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LONG SE, SOOD S, KANESA-THASAN A, KAHN LG, URBINA EM, BARRETT ES, NGUYEN RH, BUSH NR, SWAN SH, SATHYANARAYANA S, TRASANDE L. Longitudinal study of birthweight, blood pressure, and markers of arterial stiffness in children age six among the TIDES cohort. J Hypertens 2024; 42:1399-1408. [PMID: 38690915 PMCID: PMC11283821 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although some studies have observed an association between birthweight and cardiovascular disease in adulthood, fewer have investigated whether birthweight is linked to cardiovascular health in early childhood. This study assesses the association between birthweight and cardiovascular outcomes in children 6 years of age. STUDY DESIGN Birthweight, blood pressure (BP), and markers of arterial stiffness in children, including brachial artery distensibility and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), were obtained from 324 participants in The Infant Development and the Environment Study, a prospective multisite pregnancy cohort. Birthweight was converted into sex-specific birthweight-for-gestational-age (bw/ga) z -scores based on the INTERGROWTH-21st standard. Following 2017 American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines, SBP and DBP were transformed into sex, age, and height-specific z -scores. Associations between birthweight and cardiovascular outcomes were assessed using nested multivariable linear regression models among the overall and sex-stratified samples. RESULTS Among the overall sample, bw/ga z -score was positively associated with cfPWV [b = 0.11 m/s, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.01 m/s, 0.21 m/s] in crude and adjusted models. No associations between birthweight and cardiovascular outcomes were detected among the sex-stratified analyses. CONCLUSION Overall, birthweight was not related to cardiovascular outcomes in children 6 years old. However, infants born with a higher birthweight may be at risk for higher cfPWV in childhood. Early intervention in pregnant people at risk of delivering high birthweight infants may be warranted if results are replicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara E LONG
- Department of Pediatrics, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shefali SOOD
- Department of Ophthalmology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Linda G KAHN
- Department of Pediatrics, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Population Health, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elaine M URBINA
- Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Emily S BARRETT
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute; Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Ruby H NGUYEN
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Nicole R BUSH
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Shanna H SWAN
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sheela SATHYANARAYANA
- Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Leonardo TRASANDE
- Department of Pediatrics, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Population Health, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Environmental Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- NYU Wagner School of Public Service, New York, NY, USA
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Wang X, Wang Q, Li M, Zhao Y, Song Q, Fu C, Hao W, Zhu D. Life course weight transitions from birth to childhood to midlife and risk of cardiovascular diseases and its subtypes. Prev Med 2024; 185:108060. [PMID: 38969023 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Evidence on weight transitions across life stages and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) is limited. We aimed to explore weight transition patterns from birth to childhood to midlife and risk of incident CVDs. METHODS A total of 193,905 participants from the UK Biobank were included. Weight at birth, childhood, and midlife were collected at baseline (2006-2010). CVD outcomes were collected at year 2022. We constructed 27 transition patterns from birth to age 10 years to midlife. Cox proportional hazard models yielded hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) between weight transition patterns and CVDs. Mediation analyses were performed. Rate advancement periods (RAP) were also calculated. RESULTS Several weight transition patterns were clearly linked to risk of CVDs, including "Low birth weight → high weight at age 10 years → obesity at midlife" (HR 2.64, 95% CI 2.24-3.11), "Low birth weight → low weight at age 10 years → obesity at midlife" (2.27, 1.93-2.66), "High birth weight → low weight at age 10 years → obesity at midlife" (2.29, 1.96-2.67), and "High birth weight → high weight at age 10 years → obesity at midlife" (2.14, 1.89-2.42), which showed even stronger association with HF. RAPs of these patterns were 8.3-10.6 years for CVD and 10.0-13.1 for HF. 50% of the association between birth weight and CVDs was mediated by weight at midlife. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight the importance of weight management throughout the life course in reducing the risk of CVDs, especially maintaining a heathy weight at midlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Meiling Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yanqing Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Qixiang Song
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Chunying Fu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Wenting Hao
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Dongshan Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China; Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China.
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3
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Sun Y, Wang B, Yu Y, Wang Y, Tan X, Zhang J, Qi L, Lu Y, Wang N. Birth weight, ideal cardiovascular health metrics in adulthood, and incident cardiovascular disease. Chin Med J (Engl) 2024; 137:1160-1168. [PMID: 38479998 PMCID: PMC11101240 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000003043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal and postnatal factors may have joint effects on cardiovascular health, and we aimed to assess the joint association of birth weight and ideal cardiovascular health metrics (ICVHMs) prospectively in adulthood with incident cardiovascular disease (CVD). METHODS In the UK Biobank, 227,833 participants with data on ICVHM components and birth weight and without CVD at baseline were included. The ICVHMs included smoking, body mass index, physical activity, diet information, total cholesterol, blood pressure, and hemoglobin A1c. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) in men and women. RESULTS Over a median follow-up period of 13.0 years (2,831,236 person-years), we documented 17,477 patients with incident CVD. Compared with participants with birth weights of 2.5-4.0 kg, the HRs (95% CIs) of CVD among those with low birth weights was 1.08 (1.00-1.16) in men and 1.23 (1.16-1.31) in women. The association between having a birth weight <2.5 kg and CVD risk in men was more prominent for those aged <50 years than for those of older age ( P for interaction = 0.026). Lower birth weight and non-ideal cardiovascular health metrics were jointly related to an increased risk of CVD. Participants with birth weights <2.5 kg and ICVHMs score 0-1 had the highest risk of incident CVD (HR [95% CI]: 3.93 [3.01-5.13] in men; 4.24 [3.33-5.40] in women). The joint effect (HR [95% CI]: 1.36 [1.17-1.58]) could be decomposed into 24.7% (95% CI: 15.0%-34.4%) for a lower birth weight, 64.7% (95% CI: 56.7%-72.6%) for a lower ICVHM score, and 10.6% (95% CI: 2.7%-18.6%) for their additive interaction in women. CONCLUSIONS Birth weight and ICVHMs were jointly related to CVD risk. Attaining a normal birth weight and ideal ICVHMs may reduce the risk of CVD, and a simultaneous improvement of both prenatal and postnatal factors could further prevent additional cases in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Yuefeng Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Yuying Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Xiao Tan
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75105, Sweden
| | - Jihui Zhang
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Medicine, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510370, China
| | - Lu Qi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02138, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02138, USA
| | - Yingli Lu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Ningjian Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
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Bramsved R, Bygdell M, Martikainen J, Mårild S, Lindh I, Rosengren A, Ohlsson C, Kindblom JM. Birth Weight, Childhood and Young Adult Overweight, and the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Men. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:314-321. [PMID: 37970719 PMCID: PMC10749680 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.320095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low birth weight is a known risk factor for adult coronary heart disease (CHD), but the additional effect of weight development during childhood and early adult life has not been studied. METHODS We included 35 659 men born 1945 to 1961 from the population-based BMI Epidemiology Study Gothenburg, with data available on birthweight, BMI in childhood (8 years), and BMI in young adulthood (20 years). Information on CHD diagnoses was retrieved from national registers. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate hazard ratios and 95% CIs for the risk of early and late CHD (before and after 58.4 years of age, respectively). RESULTS During follow-up, a total of 3380 cases of CHD (fatal and nonfatal) were registered. Birth weight was inversely associated with the risk of both early (hazard ratio, 0.88 per SD increase [95% CI, 0.84-0.92]) and late (hazard ratio, 0.94 per SD increase [95% CI, 0.90-0.98]) CHD, independently of BMI at 8 years and BMI change during puberty. In a model including birth weight (below or above the median) together with overweight at 8 and 20 years, only birth weight and young adult overweight, but not overweight in childhood, were significantly associated with the risk of CHD. A birth weight below the median, followed by overweight at 20 years of age was associated with a more than doubled risk of early CHD (hazard ratio, 2.29 [95% CI, 1.86-2.81]), compared with the reference (birth weight above the median and normal weight at 20 years of age). This excess risk was even more pronounced for a birthweight below 2.5 kg. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that low birth weight and young adult overweight are important developmental markers of risk for adult CHD. These findings motivate a life course perspective for prevention and risk assessment of adult CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecka Bramsved
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences (R.B., S.M.), The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine (R.B., M.B., C.O., J.M.K.), The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria Bygdell
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine (R.B., M.B., C.O., J.M.K.), The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jari Martikainen
- Bioinformatics and Data Centre (J.M.), The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Staffan Mårild
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences (R.B., S.M.), The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ingela Lindh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences (I.L.), The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Annika Rosengren
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at Gothenburg University, Sweden (A.R.)
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine (R.B., M.B., C.O., J.M.K.), The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Drug Treatment, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden (C.O., J.M.K.)
| | - Jenny M. Kindblom
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine (R.B., M.B., C.O., J.M.K.), The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Drug Treatment, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden (C.O., J.M.K.)
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Backhouse EV, Boardman JP, Wardlaw JM. Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: Early-Life Antecedents and Long-Term Implications for the Brain, Aging, Stroke, and Dementia. Hypertension 2024; 81:54-74. [PMID: 37732415 PMCID: PMC10734792 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.122.19940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral small vessel disease is common in older adults and increases the risk of stroke, cognitive impairment, and dementia. While often attributed to midlife vascular risk factors such as hypertension, factors from earlier in life may contribute to later small vessel disease risk. In this review, we summarize current evidence for early-life effects on small vessel disease, stroke and dementia focusing on prenatal nutrition, and cognitive ability, education, and socioeconomic status in childhood. We discuss possible reasons for these associations, including differences in brain resilience and reserve, access to cognitive, social, and economic resources, and health behaviors, and we consider the extent to which these associations are independent of vascular risk factors. Although early-life factors, particularly education, are major risk factors for Alzheimer disease, they are less established in small vessel disease or vascular cognitive impairment. We discuss current knowledge, gaps in knowledge, targets for future research, clinical practice, and policy change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen V. Backhouse
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences (E.V.B., J.P.B., J.M.W.), University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
- MRC UK Dementia Research Institute (E.V.B., J.M.W.), University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - James P. Boardman
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences (E.V.B., J.P.B., J.M.W.), University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health (J.P.B.), University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna M. Wardlaw
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences (E.V.B., J.P.B., J.M.W.), University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
- MRC UK Dementia Research Institute (E.V.B., J.M.W.), University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
- Edinburgh Imaging (J.M.W.), University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
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6
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Su S, Fan J, Yang Y, Yang C, Jia X. Birth Weight, Cardiometabolic Factors, and Coronary Heart Disease: A Mendelian Randomization Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:e1245-e1252. [PMID: 37246707 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Observational studies have shown associations of birth weight (BW) with coronary heart disease (CHD), but results are inconsistent and do not distinguish the fetal or maternal effect of BW. OBJECTIVE This study aims to explore the causal association between BW and CHD, analyze the fetal and maternal contribution, and quantify mediating effects of cardiometabolic factors. METHODS Genetic variants from genome-wide association study summary-level data of own BW (N = 298 142), offspring BW (N = 210 267 mothers), and 16 cardiometabolic (anthropometric, glycemic, lipidemic, and blood pressure) factors were extracted as instrumental variables. We used two-sample Mendelian randomization study (MR) to estimate the causal effect of BW on CHD (60 801 cases and 123 504 controls from mixed ancestry) and explore the fetal and maternal contributions. Mediation analyses were conducted to analyze the potential mediating effects of 16 cardiometabolic factors using two-step MR. RESULTS Inverse variance weighted analysis showed that lower BW raised the CHD risk (β -.30; 95% CI: -0.40, -0.20) and consistent results were observed in fetal-specific/maternal-specific BW. We identified 5 mediators in the causal pathway from BW to CHD, including body mass index-adjusted hip circumference, triglycerides, fasting insulin, diastolic blood pressure, and systolic blood pressure (SBP), with mediated proportion ranging from 7.44% for triglycerides to 27.75% for SBP. Causality between fetal-specific and maternal-specific BW and CHD was mediated by glycemic factors and SBP, respectively. CONCLUSION Our findings supported that lower BW increased CHD risk and revealed that fetal-specific and maternal-specific BW may both contribute to this effect. The causality between BW and CHD was mediated by several cardiometabolic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyao Su
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingwen Fan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yongli Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chaojun Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaocan Jia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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7
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Yu YL, Moliterno P, An DW, Raaijmakers A, Martens DS, Stolarz-Skrzypek K, Tikhonoff V, Malyutina S, Casiglia E, Chori B, Filipovský J, Rajzer M, Allegaert K, Kawecka-Jaszcz K, Verhamme P, Nawrot TS, Staessen JA, Boggia J. Blood pressure and cardiovascular risk in relation to birth weight and urinary sodium: an individual-participant meta-analysis of European family-based population studies. J Hypertens 2023; 41:1175-1183. [PMID: 37074387 PMCID: PMC10242514 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the relation of salt intake with blood pressure (BP) is linear, it is U-shaped for mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD). This individual-participant meta-analysis explored whether the relation of hypertension, death or CVD with 24-h urinary sodium excretion (UVNA) or sodium-to-potassium (UNAK) ratio was modified by birth weight. METHODS Families were randomly enrolled in the Flemish Study on Genes, Environment and Health Outcomes (1985-2004) and the European Project on Genes in Hypertension (1999-2001). Categories of birth weight, UVNA and UNAK (≤2500, >2500-4000, >4000 g; <2.3, 2.3-4.6 and >4.6 g; and <1, 1-2, >2, respectively) were coded using deviation-from-mean coding and analyzed by Kaplan-Meier survival functions and linear and Cox regression. RESULTS The study population was subdivided into the Outcome ( n = 1945), Hypertension ( n = 1460) and Blood Pressure cohorts ( n = 1039) to analyze the incidence of mortality and cardiovascular endpoints, hypertension and BP changes as function of UVNA changes. The prevalence of low/medium/high birth weight in the Outcome cohort was 5.8/84.5/9.7%. Over 16.7 years (median), rates were 4.9, 8 and 27.1% for mortality, CVD and hypertension, respectively, but were not associated with birth weight. Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios were not significant for any endpoint in any of the birth weight, UVNA and UNAK strata. Adult body weight tracked with birth weight ( P < 0.0001). The partial r in the low-birth-weight group associating changes from baseline to follow-up in UVNA and SBP was 0.68 ( P = 0.023) but not significant in other birth weight groups. CONCLUSION This study did not substantiate its prior hypothesis but showed tracking of adult with birth weight and suggest that low birth weight increases salt sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ling Yu
- Research Unit Environment and Health, KU Leuven Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Leuven, Leuven
- Non-Profit Research Association Alliance for the Promotion of Preventive Medicine, Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Paula Moliterno
- Escuela de Nutrición, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - De-Wei An
- Research Unit Environment and Health, KU Leuven Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Leuven, Leuven
- Non-Profit Research Association Alliance for the Promotion of Preventive Medicine, Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Anke Raaijmakers
- KU Leuven Department of Development and Regeneration, University of Leuven, Leuven
- Department of Pediatrics, ZNA Hospital Network Antwerp, Antwerp
| | - Dries S. Martens
- Center for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Katarzyna Stolarz-Skrzypek
- First Department of Cardiology, Interventional Electrocardiology and Hypertension, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Sofia Malyutina
- Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine, Internal and Preventive Medicine - Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | | | - Babangida Chori
- Non-Profit Research Association Alliance for the Promotion of Preventive Medicine, Mechelen, Belgium
- Center for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Jan Filipovský
- Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Rajzer
- First Department of Cardiology, Interventional Electrocardiology and Hypertension, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Karel Allegaert
- KU Leuven Department of Development and Regeneration, University of Leuven, Leuven
| | - Kalina Kawecka-Jaszcz
- First Department of Cardiology, Interventional Electrocardiology and Hypertension, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Peter Verhamme
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, and
| | - Tim S. Nawrot
- Research Unit Environment and Health, KU Leuven Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Leuven, Leuven
- Center for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Jan A. Staessen
- Non-Profit Research Association Alliance for the Promotion of Preventive Medicine, Mechelen, Belgium
- Biomedical Science Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - José Boggia
- Centro de Nefrología and Departamento de Fisiopatología, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Wu Y, Zeng F, Li J, Jiang Y, Zhao S, Knibbs LD, Zhang X, Wang Y, Zhang Q, Wang Q, Hu Q, Guo X, Chen Y, Cao G, Wang J, Yang X, Wang X, Liu T, Zhang B. Sex-specific relationships between prenatal exposure to metal mixtures and birth weight in a Chinese birth cohort. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 262:115158. [PMID: 37348214 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Birth weight is an indicator linking intrauterine environmental exposures to later-life diseases, and intrauterine metal exposure may affect birth weight in a sex-specific manner. We investigated sex-specific associations between prenatal exposure to metal mixtures and birth weight in a Chinese birth cohort. The birth weight of 1296 boys and 1098 girls were recorded, and 10 metals in maternal urine samples collected during pregnancy were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression was used to estimate the association of individual metals or metal mixtures and birth weight for gestational age (BW for GA). The model showed a sex-specific relationship between prenatal exposure to metal mixtures and BW for GA with a significant negative association in girls and a non-significant positive association in boys. Cadmium (Cd) and nickel (Ni) were positively and negatively associated with BW for GA in girls, respectively. Moreover, increasing thallium (Tl) concentration lowered the positive association between Cd and BW for GA and enhanced the negative association between Ni and BW for GA in girls. When exposure to other metals increased, the positive association with Cd diminished, whereas the negative association with Ni or Tl increased. Our findings provide evidence supporting the complex effects of intrauterine exposure to metal mixtures on the birth weight of girls and further highlight the sex heterogeneity in fetal development influenced by intrauterine environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fulin Zeng
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Public Health, Food Safety and Health Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinhui Li
- Department of Urology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yukang Jiang
- School of Mathematics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Southern China Center for Statistical Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shi Zhao
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK) Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Luke D Knibbs
- School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Public Health, Food Safety and Health Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yiding Wang
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Public Health, Food Safety and Health Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiansheng Hu
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaobo Guo
- School of Mathematics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Southern China Center for Statistical Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yumeng Chen
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ganxiang Cao
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xingfen Yang
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Public Health, Food Safety and Health Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xueqin Wang
- Department of Statistics and Finance/International Institute of Finance, School of Management, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Disease Control and Prevention Institute of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Bo Zhang
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Public Health, Food Safety and Health Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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9
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Zhou S, Li T, Han N, Zhang Y, Chen G, Ji Y, Li Q, Liu J, Wang H, Hu J, Liu T, Guo Y, Wang HJ. The associations of prenatal exposure to PM 2.5 and its constituents with fetal growth: A prospective birth cohort in Beijing, China. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:114196. [PMID: 36029842 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited studies investigated the association of prenatal exposure to PM2.5 and fetal growth measured by ultrasound with inconsistent results. No study evaluated the effect of PM2.5 constituents on fetal growth in utero. We aimed to investigated whether prenatal exposure to PM2.5 and its constituents was associated with fetal growth measured by ultrasound. METHODS A total of 4319 eligible pregnant women in Peking University Birth Cohort in Tongzhou (PKUBC-T) were included in the study. Based on mothers' residential addresses, we estimated prenatal PM2.5 concentrations with a satellite-based spatiotemporal model and PM2.5 constituents concentrations with a modified Community Multiscale Air Quality model. Fetal growth parameters of abdominal circumference (AC), head circumference (HC), and femur length (FL) were measured by ultrasound and then estimated fetal weight (EFW) was calculated. We calculated sex and gestational age-specific fetal growth Z-score and then defined the corresponding fetal undergrowth. Generalized estimating equation was used to investigate the association of PM2.5 and its constituents with fetal growth Z-score and fetal undergrowth. RESULTS Prenatal exposure to PM2.5, OC, EC, SO42-, NH4+, or NO3- was consistently associated with decreased Z-scores of fetal growth parameters (AC, HC, FL, EFW). One IQR increase of PM2.5, OC, EC, SO42-, NH4+, or NO3- was associated with -0.183 [95% confident interval (CI): -0.225, -0.141], -0.144 (95%CI: -0.181, -0.107), -0.123 (95%CI: -0.160, -0.085), -0.035 (95%CI: -0.055, -0.015), -0.095 (95%CI: -0.126, -0.064), and -0.124 (95%CI: -0.159, -0.088) decrease in EFW Z-score, respectively. Prenatal exposure to PM2.5, OC, EC, SO42-, NH4+, or NO3- was also associated with higher risk of fetal AC, HC, FL or EFW undergrowth. CONCLUSION The study identified that prenatal exposure to PM2.5 or its constituents was associated with impaired fetal growth. The findings provided evidence that control measures for PM2.5 constituents should be implemented for further promoting fetal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhou
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Tiantian Li
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Na Han
- Tongzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Beijing, 101101, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Gongbo Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yuelong Ji
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Qin Li
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jue Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jianlin Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Yuming Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Hai-Jun Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, 100191, China
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Beck AN, Thomas K, Finch BK, Gibbons J. Determining Gentrification's Relationship to Birth Outcomes in Metropolitan California. HOUSING POLICY DEBATE 2022; 33:107-128. [PMID: 37275319 PMCID: PMC10237677 DOI: 10.1080/10511482.2022.2125334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
There is inconsistent evidence as to whether gentrification, the increase of affluent residents into low-income neighborhoods, is detrimental to health. To date, there is no systematic evidence on how gentrification may matter for a range of birth outcomes across cities with varying characteristics. We utilize California's Birth Cohort File (2009-2012), Decennial Census data, and the American Community Survey (2008-2012) to investigate the relationship of gentrification to: preterm birth, low birthweight, and small-for-gestational-age across California. We find that socioeconomic gentrification is uniformly associated with better birth outcomes. Notably, however, we find that only places specifically experiencing increases in non-White gentrification had this positive impact. These associations vary somewhat by maternal characteristics and by type of gentrification measure utilized; discrepancies between alternative measurement strategies are explored. This study provides evidence that socioeconomic gentrification is positively related to birth outcomes and the race-ethnic character of gentrification matters, emphasizing the continued need to examine how gentrification may impact a range of health and social outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey N. Beck
- Department of Sociology, San Diego State University, San Diego, United States
| | - Kyla Thomas
- Dornsife Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles,United States
| | - Brian K. Finch
- Dornsife Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles,United States
| | - Joseph Gibbons
- Department of Sociology, San Diego State University, San Diego, United States
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Wang YX, Li Y, Rich-Edwards JW, Florio AA, Shan Z, Wang S, Manson JE, Mukamal KJ, Rimm EB, Chavarro JE. Associations of birth weight and later life lifestyle factors with risk of cardiovascular disease in the USA: A prospective cohort study. EClinicalMedicine 2022; 51:101570. [PMID: 35875812 PMCID: PMC9304913 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low birth weight has been associated with a greater risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the interaction between low birth weight and adult lifestyle factors on the risk of CVD remains unclear. METHODS We included 20,169 men from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS, 1986-2016), 52,380 women from the Nurses' Health Study (NHS, 1980-2018), and 85,350 women from the Nurses' Health Study II (NHS II, 1991-2017) in the USA who reported birth weight and updated data on adult body weight, smoking status, physical activity, and diet every 2-4 years. Incident cases of CVD, defined as a combined endpoint of fatal and nonfatal coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke, were self-reported and confirmed by physicians through reviewing medical records. FINDINGS During 4,370,051 person-years of follow-up, 16,244 incident CVD cases were documented, including 12,126 CHD and 4118 stroke cases. Cox proportional hazards regression models revealed an increased risk of CHD during adulthood across categories of decreasing birth weight in all cohorts (all P for linear trend <0.001). Additionally, we found an additive interaction between decreasing birth weight and unhealthy lifestyles on the risk of CHD among women, with a pooled relative excess risk due to interaction of 0.06 (95% CI: 0.04-0.08). The attributable proportions of the joint effect were 23.0% (95% CI: 11.0-36.0%) for decreasing birth weight alone, 67.0% (95% CI: 58.0-75.0%) for unhealthy lifestyle alone, and 11.0% (95% CI: 5.0-17.0%) for their additive interaction. Lower birth weight was associated with a greater stroke risk only among women, which was independent of later-life lifestyle factors. INTERPRETATION Lower birth weight may interact synergistically with unhealthy lifestyle factors in adulthood to further increase the risk of CHD among women. FUNDING The National Institutes of Health grants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xin Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Corresponding author at: Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Building II 3rd floor, 655 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115.
| | - Yanping Li
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Janet W. Rich-Edwards
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Women's Health, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrea A. Florio
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhilei Shan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Siwen Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - JoAnn E. Manson
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kenneth J. Mukamal
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Centre, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric B. Rimm
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jorge E. Chavarro
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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12
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Choorakuttil RM, Rajalingam B, Satarkar SR, Sharma LK, Gupta A, Baghel A, Jain N, Palanisamy D, Shenoy R, Senthilvel K, Dhankar S, Aneja K, Dwivedi S, Nagar S, Soni SK, Chhajer G, Pradeep S, Onkar PM, Skandhan AK, Rajput E, Sharma R, Shentar S, Saboo S, Antony A, Nair MB, Patekar TY, Ahuja B, Patel H, Kunnumal M, Sodani RK, Rao MK, Bhatele P, Kavthale S, Patkar D, Singh R, Chelladurai A, Nirmalan PK. Reducing Perinatal Mortality in India: Two-Years Results of the IRIA Fetal Radiology Samrakshan Program. Indian J Radiol Imaging 2022; 32:30-37. [PMID: 35722649 PMCID: PMC9200467 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1741087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Aim The aim of the study is to determine improvements in perinatal mortality at the end of the first 2 years from the initiation of the Samrakshan program of the Indian Radiological and Imaging Association.
Methods Samrakshan is a screening program of pregnant women that uses trimester-specific risk assessment protocols including maternal demographics, mean arterial pressure, and fetal Doppler studies to classify women as high risk or low risk for preterm preeclampsia (PE) and fetal growth restriction (FGR). Low dose aspirin 150 mg daily once at bedtime was started for pregnant women identified as high risk in the 11–136/7 weeks screening. The third-trimester screening focused on the staging of FGR and protocol-based management for childbirth and risk assessment for PE. Outcomes of childbirth including gestational age at delivery, development of PE, and perinatal mortality outcomes were collected.
Results Radiologists from 38 districts of 16 states of India participated in the Samrakshan program that screened 2,816 first trimester, 3,267 second trimester, and 3,272 third trimester pregnant women, respectively. At 2 years, preterm PE was identified in 2.76%, preterm births in 19.28%, abnormal Doppler study in 25.76% of third trimester pregnancies, and 75.32% of stage 1 FGR delivered at term. The neonatal mortality rate was 9.86/1,000 live births, perinatal mortality rate was 18.97/1,000 childbirths, and maternal mortality was 58/100,000 live births compared with 29.5, 36, and 113, respectively in 2016.
Conclusion Fetal Doppler integrated antenatal ultrasound studies in Samrakshan led to a significant reduction in preterm PE rates, preterm birth rates, and a significant improvement in mean birth weights. Perinatal, neonatal, and maternal mortality rates are significantly better than the targets for 2030 set by the Sustainable Development Goals-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rijo M. Choorakuttil
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, AMMA Center for Diagnosis and Preventive Medicine Pvt Ltd, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Bavaharan Rajalingam
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Fetocare Magnum Imaging and Diagnostics, Trichy, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shilpa R. Satarkar
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Antarang Sonography and Colour Doppler Center, Satarkar Hospital, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India
| | - Lalit K. Sharma
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Raj Sonography & X-Ray Clinic, Baiju Choraha, Nayapura, Guna, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Anjali Gupta
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Anjali Ultrasound and Colour Doppler Centre, 2nd floor, Shanti Madhuban Plaza, Delhi Gate, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Akanksha Baghel
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Baghel Sonography Center, Harda, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Neelam Jain
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Jain Ultrasound Centre, Sonari, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India
| | - Devarajan Palanisamy
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Nethra Scans and Genetic Clinic, Tiruppur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramesh Shenoy
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Consultant Radiologist, Lisie Hospital, Ernakulam, Kerala, India
| | | | - Sandhya Dhankar
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Faith Diagnostic Center, Chandigarh, India
| | - Kavita Aneja
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Images Ultrasound Center, Naveda Healthcare Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - Somya Dwivedi
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Qura Diagnostics & Research Center, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Shweta Nagar
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Dr. Shweta Nagar's Ultrasound Clinic & Imaging Centre, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sonali Kimmatkar Soni
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Navya Diagnostic Center, Near Nissan Motors, Walmiki statue, Gawal mandi, Putlighar, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Gulab Chhajer
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Kushal Imaging & Diagnostic Center, Sumerpur, Pali, Rajasthan, India
| | | | | | | | - Eesha Rajput
- Department of Radiology, INHS Dhanvantari, Minnie Bay, Port Blair, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, India
| | - Renu Sharma
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Dr Renu's Diagnostic Center, Sikar, Rajasthan, India
| | - Srinivas Shentar
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Delta Diagnostic Services, Basavanagudi, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Suresh Saboo
- Department of Radiology, JIJU, IIMS Medical College, Jalna, Maharashtra, India
| | - Amel Antony
- Department of Radiology, Lisie Hospital, Kochi, Ernakulam, Kerala, India
| | | | - Tejashree Y. Patekar
- Department of Radiology, Innovision Sonography and Imaging Center, Gangapur, Nashik, India
| | - Bhupendra Ahuja
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Dr. Ahuja Ultrasonography and Colour Doppler Center, Delhi Gate, Agra, (Dr. Sarkar Market), Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Hemant Patel
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Gujarat Imaging Center, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Mohanan Kunnumal
- Vice Chancellor, Kerala University of Health Sciences, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Rajendra K. Sodani
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Sampurna Sodani Diagnostic Clinic, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - M.V. Kameswar Rao
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, MKCG Medical College, Berhampur, Odisha, India
| | - Pushparaj Bhatele
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, MRI Centre, NSCB Medical College, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sandeep Kavthale
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Indian Radiological and Imaging Association (IRIA), India & Vision Diagnostic Center, Maharashtra, India
| | - Deepak Patkar
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Nanavati Super Speciality Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rajeev Singh
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Radiodiagnosis, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Amarnath Chelladurai
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Stanley Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Praveen K. Nirmalan
- Department of Research, AMMA Education and Research Foundation, AMMA Healthcare Research Gurukul, Kochi, Kerala, India
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Nobile S, Di Sipio Morgia C, Vento G. Perinatal Origins of Adult Disease and Opportunities for Health Promotion: A Narrative Review. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12020157. [PMID: 35207646 PMCID: PMC8877993 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12020157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The “developmental origins of health and disease” (DOHaD) hypothesis refers to the influence of early developmental exposures and fetal growth on the risk of chronic diseases in later periods. During fetal and early postnatal life, cell differentiation and tissue formation are influenced by several factors. The interaction between genes and environment in prenatal and early postnatal periods appears to be critical for the onset of multiple diseases in adulthood. Important factors influencing this interaction include genetic predisposition, regulation of gene expression, and changes in microbiota. Premature birth and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) are other important factors considered by the DOHaD hypothesis. Preterm birth is associated with impaired or arrested structural or functional development of key organs/systems, making preterm infants vulnerable to cardiovascular, respiratory, and chronic renal diseases during adulthood. Growth restriction, defined as impaired fetal growth compared to expected biological potential in utero, is an additional negative factor increasing the risk of subsequent diseases. Environmental factors implicated in the developmental programming of diseases include exposure to pollution, stress, drugs, toxic agents, nutrition, and exercise. The DOHaD may explain numerous conditions, including cardiovascular, metabolic, respiratory, neuropsychiatric, and renal diseases. Potential antenatal and postnatal preventive measures, interventions, and future directions are discussed.
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Association of increased abdominal adiposity at birth with altered ventral caudate microstructure. Int J Obes (Lond) 2021; 45:2396-2403. [PMID: 34282269 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00905-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neonatal adiposity is associated with a higher risk of obesity and cardiometabolic risk factors in later life. It is however unknown if central food intake regulating networks in the ventral striatum are altered with in-utero abdominal growth, indexed by neonatal adiposity in our current study. We aim to examine the relationship between striatal microstructure and abdominal adipose tissue compartments (AATCs) in Asian neonates from the Growing Up in Singapore Toward healthy Outcomes mother-offspring cohort. STUDY DESIGN About 109 neonates were included in this study. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed for the brain and abdominal regions between 5 to 17 days of life. Diffusion-weighted imaging of the brain was performed for the derivation of caudate and putamen fractional anisotropy (FA). Abdominal imaging was performed to quantify AATCs namely superficial subcutaneous adipose tissue (sSAT), deep subcutaneous adipose tissue (dSAT), and internal adipose tissue (IAT). Absolute and percentage adipose tissue of total abdominal volume (TAV) were calculated. RESULTS We showed that AATCs at birth were significantly associated with increased FA in bilateral ventral caudate heads which are part of the ventral striatum (sSAT: βleft = 0.56, p < 0.001; βright = 0.65, p < 0.001, dSAT: βleft = 0.43, p < 0.001; βright = 0.52, p < 0.001, IAT: βleft = 0.30, p = 0.005; βright = 0.32, p = 0.002) in neonates with low birth weights adjusted for gestational age. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides preliminary evidence of a potential relationship between neonatal adiposity and in-utero programming of the ventral striatum, a brain structure that governs feeding behavior.
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15
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Association of prenatal sex steroid exposure estimated by the digit ratio (2D:4D) with birth weight, BMI and muscle strength in 6- to 13-year-old Polish children. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258179. [PMID: 34606496 PMCID: PMC8489707 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this paper was to provide evidence for the impact of prenatal sex steroid exposure on prenatal and postnatal body size parameters, and muscle strength in children. Methods The following anthropometric data were studied in a group of 1148 children (536 boys and 612 girls) aged 6–13 years: the 2D:4D digit ratio, birth weight and length, and birth head and chest circumference. Postnatal parameters (6–13 years) included body weight and height, BMI, waist and hip circumference, WHR, as well as grip strength in both hands. All parameters that required it were adjusted for sex and gestational or chronological age. A general linear model, Pearson’s correlation, t-statistics and Cohen’s Δ were used in statistical analysis. Results Among birth size parameters, only birth weight was significantly negatively correlated with the 2D:4D digit ratio in children. Higher (feminized) digit ratios were significantly correlated with postnatal parameters such as body weight, BMI, and waist and hip circumference (positively), as well as hand grip strength–a proxy for muscular strength (negatively). Conclusion Problems with maintaining adequate body size parameters and muscle strength may be programmed in fetal life and predicted on the basis of the 2D:4D digit ratio. Body weight at birth and in early ontogenesis are additive correlates of the 2D:4D ratio. The present findings suggest that the 2D:4D digit ratio is related to postnatal phenotypes such as birth weight, overweight, and obesity as well as muscle strength in 6–13-year-old children of both sexes.
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Lilja L, Bygdell M, Martikainen J, Rosengren A, Ohlsson C, Kindblom JM. Low Birth Weight as an Early-Life Risk Factor for Adult Stroke Among Men. J Pediatr 2021; 237:162-167.e4. [PMID: 34186103 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2021.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between birth weight and the risk of adult stroke in men, independent of body mass index (BMI) at young adult age. STUDY DESIGN We included 35 659 men born between 1945 and 1961 from the BMI Epidemiology Study with data on birth weight together with BMI in childhood (8 years) and young adulthood (20 years). Information on stroke events (1184 first stroke events; 905 ischemic stroke [IS] events and 234 intracerebral hemorrhage [ICH] events) was retrieved from national registers in Sweden. RESULTS Birth weight was inversely associated with the risk of stroke (IS, ICH and uncategorized together; hazard ratio [HR], 0.88 per SD increase, 95% CI, 0.84-0.93), IS, and ICH in a linear manner, independent of young adult BMI. This association was maintained when the analysis was restricted to individuals within the normal birth weight range only. Moreover, individuals with a birth weight in the lowest tertile followed by overweight at 20 years had an 81% greater risk of stroke (HR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.29; 2.54), compared with a reference group of individuals with birth weight in the middle tertile who were of normal weight at age 20 years. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate an inverse association between birth weight and the risk of adult stroke, IS, and ICH independent of young adult BMI. These findings suggest that low birth weight should be included in assessments of stroke risk in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Lilja
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Region Västra Götaland, Research and Development Primary Health Care and Kungshöjd Pediatric Clinic, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria Bygdell
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jari Martikainen
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Annika Rosengren
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Drug Treatment, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jenny M Kindblom
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Pediatric Clinical Research Center, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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17
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Meyer JF, Larsen SB, Blond K, Damsgaard CT, Bjerregaard LG, Baker JL. Associations between body mass index and height during childhood and adolescence and the risk of coronary heart disease in adulthood: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev 2021; 22:e13276. [PMID: 33960625 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Body mass index (BMI) at child and adolescent ages is positively associated with adult coronary heart disease (CHD) whereas height at these ages may be inversely associated with CHD. However, potential effects of age, sex, and socioeconomic status on associations between BMI and CHD are less investigated. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of BMI and height at ages 2-19 years in relation to adult CHD and examined effects of age, sex, socioeconomic status, and other factors. Twenty-two studies on BMI and five on height were included, comprising 5,538,319 individuals and 69,830 CHD events. Random effects meta-analyses were conducted. Child and adolescent BMI were positively associated with CHD (hazard ratio = 1.12; 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.01, 1.25] per standard deviation [SD]), and categorical analyses supported these findings. The associations did not significantly differ by age, sex, or by adjustment for socioeconomic status. Child and adolescent height were inversely associated with CHD (hazard ratio = 0.87; 95% CI [0.81, 0.93] per SD), and categorical analyses agreed. Insufficient studies on height precluded subgroup analyses. Heterogeneity was generally high in all analyses. We found that BMI in youth is positively associated with adult CHD regardless of sex or adjustment for socioeconomic status whereas height is inversely associated with later risk of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie F Meyer
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Sara B Larsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Kim Blond
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camilla T Damsgaard
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Lise G Bjerregaard
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jennifer L Baker
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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18
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Liang J, Xu C, Liu Q, Fan X, Xu J, Zhang L, Hang D, Shang H, Gu A. Association between birth weight and risk of cardiovascular disease: Evidence from UK Biobank. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:2637-2643. [PMID: 34218988 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2021.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Birth weight has been linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in adulthood, but no consensus has emerged on the threshold of birth weight for the lowest CVD risk and few studies have examined potential interaction between birth weight and adult adiposity. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 256,787 participants, who had birth weight data and were free of CVD at baseline, were included from UK Biobank. Multivariate restricted cubic splines and Cox regression models were used to assess the association between birth weight and CVD. We observed nonlinear inverse associations of birth weight with the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, and heart failure. Participants with the first quintile of birth weight (≤2.85 kg) had higher risks for CHD (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.23, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.15-1.32), stroke (HR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.03-1.37), and heart failure (HR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.11-1.48), as compared to the fourth quintile (3.41-3.79 kg). There was a significant interaction between birth weight and adult body mass index (BMI) on CHD and heart failure (both P for interaction <0.001), showing the highest risk for those who had birth weight ≤2.85 kg and BMI ≥30 kg/m2 (HR = 1.96, 95% CI: 1.70-2.25 and HR = 2.39, 95% CI: 1.77-3.22, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate nonlinear inverse associations between birth weight and CVD risk, with a threshold of 3.41-3.79 kg for the lowest risk. Moreover, low birth weight may interact with adult obesity to increase the risk of CHD and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjia Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xikang Fan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liye Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dong Hang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Hongcai Shang
- Key laboratory of Chinese internal medicine of MOE and Beijing, Beijing university of Chinese medicine, China.
| | - Aihua Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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19
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Kurabayashi T, Mizunuma H, Kubota T, Nagai K, Hayashi K. Low Birth Weight and Prematurity Are Associated with Hypertensive Disorder of Pregnancy in Later Life: A Cross-Sectional Study in Japan. Am J Perinatol 2021; 38:1096-1102. [PMID: 32120423 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1705134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We previously reported that hypertensive disorder of pregnancy (HDP) was a risk factor for hypertension and hypercholesterolemia in later life. Additionally, the age-adjusted odds ratio (OR) of HDP was 2.72 for Japanese women whose mothers had a history of HDP versus those whose mothers did not. This study aimed to clarify the association of HDP with birth weight and gestational age. STUDY DESIGN A self-administered baseline survey of the Japanese Nurses' Health Study (JNHS) cohort was conducted from 2001 to 2007. Data on 17,278 parous female nurses who knew their own birth weights were extracted from the JNHS baseline survey (n = 49,927) and subjected to cross-sectional, retrospective analysis. Data on weeks of gestation, birth weight, and history of HDP were collected. RESULTS The age-adjusted ORs for HDP were 1.62 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.20-2.19) for birth weight <2,000 g, 1.24 (CI: 1.04-1.48) for 2,000 to 2,499 g, 1.11 (CI: 1.00-1.23) for 2,500 to 2,999 g, and 1.08 (CI: 0.94-1.24) for ≥3,500 g compared with 3,000 to 3,499 g. The age-adjusted ORs for HDP were 1.27 (95% CI: 1.04-1.54) for a gestational age < 37 weeks and 0.93 (0.70-1.23) for ≥42 weeks compared with 37-41 weeks. The age-adjusted OR of the birth weight score for HDP in later life was 0.98 (CI: 0.94-1.03; Cochran-Armitage trend test: z = 0.401, p = 0.688). CONCLUSION Among women in Japan, a history of low birth weight and prematurity are risk factors for HDP in later life. The risk of HDP among women born with low birth weight and/or premature deserves attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Kurabayashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata City General Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hideki Mizunuma
- Fukushima Medical Center for Children and Women, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | | | - Kazue Nagai
- Unit of Community Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Hayashi
- Unit of Community Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
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20
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Li X, Yang R, Yang W, Xu H, Song R, Qi X, Xu W. Association of low birth weight with cardiometabolic diseases in Swedish twins: a population-based cohort study. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e048030. [PMID: 34183347 PMCID: PMC8240562 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-048030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the association between low birth weight (LBW) and cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs, including heart disease, stroke and type 2 diabetes mellitus) in adulthood, and to explore whether genetic, early-life environmental and healthy lifestyle factors play a role in this association. DESIGN A population-based twin study. SETTING Twins from the Swedish Twin Registry who were born in 1958 or earlier participated in the Screening Across the Lifespan Twin (SALT) study for a full-scale screening during 1998-2002 and were followed up until 2014. PARTICIPANTS 19 779 twin individuals in Sweden with birthweight data available (mean age: 55.45 years). PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES CMDs were assessed based on self-reported medical records, medication use and records from the National Patient Registry. A lifestyle index encompassing smoking status, alcohol consumption, exercise levels and Body Mass Index was derived from the SALT survey and categorised as unfavourable, intermediate or favourable. Data were analysed using generalised estimating equation (GEE) models and conditional logistic regression models. RESULTS Of all participants, 3998 (20.2%) had LBW and 5335 (27.0%) had incident CMDs (mean age at onset: 63.64±13.26 years). In GEE models, the OR of any CMD was 1.39 (95% CI 1.27 to 1.52) for LBW. In conditional logistic regression models, the LBW-CMD association became non-significant (OR=1.21, 95% CI 0.94 to 1.56). The difference in ORs from the two models was statistically significant (p<0.001). In the joint effect analysis, the multiadjusted OR of CMDs was 3.47 (95% CI 2.72 to 4.43) for participants with LBW plus an unfavourable lifestyle and 1.25 (95% CI 0.96 to 1.62) for those with LBW plus a favourable lifestyle. CONCLUSION LBW is associated with an increased risk of adult CMDs, and genetic and early-life environmental factors may account for this association. However, a favourable lifestyle profile may modify this risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuerui Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
- Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Rongrong Yang
- Public Health Science and Engineering College, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenzhe Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
- Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Big Data and Engineering Research Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Ruixue Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
- Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiuying Qi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
- Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Weili Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
- Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Health Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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21
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Madden RA, McCartney DL, Walker RM, Hillary RF, Bermingham ML, Rawlik K, Morris SW, Campbell A, Porteous DJ, Deary IJ, Evans KL, Hafferty J, McIntosh AM, Marioni RE. Birth weight associations with DNA methylation differences in an adult population. Epigenetics 2021; 16:783-796. [PMID: 33079621 PMCID: PMC8216207 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2020.1827713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) theory predicts that prenatal and early life events shape adult health outcomes. Birth weight is a useful indicator of the foetal experience and has been associated with multiple adult health outcomes. DNA methylation (DNAm) is one plausible mechanism behind the relationship of birth weight to adult health. Through data linkage between Generation Scotland and historic Scottish birth cohorts, and birth records held through the NHS Information and Statistics Division, a sample of 1,757 individuals with available birth weight and DNAm data was derived. Epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) were performed in two independently generated DNAm subgroups (nSet1 = 1,395, nSet2 = 362), relating adult DNAm from whole blood to birth weight. Meta-analysis yielded one genome-wide significant CpG site (p = 5.97x10-9), cg00966482. There was minimal evidence for attenuation of the effect sizes for the lead loci upon adjustment for numerous potential confounder variables (body mass index, educational attainment, and socioeconomic status). Associations between birth weight and epigenetic measures of biological age were also assessed. Associations between lower birth weight and higher Grim Age acceleration (p(FDR) = 3.6x10-3) and shorter DNAm-derived telomere length (p(FDR) = 1.7x10-3) are described, although results for three other epigenetic clocks were null. Our results provide support for an association between birth weight and DNAm both locally at one CpG site, and globally via biological ageing estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A. Madden
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Daniel L. McCartney
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Rosie M. Walker
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Robert F. Hillary
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mairead L. Bermingham
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Konrad Rawlik
- The Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
| | - Stewart W. Morris
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Archie Campbell
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David J. Porteous
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ian J. Deary
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kathryn L. Evans
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jonathan Hafferty
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Andrew M. McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Riccardo E. Marioni
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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22
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Guillemette L, Wicklow B, Sellers EAC, Dart A, Shen GX, Dolinsky VW, Gordon JW, Jassal DS, Nickel N, Duhamel TA, Chateau D, Prior HJ, McGavock J. Intrauterine exposure to diabetes and risk of cardiovascular disease in adolescence and early adulthood: a population-based birth cohort study. CMAJ 2021; 192:E1104-E1113. [PMID: 32989023 DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.190797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unclear whether intrauterine exposure to maternal diabetes is associated with risk factors for cardiovascular disease and related end points in adulthood. We examined this potential association in a population-based birth cohort followed up to age 35 years. METHODS We performed a cohort study of offspring born between 1979 and 2005 (n = 293 546) and followed until March 2015 in Manitoba, Canada, using registry-based administrative data. The primary exposures were intrauterine exposure to gestational diabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The primary outcome was a composite measure of incident cardiovascular disease events, and the secondary outcome was a composite of risk factors for cardiovascular disease in offspring followed up to age 35 years. RESULTS The cohort provided 3 628 576 person-years of data (mean age at latest follow-up 20.5 [standard deviation 6.4] years, 49.3% female); 2765 (0.9%) of the offspring experienced a cardiovascular disease end point, and 12 673 (4.3%) experienced a cardiovascular disease risk factor. After propensity score matching, the hazard for cardiovascular disease end points was elevated in offspring exposed to gestational diabetes (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.42, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.12-1.79) but not type 2 diabetes (adjusted HR 1.40, 95% CI 0.98-2.01). A similar association was observed for cardiovascular disease risk factors (gestational diabetes: adjusted HR 1.92, 95% CI 1.75-2.11; type 2 diabetes: adjusted HR 3.40, 95% CI 3.00-3.85). INTERPRETATION Intrauterine exposure to maternal diabetes was associated with higher morbidity and risk related to cardiovascular disease among offspring up to 35 years of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Guillemette
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba (Guillemette, Wicklow, Sellers, Dart, Shen, Dolinsky, Gordon, McGavock); Developmental Origins of Health and Disease Research Network (DEVOTION) (Guillemette, Nickel, McGavock) and Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme (Wicklow, Sellers, Dart, Dolinsky, Gordon, McGavock), Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba; Rady Faculty of Health Sciences (Shen), Section of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences (Jassal), Department of Community Health Sciences (Chateau), Health, Leisure and Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management (Duhamel), University of Manitoba; Manitoba Centre for Health Policy (Nickel, Chateau, Prior), Winnipeg, Man
| | - Brandy Wicklow
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba (Guillemette, Wicklow, Sellers, Dart, Shen, Dolinsky, Gordon, McGavock); Developmental Origins of Health and Disease Research Network (DEVOTION) (Guillemette, Nickel, McGavock) and Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme (Wicklow, Sellers, Dart, Dolinsky, Gordon, McGavock), Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba; Rady Faculty of Health Sciences (Shen), Section of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences (Jassal), Department of Community Health Sciences (Chateau), Health, Leisure and Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management (Duhamel), University of Manitoba; Manitoba Centre for Health Policy (Nickel, Chateau, Prior), Winnipeg, Man
| | - Elizabeth A C Sellers
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba (Guillemette, Wicklow, Sellers, Dart, Shen, Dolinsky, Gordon, McGavock); Developmental Origins of Health and Disease Research Network (DEVOTION) (Guillemette, Nickel, McGavock) and Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme (Wicklow, Sellers, Dart, Dolinsky, Gordon, McGavock), Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba; Rady Faculty of Health Sciences (Shen), Section of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences (Jassal), Department of Community Health Sciences (Chateau), Health, Leisure and Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management (Duhamel), University of Manitoba; Manitoba Centre for Health Policy (Nickel, Chateau, Prior), Winnipeg, Man
| | - Allison Dart
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba (Guillemette, Wicklow, Sellers, Dart, Shen, Dolinsky, Gordon, McGavock); Developmental Origins of Health and Disease Research Network (DEVOTION) (Guillemette, Nickel, McGavock) and Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme (Wicklow, Sellers, Dart, Dolinsky, Gordon, McGavock), Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba; Rady Faculty of Health Sciences (Shen), Section of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences (Jassal), Department of Community Health Sciences (Chateau), Health, Leisure and Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management (Duhamel), University of Manitoba; Manitoba Centre for Health Policy (Nickel, Chateau, Prior), Winnipeg, Man
| | - Garry X Shen
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba (Guillemette, Wicklow, Sellers, Dart, Shen, Dolinsky, Gordon, McGavock); Developmental Origins of Health and Disease Research Network (DEVOTION) (Guillemette, Nickel, McGavock) and Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme (Wicklow, Sellers, Dart, Dolinsky, Gordon, McGavock), Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba; Rady Faculty of Health Sciences (Shen), Section of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences (Jassal), Department of Community Health Sciences (Chateau), Health, Leisure and Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management (Duhamel), University of Manitoba; Manitoba Centre for Health Policy (Nickel, Chateau, Prior), Winnipeg, Man
| | - Vernon W Dolinsky
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba (Guillemette, Wicklow, Sellers, Dart, Shen, Dolinsky, Gordon, McGavock); Developmental Origins of Health and Disease Research Network (DEVOTION) (Guillemette, Nickel, McGavock) and Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme (Wicklow, Sellers, Dart, Dolinsky, Gordon, McGavock), Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba; Rady Faculty of Health Sciences (Shen), Section of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences (Jassal), Department of Community Health Sciences (Chateau), Health, Leisure and Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management (Duhamel), University of Manitoba; Manitoba Centre for Health Policy (Nickel, Chateau, Prior), Winnipeg, Man
| | - Joseph W Gordon
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba (Guillemette, Wicklow, Sellers, Dart, Shen, Dolinsky, Gordon, McGavock); Developmental Origins of Health and Disease Research Network (DEVOTION) (Guillemette, Nickel, McGavock) and Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme (Wicklow, Sellers, Dart, Dolinsky, Gordon, McGavock), Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba; Rady Faculty of Health Sciences (Shen), Section of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences (Jassal), Department of Community Health Sciences (Chateau), Health, Leisure and Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management (Duhamel), University of Manitoba; Manitoba Centre for Health Policy (Nickel, Chateau, Prior), Winnipeg, Man
| | - Davinder S Jassal
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba (Guillemette, Wicklow, Sellers, Dart, Shen, Dolinsky, Gordon, McGavock); Developmental Origins of Health and Disease Research Network (DEVOTION) (Guillemette, Nickel, McGavock) and Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme (Wicklow, Sellers, Dart, Dolinsky, Gordon, McGavock), Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba; Rady Faculty of Health Sciences (Shen), Section of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences (Jassal), Department of Community Health Sciences (Chateau), Health, Leisure and Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management (Duhamel), University of Manitoba; Manitoba Centre for Health Policy (Nickel, Chateau, Prior), Winnipeg, Man
| | - Nathan Nickel
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba (Guillemette, Wicklow, Sellers, Dart, Shen, Dolinsky, Gordon, McGavock); Developmental Origins of Health and Disease Research Network (DEVOTION) (Guillemette, Nickel, McGavock) and Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme (Wicklow, Sellers, Dart, Dolinsky, Gordon, McGavock), Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba; Rady Faculty of Health Sciences (Shen), Section of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences (Jassal), Department of Community Health Sciences (Chateau), Health, Leisure and Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management (Duhamel), University of Manitoba; Manitoba Centre for Health Policy (Nickel, Chateau, Prior), Winnipeg, Man
| | - Todd A Duhamel
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba (Guillemette, Wicklow, Sellers, Dart, Shen, Dolinsky, Gordon, McGavock); Developmental Origins of Health and Disease Research Network (DEVOTION) (Guillemette, Nickel, McGavock) and Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme (Wicklow, Sellers, Dart, Dolinsky, Gordon, McGavock), Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba; Rady Faculty of Health Sciences (Shen), Section of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences (Jassal), Department of Community Health Sciences (Chateau), Health, Leisure and Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management (Duhamel), University of Manitoba; Manitoba Centre for Health Policy (Nickel, Chateau, Prior), Winnipeg, Man
| | - Dan Chateau
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba (Guillemette, Wicklow, Sellers, Dart, Shen, Dolinsky, Gordon, McGavock); Developmental Origins of Health and Disease Research Network (DEVOTION) (Guillemette, Nickel, McGavock) and Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme (Wicklow, Sellers, Dart, Dolinsky, Gordon, McGavock), Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba; Rady Faculty of Health Sciences (Shen), Section of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences (Jassal), Department of Community Health Sciences (Chateau), Health, Leisure and Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management (Duhamel), University of Manitoba; Manitoba Centre for Health Policy (Nickel, Chateau, Prior), Winnipeg, Man
| | - Heather J Prior
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba (Guillemette, Wicklow, Sellers, Dart, Shen, Dolinsky, Gordon, McGavock); Developmental Origins of Health and Disease Research Network (DEVOTION) (Guillemette, Nickel, McGavock) and Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme (Wicklow, Sellers, Dart, Dolinsky, Gordon, McGavock), Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba; Rady Faculty of Health Sciences (Shen), Section of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences (Jassal), Department of Community Health Sciences (Chateau), Health, Leisure and Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management (Duhamel), University of Manitoba; Manitoba Centre for Health Policy (Nickel, Chateau, Prior), Winnipeg, Man
| | - Jonathan McGavock
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba (Guillemette, Wicklow, Sellers, Dart, Shen, Dolinsky, Gordon, McGavock); Developmental Origins of Health and Disease Research Network (DEVOTION) (Guillemette, Nickel, McGavock) and Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme (Wicklow, Sellers, Dart, Dolinsky, Gordon, McGavock), Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba; Rady Faculty of Health Sciences (Shen), Section of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences (Jassal), Department of Community Health Sciences (Chateau), Health, Leisure and Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management (Duhamel), University of Manitoba; Manitoba Centre for Health Policy (Nickel, Chateau, Prior), Winnipeg, Man.
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Sex-dependent vulnerability of fetal nonhuman primate cardiac mitochondria to moderate maternal nutrient reduction. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:1103-1126. [PMID: 33899910 DOI: 10.1042/cs20201339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Poor maternal nutrition in pregnancy affects fetal development, predisposing offspring to cardiometabolic diseases. The role of mitochondria during fetal development on later-life cardiac dysfunction caused by maternal nutrient reduction (MNR) remains unexplored. We hypothesized that MNR during gestation causes fetal cardiac bioenergetic deficits, compromising cardiac mitochondrial metabolism and reserve capacity. To enable human translation, we developed a primate baboon model (Papio spp.) of moderate MNR in which mothers receive 70% of control nutrition during pregnancy, resulting in intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) offspring and later exhibiting myocardial remodeling and heart failure at human equivalent ∼25 years. Term control and MNR baboon offspring were necropsied following cesarean-section, and left ventricle (LV) samples were collected. MNR adversely impacted fetal cardiac LV mitochondria in a sex-dependent fashion. Increased maternal plasma aspartate aminotransferase, creatine phosphokinase (CPK), and elevated cortisol levels in MNR concomitant with decreased blood insulin in male fetal MNR were measured. MNR resulted in a two-fold increase in fetal LV mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). MNR resulted in increased transcripts for several respiratory chain (NDUFB8, UQCRC1, and cytochrome c) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase proteins. However, MNR fetal LV mitochondrial complex I and complex II/III activities were significantly decreased, possibly contributing to the 73% decreased ATP content and increased lipid peroxidation. MNR fetal LV showed mitochondria with sparse and disarranged cristae dysmorphology. Conclusion: MNR disruption of fetal cardiac mitochondrial fitness likely contributes to the documented developmental programming of adult cardiac dysfunction, indicating a programmed mitochondrial inability to deliver sufficient energy to cardiac tissues as a chronic mechanism for later-life heart failure.
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Pool LR, Aguayo L, Brzezinski M, Perak AM, Davis MM, Greenland P, Hou L, Marino BS, Van Horn L, Wakschlag L, Labarthe D, Lloyd-Jones D, Allen NB. Childhood Risk Factors and Adulthood Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review. J Pediatr 2021; 232:118-126.e23. [PMID: 33516680 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2021.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To conduct a comprehensive review of the literature on childhood risk factors and their associations with adulthood subclinical and clinical cardiovascular disease (CVD). STUDY DESIGN A systematic search was performed using the MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Web of Science databases to identify English-language articles published through June 2018. Articles were included if they were longitudinal studies in community-based populations, the primary exposure occurred during childhood, and the primary outcome was either a measure of subclinical CVD or a clinical CVD event occurring in adulthood. Two independent reviewers screened determined whether eligibility criteria were met. RESULTS There were 210 articles that met the predefined criteria. The greatest number of publications examined associations of clinical risk factors, including childhood adiposity, blood pressure, and cholesterol, with the development of adult CVD. Few studies examined childhood lifestyle factors including diet quality, physical activity, and tobacco exposure. Domains of risk beyond "traditional" cardiovascular risk factors, such as childhood psychosocial adversity, seemed to have strong published associations with the development of CVD. CONCLUSIONS Although the evidence was fairly consistent in direction and magnitude for exposures such as childhood adiposity, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia, significant gaps remain in the understanding of how childhood health and behaviors translate to the risk of adulthood CVD, particularly in lesser studied exposures like glycemic indicators, physical activity, diet quality, very early life course exposure, and population subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay R Pool
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.
| | - Liliana Aguayo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Michal Brzezinski
- Department of Public Health and Social Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Amanda M Perak
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Matthew M Davis
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Division of Academic General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Philip Greenland
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Lifang Hou
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Bradley S Marino
- Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Linda Van Horn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Lauren Wakschlag
- Division of Academic General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Darwin Labarthe
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Division of Academic General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Donald Lloyd-Jones
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Division of Academic General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Norrina B Allen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Division of Academic General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL
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Golden TN, Simmons RA. Immune dysfunction in developmental programming of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2021; 17:235-245. [PMID: 33526907 PMCID: PMC7969450 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-020-00464-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a common complication of pregnancy and increases the risk of the offspring developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) later in life. Alterations in the immune system are implicated in the pathogenesis of IUGR-induced T2DM. The development of the fetal immune system is a delicate balance as it must remain tolerant of maternal antigens whilst also preparing for the post-birth environment. In addition, the fetal immune system is susceptible to an altered intrauterine milieu caused by maternal and placental inflammatory mediators or secondary to nutrient and oxygen deprivation. Pancreatic-resident macrophages populate the pancreas during fetal development, and their phenotype is dynamic through the neonatal period. Furthermore, macrophages in the islets are instrumental in islet development as they influence β-cell proliferation and islet neogenesis. In addition, cytokines, derived from β-cells and macrophages, are important to islet homeostasis in the fetus and adult and, when perturbed, can cause islet dysfunction. Several activated immune pathways have been identified in the islets of people who experienced IUGR, with alternations in the levels of IL-1β and IL-4 as well as changes in TGFβ signalling. Leptin levels are also altered. Immunomodulation has shown therapeutic benefit in T2DM and might be particularly useful in IUGR-induced T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thea N Golden
- Center for Research on Reproduction and Women's Health, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rebecca A Simmons
- Center for Research on Reproduction and Women's Health, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Farinella R, Erbi I, Bedini A, Donato S, Gentiluomo M, Angelucci C, Lupetti A, Cuttano A, Moscuzza F, Tuoni C, Rizzato C, Ciantelli M, Campa D. Polymorphic variants in Sweet and Umami taste receptor genes and birthweight. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4971. [PMID: 33654187 PMCID: PMC7925569 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84491-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The first thousand days of life from conception have a significant impact on the health status with short, and long-term effects. Among several anthropometric and maternal lifestyle parameters birth weight plays a crucial role on the growth and neurological development of infants. Recent genome wide association studies (GWAS) have demonstrated a robust foetal and maternal genetic background of birth weight, however only a small proportion of the genetic hereditability has been already identified. Considering the extensive number of phenotypes on which they are involved, we focused on identifying the possible effect of genetic variants belonging to taste receptor genes and birthweight. In the human genome there are two taste receptors family the bitter receptors (TAS2Rs) and the sweet and umami receptors (TAS1Rs). In particular sweet perception is due to a heterodimeric receptor encoded by the TAS1R2 and the TAS1R3 gene, while the umami taste receptor is encoded by the TAS1R1 and the TAS1R3 genes. We observed that carriers of the T allele of the TAS1R1-rs4908932 SNPs showed an increase in birthweight compared to GG homozygotes Coeff: 87.40 (35.13-139.68) p-value = 0.001. The association remained significant after correction for multiple testing. TAS1R1-rs4908932 is a potentially functional SNP and is in linkage disequilibrium with another polymorphism that has been associated with BMI in adults showing the importance of this variant from the early stages of conception through all the adult life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ilaria Erbi
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alice Bedini
- Division of Neonatology, Santa Chiara Hospital, Via Roma, 67, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sara Donato
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Claudia Angelucci
- Division of Neonatology, Santa Chiara Hospital, Via Roma, 67, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonella Lupetti
- Department of Translation Research and of New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Armando Cuttano
- Division of Neonatology, Santa Chiara Hospital, Via Roma, 67, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Moscuzza
- Division of Neonatology, Santa Chiara Hospital, Via Roma, 67, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Cristina Tuoni
- Division of Neonatology, Santa Chiara Hospital, Via Roma, 67, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Cosmeri Rizzato
- Department of Translation Research and of New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Daniele Campa
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Al Salmi I, Hannawi S. Birth weight is inversely correlated with blood pressure: population-based study. J Hypertens 2020; 38:2205-2214. [PMID: 32649634 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000002545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND METHOD The current representative national cross-sectional study examines the association of birth weight and blood pressure (BP) among the adult Australian population.Questions about birth weight were added to the second round of AusDiab study. Hypertension was defined based on WHO (≥140/90), and NCEP-ATPIII (≥130/85). Both definitions were examined against the continuous birth weight and dichotomous variable of low birth weight (LBW); less than 2.5 kg, adjusting for age, BMI, physical activity, smoking, alcohol intake and socioeconomic factors. RESULTS A total of 4502 respondents reported their birth weights with a mean (SD) of 3.37 (0.7) kg. Females with LBW had significantly higher mean SBP and DBP than those with normal birth weight. This relationship persisted with adjustments for various confounding factors. Males with LBW showed a trend towards a higher SBP and DBP, though NS, than normal birth weight more than 2.5 kg. LBW individuals, less than 2.5 kg were at higher risk for having high SBP hypertension at least 140/90 mmHg and at least 130/85 mmHg compared with those with normal birth weight. Among females, for each kilogramme of birth weight, there was a predicted decrease of 1.59 (0.7, 2.5) mmHg in SBP, P = 0.001 and 0.85 (0.2, 1.5) mmHg in DBP, P = 0.001; after adjustments for age, body size, physical activity, smoking status, alcohol intake and socioeconomic factors. Among males, for each kilogramme of birth weight, there was a decrease of 1.74 (0.7, 2.8) mmHg in SBP, P = 0.002 and 1.06 (0.3, 1.9) mmHg in DBP, P = 0.008 after adjustments for all confounding factor. CONCLUSION This study has examined the association of birth weight and BP in a representative adult population. LBW was significantly associated with the risk of developing high BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Issa Al Salmi
- The Renal Medicine Department, The Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman
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Wang T, Tang Z, Yu X, Gao Y, Guan F, Li C, Huang S, Zheng J, Zeng P. Birth Weight and Stroke in Adult Life: Genetic Correlation and Causal Inference With Genome-Wide Association Data Sets. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:479. [PMID: 32595438 PMCID: PMC7301963 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Prior studies have shown that there is an inverse association between birth weight and stroke in adulthood; however, whether such association is causal remains yet known and those studies cannot distinguish between the direct fetal effect and the indirect maternal effect. The aim of the study is to untangle such relationship using novel statistical genetic approaches. Methods We first utilized linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC) and Genetic analysis incorporating Pleiotropy and Annotation (GPA) to estimate the overall genetic correlation between birth weight and stroke. Then, with a set of valid birth-weight instruments which had adjusted fetal and maternal effects, we performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) to evaluate its causal effect on stroke based summary statistics from large scale genome-wide association study (GWAS) (n = 264,498 for birth weight and 446,696 for stroke). We further validated the MR results with extensive sensitivity analyses. Results Both LDSC and GPA demonstrated significant evidence of shared maternal genetic foundation between birth weight and stroke, with the genetic correlation estimated to −0.176. However, no fetal genetic correlation between birth weight and stroke was detected. Furthermore, the inverse variance weighted MR demonstrated the maternally causal effect of birth weight on stroke was 1.12 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00–1.27). The maternal ORs of birth weight on three subtypes of stroke including cardioembolic stroke (CES), large artery stroke (LAS) and small vessel stroke (SVS) were 1.16 (95% CI 0.93–1.43), 1.50 (95% CI 1.14–1.96) and 1.47 (95% CI 1.15–1.87), respectively. In contrast, no fetal causal associations were found between birth weight and stroke or the subtypes. Those results were robust against extensive sensitivity analyses, with Egger regression ruling out the possibility of pleiotropy and multivariable MR excluding the likelihood of confounding or mediation effects of other risk factors of stroke. Conclusion This study provides empirically supportive evidence on the fetal developmental origins of stroke and its subtypes. However, further investigation is warranted to understand the pathophysiological role of low birth weight in developing stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zaixiang Tang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xinghao Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yixing Gao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Fengjun Guan
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Chengzong Li
- Center of Stroke and Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Shuiping Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Junnian Zheng
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Ping Zeng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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Mohseni R, Mohammed SH, Safabakhsh M, Mohseni F, Monfared ZS, Seyyedi J, Mejareh ZN, Alizadeh S. Birth Weight and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Incidence in Adulthood: a Dose-Response Meta-analysis. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2020; 22:12. [DOI: 10.1007/s11883-020-0829-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Knop MR, Geng TT, Gorny AW, Ding R, Li C, Ley SH, Huang T. Birth Weight and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Cardiovascular Disease, and Hypertension in Adults: A Meta-Analysis of 7 646 267 Participants From 135 Studies. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 7:e008870. [PMID: 30486715 PMCID: PMC6405546 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.008870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Background Low birth weight has been associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and hypertension, but the risk at high birth weight levels remains uncertain. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to clarify the shape of associations between birth weight and aforementioned diseases in adults and assessed sex-specific risks. Methods and Results We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE , and Web of Science for studies published between 1980 and October 2016. Studies of birth weight and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2 DM ), cardiovascular disease ( CVD ), and hypertension were included. Random-effects models were used to derive the summary relative risks and corresponding 95% confidence intervals.We identified 49 studies with 4 053 367 participants assessing the association between birth weight and T2 DM , 33 studies with 5 949 477 participants for CVD , and 53 studies with 4 335 149 participants for hypertension and high blood pressure. Sex-specific binary analyses showed that only females had an increased risk of T2 DM and CVD at the upper tail of the birth weight distribution. While categorical analyses of 6 birth weight groups and dose-response analyses showed J-shaped associations of birth weight with T2 DM and CVD , the association was inverse with hypertension. The lowest risks for T2 DM , CVD , and hypertension were observed at 3.5 to 4.0, 4.0 to 4.5, and 4.0 to 4.5 kg, respectively. Conclusions These findings indicate that birth weight is associated with risk of T2 DM and CVD in a J-shaped manner and that this is more pronounced among females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Ravn Knop
- 1 Epidemiology Domain Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health National University of Singapore
| | - Ting-Ting Geng
- 1 Epidemiology Domain Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health National University of Singapore
| | - Alexander Wilhelm Gorny
- 1 Epidemiology Domain Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health National University of Singapore
| | - Renyu Ding
- 2 Department of Otolaryngology The First Hospital of China Medical University Shenyang China
| | - Changwei Li
- 3 Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics College of Public Health University of Georgia Athens GA
| | - Sylvia H Ley
- 4 Department of Nutrition Harvard School of Public Health Boston MA
| | - Tao Huang
- 5 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public Health Peking University Beijing China
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Pecks U, Bornemann V, Klein A, Segger L, Maass N, Alkatout I, Eckmann-Scholz C, Elessawy M, Lütjohann D. Estimating fetal cholesterol synthesis rates by cord blood analysis in intrauterine growth restriction and normally grown fetuses. Lipids Health Dis 2019; 18:185. [PMID: 31653257 PMCID: PMC6815065 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-019-1117-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholesterol is an essential component in human development. In fetuses affected by intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), fetal blood cholesterol levels are low. Whether this is the result of a reduced materno-fetal cholesterol transport, or due to low fetal de novo synthesis rates, remains a matter of debate. By analyzing cholesterol interbolites and plant sterols we aimed at deeper insights into transplacental cholesterol transport and fetal cholesterol handling in IUGR with potential targets for future therapy. We hypothesized that placental insufficiency results in a diminished cholesterol supply to the fetus. METHODS Venous umbilical cord sera were sampled post-partum from fetuses delivered between 24 weeks of gestation and at full term. IUGR fetuses were matched to 49 adequate-for-age delivered preterm and term neonates (CTRL) according to gestational age at delivery. Cholesterol was measured by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection using 5a-cholestane as internal standard. Cholesterol precursors and synthesis markers, such as lanosterol, lathosterol, and desmosterol, the absorption markers, 5α-cholestanol and plant sterols, such as campesterol and sitosterol, as well as enzymatically oxidized cholesterol metabolites (oxysterols), such as 24S- or 27-hydroxycholesterol, were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, using epicoprostanol as internal standard for the non-cholesterol sterols and deuterium labeled oxysterols for 24S- and 27-hydroxycholesterol. RESULTS Mean cholesterol levels were 25% lower in IUGR compared with CTRL (p < 0.0001). Lanosterol and lathosterol to cholesterol ratios were similar in IUGR and CTRL. In relation to cholesterol mean, desmosterol, 24S-hydroxycholesterol, and 27-hydroxycholesterol levels were higher by 30.0, 39.1 and 60.7%, respectively, in IUGR compared to CTRL (p < 0.0001). Equally, 5α-cholestanol, campesterol, and β-sitosterol to cholesterol ratios were higher in IUGR than in CTRL (17.2%, p < 0.004; 33.5%, p < 0.002; 29.3%, p < 0.021). CONCLUSIONS Cholesterol deficiency in IUGR is the result of diminished fetal de novo synthesis rates rather than diminished maternal supply. However, increased oxysterol- and phytosterol to cholesterol ratios suggest a lower sterol elimination rate. This is likely caused by a restricted hepatobiliary function. Understanding the fetal cholesterol metabolism is important, not only for neonatal nutrition, but also for the development of strategies to reduce the known risk of future cardiovascular diseases in the IUGR fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Pecks
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Straße 3, 24105, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Verena Bornemann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Straße 3, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Anika Klein
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Straße 3, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Laura Segger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Straße 3, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Nicolai Maass
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Straße 3, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ibrahim Alkatout
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Straße 3, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christel Eckmann-Scholz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Straße 3, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Mohamed Elessawy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Straße 3, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Dieter Lütjohann
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Clinics of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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The Great Recession and adverse birth outcomes: Evidence from California, USA. SSM Popul Health 2019; 9:100470. [PMID: 31649996 PMCID: PMC6804518 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2019.100470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Prior studies of the health effects of recessions have shown mixed results. Ecological studies often report a positive relationship between economic downturns and population health while individual-level studies often show that conditions related to recessions are deleterious. Our study examines the spatially and temporally heterogenous effects of the Great Recession (TGR) on adverse birth outcomes, a contemporaneous measure of population health that is highly responsive to changing social conditions. Methods We use restricted birth cohort data from California (2004–2012) merged with both county- and tract-level socio-demographic data, to explore birth selectivity and temporal and unemployment effects during TGR on adverse birth outcomes. Results We find that gestational exposure – more specifically, second trimester exposure – during or adjacent to the months of TGR was generally deleterious for birth outcomes, more so, in some cases, for mothers with lower levels of education, and that increases in county-level unemployment were generally deleterious for birth outcomes. Conclusions Although recessionary effects on population health are problematic and may have far-reaching effects, it appears that these effects may be largely universal, even given potential selective fertility favoring advantaged groups. We use restricted data from California to determine the effects of The Great Recession on adverse birth outcomes. We find that increases in unemployment are generally harmful to birth outcomes. We also find these effects to be largely universal and not differential in disparity populations.
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Tarry-Adkins JL, Aiken CE, Ozanne SE. Neonatal, infant, and childhood growth following metformin versus insulin treatment for gestational diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Med 2019; 16:e1002848. [PMID: 31386659 PMCID: PMC6684046 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metformin is increasingly offered as an acceptable and economic alternative to insulin for treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in many countries. However, the impact of maternal metformin treatment on the trajectory of fetal, infant, and childhood growth is unknown. METHODS AND FINDINGS PubMed, Ovid Embase, Medline, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the Cochrane database were systematically searched (from database inception to 26 February 2019). Outcomes of GDM-affected pregnancies randomised to treatment with metformin versus insulin were included (randomised controlled trials and prospective randomised controlled studies) from cohorts including European, American, Asian, Australian, and African women. Studies including pregnant women with pre-existing diabetes or non-diabetic women were excluded, as were trials comparing metformin treatment with oral glucose-lowering agents other than insulin. Two reviewers independently assessed articles for eligibility and risk of bias, and conflicts were resolved by a third reviewer. Outcome measures were parameters of fetal, infant, and childhood growth, including weight, height, BMI, and body composition. In total, 28 studies (n = 3,976 participants) met eligibility criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. No studies reported fetal growth parameters; 19 studies (n = 3,723 neonates) reported measures of neonatal growth. Neonates born to metformin-treated mothers had lower birth weights (mean difference -107.7 g, 95% CI -182.3 to -32.7, I2 = 83%, p = 0.005) and lower ponderal indices (mean difference -0.13 kg/m3, 95% CI -0.26 to 0.00, I2 = 0%, p = 0.04) than neonates of insulin-treated mothers. The odds of macrosomia (odds ratio [OR] 0.59, 95% CI 0.46 to 0.77, p < 0.001) and large for gestational age (OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.62 to 0.99, p = 0.04) were lower following maternal treatment with metformin compared to insulin. There was no difference in neonatal height or incidence of small for gestational age between groups. Two studies (n = 411 infants) reported measures of infant growth (18-24 months of age). In contrast to the neonatal phase, metformin-exposed infants were significantly heavier than those in the insulin-exposed group (mean difference 440 g, 95% CI 50 to 830, I2 = 4%, p = 0.03). Three studies (n = 520 children) reported mid-childhood growth parameters (5-9 years). In mid-childhood, BMI was significantly higher (mean difference 0.78 kg/m2, 95% CI 0.23 to 1.33, I2 = 7%, p = 0.005) following metformin exposure than following insulin exposure, although the difference in absolute weights between the groups was not significantly different (p = 0.09). Limited evidence (1 study with data treated as 2 cohorts) suggested that adiposity indices (abdominal [p = 0.02] and visceral [p = 0.03] fat volumes) may be higher in children born to metformin-treated compared to insulin-treated mothers. Study limitations include heterogeneity in metformin dosing, heterogeneity in diagnostic criteria for GDM, and the scarcity of reporting of childhood outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Following intrauterine exposure to metformin for treatment of maternal GDM, neonates are significantly smaller than neonates whose mothers were treated with insulin during pregnancy. Despite lower average birth weight, metformin-exposed children appear to experience accelerated postnatal growth, resulting in heavier infants and higher BMI by mid-childhood compared to children whose mothers were treated with insulin. Such patterns of low birth weight and postnatal catch-up growth have been reported to be associated with adverse long-term cardio-metabolic outcomes. This suggests a need for further studies examining longitudinal perinatal and childhood outcomes following intrauterine metformin exposure. This review protocol was registered with PROSPERO under registration number CRD42018117503.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane L. Tarry-Adkins
- Metabolic Research Laboratories and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome Trust–MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine E. Aiken
- Metabolic Research Laboratories and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome Trust–MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Rosie Hospital and NIHR Cambridge Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Susan E. Ozanne
- Metabolic Research Laboratories and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome Trust–MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Bai MF, Wang X. Risk factors associated with coronary heart disease in women: a systematic review. Herz 2019; 45:52-57. [DOI: 10.1007/s00059-019-4835-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Gibbons J, Malouf R, Spitzberg B, Martinez L, Appleyard B, Thompson C, Nara A, Tsou MH. Twitter-based measures of neighborhood sentiment as predictors of residential population health. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219550. [PMID: 31295294 PMCID: PMC6622529 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have recently applied sentiment-based lexicons to Twitter to gauge local sentiment to understand health behaviors and outcomes for local areas. While this research has demonstrated the vast potential of this approach, lingering questions remain regarding the validity of Twitter mining and surveillance in local health research. First, how well does this approach predict health outcomes at very local scales, such as neighborhoods? Second, how robust are the findings garnered from sentiment signals when accounting for spatial effects? To evaluate these questions, we link 2,076,025 tweets from 66,219 distinct users in the city of San Diego over the period of 2014-12-06 to 2017-05-24 to the 500 Cities Project data and 2010-2014 American Community Survey data. We determine how well sentiment predicts self-rated mental health, sleep quality, and heart disease at a census tract level, controlling for neighborhood characteristics and spatial autocorrelation. We find that sentiment is related to some outcomes on its own, but these relationships are not present when controlling for other neighborhood factors. Evaluating our encoding strategy more closely, we discuss the limitations of existing measures of neighborhood sentiment, calling for more attention to how race/ethnicity and socio-economic status play into inferences drawn from such measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Gibbons
- Department of Sociology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Robert Malouf
- Department of Linguistics and Asian/Middle Eastern Languages, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Brian Spitzberg
- School of Communication, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Lourdes Martinez
- School of Communication, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Bruce Appleyard
- School of Public Affairs and Fine Arts, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Caroline Thompson
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Atsushi Nara
- Department of Geography, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Ming-Hsiang Tsou
- Department of Geography, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
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Chattergoon NN. Thyroid hormone signaling and consequences for cardiac development. J Endocrinol 2019; 242:T145-T160. [PMID: 31117055 PMCID: PMC6613780 DOI: 10.1530/joe-18-0704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The fetal heart undergoes its own growth and maturation stages all while supplying blood and nutrients to the growing fetus and its organs. Immature contractile cardiomyocytes proliferate to rapidly increase and establish cardiomyocyte endowment in the perinatal period. Maturational changes in cellular maturation, size and biochemical capabilities occur, and require, a changing hormonal environment as the fetus prepares itself for the transition to extrauterine life. Thyroid hormone has long been known to be important for neuronal development, but also for fetal size and survival. Fetal circulating 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) levels surge near term in mammals and are responsible for maturation of several organ systems, including the heart. Growth factors like insulin-like growth factor-1 stimulate proliferation of fetal cardiomyocytes, while thyroid hormone has been shown to inhibit proliferation and drive maturation of the cells. Several cell signaling pathways appear to be involved in this complicated and coordinated process. The aim of this review was to discuss the foundational studies of thyroid hormone physiology and the mechanisms responsible for its actions as we speculate on potential fetal programming effects for cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha N Chattergoon
- Center for Developmental Health, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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Gjærde LK, Truelsen TC, Sørensen TIA, Baker JL. Early Life Body Size in Relation to First Intracerebral or Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. J Stroke 2018; 21:60-68. [PMID: 30558401 PMCID: PMC6372895 DOI: 10.5853/jos.2018.02033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose As risk of hemorrhagic stroke may have early life origins, we investigated associations of birth weight and childhood body mass index (BMI) with adult intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) or subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).
Methods We included 240,234 Danish schoolchildren, born 1936 to 1989, with information on birth weight and measured weights and heights from 7 to 13 years. We calculated hazard ratios (HRs) and confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations between early life anthropometrics and ICH or SAH, identified through linkage with national registers.
Results During the study period, 1,947 individuals (39% women) experienced an ICH and 797 individuals (64% women) experienced a SAH. Per 500 g increase in birth weight, women had a 10% decreased risk of SAH (HR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.83 to 0.97) and men had a 10% decreased risk of ICH (HR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.85 to 0.95). Birth weight was not associated with risks of ICH in women or SAH in men. In men, a childhood BMI below average (BMI z-score <0) was associated with increased risks of ICH. The association was stronger at older childhood ages, and at 13 years a BMI z-score of –1 was associated with a HR of 1.17 (95% CI, 1.06 to 1.28), and a BMI z-score of –2 with a HR of 1.46 (95% CI, 1.17 to 1.82) for ICH. Childhood BMI was not associated with risks of ICH in women or with risks of SAH in both sexes.
Conclusions Early life body size is associated with ICH and SAH, and the associations differ by sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line K Gjærde
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas C Truelsen
- Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thorkild I A Sørensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jennifer L Baker
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Kuo AH, Li J, Li C, Huber HF, Nathanielsz PW, Clarke GD. Poor perinatal growth impairs baboon aortic windkessel function. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2018; 9:137-142. [PMID: 29017630 PMCID: PMC5922776 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174417000770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The ability of the aorta to buffer blood flow and provide diastolic perfusion (Windkessel function) is a determinant of cardiovascular health. We have reported cardiac dysfunction indicating downstream vascular abnormalities in young adult baboons who were intrauterine growth restricted (IUGR) at birth as a result of moderate maternal nutrient reduction. Using 3 T MRI, we examined IUGR offspring (eight male, eight female; 5.7 years; human equivalent 25 years) and age-matched controls (eight male, eight female; 5.6 years) to quantify distal descending aortic cross-section (AC) and distensibility (AD). ANOVA showed decreased IUGR AC/body surface area (0.9±0.05 cm2/m2 v. 1.2±0.06 cm2/m2, M±s.e.m., P<0.005) and AD (1.7±0.2 v. 4.0±0.5×10-3/mmHg, P<0.005) without sex difference or group-sex interaction, suggesting intrinsic vascular pathology and impaired development persisting in adulthood. Future studies should evaluate potential consequences of these changes on coronary perfusion, afterload and blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Kuo
- 1Department of Radiology and Research Imaging Institute,University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio,San Antonio,TX,USA
| | - J Li
- 2Xiangya School of Medicine,Central South University,Changsha,Hunan,China
| | - C Li
- 3Department of Animal Science,University of Wyoming,Laramie,Wyoming
| | - H F Huber
- 3Department of Animal Science,University of Wyoming,Laramie,Wyoming
| | - P W Nathanielsz
- 3Department of Animal Science,University of Wyoming,Laramie,Wyoming
| | - G D Clarke
- 1Department of Radiology and Research Imaging Institute,University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio,San Antonio,TX,USA
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Badeli H, Dalili H, Rad AH, Medghalchi A, Dalili S, Koohmanaee S. Birth Weight as a Cardio Metabolic Risk Factor in Iranian Adolescents. Int J Prev Med 2017; 8:72. [PMID: 28983401 PMCID: PMC5625358 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_48_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A large number of epidemiological studies from different geographical regions showed a considerable relationship between low birth weight (LBW) and adverse health effects later in life. This study aims to assess the birth weight (BW) as a cardio metabolic risk factor in Iranian adolescents. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted on 12-year-old students from different areas of Rasht, North Iran. Data were collected by a questionnaire including variables as birth height, BW, gestational age, blood pressure, and laboratory tests including triglycerides (TGs), total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), and insulin level. Data were analyzed using t-test, Chi-square, and Pearson correlation coefficient. RESULTS Overall, 858 adolescents participated in this study. Results showed significant correlation between BW and abdominal circumference, hip circumference, total cholesterol, TG, HDL-C and LDL-C (P = 0.064, 0.194, 0.224, 0.017, and 0.017, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The study findings on the correlation between BW and cardio metabolic factors might serve as confirmatory evidence on the association of LBW with future cardio metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Badeli
- Pediatric Growth Disorders Research Center, 17 Shahrivar Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Guilan, Iran
| | - Hossein Dalili
- Department of Pediatrics, Breastfeeding Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afagh Hassanzadeh Rad
- Department of Pediatrics, Breastfeeding Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdolreza Medghalchi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Guilan, Iran
| | - Setila Dalili
- Pediatric Growth Disorders Research Center, 17 Shahrivar Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Guilan, Iran
| | - Shahin Koohmanaee
- Pediatric Growth Disorders Research Center, 17 Shahrivar Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Guilan, Iran
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Contribution of birth weight and adult waist circumference to cardiovascular disease risk in a longitudinal study. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9768. [PMID: 28852140 PMCID: PMC5575020 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10176-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine the association of birth weight (BW) and waist circumference (WC) on cardiovascular disease (CVD). The longitudinal cohort study consisted of 745 participants who were able to provide their birth weight information and were followed from 2002 to 2014. During the follow-up, 83 events of CVD were confirmed. After adjusting for confounding factors, subjects with birth weight <2500 g were at a significantly increased CVD risk when compared to subjects with birth weight between 2500–3999 g (OR 2·47, 95%CI, 1·07–5·71). When high waist circumference (HWC), a measurement of adult obesity, was incorporated into stratifying factors according to presence or absence of low birth weight (LBW, birth weight <2500 g), adjusted CVD risk was significantly elevated in -LBW/+ HWC group (OR 1·94, 95%CI, 1·10–3·43) and marginally significantly increased in +LBW/-HWC group (OR 2·94, 95%CI, 1·00–8·64). CVD risk was highest in subjects with LBW and HWC (+LBW/+HWC), OR 4·74 (95%CI, 1·48–15·21). Higher waist circumference in adulthood is an especially strong risk factor for cardiovascular disease among those small at birth. In this cohort, birth size and adiposity in adulthood interact to predict events of cardiovascular disease.
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Rothermel J, Lass N, Bosse C, Reinehr T. Impact of discontinuation of growth hormone treatment on lipids and weight status in adolescents. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2017; 30:749-757. [PMID: 28672749 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2017-0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While the main role of growth hormone (GH) replacement therapy in children is to promote linear growth, GH has also an effect on lipids and body composition. There is an ongoing discussion whether discontinuation of GH treatment is associated with deterioration of lipids. METHODS We analyzed weight status [as body mass index-standard deviation score (BMI-SDS)], insulin like growth factor (IGF)-1, triglycerides, total, low-density liporptoein (LDL)- and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol at the end of GH treatment and in mean 6 months later in 90 adolescents (53 with GH deficiency, 16 with Turner syndrome [TS] and 21 born small-for-gestational age [SGA]). RESULTS After stopping GH treatment, total cholesterol (+10±24 mg/dL vs. -4±13 mg/dL) and LDL-cholesterol (+15±20 mg/dL vs. -6±12 mg/dL) increased significantly higher in severe (defined by GH peak in stimulation test <3 ng/mL) compared to moderate GHD. In patients with TS, total cholesterol (+19±9 mg/dL), LDL-cholesterol (+9±12 mg/dL) and HDL-cholesterol (+4.3±3.5 mg/dL) increased significantly. In adolescents born SGA, triglycerides increased (+34±51 mg/dL) and HDL-cholesterol decreased significantly (-3.8±7.1 mg/dL). In multiple linear regression analyses, changes of total and LDL-cholesterol were significantly negatively related to peak GH in stimulation tests, but not to gender, age at GH start, duration of GH treatment, observation time, changes of BMI-SDS or IGF-1 after the end of GH treatment. The BMI-SDS did not change after the end of GH treatment. CONCLUSIONS Discontinuation of GH treatment leads to a deterioration of lipids in TS, SGA and severe but not moderate GHD.
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Predictors of adults' body mass index and the association with index child's infant birth weight, in the Lifeways Cross-Generation Cohort Study of a thousand families in the Republic of Ireland. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2017. [PMID: 28637529 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174417000435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The Lifeways study is novel in having information on three generations of the same families. It is well established that infant birth weight (IBW) predicts individuals' risk of adult chronic disease and more recently studies report cross-generation transmission of risk patterns. The aims of this analysis were to examine whether adults' birth weights were associated with measures of own health status or social position and to relate adults' birth weights to that of the index child's IBW. Finally, we assessed whether birth weight of either adults or children was associated with adult body mass index (BMI) of parents and grandparents. We included 1075 children whose IBW was recorded at recruitment from hospital records and 2546 adult cohort members followed from 2001 until 2014. At baseline, a sub-group of 920 adults had reported own birth weight (RBW). Results showed male adults' RBW were significantly higher than females' (P=0.001). Mothers' RBW was significantly correlated with IBW (r=0.178, P<0.001). In mixed effects linear models with BMI as the outcome variable, of all adults, and in sub-groups of adults with RBW and of mothers only, the IBW was associated with adult BMI adjusting for other predictors. Adults' BMI was positively associated with age (P=0.013), index child's IBW (P=0.001), gender (P<0.001) but not own RBW, adjusting for family identification number. When mothers were removed from the adult models however, IBW ceased to be associated with BMI, a final model showed RBW being associated with adult BMI (P=0.04). There are cross-generational associations in the Lifeways cohort, the maternal association being stronger.
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Wölter M, Röwer C, Koy C, Rath W, Pecks U, Glocker M. Proteoform profiling of peripheral blood serum proteins from pregnant women provides a molecular IUGR signature. J Proteomics 2016; 149:44-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Chu DM, Meyer KM, Prince AL, Aagaard KM. Impact of maternal nutrition in pregnancy and lactation on offspring gut microbial composition and function. Gut Microbes 2016; 7:459-470. [PMID: 27686144 PMCID: PMC5103658 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2016.1241357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence supporting the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease Hypothesis indicates that maternal nutrition in pregnancy has a significant impact on offspring disease risk later in life, likely by modulating developmental processes in utero. Gut microbiota have recently been explored as a potential mediating factor, as dietary components strongly influence microbiota abundance, function and its impact on host physiology. A growing body of evidence has additionally indicated that the intrauterine environment is not sterile as once presumed, indicating that maternal-fetal transmission of microbiota may occur during pregnancy. In this article, we will review the body of literature that supports this emerging hypothesis, as well as highlight the work in relevant animal models demonstrating associations with maternal gestational nutrition and the offspring gut microbiome that may influence offspring physiology and susceptibility to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derrick M. Chu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX,Interdepartmental Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX,Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Kristen M. Meyer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX,Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX,Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Amanda L. Prince
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Kjersti M. Aagaard
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX,Interdepartmental Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX,Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX,Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX,Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX,Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX,CONTACT Kjersti M. Aagaard, MD PhD FACOG Associate Professor, Baylor College of Medicine, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Jones 314, Houston, TX, 77030
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Ramalhosa F, Soares-Cunha C, Seixal RM, Sousa N, Carvalho AF. The Impact of Prenatal Exposure to Dexamethasone on Gastrointestinal Function in Rats. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161750. [PMID: 27584049 PMCID: PMC5008745 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Antenatal treatment with synthetic glucocorticoids is commonly used in pregnant women at risk of preterm delivery to accelerate tissue maturation. Exposure to glucocorticoids during development has been hypothesized to underlie different functional gastrointestinal (GI) and motility disorders. Herein, we investigated the impact of in utero exposure to synthetic glucocorticoids (iuGC) on GI function of adult rats. Wistar male rats, born from pregnant dams treated with dexamethasone (DEX), were studied at different ages. Length, histologic analysis, proliferation and apoptosis assays, GI transit, permeability and serotonin (5-HT) content of GI tract were measured. iuGC treatment decreased small intestine size and decreased gut transit. However, iuGC had no impact on intestinal permeability. iuGC differentially impacts the structure and function of the GI tract, which leads to long-lasting alterations in the small intestine that may predispose subjects prone to disorders of the GI tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima Ramalhosa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute/Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biometrics Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Carina Soares-Cunha
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute/Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biometrics Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui Miguel Seixal
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute/Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biometrics Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Nuno Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute/Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biometrics Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Ana Franky Carvalho
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute/Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biometrics Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- General Surgery Department, Hospital of Braga, Braga, Portugal
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46
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Kritchevsky SB. Commentary: Connections across life stages and disease risk: commentary on a study early in the life course of life course epidemiology. Int J Epidemiol 2016; 45:1036-1039. [PMID: 27498296 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyw155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen B Kritchevsky
- Sticht Center on Aging, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA. E-mail:
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47
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Chavarro JE, Rich-Edwards JW, Gaskins AJ, Farland LV, Terry KL, Zhang C, Missmer SA. Contributions of the Nurses' Health Studies to Reproductive Health Research. Am J Public Health 2016; 106:1669-76. [PMID: 27459445 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2016.303350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To review the Nurses' Health Study's (NHS's) contribution to identifying risk factors and long-term health consequences of reproductive events. METHODS We performed a narrative review of the NHS I, NHS II, NHS3, and Growing Up Today Study (GUTS) publications between 1976 and 2016. RESULTS Collection of detailed reproductive history to identify breast cancer risk factors allowed the NHS to document an association between menstrual irregularities, a proxy for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and increased risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The NHS II found that infertility associated with ovulation problems and gestational diabetes are largely preventable through diet and lifestyle modification. It also identified developmental and nutritional risk factors for pregnancy loss, endometriosis, and uterine leiomyomata. As women in NHS II age, it has become possible to address questions regarding long-term health consequences of pregnancy complications and benign gynecologic conditions on chronic disease risk. Furthermore, the NHS3 and GUTS are allowing new lines of research into human fertility, PCOS, and transgenerational effects of environmental exposures. CONCLUSIONS The multigenerational resources of the NHSs and GUTS, including linkages of related individuals across cohorts, can improve women's health from preconception through late adulthood and onto the next generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge E Chavarro
- Jorge E. Chavarro, Janet W. Rich-Edwards, Audrey J. Gaskins, Leslie V. Farland, Kathryn L. Terry, and Stacey A. Missmer are with the Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, and Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. Cuilin Zhang is with the Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research at the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Rockville, MD
| | - Janet W Rich-Edwards
- Jorge E. Chavarro, Janet W. Rich-Edwards, Audrey J. Gaskins, Leslie V. Farland, Kathryn L. Terry, and Stacey A. Missmer are with the Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, and Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. Cuilin Zhang is with the Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research at the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Rockville, MD
| | - Audrey J Gaskins
- Jorge E. Chavarro, Janet W. Rich-Edwards, Audrey J. Gaskins, Leslie V. Farland, Kathryn L. Terry, and Stacey A. Missmer are with the Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, and Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. Cuilin Zhang is with the Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research at the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Rockville, MD
| | - Leslie V Farland
- Jorge E. Chavarro, Janet W. Rich-Edwards, Audrey J. Gaskins, Leslie V. Farland, Kathryn L. Terry, and Stacey A. Missmer are with the Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, and Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. Cuilin Zhang is with the Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research at the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Rockville, MD
| | - Kathryn L Terry
- Jorge E. Chavarro, Janet W. Rich-Edwards, Audrey J. Gaskins, Leslie V. Farland, Kathryn L. Terry, and Stacey A. Missmer are with the Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, and Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. Cuilin Zhang is with the Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research at the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Rockville, MD
| | - Cuilin Zhang
- Jorge E. Chavarro, Janet W. Rich-Edwards, Audrey J. Gaskins, Leslie V. Farland, Kathryn L. Terry, and Stacey A. Missmer are with the Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, and Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. Cuilin Zhang is with the Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research at the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Rockville, MD
| | - Stacey A Missmer
- Jorge E. Chavarro, Janet W. Rich-Edwards, Audrey J. Gaskins, Leslie V. Farland, Kathryn L. Terry, and Stacey A. Missmer are with the Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, and Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. Cuilin Zhang is with the Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research at the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Rockville, MD
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48
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Abstract
The observation that low birth weight is associated with cardiovascular disease and its risk factors has formed the basis for the ‘developmental origins' hypothesis. This hypothesis suggests that the operation of adverse influences during intrauterine life leads to permanent alterations in structure and physiology of the adult phenotype which predispose to a range of common adult diseases. The process is known as developmental plasticity or programming and is strongly supported by studies in experimental animals. Recent evidence suggests that the same processes may affect the development of the immune system and play a part in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease. Animal studies show that the intrauterine environment has powerful and long-lasting effects on many aspects of immune function. The corresponding human evidence, though preliminary, suggests that birth weight or other markers of the early environment are associated with a range of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- D I W Phillips
- MRC Resource Centre, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK.
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49
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Kofler T, Bossard M, Aeschbacher S, Tabord A, Repilado FJR, van der Lely S, Berger S, Risch M, Risch L, Conen D. The interrelationships of birthweight, inflammation and body composition in healthy adults. Eur J Clin Invest 2016; 46:342-8. [PMID: 26880533 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lower birthweight is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. We hypothesized that inflammation and body fat may be potential mediators for these inverse relationships. MATERIALS AND METHODS Healthy adults aged 25-41 years were enrolled in a prospective population-based cohort study in the Principality of Liechtenstein. Main exclusion criteria were diabetes, overt cardiovascular disease or a body mass index > 35 kg/m(2) . Birthweight was self-reported by the study participants. White blood cell (WBC) count and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels were assayed from fresh blood samples. Body composition was determined by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Multivariable linear regression models were constructed to assess the relationships between birthweight, inflammation and body composition. RESULTS Our sample consisted of 1774 participants (53·4% females) with a median age of 37 years. Median birthweight was 3355 g. In multivariable models, we found an inverse relationship of birthweight with hs-CRP levels (β -0·010 (95% CI -0·02; -0·002), P = 0·01) and WBC count (β -0·002 (95% CI -0·004; -0·0002), P = 0·03). Additional adjustment for body fat mass attenuated these relationships (β -0·008 (95% CI -0·02; 0·0003), P = 0·06 for hs-CRP levels and (β -0·002 (95% CI -0·004; 0·0006), P = 0·16 for WBC count. Body fat mass itself was strongly associated with birthweight (β -0·06 (95% CI -0·10; -0·03), P < 0·0001). CONCLUSION Birthweight is inversely associated with inflammation in adulthood. This relationship may be mediated by an elevated body fat mass among individuals with lower birthweight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kofler
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Bossard
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Cardiology Division, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie Aeschbacher
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Tabord
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Francisco Javier Ruperti Repilado
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stéphanie van der Lely
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Berger
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Risch
- Labormedizinisches Zentrum Dr. Risch, Schaan, Liechtenstein.,Division of Laboratory Medicine, Kantonsspital Graubünden, Chur, Switzerland
| | - Lorenz Risch
- Labormedizinisches Zentrum Dr. Risch, Schaan, Liechtenstein.,Division of Clinical Biochemistry, Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria.,Private University, Triesen, Liechtenstein
| | - David Conen
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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50
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Cade WT, Tinius RA, Reeds DN, Patterson BW, Cahill AG. Maternal Glucose and Fatty Acid Kinetics and Infant Birth Weight in Obese Women With Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes 2016; 65:893-901. [PMID: 26861786 PMCID: PMC4806655 DOI: 10.2337/db15-1061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were 1) to describe maternal glucose and lipid kinetics and 2) to examine the relationships with infant birth weight in obese women with pregestational type 2 diabetes during late pregnancy. Using stable isotope tracer methodology and mass spectrometry, maternal glucose and lipid kinetic rates during the basal condition were compared in three groups: lean women without diabetes (Lean, n = 25), obese women without diabetes (OB, n = 26), and obese women with pregestational type 2 diabetes (OB+DM, n = 28; total n = 79). Glucose and lipid kinetics during hyperinsulinemia were also measured in a subset of participants (n = 56). Relationships between maternal glucose and lipid kinetics during both conditions and infant birth weight were examined. Maternal endogenous glucose production (EGP) rate was higher in OB+DM than OB and Lean during hyperinsulinemia. Maternal insulin value at 50% palmitate Ra suppression (IC50) for palmitate suppression with insulinemia was higher in OB+DM than OB and Lean. Maternal EGP per unit insulin and plasma free fatty acid concentration during hyperinsulinemia most strongly predicted infant birth weight. Our findings suggest maternal fatty acid and glucose kinetics are altered during late pregnancy and might suggest a mechanism for higher birth weight in obese women with pregestational diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Todd Cade
- Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Rachel A Tinius
- Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Dominic N Reeds
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Bruce W Patterson
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Alison G Cahill
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
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