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Yamada A, Momma H, Tatsuta N, Nakai K, Arima T, Ota C, Yaegashi N, Nagatomi R. Association between maternal physical activity from pre-pregnancy to child-rearing and their children's physical activity in early childhood among Japanese. J Epidemiol 2024:JE20240041. [PMID: 39034110 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20240041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to determine the association between cumulative maternal physical activity level and their children's physical activity in early childhood. We also compared the influence of each maternal physical activity on children's physical activity in early childhood. METHODS We analyzed the data from 1,067 Japanese mother-child pairs. Maternal physical activity was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Cumulative physical activity level in mothers was computed based on the categories (low, moderate, and high) of physical activity from 5 time points (pre-pregnancy, during pregnancy, 1.5, 3.5, and 5.5 years postpartum). Children's physical activity level was measured at age 5.5 years using the WHO Health Behaviour School-aged Children questionnaire and defined as engaging in physical activity for at least 60 minutes per day for more than 5 days. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the association between maternal and children's physical activity levels. RESULTS The results showed the positive association between cumulative maternal physical activity and children's physical activity level (P for trend < 0.001). Furthermore, maternal physical activity during pregnancy (P for trend = 0.031) and 5.5 years postpartum (P for trend < 0.001) was positively associated with children's physical activity. CONCLUSION A positive association was observed between the cumulative maternal physical activity level and the physical activity level of their children at 5.5 years of age. Furthermore, maternal physical activity during pregnancy and at 5.5 years postpartum were positively associated with the level of children's physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Yamada
- Department of Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Haruki Momma
- Department of Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Nozomi Tatsuta
- Health and Environmental risk Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies
| | - Kunihiko Nakai
- The School of Sport and Health Science, Tokai Gakuen University
| | - Takahiro Arima
- Department of Informative Genetics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Chiharu Ota
- Department of Development and Environmental Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Nobuo Yaegashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Ryoichi Nagatomi
- Division of Biomedical Engineering for Health and Welfare, Tohoku University Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering
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ZI YAHUA, VAN BEIJSTERVELDT CATHARINAEM, BARTELS MEIKE, DE GEUS ECOJC. Genetic and Environmental Effects on the Early Motor Development as a Function of Parental Educational Attainment. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2023; 55:1845-1856. [PMID: 37184488 PMCID: PMC10487425 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The contribution of genetic and environmental factors to individual differences in early motor development is still largely uncharted. This large-scale twin study establishes the genetic and environmental influences on the timing of motor milestones achievement, and it further tests whether the influences are moderated by parental education. METHODS The twins came from families registered in the Netherlands Twin Register (NTR) from 1986 to 2016. In 30,256 complete twin pairs, mother-reported ages at which each twin was able to first-time roll from back to belly, sit unassisted, hands-and-knees crawl, stand up unaided, and walk independently were used to extract an early motor development factor. Parental education was dichotomized ("both parents with low/average education" vs "at least one parent with high education" with university degree as a threshold). RESULTS Additive genetics explained 52% of the variance in motor development, the remaining 39% and 9% were explained by shared and nonshared environment separately. Mean age of achieving motor milestones tended to be higher in infants with high educated parents, and a moderation of parental education on the genetic and environmental variance in motor development was seen in female twins with larger heritability in the high educated parents group (64% vs 43%) paired to a lower shared environmental influence (28% vs 48%). Only 7%-8% of the variance was accounted for nonshared environmental factors, including measurement error. The pattern of results did not change when the degree of urbanicity, a correlate of parental education, was additionally considered. CONCLUSIONS Genetic factors explain most of the individual differences in the timing of motor milestone achievement, but factors related to the shared home environment also play an important role in early motor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- YAHUA ZI
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, CHINA
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, THE NETHERLANDS
| | | | - MEIKE BARTELS
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, THE NETHERLANDS
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, THE NETHERLANDS
| | - ECO J. C. DE GEUS
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, THE NETHERLANDS
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, THE NETHERLANDS
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Tornquist D, Crochemore-Silva I, Tornquist L, Mielke GI, Ekelund U, Murray J, Domingues MR. Trajectories of Device-Measured Physical Activity During Early Childhood and Its Determinants: Findings From the 2015 Pelotas (Brazil) Birth Cohort Study. J Phys Act Health 2023; 20:840-849. [PMID: 37451685 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2022-0608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective was to describe trajectories of physical activity (PA) measured by accelerometry during early childhood and to test associations with sociodemographic, gestational, maternal, and perinatal determinants. METHODS Data from 1798 children from the 2015 Pelotas (Brazil) Birth Cohort were analyzed. PA was measured with wrist accelerometers at 1, 2, and 4 years. PA trajectories were estimated using group-based trajectory modeling, and associations with determinants were tested using Poisson regression with robust variance. RESULTS Two trajectories were identified: Moderate and high PA, both showing a linear increase in PA in the first years but differing in volume. Girls (prevalence ratio [PR]: 0.91; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.88-0.94), highly educated mothers (PR: 0.93; 95% CI, 0.88-0.97), and high birth weight children (PR: 0.91; 95% CI, 0.85-0.97) showed less probability of high PA trajectory. Birth order ≥3 (PR: 1.06; 95% CI, 1.01-1.11) was associated with higher likelihood of high PA trajectory. CONCLUSIONS Children showed an increase in PA during the first years, with 2 trajectories that differ in PA levels. Female sex, high maternal schooling, and high birth weight reduced the probability of having a high PA trajectory, while higher birth order increased this probability. These characteristics should be considered when planning PA interventions for children in early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Tornquist
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS,Brazil
| | - Inácio Crochemore-Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education and Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS,Brazil
| | - Luciana Tornquist
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS,Brazil
| | - Grégore I Mielke
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD,Australia
| | - Ulf Ekelund
- Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo,Norway
| | - Joseph Murray
- Human Development and Violence Research Centre (DOVE), Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS,Brazil
| | - Marlos R Domingues
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS,Brazil
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Mehl CV, Benum SD, Aakvik KAD, Kongsvold A, Mork PJ, Kajantie E, Evensen KAI. Physical activity and associations with health-related quality of life in adults born small for gestational age at term: a prospective cohort study. BMC Pediatr 2023; 23:430. [PMID: 37641030 PMCID: PMC10464269 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-04256-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adults born small for gestational age (SGA) have increased risk of adverse health outcomes. Physical activity (PA) is a key determinant of health and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). We aimed to investigate if being born SGA at term is associated with lower objectively measured and self-reported PA during adulthood. We also examined if objectively measured and self-reported PA were associated with HRQoL. METHODS As part of the 32-year follow-up in the NTNU Low Birth Weight in a Lifetime Perspective study, SGA and non-SGA control participants wore two tri-axial accelerometers for seven days (37 SGA, 43 control), and completed the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) (42 SGA, 49 control) and the Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36) (55 SGA, 67 control). Group differences in objectively measured daily metabolic equivalent of task (MET) minutes spent sedentary (lying, sitting), on feet (standing, walking, running, cycling), on the move (walking, running, cycling) and running/cycling, and group differences in self-reported daily MET minutes spent walking and in moderate and vigorous PA were examined using linear regression. Associations with SF-36 were explored in a general linear model. RESULTS Mean (SD) daily MET minutes on the move were 218 (127) in the SGA group and 227 (113) in the control group. There were no group differences in objectively measured and self-reported PA or associations with HRQoL. In the SGA group, one MET minute higher objectively measured time on the move was associated with 4.0 (95% CI: 0.6-6.5, p = 0.009) points higher SF-36 physical component summary. CONCLUSION We found no differences in objectively measured and self-reported PA or associations with HRQoL between term-born SGA and non-SGA control participants in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathrin Vano Mehl
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, N-7491, Norway.
| | - Silje Dahl Benum
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, N-7491, Norway
| | - Kristina Anna Djupvik Aakvik
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, N-7491, Norway
| | - Atle Kongsvold
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Paul Jarle Mork
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Eero Kajantie
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, N-7491, Norway
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Public Health Promotion Unit, Helsinki and Oulu, Finland
- Clinical Medicine Research Unit, MRC Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kari Anne I Evensen
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, N-7491, Norway
- Unit for Physiotherapy Services, Trondheim Municipality, Trondheim, Norway
- Children's Clinic, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Rehabilitation Science and Health Technology, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
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Andrade MLSDS, Oliveira JDS, de Souza NP, Costa EC, Tavares FCDLP, Cabral PC, de Aquino NB, Leal VS, Cabral de Lira PI. Birth-related and current factors associated with physical inactivity in the leisure time in Brazilian adolescents. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273611. [PMID: 36083895 PMCID: PMC9462571 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
To determine whether biological and sociodemographic factors at birth and current factors are associated with insufficient physical activity during leisure among Brazilian adolescents.
Methods
A school-based cross-sectional study with national coverage was conducted involving Brazilian adolescents 12 to 17 years of age in municipalities with more than 100 thousand residents. The sample consisted of 74,589 adolescents who participated in the Study of Cardiovascular Risk in Adolescents. Insufficient leisure-time physical activity was categorized based on total volume (<300 minutes/week = insufficiently active; >300 minutes/week = sufficiently active). Poisson regression models were used to assess associated factors.
Results
Most adolescents were classified as insufficiently active (54.8%; 95%CI: 53.7–55.9). The variables associated with insufficient physical activity during leisure were the female sex (70.4%; 95%CI: 68.8–71.9), age between 15 and 17 years (57.8%; 95%CI: 56.3–59.2), pertaining to the low or middle class (54.5%; 95%CI: 52.8–56.1), and not being overweight (55.9%; 95%CI: 54.6–57.1).
Conclusion
Contrary to our hypothesis, birth related factors (e.g., low birth weight, preterm birth and exclusive breastfeeding until 6 months of age) are not associated with physical inactivity. The prevalence of insufficient physical activity during leisure was high among the adolescents evaluated and was associated with sociodemographic characteristics as well as nutritional status. It is necessary to implement strategies focused on physical activity at schools.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juliana de Souza Oliveira
- Nutrition Center, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Nathália Paula de Souza
- Nutrition Center, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Emilia Chagas Costa
- Nutrition Center, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Poliana Coelho Cabral
- Department of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Vanessa Sá Leal
- Nutrition Center, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Prediction Model for Physical Activity Level in Primary School Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19052987. [PMID: 35270680 PMCID: PMC8910273 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to provide an explanatory prediction model for physical activity level in children, involving a number of influencing variables. In total, 1971 people participated in the study: 657 primary school students and their respective fathers and mothers from 15 schools of Galicia (Spain). The International Questionnaire on Physical Education, Health and Lifestyle was administered. The findings revealed that school year, sex, physical perceived competence and sport practice with friends had a statistically significant relationship on physical activity index. By contrast, the association between the weekly participation of fathers or mothers in sports in the practice of children could not be confirmed. Sport practice with friends was the main predicting variable for physical activity level. Physical perceived competence showed great relevance as well. This knowledge could be of interest to help increase adherence to practice and preventing withdrawal, helping students to stay active and acquire healthy habits for the future.
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Moving Together: Understanding Parent Perceptions Related to Physical Activity and Motor Skill Development in Preschool Children. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18179196. [PMID: 34501785 PMCID: PMC8431392 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18179196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Background: Establishing physical activity (PA) and motor behaviors in early childhood are important for developing healthy activity behaviors. Parents play a central role in shaping young children’s PA and fundamental motor skills (FMS). This qualitative study explored parents’ attributes, values, perceptions, and practices related to PA and FMS. Methods: Thirty-one parents (26 mothers) of preschool-aged children participated in semi-structured in-person interviews. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, coded and analyzed using an iterative approach. Results: Four themes related to PA and FMS emerged: (1) parent attributes; (2) parent–child interactions; (3) parent perception of children’s attributes; and (4) parenting practices. Although most parents enjoyed playing with their child, some did not realize the importance of engaging in PA with their child and even believed that FMS are naturally developed. Parents indicated that children’s temperament may influence their preference for practicing motor skills. Conclusions: Social support and positive parenting practices, including encouragement, monitoring, logistical support, co-participation, and facilitation, are important for the development of PA and FMS. The findings add emphasis to the importance of parents’ role in the development of young children’s PA and FMS, and they inform future strategies aiming to promote young children’s activity behaviors.
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Karppanen AK, Hurtig T, Miettunen J, Niemelä M, Tammelin T, Korpelainen R. Infant motor development and physical activity and sedentary time at midlife. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2021; 31:1450-1460. [PMID: 33730432 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated whether the timing of infant motor development is associated with self-reported and accelerometer-measured physical activity (PA) and sedentary time (ST) in midlife. This population-based study consisted of 4098 people born in 1966 in Northern Finland (NFBC 1966). Data on nine infant motor developmental milestones included making sounds, holding up the head, grabbing objects, turning from back to tummy, sitting without support, standing with support, walking with support, standing without support, and walking without support. At the age of 46, PA at leisure time and sitting time was self-reported. PA and ST were also measured with a wrist-worn Polar Active accelerometer that was instructed to be worn on the non-dominant hand 24 h/d for 14 days. A multiple linear regression analysis was used to analyze the association between infant motor development and PA and ST in midlife. Later infant motor development was weakly associated with higher accelerometer-measured light PA, but not with moderate-to-vigorous PA. Later infant locomotor development was associated with lower accelerometer-measured ST (β -0.07, p = 0.012) and lower self-reported sitting time at work (β -0.06, p = 0.004) in women. In conclusion, later infant motor development was associated with higher light PA and lower sedentary time at middle age. PA is a multifactorial behavior influenced by various factors from early childhood to midlife. Further research is required before more general conclusions can be drawn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Kaisa Karppanen
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Oulu Deaconess Institute Foundation sr, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tuula Hurtig
- PEDEGO Research Unit, Child Psychiatry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, Psychiatry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Clinic of Child Psychiatry, University Hospital of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jouko Miettunen
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Maisa Niemelä
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tuija Tammelin
- LIKES Research Centre for Physical Activity and Health, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Raija Korpelainen
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Oulu Deaconess Institute Foundation sr, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Associations Between Anthropometric Indicators in Early Life and Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Physical Activity, and Sedentary Time in Adolescence. J Phys Act Health 2020; 17:1213-1221. [PMID: 33075746 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2019-0527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To explore the associations between birth weight and body mass index (BMI) from 6 months to 6 years of age, with cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), physical activity, and sedentary time in adolescence. METHODS Retrospective school-based study with 539 adolescents (292 girls), mean age of 13.94 (1.62) years. Anthropometric data from birth up to 6 years were extracted from individual child health booklets. CRF was estimated by 20-m shuttle run test. Physical activity and sedentary time were assessed with accelerometers. RESULTS Birth weight was not associated with any outcome measured in adolescence. From the age of 6 months onwards in girls, and from 3 years in boys, BMI associated inversely with CRF in adolescence. In girls, BMI (at 12 mo and at 3 y of age) associated positively with sedentary time in adolescence, but not with physical activity. In boys, positive associations between BMI at the ages of 3, 5, and 6 years old and time spent in some intensities of physical activity in adolescence were found. CONCLUSIONS BMI during the early years was negatively associated with CRF in adolescence, in a consistent way, for both genders, but with physical activity and sedentary time the associations were scarce and inconsistent, depending on the gender.
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Bernhardsen GP, Stensrud T, Nystad W, Ekelund U. Pre- and post-natal factors and physical activity in childhood: The Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort study. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2020; 30:2264-2274. [PMID: 32720380 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Few studies have examined the possibility that pre- and post-natal factors may be non-linearly associated with later physical activity. We used data from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort study (MoBa) and the Medical Birth Registry of Norway (MBRN), including 48 672 children with available data on leisure time physical activity (LTPA) at child's age 7 years. Restricted cubic and linear splines or linear regression was used to examine the associations between maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, birth weight for gestational age, and infant weight gain from birth to 1 year with LTPA (frequency/wk) in 7-year-old children. The results suggest no associations between maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, birth weight, and infant weight gain on subsequent LTPA in girls. Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and birth weight may be non-linearly associated with LTPA in 7-year-old boys. Infant weight gain (change in weight z-score from birth to 1 year) may be weakly linearly associated with LTPA in boys. Pre- and post-natal factors may therefore influence LTPA in childhood differently in boys and girls. Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and birth weight are positively associated with LTPA at the lower ends of the maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and birth weight continuums in boys. The negative associations at the higher ends of the continuums and the positive association between infant weight gain and LTPA in boys may not be important and needs further replication.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Trine Stensrud
- Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Wenche Nystad
- Department of Non-communicable Diseases, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ulf Ekelund
- Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Non-communicable Diseases, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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11
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Khanom A, Evans BA, Lynch R, Marchant E, Hill RA, Morgan K, Rapport F, Lyons RA, Brophy S. Parent recommendations to support physical activity for families with young children: Results of interviews in deprived and affluent communities in South Wales (United Kingdom). Health Expect 2020; 23:284-295. [PMID: 31898386 PMCID: PMC7104648 DOI: 10.1111/hex.13020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical inactivity is the fourth leading cause of mortality worldwide. Early childhood is a critical period when healthy behaviours can be instilled for a future active lifestyle. We explored community, societal and environmental factors affecting child and family physical activity and sought parent recommendations to support physical activity in families with young children. METHODS We interviewed 61 parents expecting a child or with a baby ≤12 months (35 mother and father paired interviews and 26 interviews with mothers only). We purposively sampled families for neighbourhood deprivation status (Townsend Index; 26 affluent; 35 deprived). We conducted thematic analysis of interview transcripts using Bronfenbrenner's socio-ecological framework to guide interpretation. RESULTS We identified four themes: work family-life balance; spaces for activity; beliefs and attitudes; and physical activity facilitators. We found that parents from deprived neighbourhoods were more likely to be underactive because of a complex web of community, social and personal factors which reduced motivation and hindered opportunity for physical activity. To increase knowledge and opportunity, respondents suggested 'help not tell' messages covering 'why', 'how' and 'where' information about physical activity, and using physical activity to support community engagement and social interaction. CONCLUSIONS Recommendations from parents highlight effective communication about the importance of early child and family physical activity and improved community access to safe facilities and opportunities. Both parents need to be engaged in designing interventions to support greater physical activity and healthy behaviours which are relevant and achievable in individuals' lives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rebecca Lynch
- Swansea UniversitySwanseaUK
- National Centre for Mental HealthCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | | | - Rebecca A. Hill
- Swansea UniversitySwanseaUK
- Hywel Dda University Health BoardWalesUK
| | | | - Frances Rapport
- Swansea UniversitySwanseaUK
- Present address:
Macquarie UniversityMacquarie ParkNSWAustralia
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12
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Ding D, Mielke GI, Silva ICM, Wehrmeister FC, Horta BL, Brage S, Hallal PC, Ekelund U. Prenatal and birth predictors of objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in three population-based birth cohorts in Brazil. Sci Rep 2020; 10:786. [PMID: 31964917 PMCID: PMC6972919 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-57070-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical inactivity is a global pandemic with no signs of improvement. Prolonged sitting time is an emerging risk factor that exacerbates the health consequences of physical inactivity. Both behaviours are influenced by various individual and environmental factors but it remains unknown whether early-life exposures “program” these behaviours in later life. The current evidence is limited by a small number of studies which were primarily conducted in high-income countries, and a narrow range of early-life variables examined. Using data from three population-based Brazilian birth cohorts (analytical samples: n = 2740 for 1982 cohort, aged 30 years; n = 3592 for 1993 cohort, aged 18; n = 2603 for 2004 cohort, aged 6), we show that being female and higher family socioeconomic status at birth are strong and consistent predictors of lower physical activity and higher sedentary time from childhood to adulthood. Meanwhile, higher birth weight and lower birth order may also predict lower physical activity and higher sedentary time. Our findings are distinct from evidence from high-income countries, suggesting the importance of broader socioeconomic context in determining individual’s activity patterns through the life- course. Such evidence is essential for understanding the biological etiology and socioeconomic context of physical activity and sedentary behaviour at an early stage in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Ding
- Prevention Research Collaboration, School of Public Health, and Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| | - Gregore I Mielke
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Brazil Rua Marechal Deodoro, 1160 - 3° Piso, Bairro Centro, Pelotas, RS, Cep: 96020-220, Caixa Postal 464, Brazil.,School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4067, Australia
| | - Inacio Crochemore M Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology and International Center for Equity in Health, Federal University of Pelotas, Rua Marechal Deodoro, 1160 - 3° Piso, Bairro Centro, Pelotas, RS, Cep: 96020-220, Caixa Postal 464, Brazil
| | - Fernando C Wehrmeister
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology and International Center for Equity in Health, Federal University of Pelotas, Rua Marechal Deodoro, 1160 - 3° Piso, Bairro Centro, Pelotas, RS, Cep: 96020-220, Caixa Postal 464, Brazil
| | - Bernardo L Horta
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology and International Center for Equity in Health, Federal University of Pelotas, Rua Marechal Deodoro, 1160 - 3° Piso, Bairro Centro, Pelotas, RS, Cep: 96020-220, Caixa Postal 464, Brazil
| | - Soren Brage
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, CB20SL, UK
| | - Pedro C Hallal
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Brazil Rua Marechal Deodoro, 1160 - 3° Piso, Bairro Centro, Pelotas, RS, Cep: 96020-220, Caixa Postal 464, Brazil
| | - Ulf Ekelund
- Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, PO Box 4014, Ulleval Stadion 0806, Oslo, Norway
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Ricardo LIC, da Silva ICM, de Andrade Leão OA, Domingues MR, Wehrmeister FC. Objectively measured physical activity in one-year-old children from a Brazilian cohort: levels, patterns and determinants. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2019; 16:131. [PMID: 31842916 PMCID: PMC6916047 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-019-0895-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study is to describe objectively measured physical activity (PA) and its correlates in one-year-old children. Methods The current study includes participants from the 2015 Pelotas (Brazil) birth cohort. At age one, PA was assessed in a 24-h protocol during 4 days with a wrist-attached accelerometer (ActiGraph, wGT3X-BT), from which two complete days of data were analyzed, with 5-s epochs. Results A total of 2974 individuals provided valid accelerometry data. Infants able to walk independently spent on average 19 h per day below 50 mg of acceleration (including sleep time), and those who could not walk spent on average 21 h in this intensity category. Girls spent approximately 10 min more than boys below 50 mg daily in both walking status categories, and less activity than boys on higher intensity categories. Boys and infants whose mothers were more physically active during pregnancy presented more acceleration, regardless of walking status. Among infants who could walk by themselves, those with mothers with one to eight schooling years; adequate length-for-age (z-score); not attending daycare; and more physically active fathers also showed higher levels of acceleration. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate higher levels of PA among boys and those children with higher maternal PA during pregnancy, regardless of walking status. Also, among infants able to independently walk, 1–8 years of maternal schooling, adequate length-for-age (z-score), no daycare attendance and higher paternal PA are positive correlates of objectively measured PA early in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Isnardi Cardoso Ricardo
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Marechal Deodoro, 1160 - 3rd Floor - Centro, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
| | - Inácio Crochemore M da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Marechal Deodoro, 1160 - 3rd Floor - Centro, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Otávio Amaral de Andrade Leão
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Marechal Deodoro, 1160 - 3rd Floor - Centro, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Marlos Rodrigues Domingues
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Marechal Deodoro, 1160 - 3rd Floor - Centro, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Fernando C Wehrmeister
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Marechal Deodoro, 1160 - 3rd Floor - Centro, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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Collin SM, Norris T, Joinson C, Loades ME, Lewis G, Stansfeld SA, Crawley E. Depressive symptoms at age 9-13 and chronic disabling fatigue at age 16: A longitudinal study. J Adolesc 2019; 75:123-129. [PMID: 31382113 PMCID: PMC6706778 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2019.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Introduction We investigated whether depressive symptoms at ages 9–13 years were associated with chronic disabling fatigue (CDF) at age 16 among children in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents & Children (ALSPAC) birth cohort. Methods Depressive symptoms at ages 9, 10, 11, 12, and 13 years were defined as a child- or parent-completed Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (SMFQ) score ≥11 (range 0–26). SMFQ score was also analysed as a continuous exposure. Chronic disabling fatigue at 16 was defined as fatigue of ≥6 months' but <5 years’ duration which prevented school attendance or activities, for which other causes were not identified, and with a Chalder Fatigue Questionnaire score ≥19. Logistic regression was used with multiple imputation to correct for missing data bias. We performed sensitivity analyses in which children who had CDF and depressive symptoms at age 16 were reclassified as not having CDF. Results In fully adjusted models using imputed data (N = 13,978), depressive symptoms at ages 9, 11, and 13 years were associated with 2- to 3-fold higher odds of CDF at age 16. Each one-point increase in SMFQ score at ages 9, 10, 11, 12, and 13 years was associated with 6–11% higher odds of CDF at age 16. Depressive symptoms and continuous SMFQ scores at each age were not associated with CDF if the outcome was reclassified to exclude children with comorbid depressive symptoms at age 16. Conclusions Depressive symptoms at ages 9–13 were associated with chronic disabling fatigue at age 16, but causality is not certain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon M Collin
- Centre for Academic Child Health, University of Bristol, 1-5 Whiteladies Road, Bristol, BS8 1NU, UK
| | - Tom Norris
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Epinal Way, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Carol Joinson
- Centre for Academic Child Health, University of Bristol, 1-5 Whiteladies Road, Bristol, BS8 1NU, UK
| | - Maria E Loades
- Centre for Academic Child Health, University of Bristol, 1-5 Whiteladies Road, Bristol, BS8 1NU, UK; Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Glyn Lewis
- Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, W1T 7NF, UK
| | - Stephen A Stansfeld
- Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Esther Crawley
- Centre for Academic Child Health, University of Bristol, 1-5 Whiteladies Road, Bristol, BS8 1NU, UK.
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Is willingness to exercise programmed in utero? Reviewing sedentary behavior and the benefits of physical activity in intrauterine growth restricted individuals. JORNAL DE PEDIATRIA (VERSÃO EM PORTUGUÊS) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedp.2018.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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16
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Bischoff AR, Cunha FDS, Dalle Molle R, Maróstica PJC, Silveira PP. Is willingness to exercise programmed in utero? Reviewing sedentary behavior and the benefits of physical activity in intrauterine growth restricted individuals. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2018; 94:582-595. [PMID: 29476706 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2017.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The literature suggests that a fetus will adapt to surrounding adversities by optimizing its use of energy to improve survival, ultimately leading to the programming of the individual's energy intake and expenditure. While recent reviews focused on the fetal programming of energy intake and food preferences, there is also some evidence that fetal adversity is associated with diminished physical activity levels. Therefore, we aimed to review (a) the evidence for an association between being born with intrauterine growth restriction and sedentarism over the life-course and (b) the potential benefits of physical activity over cardiometabolic risk factors for this population. SOURCES PubMed, Scielo, Scopus and Embase. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS Most clinical studies that used objective measures found no association between intrauterine growth restriction and physical activity levels, while most studies that used self-reported questionnaires revealed such relationships, particularly leisure time physical activity. Experimental studies support the existence of fetal programming of physical activity, and show that exposure to exercise during IUGR individuals' life improves metabolic outcomes but less effect was seen on muscle architecture or function. CONCLUSIONS Alterations in muscle strength and metabolism, as well as altered aerobic performance, may predispose IUGR individuals to be spontaneously less physically active, suggesting that this population may be an important target for preventive interventions. Although very heterogeneous, the different studies allow us to infer that physical activity may have beneficial effects especially for individuals that are more vulnerable to metabolic modifications such as those with IUGR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrianne Rahde Bischoff
- University of Toronto, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Toronto, Canada; Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Fábio da Silva Cunha
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Pediatria, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Roberta Dalle Molle
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Pediatria, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Paulo José Cauduro Maróstica
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Pediatria, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Pelufo Silveira
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Pediatria, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; McGill University, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Montreal, Canada
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17
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Aoyama T, Tanaka S, Tanaka M, Okuda M, Inoue S, Tanaka C. Association between age at onset of independent walking and objectively measured sedentary behavior is mediated by moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in primary school children. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204030. [PMID: 30226888 PMCID: PMC6143251 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Age at onset of walking has been shown as an early predictor of physical activity in infants and children. However, little is known about whether age at onset of walking may predict sedentary behavior (SB). The aim of the present study was to examine the association between the timing of onset of walking and objectively measured SB, and whether this association is mediated by moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in children. Methods The subjects were 388 elementary school children aged 6–12 years. Current weight and height data were collected. Birth weight and the age in months the child first walked independently were reported based on the parents’ recall. Children’s SB and physical activity were objectively measured using a triaxial accelerometer (Active style Pro HJA-350IT, OMRON). The following summary outcome variables were derived from accelerometer data: Time (min/day) spent in SB (≤1.5 metabolic equivalents [METs]) and MVPA (≥3.0 METs). Results The mean ± SD time (min/day) spent in sedentary was 376 ± 62 and MVPA was 67.6 ± 20.8. Multiple linear regression analyses revealed that a later age at independent walking was associated with increased time spent in SB (β = 0.15, P < 0.001) and decreased time spent in MVPA (β = -0. 18, P < 0.001) after adjusting for gender, birth weight, current age, body weight, schools, and time spent wearing the accelerometer. When MVPA was introduced as a covariate in the model predicting SB, the association between the age at independent walking and time spent in SB was completely attenuated (β = 0.04, P = 0.215), while MVPA was significantly associated with SB (β = -0.61, P < 0.001). Conclusions Our results indicate that infants who walked at a later age spent more time in SB in childhood, and this association is mediated by MVPA. Appropriate interventions which focus on increasing MVPA and thereby reducing SB may be beneficial in infants who demonstrate a later age at onset of independent walking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Aoyama
- Department of Nutritional Epidemiology and Shokuiku, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeho Tanaka
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maki Tanaka
- Department of Child Education, Kyoto Seibo College, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masayuki Okuda
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamaguchi University, Ube-shi, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Shigeru Inoue
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chiaki Tanaka
- Division of Integrated Sciences, J. F. Oberlin University, Machida-shi, Tokyo, Japan
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18
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Collin SM, Norris T, Deere KC, Jago R, Ness AR, Crawley E. Physical activity at age 11 years and chronic disabling fatigue at ages 13 and 16 years in a UK birth cohort. Arch Dis Child 2018; 103:586-591. [PMID: 29382635 PMCID: PMC5965358 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2017-314138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate associations of physical activity at age 11 years with chronic disabling fatigue (CDF) at ages 13 and 16 years. DESIGN Longitudinal birth cohort. SETTING South-West England. PARTICIPANTS Adolescents enrolled in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. OUTCOMES AND EXPOSURES We identified adolescents who had disabling fatigue of >6 months' duration without a known cause at ages 13 and 16 years. Total and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and sedentary time at age 11 years were measured by accelerometry over a 7-day period. RESULTS A total physical activity level 100 counts/min higher at age 11 years was associated with 25% lower odds of CDF at age 13 years (OR=0.75 (95% CI 0.59 to 0.95)), a 1% increase in the proportion of monitored time spent in moderate-to-vigorous activity was associated with 16% lower odds of CDF (OR=0.84 (95% CI 0.69 to 1.01)) and a 1-hour increase in sedentary time was associated with 35% higher odds of CDF (OR=1.35 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.79)). Disabling fatigue of only 3-5 months' duration at age 13 years had weaker associations with physical activity, and CDF at age 16 years was not associated with physical activity at age 11 years. CONCLUSIONS Children who had chronic disabling fatigue at age 13 years had lower levels of total and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and more sedentary time 2 years previously, but this association could be explained by reverse causation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon M Collin
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK,Centre for Child and Adolescent Health, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Tom Norris
- Department of Health Sciences, Centre for Medicine, College of Medicine, Biological Sciences and Psychology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Kevin C Deere
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, University of Bristol, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - Russell Jago
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Andy R Ness
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at the University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, University Hospitals Bristol Education Centre, Bristol, UK
| | - Esther Crawley
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK,Centre for Child and Adolescent Health, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Elhakeem A, Cooper R, Bann D, Kuh D, Hardy R. Birth Weight, School Sports Ability, and Adulthood Leisure-Time Physical Activity. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2017; 49:64-70. [PMID: 27580148 PMCID: PMC5207304 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to examine the associations of birth weight with ability in school sports in adolescence and participation in leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) across adulthood and to investigate whether associations between birth weight and LTPA change with age. Methods Study participants were British singletons born in 1946 and followed up to age 68 yr (the Medical Research Council National Survey of Health and Development). Birth weights were extracted from birth records. Teacher reports of ability in school sports were collected at age 13 yr. LTPA was self-reported at ages 36, 43, 53, 60–64, and 68 yr and categorized at each age as participating in sports, exercise, and other vigorous LTPA at least once per month versus no participation. Associations were examined using standard and mixed-effects logistic regression models. Results Relevant data were available for 2739 study participants (50.1% female). When compared with the low birth weight group (≤2.50 kg), those with heavier birth weights were more likely to be rated as above average or average at school sports (vs below average); fully adjusted odds ratio = 1.78 (95% confidence interval = 1.14–2.77). Across adulthood, those with heavier birth weights were more likely to participate in LTPA than those with low birth weight; fully adjusted odds ratio of LTPA across adulthood = 1.52 (95% confidence interval = 1.09–2.14). This association did not vary by age (P = 0.5 for birth weight by age interaction). Conclusions Low birth weight was associated with lower ability in school sports and with nonparticipation in LTPA across adulthood. Identifying the underlying developmental and social processes operating across life for low birth weight infants may inform the design of appropriate interventions to support participation in LTPA across life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Elhakeem
- 1MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, London, UNITED KINGDOM; and 2Centre for Longitudinal Studies, UCL Institute of Education, London, UNITED KINGDOM
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20
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Wasenius NS, Grattan KP, Harvey ALJ, Barrowman N, Goldfield GS, Adamo KB. Maternal gestational weight gain and objectively measured physical activity among offspring. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180249. [PMID: 28662129 PMCID: PMC5491154 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Animal studies have suggested that maternal weight-related factors during pregnancy can program offspring physical activity in a sex-dependent manner. However, there is limited evidence in humans. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between maternal gestational weight gain (GWG) and offspring total physical activity (TPA) level and to determine whether these associations are moderated by sex of offspring or maternal pre-pregnancy weight status. Method We studied 56 boys (mean age = 3.7 years, standard deviation (SD) 0.5) and 57 girls (mean age = 3.5±0.5 years) enrolled in licensed childcare centers. TPA was objectively measured using Actical® accelerometers. Information on pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), GWG, and other maternal factors were collected with a maternal health questionnaire. Associations between GWG, as a continuous variable or categorically (inadequate, adequate, and excessive), and offspring TPA were analysed using linear mixed models to take into account the intraclass correlation between the clusters (childcare centers). Models were adjusted for gestational age, accelerometer weartime, socioeconomic status, and pre-pregnancy BMI status. Results We found a significant sex interaction (P-value = 0.009). In boys, greater GWG was associated with decreased offspring TPA (β = -3.2 counts⋅1000−1/d, 95% confidence intervals (CI) = -6.4–0.02, P-value = 0.049). In girls born to mothers categorized as overweight or obese, the association between the GWG and TPA followed an inverted U-shape curve (β for GWG squared = -0.1 counts⋅1000−1/d, 95% CI = (-0.2 –-0.04), P-value = 0.005). In contrast, a U-shaped curve was found in girls born to mothers classified as lean (pre-pregnancy BMI<25 kg/m2) (β for GWG squared = 0.7 counts⋅1000−1/d, 95% CI = 0.2–1.2, P-value = 0.011). In boys, TPA in offspring was higher among women with inadequate GWG compared to adequate GWG (P-value = 0.0137), whereas no significant differences were found in girls (P-value = 0.107). Conclusion Maternal GWG can be an important biological marker of offspring TPA. These findings support the sex-dependent early developmental programming influence of GWG on TPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niko S. Wasenius
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Folkhalsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kimberly P. Grattan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Alysha L. J. Harvey
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Nick Barrowman
- Clinical Research Unit, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (CHEO RI), Ottawa, Canada
| | - Gary S. Goldfield
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity (HALO) Research Group, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Kristi B. Adamo
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity (HALO) Research Group, Ottawa, Canada
- * E-mail:
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He's just content to sit: a qualitative study of mothers' perceptions of infant obesity and physical activity. BMC Public Health 2017. [PMID: 28629410 PMCID: PMC5477242 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4503-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rates of obesity among children ages zero to five are rapidly increasing. Greater efforts are needed to promote healthy behaviors of young children. Mothers are especially important targets for promoting health as mothers’ views play a vital role in helping their children foster healthy habits from an early age. Research has found parents’ views of infants’ weight may influence their feeding practices; however, limited research has explored mothers’ view of infants’ weight in relation to the promotion of physical activity. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the perceptions of mothers of normal weight infants and overweight infants about their infant’s weight and physical activity. Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted with mothers of normal weight (n = 18) and of overweight (n = 11) infants (6.5 ± 0.5 month) in a Midwestern city in the United States. A thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. Results A majority of mothers thought infants could be overweight. However, no mothers referenced their own infant as overweight. Mothers most commonly noted infants could be overweight only if they were formula fed and/or were overfed, not if they were breastfed. Mothers views were not negatively influenced by others who mentioned that their child was either “big” or “small” and only one mother had been told her infant was overweight. A majority of mothers thought an infant could be physically active. When discussing infant activity, mothers primarily referred to it in terms of general mobility and a few thought activity level was related to a personality characteristic. Mothers intended to promote physical activity in the future either through outdoor play or specific organized activities such as sports. Despite a majority of mothers stating they were currently physically active themselves, only a few talked about interacting with their infant to promote their infant’s physical activity. Conclusions Efforts are needed by healthcare professionals and other public health professionals to inform mothers about the dangers of increased weight during infancy as well as the importance of interacting with infants to promote physical activity. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4503-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Lloyd J, Creanor S, Price L, Abraham C, Dean S, Green C, Hillsdon M, Pearson V, Taylor RS, Tomlinson R, Logan S, Hurst A, Ryan E, Daurge W, Wyatt K. Trial baseline characteristics of a cluster randomised controlled trial of a school-located obesity prevention programme; the Healthy Lifestyles Programme (HeLP) trial. BMC Public Health 2017; 17:291. [PMID: 28376846 PMCID: PMC5379664 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4196-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We have developed a healthy lifestyles programme (HeLP) for primary school aged children (9–10 years), currently being evaluated in a definitive cluster randomised controlled trial. This paper descriptively presents the baseline characteristics of trial children (BMI, waist circumference, % body fat, diet and physical activity) by gender, cluster level socio-economic status, school size and time of recruitment into the trial. Methods Schools were recruited from across the South West of England and allocated 1:1 to either intervention (HeLP) or control (usual practice) stratified by the proportion of children eligible for free school meals (FSM, <19%, ≥19%) and school size (one Year 5 class, >1 Year 5 class). The primary outcome is change in body mass index standard deviation score (BMI sds) at 24 months post-randomisation. Secondary outcomes are BMI sds at 18 months, waist circumference and percentage body fat sds at 18 and 24 months, proportion of children classified as underweight, overweight and obese at 18 and 24 months, physical activity (for a sub-sample) and food intake at 18 months. Results At baseline 11.4% and 13.6% of children were categorised as overweight or obese respectively. A higher percentage of girls than boys (25.3% vs 24.8%) and children from schools in FSM category 2 (28.2% vs 23.2%) were overweight or obese. Children were consuming a mean (range) of 4.15 (0–13) energy dense snacks (EDS) and 3.23 (0–9) healthy snacks (HS) per day with children from schools in FSM category 2 consuming more EDS and negative food markers and less HS and positive food markers. Children spent an average 53.6 min per day (11.9 to 124.8) in MVPA and thirteen hours (779.3 min) per day (11 h to 15 h) doing less than ‘light’ intensity activity. Less than 5% of children achieved the Departments of Health’s recommendation of 60 min of MVPA every day. Conclusion We have excellent completeness of baseline data for all measures and have achieved compliance to accelerometry not seen before in other large scale studies. Our anthropometric baseline data is representative of local and national data for children this age and reflects the gender and socio-economic variations expected of children this age in relation to physical activity and weight status. Trial registration ISRCTN15811706 (1/05/2012).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Lloyd
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter St Luke's Campus, Heavitree Road, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK.
| | - Siobhan Creanor
- Peninsula Clinical Trials Unit and Biostatistics, Bioinformatics & Biomarkers Group, Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine & Dentistry (formerly Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry), ITTC Building, Plymouth Science Park, Plymouth, Devon, PL6 8BX, UK
| | - Lisa Price
- Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter St Luke's Campus, Heavitree Road, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Charles Abraham
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter St Luke's Campus, Heavitree Road, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Sarah Dean
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter St Luke's Campus, Heavitree Road, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Colin Green
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter St Luke's Campus, Heavitree Road, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Melvyn Hillsdon
- Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter St Luke's Campus, Heavitree Road, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Virginia Pearson
- Public Health Devon, Devon County Council, County Hall, Topsham Road, Exeter, EX2 4QL, UK
| | - Rod S Taylor
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter St Luke's Campus, Heavitree Road, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Richard Tomlinson
- Department of Child Health Barrack Road, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Trust, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Stuart Logan
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter St Luke's Campus, Heavitree Road, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Alison Hurst
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter St Luke's Campus, Heavitree Road, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK
| | | | - Wendy Daurge
- St Leonard's Primary School, Exeter, Devon, EX2 4NQ, UK
| | - Katrina Wyatt
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter St Luke's Campus, Heavitree Road, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK
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Objectively-measured physical activity in children is influenced by social indicators rather than biological lifecourse factors: Evidence from a Brazilian cohort. Prev Med 2017; 97:40-44. [PMID: 28043827 PMCID: PMC5347809 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the longitudinal influences of early life social and biological indicators on objectively measured physical activity. All newborns in 2004 in the city of Pelotas, Southern Brazil were enrolled in a birth cohort study. At the age of 6years, a follow-up visit included objective assessment of overall physical activity (summarized in milli-g, 1mg=0.001g) by tri-axial wrist worn accelerometry. The associations between early life exposures, such as type of delivery, parity, birth weight, preterm delivery, maternal physical activity, socioeconomic position, and overall physical activity were examined. Valid accelerometry data were obtained from 2604 children (78.2% of the eligible individuals). Girls were less active than boys (β=-8.65mg; 95% CI -10.0; -7.30). Higher socioeconomic position was related to lower activity levels (β=-9.69mg. 95% CI -12.45; -6.93) and a similar association was found with maternal schooling. No associations were found with birthweight, type of delivery or preterm delivery. This study provides evidence for the role of some social factors in explaining children's physical activity behaviors, and minimizes the influence of some early life biological factors at determining physical activity levels.
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Garland T, Cadney MD, Waterland RA. Early-Life Effects on Adult Physical Activity: Concepts, Relevance, and Experimental Approaches. Physiol Biochem Zool 2016; 90:1-14. [PMID: 28051947 PMCID: PMC6397655 DOI: 10.1086/689775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Locomotion is a defining characteristic of animal life and plays a crucial role in most behaviors. Locomotion involves physical activity, which can have far-reaching effects on physiology and neurobiology, both acutely and chronically. In human populations and in laboratory rodents, higher levels of physical activity are generally associated with positive health outcomes, although excessive exercise can have adverse consequences. Whether and how such relationships occur in wild animals is unknown. Behavioral variation among individuals arises from genetic and environmental factors and their interactions as well as from developmental programming (persistent effects of early-life environment). Although tremendous progress has been made in identifying genetic and environmental influences on individual differences in behavior, early-life effects are not well understood. Early-life effects can in some cases persist across multiple generations following a single exposure and, in principle, may constrain or facilitate the rate of evolution at multiple levels of biological organization. Understanding the mechanisms of such transgenerational effects (e.g., exposure to stress hormones in utero, inherited epigenetic alterations) may prove crucial to explaining unexpected and/or sex-specific responses to selection as well as limits to adaptation. One area receiving increased attention is early-life effects on adult physical activity. Correlational data from epidemiological studies suggest that early-life nutritional stress can (adversely) affect adult human activity levels and associated physiological traits (e.g., body composition, metabolic health). The few existing studies of laboratory rodents demonstrate that both maternal and early-life exercise can affect adult levels of physical activity and related phenotypes. Going forward, rodents offer many opportunities for experimental studies of (multigenerational) early-life effects, including studies that use maternal exposures and cross-fostering designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore Garland
- Department of Biology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - Marcell D. Cadney
- Department of Biology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - Robert A. Waterland
- Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Houston, Texas 77030
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Pinto Pereira SM, Li L, Power C. Early Life Factors and Adult Leisure Time Physical Inactivity Stability and Change. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2016; 47:1841-8. [PMID: 25563907 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000000610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Physical inactivity has a high prevalence and associated disease burden. A better understanding of influences on sustaining and changing inactive lifestyles is needed. We aimed to establish whether leisure time inactivity was stable in midadulthood and whether early life factors were associated with inactivity patterns. METHODS In the 1958 British birth cohort (n = 12,271), leisure time inactivity (frequency, less than once a week) assessed at 33 and 50 yr was categorized as "never inactive," "persistently inactive," "deteriorating," or "improving." Early life factors (birth to 16 yr) were categorized into three (physical, social, and behavioral) domains. Using multinomial logistic regression, we assessed associations with inactivity persistence and change of factors within each early life domain and the three domains combined with and without adjustment for adult factors. RESULTS Inactivity prevalence was similar at 33 and 50 yr (approximately 31%), but 17% deteriorated and 18% improved with age. In models adjusted for all domains simultaneously, factors associated with inactivity persistence versus never inactive were prepubertal stature (8% lower risk/height SD), poor hand control/coordination (17% higher risk/increase on four-point scale), cognition (16% lower/SD in ability) (physical); parental divorce (25% higher), class at birth (7% higher/reduction on four-point scale), minimal parental education (16% higher), household amenities (2% higher/increase in 19-point score (high = poor)) (social); and inactivity (22% higher/reduction in activity on four-point scale), low sports aptitude (47% higher), smoking (30% higher) (behavioral). All except stature, parental education, sports aptitude, and smoking were associated also with inactivity deterioration. Poor hand control/coordination was the only factor associated with improved status (13% lower/increase on four-point scale) versus persistently inactive. CONCLUSIONS Adult leisure time inactivity is moderately stable. Early life factors are associated with persistent and deteriorating inactivity over decades in midadulthood but rarely with improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snehal M Pinto Pereira
- Population, Policy and Practice, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UNITED KINGDOM
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Physical Activity Levels in Chinese One-Year-Old Children and Their Parents, an Early STOPP China Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153605. [PMID: 27078684 PMCID: PMC4831821 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity (PA) is associated with health benefits, already in childhood. However, little is known about actual levels, patterns and gender differences in PA level in very young children. This study examines Chinese one-year-old children and their parents' PA levels and patterns, and assesses the correlations between children's PA level and gender, body mass index standard deviation score (BMI SDS), parental BMI and parental PA level. METHODS Data from 123 families participating in the Early STOPP China study were used. Families were recruited based on parental BMI and were classified as either high-risk or low-risk of obesity. Parents and children wore an ActiGraph GT3X+ to assess the average PA levels. PA levels and hourly patterns during weekdays and weekends were examined as were correlations with gender, BMI SDS, parental BMI and parental PA levels. RESULTS There were no significant differences in children's averaged PA between risk groups, genders, or between weekdays and weekends. Children's peak average activity level was at 7 pm and they were least active at 3 pm (p<0.001). Both mothers and fathers demonstrated a similar PA pattern as their children, although paternal PA level was consistently lower than that of mothers and children. No significant association was found between children's PA and their gender, BMI SDS, parental BMI or paternal PA levels. Maternal PA was found positively associated with child PA (p<0.05). CONCLUSION PA in one-year-old Chinese children vary over the day but weekdays and weekends are similar. At this age, children's PA is not related to gender, BMI SDS, parental BMI or paternal PA. Larger scale studies with more contextual information are needed to improve the understanding of our findings.
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Metcalf BS, Hosking J, Henley WE, Jeffery AN, Mostazir M, Voss LD, Wilkin TJ. Physical activity attenuates the mid-adolescent peak in insulin resistance but by late adolescence the effect is lost: a longitudinal study with annual measures from 9-16 years (EarlyBird 66). Diabetologia 2015; 58:2699-708. [PMID: 26264061 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-015-3714-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The aim of this work was to test whether the mid-adolescent peak in insulin resistance (IR) and trends in other metabolic markers are influenced by long-term exposure to physical activity. METHODS Physical activity (7 day ActiGraph accelerometry), HOMA-IR and other metabolic markers (glucose, fasting insulin, HbA1c, lipids and BP) were measured annually from age 9 years to 16 years in 300 children (151 boys) from the EarlyBird study in Plymouth, UK. The activity level of each child was characterised, with 95% reliability, by averaging their eight annual physical activity measures. Age-related trends in IR and metabolic health were analysed by multi-level modelling, with physical activity as the exposure measure (categorical and continuous) and body fat percentage (assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) and pubertal status (according to age at peak height velocity and Tanner stage) as covariates. RESULTS The peak in IR at age 12-13 years was 17% lower (p < 0.001) in the more active adolescents independently of body fat percentage and pubertal status. However, this difference diminished progressively over the next 3 years and had disappeared completely by the age of 16 years (e.g. difference was -14% at 14 years, -8% at 15 years and +1% at 16 years; 'physical activity × age(2), interaction, p < 0.01). Triacylglycerol levels in girls (-9.7%, p = 0.05) and diastolic blood pressure in boys (-1.20 mmHg, p = 0.03) tended to be lower throughout adolescence in the more active group. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our finding that physical activity attenuates IR during mid-adolescence may be clinically important. It remains to be established whether the temporary attenuation in IR during this period has implications for the development of diabetes in adolescence and for future metabolic health generally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad S Metcalf
- Institute of Health Research, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK.
- Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, St Luke's Campus, Heavitree Road, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK.
| | - Joanne Hosking
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth, UK
| | - William E Henley
- Institute of Health Research, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Alison N Jeffery
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth, UK
| | - Mohammod Mostazir
- Institute of Health Research, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Linda D Voss
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth, UK
| | - Terence J Wilkin
- Institute of Health Research, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
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Acosta W, Meek TH, Schutz H, Dlugosz EM, Vu KT, Garland T. Effects of early-onset voluntary exercise on adult physical activity and associated phenotypes in mice. Physiol Behav 2015; 149:279-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Cain KL, Gavand KA, Conway TL, Peck E, Bracy NL, Bonilla E, Rincon P, Sallis JF. Physical activity in youth dance classes. Pediatrics 2015; 135:1066-73. [PMID: 25986023 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2014-2415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The majority of youth are not meeting the US Department of Health and Human Services physical activity guidelines. Dance is a popular activity, particularly for girls, and has the potential to increase physical activity for many youth. This study investigated physical activity of children and adolescents in 7 dance types: ballet, hip-hop, jazz, Latin-flamenco, Latin-salsa/ballet folklorico, partnered, and tap. METHODS Data were collected in 17 private studios and 4 community centers in San Diego, California. A total of 264 girls from 66 classes participated (n =154 children; n = 110 adolescents). Physical activity was measured with accelerometers, and activity levels during class were calculated. RESULTS Participants recorded an average of 17.2 ± 8.9 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (36% of class), but this varied by age and dance type. For children, dance type differences were observed with percent of class in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity ranging from 13.6% (Latin-flamenco) to 57% (hip-hop). For adolescents, there were no differences across dance types. Children were more active than adolescents in all types except ballet. Children and adolescents were more active in private compared with community center classes. CONCLUSIONS Overall, physical activity in youth dance classes was low; 8% of children and 6% of adolescents met the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 30-minute guideline for after-school physical activity during dance. To increase physical activity in dance classes, teaching methods could be employed to increase activity in all types, or emphasis could be placed on greater participation in more active dance types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelli L Cain
- Department of Psychology and Departments of Family and Preventive Medicine and
| | | | - Terry L Conway
- Departments of Family and Preventive Medicine and Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University Research Foundation, San Diego, California; and
| | | | - Nicole L Bracy
- Department of Psychology and Departments of Family and Preventive Medicine and
| | - Edith Bonilla
- Department of Psychology and Departments of Family and Preventive Medicine and
| | - Patricia Rincon
- Theatre and Dance, University California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - James F Sallis
- Department of Psychology and Departments of Family and Preventive Medicine and
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Lloyd J, Wyatt K. The Healthy Lifestyles Programme (HeLP)--an overview of and recommendations arising from the conceptualisation and development of an innovative approach to promoting healthy lifestyles for children and their families. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:1003-19. [PMID: 25608589 PMCID: PMC4306907 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph120101003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite the rise in childhood obesity, there remains a paucity of evidence for effective interventions that engage children and parents sufficiently to make and sustain lifestyle behaviour change. The Healthy Lifestyles Programme (HeLP) is a school-located obesity prevention programme, which has been developed with teachers, families and healthcare professionals. The underpinning assumption in the development of HeLP was to take a relational approach to changing behaviour, building relationships with the schools, children and their families to create supportive environments for healthy lifestyle choices. Thus, HeLP was conceptualised as a complex intervention within a complex system and developed as a dynamic, evolving set of processes to support and motivate children towards healthy behaviours. The delivery methods used are highly interactive and encourage identification with and ownership of the healthy lifestyle messages so that the children are motivated to take them home to their parents and effect change within the family. We have good evidence that HeLP engages schools and children such that they want to participate in the Programme. Results from an exploratory trial showed that the Programme is feasible and acceptable and has the potential to change behaviours and affect weight status. This paper presents an overview of and recommendations arising from the conceptualization; development and evaluation of the Healthy Lifestyles Programme as part of a special issue focusing on novel approaches to the global problem of childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Lloyd
- Institute for Health Research, University of Exeter Medical School, Veysey Building, Salmon Pool Lane, Exeter, Devon, EX2 4SG, UK.
| | - Katrina Wyatt
- Institute for Health Research, University of Exeter Medical School, Veysey Building, Salmon Pool Lane, Exeter, Devon, EX2 4SG, UK.
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Pinto Pereira SM, Li L, Power C. Early-life predictors of leisure-time physical inactivity in midadulthood: findings from a prospective British birth cohort. Am J Epidemiol 2014; 180:1098-108. [PMID: 25282383 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwu254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Much adult physical inactivity research ignores early-life factors from which later influences may originate. In the 1958 British birth cohort (followed from 1958 to 2008), leisure-time inactivity, defined as activity frequency of less than once a week, was assessed at ages 33, 42, and 50 years (n = 12,776). Early-life factors (at ages 0-16 years) were categorized into 3 domains (i.e., physical, social, and behavioral). We assessed associations of adult inactivity 1) with factors within domains, 2) with the 3 domains combined, and 3) allowing for adult factors. At each age, approximately 32% of subjects were inactive. When domains were combined, factors associated with inactivity (e.g., at age 50 years) were prepubertal stature (5% lower odds per 1-standard deviation higher height), hand control/coordination problems (14% higher odds per 1-point increase on a 4-point scale), cognition (10% lower odds per 1-standard deviation greater ability), parental divorce (21% higher odds), institutional care (29% higher odds), parental social class at child's birth (9% higher odds per 1-point reduction on a 4-point scale), minimal parental education (13% higher odds), household amenities (2% higher odds per increase (representing poorer amenities) on a 19-point scale), inactivity (8% higher odds per 1-point reduction in activity on a 4-point scale), low sports aptitude (13% higher odds), and externalizing behaviors (i.e., conduct problems) (5% higher odds per 1-standard deviation higher score). Adjustment for adult covariates weakened associations slightly. Factors from early life were associated with adult leisure-time inactivity, allowing for early identification of groups vulnerable to inactivity.
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Castro-Piñero J, Carbonell-Baeza A, Martinez-Gomez D, Gómez-Martínez S, Cabanas-Sánchez V, Santiago C, Veses AM, Bandrés F, Gonzalez-Galo A, Gomez-Gallego F, Veiga OL, Ruiz JR, Marcos A. Follow-up in healthy schoolchildren and in adolescents with Down syndrome: psycho-environmental and genetic determinants of physical activity and its impact on fitness, cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory biomarkers and mental health; the UP&DOWN study. BMC Public Health 2014; 14:400. [PMID: 24761982 PMCID: PMC4012062 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background An objective diagnosis of sedentary behaviour as well as of the physical activity and fitness levels in youth and to better understand how lifestyle is associated with cardiovascular disease risk factors and other phenotypes is of clinical and public health interest, and might be informative for developing intervention studies focused on the promotion of physical activity in these population. The aim of this methodological paper is to describe the design and assessment in the UP&DOWN study. Methods/Design The UP&DOWN study is a multi-center follow-up design where 2225 Spanish primary and secondary schoolchildren from Cadiz and Madrid, respectively, as well as 110 Spanish adolescents with Down syndrome from Madrid and Toledo were recruited to be assessed. Nine main measurement categories are assessed: i) socio-demographic and early determinants; ii) environmental determinants; iii) physical activity and sedentary behaviour; iv) health-related fitness; v) blood pressure and resting heart rate; vi) mental health; vii) dietary patterns; viii) blood samples; and ix) genetic analysis. During the 3-yr follow-up study, socio-demographic and early determinants, and genetic analysis are only assessed in the first year. Blood sampling is assessed in the first year and the third year (2nd follow-up), and all the other measurements are assessed every year. Discussion The findings of the UP&DOWN study may help the Health Information Systems and policy makers to identify the target population for primary prevention and health promotion policies, and to develop and test preventive strategies. Moreover, these data will allow following the trends at population level, as well as to modify/adapt/create new evidence-based physical activity guidelines at national level. The findings will also serve as a scientific platform for interventional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Castro-Piñero
- Department of Physical Education, School of Education, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, Spain.
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Abstract
High amounts of time spent sedentary and low levels of physical activity have been implicated in the process of excessive adiposity gains in youth. The aim of this review is to discuss the role of physical activity, sedentary time and behaviour (i.e. television (TV)-viewing) in relation to adiposity during the first two decades of life with a specific focus on whether the association between sedentary time, and behaviour and adiposity is independent of physical activity. We identified nine cohort studies (three prospective) whether sedentary time was associated with adiposity independent of physical activity. Eight of these studies suggested that sedentary time was unrelated to adiposity when physical activity was taken into account. Results from studies (n 8) examining the independent association between TV-viewing and adiposity independent of physical activity were mixed. Those that observed a positive association between TV-viewing and adiposity independent of physical activity discussed that the association may be due to residual confounding. A few additional studies have also challenged the general notion that low levels of physical activity leads to fatness and suggested that higher baseline fatness may be predictive of a decline in physical activity. It appears unlikely that higher levels of sedentary time are associated with or predictive of, higher levels of adiposity when physical activity is controlled for in youth. Specific sedentary behaviours such as TV-viewing may be associated with adiposity independent of physical activity but the results may be explained by residual confounding.
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Ra JS, Chae SM. Factors Influencing Maternal Support for Physical Activity of Preschool Children. CHILD HEALTH NURSING RESEARCH 2014. [DOI: 10.4094/chnr.2014.20.1.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Suk Ra
- College of Nursing, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sun-Mi Chae
- College of Nursing & The Research Institute of Nursing Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Kwan MYW, Cairney J, Hay JA, Faught BE. Understanding physical activity and motivations for children with developmental coordination disorder: an investigation using the theory of planned behavior. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2013; 34:3691-3698. [PMID: 24013157 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2013.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Revised: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is a neurodevelopmental condition, affecting approximately 5-6% of children. Previous research has consistently found children with DCD being less physically active compared to typically-developing (TD) children; however, the psychosocial factors associated with physical activity for children with DCD are poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to examine how theory-based physical activity cognitions impacts physical activity behaviors for children with and without DCD. Participants included a sample of boys (N=61, Mage=13.25 ±.46) with DCD (n=19) and without DCD (n=42), drawn from a larger prospective cohort study. A questionnaire with psychosocial measures was first administered, and accelerometers were used to assess their physical activity behavior over the subsequent week. Findings indicate that DCD was significantly associated with lower physical activity (F(1,58)=6.51, p<.05), and poorer physical activity cognitions (F(4,56) Wilks Lambda=2.78, p<.05). Meditational analyses found attitudes (B=.23, p<.05) and subjective norms (B=.31, p<.05) partially mediating the relationship between DCD and physical activity. Overall, this study further confirms that the activity deficit that exists among boys with DCD, and that the relationship is partially mediated through some physical activity cognitions. Interventions should target the perceived approval of influential people, and the personal evaluations of physical activity for boys with motoric difficulties. These findings further emphasizes the discrepancy in physical activity that exist between boys with DCD and TD boys, and highlight the need to better understand the psychological factors related to physical activity for children with DCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Y W Kwan
- Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Departments of Kinesiology, Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences and Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research, and Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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Currie S, Sinclair M, Murphy MH, Madden E, Dunwoody L, Liddle D. Reducing the decline in physical activity during pregnancy: a systematic review of behaviour change interventions. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66385. [PMID: 23799096 PMCID: PMC3682976 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Physical activity (PA) typically declines throughout pregnancy. Low levels of PA are associated with excessive weight gain and subsequently increase risk of pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, hypertension disorders, delivery by caesarean section and stillbirth. Systematic reviews on PA during pregnancy have not explored the efficacy of behaviour change techniques or related theory in altering PA behaviour. This systematic review evaluated the content of PA interventions to reduce the decline of PA in pregnant women with a specific emphasis on the behaviour change techniques employed to elicit this change. SEARCH AND REVIEW METHODOLOGY Literature searches were conducted in eight databases. Strict inclusion and exclusion criteria were employed. Two reviewers independently evaluated each intervention using the behaviour change techniques (BCT) taxonomy to identify the specific behaviour change techniques employed. Two reviewers independently assessed the risk of bias using the guidelines from the Cochrane Collaboration. Overall quality was determined using the GRADE approach. FINDINGS A total of 1140 potentially eligible papers were identified from which 14 studies were selected for inclusion. Interventions included counselling (n = 6), structured exercise (n = 6) and education (n = 2). Common behaviour change techniques employed in these studies were goal setting and planning, feedback, repetition and substitution, shaping knowledge and comparison of behaviours. Regular face-to-face meetings were also commonly employed. PA change over time in intervention groups ranged from increases of 28% to decreases of 25%. In 8 out of 10 studies, which provided adequate data, participants in the intervention group were more physically active post intervention than controls. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Physical activity interventions incorporating behaviour change techniques help reduce the decline in PA throughout pregnancy. Range of behaviour change techniques can be implemented to reduce this decline including goals and planning, shaping knowledge and comparison of outcomes. A lack of high quality interventions hampers conclusions of intervention effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinead Currie
- Maternal, Fetal and Infant Research Centre, Institute of Nursing and Health Research, University of Ulster, Newtownabbey, Northern Ireland.
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Eather N, Morgan PJ, Lubans DR. Social support from teachers mediates physical activity behavior change in children participating in the Fit-4-Fun intervention. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2013; 10:68. [PMID: 23714651 PMCID: PMC3672071 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5868-10-68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have examined the mediators of behavior change in successful school-based physical activity interventions. The aim of this study was to explore potential mediators of physical activity in the Fit-4-Fun program for primary school children. DESIGN Group randomized controlled trial. METHODS Four primary schools were recruited in April, 2011 and randomized by school into intervention or control conditions. Participants included 213 children (mean age = 10.7 years ± 0.6; 52.2% female) with the treatment group (n = 118) completing the 8-week multi-component Fit-4-Fun program. Participants were assessed at baseline, 3- and 6-months. Physical activity was measured using Yamax SW700 pedometers (mean steps/day) and questionnaires were used to assess constructs from Social Cognitive Theory and Competence Motivation Theory. Hypothesized mediators measured included social support from peers, parents and teachers; physical activity self-efficacy (barrier and task); enjoyment; and perceived school physical environment. Mediation was assessed using Preacher and Hayes' multiple mediation regression SPSS macro. Action theory (A), conceptual theory (B) and the significance of the product of coefficients (AB) are reported. RESULTS The intervention had a significant effect on physical activity (p<0.001). The action theory test results revealed significant treatment effects at 3-months for perceived school environment (A=0.28, p<0.001); and at 6-month follow-up for perceived school environment (A=0.058, p<0.001), teacher social support (A=0.54, p<0.05) and enjoyment (A=-0.23, p<0.05). The conceptual theory test revealed a significant relationship between changes in teacher social support and changes in physical activity at 6-month follow-up (B=828, P<0.05). Teacher social support was shown to have a significant mediating effect on physical activity (AB = 445, CI = 77-1068 steps, proportion= 13%), and perceived school environment approached significance (AB = 434, CI= -415 to 1507 steps, proportion= 13%). CONCLUSIONS The Fit-4-Fun program successfully targeted social support for physical activity provided by classroom teachers which contributed to improved physical activity in children. These results demonstrate that classroom teachers play a key role in influencing physical activity behavior outcomes in children.Trial Registration No: ACTRN12611000976987.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narelle Eather
- Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Education, Faculty of Education & Arts University of Newcastle, Callaghan Campus, Callaghan, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
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Wyatt KM, Lloyd JJ, Abraham C, Creanor S, Dean S, Densham E, Daurge W, Green C, Hillsdon M, Pearson V, Taylor RS, Tomlinson R, Logan S. The Healthy Lifestyles Programme (HeLP), a novel school-based intervention to prevent obesity in school children: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials 2013; 14:95. [PMID: 23556434 PMCID: PMC3652736 DOI: 10.1186/1745-6215-14-95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Over the last three decades there has been a substantial increase in the proportion of children who are overweight or obese. The Healthy Lifestyles Programme (HeLP) is a novel school-based intervention, using highly interactive and creative delivery methods to prevent obesity in children. Methods/Design We describe a cluster randomised controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness and cost effectiveness of HeLP. The intervention has been developed using intervention mapping (involving extensive stakeholder involvement) and has been guided by the Information, Motivation, Behavioural Skills model. HeLP includes creating a receptive environment, drama activities, goal setting and reinforcement activities and runs over three school terms. Piloting showed that 9 to 10 year olds were the most receptive and participative. This study aims to recruit 1,300 children from 32 schools (over half of which will have ≥19% of pupils eligible for free school meals) from the southwest of England. Participating schools will be randomised to intervention or control groups with baseline measures taken prior to randomisation. The primary outcome is change in body mass index standard deviation score (BMI SDS) at 24 months post baseline. Secondary outcomes include, waist circumference and percent body fat SDS and proportion of children classified as overweight or obese at 18 and 24 months and objectively measured physical activity and food intake at 18 months. Between-group comparisons will be made using random effects regression analysis taking into account the hierarchical nature of the study design. An economic evaluation will estimate the incremental cost-effectiveness of HeLP, compared to control, from the perspective of the National Health Service (NHS)/third party payer. An in-depth process evaluation will provide insight into how HeLP works, and whether there is any differential uptake or engagement with the programme. Discussion The results of the trial will provide evidence on the effectiveness and cost effectiveness of the Healthy Lifestyles Programme in affecting the weight status of children. Trial registration ISRCTN15811706
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina M Wyatt
- Institute of Health Services Research, University of Exeter Medical School (formerly Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry), Veysey Building, Salmon Pool Lane, Exeter, Devon EX2 4SG, UK.
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Fraser A, Macdonald-Wallis C, Tilling K, Boyd A, Golding J, Davey Smith G, Henderson J, Macleod J, Molloy L, Ness A, Ring S, Nelson SM, Lawlor DA. Cohort Profile: the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children: ALSPAC mothers cohort. Int J Epidemiol 2013; 42:97-110. [PMID: 22507742 PMCID: PMC3600619 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dys066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1635] [Impact Index Per Article: 148.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Summary The Avon Longitudinal Study of Children and Parents (ALSPAC) was established to understand how genetic and environmental characteristics influence health and development in parents and children. All pregnant women resident in a defined area in the South West of England, with an expected date of delivery between 1st April 1991 and 31st December 1992, were eligible and 13761 women (contributing 13867 pregnancies) were recruited. These women have been followed over the last 19-22 years and have completed up to 20 questionnaires, have had detailed data abstracted from their medical records and have information on any cancer diagnoses and deaths through record linkage. A follow-up assessment was completed 17-18 years postnatal at which anthropometry, blood pressure, fat, lean and bone mass and carotid intima media thickness were assessed, and a fasting blood sample taken. The second follow-up clinic, which additionally measures cognitive function, physical capability, physical activity (with accelerometer) and wrist bone architecture, is underway and two further assessments with similar measurements will take place over the next 5 years. There is a detailed biobank that includes DNA, with genome-wide data available on >10000, stored serum and plasma taken repeatedly since pregnancy and other samples; a wide range of data on completed biospecimen assays are available. Details of how to access these data are provided in this cohort profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Fraser
- MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational
Epidemiology, University of Bristol, UK, School of Social and Community
Medicine, University of Bristol, UK, School of Oral and Dental Sciences,
University of Bristol, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK and School of
Medicine, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Corrie Macdonald-Wallis
- MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational
Epidemiology, University of Bristol, UK, School of Social and Community
Medicine, University of Bristol, UK, School of Oral and Dental Sciences,
University of Bristol, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK and School of
Medicine, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Kate Tilling
- MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational
Epidemiology, University of Bristol, UK, School of Social and Community
Medicine, University of Bristol, UK, School of Oral and Dental Sciences,
University of Bristol, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK and School of
Medicine, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Andy Boyd
- MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational
Epidemiology, University of Bristol, UK, School of Social and Community
Medicine, University of Bristol, UK, School of Oral and Dental Sciences,
University of Bristol, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK and School of
Medicine, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Jean Golding
- MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational
Epidemiology, University of Bristol, UK, School of Social and Community
Medicine, University of Bristol, UK, School of Oral and Dental Sciences,
University of Bristol, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK and School of
Medicine, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational
Epidemiology, University of Bristol, UK, School of Social and Community
Medicine, University of Bristol, UK, School of Oral and Dental Sciences,
University of Bristol, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK and School of
Medicine, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - John Henderson
- MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational
Epidemiology, University of Bristol, UK, School of Social and Community
Medicine, University of Bristol, UK, School of Oral and Dental Sciences,
University of Bristol, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK and School of
Medicine, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - John Macleod
- MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational
Epidemiology, University of Bristol, UK, School of Social and Community
Medicine, University of Bristol, UK, School of Oral and Dental Sciences,
University of Bristol, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK and School of
Medicine, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Lynn Molloy
- MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational
Epidemiology, University of Bristol, UK, School of Social and Community
Medicine, University of Bristol, UK, School of Oral and Dental Sciences,
University of Bristol, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK and School of
Medicine, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Andy Ness
- MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational
Epidemiology, University of Bristol, UK, School of Social and Community
Medicine, University of Bristol, UK, School of Oral and Dental Sciences,
University of Bristol, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK and School of
Medicine, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Susan Ring
- MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational
Epidemiology, University of Bristol, UK, School of Social and Community
Medicine, University of Bristol, UK, School of Oral and Dental Sciences,
University of Bristol, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK and School of
Medicine, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Scott M Nelson
- MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational
Epidemiology, University of Bristol, UK, School of Social and Community
Medicine, University of Bristol, UK, School of Oral and Dental Sciences,
University of Bristol, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK and School of
Medicine, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Debbie A Lawlor
- MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational
Epidemiology, University of Bristol, UK, School of Social and Community
Medicine, University of Bristol, UK, School of Oral and Dental Sciences,
University of Bristol, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK and School of
Medicine, University of Glasgow, UK
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Hesketh KD, Hinkley T, Campbell KJ. Children's physical activity and screen time: qualitative comparison of views of parents of infants and preschool children. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2012; 9:152. [PMID: 23270548 PMCID: PMC3543294 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5868-9-152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background While parents are central to the development of behaviours in their young children, little is known about how parents view their role in shaping physical activity and screen time behaviours. Methods Using an unstructured focus group design, parental views and practices around children′s physical activity and screen time (television and computer use) were explored with eight groups of new parents (n=61; child age <12 months) and eight groups of parents with preschool-aged (3–5 year old) children (n=36) in Melbourne, Australia. Results Parents generally believed children are naturally active, which may preclude their engagement in strategies designed to increase physical activity. While parents across both age groups shared many overarching views concerning parenting for children′s physical activity and screen time behaviours, some strategies and barriers differed depending on the age of the child. While most new parents were optimistic about their ability to positively influence their child′s behaviours, many parents of preschool-aged children seemed more resigned to strategies that worked for them, even when aware such strategies may not be ideal. Conclusions Interventions aiming to increase children′s physical activity and decrease screen time may need to tailor strategies to the age group of the child and address parents′ misconceptions and barriers to optimum parenting in these domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie D Hesketh
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Hwy, Burwood Victoria, 3125, Australia.
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Differing lifecourse associations with sport-, occupational- and household-based physical activity at age 49–51 years: the Newcastle Thousand Families Study. Int J Public Health 2012; 58:79-88. [PMID: 22864652 DOI: 10.1007/s00038-012-0392-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Revised: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 07/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Kehoe SH, Krishnaveni GV, Veena SR, Hill JC, Osmond C, Kiran, Coakley P, Karat SC, Fall CHD. Birth size and physical activity in a cohort of Indian children aged 6-10 years. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2012; 3:245-52. [PMID: 24098836 PMCID: PMC3790308 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174412000189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
There is evidence of a reduction in children's physical activity in India in the last decade. Our objective was to assess whether size and body composition at birth are associated with physical activity in school-aged children. Children from a prospective observational cohort study born in Mysore, South India between 1997 and 1998 (n = 663) had neonatal anthropometric measurements made within 72 h of delivery [weight, mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), chest, abdomen and head circumference, crown-heel, crown-buttock and leg length, triceps and subscapular skinfolds]. At 6-10 years, children (n = 449) were asked to wear AM7164 or GT1M Actigraph accelerometers for 7 days. Body composition was measured within 6 months of activity monitoring. Arm muscle area at birth and time of activity monitoring was calculated from MUAC and skinfold measurements. Activity outcome measures were: mean accelerometer counts per minute (cpm); counts per day and proportion of time spent in moderate and vigorous activity. The mean (S.D.) number of days with ≥500 min of recorded accelerometer data was 7.0 (1.1). Linear regression models showed no significant associations between any of the neonatal anthropometric measures and the activity variables. Body fat percentage at 7.5 years was negatively associated with all activity variables (B = -4.69, CI: -7.31, -2.07 for mean cpm). In conclusion, this study showed no associations between body size and skinfold thickness at birth and objectively measured physical activity in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. H. Kehoe
- Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - G. V. Krishnaveni
- Epidemiology Research Unit, CSI Holdsworth Memorial Hospital, Mysore, India
| | - S. R. Veena
- Epidemiology Research Unit, CSI Holdsworth Memorial Hospital, Mysore, India
| | - J. C. Hill
- Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - C. Osmond
- Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Kiran
- Epidemiology Research Unit, CSI Holdsworth Memorial Hospital, Mysore, India
| | - P. Coakley
- Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - S. C. Karat
- Epidemiology Research Unit, CSI Holdsworth Memorial Hospital, Mysore, India
| | - C. H. D. Fall
- Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Hallal PC, Dumith SC, Ekelund U, Reichert FF, Menezes AMB, Victora CG, Wells JCK. Infancy and childhood growth and physical activity in adolescence: prospective birth cohort study from Brazil. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2012; 9:82. [PMID: 22747581 PMCID: PMC3458988 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5868-9-82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease hypothesis suggests that intrauterine, infancy and early childhood variables play a key role at programming later health. However, little is known on the programming of behavioral variables, because most studies so far focused on chronic disease-related and human capital outcomes. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of prenatal, infancy and childhood weight and length/height gains on objectively-measured physical activity (PA) in adolescence. METHODS This is a prospective birth cohort study in Pelotas, Brazil, including 457 adolescents (mean age: 13.3 years) with weight and length/height data at birth, one, three and six months, one and four years of age. PA was measured using a GT1M Actigraph accelerometer, and expressed as (a) minutes per day spent on sedentary, light, moderate, vigorous and very-vigorous activities; (b) total counts per day. RESULTS 61.3% of the adolescents accumulated 60+ minutes of moderate-to-vigorous PA per day. Weight and length/height trajectories in infancy and childhood were similar between those classified as active or inactive at 13.3 years. However, those classified as inactive were heavier and taller at all ages; differences were statistically significant only in terms of length at three, six and 12 months. CONCLUSIONS Weight gain in infancy and childhood did not predict variability in adolescent PA, but those active in adolescence showed somewhat smaller average gains in length in infancy. These findings suggest that PA may partially be sensitive to early hormonal programming, or that genetic factors may affect both early growth and later metabolism or predisposition for PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro C Hallal
- Federal University of Pelotas, Rua Marechal Deodoro 1160, 96020-220, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Samuel C Dumith
- Federal University of Pelotas, Rua Marechal Deodoro 1160, 96020-220, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Ulf Ekelund
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrookes Hospital, Box 285, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Felipe F Reichert
- Federal University of Pelotas, Rua Marechal Deodoro 1160, 96020-220, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Ana M B Menezes
- Federal University of Pelotas, Rua Marechal Deodoro 1160, 96020-220, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Cesar G Victora
- Federal University of Pelotas, Rua Marechal Deodoro 1160, 96020-220, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Jonathan C K Wells
- Childhood Nutrition Centre, Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, WC1N 1EH, London, UK
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Pearce MS, Basterfield L, Mann KD, Parkinson KN, Adamson AJ, Reilly JJ. Early predictors of objectively measured physical activity and sedentary behaviour in 8-10 year old children: the Gateshead Millennium Study. PLoS One 2012; 7:e37975. [PMID: 22745660 PMCID: PMC3380043 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With a number of studies suggesting associations between early life influences and later chronic disease risk, it is suggested that associations between early growth and later physical activity (PA) may be a mediator. However, conflicting evidence exists for association between birth weight and childhood PA. In addition, it is important to know what other, potentially modifiable, factors may influence PA in children given its' association with childhood and later adiposity. We used the Gateshead Millennium Study (GMS) to identify predictors of childhood PA levels. METHODS The GMS is a cohort of 1029 infants born in 1999-2000 in Gateshead in northern England. Throughout infancy and early childhood, detailed information was collected. Assessments at age 9 years included body composition, objective measures of habitual PA and a range of lifestyle factors. Mean total volumes of PA (accelerometer count per minute, cpm) and moderate-vigorous intensity PA (MVPA), and the percentage of time spent in sedentary behaviour (%SB) were quantified and related to potential predictors using linear regression and path analysis. RESULTS Children aged 8-10 years were included. Significant differences were seen in all three outcome variables between sexes and season of measurement (p<0.001). Restricting children's access to television was associated with decreased MVPA. Increased paternal age was associated with significant increases in %SB (p = 0.02), but not MVPA or total PA. Increased time spent in out of school sports clubs was significantly associated with decreased %SB (p = 0.02). No significant associations were seen with birth weight. CONCLUSION A range of factors, directly or indirectly, influenced PA and sedentary behaviour. However, associations differed between the different constructs of PA and %SB. Exploring further the sex differences in PA would appear to be useful, as would encouraging children to join out of school sports clubs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S Pearce
- Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
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Shearer DM, Thomson WM, Caspi A, Moffitt TE, Broadbent JM, Poulton R. Family history and oral health: findings from the Dunedin Study. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2012; 40:105-15. [PMID: 22022823 PMCID: PMC3270204 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0528.2011.00641.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The effects of the oral health status of one generation on that of the next within families are unclear. OBJECTIVES To determine whether parental oral health history is a risk factor for oral disease. METHODS Oral examination and interview data were collected during the age-32 assessments in the Dunedin Study. Parental data were also collected on this occasion. The sample was divided into two familial-risk groups for caries/tooth loss (high risk and low risk) based on parents' self-reported history of tooth loss at the age-32 assessment interview. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Probands' dental caries and tooth loss status at age 32, together with lifelong dental caries trajectory (age 5-32). RESULTS Caries/tooth loss risk analysis was conducted for 640 proband-parent groups. Reference groups were the low-familial-risk groups. After controlling for confounding factors (sex, episodic use of dental services, socio-economic status and plaque trajectory), the prevalence ratio (PR) for having lost 1+ teeth by age 32 for the high-familial-risk group was 1.41 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.05, 1.88] and the rate ratio for DMFS at age 32 was 1.41 (95% CI 1.24, 1.60). In the high-familial-risk group, the PR of following a high caries trajectory was 2.05 (95% CI 1.37, 3.06). Associations were strongest when information was available about both parents' oral health. Nonetheless, when information was available for one parent only, associations were significant for some outcomes. CONCLUSIONS People with poor oral health tend to have parents with poor oral health. Family/parental history of oral health is a valid representation of the intricacies of the shared genetic and environmental factors that contribute to an individual's oral health status. Associations are strongest when data from both parents can be obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dara M Shearer
- Department of Oral Sciences, School of Dentistry, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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Wiles NJ, Haase AM, Lawlor DA, Ness A, Lewis G. Physical activity and depression in adolescents: cross-sectional findings from the ALSPAC cohort. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2012; 47:1023-33. [PMID: 21826444 PMCID: PMC3382270 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-011-0422-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Accepted: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Few studies have examined the association between physical activity (PA), measured objectively, and adolescent depressive symptoms. The aim of this study was to determine whether there is an association between objective measures of PA (total PA and time spent in moderate and vigorous PA (MVPA)) and adolescent depressive symptoms. METHODS Data on 2,951 adolescents participating in ALSPAC were used. Depressive symptoms were measured using the self-report Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (MFQ) (short version). Measures of PA were based on accelerometry. The association between PA and MFQ scores was modelled using ordinal regression. RESULTS Adolescents who were more physically active (total PA or minutes of MVPA) had a reduced odds of depressive symptoms [OR(adj) total PA (tertiles): medium 0.82 (95% CI: 0.69, 0.97); high 0.69 (95% CI: 0.57, 0.83)]; OR(adj) per 15 min MVPA: 0.92 (95% CI: 0.86, 0.98). In a multivariable model including both total PA and the percentage of time spent in MVPA, total PA was associated with depressive symptoms (OR(adj) total PA (tertiles): medium 0.82 (95% CI: 0.70, 0.98); high 0.70 (95% CI: 0.58, 0.85) but the percentage of time spent in MVPA was not independently associated with depressive symptoms [OR(adj) MVPA (tertiles) medium 1.05 (95% CI: 0.88, 1.24), high 0.91 (95% CI: 0.77, 1.09)]. CONCLUSIONS The total amount of PA undertaken was associated with adolescent depressive symptoms, but the amount of time spent in MVPA, once total PA was accounted for, was not. If confirmed in longitudinal studies and randomised controlled trials, this would have important implications for public health messages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola J. Wiles
- Academic Unit of Psychiatry, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN UK
| | - Anne M. Haase
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health, School of Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Debbie A. Lawlor
- MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Andy Ness
- School of Oral and Dental Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Glyn Lewis
- Academic Unit of Psychiatry, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN UK
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Hallal PC, Reichert FF, Ekelund U, Dumith SC, Menezes AM, Victora CG, Wells J. Bidirectional cross-sectional and prospective associations between physical activity and body composition in adolescence: birth cohort study. J Sports Sci 2011; 30:183-90. [PMID: 22141438 PMCID: PMC3413903 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2011.631570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the cross-sectional and prospective associations between physical activity and body composition in adolescence. This is a prospective study, including 4,103 adolescents belonging to the Pelotas (Brazil) 1993 birth cohort, who were followed up at the mean ages of 11.3 and 14.7 years. Subsample analyses included 511 individuals with accelerometry and deuterium dilution data at 13.3 years. Sum of skinfolds at age 11.3 years was highly correlated with skinfolds at age 14.7 years (rho = 0.74, P < 0.001). More than 85% of participants remained in the same quintile or changed by not more than one quintile during the 3.4 year period. Tracking of physical activity was considerably lower, although still significant; the correlation was 0.24 (P < 0.001) and 61.4% of the adolescents moved one or less quintiles. In fully-adjusted models, no significant cross-sectional or longitudinal associations were found between physical activity and body composition, neither in boys nor in girls. These null results were confirmed in the 511 individuals with accelerometry and deuterium data. We provide evidence of tracking of physical activity and particularly body composition during adolescence. Our results do not support the hypothesis that physical activity and fatness are strongly related in adolescents.
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Kipping R, Jago R, Lawlor D. Developing parent involvement in a school-based child obesity prevention intervention: a qualitative study and process evaluation. J Public Health (Oxf) 2011; 34:236-44. [DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdr076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Fletcher JR, Esau SP, Holash RJ, MacIntosh BR. Feasiblity of the two-hour marathon is a burning issue. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2011; 110:286; discussion 294. [PMID: 21542156 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01259.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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King AC, Parkinson KN, Adamson AJ, Murray L, Besson H, Reilly JJ, Basterfield L. Correlates of objectively measured physical activity and sedentary behaviour in English children. Eur J Public Health 2011; 21:424-31. [PMID: 20650946 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckq104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence on the correlates of objectively measured physical activity and sedentary behaviour in childhood is limited. This study aimed to identify correlates of physical activity and sedentary behaviour among 7-year-old children in England. METHODS Physical activity was measured using Actigraph accelerometry in 480 participants as part of the Gateshead Millennium Study during 2006-07. Twenty-two potential correlates across five domains (demographic and biological; psychological, cognitive and emotional; behavioural; social and cultural; physical environmental) were tested for associations with total volume of habitual physical activity, moderate-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary behaviour. Multiple linear regression analysis was used. RESULTS Seven correlates, including four that are potentially modifiable, were significantly associated with total physical activity, MVPA and sedentary behaviour in final models: gender, child weight status, maternal age, child interest in active play, active commuting to school, parenting practice and season. Four of these variables were significantly associated with all three constructs in final models. The final models explained 18, 18 and 24% of variance in total volume of physical activity, MVPA and sedentary behaviour, respectively. CONCLUSION A number of potentially modifiable factors are associated with increased physical activity and/or reduced sedentary behaviour in English children. These could be valuable targets of future interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela C King
- University of Glasgow Medical Faculty, Division of Developmental Medicine, Glasgow, Scotland
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