miller
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - April Nguyen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
- McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kavindra V Singh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Samie Rizvi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ayesha Khan
- McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sam G Erickson
- McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stephanie L Egge
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Melissa Cruz
- McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - An Q Dinh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Lorena Diaz
- Genomics and Resistant Microbes Group, Facultad de Medicina Clinica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo and Millennium Initiative for Collaborative Research On Bacterial Resistance (MICROB-R), Santiago, Chile
| | - Rutan Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Libin Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Danielle A Garsin
- McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yousif Shamoo
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cesar A Arias
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
- Molecular Genetics and Antimicrobial Resistance Unit, Universidad El Bosque, Bogota, Colombia
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Quan J, Wang Y, Cheng X, Li C, Yuan Z. Revealing the effects of fermented food waste on the growth and intestinal microorganisms of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 171:580-589. [PMID: 37820415 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The escalating global food waste (FW) issues necessitate sustainable management strategies. Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) offer a promising solution for FW management by converting organic matter into insect protein. However, the fermentation of FW during production, collection, and transportation induces changes in FW's physicochemical properties and bacterial communities, requiring further exploration of its impact on BSFL growth and gut microbiota. The results showed that feeding FW fermented for different durations (0-10 d) slightly affected the BSFL yield. Feeding FW fermented for 8 d, characterized by a lower pH and higher biodiversity, resulted in a slight increase in larval biomass (222 mg/larvae). Nearly all groups harvested the peak larval biomass after 10 day's bioconversion. The fermentation significantly altered the microbial community of FW, with an increase in the abundance of unclassified_f_Clostridiaceae and a decrease in Lactobacillus abundance. As bioconversion progressed, intricate and mutualistic microbial interactions likely occurred between the BSFL gut and FW substrate, restructuring each other's microbial community. Specifically, the abundance of unclassified_f_Clostridiaceae increased in the BSFL gut, while its abundance in the initial larval gut was extremely low (<1 %). Despite the substrate microbial changes and interactions, a stable core gut microbiota was identified across all BSFL samples, primarily composed of nine genera dominated by Enterococcus and Klebsiella. This core gut microbiome may play a crucial role in facilitating the adaptation of BSFL to various environmental conditions and maintaining efficient FW bioconversion. These findings enhance our understanding of the role of BSFL gut microbiota in FW bioconversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chunxing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Lishui Institute of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 212200, China
| | - Zengwei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Lishui Institute of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 212200, China; Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Bzdil J, Sladecek V, Senk D, Stolar P, Waicova Z, Kollertova N, Zouharova M, Matiaskova K, Linhart P, Nedbalcova K. Enterococci Isolated from One-Day-Old Chickens and Their Phenotypic Susceptibility to Antimicrobials in the Czech Republic. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1487. [PMID: 37887187 PMCID: PMC10603836 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12101487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Our study describes the prevalence and spectrum of enterococci isolated from one-day-old chickens in the Czech Republic, their level of antimicrobial resistance, and the occurrence of multiresistance. Over a 24-month period from 1 August 2021 to 31 July 2023, a total of 464 mixed samples of one-day-old chicken organs were examined during routine inspections at 12 randomly selected poultry farms in the Czech Republic. The samples were processed via cultivation methods and suspected strains were confirmed using the MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry method. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined using the MIC method for eight antimicrobials. A total of 128 isolates (prevalence of 27.6%) representing 4 species of enterococci were isolated, including Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus gallinarum, and Enterococcus hirae, with prevalence rates of 23.3%, 1.5%, 2.2%, and 0.6%, respectively. Susceptibility tests showed a high percentage of susceptible strains among E. faecalis, E. faecium, and E. gallinarum for penicillin-based antibiotics, sulfamethoxazole with trimethoprim, and florfenicol (80-100% susceptible strains). E. hirae was an exception, displaying complete resistance to enrofloxacin (0% susceptible strains) and a high degree of resistance to other tested antimicrobials (33.3% susceptible strains). Among the isolated strains, a total of 16 isolates (12.5%) showed resistance to 3 or more antimicrobials. Complete resistance to all eight antimicrobials simultaneously was observed in four isolates (3.1%). This research shows the possible sources of pathogenic enterococci and their virulence and resistance genes. The findings hold relevance for both veterinary and human medicine, contributing to a better understanding of enterococcal circulation in the human ecosystem and food chain, as well as the development of their resistance and multiresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslav Bzdil
- Ptacy S.R.O., Valasska Bystrice 194, 756 27 Valašská Bystřice, Czech Republic; (J.B.); (V.S.); (D.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Vladimir Sladecek
- Ptacy S.R.O., Valasska Bystrice 194, 756 27 Valašská Bystřice, Czech Republic; (J.B.); (V.S.); (D.S.); (P.S.)
| | - David Senk
- Ptacy S.R.O., Valasska Bystrice 194, 756 27 Valašská Bystřice, Czech Republic; (J.B.); (V.S.); (D.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Petr Stolar
- Ptacy S.R.O., Valasska Bystrice 194, 756 27 Valašská Bystřice, Czech Republic; (J.B.); (V.S.); (D.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Zuzana Waicova
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, 17. Listopadu 1192, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (Z.W.); (N.K.)
| | - Nela Kollertova
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, 17. Listopadu 1192, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (Z.W.); (N.K.)
| | - Monika Zouharova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.Z.); (K.M.)
| | - Katarina Matiaskova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.Z.); (K.M.)
| | - Petr Linhart
- Institute of Animal Protection and Welfare and Public Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Sciences, Palackeho 1–3, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Katerina Nedbalcova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.Z.); (K.M.)
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19
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Shirvani F, Hassanzadeh R, Attaran B, Ghandchi G, Abdollahi N, Gholinejad Z, Sheikhi Z, Behzad A, Fallah F, Azimi L, Safarkhani A, Karimi A, Mahdavi A, Armin S, Ghanaiee RM, Tabatabaei SR, Fahimzad SA, Alebouyeh M. The intestinal carrier status of Enterococcus spp. in children: clonal diversity and alterations in resistance phenotypes before and after admission to a pediatric intensive care unit. BMC Pediatr 2023; 23:434. [PMID: 37648974 PMCID: PMC10466818 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-04238-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the intestinal carrier status of Enterococcus spp. among children in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and reveal the role of hospitalization in the alteration of resistance phenotypes and clonal diversity of the isolates during admission and discharge periods. METHODS Two separate stool samples were collected from hospitalized patients in the pediatric intensive care unit at admission and discharge times. The culture was done, and Enterococcus species were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility and carriage of vanA-D gene subtypes. Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR was used for a phylogenetic study to check the homology of pairs of isolates. RESULTS The results showed carriage of Enterococci at admission, discharge, and at both time points in 31%, 28.7%, and 40.1% of the cases, respectively. High frequencies of the fecal Enterococcus isolates with vancomycin-resistance (VR, 32.6% and 41.9%), high-level of gentamicin-resistance (HLGR, 25.6% and 27.9%), and multi-drug resistance phenotypes (MDR, 48.8% and 65.1%) were detected at admission and discharge times, respectively. Resistance to vancomycin, ampicillin, and rifampicin was higher among E. faecium, but resistance to ciprofloxacin was higher in E. faecalis isolates. The increased length of hospital stay was correlated with the carriage of resistant strains to vancomycin, ampicillin, and ciprofloxacin. While the homology of the isolates was low among different patients during hospitalization, identical (9%) and similar (21%) RAPD-PCR patterns were detected between pairs of isolates from each patient. CONCLUSIONS The high rate of intestinal carriage of VR, HLGR-, and MDR-Enterococci at admission and during hospitalization in the PICU, and the impact of increased length of hospital stay on the fecal carriage of the resistant strains show the importance of antibiotic stewardship programs to control their transmission and spread in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Shirvani
- Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Romina Hassanzadeh
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahareh Attaran
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghazale Ghandchi
- Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Abdollahi
- Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zari Gholinejad
- Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Sheikhi
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Mofid Children's Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azita Behzad
- Pediatric Intensive Care Department, Mofid Children's Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Fallah
- Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Azimi
- Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Safarkhani
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Mofid Children's Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdollah Karimi
- Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Mahdavi
- Anesthesiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahnaz Armin
- Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roxana Mansour Ghanaiee
- Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Rafiei Tabatabaei
- Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Alireza Fahimzad
- Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Alebouyeh
- Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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20
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Vikal S, Gautam YK, Kumar A, Kumar A, Singh J, Pratap D, Singh BP, Singh N. Bioinspired palladium-doped manganese oxide nanocorns: a remarkable antimicrobial agent targeting phyto/animal pathogens. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14039. [PMID: 37640751 PMCID: PMC10462759 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40822-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial pathogens are known for causing great environmental stress, owing to which emerging challenges like lack of eco-friendly remediation measures, development of drug-resistant and mutational microbial strains, etc., warrants novel and green routes as a stepping stone to serve such concerns sustainably. In the present study, palladium (Pd) doped manganese (II, III) oxide (Mn3O4) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized using an aqueous Syzygium aromaticum bud (ASAB) extract. Preliminary phytochemical analysis of ASAB extract indicates the presence of polyphenolics such as phenols, alkaloids, and flavonoids that can act as potential capping agents in NPs synthesis, which was later confirmed in FTIR analysis of pure and Pd-doped Mn3O4 NPs. XRD, Raman, and XPS analyses confirmed the Pd doping in Mn3O4 NPs. FESEM and HRTEM study reveals the mixed morphologies dominated by nanocorns appearance. Zeta potential investigation reveals high stability of the synthesized NPs in colloidal solutions. The developed Pd-doped Mn3O4 NPs were tested against two fungal phytopathogens, i.e., Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, known for causing great economic losses in yield and quality of different plant species. The antifungal activity of synthesized Pd-doped Mn3O4 NPs displayed a dose-dependent response with a maximum of ~92%, and ~72% inhibition was recorded against S. sclerotiorum and C. gloeosporioides, respectively, at 1000 ppm concentration. However, C. gloeosporioides demonstrated higher sensitivity to Pd-doped Mn3O4 NPs upto 500 ppm) treatment than S. sclerotiorum. The prepared NPs also showed significant antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis. The Pd-doped Mn3O4 NPs were effective even at low treatment doses, i.e., 50-100 ppm, with the highest Zone of inhibition obtained at 1000 ppm concentration. Our findings provide a novel, eco-benign, and cost-effective approach for formulating a nanomaterial composition offering multifaceted utilities as an effective antimicrobial agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar Vikal
- Smart Materials and Sensors Laboratory, Department of Physics, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, 250004, India
| | - Yogendra K Gautam
- Smart Materials and Sensors Laboratory, Department of Physics, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, 250004, India.
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- Nanoscience Laboratory, Institute Instrumentation Centre, IIT Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, India.
- Department of Physics, Graphic Era (Deemed to Be University), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248002, India.
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Mewar Institute of Management, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201012, India.
| | - Jyoti Singh
- Plant Molecular Virology Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, 250004, India
| | - Dharmendra Pratap
- Plant Molecular Virology Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, 250004, India
| | - Beer Pal Singh
- Smart Materials and Sensors Laboratory, Department of Physics, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, 250004, India
| | - Neetu Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Mewar Institute of Management, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201012, India
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21
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Ene A, Banerjee S, Wolfe AJ, Putonti C. Exploring the genotypic and phenotypic differences distinguishing Lactobacillus jensenii and Lactobacillus mulieris. mSphere 2023; 8:e0056222. [PMID: 37366621 PMCID: PMC10449518 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00562-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus crispatus, Lactobacillus gasseri, Lactobacillus iners, and Lactobacillus jensenii are dominant species of the urogenital microbiota. Prior studies suggest that these Lactobacillus species play a significant role in the urobiome of healthy females. In our prior genomic analysis of all publicly available L. jensenii and Lactobacillus mulieris genomes at the time (n = 43), we identified genes unique to these two closely related species. This motivated our further exploration here into their genotypic differences as well as into their phenotypic differences. First, we expanded genome sequence representatives of both species to 61 strains, including publicly available strains and nine new strains sequenced here. Genomic analyses conducted include phylogenetics of the core genome as well as biosynthetic gene cluster analysis and metabolic pathway analyses. Urinary strains of both species were assayed for their ability to utilize four simple carbohydrates. We found that L. jensenii strains can efficiently catabolize maltose, trehalose, and glucose, but not ribose, and L. mulieris strains can utilize maltose and glucose, but not trehalose and ribose. Metabolic pathway analysis clearly shows the lack of treB within L. mulieris strains, indicative of its inability to catabolize external sources of trehalose. While genotypic and phenotypic observations provide insight into the differences between these two species, we did not find any association with urinary symptom status. Through this genomic and phenotypic investigation, we identify markers that can be leveraged to clearly distinguish these two species in investigations of the female urogenital microbiota. IMPORTANCE We have expanded upon our prior genomic analysis of L. jensenii and L. mulieris strains, including nine new genome sequences. Our bioinformatic analysis finds that L. jensenii and L. mulieris cannot be distinguished by short-read 16S rRNA gene sequencing alone. Thus, to discriminate between these two species, future studies of the female urogenital microbiome should employ metagenomic sequencing and/or sequence species-specific genes, such as those identified here. Our bioinformatic examination also confirmed our prior observations of differences between the two species related to genes associated with carbohydrate utilization, which we tested here. We found that the transport and utilization of trehalose are key distinguishing traits of L. jensenii, which is further supported by our metabolic pathway analysis. In contrast with other urinary Lactobacillus species, we did not find strong evidence for either species, nor particular genotypes, to be associated with lower urinary tract symptoms (or the lack thereof).
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Ene
- Bioinformatics Program, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Swarnali Banerjee
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Alan J. Wolfe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Catherine Putonti
- Bioinformatics Program, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, USA
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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22
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Smout E, Palanisamy N, Valappil SP. Prevalence of vancomycin-resistant Enterococci in India between 2000 and 2022: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2023; 12:79. [PMID: 37605268 PMCID: PMC10441759 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-023-01287-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE) infections are recurrently reported in different parts of India in the last two decades. However, an up-to-date, countrywide information concerning the prevalence and the rate of VRE in India is limited and hence this study aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of VRE in India. METHODS A literature search was performed using various databases. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed throughout. Cross-sectional studies reporting the prevalence of VRE in India from human samples whereby at least two Enterococci were isolated between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2022 were sought for inclusion. Data were extracted and analysed using Microsoft Excel and Comprehensive Meta-analysis version 4, respectively. RESULTS Nineteen studies were included in the analyses. A collective total of 3683 Enterococci isolates were examined, of which 368 were VRE strains. The pooled prevalence of VRE in India was calculated at 12.4% (95% CI: 8.6-17.5; Q = 189.69; I2 = 90.51%; p = < 0.001). E. faecalis was the most frequently isolated species (1450 [39.37%]) followed by E. faecium (724 [19.66%]). Amongst the VRE strains, E. faecium was the most prevalent (214 [58.15%]) followed by E. faecalis (134 [36.41%]). An upsurge in the rate of VRE infections was observed in India over time: VRE prevalence was estimated at 4.8% between 2000 and 2010 and 14.1% between 2011 and 2020. CONCLUSION This study presents the most up-to-date information on the rate of VRE infections in India. Though lower than the findings for some less developed countries, VRE prevalence in India is notable and on the rise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Smout
- Chester Medical School, University of Chester, Bache Hall, Countess View, Chester, CH2 1BR, UK
| | - Navaneethan Palanisamy
- Chester Medical School, University of Chester, Bache Hall, Countess View, Chester, CH2 1BR, UK.
| | - Sabeel P Valappil
- Chester Medical School, University of Chester, Bache Hall, Countess View, Chester, CH2 1BR, UK.
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23
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Song H, Lee J, Yi S, Kim WH, Kim Y, Namgoong B, Choe A, Cho G, Shin J, Park Y, Kim MS, Cho S. Red Ginseng Dietary Fiber Shows Prebiotic Potential by Modulating Gut Microbiota in Dogs. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0094923. [PMID: 37367492 PMCID: PMC10433987 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00949-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Red ginseng, widely used in traditional medicine for various conditions, imparts health benefits mainly by modulating the gut microbiota in humans. Given the similarities in gut microbiota between humans and dogs, red ginseng-derived dietary fiber may have prebiotic potential in dogs; however, its effects on the gut microbiota in dogs remain elusive. This double-blinded, longitudinal study investigated the impact of red ginseng dietary fiber on the gut microbiota and host response in dogs. A total of 40 healthy household dogs were randomly assigned to low-dose (n = 12), high-dose (n = 16), or control (n = 12) groups and fed a normal diet supplemented with red ginseng dietary fiber (3 g/5 kg body weight per day, 8 g/5 kg per day, or no supplement, respectively) for 8 weeks. The gut microbiota of the dogs was analyzed at 4 weeks and 8 weeks using 16S rRNA gene sequencing of fecal samples. Alpha diversity was significantly increased at 8 and 4 weeks in the low-dose and high-dose groups, respectively. Moreover, biomarker analysis showed that short-chain fatty acid producers such as Sarcina and Proteiniclasticum were significantly enriched, while potential pathogens such as Helicobacter were significantly decreased, indicating the increased gut health and pathogen resistance by red ginseng dietary fiber. Microbial network analysis showed that the complexity of microbial interactions was increased by both doses, indicating the increased stability of the gut microbiota. These findings suggest that red ginseng-derived dietary fiber could be used as a prebiotic to modulate gut microbiota and improve gut health in dogs. IMPORTANCE The canine gut microbiota is an attractive model for translational studies, as it responds to dietary interventions similarly to those in humans. Investigating the gut microbiota of household dogs that share the environment with humans can produce highly generalizable and reproducible results owing to their representativeness of the general canine population. This double-blind and longitudinal study investigated the impact of dietary fiber derived from red ginseng on the gut microbiota of household dogs. Red ginseng dietary fiber altered the canine gut microbiota by increasing diversity, enriching short-chain fatty acid-producing microbes, decreasing potential pathogens, and increasing the complexity of microbial interactions. These findings indicate that red ginseng-derived dietary fiber may promote canine gut health by modulating gut microbiota, suggesting the possibility of its use as a potential prebiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyokeun Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Junbum Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Saehah Yi
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Woo-Hyun Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yuna Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Beomkwan Namgoong
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ahreum Choe
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Gunhee Cho
- Korea Ginseng Corporation, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jangmi Shin
- Korea Ginseng Corporation, Daejeon, South Korea
| | | | - Min Su Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Center for Veterinary Integrated Medicine Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seongbeom Cho
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Center for Veterinary Integrated Medicine Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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24
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Pongchaikul P, Romero R, Mongkolsuk P, Vivithanaporn P, Wongsurawat T, Jenjaroenpun P, Nitayanon P, Thaipisuttikul I, Kamlungkuea T, Singsaneh A, Santanirand P, Chaemsaithong P. Genomic analysis of Enterococcus faecium strain RAOG174 associated with acute chorioamnionitis carried antibiotic resistance gene: is it time for precise microbiological identification for appropriate antibiotic use? BMC Genomics 2023; 24:405. [PMID: 37468842 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09511-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preterm labor syndrome is associated with high perinatal morbidity and mortality, and intra-amniotic infection is a cause of preterm labor. The standard identification of causative microorganisms is based on the use of biochemical phenotypes, together with broth dilution-based antibiotic susceptibility from organisms grown in culture. However, such methods could not provide an accurate epidemiological aspect and a genetic basis of antimicrobial resistance leading to an inappropriate antibiotic administration. Hybrid genome assembly is a combination of short- and long-read sequencing, which provides better genomic resolution and completeness for genotypic identification and characterization. Herein, we performed a hybrid whole genome assembly sequencing of a pathogen associated with acute histologic chorioamnionitis in women presenting with PPROM. RESULTS We identified Enterococcus faecium, namely E. faecium strain RAOG174, with several antibiotic resistance genes, including vancomycin and aminoglycoside. Virulence-associated genes and potential bacteriophage were also identified in this genome. CONCLUSION We report herein the first study demonstrating the use of hybrid genome assembly and genomic analysis to identify E. faecium ST17 as a pathogen associated with acute histologic chorioamnionitis. The analysis provided several antibiotic resistance-associated genes/mutations and mobile genetic elements. The occurrence of E. faecium ST17 raised the awareness of the colonization of clinically relevant E. faecium and the carrying of antibiotic resistance. This finding has brought the advantages of genomic approach in the identification of the bacterial species and antibiotic resistance gene for E. faecium for appropriate antibiotic use to improve maternal and neonatal care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pisut Pongchaikul
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital Mahidol University, Samut Prakan, Thailand
- Integrative Computational BioScience Center, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Roberto Romero
- Pregnancy Research Branch (formerly The Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, in Detroit, Michigan, USA, has been renamed as the Pregnancy Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Paninee Mongkolsuk
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital Mahidol University, Samut Prakan, Thailand
| | - Pornpun Vivithanaporn
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital Mahidol University, Samut Prakan, Thailand
| | - Thidathip Wongsurawat
- Division of Medical Bioinformatics, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Piroon Jenjaroenpun
- Division of Medical Bioinformatics, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Perapon Nitayanon
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Iyarit Thaipisuttikul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Threebhorn Kamlungkuea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Arunee Singsaneh
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pitak Santanirand
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Piya Chaemsaithong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Schwartzman JA, Lebreton F, Salamzade R, Martin MJ, Schaufler K, Urhan A, Abeel T, Camargo IL, Sgardioli BF, Prichula J, Frazzon APG, Van Tyne D, Treinish G, Innis CJ, Wagenaar JA, Whipple RM, Manson AL, Earl AM, Gilmore MS. Global diversity of enterococci and description of 18 novel species. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.18.540996. [PMID: 37293047 PMCID: PMC10245769 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.18.540996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Enterococci are commensal gut microbes of most land animals. They diversified over hundreds of millions of years adapting to evolving hosts and host diets. Of over 60 known enterococcal species, Enterococcus faecalis and E. faecium uniquely emerged in the antibiotic era among leading causes of multidrug resistant hospital-associated infection. The basis for the association of particular enterococcal species with a host is largely unknown. To begin deciphering enterococcal species traits that drive host association, and to assess the pool of Enterococcus-adapted genes from which known facile gene exchangers such as E. faecalis and E. faecium may draw, we collected 886 enterococcal strains from nearly 1,000 specimens representing widely diverse hosts, ecologies and geographies. This provided data on the global occurrence and host associations of known species, identifying 18 new species in the process expanding genus diversity by >25%. The novel species harbor diverse genes associated with toxins, detoxification, and resource acquisition. E. faecalis and E. faecium were isolated from a wide diversity of hosts highlighting their generalist properties, whereas most other species exhibited more restricted distributions indicative of specialized host associations. The expanded species diversity permitted the Enterococcus genus phylogeny to be viewed with unprecedented resolution, allowing features to be identified that distinguish its four deeply rooted clades as well as genes associated with range expansion, such as B-vitamin biosynthesis and flagellar motility. Collectively, this work provides an unprecedentedly broad and deep view of the genus Enterococcus, potential threats to human health, and new insights into its evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia A. Schwartzman
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Microbiology, Mass Eye and Ear, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,USA
- Department of Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Francois Lebreton
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Microbiology, Mass Eye and Ear, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,USA
- Multidrug-Resistant Organism Repository and Surveillance Network, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Rauf Salamzade
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Melissa J. Martin
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Microbiology, Mass Eye and Ear, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,USA
- Multidrug-Resistant Organism Repository and Surveillance Network, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Katharina Schaufler
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Microbiology, Mass Eye and Ear, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,USA
- University of Greifswald, Institute of Pharmacy, Greifswald, Germany
- Kiel University and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Institute of Infection Medicine, Kiel, Germany
| | - Aysun Urhan
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Delft Bioinformatics Lab, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Abeel
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Delft Bioinformatics Lab, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Ilana L.B.C Camargo
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia e Microbiologia Moleculares (LEMiMo), Departamento de Física e Ciências Interdisciplinares, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruna F. Sgardioli
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia e Microbiologia Moleculares (LEMiMo), Departamento de Física e Ciências Interdisciplinares, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Janira Prichula
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Microbiology, Mass Eye and Ear, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,USA
- Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Guedes Frazzon
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Microbiology, Mass Eye and Ear, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Daria Van Tyne
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Microbiology, Mass Eye and Ear, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburg, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Jaap A. Wagenaar
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ryan M. Whipple
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Microbiology, Mass Eye and Ear, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,USA
| | - Abigail L. Manson
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ashlee M. Earl
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Michael S. Gilmore
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Microbiology, Mass Eye and Ear, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,USA
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Fitzgerald BA, Wadud A, Slimak Z, Slonczewski JL. Enterococcus faecalis OG1RF Evolution at Low pH Selects Fusidate-Sensitive Mutants in Elongation Factor G and at High pH Selects Defects in Phosphate Transport. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0046623. [PMID: 37272807 PMCID: PMC10304957 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00466-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus bacteria inhabit human and soil environments that show a wide range of pH values. Strains include commensals as well as antibiotic-resistant pathogens. We investigated the adaptation to pH stress in E. faecalis OG1RF by conducting experimental evolution under acidic (pH 4.8), neutral pH (pH 7.0), and basic (pH 9.0) conditions. A serial planktonic culture was performed for 500 generations and in a high-pH biofilm culture for 4 serial bead transfers. Nearly all of the mutations led to nonsynonomous codons, indicating adaptive selection. All of the acid-adapted clones from the planktonic culture showed a mutation in fusA (encoding elongation factor G). The acid-adapted fusA mutants had a trade-off of decreased resistance to fusidic acid (fusidate). All of the base-adapted clones from the planktonic cultures as well as some from the biofilm-adapted cultures showed mutations that affected the Pst phosphate ABC transporter (pstA, pstB, pstB2, pstC) and pyrR (pyrimidine biosynthesis regulator/uracil phosphoribosyltransferase). The biofilm cultures produced small-size colonies on brain heart infusion agar. These variants each contained a single mutation in pstB2, pstC, or pyrR. The pst and pyrR mutants outgrew the ancestral strain at pH 9.2, with a trade-off of lower growth at pH 4.8. Additional genes that had a mutation in multiple clones that evolved at high pH (but not at low pH) include opp1BCDF (oligopeptide ABC transporter), ccpA (catabolite control protein A), and ftsZ (septation protein). Overall, the experimental evolution of E. faecalis showed a strong pH dependence, favoring the fusidate-sensitive elongation factor G modification at low pH and the loss of phosphate transport genes at high pH. IMPORTANCE E. faecalis bacteria are found in dental biofilms, where they experience low pH as a result of fermentative metabolism. Thus, the effect of pH on antibiotic resistance has clinical importance. The loss of fusidate resistance is notable for OG1RF strains in which fusidate resistance is assumed to be a stable genetic marker. In endodontal infections, enterococci can resist calcium hydroxide therapy that generates extremely high pH values. In other environments, such as the soil and plant rhizosphere, enterococci experience acidification that is associated with climate change. Thus, the pH modulation of natural selection in enterococci is important for human health as well as for understanding soil environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ayman Wadud
- Department of Biology, Kenyon College, Gambier, Ohio, USA
| | - Zachary Slimak
- Department of Biology, Kenyon College, Gambier, Ohio, USA
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Udaondo Z, Abram K, Kothari A, Jun SR. Top-Down Genomic Surveillance Approach To Investigate the Genomic Epidemiology and Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Enterococcus faecium Detected in Cancer Patients in Arkansas. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0490122. [PMID: 36995227 PMCID: PMC10269635 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04901-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Control of hospital-associated Enterococcus faecium infection is a strenuous task due to the difficulty of identifying transmission routes and the persistence of this nosocomial pathogen despite the implementation of infection control measures that have been successful with other important nosocomial pathogens. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of over 100 E. faecium isolates collected from 66 cancer patients at the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS) between June 2018 and May 2019. In the top-down approach used in this study, we employed, in addition to the 106 E. faecium UAMS isolates, a filtered set of 2,167 E. faecium strains from the GenBank database to assess the current population structure of E. faecium species and, consequently, to identify the lineages associated with our clinical isolates. We then evaluated the antibiotic resistance and virulence profiles of hospital-associated strains from the species pool, focusing on antibiotics of last resort, to establish an updated classification of high-risk and multidrug-resistant nosocomial clones. Further investigation of the clinical isolates collected from UAMS patients using whole-genome sequencing analytical methodologies (core genome multilocus sequence typing [cgMLST], core single nucleotide polymorphism [coreSNP] analysis, and phylogenomics), with the addition of patient epidemiological data, revealed a polyclonal outbreak of three sequence types occurring simultaneously in different patient wards. The integration of genomic and epidemiological data collected from the patients increased our understanding of the relationships and transmission dynamics of the E. faecium isolates. Our study provides new insights into genomic surveillance of E. faecium to assist in monitoring and further limiting the spread of multidrug-resistant E. faecium. IMPORTANCE Enterococcus faecium is a member of the gastrointestinal microbiota. Although its virulence is low in healthy, immunocompetent individuals, E. faecium has become the third leading cause of health care-associated infections in the United States. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of over 100 E. faecium isolates collected from cancer patients at the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS). We employed a top-down analytical approach (from population genomics to molecular biology) to classify our clinical isolates into their genetic lineages and thoroughly evaluate their antibiotic resistance and virulence profiles. The addition of patient epidemiological data to the whole-genome sequencing analytical methodologies performed in the study allowed us to increase our understanding of the relationships and transmission dynamics of the E. faecium isolates. This study provides new insights into genomic surveillance of E. faecium to help monitor and further limit the spread of multidrug-resistant E. faecium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulema Udaondo
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Kaleb Abram
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Atul Kothari
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Se-Ran Jun
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
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Ribeiro J, Silva V, Monteiro A, Vieira-Pinto M, Igrejas G, Reis FS, Barros L, Poeta P. Antibiotic Resistance among Gastrointestinal Bacteria in Broilers: A Review Focused on Enterococcus spp. and Escherichia coli. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1362. [PMID: 37106925 PMCID: PMC10135345 DOI: 10.3390/ani13081362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chickens can acquire bacteria at different stages, and bacterial diversity can occur due to production practices, diet, and environment. The changes in consumer trends have led to increased animal production, and chicken meat is one of the most consumed meats. To ensure high levels of production, antimicrobials have been used in livestock for therapeutic purposes, disease prevention, and growth promotion, contributing to the development of antimicrobial resistance across the resident microbiota. Enterococcus spp. and Escherichia coli are normal inhabitants of the gastrointestinal microbiota of chickens that can develop strains capable of causing a wide range of diseases, i.e., opportunistic pathogens. Enterococcus spp. isolated from broilers have shown resistance to at least seven classes of antibiotics, while E. coli have shown resistance to at least four. Furthermore, some clonal lineages, such as ST16, ST194, and ST195 in Enterococcus spp. and ST117 in E. coli, have been identified in humans and animals. These data suggest that consuming contaminated animal-source food, direct contact with animals, or environmental exposure can lead to the transmission of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. Therefore, this review focused on Enterococcus spp. and E. coli from the broiler industry to better understand how antibiotic-resistant strains have emerged, which antibiotic-resistant genes are most common, what clonal lineages are shared between broilers and humans, and their impact through a One Health perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Ribeiro
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), University NOVA of Lisbon, 2829-516 Lisbon, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Vanessa Silva
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), University NOVA of Lisbon, 2829-516 Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Andreia Monteiro
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Madalena Vieira-Pinto
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Gilberto Igrejas
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), University NOVA of Lisbon, 2829-516 Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Filipa S. Reis
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Lillian Barros
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Poeta
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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Grudlewska-Buda K, Skowron K, Bauza-Kaszewska J, Budzyńska A, Wiktorczyk-Kapischke N, Wilk M, Wujak M, Paluszak Z. Assessment of antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation of Enterococcus species isolated from different pig farm environments in Poland. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:89. [PMID: 36997857 PMCID: PMC10061711 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02834-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enteroccocus spp. are human opportunistic pathogens causing a variety of serious and life-threating infections in humans, including urinary tract infection, endocarditis, skin infection and bacteraemia. Farm animals and direct contact with them are important sources of Enterococcus faecalis (EFA) and Enterococcus faecium (EFM) infections among farmers, veterinarians and individuals working in breeding farms and abattoirs. The spread of antibiotic-resistant strains is one of the most serious public health concerns, as clinicians will be left without therapeutic options for the management of enterococcal infections. The aim of the study was to evaluate the occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility of EFA and EFM strains isolated from a pig farm environment and to determine the biofilm formation ability of identified Enterococcus spp. strains. RESULTS A total numer of 160 enterococcal isolates were obtained from 475 samples collected in total (33.7%). Among them, 110 of genetically different strains were identified and classified into EFA (82; 74.5%) and EFM (28; 25.5%). Genetic similarity analysis revealed the presence of 7 and 1 clusters among the EFA and EFM strains, respectively. The highest percentage of EFA strains (16; 19.5%) was resistant to high concentrations of gentamicin. Among the EFM strains, the most frequent strains were resistant to ampicillin and high concentrations of gentamicin (5 each; 17.9%). Six (7.3%) EFA and 4 (14.3%) EFM strains showed vancomycin resistance (VRE - Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus). Linezolid resistance was found in 2 strains of each species. The multiplex PCR analysis was performed to identify the vancomycin resistant enterococci. vanB, vanA and vanD genotypes were detected in 4, 1 and 1 EFA strains, respectively. Four EFA VRE-strains in total, 2 with the vanA and 2 with the vanB genotypes, were identified. The biofilm analysis revealed that all vancomycin-resistant E. faecalis and E. faecium strains demonstrated a higher biofilm-forming capacity, as compared to the susceptible strains. The lowest cell count (5.31 log CFU / cm2) was reisolated from the biofilm produced by the vancomycin-sensitive strain EFM 2. The highest level of re-isolated cells was observed for VRE EFA 25 and VRE EFM 7 strains, for which the number was 7 log CFU / cm2 and 6.75 log CFU / cm2, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The irrational use of antibiotics in agriculture and veterinary practice is considered to be one of the key reasons for the rapid spread of antibiotic resistance among microorganisms. Owing to the fact that piggery environment can be a reservoir of antimicrobial resistance and transmission route of antimicrobial resistance genes from commensal zoonotic bacteria to clinical strains, it is of a great importance to public health to monitor trends in this biological phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Grudlewska-Buda
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Skowron
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland.
| | - Justyna Bauza-Kaszewska
- Department of Microbiology and Food Technology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Anna Budzyńska
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
| | - Natalia Wiktorczyk-Kapischke
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
| | - Monika Wilk
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
| | - Magdalena Wujak
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Paluszak
- Department of Microbiology and Food Technology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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30
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Bloodworth JC, Hoji A, Wolff G, Mandal RK, Schmidt NW, Deshane JS, Morrow CD, Kloepfer KM, Cook-Mills JM. Dysbiotic lung microbial communities of neonates from allergic mothers confer neonate responsiveness to suboptimal allergen. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2023; 4:1135412. [PMID: 36970065 PMCID: PMC10036811 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2023.1135412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In humans and animals, offspring of allergic mothers have increased responsiveness to allergens. This is blocked in mice by maternal supplementation with α-tocopherol (αT). Also, adults and children with allergic asthma have airway microbiome dysbiosis with increased Proteobacteria and may have decreased Bacteroidota. It is not known whether αT alters neonate development of lung microbiome dysbiosis or whether neonate lung dysbiosis modifies development of allergy. To address this, the bronchoalveolar lavage was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene analysis (bacterial microbiome) from pups of allergic and non-allergic mothers with a basal diet or αT-supplemented diet. Before and after allergen challenge, pups of allergic mothers had dysbiosis in lung microbial composition with increased Proteobacteria and decreased Bacteroidota and this was blocked by αT supplementation. We determined whether intratracheal transfer of pup lung dysbiotic microbial communities modifies the development of allergy in recipient pups early in life. Interestingly, transfer of dysbiotic lung microbial communities from neonates of allergic mothers to neonates of non-allergic mothers was sufficient to confer responsiveness to allergen in the recipient pups. In contrast, neonates of allergic mothers were not protected from development of allergy by transfer of donor lung microbial communities from either neonates of non-allergic mothers or neonates of αT-supplemented allergic mothers. These data suggest that the dysbiotic lung microbiota is dominant and sufficient for enhanced neonate responsiveness to allergen. Importantly, infants within the INHANCE cohort with an anti-inflammatory profile of tocopherol isoforms had an altered microbiome composition compared to infants with a pro-inflammatory profile of tocopherol isoforms. These data may inform design of future studies for approaches in the prevention or intervention in asthma and allergic disease early in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffery C. Bloodworth
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Aki Hoji
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Garen Wolff
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Rabindra K. Mandal
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Nathan W. Schmidt
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Jessy S. Deshane
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Casey D. Morrow
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Kirsten M. Kloepfer
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Joan M. Cook-Mills
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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31
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Microbiota Phenotype Promotes Anastomotic Leakage in a Model of Rats with Ischemic Colon Resection. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11030680. [PMID: 36985253 PMCID: PMC10054737 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11030680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Anastomotic leakage (AL) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality after colorectal surgery, but the mechanism behind this complication is still not fully understood. Despite the advances in surgical techniques and perioperative care, the complication rates have remained steady. Recently, it has been suggested that colon microbiota may be involved in the development of complications after colorectal surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of gut microbiota in the development of colorectal AL and their possible virulence strategies to better understand the phenomenon. Using 16S rRNA sequencing of samples collected on the day of surgery and the sixth day following surgery, we analyzed the changes in tissue-associated microbiota at anastomotic sites created in a model of rats with ischemic colon resection. We discovered a trend for lower microbial diversity in the AL group compared to non-leak anastomosis (NLA). There were no differences in relative abundance in the different types of microbial respiration between these groups and the high abundance of the facultative anaerobic Gemella palaticanis is a marker species that stands out as a distinctive feature.
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Ali Z, Dishisha T, El-Gendy AO, Azmy AF. Isolation and phenotypic characterization of bacteriophage SA14 with lytic- and anti-biofilm activity against multidrug-resistant Enterococcus faecalis. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1186/s43088-023-00362-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Antimicrobial resistance is a growing global health concern demanding more attention and action at the international-, national- and regional levels. In the present study, bacteriophage was sought as a potential alternative to traditional antibiotics.
Results
Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis was isolated from a urine sample. Partial 16S rRNA-gene sequencing and VITEK®2 system were employed for its identification, biochemical characterization, and antibiotic susceptibility testing. The isolate was resistant to eight antibiotics (out of 11): vancomycin, gentamicin (high-level synergy), streptomycin (high-level synergy), ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, erythromycin, quinupristin/dalfopristin, and tetracycline. Bacteriophage SA14 was isolated from sewage water using the multidrug-resistant isolate as a host. Transmission electron micrographs revealed that phage SA14 is a member of the Siphoviridae family displaying the typical circular head and long non-contractile tail. The phage showed characteristic stability to a wide range of solution pH and temperatures, with optimal stability at pH 7.4 and 4 °C, while showing high specificity toward their host. Based on the one-step growth curve, the phage's latent period was 25 min, and the burst size was 20 PFU/ml. The lytic activity of phage SA14 was evaluated at various multiplicities of infection (MOI), all considerably suppressed the growth of the host organism. Moreover, phage SA14 displayed a characteristic anti-biofilm activity as observed by the reduction in adhered biomass and -viable cells in the pre-formed biofilm by 19.1-fold and 2.5-fold, respectively.
Conclusion
Phage therapy can be a valuable alternative to antibiotics against multi-drug resistant microorganisms.
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Cardeiro M, Ardeljan AD, Frankel L, Kim E, Takabe K, Rashid OM. Incidence of Breast Cancer and Enterococcus Infection: A Retrospective Analysis. World J Oncol 2023; 14:32-39. [PMID: 36895996 PMCID: PMC9990735 DOI: 10.14740/wjon1551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Enterococci role in the microbiome remains controversial, and researches regarding enterococcal infection (EI) and its sequelae are limited. The gut microbiome has shown to play an important role in immunology and cancer. Recent data have suggested a relationship between the gut microbiome and breast cancer (BC). Methods Patients in a Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) compliant national database (2010 - 2020) were used for this retrospective study. International Classification of Disease (ICD) Ninth and Tenth Codes, Current Procedural Terminology (CPT), and National Drug Codes were used to identify BC diagnosis and EI. Patients were matched for age, sex, Charlson comorbidity index (CCI), antibiotic treatment, obesity, and region of residence. Statistical analyses were implemented to assess significance and estimate odds ratio (OR). Results EI was associated with a decreased incidence of BC (OR = 0.60, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.57 - 0.63) and the difference was statistically significant (P < 2.2 × 10-16). Treatment for EI was controlled for in both EI and noninfected populations. Patients with a prior EI and treated with antibiotics were compared to patients with no history of EI and received antibiotics. Both populations subsequently developed BC. Results remained statistically significant (P < 2.2 × 10-16) with an OR of 0.57 (95% CI: 0.54 - 0.60). In addition to standard matching protocol, obesity was controlled for in both groups by exclusively containing obese patients, but one group with prior EI and the other without. In obese patients, a lower incidence of BC was shown in the infected group compared to the noninfected group. Results were statistically significant (P < 2.2 × 10-16) with an OR of 0.56 (95% CI: 0.53 - 0.58). Age of BC diagnosis with and without a prior EI was analyzed and demonstrated increased BC incidence with increasing age in both groups, but less in the EI group. Incidence of BC based on region was analyzed, which showed lower BC incidence across all regions in the EI group. Conclusion This study shows a statistically significant correlation between EI and decreased incidence of BC. Further exploration is needed to identify and understand not only the role of enterococcus in the microbiome, but also the protective mechanism(s) and impact of EI on BC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Cardeiro
- Nova Southeastern University, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Amalia D. Ardeljan
- Nova Southeastern University, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
- Michael and Dianne Bienes Comprehensive Cancer Center, Holy Cross Health, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Lexi Frankel
- Nova Southeastern University, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Enoch Kim
- Nova Southeastern University, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Kazuaki Takabe
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Surgery, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, the State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Omar M. Rashid
- Nova Southeastern University, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
- Michael and Dianne Bienes Comprehensive Cancer Center, Holy Cross Health, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
- University of Miami, Leonard Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broward Health, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
- TopLine MD Alliance, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
- Memorial Health, Pembroke Pines, FL, USA
- Delray Medical Center, Delray, FL, USA
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Munley JA, Kelly LS, Pons EE, Kannan KB, Coldwell PS, Whitley EM, Gillies GS, Efron PA, Nagpal R, Mohr AM. Multicompartmental traumatic injury and the microbiome: Shift to a pathobiome. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2023; 94:15-22. [PMID: 36203239 PMCID: PMC9805505 DOI: 10.1097/ta.0000000000003803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous animal models have demonstrated altered gut microbiome after mild traumatic injury; however, the impact of injury severity and critical illness is unknown. We hypothesized that a rodent model of severe multicompartmental injuries and chronic stress would demonstrate microbiome alterations toward a "pathobiome" characterized by an overabundance of pathogenic organisms, which would persist 1 week after injury. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 8 per group) were subjected to either multiple injuries (PT) (lung contusion, hemorrhagic shock, cecectomy, and bifemoral pseudofractures), PT plus daily chronic restraint stress for 2 hours (PT/CS), or naive controls. Fecal microbiome was measured on days 0, 3, and 7 using high-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing and Quantitative Insights Into Microbial Ecology 2 bioinformatics analysis. Microbial α diversity was assessed using Chao1 and Shannon indices, and β diversity with principle coordinate analysis. Intestinal permeability was evaluated by plasma occludin; ileum and descending colon tissues were reviewed for injury. Analyses were performed in GraphPad (GraphPad Software, La Jolla, CA) and R (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria), with significance defined as p < 0.05. RESULTS There were significant alterations in β diversity at day 3 and between all groups. By day 3, both PT and PT/CS demonstrated significantly depleted bacterial diversity (Chao1) ( p = 0.01 and p = 0.001, respectively) versus naive, which persisted up to day 7 in PT/CS only ( p = 0.001). Anaerostipes and Rothia dominated PT and Lactobacillus bloomed in PT/CS cohorts by day 7. Plasma occludin was significantly elevated in PT/CS compared with naive ( p = 0.04), and descending colon of both PT and PT/CS showed significantly higher injury compared with naive ( p = 0.005, p = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS Multiple injuries with and without chronic stress induces significant alterations in microbiome diversity and composition within 3 days; these changes are more prominent and persist for 1 week postinjury with stress. This rapid and persistent transition to a "pathobiome" phenotype represents a critical phenomenon that may influence outcomes after severe trauma and critical illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A. Munley
- Department of Surgery and Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Lauren S. Kelly
- Department of Surgery and Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Erick E. Pons
- Department of Surgery and Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Kolenkode B. Kannan
- Department of Surgery and Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Preston S. Coldwell
- Department of Surgery and Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | | | - Gwendolyn S. Gillies
- Department of Surgery and Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Philip A. Efron
- Department of Surgery and Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Ravinder Nagpal
- Department of Nutrition & Integrative Physiology, Florida State University College of Health and Human Sciences, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Alicia M. Mohr
- Department of Surgery and Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
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Strong KM, Marasco KL, Invik J, Ganshorn H, Reid-Smith RJ, Waldner CL, Otto SJG, Kastelic JP, Checkley SL. Factors associated with antimicrobial resistant enterococci in Canadian beef cattle: A scoping review. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1155772. [PMID: 37152689 PMCID: PMC10157153 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1155772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health concern, occurring when bacteria evolve to render antimicrobials no longer effective. Antimicrobials have important roles in beef production; however, the potential to introduce AMR to people through beef products is a concern. This scoping review identifies factors associated with changes in the prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant Enterococcus spp. applicable to the Canadian farm-to-fork beef continuum. Methods Five databases (MEDLINE, BIOSIS, Web of Science, Embase, and CAB Abstracts) were searched for articles published from January 1984 to March 2022, using a priori inclusion criteria. Peer-reviewed articles were included if they met all the following criteria: written in English, applicable to the Canadian beef production context, primary research, in vivo research, describing an intervention or exposure, and specific to Enterococcus spp. Results Out of 804 screened articles, 26 were selected for inclusion. The included articles discussed 37 factors potentially associated with AMR in enterococci, with multiple articles discussing at least two of the same factors. Factors discussed included antimicrobial administration (n = 16), raised without antimicrobials (n = 6), metal supplementation (n = 4), probiotics supplementation (n = 3), pen environment (n = 2), essential oil supplementation (n = 1), grass feeding (n = 1), therapeutic versus subtherapeutic antimicrobial use (n = 1), feeding wet distiller grains with solubles (n = 1), nutritional supplementation (n = 1) and processing plant type (n = 1). Results were included irrespective of their quality of evidence. Discussion Comparability issues arising throughout the review process were related to data aggregation, hierarchical structures, study design, and inconsistent data reporting. Findings from articles were often temporally specific in that resistance was associated with AMR outcomes at sampling times closer to exposure compared to studies that sampled at longer intervals after exposure. Resistance was often nuanced to unique gene and phenotypic resistance patterns that varied with species of enterococci. Intrinsic resistance and interpretation of minimum inhibitory concentration varied greatly among enterococcal species, highlighting the importance of caution when comparing articles and generalizing findings. Systematic Review Registration [http://hdl.handle.net/1880/113592].
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla M. Strong
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- AMR—One Health Consortium, Calgary, AB, Canada
- *Correspondence: Kayla M. Strong,
| | - Kaitlin L. Marasco
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jesse Invik
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Heather Ganshorn
- Libraries and Cultural Resources, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Richard J. Reid-Smith
- AMR—One Health Consortium, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Centre for Food-borne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Cheryl L. Waldner
- Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Simon J. G. Otto
- AMR—One Health Consortium, Calgary, AB, Canada
- HEAT-AMR (Human-Environment-Animal Transdisciplinary Antimicrobial Resistance) Research Group, School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - John P. Kastelic
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Sylvia L. Checkley
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- AMR—One Health Consortium, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Jaswal K, Todd OA, Behnsen J. Neglected gut microbiome: interactions of the non-bacterial gut microbiota with enteric pathogens. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2226916. [PMID: 37365731 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2226916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A diverse array of commensal microorganisms inhabits the human intestinal tract. The most abundant and most studied members of this microbial community are undoubtedly bacteria. Their important role in gut physiology, defense against pathogens, and immune system education has been well documented over the last decades. However, the gut microbiome is not restricted to bacteria. It encompasses the entire breadth of microbial life: viruses, archaea, fungi, protists, and parasitic worms can also be found in the gut. While less studied than bacteria, their divergent but important roles during health and disease have become increasingly more appreciated. This review focuses on these understudied members of the gut microbiome. We will detail the composition and development of these microbial communities and will specifically highlight their functional interactions with enteric pathogens, such as species of the family Enterobacteriaceae. The interactions can be direct through physical interactions, or indirect through secreted metabolites or modulation of the immune response. We will present general concepts and specific examples of how non-bacterial gut communities modulate bacterial pathogenesis and present an outlook for future gut microbiome research that includes these communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchan Jaswal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Olivia A Todd
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Judith Behnsen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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McKay I, van Dorst J, Katz T, Doumit M, Prentice B, Owens L, Belessis Y, Chuang S, Jaffe A, Thomas T, Coffey M, Ooi CY. Diet and the gut-lung axis in cystic fibrosis - direct & indirect links. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2156254. [PMID: 36573804 PMCID: PMC9809969 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2156254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a multisystem, autosomal, recessive disease primarily affecting the lungs, pancreas, gastrointestinal tract, and liver. Whilst there is increasing evidence of a microbial 'gut-lung axis' in chronic respiratory conditions, there has been limited analysis of such a concept in CF. We performed a comprehensive dietary and microbiota analysis to explore the interactions between diet, gastrointestinal microbiota, respiratory microbiota, and clinical outcomes in children with CF. Our results demonstrate significant alterations in intestinal inflammation and respiratory and gastrointestinal microbiota when compared to age and gender matched children without CF. We identified correlations between the gastrointestinal and respiratory microbiota, lung function, CF pulmonary exacerbations and anthropometrics, supporting the concept of an altered gut-lung axis in children with CF. We also identified significant differences in dietary quality with CF children consuming greater relative proportions of total, saturated and trans fats, and less relative proportions of carbohydrates, wholegrains, fiber, insoluble fiber, starch, and resistant starch. Our findings position the CF diet as a potential modulator in gastrointestinal inflammation and the proposed gut-lung axial relationship in CF. The dietary intake of wholegrains, fiber and resistant starch may be protective against intestinal inflammation and should be explored as potential therapeutic adjuvants for children with CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle McKay
- School of Clinical Medicine, Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, UNSW Medicine and Health, Univeristy of New South Wales, Randwick, Australia
| | - Josie van Dorst
- School of Clinical Medicine, Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, UNSW Medicine and Health, Univeristy of New South Wales, Randwick, Australia
| | - Tamarah Katz
- School of Clinical Medicine, Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, UNSW Medicine and Health, Univeristy of New South Wales, Randwick, Australia,Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Sydney Children’s Hospital Randwick, Randwick, Australia
| | - Michael Doumit
- Department of Physiotherapy, Sydney Children’s Hospital Randwick, Randwick, Australia
| | - Bernadette Prentice
- School of Clinical Medicine, Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, UNSW Medicine and Health, Univeristy of New South Wales, Randwick, Australia,Molecular and Integrative Cystic Fibrosis (miCF) Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Randwick, Australia,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sydney Childrens Hospital, Randwick, Australia
| | - Louisa Owens
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sydney Childrens Hospital, Randwick, Australia
| | - Yvonne Belessis
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sydney Childrens Hospital, Randwick, Australia
| | - Sandra Chuang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, UNSW Medicine and Health, Univeristy of New South Wales, Randwick, Australia,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sydney Childrens Hospital, Randwick, Australia
| | - Adam Jaffe
- School of Clinical Medicine, Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, UNSW Medicine and Health, Univeristy of New South Wales, Randwick, Australia,Molecular and Integrative Cystic Fibrosis (miCF) Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Randwick, Australia,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sydney Childrens Hospital, Randwick, Australia
| | - Torsten Thomas
- Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Randwick, Australia,University of New South Wales, Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, Randwick, Australia
| | - Michael Coffey
- School of Clinical Medicine, Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, UNSW Medicine and Health, Univeristy of New South Wales, Randwick, Australia,Department of Gastroenterology, Sydney Children’s Hospital, Randwick, Australia
| | - Chee Y. Ooi
- School of Clinical Medicine, Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, UNSW Medicine and Health, Univeristy of New South Wales, Randwick, Australia,Molecular and Integrative Cystic Fibrosis (miCF) Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Randwick, Australia,Department of Gastroenterology, Sydney Children’s Hospital, Randwick, Australia,CONTACT Chee Y. Ooi Centre for Child Health Research and Innovation, Level 8, Bright Alliance Building, Cnr of Avoca and High Streets, Randwick, NSW2031, Australia
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Yang X, Zhao X, Chen V, Hang HC. Chemical proteomic analysis of bile acid-protein targets in Enterococcus faecium. RSC Chem Biol 2022; 3:1397-1402. [PMID: 36544573 PMCID: PMC9709779 DOI: 10.1039/d2cb00178k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bile acids are important gut microbiota metabolites that regulate both host and microbial functions. To identify the direct protein targets of bile acids in Enterococcus, we synthesized and validated the activity of a lithocholic acid (LCA) photoaffinity reporter, x-alk-LCA-3. Chemical proteomics of x-alk-LCA-3 in E. faecium Com15 reveals many candidate LCA-interacting proteins, which are involved in cell well synthesis, transcriptional regulation and metabolism. To validate the utility of bile acid photoaffinity labeling, we characterized a putative bile salt hydrolase (BSH) crosslinked by x-alk-LCA-3, and demonstrated that this BSH was effective in converting taurolithocholic acid (TLCA) to LCA in E. faecium and in vitro. Chemical proteomics should afford new opportunities to characterize bile acid-protein targets and mechanisms of action in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinglin Yang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research La Jolla California 92037 USA
| | - Xiaohui Zhao
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research La Jolla California 92037 USA
| | - Victor Chen
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Microbial Pathogenesis, The Rockefeller University New York New York 10065 USA
| | - Howard C Hang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research La Jolla California 92037 USA
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research La Jolla California 92037 USA
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Sgro M, Iacono G, Yamakawa GR, Kodila ZN, Marsland BJ, Mychasiuk R. Age matters: Microbiome depletion prior to repeat mild traumatic brain injury differentially alters microbial composition and function in adolescent and adult rats. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0278259. [PMID: 36449469 PMCID: PMC9710846 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of the gut microbiome has been shown to perpetuate neuroinflammation, alter intestinal permeability, and modify repetitive mild traumatic brain injury (RmTBI)-induced deficits. However, there have been no investigations regarding the comparative effects that the microbiome may have on RmTBI in adolescents and adults. Therefore, we examined the influence of microbiome depletion prior to RmTBI on microbial composition and metabolome, in adolescent and adult Sprague Dawley rats. Rats were randomly assigned to standard or antibiotic drinking water for 14 days, and to subsequent sham or RmTBIs. The gut microbiome composition and metabolome were analysed at baseline, 1 day after the first mTBI, and at euthanasia (11 days following the third mTBI). At euthanasia, intestinal samples were also collected to quantify tight junction protein (TJP1 and occludin) expression. Adolescents were significantly more susceptible to microbiome depletion via antibiotic administration which increased pro-inflammatory composition and metabolites. Furthermore, RmTBI induced a transient increase in 'beneficial bacteria' (Lachnospiraceae and Faecalibaculum) in only adolescents that may indicate compensatory action in response to the injury. Finally, microbiome depletion prior to RmTBI generated a microbiome composition and metabolome that exemplified a potentially chronic pathogenic and inflammatory state as demonstrated by increased Clostridium innocuum and Erysipelatoclostridium and reductions in Bacteroides and Clostridium Sensu Stricto. Results highlight that adolescents are more vulnerable to RmTBI compared to adults and dysbiosis prior to injury may exacerbate secondary inflammatory cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa Sgro
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Giulia Iacono
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Glenn R. Yamakawa
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Zoe N. Kodila
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Benjamin J. Marsland
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richelle Mychasiuk
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
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40
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Madany AM, Hughes HK, Ashwood P. Prenatal Maternal Antibiotics Treatment Alters the Gut Microbiota and Immune Function of Post-Weaned Prepubescent Offspring. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12879. [PMID: 36361666 PMCID: PMC9655507 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the immediate and continual perturbation to the gut microbiota of offspring in the weeks post-weaning and how these may be modulated by treating pregnant C57BL/6J dams with antibiotics (ABX). We used a broad-spectrum antibiotic cocktail consisting of ampicillin 1 mg/mL, neomycin 1 mg/mL, and vancomycin 0.5 mg/mL, or vancomycin 0.5 mg/mL alone, administered ad-lib orally to dams via drinking water during gestation and stopped after delivery. We analyzed the gut microbiota of offspring, cytokine profiles in circulation, and the brain to determine if there was evidence of a gut-immune-brain connection. Computationally predicted metabolic pathways were calculated from 16s rRNA sequencing data. ABX treatment can negatively affect the gut microbiota, including reduced diversity, altered metabolic activity, and immune function. We show that the maternal ABX-treatment continues to alter the offspring's gut microbiota diversity, composition, and metabolic pathways after weaning, with the most significant differences evident in 5-week-olds as opposed to 4-week-olds. Lower levels of chemokines and inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1α and IL-2, are also seen in the periphery and brains of offspring, respectively. In conclusion, this study shows maternal antibiotic administration alters gut microbiome profiles in offspring, which undergoes a continuous transformation, from week to week, at an early age after weaning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah M. Madany
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California at Davis, 2230 Stockton Blvd., Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
- The M.I.N.D. Institute, University of California at Davis, 2825 50th Street, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Heather K. Hughes
- The M.I.N.D. Institute, University of California at Davis, 2825 50th Street, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California at Davis, 3146 One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Paul Ashwood
- The M.I.N.D. Institute, University of California at Davis, 2825 50th Street, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California at Davis, 3146 One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Evaluation of Safety and Probiotic Potential of Enterococcus faecalis MG5206 and Enterococcus faecium MG5232 Isolated from Kimchi, a Korean Fermented Cabbage. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10102070. [PMID: 36296346 PMCID: PMC9607435 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10102070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the genotypic and phenotypic toxicity of Enterococcus faecalis MG5206 and Enterococcus faecium MG5232 isolated from kimchi (fermented vegetable cabbage). In this study, the genotypic toxicity of the strains MG5206 and MG5232 was identified through whole-genome sequencing analysis, and phenotypic virulence, such as susceptibility to antibiotics, hemolytic activity, and gelatinase and hyaluronidase activities, was also evaluated. In addition, the in vivo toxicity of both strains was evaluated using an acute oral administration test in Sprague–Dawley rats. In all the tests, both the strains were determined to be safety by confirming that they did not show antibiotic resistance or virulence factors. In addition, these strains exhibited a low level of autoaggregation ability (37.2–66.3%) and hydrophobicity, as well as a high survival rate in gastrointestinal condition in vitro. Therefore, the safety and high gastrointestinal viability of E. faecalis MG5206 and E. faecium MG5232 suggests that both the strains could be utilized in food as potential probiotics in the future.
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Hernández-Flores TDJ, Pedraza-Brindis EJ, Cárdenas-Bedoya J, Ruíz-Carrillo JD, Méndez-Clemente AS, Martínez-Guzmán MA, Iñiguez-Gutiérrez L. Role of Micronutrients and Gut Microbiota-Derived Metabolites in COVID-19 Recovery. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12324. [PMID: 36293182 PMCID: PMC9604189 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A balanced and varied diet provides diverse beneficial effects on health, such as adequate micronutrient availability and a gut microbiome in homeostasis. Besides their participation in biochemical processes as cofactors and coenzymes, vitamins and minerals have an immunoregulatory function; meanwhile, gut microbiota and its metabolites coordinate directly and indirectly the cell response through the interaction with the host receptors. Malnourishment is a crucial risk factor for several pathologies, and its involvement during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic has been reported. This pandemic has caused a significant decline in the worldwide population, especially those with chronic diseases, reduced physical activity, and elder age. Diet and gut microbiota composition are probable causes for this susceptibility, and its supplementation can play a role in reestablishing microbial homeostasis and improving immunity response against Coronavirus Disease 2019 infection and recovery. This study reviews the role of micronutrients and microbiomes in the risk of infection, the severity of disease, and the Coronavirus Disease 2019 sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresita de Jesús Hernández-Flores
- Departamento de Disciplinas Filosófico, Metodológicas e Instrumentales, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
- Instituto de Investigación de Inmunodeficiencias y VIH, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara “Fray Antonio Alcalde”, Guadalajara 44280, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Eliza Julia Pedraza-Brindis
- Departamento de Aparatos y Sistemas I, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44670, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Jhonathan Cárdenas-Bedoya
- Departamento de Disciplinas Filosófico, Metodológicas e Instrumentales, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Inmunodeficiencias y Retrovirus Humanos, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - José Daniel Ruíz-Carrillo
- Clínica Medicina Familiar 1 del ISSSTE “Dr. Arturo González Guzmán”, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Anibal Samael Méndez-Clemente
- Instituto de Investigación de Inmunodeficiencias y VIH, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara “Fray Antonio Alcalde”, Guadalajara 44280, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Marco Alonso Martínez-Guzmán
- Departamento de Aparatos y Sistemas I, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44670, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Liliana Iñiguez-Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Investigación de Inmunodeficiencias y VIH, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara “Fray Antonio Alcalde”, Guadalajara 44280, Jalisco, Mexico
- Departamento de Aparatos y Sistemas I, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44670, Jalisco, Mexico
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Bonifácio-Lopes T, Catarino MD, Vilas-Boas AA, Ribeiro TB, Campos DA, Teixeira JA, Pintado M. Impact of Circular Brewer’s Spent Grain Flour after In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion on Human Gut Microbiota. Foods 2022; 11:foods11152279. [PMID: 35954046 PMCID: PMC9368080 DOI: 10.3390/foods11152279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Brewer’s spent grain (BSG) solid residues are constituted by dietary fibre, protein, sugars, and polyphenols, which can have potential effects on human health. In this study, for the first time, the flours obtained from solid residues of solid-liquid extraction (SLE) and ohmic heating extraction (OHE) were applied throughout the gastrointestinal digestion simulation (GID), in order to evaluate their prebiotic potential and in vitro human gut microbiota fermentation. The results showed that the digestion of BSG flours obtained by the different methods lead to an increase throughout the GID of total phenolic compounds (SLE: from 2.27 to 7.20 mg gallic acid/g BSG—60% ethanol:water (v/v); OHE: 2.23 to 8.36 mg gallic acid/g BSG—80% ethanol:water (v/v)) and consequently an increase in antioxidant activity (ABTS—SLE: from 6.26 to 13.07 mg ascorbic acid/g BSG—80% ethanol:water (v/v); OHE: 4.60 to 10.60 mg ascorbic acid/g BSG—80% ethanol:water (v/v)—ORAC—SLE: 3.31 to 14.94 mg Trolox/g BSG—80% ethanol:water (v/v); OHE: from 2.13 to 17.37 mg Trolox/g BSG—60% ethanol:water (v/v)). The main phenolic compounds identified included representative molecules such as vanillic and ferulic acids, vanillin and catechin, among others being identified and quantified in all GID phases. These samples also induced the growth of probiotic bacteria and promoted the positive modulation of beneficial strains (such as Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp.) present in human faeces. Moreover, the fermentation by human faeces microbiota also allowed the production of short chain fatty acids (acetic, propionic, and butyric). Furthermore, previous identified polyphenols were also identified during fecal fermentation. This study demonstrates that BSG flours obtained from the solid residues of SLE and OHE extractions promoted a positive modulation of gut microbiota and related metabolism and antioxidant environment associated to the released phenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Bonifácio-Lopes
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (T.B.-L.); (A.A.V.-B.); (T.B.R.); (D.A.C.)
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal;
| | - Marcelo D. Catarino
- LAQV-REQUIMTE & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Ana A. Vilas-Boas
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (T.B.-L.); (A.A.V.-B.); (T.B.R.); (D.A.C.)
| | - Tânia B. Ribeiro
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (T.B.-L.); (A.A.V.-B.); (T.B.R.); (D.A.C.)
| | - Débora A. Campos
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (T.B.-L.); (A.A.V.-B.); (T.B.R.); (D.A.C.)
| | - José A. Teixeira
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal;
| | - Manuela Pintado
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (T.B.-L.); (A.A.V.-B.); (T.B.R.); (D.A.C.)
- Correspondence:
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44
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Krause AL, Stinear TP, Monk IR. Barriers to genetic manipulation of Enterococci: Current Approaches and Future Directions. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2022; 46:6650352. [PMID: 35883217 PMCID: PMC9779914 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuac036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium are Gram-positive commensal gut bacteria that can also cause fatal infections. To study clinically relevant multi-drug resistant E. faecalis and E. faecium strains, methods are needed to overcome physical (thick cell wall) and enzymatic barriers that limit the transfer of foreign DNA and thus prevent facile genetic manipulation. Enzymatic barriers to DNA uptake identified in E. faecalis and E. faecium include type I, II and IV restriction modification systems and CRISPR-Cas. This review examines E. faecalis and E. faecium DNA defence systems and the methods with potential to overcome these barriers. DNA defence system bypass will allow the application of innovative genetic techniques to expedite molecular-level understanding of these important, but somewhat neglected, pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra L Krause
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia
| | - Timothy P Stinear
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia
| | - Ian R Monk
- Corresponding author: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia. E-mail:
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Dutta B, Lahiri D, Nag M, Abukhader R, Sarkar T, Pati S, Upadhye V, Pandit S, Amin MFM, Al Tawaha ARMS, Kumar M, Ray RR. Multi-Omics Approach in Amelioration of Food Products. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:955683. [PMID: 35903478 PMCID: PMC9315205 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.955683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Determination of the quality of food products is an essential key factor needed for safe-guarding the quality of food for the interest of the consumers, along with the nutritional and sensory improvements that are necessary for delivering better quality products. Bacteriocins are a group of ribosomally synthesized antimicrobial peptides that help in maintaining the quality of food. The implementation of multi-omics approach has been important for the overall enhancement of the quality of the food. This review uses various recent technologies like proteomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics for the overall enhancement of the quality of food products. The matrix associated with the food products requires the use of sophisticated technologies that help in the extraction of a large amount of information necessary for the amelioration of the food products. This review would provide a wholesome view of how various recent technologies can be used for improving the quality food products and for enhancing their shelf-life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bandita Dutta
- Department of Biotechnology, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, Haringhata, India
| | - Dibyajit Lahiri
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Engineering & Management, Kolkata, India
| | - Moupriya Nag
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Engineering & Management, Kolkata, India
| | - Rose Abukhader
- Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
- *Correspondence: Rose Abukhader,
| | - Tanmay Sarkar
- Department of Food Processing Technology, Malda Polytechnic, West Bengal State Council of Technical Education, Government of West Bengal, Malda, India
- Tanmay Sarkar,
| | - Siddhartha Pati
- NatNov Bioscience Private Limited, Balasore, India
- Skills Innovation & Academic Network (SIAN) Institute, Association for Biodiversity Conservation & Research (ABC), Balasore, India
| | - Vijay Upadhye
- Center of Research for Development (CR4D), Parul Institute of Applied Sciences (PIAS), Parul University, Vadodara, India
| | - Soumya Pandit
- Department of Life Sciences, Sharda University, Noida, India
| | | | | | - Manoj Kumar
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Rina Rani Ray
- Department of Biotechnology, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, Haringhata, India
- Rina Rani Ray,
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Seby R, Kim C, Khreis M, Khreis K. Enterococcus faecalis-induced infective endocarditis: an unusual source of infection and a rare clinical presentation. J Int Med Res 2022; 50:3000605221112019. [PMID: 35899534 PMCID: PMC9340997 DOI: 10.1177/03000605221112019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A 69-year-old woman was airlifted to the emergency department after awakening with angina, diaphoresis, and shortness of breath. She was found to have ST-elevation myocardial infarction with 100% occlusion of her left anterior descending artery, and aspiration thrombectomy was performed. Blood cultures confirmed Enterococcus faecalis bacteremia. Our team used a clinical tool to determine whether transesophageal echocardiography was warranted to investigate for infective endocarditis. The patient’s transesophageal echocardiogram showed a large mobile vegetation on her mitral valve. Given the presence of infective endocarditis in the absence of known coronary artery disease, we determined that the patient had likely developed acute coronary syndrome from a septic embolus originating from her mitral valve vegetation. Further investigation for the source of the bacteremia revealed a perforation 20 cm from the anal verge at the rectosigmoid junction. After perforation repair, the patient became hypoxic and tachycardic with diffuse abdominal pain, guarding, rebound tenderness, and loss of pulse. Exploratory laparotomy revealed air in the mesentery consistent with extraperitoneal perforation of the rectum, and an end-colostomy was performed. Unfortunately, the patient subsequently died.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Seby
- Department of Infectious Disease, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Christine Kim
- Department of Infectious Disease, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Mahmoud Khreis
- Department of Infectious Disease, Sentara Norfolk General Hospital, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Khaldoun Khreis
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pecs, Hungary
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Wynendaele E, Debunne N, Janssens Y, De Spiegeleer A, Verbeke F, Tack L, Van Welden S, Goossens E, Knappe D, Hoffmann R, Van De Wiele C, Laukens D, Van Eenoo P, Vereecke L, Van Immerseel F, De Wever O, De Spiegeleer B. The quorum sensing peptide EntF* promotes colorectal cancer metastasis in mice: a new factor in the host-microbiome interaction. BMC Biol 2022; 20:151. [PMID: 35761265 PMCID: PMC9238271 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01317-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer, one of the most common malignancies worldwide, is associated with a high mortality rate, mainly caused by metastasis. Comparative metagenome-wide association analyses of healthy individuals and cancer patients suggest a role for the human intestinal microbiota in tumor progression. However, the microbial molecules involved in host-microbe communication are largely unknown, with current studies mainly focusing on short-chain fatty acids and amino acid metabolites as potential mediators. Quorum sensing peptides are not yet considered in this context since their presence in vivo and their ability to affect host cells have not been reported so far. Results Here, we show that EntF*, a metabolite of the quorum sensing peptide EntF produced by Enterococcus faecium, is naturally present in mice bloodstream. Moreover, by using an orthotopic mouse model, we show that EntF* promotes colorectal cancer metastasis in vivo, with metastatic lesions in liver and lung tissues. In vitro tests suggest that EntF* regulates E-cadherin expression and consequently the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, via the CXCR4 receptor. In addition, alanine-scanning analysis indicates that the first, second, sixth, and tenth amino acid of EntF* are critical for epithelial-mesenchymal transition and tumor metastasis. Conclusion Our work identifies a new class of molecules, quorum sensing peptides, as potential regulators of host-microbe interactions. We prove, for the first time, the presence of a selected quorum sensing peptide metabolite in a mouse model, and we demonstrate its effects on colorectal cancer metastasis. We believe that our work represents a starting point for future investigations on the role of microbiome in colorectal cancer metastasis and for the development of novel bio-therapeutics in other disease areas. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12915-022-01317-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelien Wynendaele
- Drug Quality and Registration Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nathan Debunne
- Drug Quality and Registration Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yorick Janssens
- Drug Quality and Registration Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anton De Spiegeleer
- Drug Quality and Registration Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frederick Verbeke
- Drug Quality and Registration Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Liesa Tack
- Drug Quality and Registration Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sophie Van Welden
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Evy Goossens
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Poultry diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Daniel Knappe
- Center of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ralf Hoffmann
- Center of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christophe Van De Wiele
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Debby Laukens
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter Van Eenoo
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lars Vereecke
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Filip Van Immerseel
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Poultry diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Olivier De Wever
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart De Spiegeleer
- Drug Quality and Registration Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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Geng J, Sui Z, Dou W, Miao Y, Wang T, Wei X, Chen S, Zhang Z, Xiao J, Huang D. 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing Reveals Specific Gut Microbes Common to Medicinal Insects. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:892767. [PMID: 35651499 PMCID: PMC9149300 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.892767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Insects have a long history of being used in medicine, with clear primary and secondary functions and less side effects, and the study and exploitation of medicinal insects have received increasing attention. Insects gut microbiota and their metabolites play an important role in protecting the hosts from other potentially harmful microbes, providing nutrients, promoting digestion and degradation, and regulating growth and metabolism of the hosts. However, there are still few studies linking the medicinal values of insects with their gut microbes. In this study, we focused on the specific gut microbiota common to medicinal insects, hoping to trace the potential connection between medicinal values and gut microbes of medicinal insects. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing data, we compared the gut microbiota of medicinal insects [Periplaneta americana, Protaetia (Liocola) brevitarsis (Lewis) and Musca domestica], in their medicinal stages, and non-medicinal insects (Hermetia illucens L., Tenebrio molitor, and Drosophila melanogaster), and found that the intestinal microbial richness of medicinal insects was higher, and there were significant differences in the microbial community structure between the two groups. We established a model using a random-forest method to preliminarily screen out several types of gut microbiota common to medicinal insects that may play medicinal values: Parabacteroides goldsteinii, Lactobacillus dextrinicus, Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis (B. infantis), and Vagococcus carniphilus. In particular, P. goldsteinii and B. infantis were most probably involved in the anti-inflammatory effects of medicinal insects. Our results revealed an association between medicinal insects and their gut microbes, providing new development directions and possibly potential tools for utilizing microbes to enhance the medicinal efficacy of medicinal insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Geng
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhuoxiao Sui
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Weihao Dou
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yunheng Miao
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xunfan Wei
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Sicong Chen
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zongqi Zhang
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinhua Xiao
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dawei Huang
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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Zhang ZJ, Lehmann CJ, Cole CG, Pamer EG. Translating Microbiome Research From and To the Clinic. Annu Rev Microbiol 2022; 76:435-460. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-041020-022206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Extensive research has elucidated the influence of the gut microbiota on human health and disease susceptibility and resistance. We review recent clinical and laboratory-based experimental studies associating the gut microbiota with certain human diseases. We also highlight ongoing translational advances that manipulate the gut microbiota to treat human diseases and discuss opportunities and challenges in translating microbiome research from and to the bedside. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Microbiology, Volume 76 is September 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenrun J. Zhang
- Duchossois Family Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Cody G. Cole
- Duchossois Family Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Eric G. Pamer
- Duchossois Family Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Medicine and Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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50
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Sun J, Prabhu A, Aroney STN, Rinke C. Insights into plastic biodegradation: community composition and functional capabilities of the superworm ( Zophobas morio) microbiome in styrofoam feeding trials. Microb Genom 2022; 8. [PMID: 35678705 PMCID: PMC9455710 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Plastics are inexpensive and widely used organic polymers, but their high durability hinders biodegradation. Polystyrene, including extruded polystyrene (also known as styrofoam), is among the most commonly produced plastics worldwide and is recalcitrant to microbial degradation. In this study, we assessed changes in the gut microbiome of superworms (Zophobas morio) reared on bran, polystyrene or under starvation conditions over a 3 weeks period. Superworms on all diets were able to complete their life cycle to pupae and imago, although superworms reared on polystyrene had minimal weight gains, resulting in lower pupation rates compared to bran reared worms. The change in microbial gut communities from baseline differed considerably between diet groups, with polystyrene and starvation groups characterized by a loss of microbial diversity and the presence of opportunistic pathogens. Inferred microbial functions enriched in the polystyrene group included transposon movements, membrane restructuring and adaptations to oxidative stress. We detected several encoded enzymes with reported polystyrene and styrene degradation abilities, supporting previous reports of polystyrene-degrading bacteria in the superworm gut. By recovering metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) we linked phylogeny and functions and identified genera including Pseudomonas, Rhodococcus and Corynebacterium that possess genes associated with polystyrene degradation. In conclusion, our results provide the first metagenomic insights into the metabolic pathways used by the gut microbiome of superworms to degrade polystyrene. Our results also confirm that superworms can survive on polystyrene feed, but this diet has considerable negative impacts on host gut microbiome diversity and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarui Sun
- Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Apoorva Prabhu
- Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Samuel T N Aroney
- Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Christian Rinke
- Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
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