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Alrafaie AM, Pyrzanowska K, Smith EM, Partridge DG, Rafferty J, Mesnage S, Shepherd J, Stafford GP. A diverse set of Enterococcus-infecting phage provides insight into phage host-range determinants. Virus Res 2024; 347:199426. [PMID: 38960003 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Enterococci are robust Gram-positive bacteria that pose a significant threat in healthcare settings due to antibiotic resistance, with vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) most prominent. To tackle this issue, bacteriophages (bacterial viruses) can be exploited as they specifically and efficiently target bacteria. Here, we successfully isolated and characterised a set of novel phages: SHEF10, SHEF11, SHEF13, SHEF14, and SHEF16 which target E. faecalis (SHEF10,11,13), or E. faecium (SHEF13, SHEF14 & SHEF16) strains including a range of clinical and VRE isolates. Genomic analysis shows that all phages are strictly lytic and diverse in terms of genome size and content, quickly and effectively lysing strains at different multiplicity of infections. Detailed analysis of the broad host-range SHEF13 phage revealed the crucial role of the enterococcal polysaccharide antigen (EPA) variable region in its infection of E. faecalis V583. In parallel, the discovery of a carbohydrate-targeting domain (CBM22) found conserved within the three phage genomes indicates a role in cell surface interactions that may be important in phage-bacterial interactons. These findings advance our comprehension of phage-host interactions and pave the way for targeted therapeutic strategies against antibiotic-resistant enterococcal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alhassan M Alrafaie
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Karolina Pyrzanowska
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom, S10 2TA, UK
| | - Elspeth M Smith
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom, S10 2TA, UK
| | - David G Partridge
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield S10 2JF, UK
| | - John Rafferty
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Stephane Mesnage
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Joanna Shepherd
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom, S10 2TA, UK
| | - Graham P Stafford
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom, S10 2TA, UK; School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK.
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Oumeddour DZ, Al-Dalali S, Zhao L, Zhao L, Wang C. Recent advances on cyanidin-3-O-glucoside in preventing obesity-related metabolic disorders: A comprehensive review. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 729:150344. [PMID: 38976946 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Anthocyanins, found in various pigmented plants as secondary metabolites, represent a class of dietary polyphenols known for their bioactive properties, demonstrating health-promoting effects against several chronic diseases. Among these, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) is one of the most prevalent types of anthocyanins. Upon consumption, C3G undergoes phases I and II metabolism by oral epithelial cells, absorption in the gastric epithelium, and gut transformation (phase II & microbial metabolism), with limited amounts reaching the bloodstream. Obesity, characterized by excessive body fat accumulation, is a global health concern associated with heightened risks of disability, illness, and mortality. This comprehensive review delves into the biodegradation and absorption dynamics of C3G within the gastrointestinal tract. It meticulously examines the latest research findings, drawn from in vitro and in vivo models, presenting evidence underlining C3G's bioactivity. Notably, C3G has demonstrated significant efficacy in combating obesity, by regulating lipid metabolism, specifically decreasing lipid synthesis, increasing fatty acid oxidation, and reducing lipid accumulation. Additionally, C3G enhances energy homeostasis by boosting energy expenditure, promoting the activity of brown adipose tissue, and stimulating mitochondrial biogenesis. Furthermore, C3G shows potential in managing various prevalent obesity-related conditions. These include cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and hypertension through the suppression of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, enhancement of endogenous antioxidant enzyme levels, and inhibition of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway and by exercising its cardioprotective and vascular effects by decreasing pulmonary artery thickness and systolic pressure which enhances vascular relaxation and angiogenesis. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and insulin resistance (IR) are also managed by reducing gluconeogenesis via AMPK pathway activation, promoting autophagy, protecting pancreatic β-cells from oxidative stress and enhancing glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Additionally, C3G improves insulin sensitivity by upregulating GLUT-1 and GLUT-4 expression and regulating the PI3K/Akt pathway. C3G exhibits anti-inflammatory properties by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway, reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines, and shifting macrophage polarization from the pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype to the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype. C3G demonstrates antioxidative effects by enhancing the expression of antioxidant enzymes, reducing ROS production, and activating the Nrf2/AMPK signaling pathway. Moreover, these mechanisms also contribute to attenuating inflammatory bowel disease and regulating gut microbiota by decreasing Firmicutes and increasing Bacteroidetes abundance, restoring colon length, and reducing levels of inflammatory cytokines. The therapeutic potential of C3G extends beyond metabolic disorders; it has also been found effective in managing specific cancer types and neurodegenerative disorders. The findings of this research can provide an important reference for future investigations that seek to improve human health through the use of naturally occurring bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dounya Zad Oumeddour
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100048, China; Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Sam Al-Dalali
- School of Food and Health, Guilin Tourism University, Guilin, 541006, China; Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Science, Ibb University, Ibb, 70270, Yemen.
| | - Liang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100048, China; Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Lei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100048, China; Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Chengtao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100048, China; Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China.
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Pan P, Sun L, Shi X, Huang X, Yin Y, Pan B, Hu L, Shen Q. Analysis of molecular epidemiological characteristics and antimicrobial susceptibility of vancomycin-resistant and linezolid-resistant Enterococcus in China. BMC Med Genomics 2024; 17:174. [PMID: 38951840 PMCID: PMC11218351 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-024-01948-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigates the distribution and characteristics of linezolid and vancomycin susceptibilities among Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) and Enterococcus faecium (E. faecium) and explores the underlying resistance mechanisms. METHODS A total of 2842 Enterococcus clinical isolates from patients were retrospectively collected, and their clinical data were further analyzed. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of vancomycin and linezolid were validated by broth dilution method. The resistance genes optrA, cfr, vanA, vanB and vanM were investigated using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Housekeeping genes and resistance genes were obtianed through whole-genome sequencing (WGS). RESULTS Of the 2842 Enterococcus isolates, 88.5% (2516) originated from urine, with E. faecium accounted for 60.1% of these. The vanA gene was identified in 27/28 vancomycin resistant Enterococcus (VRE) isolates, 4 of which carried both vanA and vanM genes. The remaining strain was vanM positive. The optrA gene was identified in all E. faecalis isolates among linezolid resistant Enterococcus (LRE). E. faecium showed a higher multiple antibiotic resistance index (MAR index) compared to E. faecalis. The multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) showed the sequence type of E. faecium mainly belongs to clonal complex (CC) 17, nearly E. faecalis isolates analyzed were differentiated into 7 characteristics of sequence types (STs), among which ST16 of CC16 were the major lineage. CONCLUSION Urine was the primary source of VRE and LRE isolates in this study. E. faecium showed higher levels of resistance compared to E. faecalis. OptrA gene was detected in 91.6% of LRE, which could explain linezolid resistance, and van genes were detected in all vancomycin resistant Enterococcus strains, while vanA was a key resistance mechanism in VRE identified in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Pan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hangzhou Women's Hospital (Hangzhou Matenal and Child Health Care Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, China
| | - Long Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hangzhou Women's Hospital (Hangzhou Matenal and Child Health Care Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, China
| | - Xinyan Shi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hangzhou Women's Hospital (Hangzhou Matenal and Child Health Care Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, China
| | - Xian Huang
- Respiratory department, Zhejiang Provincial General Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police CN, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310051, China
| | - Yiping Yin
- Department of Hospital-acquired infection control, Zhejiang Provincial General Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police CN, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310051, China
| | - Beilei Pan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hangzhou Women's Hospital (Hangzhou Matenal and Child Health Care Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, China
| | - Lihua Hu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial General Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police CN, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310051, China.
| | - Qiang Shen
- Hangzhou xixi Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310023, China.
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AlJindan R, Mahmoud N, AlEraky DM, Almandil NB, AbdulAzeez S, Borgio JF. Phenomics and genomic features of Enterococcus avium IRMC1622a isolated from a clinical sample of hospitalized patient. J Infect Public Health 2024; 17:102463. [PMID: 38833914 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2024.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enterococcus avium (E. avium) is a Gram-positive nosocomial pathogen that is commonly isolated from the alimentary tract. The objective of this functional genomics study was to identify the resistant genes by analyzing the genome of E. avium IRMC1622a, a type of bacteria found in feces collected from a patient at a Saudi Arabian tertiary hospital. METHODS The bacterial strain IRMC1622a was identified by 16 S rRNA sequencing as Enterococcus sp. The resistance phenomics were performed using VITEK® 2, and morphological analysis was achieved using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Finally, the whole bacterial genome of the bacterial strain IRMC1622a was subjected to sequencing during October 2023 using Oxford Nanopore long-read sequencing technology, and mining for resistant genes. RESULTS The results of antimicrobial resistant phenomics indicated that the IRMC1622a strain was sensitive to all tested antimicrobial agents except for erythromycin, and the same result was confirmed by genomic analysis in addition to other classes of antibiotics. SEM showed E. avium IRMC1622a is ovoid shape, in single cells (L 1.2797 ± 0.1490 µm), in pairs (L 1.7333 ± 0.1054 µm), and in chains (L 2.44033 ± 0.1978 µm). The E. avium IRMC1622a genome has 14 (in CARD) antimicrobial resistance genes that were identified with several mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance, such as the efflux pump and conferring antibiotic resistance. The present study revealed that the E. avium IRMC1622a genome contains a high number of genes associated with virulence factors, and 14 matched pathogenic protein families and predicted as human pathogen (probability score 0.855). We report two (ISEnfa4 and ISEfa5) mobile genetic elements for the first time in the E. avium genome. CONCLUSIONS The study concludes that E. avium IRMC1622a is susceptible to all tested antibacterials except erythromycin. The IRMC1622a has 14 genes encoding antimicrobial resistance mechanisms, including the efflux pump and conferring antibiotic resistance. This could indicate a potential rise in E. avium resistance in healthcare facilities. These observations may raise concerns regarding E. avium resistance in healthcare. We need more research to understand the pathophysiology of E. avium, which leads to hospital-acquired infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem AlJindan
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nehal Mahmoud
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Doaa M AlEraky
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, United Arab Emirates
| | - Noor B Almandil
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sayed AbdulAzeez
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - J Francis Borgio
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.
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Liu X, Xiong Y, Peng R, Zhang Y, Cai S, Deng Q, Yu Z, Wen Z, Chen Z, Hou T. Antibacterial activity and mechanisms of D-3263 against Staphylococcus aureus. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:224. [PMID: 38926818 PMCID: PMC11201875 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03377-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Multi-drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections necessitate novel antibiotic development. D-3263, a transient receptor potential melastatin member 8 (TRPM8) agonist, has potential antineoplastic properties. Here, we reported the antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of D-3263. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against S. aureus, Enterococcus faecalis and E. faecium were ≤ 50 µM. D-3263 exhibited bactericidal effects against clinical methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and E. faecalis strains at 4× MIC. Subinhibitory D-3263 concentrations effectively inhibited S. aureus and E. faecalis biofilms, with higher concentrations also clearing mature biofilms. Proteomic analysis revealed differential expression of 29 proteins under 1/2 × MIC D-3263, influencing amino acid biosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism. Additionally, D-3263 enhanced membrane permeability of S. aureus and E. faecalis. Bacterial membrane phospholipids phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), and cardiolipin (CL) dose-dependently increased D-3263 MICs. Overall, our data suggested that D-3263 exhibited potent antibacterial and antibiofilm activities against S. aureus by targeting the cell membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoju Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Endogenous Infection, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, No 89, Taoyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518052, China
| | - Yanpeng Xiong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Endogenous Infection, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, No 89, Taoyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518052, China
| | - Renhai Peng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Endogenous Infection, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, No 89, Taoyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518052, China
| | - Yufang Zhang
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, St Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Shuyu Cai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Endogenous Infection, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, No 89, Taoyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518052, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen key Laboratory of Endogenous infection, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital and the 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Medical School, No 89, Taoyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518052, China
| | - Qiwen Deng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Endogenous Infection, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, No 89, Taoyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518052, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen key Laboratory of Endogenous infection, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital and the 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Medical School, No 89, Taoyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518052, China
| | - Zhijian Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Endogenous Infection, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, No 89, Taoyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518052, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen key Laboratory of Endogenous infection, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital and the 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Medical School, No 89, Taoyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518052, China
| | - Zewen Wen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Endogenous Infection, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, No 89, Taoyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518052, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen key Laboratory of Endogenous infection, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital and the 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Medical School, No 89, Taoyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518052, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Endogenous Infection, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, No 89, Taoyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518052, China.
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen key Laboratory of Endogenous infection, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital and the 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Medical School, No 89, Taoyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518052, China.
| | - Tieying Hou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Endogenous Infection, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, No 89, Taoyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518052, China.
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen key Laboratory of Endogenous infection, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital and the 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Medical School, No 89, Taoyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518052, China.
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Gao W, Liu X, Zhang S, Wang J, Qiu B, Shao J, Huang W, Huang Y, Yao M, Tang LL. Alterations in gut microbiota and inflammatory cytokines after administration of antibiotics in mice. Microbiol Spectr 2024:e0309523. [PMID: 38899904 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03095-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics are widely used to treat bacterial infection and reduce the mortality rate, while antibiotic overuse can cause gut microbiota dysbiosis. The impact of antibiotics on gut microbiota is not fully understood. In our study, four commonly used antibiotics (ceftazidime, cefoperazone-sulbactam, imipenem-cilastatin, and moxifloxacin) were given subcutaneously to mice, and their impacts on the gut microbiota composition and serum cytokine levels were evaluated through 16S rRNA analysis and a multiplex immunoassay. Antibiotic treatment markedly reduced gut microbiota diversity and changed gut microbiota composition. Antibiotic treatment significantly increased and decreased the abundance of Firmicutes and Bacteroidota, respectively. The antibiotic treatments increased the abundance of opportunistic pathogens such as Enterococcus and decreased that of Lachnospiraceae and Muribaculaceae. For moxifloxacin, the significantly high abundance of Enterococcus and Klebsiella was observed after 14 and 21 days of treatment. However, a relatively low abundance of opportunistic pathogens was found after 14 days of imipenem-cilastatin treatment. Additionally, the serum levels of various pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β, IL-12 (p70), and IL-17, significantly increased after 21 days of antibiotic treatments. Overall, these results provide a guide for rational use of antibiotics in clinical settings: short-term use of moxifloxacin is recommended with regard to gut microbiota health, and the 14-day use of imipenem-cilastatin may have a less severe impact than other antibiotics.IMPORTANCEAntibiotic treatments are directly associated with changes in gut microbiota and are effective against both pathogens and beneficial bacteria. Gut microbiota dysbiosis induced by antibiotic treatment could increase the risk of some diseases. Therefore, an adequate understanding of gut microbiota changes after antibiotic use is crucial. In this study, we investigated the effects of continuous treatment with antibiotics on gut microbiota, serum cytokines, and intestinal inflammatory response. Our results suggest that short-term use of moxifloxacin is recommended, and the 14-day use of imipenem-cilastatin may have a less severe effect on gut microbiota health than cefoperazone-sulbactam. These results provide useful guidance on the rational use of antibiotics with regard to gut microbiota health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Gao
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, China
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xingyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuobo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingxia Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junhua Shao
- Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University, Shulan International Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weixin Huang
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, China
- Shaoxing Tongchuang Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Shaoxing, China
| | - Yilun Huang
- Alberta Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Mingfei Yao
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, China
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ling-Ling Tang
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, China
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University, Shulan International Medical College, Hangzhou, China
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Rubilar-Huenchuman M, Ortega-Villanueva C, González IA, Palavecino CE. The Effect of Photodynamic Therapy on Enterococcus spp. and Its Application in Dentistry: A Scoping Review. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:825. [PMID: 38931945 PMCID: PMC11207625 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16060825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Enterococci spp. are Gram-positive bacteria that cause mild to severe infections, many associated with the oral cavity, such as periapical infections and healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). Many of these infections become serious diseases that are difficult to resolve, specifically when multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains cause them. In recent years, the number of MDR strains of Enterococcus spp. has increased significantly. This increased prevalence of MDR strains produces significant pressure to generate more antimicrobial therapies, but there is a decline in the production of new antibiotics, driving the development of complementary therapies, such as photodynamic therapy (PDT). PDT combines a photosensitizer agent (PS), light, and oxygen to cause photooxidative stress in bacterial cells. PDT can eradicate Enterococcus spp. contaminations, improve the classic cleaning processes, and eradicate the bacteria in dental pieces. PDT's effectiveness can be improved with nanoparticles that function as carriers. Our work aims to describe the advances in PDT against Enterococcus spp. as a complement to antibiotic therapy, focusing on infections by Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis, dental hygiene, and using nanoparticles to improve the antimicrobial effect. A systematic bibliographic search without a meta-analysis was conducted on various databases, using inclusion and exclusion criteria to identify the most relevant research. Of the 193 non-redundant articles found, 65 were selected for a systematic review, from which a summary table was created and a manual description was made. Photodynamic therapy for treating E. faecium and E. faecalis is a widely studied area, with promising results concerning bactericidal effectiveness and reductions in biofilm formation, particularly in regard to dental hygiene. Because most of the studies were conducted in vitro or ex vivo, the results indicated that there were not sufficient data to initiate clinical trials for safety and efficacy studies on humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariaignacia Rubilar-Huenchuman
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Celular, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Central de Chile, Lord Cochrane 418, Santiago 8330546, Chile; (M.R.-H.); (C.O.-V.)
| | - Camilo Ortega-Villanueva
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Celular, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Central de Chile, Lord Cochrane 418, Santiago 8330546, Chile; (M.R.-H.); (C.O.-V.)
| | - Iván A. González
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Matemática y del Medio Ambiente, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Las Palmeras 3360, Ñuñoa, Santiago 7800003, Chile;
| | - Christian Erick Palavecino
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Celular, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Central de Chile, Lord Cochrane 418, Santiago 8330546, Chile; (M.R.-H.); (C.O.-V.)
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Wei Y, Palacios Araya D, Palmer KL. Enterococcus faecium: evolution, adaptation, pathogenesis and emerging therapeutics. Nat Rev Microbiol 2024:10.1038/s41579-024-01058-6. [PMID: 38890478 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-024-01058-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
The opportunistic pathogen Enterococcus faecium colonizes humans and a wide range of animals, endures numerous stresses, resists antibiotic treatment and stubbornly persists in clinical environments. The widespread application of antibiotics in hospitals and agriculture has contributed to the emergence of vancomycin-resistant E. faecium, which causes many hospital-acquired infections. In this Review, we explore recent discoveries about the evolutionary history, the environmental adaptation and the colonization and dissemination mechanisms of E. faecium and vancomycin-resistant E. faecium. These studies provide critical insights necessary for developing novel preventive and therapeutic approaches against vancomycin-resistant E. faecium and also reveal the intricate interrelationships between the environment, the microorganism and the host, providing knowledge that is broadly relevant to how antibiotic-resistant pathogens emerge and endure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahan Wei
- School of Podiatric Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Harlingen, TX, USA
| | - Dennise Palacios Araya
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Kelli L Palmer
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA.
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Klupt S, Fam KT, Zhang X, Chodisetti PK, Mehmood A, Boyd T, Grotjahn D, Park D, Hang HC. Secreted antigen A peptidoglycan hydrolase is essential for Enterococcus faecium cell separation and priming of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. eLife 2024; 13:RP95297. [PMID: 38857064 PMCID: PMC11164530 DOI: 10.7554/elife.95297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus faecium is a microbiota species in humans that can modulate host immunity (Griffin and Hang, 2022), but has also acquired antibiotic resistance and is a major cause of hospital-associated infections (Van Tyne and Gilmore, 2014). Notably, diverse strains of E. faecium produce SagA, a highly conserved peptidoglycan hydrolase that is sufficient to promote intestinal immunity (Rangan et al., 2016; Pedicord et al., 2016; Kim et al., 2019) and immune checkpoint inhibitor antitumor activity (Griffin et al., 2021). However, the functions of SagA in E. faecium were unknown. Here, we report that deletion of sagA impaired E. faecium growth and resulted in bulged and clustered enterococci due to defective peptidoglycan cleavage and cell separation. Moreover, ΔsagA showed increased antibiotic sensitivity, yielded lower levels of active muropeptides, displayed reduced activation of the peptidoglycan pattern-recognition receptor NOD2, and failed to promote cancer immunotherapy. Importantly, the plasmid-based expression of SagA, but not its catalytically inactive mutant, restored ΔsagA growth, production of active muropeptides, and NOD2 activation. SagA is, therefore, essential for E. faecium growth, stress resistance, and activation of host immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Klupt
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps ResearchLa JollaUnited States
| | - Kyong Tkhe Fam
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps ResearchLa JollaUnited States
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps ResearchLa JollaUnited States
| | | | - Abeera Mehmood
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps ResearchLa JollaUnited States
| | - Tumara Boyd
- Department of Integrative Structural & Computational Biology, Scripps ResearchLa JollaUnited States
| | - Danielle Grotjahn
- Department of Integrative Structural & Computational Biology, Scripps ResearchLa JollaUnited States
| | - Donghyun Park
- Department of Integrative Structural & Computational Biology, Scripps ResearchLa JollaUnited States
| | - Howard C Hang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps ResearchLa JollaUnited States
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps ResearchLa JollaUnited States
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10
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Cebeci T. Species prevalence, virulence genes, and antibiotic resistance of enterococci from food-producing animals at a slaughterhouse in Turkey. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13191. [PMID: 38851786 PMCID: PMC11162463 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63984-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Healthy cattle, sheep, and goats can be reservoirs for gastrointestinal pathogenic fecal enterococci, some of which could be multidrug-resistant to antimicrobials. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and diversity of Enterococcus species in healthy sheep, goat, and cattle carcasses, as well as to analyze the antimicrobial resistance phenotype/genotype and the virulence gene content. During 2019-2020, carcass surface samples were collected from 150 ruminants in a slaughterhouse. A total of 90 enterococci, comprising five species, were obtained. The overall prevalence of enterococci was found to be 60%, out of which 37.7% were identified as Enterococcus (E.) hirae, 33.3% as E. casseliflavus, 15.5% as E. faecium, 12.2% as E. faecalis, and 1.1% as E. gallinarum. Virulence-associated genes of efaA (12.2%) were commonly observed in the Enterococcus isolates, followed by gelE (3.3%), asaI (3.3%), and ace (2.2%). High resistance to quinupristin-dalfopristin (28.8%), tetracycline (21.1%), ampicillin (20%), and rifampin (15.5%) was found in two, four, four, and five of the Enterococcus species group, respectively. The resistance of Enterococcus isolates to 11 antibiotic groups was determined and multidrug resistant (MDR) strains were found in 18.8% of Enterococcus isolates. Characteristic resistance genes were identified by PCR with an incidence of 6.6%, 2.2%, 1.1%, 1.1%, 1.1%, and 1.1% for the tetM, ermB, ermA, aac(6')Ie-aph(2")-la, VanC1, and VanC2 genes in Enterococcus isolates, respectively. Efflux pump genes causing multidrug resistance were detected in Enterococcus isolates (34.4%). The results showed that there were enterococci in the slaughterhouse with a number of genes linked to virulence that could be harmful to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tugba Cebeci
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Espiye Vocational School, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey.
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11
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Hallenbeck M, Chua M, Collins J. The role of the universal sugar transport system components PtsI (EI) and PtsH (HPr) in Enterococcus faecium. FEMS MICROBES 2024; 5:xtae018. [PMID: 38988831 PMCID: PMC11234649 DOI: 10.1093/femsmc/xtae018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) pose a serious threat to public health because of their limited treatment options. Therefore, there is an increasing need to identify novel targets to develop new drugs. Here, we examined the roles of the universal PTS components, PtsI and PtsH, in Enterococcus faecium to determine their roles in carbon metabolism, biofilm formation, stress response, and the ability to compete in the gastrointestinal tract. Clean deletion of ptsHI resulted in a significant reduction in the ability to import and metabolize simple sugars, attenuated growth rate, reduced biofilm formation, and decreased competitive fitness both in vitro and in vivo. However, no significant difference in stress survival was observed when compared with the wild type. These results suggest that targeting universal or specific PTS may provide a novel treatment strategy by reducing the fitness of E. faecium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Hallenbeck
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
- Center for Predictive Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
| | - Michelle Chua
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
- Center for Predictive Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
| | - James Collins
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
- Center for Predictive Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
- Center for Microbiomics, Inflammation and Pathogenicity, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
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12
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Tadesse BT, Svetlicic E, Zhao S, Berhane N, Jers C, Solem C, Mijakovic I. Bad to the bone? - Genomic analysis of Enterococcus isolates from diverse environments reveals that most are safe and display potential as food fermentation microorganisms. Microbiol Res 2024; 283:127702. [PMID: 38552381 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Enterococci comprise a group of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with considerable potential to serve as food fermentation microorganisms. Unfortunately, enterococci have received a lot of negative attention, due to the occurrence of pathogenic and multidrug resistant strains. In this study, we used genomics to select safe candidates among the forty-four studied enterococcal isolates. The genomes of the forty-four strains were fully sequenced and assessed for presence of virulence and antibiotic resistance genes. Nineteen isolates belonging to the species Enterococcus lactis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus durans, and Enterococcus thailandicus, were deemed safe from the genome analysis. The presence of secondary metabolite gene clusters for bacteriocins was assessed, and twelve candidates were found to secrete antimicrobial compounds effective against Listeria monocytogenes isolated from cheese and Staphylococcus aureus. Physiological characterization revealed nineteen industrial potentials; all strains grew well at 42 °C and acidified 1.5 hours faster than their mesophilic counterpart Lactococcus lactis, with which they share metabolism and flavor forming ability. We conclude that a large fraction of the examined enterococci were safe and could serve as excellent food fermentation microorganisms with inherent bioprotective abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belay Tilahun Tadesse
- National Food Institute, Research Group for Microbial Biotechnology and Biorefining, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ema Svetlicic
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Shuangqing Zhao
- National Food Institute, Research Group for Microbial Biotechnology and Biorefining, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Nega Berhane
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Carsten Jers
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Christian Solem
- National Food Institute, Research Group for Microbial Biotechnology and Biorefining, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark.
| | - Ivan Mijakovic
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; Systems and Synthetic Biology Division, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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13
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Shaker AA, Samir A, Zaher HM, Abdel-Moein KA. Emergence of Virulent Extensively Drug-Resistant Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci Among Diarrheic Pet Animals: A Possible Public Health Threat on the Move. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2024. [PMID: 38800841 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2023.0167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) have become an increasing public health concern in the past few decades, being associated with serious multidrug-resistant (MDR) infections. This study was conducted to investigate the role of diarrheic pet animals as potential reservoirs for virulent extensively drug-resistant (XDR) VRE and their threat on human health. Materials and Methods: Rectal swabs were collected from 153 diarrheic pet animals (80 dogs and 73 cats). The collected swabs were cultured on CHROMagarTMVRE for the isolation of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium, and then suspected colonies were identified as enterococci after Gram staining, conventional biochemical tests, and molecular techniques. VRE were basically identified using the disk diffusion method; however, molecular identification of vanA and vanB genes was carried out among confirmed VRE isolates. Moreover, three virulence genes (cytolysin A, cylA; enterococcal surface protein, esp; and hyaluronidase, hyl) were investigated in VRE isolates. Thereafter, VRE strains that harbored virulence genes were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility. Results: Eighteen out of 153 animals (11.8%) were positive for VRE, which were obtained from 15% and 8.2% of the examined dogs and cats, respectively. None of the obtained isolates carried the vanA gene, whereas the vanB gene was detected in E. faecalis (4/10) with a prevalence rate (40%). Of the obtained VRE isolates, five possessed esp and/or cylA, while all strains were negative for the hyl gene. Furthermore, four virulent VRE isolates exhibited an XDR pattern, and one isolate was MDR. Conclusion: Diarrheic pet animals could represent a potential zoonotic reservoir for virulent XDR vancomycin-resistant E. faecalis, which may have serious public health implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa A Shaker
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Samir
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hala M Zaher
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Khaled A Abdel-Moein
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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14
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Van Looveren N, IJdema F, van der Heijden N, Van Der Borght M, Vandeweyer D. Microbial dynamics and vertical transmission of Escherichia coli across consecutive life stages of the black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens). Anim Microbiome 2024; 6:29. [PMID: 38797818 PMCID: PMC11129375 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-024-00317-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The black soldier fly (BSF, Hermetia illucens L.) is one of the most promising insects for bioconversion of organic waste, which often carry a high microbial load with potential foodborne pathogens. Although horizontal transmission (from rearing substrate to larvae) has been extensively studied, less is known about vertical transmission of microorganisms, and particularly of foodborne pathogens, across different BSF life stages. RESULTS This study investigated the microbial dynamics and vertical transmission of Escherichia coli across different life stages (larvae, prepupae, pupae and adults) of one BSF life cycle and its associated substrate (chicken feed) and frass, based on a combination of general microbial counts (based on culture-dependent techniques) and the bacterial community composition (based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing). Multiple interactions between the microbiota of the substrate, frass and BSF larvae were affirmed. The larvae showed relative consistency among both the microbial counts and bacterial community composition. Diversification of the bacterial communities started during the pupal stage, while most notable changes of the microbial counts and bacterial community compositions occurred during metamorphosis to adults. Furthermore, vertical transmission of E. coli was investigated after substrate inoculation with approximately 7.0 log cfu/g of kanamycin-resistant E. coli, and monitoring E. coli counts from larval to adult stage. Although the frass still contained substantial levels of E. coli (> 4.5 log cfu/g) and E. coli was taken up by the larvae, limited vertical transmission of E. coli was observed with a decreasing trend until the prepupal stage. E. coli counts were below the detection limit (1.0 log cfu/g) for all BSF samples from the end of the pupal stage and the adult stage. Additionally, substrate inoculation of E. coli did not have a substantial impact on the bacterial community composition of the substrate, frass or different BSF life stages. CONCLUSIONS The fluctuating microbial counts and bacterial community composition underscored the dynamic character of the microbiota of BSF life stages. Additionally, vertical transmission throughout one BSF life cycle was not observed for E. coli. Hence, these findings paved the way for future case studies on vertical transmission of foodborne pathogens across consecutive BSF life stages or other insect species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Van Looveren
- KU Leuven, Geel Campus, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), Research Group for Insect Production and Processing, Kleinhoefstraat 4, Geel, 2440, Belgium
| | - Freek IJdema
- KU Leuven, Geel Campus, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), Research Group for Insect Production and Processing, Kleinhoefstraat 4, Geel, 2440, Belgium
| | - Niels van der Heijden
- KU Leuven, Geel Campus, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), Research Group for Insect Production and Processing, Kleinhoefstraat 4, Geel, 2440, Belgium
| | - Mik Van Der Borght
- KU Leuven, Geel Campus, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), Research Group for Insect Production and Processing, Kleinhoefstraat 4, Geel, 2440, Belgium
| | - Dries Vandeweyer
- KU Leuven, Geel Campus, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), Research Group for Insect Production and Processing, Kleinhoefstraat 4, Geel, 2440, Belgium.
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15
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Labecka L, Ķibilds J, Cīrulis A, Čeirāne ED, Zeltiņa I, Reinis A, Vilima B, Rudzīte D, Erts R, Mauliņa I, Bandere D, Krūmiņa A. Evaluation of Antimicrobial Resistancein Clinical Isolates of Enterococcus spp. Obtained from Hospital Patients in Latvia. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:850. [PMID: 38929467 PMCID: PMC11206013 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60060850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objective: Enterococci are typically found in a healthy human gastrointestinal tract but can cause severe infections in immunocompromised patients. Such infections are treated with antibiotics. This study addresses the rising concern of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Enterococci, focusing on the prevalence of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE) strains. Materials and Methods: The pilot study involved 140 Enterococci isolates collected between 2021 and 2022 from two multidisciplinary hospitals (with and without local therapeutic drug monitoring protocol of vancomycin) in Latvia. Microbiological assays and whole genome sequencing were used. AMR gene prevalence with resistance profiles were determined and the genetic relationship and outbreak evaluation were made by applying core genome multi-locus sequence typing (cgMLST). Results: The acquired genes and mutations were responsible for resistance against 10 antimicrobial classes, including 25.0% of isolates expressing resistance to vancomycin, predominantly of the vanB type. Genetic diversity among E. faecalis and E. faecium isolates was observed and seven potential outbreak clusters were identified, three of them containing sequence types ST6, ST78 and ST80. The prevalence of vancomycin resistance was highest in the hospital without a therapeutic drug-monitoring protocol and in E. faecium. Notably, a case of linezolid resistance due to a mutation was documented. Conclusions: The study illustrates the concerning prevalence of multidrug-resistant Enterococci in Latvian hospitals, showcasing the rather widespread occurrence of vancomycin-resistant strains. This highlights the urgency of implementing efficient infection control mechanisms and the need for continuous VRE surveillance in Latvia to define the scope and pattern of the problem, influencing clinical decision making and planning further preventative measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Labecka
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment “BIOR”, Lejupes Street 3, LV-1076 Riga, Latvia (A.C.); (A.K.)
| | - Juris Ķibilds
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment “BIOR”, Lejupes Street 3, LV-1076 Riga, Latvia (A.C.); (A.K.)
| | - Aivars Cīrulis
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment “BIOR”, Lejupes Street 3, LV-1076 Riga, Latvia (A.C.); (A.K.)
- Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Street 1, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
| | - Evelīna Diāna Čeirāne
- Faculty of Medicine, Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema Street 16, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
| | - Indra Zeltiņa
- Department of Infectology, Riga Stradiņš University, Dzirciema Street 16, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia;
- Riga East Clinical University Hospital, Hipokrata Street 2, LV-1038 Riga, Latvia; (D.R.); (I.M.)
| | - Aigars Reinis
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, Riga Stradiņš University, Dzirciema Street 16, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia;
- Pauls Stradiņš Clinical University Hospital, Pilsoņu Street 13, LV-1002 Riga, Latvia
| | - Barba Vilima
- Vidzeme Hospital, Jumaras Street 195, LV-4201 Valmiera, Latvia;
| | - Dace Rudzīte
- Riga East Clinical University Hospital, Hipokrata Street 2, LV-1038 Riga, Latvia; (D.R.); (I.M.)
| | - Renārs Erts
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Raiņa bulvāris 19, LV-1586 Riga, Latvia;
| | - Inga Mauliņa
- Riga East Clinical University Hospital, Hipokrata Street 2, LV-1038 Riga, Latvia; (D.R.); (I.M.)
- Vidzeme Hospital, Jumaras Street 195, LV-4201 Valmiera, Latvia;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Riga Stradiņš University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia;
| | - Dace Bandere
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Riga Stradiņš University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia;
- Baltic Biomaterials Centre of Excellence, Headquarters at Riga Technical University, LV-1658 Riga, Latvia
| | - Angelika Krūmiņa
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment “BIOR”, Lejupes Street 3, LV-1076 Riga, Latvia (A.C.); (A.K.)
- Department of Infectology, Riga Stradiņš University, Dzirciema Street 16, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia;
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16
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van Heule M, El-Sheikh Ali H, Monteiro HF, Scoggin K, Fedorka C, Weimer BC, Ball B, Daels P, Dini P. Characterization of the equine placental microbial population during nocardioform placentitis. Theriogenology 2024; 225:172-179. [PMID: 38810343 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Nocardioform placentitis is a poorly understood disease of equine late gestation. The presence of nocardioform, filamentous branching gram-positive bacteria, has been linked to the disease, with Crossiella equi, Amycolatopsis spp., and Streptomyces spp. being the most frequently identified bacteria. However, these bacteria are not found in all clinical cases in addition to being isolated from healthy, normal postpartum placentas. To better understand this form of placentitis, we analyzed the microbial composition in the equine placenta (chorioallantois) of both healthy postpartum (control; n = 11) and nocardioform-affected samples (n = 22) using 16S rDNA sequencing. We found a lower Shannon index in nocardioform samples, a higher Chao1 index in nocardioform samples, and a difference in beta diversity between control and nocardioform samples (p < 0.05), suggesting the presence of dysbiosis during the disease. In the majority of the NP samples (77 %), one of the following genera-Amycolatopsis, Crossiella, Lentzea, an unidentified member of the Pseudonocardiaceae family, Mycobacterium, or Enterococcus -represented over 70 % of the relative abundance. Overall, the data suggest that a broader spectrum of potential opportunistic pathogens could be involved in nocardioform placentitis, extending beyond the traditionally recognized bacteria, resulting in a similar histomorphological profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Machteld van Heule
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA; Department of Morphology, Imaging, Orthopedics, Rehabilitation and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ghent, Merelbeke, 9800, Belgium
| | - Hossam El-Sheikh Ali
- Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40503, USA
| | - Hugo Fernando Monteiro
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Kirsten Scoggin
- Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40503, USA
| | - Carleigh Fedorka
- Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40503, USA
| | - Bart C Weimer
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Barry Ball
- Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40503, USA
| | - Peter Daels
- Department of Morphology, Imaging, Orthopedics, Rehabilitation and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ghent, Merelbeke, 9800, Belgium
| | - Pouya Dini
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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17
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Elnar AG, Kim GB. In Vitro and In Silico Characterization of N-Formylated Two-Peptide Bacteriocin from Enterococcus faecalis CAUM157 with Anti-Listeria Activity. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024:10.1007/s12602-024-10265-9. [PMID: 38743207 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-024-10265-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis CAUM157 (KACC 81148BP), a Gram-positive bacteria isolated from raw cow's milk, was studied for its bacteriocin production. The antimicrobial activity of CAUM157 was attributed to a two-peptide class IIb bacteriocin with potent activity against food-borne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes and periodontal disease-causing pathogens (Prevotella intermedia KCTC 15693 T and Fusobacterium nucleatum KCTC 2488 T). M157 bacteriocins exhibit high temperature and pH stability and resist hydrolytic enzyme degradation and detergent denaturation, potentially due to their structural conformation. Based on amino acid sequence, M157A and M157B were predicted to be 5.176 kDa and 5.182 kDa in size, respectively. However, purified bacteriocins and chemically synthesized N-formylated M157 peptides both showed 5.204 kDa (M157A) and 5.209 kDa (M157B) molecular mass, confirming the formylation of the N-terminal methionine of both peptides produced by strain CAUM157. Furthermore, the strain demonstrated favorable growth and fermentation with minimal bacteriocin production when cultured in whey-based media, whereas a 1.0% tryptone or soytone supplementation resulted in higher bacteriocin production. Although Ent. faecalis CAUM157 innately harbors genes for virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance (e.g., tetracycline and erythromycin), its bacteriocin production is valuable in circumventing the need for live microorganisms, particularly in food applications for pathogen control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arxel G Elnar
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun-Bae Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 17546, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Chen C, Li D, Shang Y, Lin Z, Wen Z, Li P, Yu Z, Chen Z, Liu X. Antibacterial Activity and Mechanism of Candesartan Cilexetil against Enterococcus faecalis. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:21510-21519. [PMID: 38764675 PMCID: PMC11097336 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c02153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis infections pose a significant clinical challenge due to their multidrug resistance and propensity for biofilm formation. Exploring alternative treatment options, such as repurposing existing drugs, is crucial in addressing this issue. This study investigates the antibacterial activity of candesartan cilexetil against E. faecalis and elucidates its mechanism of action. Candesartan cilexetil exhibited notable antibacterial activity against both E. faecalis and Enterococcus faecium, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ≤25 μM. Time-kill curves demonstrated concentration-dependent bactericidal effects. Candesartan cilexetil could significantly inhibited biofilm formation at the concentration of 1/4× MIC and induced alterations in biofilm structure. Permeability assays revealed compromised bacterial membranes, accompanied by the dissipation of membrane potential in E. faecalis cells after treatment with candesartan cilexetil. Checkerboard analysis showed that bacterial membrane phospholipids phosphatidylglycerol and cardiolipin could neutralize the antibacterial activity of candesartan cilexetil in a dose-dependent manner. Biolayer interferometry (BLI) assay indicated specific interactions between candesartan cilexetil and phosphatidylglycerol or cardiolipin. This study demonstrates the promising antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of candesartan cilexetil against multidrug-resistant E. faecalis. The mechanism of action involves disruption of bacterial membranes, possibly by interacting with membrane phospholipids. These findings underscore the potential utility of candesartan cilexetil as an effective therapeutic agent for combating E. faecalis infections, offering a valuable strategy in the battle against antibiotic-resistant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Zewen Wen
- Department of Infectious
Diseases and Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Endogenous Infections, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union
Shenzhen Hospital, No. 89 Taoyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518052, China
| | - Peiyu Li
- Department of Infectious
Diseases and Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Endogenous Infections, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union
Shenzhen Hospital, No. 89 Taoyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518052, China
| | - Zhijian Yu
- Department of Infectious
Diseases and Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Endogenous Infections, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union
Shenzhen Hospital, No. 89 Taoyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518052, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Infectious
Diseases and Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Endogenous Infections, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union
Shenzhen Hospital, No. 89 Taoyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518052, China
| | - Xiaoju Liu
- Department of Infectious
Diseases and Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Endogenous Infections, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union
Shenzhen Hospital, No. 89 Taoyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518052, China
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19
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Ermolenko E, Baryshnikova N, Alekhina G, Zakharenko A, Ten O, Kashchenko V, Novikova N, Gushchina O, Ovchinnikov T, Morozova A, Ilina A, Karaseva A, Tsapieva A, Gladyshev N, Dmitriev A, Suvorov A. Autoprobiotics in the Treatment of Patients with Colorectal Cancer in the Early Postoperative Period. Microorganisms 2024; 12:980. [PMID: 38792809 PMCID: PMC11124500 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12050980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite great advances in the treatment of oncological diseases, the development of medical technologies to prevent or reduce complications of therapy, in particular, those associated with surgery and the introduction of antibiotics, remains relevant. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of autoprobiotics based on indigenous non-pathogenic strains of Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus hirae as a personalized functional food product (PFFP) in the complex therapy of colorectal cancer (CRC) in the early postoperative period. A total of 36 patients diagnosed with CRC were enrolled in the study. Study group A comprised 24 CRC patients who received autoprobiotic therapy in the early postoperative period, while the control group C included 12 CRC patients without autoprobiotic therapy. Prior to surgery and between days 14 and 16 post-surgery, comprehensive evaluations were conducted on all patients, encompassing the following: stool and gastroenterological complaints analysis, examination of the gut microbiota (bacteriological study, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, metagenome analysis), and analysis of interleukins in the serum. Results: The use of autoprobiotics led to a decrease in dyspeptic complaints after surgery. It was also associated with the absence of postoperative complications, did not cause any side effects, and led to a decrease in the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and IL-18) in the blood serum. The use of autoprobiotics led to positive changes in the structure of escherichia and enterococci populations, the elimination of Parvomonas micra and Fusobacterium nucleatum, and a decrease in the quantitative content of Clostridium perfringens and Akkermansia muciniphila. Metagenomic analysis (16S rRNA) revealed an increase in alpha diversity. Conclusion: The introduction of autoprobiotics in the postoperative period is a highly effective and safe approach in the complex treatment of CRC. Future studies will allow the discovery of additional fine mechanisms of autoprobiotic therapy and its impact on the digestive, immune, endocrine, and neural systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Ermolenko
- Scientific and Educational Center “Molecular Bases of Interaction of Microorganisms and Human”, World-Class Research Center “Center for Personalized Medicine”, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 197376 St-Petersburg, Russia; (E.E.); (A.M.); (A.T.); (N.G.)
| | - Natalia Baryshnikova
- Scientific and Educational Center “Molecular Bases of Interaction of Microorganisms and Human”, World-Class Research Center “Center for Personalized Medicine”, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 197376 St-Petersburg, Russia; (E.E.); (A.M.); (A.T.); (N.G.)
- Department of Internal Disease of Stomatology Faculty, Pavlov First St-Petersburg State Medical University, 197022 St-Petersburg, Russia
- Laboratory of Medico-Social Problems of Pediatry, St-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, 194100 St-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Galina Alekhina
- Scientific and Educational Center “Molecular Bases of Interaction of Microorganisms and Human”, World-Class Research Center “Center for Personalized Medicine”, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 197376 St-Petersburg, Russia; (E.E.); (A.M.); (A.T.); (N.G.)
| | - Alexander Zakharenko
- Oncology Department, Pavlov First St-Petersburg State Medical University, 197022 St-Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Oleg Ten
- North-Western District Scientific and Clinical Center Named after L. G. Sokolov, 194291 St-Petersburg, Russia (O.G.)
| | - Victor Kashchenko
- Department of Faculty Surgery, St-Petersburg State University, 199034 St-Petersburg, Russia;
- Beloostrov High Technology Clinic (MMC VT LLC), 188652 Leningrad Region, Russia
| | - Nadezhda Novikova
- Scientific and Educational Center “Molecular Bases of Interaction of Microorganisms and Human”, World-Class Research Center “Center for Personalized Medicine”, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 197376 St-Petersburg, Russia; (E.E.); (A.M.); (A.T.); (N.G.)
| | - Olga Gushchina
- North-Western District Scientific and Clinical Center Named after L. G. Sokolov, 194291 St-Petersburg, Russia (O.G.)
| | - Timofey Ovchinnikov
- North-Western District Scientific and Clinical Center Named after L. G. Sokolov, 194291 St-Petersburg, Russia (O.G.)
| | - Anastasia Morozova
- Scientific and Educational Center “Molecular Bases of Interaction of Microorganisms and Human”, World-Class Research Center “Center for Personalized Medicine”, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 197376 St-Petersburg, Russia; (E.E.); (A.M.); (A.T.); (N.G.)
| | - Anastasia Ilina
- Scientific and Educational Center “Molecular Bases of Interaction of Microorganisms and Human”, World-Class Research Center “Center for Personalized Medicine”, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 197376 St-Petersburg, Russia; (E.E.); (A.M.); (A.T.); (N.G.)
| | - Alena Karaseva
- Scientific and Educational Center “Molecular Bases of Interaction of Microorganisms and Human”, World-Class Research Center “Center for Personalized Medicine”, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 197376 St-Petersburg, Russia; (E.E.); (A.M.); (A.T.); (N.G.)
- Microbiology Department, St-Petersburg State University, 199034 St-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anna Tsapieva
- Scientific and Educational Center “Molecular Bases of Interaction of Microorganisms and Human”, World-Class Research Center “Center for Personalized Medicine”, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 197376 St-Petersburg, Russia; (E.E.); (A.M.); (A.T.); (N.G.)
| | - Nikita Gladyshev
- Scientific and Educational Center “Molecular Bases of Interaction of Microorganisms and Human”, World-Class Research Center “Center for Personalized Medicine”, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 197376 St-Petersburg, Russia; (E.E.); (A.M.); (A.T.); (N.G.)
| | - Alexander Dmitriev
- Scientific and Educational Center “Molecular Bases of Interaction of Microorganisms and Human”, World-Class Research Center “Center for Personalized Medicine”, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 197376 St-Petersburg, Russia; (E.E.); (A.M.); (A.T.); (N.G.)
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Saint-Petersburg State Institute of Technology, 190013 St-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexander Suvorov
- Scientific and Educational Center “Molecular Bases of Interaction of Microorganisms and Human”, World-Class Research Center “Center for Personalized Medicine”, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 197376 St-Petersburg, Russia; (E.E.); (A.M.); (A.T.); (N.G.)
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20
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Wang Z, Liu D, Zhang J, Liu L, Zhang Z, Liu C, Hu S, Wu L, He Z, Sun H. Genomic epidemiology reveals multiple mechanisms of linezolid resistance in clinical enterococci in China. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2024; 23:41. [PMID: 38704577 PMCID: PMC11070108 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-024-00689-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infections caused by linezolid-resistant enterococci (LRE) are clinically difficult to treat and threaten patient health. However, there is a lack of studies on long time-span LRE strains in China. For this reason, our study comprehensively revealed the resistance mechanisms of LRE strains collected in a Chinese tertiary care hospital from 2011 to 2022. METHODS Enterococcal strains were screened and verified after retrospective analysis of microbial data. Subsequently, 65 LRE strains (61 Enterococcus faecalis and 4 Enterococcus faecium, MIC ≥ 8 µg/ml), 1 linezolid-intermediate Enterococcus faecium (MIC = 4 µg/ml) and 1 linezolid-susceptible Enterococcus faecium (MIC = 1.5 µg/ml) were submitted for whole-genome sequencing (WGS) analysis and bioinformatics analysis. RESULTS The optrA gene was found to be the most common linezolid resistance mechanism in our study. We identified the wild-type OptrA and various OptrA variants in 98.5% of LRE strains (61 Enterococcus faecalis and 3 Enterococcus faecium). We also found one linezolid-resistant Enterococcus faecium strain carried both optrA and cfr(D) gene, while one linezolid-resistant Enterococcus faecium only harbored the poxtA gene. Most optrA genes (55/64) were located on plasmids, with impB-fexA-optrA, impB-fexA-optrA-erm(A), fexA-optrA-erm(A), and fexA-optrA segments. A minority of optrA genes (9/64) were found on chromosomes with the Tn6674-like platform. Besides, other possible linezolid resistance-associated mechanisms (mutations in the rplC and rplD genes) were also found in 26 enterococcal strains. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggested that multiple mechanisms of linezolid resistance exist among clinical LRE strains in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziran Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No.1 Shuaifuyuan Wangfujing, Dongcheng, Beijing, 100730, P.R. China
| | - Danping Liu
- School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Rd37, xueyuan, Haidian, Beijing, 100191, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, Beihang University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjia Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No.1 Shuaifuyuan Wangfujing, Dongcheng, Beijing, 100730, P.R. China
| | - Lingli Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No.1 Shuaifuyuan Wangfujing, Dongcheng, Beijing, 100730, P.R. China
| | - Zeming Zhang
- School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Rd37, xueyuan, Haidian, Beijing, 100191, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, Beihang University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Huaxin Hospital, The First Hospital of Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Songnian Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Linhuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Microbial Resource and Big Data Center, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zilong He
- School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Rd37, xueyuan, Haidian, Beijing, 100191, P.R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, Beihang University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.
| | - Hongli Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No.1 Shuaifuyuan Wangfujing, Dongcheng, Beijing, 100730, P.R. China.
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21
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Mason AK, Adams L, Garner MM. Bacterial abscesses in whitespotted bamboo sharks (Chiloscyllium plagiosum) in managed care. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2024; 47:e13917. [PMID: 38242861 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Sixteen whitespotted bamboo sharks (Chiloscyllium plagiosum) with histologically similar bacterial abscesses were submitted to Northwest ZooPath from nine zoo and aquarium institutions over a 17-year period. These abscesses were characterized by inflammatory cell infiltrates and necrosis with intralesional small, Gram-positive, acid-fast negative, cocci bacteria. The clinical presentation, histologic findings, and culture results indicate that Enterococcus faecalis is a relatively common cause of these lesions in whitespotted bamboo sharks. This organism also provides a treatment challenge due to its inherent antibiotic-resistant properties and ability to form biofilms, confounding the host's immune response. Enterococcus faecalis represents an important cause for abscess formation and cellulitis in captive whitespotted bamboo sharks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lance Adams
- Aquarium of the Pacific, Long Beach, California, USA
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22
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Geistlinger L, Mirzayi C, Zohra F, Azhar R, Elsafoury S, Grieve C, Wokaty J, Gamboa-Tuz SD, Sengupta P, Hecht I, Ravikrishnan A, Gonçalves RS, Franzosa E, Raman K, Carey V, Dowd JB, Jones HE, Davis S, Segata N, Huttenhower C, Waldron L. BugSigDB captures patterns of differential abundance across a broad range of host-associated microbial signatures. Nat Biotechnol 2024; 42:790-802. [PMID: 37697152 PMCID: PMC11098749 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-023-01872-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
The literature of human and other host-associated microbiome studies is expanding rapidly, but systematic comparisons among published results of host-associated microbiome signatures of differential abundance remain difficult. We present BugSigDB, a community-editable database of manually curated microbial signatures from published differential abundance studies accompanied by information on study geography, health outcomes, host body site and experimental, epidemiological and statistical methods using controlled vocabulary. The initial release of the database contains >2,500 manually curated signatures from >600 published studies on three host species, enabling high-throughput analysis of signature similarity, taxon enrichment, co-occurrence and coexclusion and consensus signatures. These data allow assessment of microbiome differential abundance within and across experimental conditions, environments or body sites. Database-wide analysis reveals experimental conditions with the highest level of consistency in signatures reported by independent studies and identifies commonalities among disease-associated signatures, including frequent introgression of oral pathobionts into the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludwig Geistlinger
- Center for Computational Biomedicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chloe Mirzayi
- Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health, City University of New York School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, City University of New York School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fatima Zohra
- Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health, City University of New York School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, City University of New York School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rimsha Azhar
- Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health, City University of New York School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, City University of New York School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shaimaa Elsafoury
- Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health, City University of New York School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, City University of New York School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Clare Grieve
- Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health, City University of New York School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, City University of New York School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer Wokaty
- Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health, City University of New York School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, City University of New York School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Samuel David Gamboa-Tuz
- Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health, City University of New York School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, City University of New York School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pratyay Sengupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Madras, Chennai, India
- Robert Bosch Centre for Data Science and Artificial Intelligence, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Madras, Chennai, India
- Centre for Integrative Biology and Systems mEdicine (IBSE), Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Madras, Chennai, India
| | | | - Aarthi Ravikrishnan
- Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Rafael S Gonçalves
- Center for Computational Biomedicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric Franzosa
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Chan Microbiome in Public Health Center, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Karthik Raman
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Madras, Chennai, India
- Robert Bosch Centre for Data Science and Artificial Intelligence, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Madras, Chennai, India
- Centre for Integrative Biology and Systems mEdicine (IBSE), Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Vincent Carey
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer B Dowd
- Leverhulme Centre for Demographic Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Heidi E Jones
- Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health, City University of New York School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, City University of New York School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sean Davis
- Departments of Biomedical Informatics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz School of Medicine, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Nicola Segata
- Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
- Istituto Europeo di Oncologia (IEO) IRCSS, Milan, Italy
| | - Curtis Huttenhower
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Chan Microbiome in Public Health Center, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Levi Waldron
- Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health, City University of New York School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, City University of New York School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA.
- Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy.
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23
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Liyanarachi KV, Mohus RM, Rogne T, Gustad LT, Åsvold BO, Romundstad S, Solligård E, Hallan S, Damås JK. Chronic kidney disease and risk of bloodstream infections and sepsis: a 17-year follow-up of the population-based Trøndelag Health Study in Norway. Infection 2024:10.1007/s15010-024-02265-2. [PMID: 38679665 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-024-02265-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Bloodstream infections (BSI) and sepsis are important causes of hospitalization, loss of health, and death globally. Targetable risk factors need to be identified to improve prevention and treatment. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the association of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and risk of and mortality from BSI and sepsis in the general population during a 22-year period. METHODS We conducted a prospective cohort study among participants in the population-based Norwegian HUNT Study, where 68,438 participated. The median follow-up time was 17.4 years. The exposures were estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR) in urine. The outcomes were hazard ratios (HR) of hospital admission or death due to BSI or sepsis. The associations were adjusted for age, sex, diabetes, obesity, systolic blood pressure, smoking status, and cardiovascular disease. RESULTS Participants with eGFR < 30 ml/min/1.732 had HR 3.35 for BSI (95% confidence intervals (CI) 2.12-5.3) and HR 2.94 for sepsis (95% CI 1.82-4.8) compared to normal eGFR (≥ 90 ml/min/1.732). HRs of death from BSI and sepsis were 4.2 (95% CI 1.71-10.4) and 4.1 (95% CI 1.88-8.9), respectively. Participants with severely increased albuminuria (ACR > 30 mg/mmol) had HR 3.60 for BSI (95% CI 2.30-5.6) and 3.14 for sepsis (95% CI 1.94-5.1) compared to normal albumin excretion (ACR < 3 mg/mmol). HRs of death were 2.67 (95% CI 0.82-8.7) and 2.16 (95% CI 0.78-6.0), respectively. CONCLUSION In this large population-based cohort study, CKD was clearly associated with an increased risk of BSI and sepsis and related death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Vardheim Liyanarachi
- Mid-Norway Center for Sepsis Research, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Randi Marie Mohus
- Mid-Norway Center for Sepsis Research, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Clinic of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tormod Rogne
- Mid-Norway Center for Sepsis Research, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Yale Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology and Center for Perinatal, Pediatric and Environmental Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lise Tuset Gustad
- Mid-Norway Center for Sepsis Research, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Nord University, Levanger, Norway
- Department of Internal Medicine, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - Bjørn Olav Åsvold
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Endocrinology, Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, HUNT Research Center, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
| | - Solfrid Romundstad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Erik Solligård
- Mid-Norway Center for Sepsis Research, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Helse Møre Og Romsdal Hospital Trust, Ålesund, Norway
| | - Stein Hallan
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Nephrology, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jan Kristian Damås
- Mid-Norway Center for Sepsis Research, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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24
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Klupt S, Fam KT, Zhang X, Chodisetti PK, Mehmood A, Boyd T, Grotjahn D, Park D, Hang HC. Secreted antigen A peptidoglycan hydrolase is essential for Enterococcus faecium cell separation and priming of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.11.19.567738. [PMID: 38014356 PMCID: PMC10680833 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.19.567738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Enterococcus faecium is a microbiota species in humans that can modulate host immunity1, but has also acquired antibiotic resistance and is a major cause of hospital-associated infections2. Notably, diverse strains of E. faecium produce SagA, a highly conserved peptidoglycan hydrolase that is sufficient to promote intestinal immunity3-5 and immune checkpoint inhibitor antitumor activity6. However, the functions of SagA in E. faecium were unknown. Here we report that deletion of sagA impaired E. faecium growth and resulted in bulged and clustered enterococci due to defective peptidoglycan cleavage and cell separation. Moreover, ΔsagA showed increased antibiotic sensitivity, yielded lower levels of active muropeptides, displayed reduced activation of the peptidoglycan pattern-recognition receptor NOD2, and failed to promote cancer immunotherapy. Importantly, plasmid-based expression of SagA, but not its catalytically-inactive mutant, restored ΔsagA growth, production of active muropeptides and NOD2 activation. SagA is therefore essential for E. faecium growth, stress resistance and activation of host immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Klupt
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
- Contributed equally
| | - Kyong Tkhe Fam
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
- Contributed equally
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
- Contributed equally
| | - Pavan Kumar Chodisetti
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Abeera Mehmood
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Tumara Boyd
- Department of Integrative Structural & Computational Biology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Danielle Grotjahn
- Department of Integrative Structural & Computational Biology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Donghyun Park
- Department of Integrative Structural & Computational Biology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Howard C. Hang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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25
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Straub TJ, Lombardo MJ, Bryant JA, Diao L, Lodise TP, Freedberg DE, Wortman JR, Litcofsky KD, Hasson BR, McGovern BH, Ford CB, Henn MR. Impact of a Purified Microbiome Therapeutic on Abundance of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Patients With Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection. Clin Infect Dis 2024; 78:833-841. [PMID: 37823484 PMCID: PMC11006105 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciad636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gastrointestinal microbiota is an important line of defense against colonization with antimicrobial resistant (AR) bacteria. In this post hoc analysis of the phase 3 ECOSPOR III trial, we assessed impact of a microbiota-based oral therapeutic (fecal microbiota spores, live; VOWST Oral Spores [VOS], formerly SER-109]; Seres Therapeutics) compared with placebo, on AR gene (ARG) abundance in patients with recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (rCDI). METHODS Adults with rCDI were randomized to receive VOS or placebo orally for 3 days following standard-of-care antibiotics. ARG and taxonomic profiles were generated using whole metagenomic sequencing of stool at baseline and weeks 1, 2, 8, and 24 posttreatment. RESULTS Baseline (n = 151) and serial posttreatment stool samples collected through 24 weeks (total N = 472) from 182 patients (59.9% female; mean age: 65.5 years) in ECOSPOR III as well as 68 stool samples obtained at a single time point from a healthy cohort were analyzed. Baseline ARG abundance was similar between arms and significantly elevated versus the healthy cohort. By week 1, there was a greater decline in ARG abundance in VOS versus placebo (P = .003) in association with marked decline of Proteobacteria and repletion of spore-forming Firmicutes, as compared with baseline. We observed abundance of Proteobacteria and non-spore-forming Firmicutes were associated with ARG abundance, while spore-forming Firmicutes abundance was negatively associated. CONCLUSIONS This proof-of-concept analysis suggests that microbiome remodeling with Firmicutes spores may be a potential novel approach to reduce ARG colonization in the gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Liyang Diao
- Seres Therapeutics, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Thomas P Lodise
- Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Daniel E Freedberg
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Columbia University Irving Medical Center–New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
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Maier L, Stein-Thoeringer C, Ley RE, Brötz-Oesterhelt H, Link H, Ziemert N, Wagner S, Peschel A. Integrating research on bacterial pathogens and commensals to fight infections-an ecological perspective. THE LANCET. MICROBE 2024:S2666-5247(24)00049-1. [PMID: 38608681 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-5247(24)00049-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
The incidence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections is increasing, and development of new antibiotics has been deprioritised by the pharmaceutical industry. Interdisciplinary research approaches, based on the ecological principles of bacterial fitness, competition, and transmission, could open new avenues to combat antibiotic-resistant infections. Many facultative bacterial pathogens use human mucosal surfaces as their major reservoirs and induce infectious diseases to aid their lateral transmission to new host organisms under some pathological states of the microbiome and host. Beneficial bacterial commensals can outcompete specific pathogens, thereby lowering the capacity of the pathogens to spread and cause serious infections. Despite the clinical relevance, however, the understanding of commensal-pathogen interactions in their natural habitats remains poor. In this Personal View, we highlight directions to intensify research on the interactions between bacterial pathogens and commensals in the context of human microbiomes and host biology that can lead to the development of innovative and sustainable ways of preventing and treating infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Maier
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Cluster of Excellence "Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections" (CMFI), Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Infection Research, partner site, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Stein-Thoeringer
- Cluster of Excellence "Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections" (CMFI), Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Infection Research, partner site, Tübingen, Germany; Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ruth E Ley
- Cluster of Excellence "Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections" (CMFI), Tübingen, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Biology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Heike Brötz-Oesterhelt
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Cluster of Excellence "Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections" (CMFI), Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Infection Research, partner site, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hannes Link
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Cluster of Excellence "Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections" (CMFI), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nadine Ziemert
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Cluster of Excellence "Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections" (CMFI), Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Infection Research, partner site, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Samuel Wagner
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Cluster of Excellence "Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections" (CMFI), Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Infection Research, partner site, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Peschel
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Cluster of Excellence "Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections" (CMFI), Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Infection Research, partner site, Tübingen, Germany.
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Li H, Pu X, Lin Y, Yu X, Li J, Bo L, Wang H, Xu Y, Li X, Zheng D. Sijunzi decoction alleviates inflammation and intestinal epithelial barrier damage and modulates the gut microbiota in ulcerative colitis mice. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1360972. [PMID: 38650625 PMCID: PMC11033371 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1360972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Ethnopharmacological relevance As a representative classical prescription, Sijunzi decoction has powerful therapeutic effects on spleen-stomach qi insufficiency. Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic, diffuse, and non-specifically inflammatory disorder, the etiology of which still remains unclear. In the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) perspective, splenic asthenia is the primary cause of UC. Based on this, Sijunzi decoction has been extensively used in TCM clinical practice to alleviate UC in recent years. However, the pharmacological mechanism of Sijunzi decoction in modern medicine is still not completely clear, which limits its clinical application. Aim of the study The purpose of this study was to investigate the Sijunzi decoction's curative effect on acute UC mice and probe into its potential pharmacological mechanism. Materials and methods The UC mouse model was set up by freely ingesting a 3% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) solution. The relieving role of Sijunzi decoction on UC in mice was analyzed by evaluating the changes in clinical parameters, colon morphology, histopathology, inflammatory factor content, intestinal epithelial barrier protein expression level, and gut microbiota balance state. Finally, multivariate statistical analysis was conducted to elucidate the relationship between inflammatory factors, intestinal epithelial barrier proteins, and gut microbiota. Results First, the research findings revealed that Sijunzi decoction could visibly ease the clinical manifestation of UC, lower the DAI score, and attenuate colonic damage. Moreover, Sijunzi decoction could also significantly inhibit IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α while increasing occludin and ZO-1 expression levels. Subsequently, further studies showed that Sijunzi decoction could remodel gut microbiota homeostasis. Sijunzi decoction was beneficial in regulating the levels of Alistipes, Akkermansia, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, and other bacteria. Finally, multivariate statistical analysis demonstrated that key gut microbes were closely associated with inflammatory factors and intestinal epithelial barrier proteins. Conclusion Sijunzi decoction can significantly prevent and treat UC. Its mechanism is strongly associated with the improvement of inflammation and intestinal epithelial barrier damage by regulating the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailun Li
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Huai’an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai’an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xing Pu
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Huai’an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai’an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongtao Lin
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Jiangsu College of Nursing, Huai’an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinxin Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Huai’an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai’an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Huai’an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai’an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lin Bo
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Huai’an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai’an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongwu Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Huai’an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai’an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Huai’an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai’an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Huai’an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai’an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Donghui Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Huai’an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai’an, Jiangsu, China
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Dreyer A, Lenz C, Groß U, Bohne W, Zautner AE. Comparative analysis of proteomic adaptations in Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium after long term bile acid exposure. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:110. [PMID: 38570789 PMCID: PMC10988882 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03253-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND All gastrointestinal pathogens, including Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium, undergo adaptation processes during colonization and infection. In this study, we investigated by data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry (DIA-MS) two crucial adaptations of these two Enterococcus species at the proteome level. Firstly, we examined the adjustments to cope with bile acid concentrations at 0.05% that the pathogens encounter during a potential gallbladder infection. Therefore, we chose the primary bile acids cholic acid (CA) and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) as well as the secondary bile acid deoxycholic acid (DCA), as these are the most prominent bile acids. Secondly, we investigated the adaptations from an aerobic to a microaerophilic environment, as encountered after oral-fecal infection, in the absence and presence of deoxycholic acid (DCA). RESULTS Our findings showed similarities, but also species-specific variations in the response to the different bile acids. Both Enterococcus species showed an IC50 in the range of 0.01- 0.023% for DCA and CDCA in growth experiments and both species were resistant towards 0.05% CA. DCA and CDCA had a strong effect on down-expression of proteins involved in translation, transcription and replication in E. faecalis (424 down-expressed proteins with DCA, 376 down-expressed proteins with CDCA) and in E. faecium (362 down-expressed proteins with DCA, 391 down-expressed proteins with CDCA). Proteins commonly significantly altered in their expression in all bile acid treated samples were identified for both species and represent a "general bile acid response". Among these, various subunits of a V-type ATPase, different ABC-transporters, multi-drug transporters and proteins related to cell wall biogenesis were up-expressed in both species and thus seem to play an essential role in bile acid resistance. Most of the differentially expressed proteins were also identified when E. faecalis was incubated with low levels of DCA at microaerophilic conditions instead of aerobic conditions, indicating that adaptations to bile acids and to a microaerophilic atmosphere can occur simultaneously. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these findings provide a detailed insight into the proteomic stress response of two Enterococcus species and help to understand the resistance potential and the stress-coping mechanisms of these important gastrointestinal bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Dreyer
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Virology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christof Lenz
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Uwe Groß
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Virology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Bohne
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Virology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Erich Zautner
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Virology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Center for Health and Medical Prevention (CHaMP), Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.
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Choi GH, Fugaban JII, Dioso CM, Bucheli JEV, Holzapfel WH, Todorov SD. Safety and Beneficial Properties of Bacteriocinogenic Lactococcus lactis and Pediococcus pentosaceus Strains, and Their Effect Versus Oral Cavity Related and Antibiotic-Resistant Pathogens. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024:10.1007/s12602-024-10245-z. [PMID: 38564170 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-024-10245-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Pediococcus pentosaceus 732, Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis 431, and Lactococcus lactis 808, bacteriocinogenic strains previously isolated from kimchi and banana, were investigated for their safety, beneficial properties and in vitro inhibition of pathogens such as Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 15313 and Staphylococcus simulans KACC 13241 and Staphylococcus auricularis KACC 13252. The results of performed physiological, biochemical, and biomolecular tests suggest that these strains can be deemed safe, as no virulence genes were detected in their DNA. Notably, only the gad gene associated with GABA production was identified in the DNA isolated of Lc. lactis 808 and Lc. lactis subsp. lactis 431 strains. All tested LAB strains exhibited γ-hemolysins and were non-producers of gelatinase and biogenic amines, which suggested their safety potential. Additionally, they were relatively susceptible to antibiotics except for streptomycin, tobramycin, and vancomycin for Pd. pentosaceus 732. The growth of Pd. pentosaceus 732, Lc. lactis subsp. lactis 431, and Lc. lactis 808 and their survival were minimally affected by up to 3% ox bile and low pH (except pH 2.0 and 4.0). Moreover, these LAB strains were not inhibited by various commercial extracts as well as most of the tested medications tested in the study. They did not produce proteolytic enzymes but exhibited production of D/L-lactic acid and β-galactosidase. They were also hydrophilic. Furthermore, their survival in artificial saliva, gastric simulation, and enteric passage was measured followed by a challenge test to assess their ability to inhibit the selected oral pathogens in an oral saliva model conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gee Hyeun Choi
- ProBacLab, Department of Advanced Convergence, Handong Global University, 37554, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Joanna Ivy Irorita Fugaban
- ProBacLab, Department of Advanced Convergence, Handong Global University, 37554, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Building 202, Rm. 3.234, Kongens Lyngby, 2800, Kemitorvet, Denmark
| | - Clarizza May Dioso
- HEM Laboratory, Department of Advanced Convergence, Handong Global University, 37554, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Jorge Enrique Vazquez Bucheli
- ProBacLab, Department of Advanced Convergence, Handong Global University, 37554, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
- HEM Laboratory, Department of Advanced Convergence, Handong Global University, 37554, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Wilhelm Heinrich Holzapfel
- HEM Laboratory, Department of Advanced Convergence, Handong Global University, 37554, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Svetoslav Dimitrov Todorov
- ProBacLab, Department of Advanced Convergence, Handong Global University, 37554, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea.
- ProBacLab, Laboratório de Microbiologia de Alimentos, Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição Experimental, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil.
- CISAS - Center for Research and Development in Agrifood Systems and Sustainability, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, 4900-347, Viana Do Castelo, Portugal.
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Hansen SGK, Klein K, Nymark A, Andersen L, Gradel KO, Lis-Toender J, Oestergaard C, Chen M, Datcu R, Skov MN, Holm A, Rosenvinge FS. Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium: impact of ending screening and isolation in a Danish University hospital. J Hosp Infect 2024; 146:82-92. [PMID: 38360093 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2024.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substantial resources are used in hospitals worldwide to counteract the ever-increasing incidence of vancomycin-resistant and vancomycin-variable Enterococcus faecium (VREfm and VVEfm), but it is important to balance patient safety, infection prevention, and hospital costs. AIM To investigate the impact of ending VREfm/VVEfm screening and isolation at Odense University Hospital (OUH), Denmark, on patient and clinical characteristics, risk of bacteraemia, and mortality of VREfm/VVEfm disease at OUH. The burden of VREfm/VVEfm bacteraemia at OUH and the three collaborative hospitals in the Region of Southern Denmark (RSD) was also investigated. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was conducted including first-time VREfm/VVEfm clinical isolates (index isolates) detected at OUH and collaborative hospitals in the period 2015-2022. The intervention period with screening and isolation was from 2015 to 2021, and the post-intervention period was 2022. Information about clinical isolates was retrieved from microbiological databases. Patient data were obtained from hospital records. FINDINGS At OUH, 436 patients were included in the study, with 285 in the intervention period and 151 in the post-intervention period. Ending screening and isolation was followed by an increased number of index isolates. Besides a change in van genes, only minor non-significant changes were detected in all the other investigated parameters. Mortality within 30 days did not reflect the VREfm/VVEfm-attributable deaths, and in only four cases was VREfm/VVEfm infection the likely cause of death. CONCLUSION Despite an increasing number of index isolates, nothing in the short follow-up period supported a reintroduction of screening and isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G K Hansen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Research Unit of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - K Klein
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Research Unit of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - A Nymark
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Research Unit of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - L Andersen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - K O Gradel
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Research Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - J Lis-Toender
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Lillebaelt Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Vejle, Denmark
| | - C Oestergaard
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Lillebaelt Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Vejle, Denmark
| | - M Chen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Aabenraa, Denmark
| | - R Datcu
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Esbjerg and Grindsted Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - M N Skov
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Research Unit of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - A Holm
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Research Unit of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - F S Rosenvinge
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Research Unit of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Jackson JJ, Heyer S, Bell G. Sortase-encoding genes, srtA and srtC, mediate Enterococcus faecalis OG1RF persistence in the Helicoverpa zea gastrointestinal tract. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1322303. [PMID: 38562482 PMCID: PMC10982312 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1322303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis is a commensal and opportunistic pathogen in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of mammals and insects. To investigate mechanisms of bacterial persistence in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), we developed a non-destructive sampling model using Helicoverpa zea, a destructive agricultural pest, as host to study the role of bacterial sortase enzymes in mitigating persistence in the gastrointestinal tract. E. faecalis OG1RF ΔsrtA and E. faecalis OG1RF ΔsrtC, isogenic E. faecalis OG1RF sortase mutants grew similarly under planktonic growth conditions relative to a streptomycin-resistant E. faecalis OG1RFS WT in vitro but displayed impaired biofilm formation under, both, physiological and alkaline conditions. In the H. zea GI model, both mutants displayed impaired persistence relative to the WT. This represents one of the initial reports in which a non-destructive insect model has been used to characterize mechanisms of bacterial persistence in the Lepidopteran midgut and, furthermore, sheds light on new molecular mechanisms employed by diverse microorganisms to associate with invertebrate hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerreme J. Jackson
- Department of Biology, University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, IA, United States
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Gensler CA, Hempstead SC, Keelara S, Fedorka-Cray PJ, Urie NJ, Wiedenheft AM, Stuart K, Marshall KL, Jacob ME. Antimicrobial Resistance Characteristics of Fecal Escherichia coli and Enterococcus Species in U.S. Goats: 2019 National Animal Health Monitoring System Enteric Study. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2024. [PMID: 38502797 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2023.0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli and Enterococcus species are normal bacteria of the gastrointestinal tract and serve as indicator organisms for the epidemiology and emergence of antimicrobial resistance in their hosts and the environment. Some E. coli serovars, including E. coli O157:H7, are important human pathogens, although reservoir species such as goats remain asymptomatic. We describe the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of generic E. coli, E. coli O157:H7, and Enterococcus species collected from a national surveillance study of goat feces as part of the National Animal Health Monitoring System (NAHMS) Goat 2019 study. Fecal samples were collected from 4918 goats on 332 operations across the United States. Expectedly, a high prevalence of E. coli (98.7%, 4850/4915) and Enterococcus species (94.8%, 4662/4918) was found. E. coli O157:H7 prevalence was low (0.2%; 10/4918). E. coli isolates, up to three per operation, were evaluated for antimicrobial susceptibility and 84.7% (571/674) were pansusceptible. Multidrug resistance (MDR; ≥3 classes) was uncommon among E. coli, occurring in 8.2% of isolates (55/674). Resistance toward seven antimicrobial classes was observed in a single isolate. Resistance to tetracycline alone (13.6%, 92/674) or to tetracycline, streptomycin, and sulfisoxazole (7.0% 47/674) was the most common pattern. All E. coli O157:H7 isolates were pansusceptible. Enterococcus isolates, up to four per operation, were prioritized by public health importance, including Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis and evaluated. Resistance to lincomycin (93.8%, 1232/1313) was most common, with MDR detected in 29.5% (388/1313) of isolates. The combination of ciprofloxacin, lincomycin, and quinupristin resistance (27.1%, 105/388) was the most common pattern detected. Distribution and characteristics of antimicrobial resistance in E. coli and Enterococcus in the U.S. goat population from this study can inform stewardship considerations and public health efforts surrounding goats and their products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A Gensler
- Department of Agricultural and Human Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Stephanie C Hempstead
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Shivaramu Keelara
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Paula J Fedorka-Cray
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Natalie J Urie
- National Animal Health Monitoring System, Veterinary Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Alyson M Wiedenheft
- National Animal Health Monitoring System, Veterinary Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Keira Stuart
- National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Veterinary Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Katherine L Marshall
- National Animal Health Monitoring System, Veterinary Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Megan E Jacob
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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Begmatov S, Beletsky AV, Dorofeev AG, Pimenov NV, Mardanov AV, Ravin NV. Metagenomic insights into the wastewater resistome before and after purification at large‑scale wastewater treatment plants in the Moscow city. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6349. [PMID: 38491069 PMCID: PMC10942971 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56870-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are considered to be hotspots for the spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). We performed a metagenomic analysis of the raw wastewater, activated sludge and treated wastewater from two large WWTPs responsible for the treatment of urban wastewater in Moscow, Russia. In untreated wastewater, several hundred ARGs that could confer resistance to most commonly used classes of antibiotics were found. WWTPs employed a nitrification/denitrification or an anaerobic/anoxic/oxic process and enabled efficient removal of organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus, as well as fecal microbiota. The resistome constituted about 0.05% of the whole metagenome, and after water treatment its share decreased by 3-4 times. The resistomes were dominated by ARGs encoding resistance to beta-lactams, macrolides, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, quaternary ammonium compounds, and sulfonamides. ARGs for macrolides and tetracyclines were removed more efficiently than beta-lactamases, especially ampC, the most abundant ARG in the treated effluent. The removal efficiency of particular ARGs was impacted by the treatment technology. Metagenome-assembled genomes of multidrug-resistant strains were assembled both for the influent and the treated effluent. Ccomparison of resistomes from WWTPs in Moscow and around the world suggested that the abundance and content of ARGs depend on social, economic, medical, and environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahjahon Begmatov
- Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp, bld. 33‑2, Moscow, Russia, 119071.
| | - Alexey V Beletsky
- Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp, bld. 33‑2, Moscow, Russia, 119071
| | - Alexander G Dorofeev
- Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp, bld. 33‑2, Moscow, Russia, 119071
| | - Nikolai V Pimenov
- Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp, bld. 33‑2, Moscow, Russia, 119071
| | - Andrey V Mardanov
- Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp, bld. 33‑2, Moscow, Russia, 119071
| | - Nikolai V Ravin
- Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp, bld. 33‑2, Moscow, Russia, 119071.
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Wang X, Li M, Yang Y, Shang X, Wang Y, Li Y. Clinical significance of inflammatory markers for evaluating disease severity of mixed-pathogen bloodstream infections of both Enterococcus spp. and Candida spp. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26873. [PMID: 38434384 PMCID: PMC10907801 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective In recent decades, there has been a notable increase in the morbidity and mortality rates linked to bacteremia and candidemia. This study aimed to investigate the clinical significance of inflammatory markers in assessing the disease severity in critically ill patients suffering from mixed-bloodstream infections (BSIs) due to Enterococcus spp. and Candida spp. Methods In this retrospective research, patients diagnosed with BSIs who were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) during the period of January 2019 to December 2022 were analyzed. The patients were divided into two groups: a mixed-pathogen BSI group with both Enterococcus spp. and Candida spp., and a single-pathogen BSI group with only Enterococcus spp. The study examined the differences in inflammatory marker levels and disease severity, including Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II scores, duration of ICU stay, and 30-day mortality, between the two groups. Furthermore, we sought to scrutinize the potential associations among these aforementioned parameters. Results The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios (NLRs) and levels of plasma C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the mixed-pathogen BSI group were higher than those in the single-pathogen BSI group. Spearman's rank correlation analysis showed that NLRs and plasma CRP and IL-6 levels were positively correlated with disease severity in the mixed-pathogen BSI group. Further, the levels of plasma IL-8 and TNF-α were also positively correlated with ICU stay duration and 30-day mortality. In multivariate analysis, plasma CRP and IL-6 levels were independently associated with 30-day mortality. Conclusion Mixed-pathogen BSIs caused by Enterococcus spp. and Candida spp. may give rise to increased NLRs and plasma CRP, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α levels in comparison to BSI caused by Enterococcus spp. only, thus leading to elevated disease severity in critically ill patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Xueyi Shang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Yonggang Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100071, China
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Sheriff EK, Andersen SE, Chatterjee A, Duerkop BA. Complete genome sequence of enterococcal phage G01. Microbiol Resour Announc 2024; 13:e0121723. [PMID: 38294211 DOI: 10.1128/mra.01217-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Here, we report the annotated genome of enterococcal phage G01. The G01 genome is 41,189 bp in length and contains 67 predicted open reading frames. Host range analysis revealed G01 can infect 28.6% (6/21) of Enterococcus faecalis strains tested and appears to not require the enterococcal phage infection protein PIPEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma K Sheriff
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Shelby E Andersen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Anushila Chatterjee
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Breck A Duerkop
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Kim YH, Lee DH, Seo HS, Eun SH, Lee DS, Choi YK, Lee SH, Kim TY. Genome-based taxonomic identification and safety assessment of an Enterococcus strain isolated from a homemade dairy product. Int Microbiol 2024:10.1007/s10123-024-00496-9. [PMID: 38466360 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-024-00496-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the taxonomic identification and evaluate the safety of a bacterium, Enterococcus lactis IDCC 2105, isolated from homemade cheese in Korea, using whole genome sequence (WGS) analysis. It sought to identify the species level of this Enterococcus spp., assess its antibiotic resistance, and evaluate its virulence potential. WGS analysis confirmed the bacterial strain IDCC 2105 as E. lactis and identified genes responsible for resistance to erythromycin and clindamycin, specifically msrC, and eatAv, which are chromosomally located, indicating a minimal risk for horizontal gene transfer. The absence of plasmids in E. lactis IDCC 2105 further diminishes the likelihood of resistance gene dissemination. Additionally, our investigation into seven virulence factors, including hemolysis, platelet aggregation, biofilm formation, hyaluronidase, gelatinase, ammonia production, and β-glucuronidase activity, revealed no detectable virulence traits. Although bioinformatic analysis suggested the presence of collagen adhesion genes acm and scm, these were not corroborated by phenotypic virulence assays. Based on these findings, E. lactis IDCC 2105 presents as a safe strain for potential applications, contributing valuable information on its taxonomy, antibiotic resistance profile, and lack of virulence factors, supporting its use in food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Hoo Kim
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, South Korea
| | | | - Han Sol Seo
- Yunovia Co., Ltd, Hwaseong, 18449, South Korea
| | | | - Do Sup Lee
- Yunovia Co., Ltd, Hwaseong, 18449, South Korea
| | | | - Sang Hyun Lee
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, South Korea
| | - Tae-Yoon Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, Seongnam, 13488, Republic of Korea.
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Vita AA, Roberts KM, Gundersen A, Farris Y, Zwickey H, Bradley R, Weir TL. Relationships between Habitual Polyphenol Consumption and Gut Microbiota in the INCLD Health Cohort. Nutrients 2024; 16:773. [PMID: 38542685 PMCID: PMC10974568 DOI: 10.3390/nu16060773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
While polyphenol consumption is often associated with an increased abundance of beneficial microbes and decreased opportunistic pathogens, these relationships are not completely described for polyphenols consumed via habitual diet, including culinary herb and spice consumption. This analysis of the International Cohort on Lifestyle Determinants of Health (INCLD Health) cohort uses a dietary questionnaire and 16s microbiome data to examine relationships between habitual polyphenol consumption and gut microbiota in healthy adults (n = 96). In this exploratory analysis, microbial taxa, but not diversity measures, differed by levels of dietary polyphenol consumption. Taxa identified as exploratory biomarkers of daily polyphenol consumption (mg/day) included Lactobacillus, Bacteroides, Enterococcus, Eubacterium ventriosum group, Ruminococcus torques group, and Sutterella. Taxa identified as exploratory biomarkers of the frequency of polyphenol-weighted herb and spice use included Lachnospiraceae UCG-001, Lachnospiraceae UCG-004, Methanobrevibacter, Lachnoclostridium, and Lachnotalea. Several of the differentiating taxa carry out activities important for human health, although out of these taxa, those with previously described pro-inflammatory qualities in certain contexts displayed inverse relationships with polyphenol consumption. Our results suggest that higher quantities of habitual polyphenol consumption may support an intestinal environment where opportunistic and pro-inflammatory bacteria are represented in a lower relative abundance compared to those with less potentially virulent qualities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Adorno Vita
- Helfgott Research Institute, National University of Natural Medicine, Portland, OR 97201, USA
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Kristen M. Roberts
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Anders Gundersen
- Helfgott Research Institute, National University of Natural Medicine, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Yuliya Farris
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Biological Sciences Division, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Heather Zwickey
- Helfgott Research Institute, National University of Natural Medicine, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Ryan Bradley
- Helfgott Research Institute, National University of Natural Medicine, Portland, OR 97201, USA
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health, University of California, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Tiffany L. Weir
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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Abdulkadir N, Saraiva JP, Zhang J, Stolte S, Gillor O, Harms H, Rocha U. Genome-centric analyses of 165 metagenomes show that mobile genetic elements are crucial for the transmission of antimicrobial resistance genes to pathogens in activated sludge and wastewater. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0291823. [PMID: 38289113 PMCID: PMC10913551 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02918-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Wastewater is considered a reservoir of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), where the abundant antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and mobile genetic elements facilitate horizontal gene transfer. However, the prevalence and extent of these phenomena in different taxonomic groups that inhabit wastewater are still not fully understood. Here, we determined the presence of ARGs in metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) and evaluated the risks of MAG-carrying ARGs in potential human pathogens. The potential of these ARGs to be transmitted horizontally or vertically was also determined. A total of 5,916 MAGs (completeness >50%, contamination <10%) were recovered, covering 68 phyla and 279 genera. MAGs were dereplicated into 1,204 genome operational taxonomic units (gOTUs) as a proxy for species ( average nucleotide identity >0.95). The dominant ARG classes detected were bacitracin, multi-drug, macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin (MLS), glycopeptide, and aminoglycoside, and 10.26% of them were located on plasmids. The main hosts of ARGs belonged to Escherichia, Klebsiella, Acinetobacter, Gresbergeria, Mycobacterium, and Thauera. Our data showed that 253 MAGs carried virulence factor genes (VFGs) divided into 44 gOTUs, of which 45 MAGs were carriers of ARGs, indicating that potential human pathogens carried ARGs. Alarmingly, the MAG assigned as Escherichia coli contained 159 VFGs, of which 95 were located on chromosomes and 10 on plasmids. In addition to shedding light on the prevalence of ARGs in individual genomes recovered from activated sludge and wastewater, our study demonstrates a workflow that can identify antimicrobial-resistant pathogens in complex microbial communities. IMPORTANCE Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) threatens the health of humans, animals, and natural ecosystems. In our study, an analysis of 165 metagenomes from wastewater revealed antibiotic-targeted alteration, efflux, and inactivation as the most prevalent AMR mechanisms. We identified several genera correlated with multiple ARGs, including Klebsiella, Escherichia, Acinetobacter, Nitrospira, Ottowia, Pseudomonas, and Thauera, which could have significant implications for AMR transmission. The abundance of bacA, mexL, and aph(3")-I in the genomes calls for their urgent management in wastewater. Our approach could be applied to different ecosystems to assess the risk of potential pathogens containing ARGs. Our findings highlight the importance of managing AMR in wastewater and can help design measures to reduce the transmission and evolution of AMR in these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafi’u Abdulkadir
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Joao Pedro Saraiva
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Junya Zhang
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Stefan Stolte
- Institute of Water Chemistry, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Osnat Gillor
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, J. Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben Gurion University, Midreshet Ben Gurion, Israel
| | - Hauke Harms
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulisses Rocha
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
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Schwartzman JA, Lebreton F, Salamzade R, Shea T, Martin MJ, Schaufler K, Urhan A, Abeel T, Camargo ILBC, Sgardioli BF, Prichula J, Guedes Frazzon AP, Giribet G, Van Tyne D, Treinish G, Innis CJ, Wagenaar JA, Whipple RM, Manson AL, Earl AM, Gilmore MS. Global diversity of enterococci and description of 18 previously unknown species. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2310852121. [PMID: 38416678 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2310852121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Enterococci are gut microbes of most land animals. Likely appearing first in the guts of arthropods as they moved onto land, they diversified over hundreds of millions of years adapting to evolving hosts and host diets. Over 60 enterococcal species are now known. Two species, Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium, are common constituents of the human microbiome. They are also now leading causes of multidrug-resistant hospital-associated infection. The basis for host association of enterococcal species is unknown. To begin identifying traits that drive host association, we collected 886 enterococcal strains from widely diverse hosts, ecologies, and geographies. This identified 18 previously undescribed species expanding genus diversity by >25%. These species harbor diverse genes including toxins and systems for detoxification and resource acquisition. Enterococcus faecalis and E. faecium were isolated from diverse hosts highlighting their generalist properties. Most other species showed a more restricted distribution indicative of specialized host association. The expanded species diversity permitted the Enterococcus genus phylogeny to be viewed with unprecedented resolution, allowing features to be identified that distinguish its four deeply rooted clades, and the entry of genes associated with range expansion such as B-vitamin biosynthesis and flagellar motility to be mapped to the phylogeny. This work provides an unprecedentedly broad and deep view of the genus Enterococcus, including insights into its evolution, potential new threats to human health, and where substantial additional enterococcal diversity is likely to be found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia A Schwartzman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02144
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | - Francois Lebreton
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02144
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Multidrug-Resistant Organism Repository and Surveillance Network, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
| | - Rauf Salamzade
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Terrance Shea
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Melissa J Martin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02144
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Multidrug-Resistant Organism Repository and Surveillance Network, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
| | - Katharina Schaufler
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02144
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- University of Greifswald, Institute of Pharmacy, Greifswald 17489, Germany
- Kiel University and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Institute of Infection Medicine, Kiel 24105, Germany
| | - Aysun Urhan
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142
- Delft Bioinformatics Lab, Department of Intelligent Systems, Delft University of Technology, Delft 2628XE, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Abeel
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142
- Delft Bioinformatics Lab, Department of Intelligent Systems, Delft University of Technology, Delft 2628XE, The Netherlands
| | - Ilana L B C Camargo
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia e Microbiologia Moleculares, Departamento de Física e Ciências Interdisciplinares, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos - SP 13566-590, Brazil
| | - Bruna F Sgardioli
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia e Microbiologia Moleculares, Departamento de Física e Ciências Interdisciplinares, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos - SP 13566-590, Brazil
| | - Janira Prichula
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02144
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre - RS 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Guedes Frazzon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02144
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre - RS, 90010-150, Brazil
| | - Gonzalo Giribet
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Daria Van Tyne
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02144
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburg, PA 15213
| | | | - Charles J Innis
- New England Aquarium, Animal Health Department and Anderson Cabot Center for Ocean Life, Boston, MA 02110
| | - Jaap A Wagenaar
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CS, The Netherlands
| | - Ryan M Whipple
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02144
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Abigail L Manson
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Ashlee M Earl
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Michael S Gilmore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02144
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
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Lin C, Feng Y, Xie X, Zhang H, Wu J, Zhu Y, Yu J, Feng J, Su W, Lai S, Zhang A. Antimicrobial resistance characteristics and phylogenetic relationships of pleuromutilin-resistant Enterococcus isolates from different environmental samples along a laying hen production chain. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 137:195-205. [PMID: 37980008 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance in the laying hen production industry has become a serious public health problem. The antimicrobial resistance and phylogenetic relationships of the common conditional pathogen Enterococcus along the laying hen production chain have not been systematically clarified. 105 Enterococcus isolates were obtained from 115 environmental samples (air, dust, feces, flies, sewage, and soil) collected along the laying hen production chain (breeding chicken, chick, young chicken, and commercial laying hen). These Enterococcus isolates exhibited resistance to some clinically relevant antibiotics, such as tetracycline (92.4%), streptomycin (92.4%), and erythromycin (91.4%), and all strains had multidrug resistance phenotypes. Whole genome sequencing characterized 29 acquired antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) that conferred resistance to 11 classes of antibiotics in 51 pleuromutilin-resistant Enterococcus isolates, and lsa(E), which mediates resistance to pleuromutilins, always co-occurred with lnu(B). Alignments with the Mobile Genetic Elements database identified four transposons (Tn554, Tn558, Tn6261, and Tn6674) with several ARGs (erm(A), ant(9)-la, fex(A), and optrA) that mediated resistance to many clinically important antibiotics. Moreover, we identified two new transposons that carried ARGs in the Tn554 family designated as Tn7508 and Tn7492. A complementary approach based on conventional multi-locus sequence typing and whole genome single nucleotide polymorphism analysis showed that phylogenetically related pleuromutilin-resistant Enterococcus isolates were widely distributed in various environments on different production farms. Our results indicate that environmental contamination by antimicrobial-resistant Enterococcus requires greater attention, and they highlight the risk of pleuromutilin-resistant Enterococcus and ARGs disseminating along the laying hen production chain, thereby warranting effective disinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Lin
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yuxuan Feng
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xianjun Xie
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Haoyu Zhang
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yixiao Zhu
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jingyi Feng
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Wen Su
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Shanming Lai
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Anyun Zhang
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
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Xu W, Fang Y, Zhu K. Enterococci facilitate polymicrobial infections. Trends Microbiol 2024; 32:162-177. [PMID: 37550091 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2023.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Enterococci are ubiquitous members of the gut microbiota in human beings and animals and are among the most important nosocomial organisms. Due to their opportunistic pathogenicity, enterococci are referred to as pathobionts and play decisive roles in a diverse array of polymicrobial infections. Enterococci can promote the colonization, pathogenesis, and persistence of various pathogens, compromise the efficacy of drugs, and pose a severe threat to public health. Most current treatments tend to focus on the sole pathogenic bacteria, with insufficient attention to the driving role of enterococci. In this review, we summarize the characteristics of enterococci in infections, the factors facilitating their outgrowth, as well as the sites and types of enterococci-associated polymicrobial infections. We present an overview of the underlying mechanisms of enterococci-mediated pathogenesis in polymicrobial infections. Furthermore, we discuss alternative strategies and potential intervention approaches to restrict such infections, shedding light on the discovery and development of new therapies against polymicrobial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjiao Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Engineering Research Center of Animal Innovative Drugs and Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuwen Fang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Engineering Research Center of Animal Innovative Drugs and Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Kui Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Engineering Research Center of Animal Innovative Drugs and Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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42
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Ben Yahia H, Trabelsi I, Arous F, García-Vela S, Torres C, Ben Slama K. Detection of linezolid and vancomycin resistant Enterococcus isolates collected from healthy chicken caecum. J Appl Microbiol 2024; 135:lxae027. [PMID: 38317636 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxae027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
AIM The poultry industry represents an important economic sector in Tunisia. This study aims to determine the antimicrobial resistance phenotypes and genotypes and virulence factors of enterococci collected from chicken caecum in Tunisia. METHODS AND RESULTS Forty-nine composite chicken caecum samples were recovered in 49 different Tunisian farms (December 2019-March 2020). Each composite sample corresponds to six individual caecum from each farm. Composite samples were plated on Slanetz-Bartley agar both supplemented (SB-Van) and not supplemented (SB) with vancomycin and isolates were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight. Antibiotic resistance and virulence genes were tested by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and sequencing and multilocus-sequence-typing of selected enterococci was performed. One hundred sixty seven enterococci of six different species were recovered. Acquired linezolid resistance was detected in 6 enterococci of 4/49 samples (8.1%): (A) four optrA-carrying Enterococcus faecalis isolates assigned to ST792, ST478, and ST968 lineages; (B) two poxtA-carrying Enterococcus faecium assigned to ST2315 and new ST2330. Plasmid typing highlighted the presence of the rep10, rep14, rep7, rep8, and pLG1 in these strains. One vancomycin-resistant E. faecium isolate (typed as ST1091) with vanA gene (included in Tn1546) was detected in SB-Van plates. The gelE, agg, esp, and hyl virulence genes were found in linezolid- and vancomycin-resistant enterococci. High resistance rates were identified in the enterococci recovered in SB plates: tetracycline [74.8%, tet(M) and tet(L) genes], erythromycin [65.9%, erm(B)], and gentamicin [37.1%, aac(6')-Ie-aph(2″)-Ia]. CONCLUSION The detection of emerging mechanisms of resistance related to linezolid and vancomycin in the fecal enterococci of poultry farms has public health implications, and further surveillance should be carried out to control their dissemination by the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houssem Ben Yahia
- Laboratoire Bioressources, Environnement et Biotechnologie (LR22ES04), Institut Supérieur des Sciences Biologiques Appliquées de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Islem Trabelsi
- Laboratoire Bioressources, Environnement et Biotechnologie (LR22ES04), Institut Supérieur des Sciences Biologiques Appliquées de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Fatma Arous
- Laboratoire Bioressources, Environnement et Biotechnologie (LR22ES04), Institut Supérieur des Sciences Biologiques Appliquées de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Sara García-Vela
- Area de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain
- Department of Food Science, University of Laval, QC G1V 0A6 Quebec, Canada
| | - Carmen Torres
- Area de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Karim Ben Slama
- Laboratoire Bioressources, Environnement et Biotechnologie (LR22ES04), Institut Supérieur des Sciences Biologiques Appliquées de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisie
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Bharuka V, Meshram R, Munjewar PK. Comprehensive Review of Urinary Tract Infections in Renal Transplant Recipients: Clinical Insights and Management Strategies. Cureus 2024; 16:e53882. [PMID: 38465031 PMCID: PMC10924982 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.53882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) pose a significant challenge in the care of renal transplant recipients. This comprehensive review explores this population's multifaceted landscape of UTIs, emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis and tailored management strategies. Renal transplant recipients face an elevated risk of UTIs due to immunosuppression, altered urinary tract anatomy, and complex comorbidities. Complications of UTIs can lead to graft dysfunction and systemic illness, underscoring the need for effective management. The emergence of multidrug-resistant uropathogens adds complexity to treatment, highlighting the importance of targeted antibiotic therapy. Antibiotics are the most commonly prescribed drugs for UTIs, with nitrofurantoin, fosfomycin, amoxicillin, and amoxicillin-clavulanate potassium being some of the commonly used antibiotics. However, the emergence of multidrug-resistant uropathogens has led to the exploration of alternative treatments, such as bacteriophage therapy, as a potential alternative against multidrug-resistant uropathogenic bacteria. Analgesics such as phenazopyridine can be prescribed to relieve discomfort associated with UTIs. Estrogen therapy has also been suggested as a potential treatment option for UTIs, particularly in postmenopausal women. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole or trimethoprim is recommended as first-line therapy for uncomplicated UTIs. The choice of drug and therapy for UTIs depends on the severity of the infection, the causative organism, and the presence of antibiotic resistance. Preventive measures encompass pre-transplant evaluation, perioperative strategies, post-transplant follow-up, and vaccination. A multidisciplinary approach involving transplant specialists, infectious disease experts, pharmacists, and patient engagement is vital for successful care. The future of UTI management lies in ongoing research, exploring personalized medicine, novel therapies, and innovative prevention strategies. By implementing these strategies and advancing research, healthcare providers can improve graft and patient survival, enhancing the quality of care for renal transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidhi Bharuka
- Pediatrics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Revat Meshram
- Pediatrics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Pratiksha K Munjewar
- Medical Surgical Nursing, Smt. Radhikabai Meghe Memorial College of Nursing, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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Pinheiro Alves A, Overbey J, Jin M, Edewaard E. Enterococcus faecalis Endocarditis of All Four Native Valves: A Case Report. Cureus 2024; 16:e53837. [PMID: 38465066 PMCID: PMC10924442 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.53837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis is commonly implicated in Infective Endocarditis (IE), resulting in remarkable morbidity and mortality. We present an unusual case documenting the clinical course and outcome of an elderly female patient who developed quadruple valve endocarditis due to Enterococcus faecalis infection. She presented with altered mental status, resulting in hospitalization, and was found to have bacteremia complicated by endocarditis, epidural abscess, discitis, and splenic infarction. Urinalysis was consistent with bacterial infection two days before being admitted to the hospital. Unfortunately, despite aggressive therapeutic regimens, the patient died. This is one of the few documented endocarditis cases involving all heart valves. It reviews the importance of maintaining a high index of clinical suspicion for assessing IE, with a low threshold for performing a transesophageal echocardiogram as a diagnostic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alana Pinheiro Alves
- Internal Medicine, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, USA
| | - Juliana Overbey
- Internal Medicine, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, USA
| | - Max Jin
- Internal Medicine, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, USA
| | - Eric Edewaard
- Internal Medicine, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, USA
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Nair P, Sankar S, Neelusree P. Study on Biofilm Formation Among Enterococcus Isolates and Association With Their Antibiotic Resistance Patterns. Cureus 2024; 16:e53594. [PMID: 38449981 PMCID: PMC10915696 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.53594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Enterococci are a part of the normal intestinal flora of humans. They have emerged as one of the leading causes of nosocomial infection. The evolved antibiotic resistance mechanisms coupled with the virulence properties of enterococci have made it a successful pathogen. Aim This study aimed to determine the ability of biofilm formation among the clinical enterococci isolates and the antimicrobial resistance pattern of the strains. Materials and methods Clinical samples of patients who attended Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, India, over six months. Identification and characterization of Enterococcus species were done using various biochemical tests. Antibiotic susceptibility patterns for each isolate were performed using the Kirby- Bauer disc diffusion method. Results The formation of biofilm formation was detected using the microtiter plate method. In total, 90 Enterococcus species were isolated; Enterococcus faecalis were 63 (70%), Enterococcus faecium were 25 (28%) and Enterococcus gallinarum were 2 (2%)independently. E. faecalis displayed advanced resistance rates compared to other Enterococcus species. Resistance against penicillin was found in 42 strains (47%) and resistance to ampicillin was observed in 39 strains (43%). This was followed by resistance to high-level gentamicin in 35 strains (39%) and resistance to ciprofloxacin in 32 strains (36%). Resistance to vancomycin and linezolid also were noted in some strains. Conclusion Our results indicate that E. faecalis exhibits an increasing rate of antimicrobial resistance but lower biofilm conformation. The unique traits of E. faecalis raise concerns for the associated infections, especially hospital-acquired infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Nair
- Department of Microbiology, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Sathish Sankar
- Department of Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - P Neelusree
- Department of Microbiology, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
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Rogers R, Rice LB. State-of-the-Art Review: Persistent Enterococcal Bacteremia. Clin Infect Dis 2024; 78:e1-e11. [PMID: 38018162 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciad612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Persistent enterococcal bacteremia is a commonly encountered and morbid syndrome without a strong evidence base for optimal management practices. Here we highlight reports on the epidemiology of enterococcal bacteremia to better describe and define persistent enterococcal bacteremia, discuss factors specific to Enterococcus species that may contribute to persistent infections, and describe a measured approach to diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for patients with these frequently complicated infections. The diagnosis of persistent enterococcal bacteremia is typically clinically evident in the setting of repeatedly positive blood culture results; instead, the challenge is to determine in an accurate, cost-effective, and minimally invasive manner whether any underlying nidus of infection (eg, endocarditis or undrained abscess) is present and contributing to the persistent bacteremia. Clinical outcomes for patients with persistent enterococcal bacteremia remain suboptimal. Beyond addressing host immune status if relevant and pursuing source control for all patients, management decisions primarily involve the selection of the proper antimicrobial agent(s). Options for antimicrobial therapy are often limited in the setting of intrinsic and acquired antimicrobial resistance among enterococcal clinical isolates. The synergistic benefit of combination antimicrobial therapy has been demonstrated for enterococcal endocarditis, but it is not clear at present whether a similar approach will provide any clinical benefit to some or all patients with persistent enterococcal bacteremia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Rogers
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Department of Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Louis B Rice
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Department of Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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Liu Y, Wang Z, Wang Z, Zhou J, Han J, Lu C, Liu B, Yu R, Sun X, Zhang Z, Wang R, Su X. Rapid and simultaneous multiepitope antigen-based detection of Enterococcus by microscale thermophoresis and immunomagnetic separation. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1341451. [PMID: 38322321 PMCID: PMC10844561 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1341451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Generally, enterococci bacteria cause nosocomial infections and are major indicators of bacterial contamination in marine bathing beach. However, a method for the rapid and simultaneous detection of multiple pathogenic enterococci has not been developed on account of the wide variety of pathogenic enterococci and their existence in complex matrices. Methods Immunoinformatics tools were used to design a multi-epitope antigen for the detection of various pathogenic enterococci by using the sequence of dltD gene on enterococci lipoteichoic acid (LTA) surface, which is associated with toxicological effects. The multi-epitopes included enterococci such as Enterococcus faecalis, E. gallinarum, E. raffinosus, E. durans, E. faecium, E. hirae, E. thailandicus, E. casseliflavus, E. avium, E. mundtii, E. lactis, E. solitarius, E. pseudoavium, and E. malodoratum. Microscale thermophoresis (MST) and western blot were carried out to detect the affinity between multi-epitope antigens and antibodies and between multi-epitope antibodies and bacteria. Furthermore, the detection of pathogenic enterococci was carried out by using immunomagnetic beads (IMBs) and immune chromatographic test strip (ICTS). Results The multi-epitope antibody had a satisfactory affinity to the antigen and enterococci. IMBs and ICTS were detected with a minimum of 101 CFU/mL and showed incompatibility for Vibrio parahemolyticus, V. vulnifcus, V. harveyi, V. anguillarum, and Edwardsiella tarda. Implication The present study demonstrated that the multi-epitope antigens exhibited excellent specificity and sensitivity, making them highly suitable for efficient on-site screening of enterococci bacteria in marine bathing beaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Ziyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Ze Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jiaojiao Han
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Chenyang Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Vigor Health Products Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Rongxian Yu
- Vigor Health Products Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoling Sun
- Vigor Health Products Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Rixin Wang
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiurong Su
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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Gargiulo E, Roscetto E, Galdiero U, Surico G, Catania MR, Evidente A, Taglialatela-Scafati O. Antibacterial Metabolites Produced by Limonium lopadusanum, an Endemic Plant of Lampedusa Island. Biomolecules 2024; 14:134. [PMID: 38275763 PMCID: PMC10813400 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Lampedusa, the largest island of the Pelagie archipelago, Sicily, Italy, has proven to be a rich source of plants and shrubs used in folk medicine. These plants, often native to the island, have been very poorly investigated for their phytochemical composition and biological potential to be translated into pharmacological applications. To start achieving this purpose, a specimen of Limonium lopadusanum, a plant native to Lampedusa, was investigated for the first time. This manuscript reports the results of a preliminary biological assay, focused on antimicrobial activity, carried out using the plant organic extracts, and the isolation and chemical and biological characterization of the secondary metabolites obtained. Thus 3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoic acid methyl ester (syn: methyl isovanillate, (1), methyl syringate (2), pinoresinol (3), erythrinassinate C (4) and tyrosol palmitate (5) were isolated. Their antimicrobial activity was tested on several strains and compound 4 showed promising antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis. Thus, this metabolite has antibiotic potential against the drug-resistant opportunistic pathogen E. faecalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Gargiulo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano, 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Emanuela Roscetto
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (E.R.); (U.G.); (M.R.C.)
| | - Umberto Galdiero
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (E.R.); (U.G.); (M.R.C.)
| | - Giuseppe Surico
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment, and Forestry (DAGRI), Section of Agricultural Microbiology, Plant Pathology and Entomology, University of Florence, 50121 Firenze, Italy;
| | - Maria Rosaria Catania
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (E.R.); (U.G.); (M.R.C.)
| | - Antonio Evidente
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, Via Amendola 122/O, 70125 Bari, Italy;
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Smith AB, Specker JT, Hewlett KK, Scoggins TR, Knight M, Lustig AM, Li Y, Evans KM, Guo Y, She Q, Christopher MW, Garrett TJ, Moustafa AM, Van Tyne D, Prentice BM, Zackular JP. Liberation of host heme by Clostridioides difficile-mediated damage enhances Enterococcus faecalis fitness during infection. mBio 2024; 15:e0165623. [PMID: 38078767 PMCID: PMC10790701 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01656-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Clostridioides difficile and Enterococcus faecalis are two pathogens of great public health importance. Both bacteria colonize the human gastrointestinal tract where they are known to interact in ways that worsen disease outcomes. We show that the damage associated with C. difficile infection (CDI) releases nutrients that benefit E. faecalis. One particular nutrient, heme, allows E. faecalis to use oxygen to generate energy and grow better in the gut. Understanding the mechanisms of these interspecies interactions could inform therapeutic strategies for CDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander B. Smith
- Division of Protective Immunity, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Katharine K. Hewlett
- Division of Protective Immunity, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Troy R. Scoggins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Montana Knight
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Abigail M. Lustig
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yanhong Li
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Kirsten M. Evans
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yingchan Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Qianxuan She
- Division of Protective Immunity, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Timothy J. Garrett
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Ahmed M. Moustafa
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Daria Van Tyne
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Boone M. Prentice
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Joseph P. Zackular
- Division of Protective Immunity, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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50
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Pont CL, Bernay B, Gérard M, Dhalluin A, Gravey F, Giard JC. Proteomic characterization of persisters in Enterococcus faecium. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:9. [PMID: 38172710 PMCID: PMC10765921 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03162-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enterococcus faecium is a Gram-positive bacterium, naturally present in the human intestinal microbiota, but is also an opportunistic pathogen responsible for healthcare-associated infections. Persisters are individuals of a subpopulation able to survive by arrest of growth coping with conditions that are lethal for the rest of the population. These persistent cells can grow again when the stress disappears from their environment and can cause relapses. RESULTS In this study, we highlighted that ciprofloxacin (10-fold the MIC) led to the formation of persister cells of E. faecium. The kill curve was typically biphasic with an initial drop of survival (more than 2 orders of magnitude reduction) followed by a constant bacterial count. Growth curves and antimicrobial susceptibility tests of these persisters were similar to those of the original cells. In addition, by genomic analyses, we confirmed that the persisters were genotypically identical to the wild type. Comparative proteomic analysis revealed that 56 proteins have significantly different abundances in persisters compared to cells harvested before the addition of stressing agent. Most of them were related to energetic metabolisms, some polypeptides were involved in transcription regulation, and seven were stress proteins like CspA, PrsA, ClpX and particularly enzymes linked to the oxidative stress response. CONCLUSIONS This work provided evidences that the pathogen E. faecium was able to enter a state of persister that may have an impact in chronic infections and relapses. Moreover, putative key effectors of this phenotypical behavior were identified by proteomic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Le Pont
- UNICAEN, Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM, DYNAMICURE UMR 1311, Caen, F-14000, France
| | - Benoît Bernay
- Plateforme Proteogen SFR ICORE 4206, Université de Caen Normandie, Caen, 14000, France
| | - Mattéo Gérard
- UNICAEN, Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM, DYNAMICURE UMR 1311, Caen, F-14000, France
| | - Anne Dhalluin
- UNICAEN, Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM, DYNAMICURE UMR 1311, Caen, F-14000, France
| | - François Gravey
- Department of infectious agents, UNICAEN, Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM, DYNAMICURE UMR 1311, CHU Caen, Caen, F-14000, France
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