1
|
Brady R, Brown WJ, Hillsdon M, Mielke GI. Patterns of Accelerometer-Measured Physical Activity and Health Outcomes in Adults: A Systematic Review. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2022; 54:1155-1166. [PMID: 35220369 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature on accelerometer-measured physical activity and health outcomes in adults. METHODS Eight electronic databases were searched for relevant articles published up to March 2021. Only population-based studies of adults (age ≥18 yr) that directly compared two or more categories of physical activity (i.e., bout duration, intensity, and daily/weekly frequency) with a health outcome (e.g., mortality, cardiometabolic, healthy aging, depression, sleep, and brain structure) were included. RESULTS Of the 15,923 publications retrieved, 52 articles were included. Twenty-eight studies directly compared the associations between physical activity accumulated in different bout durations, 31 studies directly compared the associations between physical activity accumulated in different intensities, and 9 studies directly compared the associations between the effects of varying daily and weekly frequencies of physical activity, with health outcomes. Most showed no differences in relationships with health outcomes when physical activity was accumulated in short (<10-min) or long (≥10-min) bouts. Overall, there were no differences in the relationships with most health outcomes when different intensities and daily/weekly frequencies were compared. However, in most studies, researchers did not adjust their analyses for total volume of physical activity. Moreover, variations in researcher-driven decisions about data collection and processing methods made it difficult to compare study findings. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that physical activity accumulated in many patterns of bout duration, intensity, or daily/weekly frequency is associated with a range of beneficial health outcomes in adults. Lack of adjustment for total volume of physical activity in most studies and inconsistent methods for defining components of physical activity prevent firm conclusions about which specific patterns of bout duration, intensity, and daily/weekly frequency are most important for health benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Wendy J Brown
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, AUSTRALIA
| | - Melvyn Hillsdon
- Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Devon, UNITED KINGDOM
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pasanen S, Halonen JI, Pulakka A, Kestens Y, Thierry B, Brondeel R, Pentti J, Vahtera J, Leskinen T, Stenholm S. Contexts of sedentary time and physical activity among ageing workers and recent retirees: cross-sectional GPS and accelerometer study. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e042600. [PMID: 34006539 PMCID: PMC8149443 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We examined sedentary time and physical activity in different contexts among ageing workers, between their workdays and days off, and recent retirees, between their weekdays and weekend days. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Finnish Retirement and Aging study and Enhancing physical activity and healthy ageing among recent retirees-Randomised controlled in-home physical activity trial. PARTICIPANTS 137 workers (544 measurement days) and 53 retirees (323 days), who provided data for at least 1 workday/weekday and 1 day off/weekend day. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Physical activity behaviour was measured with a combined Global Positioning System and accelerometer device (SenseDoc V.2.0), providing information on sedentary time, light physical activity and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) by locations (home or non-home) and trips (active travel, ie, speed <20 km/hour and passive travel, ie, speed ≥20 km/hour). RESULTS Workers accumulated more sedentary time and physical activity at non-home locations than at home on workdays, while the opposite was confirmed for days off (p<0.01). Workers accrued more MVPA on days off than on workdays (34 vs 28 min, p<0.05), of which 9 min on workdays and 14 min on days off was accrued during active travel. Retirees' physical activity behaviour did not differ between weekdays and weekend days (p>0.05). Regardless of the day, retirees accumulated 33 min of daily MVPA, of which 14 min was accrued during active travel. CONCLUSIONS Workers accumulated more MVPA on days off than on workdays, and their activity behaviour varied between workdays and days off at different locations. Our results showed that a large proportion of the MVPA was accumulated during travel at slower speeds, which suggests that active travel could be a feasible way to increase MVPA among older adults. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03320746.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanna Pasanen
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Jaana I Halonen
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Pulakka
- Population Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yan Kestens
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, École de Santé Publique de l'Université de Montréal (ESPUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Benoit Thierry
- University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ruben Brondeel
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Jaana Pentti
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jussi Vahtera
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Tuija Leskinen
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Sari Stenholm
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kuula L, Pesonen AK. Heart Rate Variability and Firstbeat Method for Detecting Sleep Stages in Healthy Young Adults: Feasibility Study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2021; 9:e24704. [PMID: 33533726 PMCID: PMC7889416 DOI: 10.2196/24704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Polysomnography (PSG) is considered the only reliable way to distinguish between different sleep stages. Wearable devices provide objective markers of sleep; however, these devices often rely only on accelerometer data, which do not enable reliable sleep stage detection. The alteration between sleep stages correlates with changes in physiological measures such as heart rate variability (HRV). Utilizing HRV measures may thus increase accuracy in wearable algorithms. Objective We examined the validity of the Firstbeat sleep analysis method, which is based on HRV and accelerometer measurements. The Firstbeat method was compared against PSG in a sample of healthy adults. Our aim was to evaluate how well Firstbeat distinguishes sleep stages, and which stages are most accurately detected with this method. Methods Twenty healthy adults (mean age 24.5 years, SD 3.5, range 20-37 years; 50% women) wore a Firstbeat Bodyguard 2 measurement device and a Geneactiv actigraph, along with taking ambulatory SomnoMedics PSG measurements for two consecutive nights, resulting in 40 nights of sleep comparisons. We compared the measures of sleep onset, wake, combined stage 1 and stage 2 (light sleep), stage 3 (slow wave sleep), and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep between Firstbeat and PSG. We calculated the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy from the 30-second epoch-by-epoch data. Results In detecting wake, Firstbeat yielded good specificity (0.77), and excellent sensitivity (0.95) and accuracy (0.93) against PSG. Light sleep was detected with 0.69 specificity, 0.67 sensitivity, and 0.69 accuracy. Slow wave sleep was detected with 0.91 specificity, 0.72 sensitivity, and 0.87 accuracy. REM sleep was detected with 0.92 specificity, 0.60 sensitivity, and 0.84 accuracy. There were two measures that differed significantly between Firstbeat and PSG: Firstbeat underestimated REM sleep (mean 18 minutes, P=.03) and overestimated wake time (mean 14 minutes, P<.001). Conclusions This study supports utilizing HRV alongside an accelerometer as a means for distinguishing sleep from wake and for identifying sleep stages. The Firstbeat method was able to detect light sleep and slow wave sleep with no statistically significant difference to PSG. Firstbeat underestimated REM sleep and overestimated wake time. This study suggests that Firstbeat is a feasible method with sufficient validity to measure nocturnal sleep stage variation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liisa Kuula
- SleepWell Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Marin-Farrona M, Leon-Jimenez M, Garcia-Unanue J, Gallardo L, Crespo-Ruiz C, Crespo-Ruiz B. Transtheoretical Model Is Better Predictor of Physiological Stress than Perceived Stress Scale and Work Ability Index among Office Workers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E4410. [PMID: 32575454 PMCID: PMC7345331 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Physical activity impacts positively on stress and anxiety. Working conditions affect the quality of life by increasing stress levels, which can affect job performance and work absence. The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Work Ability Index (WAI), Transtheoretical Model (TTM), as well as heart rate variability (HRV) have been applied to monitor the state of workers in their job. The aim of this study was to analyze PSS, WAI, and TTM classifications, and to find out how are they linked to physiological stress (HRV). One hundred and thirteen office workers responded to the three questionnaires and their HRV was monitored for at least two full days. Groups were set up according to TTM (Stage 1, Stage 2, Stage 3-4, Stage 5), WAI (weak WAI, medium WAI, good WAI), and PSS (low PSS, medium PSS, high PSS). Results obtained from the test were related to stress values measured by HRV with a Bodyguard2 device. The Stage 5 group from TTM had better HVR and stress levels than the other groups for both women and men (p < 0.05). Participants in the good WAI group and low PSS group had better results than weak WAI and high PSS, but the differences with respect to medium WAI and medium PSS were less clear. Finally, TTM seemed to be the best tool to discriminate physiological stress in office workers with regard to other questionnaires.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Marin-Farrona
- IGOID Research Group, Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Manuel Leon-Jimenez
- IGOID Research Group, Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Jorge Garcia-Unanue
- IGOID Research Group, Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Leonor Gallardo
- IGOID Research Group, Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | | | - Beatriz Crespo-Ruiz
- IGOID Research Group, Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
A Descriptive Analysis of Body Composition Among Forest Firefighters in Spain. J Occup Environ Med 2020; 62:e174-e179. [DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000001842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
6
|
Activity Level and Body Mass Index as Predictors of Physical Workload During Working Career. Saf Health Work 2020; 10:527-530. [PMID: 31890336 PMCID: PMC6933204 DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of inactivity and obesity, along with aging, has implications on work capacity of labor force. This study reports the relationships between activity level and BMI by age with objectively measured physical workload. Data were examined from a sample of 19 481 Finnish employees using an estimate of minute-to-minute oxygen consumption based on R-R interval recordings. The mean estimated %VO2max during the working day was 12.1 (±3.6) and 15.1 (±4.5)% for men and women, respectively. Based on a linear model, the mean %VO2max increased by 1.5%-unit per 10-year increase in age, by 2.1%-unit per 5 kg/m2 increase in BMI, and decreased by 1.6%-unit if improving physical activity class by two (p < 0.001 for all). Overweight and obesity, together with inactivity, notably increases workload throughout the career, even though at young adulthood, the daily workload is almost the same for each person regardless of the BMI, activity level, or gender. This study highlights the importance of regular physical activity and normal weight in protecting the worker from excessive physical (cardiovascular) workload during the whole working career.
Collapse
|
7
|
Dębska M, Polechoński J, Mynarski A, Polechoński P. Enjoyment and Intensity of Physical Activity in Immersive Virtual Reality Performed on Innovative Training Devices in Compliance with Recommendations for Health. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E3673. [PMID: 31574911 PMCID: PMC6801661 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16193673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study is to assess the enjoyment and intensity of physical exercise while practicing physical activity (PA) in immersive virtual reality (IVR) using innovative training devices (omni-directional Omni treadmill and Icaros Pro flight simulator). The study also contains the results of subjective research on the usefulness of such a form of PA in the opinion of users. In total, 61 adults (10 women and 51 men) took part in the study. To assess the enjoyment level (EL) Interest/Enjoyment subscale of Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI) was used. Exercise intensity was assessed during 10-min sessions of active video games (AVGs) in IVR based on heart rate (HR). The average enjoyment level during physical exercise in IVR on the tested training devices was high (Omni 5.74 points, Icaros 5.60 points on a 1-7 Likert scale) and differed significantly in favor of PA on Omni. In the opinion of the majority of participants, AVGs in IVR on the tested devices constitute a sufficiently useful form of PA to meet the needs of leisure time activities, and they can even replace some forms of physical effort performed in a classic way. The intensity of PA during games on training devices was at the level recommended for health benefits for 80.55% (Omni) and 50.77% (Icaros Pro) of its duration. Based on the conducted research, it can be assumed that AVGs in IVR using a multi-directional treadmill and a flight simulator can be an effective tool for increasing participation in health-oriented PA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Dębska
- Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, 43-512 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Jacek Polechoński
- Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, 43-512 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Arkadiusz Mynarski
- Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, 43-512 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Piotr Polechoński
- Faculty of Physiotherapy, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, 43-512 Katowice, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Audrey S, Fisher H, Cooper A, Gaunt D, Metcalfe C, Garfield K, Hollingworth W, Procter S, Gabe-Walters M, Rodgers S, Gillison F, Davis A, Insall P. A workplace-based intervention to increase levels of daily physical activity: the Travel to Work cluster RCT. PUBLIC HEALTH RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.3310/phr07110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background
There may be opportunities for working adults to accumulate recommended physical activity levels (≥ 150 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity in bouts of ≥ 10 minutes throughout the week) during the commute to work. Systematic reviews of interventions to increase active transport indicate that studies are predominantly of poor quality, rely on self-report and lack robust statistical analyses.
Objectives
To assess the effectiveness, cost and consequences of a behavioural intervention to increase walking during the commute to work.
Design
A multicentre, parallel-arm, cluster randomised controlled trial incorporating economic and process evaluations. Physical activity outcomes were measured using accelerometers and GPS (Global Positioning System) receivers at baseline and the 12-month follow-up.
Setting
Workplaces in seven urban areas in south-west England and south Wales.
Participants
Employees (n = 654) in 87 workplaces.
Interventions
Workplace-based Walk to Work promoters were trained to implement a 10-week intervention incorporating key behaviour change techniques.
Main outcome measures
The primary outcome was the daily number of minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Secondary outcomes included MVPA during the commute, overall levels of physical activity and modal shift (from private car to walking). Cost–consequences analysis included employer, employee and health service costs and consequences. Process outcomes included barriers to, and facilitators of, walking during the daily commute.
Results
There was no evidence of an intervention effect on MVPA at the 12-month follow-up [adjusted difference in means 0.3 minutes, 95% confidence interval (CI) –5.3 to 5.9 minutes]. The intervention cost was on average, £181.97 per workplace and £24.19 per participating employee. In comparison with car users [mean 7.3 minutes, standard deviation (SD) 7.6 minutes], walkers (mean 34.3 minutes, SD 18.6 minutes) and public transport users (mean 25.7 minutes, SD 14.0 minutes) accrued substantially higher levels of daily MVPA during the commute. Participants who walked for ≥ 10 minutes during their commute were more likely to have a shorter commute distance (p < 0.001). No access to a car (p < 0.001) and absence of free workplace car parking (p < 0.01) were independently related to walking to work and using public transport. Higher quality-of-life scores were observed for the intervention group in a repeated-measures analysis (mean 0.018, 95% CI 0.000 to 0.036; scores anchored at 0 indicated ‘no capability’ and scores anchored at 1 indicated ‘full capability’).
Conclusions
Although this research showed that walking to work and using public transport are important contributors to physical activity levels in a working population, the behavioural intervention was insufficient to change travel behaviour. Broader contextual factors, such as length of journey, commuting options and availability of car parking, may influence the effectiveness of behavioural interventions to change travel behaviour. Further analyses of statistical and qualitative data could focus on physical activity and travel mode and the wider determinants of workplace travel behaviour.
Trial registration
Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN15009100.
Funding
This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Public Health Research programme and will be published in full in Public Health Research; Vol. 7, No. 11. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information. Living Streets, a UK charity promoting everyday walking, provided funding for the intervention booklets and free pedometers for distribution to participants in the intervention group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Audrey
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Harriet Fisher
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ashley Cooper
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Daisy Gaunt
- Bristol Randomised Trials Collaboration, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Chris Metcalfe
- Bristol Randomised Trials Collaboration, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Kirsty Garfield
- Bristol Randomised Trials Collaboration, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - William Hollingworth
- Bristol Randomised Trials Collaboration, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Sunita Procter
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Sarah Rodgers
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | | | - Adrian Davis
- Faculty of Business and Law, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Executive Stress Management: Physiological Load of Stress and Recovery in Executives on Workdays. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15122847. [PMID: 30551638 PMCID: PMC6313794 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15122847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Objective: The use of high-performance sports technology to describe the physiological load of stress and the quality of recovery in a population of executives during the workday. Methodology: Heart rate variability values were recorded during 48 h from which the relationship between stress/recovery quality (stress balance) was obtained for three differentiated time slots: work, after work, and night in a workday. Results: We observed a negative stress balance during the 24 h of measurement in the course of a workday, being negative at work and after work, and positive at night. The stress generated or maintained outside working hours correlates significantly with a lower quality of recovery during the 24 h workday. Conclusions: It is necessary to prioritize strategies that help improve stress management in executives through the improvement of tools and strategies that mainly promote greater relaxation outside working hours.
Collapse
|
10
|
Pulakka A, Leskinen T, Koster A, Pentti J, Vahtera J, Stenholm S. Daily physical activity patterns among aging workers: the Finnish Retirement and Aging Study (FIREA). Occup Environ Med 2018; 76:33-39. [PMID: 30352811 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2018-105266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Physical activity is associated with the aging workers' ability to work and predicts working beyond retirement age. To better understand physical activity behaviour in this growing population group, we aimed at characterising 24-hour physical activity patterns among aging workers, and to describe the association between occupational category and total, occupational and leisure-time physical activities. METHODS We included 878 workers (mean age 62.4 years, SD 1.1, 85% women) from the Finnish Retirement and Aging Study, who wore an accelerometer on their non-dominant wrist for 1 week. We plotted mean hourly activity counts per minute (CPM) for working days and days off. We also compared mean daily CPM between genders and occupations between working days and days off, and work and leisure time by using repeated measures analysis of variance. RESULTS Activity patterns were different between genders, occupations and types of the day. Women (2580, 95% CI 2540 to 2620) had higher daily mean CPM than men (2110, 95% CI 2020 to 2000). Women in manual occupations were more active than women in non-manual occupations during working days. The differences among men were in the same direction but less pronounced than among women. We found no differences in activity levels between occupations during days off and leisure time on working days. CONCLUSIONS In aging workers, physical activity differs by gender and occupation during working time, but not during leisure time. As low physical activity is associated with increased risk of early exit from employment, physical activity should be promoted at workplaces, especially among men and people in non-manual occupations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pulakka
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku, and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Tuija Leskinen
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku, and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Annemarie Koster
- Department of Social Medicine, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jaana Pentti
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku, and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jussi Vahtera
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku, and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Sari Stenholm
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku, and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Affiliation(s)
- H Sievänen
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
| | - U M Kujala
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Batista Ferrer H, Cooper A, Audrey S. Associations of mode of travel to work with physical activity, and individual, interpersonal, organisational, and environmental characteristics. JOURNAL OF TRANSPORT & HEALTH 2018; 9:45-55. [PMID: 29951354 PMCID: PMC6011385 DOI: 10.1016/j.jth.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Encouraging walking during the daily commute is a potential strategy for increasing physical activity levels. This study aimed: (i) to examine, and compare by travel mode, the objectively measured physical activity of a working adult population, and, (ii) to identify associations between mode of travel to work and a range of individual, interpersonal, organisational and environmental characteristics. METHODS Employees (n=654) recruited from 87 workplaces in geographically distinct areas provided data through accelerometers, Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers, travel diaries and questionnaires. Separate multivariable logistic regression models were developed to examine factors associated with physical activity during the commute and mode of travel to work. RESULTS In comparison to car users (7.3 minutes±Standard Deviation 7.6), walkers (34.3±18.6) and public transport users (25.7±14.0) accrued substantially higher levels of daily moderate to vigorous physical activity during the commute. Combined accelerometer and GPS data showed that participants who walked at least ten minutes during their commute were more likely to have a shorter commute distance (p<0.001), occupy a sedentary job (p<0.01), and be classified as 'underweight or normal weight' (p<0.03). No car access (p<0.001), and absence of free work car parking (p<0.01) were independently related to walking to work and using public transport. Shorter commuting distances were also related to walking to work (p<0.001). Public transport users were more likely to be younger (p=0.04), have more positive environmental perceptions (p=0.01), and less likely to combine their commute with caring responsibilities (p=0.03). CONCLUSIONS This study shows that walking to work and using public transport are important contributors to physical activity levels in a working population. Planning, transport and behavioural interventions to promote walking during the commute should take into account the wider determinants. Reducing availability of free work car parking is one possible strategy to discourage car use.
Collapse
Key Words
- AccGPS, Combined Accelerometer and GPS data
- Active travel
- CI, Confidence Interval
- CPM, Counts per minute
- Commute
- GIS, Geographical Information System
- GPS, Global Positioning System
- MVPA, Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity
- OR, Odds Ratio
- Physical activity
- SD, Standard Deviation
- SNR, Signal to Noise Ratio
- UK, United Kingdom
- Walking
- Workplace policies
- aOR, Adjusted Odds Ratio
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashley Cooper
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, 8 Priory Road, Bristol BS8 1TZ, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Education and Research Centre Level 3, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol BS2 8AE, UK
| | - Suzanne Audrey
- Bristol Medical School: Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, UK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Pietilä J, Helander E, Korhonen I, Myllymäki T, Kujala UM, Lindholm H. Acute Effect of Alcohol Intake on Cardiovascular Autonomic Regulation During the First Hours of Sleep in a Large Real-World Sample of Finnish Employees: Observational Study. JMIR Ment Health 2018; 5:e23. [PMID: 29549064 PMCID: PMC5878366 DOI: 10.2196/mental.9519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep is fundamental for good health, and poor sleep has been associated with negative health outcomes. Alcohol consumption is a universal health behavior associated with poor sleep. In controlled laboratory studies, alcohol intake has been shown to alter physiology and disturb sleep homeostasis and architecture. The association between acute alcohol intake and physiological changes has not yet been studied in noncontrolled real-world settings. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the effects of alcohol intake on the autonomic nervous system (ANS) during sleep in a large noncontrolled sample of Finnish employees. METHODS From a larger cohort, this study included 4098 subjects (55.81%, 2287/4098 females; mean age 45.1 years) who had continuous beat-to-beat R-R interval recordings of good quality for at least 1 day with and for at least 1 day without alcohol intake. The participants underwent continuous beat-to-beat R-R interval recording during their normal everyday life and self-reported their alcohol intake as doses for each day. Heart rate (HR), HR variability (HRV), and HRV-derived indices of physiological state from the first 3 hours of sleep were used as outcomes. Within-subject analyses were conducted in a repeated measures manner by studying the differences in the outcomes between each participant's days with and without alcohol intake. For repeated measures two-way analysis of variance, the participants were divided into three groups: low (≤0.25 g/kg), moderate (>0.25-0.75 g/kg), and high (>0.75 g/kg) intake of pure alcohol. Moreover, linear models studied the differences in outcomes with respect to the amount of alcohol intake and the participant's background parameters (age; gender; body mass index, BMI; physical activity, PA; and baseline sleep HR). RESULTS Alcohol intake was dose-dependently associated with increased sympathetic regulation, decreased parasympathetic regulation, and insufficient recovery. In addition to moderate and high alcohol doses, the intraindividual effects of alcohol intake on the ANS regulation were observed also with low alcohol intake (all P<.001). For example, HRV-derived physiological recovery state decreased on average by 9.3, 24.0, and 39.2 percentage units with low, moderate, and high alcohol intake, respectively. The effects of alcohol in suppressing recovery were similar for both genders and for physically active and sedentary subjects but stronger among young than older subjects and for participants with lower baseline sleep HR than with higher baseline sleep HR. CONCLUSIONS Alcohol intake disturbs cardiovascular relaxation during sleep in a dose-dependent manner in both genders. Regular PA or young age do not protect from these effects of alcohol. In health promotion, wearable HR monitoring and HRV-based analysis of recovery might be used to demonstrate the effects of alcohol on sleep on an individual level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Pietilä
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, BioMediTech Institute, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland
| | - Elina Helander
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, BioMediTech Institute, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ilkka Korhonen
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, BioMediTech Institute, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland.,Firstbeat Technologies, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Tero Myllymäki
- Firstbeat Technologies, Jyväskylä, Finland.,Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Urho M Kujala
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Harri Lindholm
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland.,Nokia Technologies, Espoo, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tikanmäki M, Tammelin T, Kaseva N, Sipola-Leppänen M, Matinolli HM, Hakonen H, Ekelund U, Eriksson JG, Järvelin MR, Vääräsmäki M, Kajantie E. Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in young adults born preterm-The ESTER study. Pediatr Res 2017; 81:550-555. [PMID: 27935902 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2016.262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Young adults born preterm have higher levels of cardio metabolic risk factors and they report less physical activity than their peers born at term. Physical activity provides important cardio metabolic health benefits. We hypothesized that objectively measured physical activity levels are lower and time spent sedentary is higher among preterm-born individuals compared with controls. METHODS We studied unimpaired participants of the ESTER birth cohort study at age 23.3 y (SD: 1.2): 60 born early preterm (<34 wk), 108 late preterm (34-36 wk), and 178 at term (controls). Physical activity and sedentary time were measured by hip-worn accelerometer (ActiGraph). RESULTS As compared with controls' (mean physical activity, 303 counts per minute (cpm; SD 129)), physical activity was similar among adults born early preterm (mean difference = 21 cpm, 95% CI -61, 19) or late preterm (5 cpm, -27, 38). Time spent sedentary was also similar. Adjustments for early life confounders or current mediating characteristics did not change the results. CONCLUSION In contrast to our hypothesis, we found no difference in objectively measured physical activity or time spent sedentary between adults born preterm and at term. The previously reported differences may be limited to physical activity captured by self-report.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marjaana Tikanmäki
- Department of Health, Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu and Helsinki, Finland.,Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tuija Tammelin
- LIKES Research Center for Physical Activity and Health, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Nina Kaseva
- Department of Health, Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu and Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marika Sipola-Leppänen
- Department of Health, Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu and Helsinki, Finland.,Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,PEDEGO Research Unit (Research Unit for Pediatrics, Dermatology, Clinical Genetics, Obstetrics and Gynecology), Medical Research Center Oulu (MRC Oulu), Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Hanna-Maria Matinolli
- Department of Health, Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu and Helsinki, Finland.,Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Harto Hakonen
- LIKES Research Center for Physical Activity and Health, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Ulf Ekelund
- Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Johan G Eriksson
- Department of Health, Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu and Helsinki, Finland.,Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marjo-Riitta Järvelin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment & Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Medicine, Center for Life Course Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Marja Vääräsmäki
- PEDEGO Research Unit (Research Unit for Pediatrics, Dermatology, Clinical Genetics, Obstetrics and Gynecology), Medical Research Center Oulu (MRC Oulu), Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Welfare, Children, Adolescents and Families Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland
| | - Eero Kajantie
- Department of Health, Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu and Helsinki, Finland.,PEDEGO Research Unit (Research Unit for Pediatrics, Dermatology, Clinical Genetics, Obstetrics and Gynecology), Medical Research Center Oulu (MRC Oulu), Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Tarniceriu A, Parak J, Renevey P, Nurmi M, Bertschi M, Delgado-Gonzalo R, Korhonen I. Towards 24/7 continuous heart rate monitoring. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2017; 2016:186-189. [PMID: 28268310 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2016.7590671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Heart rate (HR) and HR variability (HRV) carry rich information about physical activity, mental and physical load, physiological status, and health of an individual. When combined with activity monitoring and personalized physiological modelling, HR/HRV monitoring may be used for monitoring of complex behaviors and impact of behaviors and external factors on the current physiological status of an individual. Optical HR monitoring (OHR) from wrist provides a comfortable and unobtrusive method for HR/HRV monitoring and is better adhered by users than traditional ECG electrodes or chest straps. However, OHR power consumption is significantly higher than that for ECG based methods due to the measurement principle based on optical illumination of the tissue. We developed an algorithmic approach to reduce power consumption of the OHR in 24/7 HR trending. We use continuous activity monitoring and a fast converging frequency domain algorithm to derive a reliable HR estimate in 7.1s (during outdoor sports, in average) to 10.0s (during daily life). The method allows >80% reduction in power consumption in 24/7 OHR monitoring when average HR monitoring is targeted, without significant reduction in tracking accuracy.
Collapse
|
16
|
KUJALA URHOM, PIETILÄ JULIA, MYLLYMÄKI TERO, MUTIKAINEN SARA, FÖHR TIINA, KORHONEN ILKKA, HELANDER ELINA. Physical Activity. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2017; 49:474-481. [DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
17
|
Mundwiler J, Schüpbach U, Dieterle T, Leuppi JD, Schmidt-Trucksäss A, Wolfer DP, Miedinger D, Brighenti-Zogg S. Association of Occupational and Leisure-Time Physical Activity with Aerobic Capacity in a Working Population. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0168683. [PMID: 28045939 PMCID: PMC5207528 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Objective data on the association of maximal aerobic capacity (VO2max) with work related physical activity are sparse. Thus, it is not clear whether occupational physical activity (OPA) contributes to an increase of VO2max. This study examined the association of VO2max with work and non-work related physical activity in a Swiss working population. Methods In this cross-sectional study, a total of 337 healthy and full-time employed adults were recruited. Demographic data, height, weight and BMI were recorded in all subjects. Participants were classified into nine occupational categories (ISCO-88) and merged into three groups with low, moderate, and high OPA. Physical activity was objectively measured by the SenseWear Mini Armband on seven consecutive days (23 hours per day). Participants were regarded as sufficiently active when accumulating ≥30 min of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity per day. VO2max was evaluated using the multistage 20-meter shuttle run test. Results Data of 303 participants were considered for analysis (63% male, age 33 yrs, SD 12). Multiple linear regression analysis (adjusted R2 = 0.69) revealed significant positive associations of VO2max with leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) at vigorous intensity (β = 0.212) and sufficient moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (β = 0.100) on workdays. Female gender (β = -0.622), age (β = -0.264), BMI (β = -0.220), the ratio of maximum to resting heart rate (β = 0.192), occupational group (low vs. high OPA, β = -0.141), and smoking (β = -0.133) were also identified as independent predictors of VO2max. Conclusions The present results suggest that VO2max is positively associated with LTPA, but not with OPA on workdays. This finding emphasizes the need for employees to engage in sufficient high-intensity physical activity in recreation for maintaining or improving VO2max with regard to health benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Mundwiler
- University Clinic of Internal Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Baselland, Liestal, Switzerland
- Department of Sport Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| | - Ulla Schüpbach
- University Clinic of Internal Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Baselland, Liestal, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Dieterle
- University Clinic of Internal Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Baselland, Liestal, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jörg Daniel Leuppi
- University Clinic of Internal Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Baselland, Liestal, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Arno Schmidt-Trucksäss
- Department of Sport Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - David Paul Wolfer
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David Miedinger
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Swiss National Accident Insurance Fund (Suva), Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie Brighenti-Zogg
- University Clinic of Internal Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Baselland, Liestal, Switzerland
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Habitual Physical Activity in Adults Measured by Accelerometer in Compliance with Selected Health Recommendations. CENTRAL EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SPORT SCIENCES AND MEDICINE 2017. [DOI: 10.18276/cej.2017.2-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
|
19
|
Föhr T, Pietilä J, Helander E, Myllymäki T, Lindholm H, Rusko H, Kujala UM. Physical activity, body mass index and heart rate variability-based stress and recovery in 16 275 Finnish employees: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:701. [PMID: 27484470 PMCID: PMC4971625 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3391-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical inactivity, overweight, and work-related stress are major concerns today. Psychological stress causes physiological responses such as reduced heart rate variability (HRV), owing to attenuated parasympathetic and/or increased sympathetic activity in cardiac autonomic control. This study's purpose was to investigate the relationships between physical activity (PA), body mass index (BMI), and HRV-based stress and recovery on workdays, among Finnish employees. METHODS The participants in this cross-sectional study were 16 275 individuals (6863 men and 9412 women; age 18-65 years; BMI 18.5-40.0 kg/m(2)). Assessments of stress, recovery and PA were based on HRV data from beat-to-beat R-R interval recording (mainly over 3 days). The validated HRV-derived variables took into account the dynamics and individuality of HRV. Stress percentage (the proportion of stress reactions, workday and working hours), and stress balance (ratio between recovery and stress reactions, sleep) describe the amount of physiological stress and recovery, respectively. Variables describing the intensity (i.e. magnitude of recognized reactions) of physiological stress and recovery were stress index (workday) and recovery index (sleep), respectively. Moderate to vigorous PA was measured and participants divided into the following groups, based on calculated weekly PA: inactive (0 min), low (0 < 150 min), medium (150-300 min), and high (>300 min). BMI was calculated from self-reported weight and height. Linear models were employed in the main analyses. RESULTS High PA was associated with lower stress percentages (during workdays and working hours) and stress balance. Higher BMI was associated with higher stress index, and lower stress balance and recovery index. These results were similar for men and women (P < 0.001 for all). CONCLUSION Independent of age and sex, high PA was associated with a lower amount of stress on workdays. Additionally, lower BMI was associated with better recovery during sleep, expressed by a greater amount and magnitude of recovery reactions, which suggests that PA in the long term resulting in improved fitness has a positive effect on recovery, even though high PA may disturb recovery during the following night. Obviously, several factors outside of the study could also affect HRV-based stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiina Föhr
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FIN-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Julia Pietilä
- Department of Signal Processing, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 527, FIN-33101 Tampere, Finland
| | - Elina Helander
- Department of Signal Processing, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 527, FIN-33101 Tampere, Finland
| | - Tero Myllymäki
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FIN-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Harri Lindholm
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 40, FIN-00251 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heikki Rusko
- Department of Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FIN-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Urho M. Kujala
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FIN-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Pavel M, Jimison HB, Korhonen I, Gordon CM, Saranummi N. Behavioral Informatics and Computational Modeling in Support of Proactive Health Management and Care. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2015; 62:2763-75. [PMID: 26441408 PMCID: PMC4809752 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2015.2484286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Health-related behaviors are among the most significant determinants of health and quality of life. Improving health behavior is an effective way to enhance health outcomes and mitigate the escalating challenges arising from an increasingly aging population and the proliferation of chronic diseases. Although it has been difficult to obtain lasting improvements in health behaviors on a wide scale, advances at the intersection of technology and behavioral science may provide the tools to address this challenge. In this paper, we describe a vision and an approach to improve health behavior interventions using the tools of behavioral informatics, an emerging transdisciplinary research domain based on system-theoretic principles in combination with behavioral science and information technology. The field of behavioral informatics has the potential to optimize interventions through monitoring, assessing, and modeling behavior in support of providing tailored and timely interventions. We describe the components of a closed-loop system for health interventions. These components range from fine grain sensor characterizations to individual-based models of behavior change. We provide an example of a research health coaching platform that incorporates a closed-loop intervention based on these multiscale models. Using this early prototype, we illustrate how the optimized and personalized methodology and technology can support self-management and remote care. We note that despite the existing examples of research projects and our platform, significant future research is required to convert this vision to full-scale implementations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Misha Pavel
- Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Alakaam AAH, Lemacks JL. Fruit and Vegetable Consumption, Fat Intake, and Physical Activity Participation in Relation to Socio-demographic Factors Among Medically Underserved Adults. AIMS Public Health 2015; 2:402-410. [PMID: 29546116 PMCID: PMC5690241 DOI: 10.3934/publichealth.2015.3.402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fruit and vegetable intake as well as physical activity participation in Mississippi is consistently lower than recommendations. We conducted a cross-sectional study to examine fruit and vegetables consumption, fat intake, and moderate-intensity physical activity participation and how these variables relate to socio-demographic factors among medically underserved adults in south Mississippi. Fruit and vegetable consumption and fat intake along with physical activity participation and socio-demographic characteristics was collected from a sample of 161 (48 male and 113 female) adults in south Mississippi. A majority (81.9%) of participants reported consuming less than five servings of fruits and vegetables per day and 54% reported exercising less than three times a week. Only 14% of participants reported eating a low fat diet. Bivariate correlations revealed no significant relationships between fruit and vegetable consumption and fat intake as well as no significant relationships between fruit and vegetable consumption and gender, ethnicity, income, marital status, or education. However, there were significant correlations between physical activity and fat intake (r = -0.21, p = 0.01), and physical activity with fruit and vegetable consumption (r = 0.16, p = 0.05). Higher physical activity rates were associated with decreased fat intake and increased fruit and vegetable consumption. Physical activity was also higher among men (r = -0.16, p = 0.05) and positively correlated with income level (r = 0.21 p = 0.01). In order to effectively identify or develop strategies to improve health by promoting increased fruit and vegetable intake and physical activity, further research is needed to understand the factors that affect behavior choices regarding nutrition and physical activity in this medically underserved adult population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir A. Hadi Alakaam
- Department of Nutrition and Food Systems, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA
| | - Jennifer L. Lemacks
- Department of Nutrition and Food Systems, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA
| |
Collapse
|