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Jauregui-Zunzunegui S, Rodríguez-Artalejo F, Tellez-Plaza M, García-Esquinas E. Glyphosate exposure, muscular health and functional limitations in middle-aged and older adults. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 251:118547. [PMID: 38452917 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glyphosate is the most widely used herbicide worldwide, both in domestic and industrial settings. Experimental research in animal models has demonstrated changes in muscle physiology and reduced contractile strength associated with glyphosate exposure, while epidemiological studies have shown associations between glyphosate exposure and adverse health outcomes in critical biological systems affecting muscle function. METHODS This study used data from a nationally representative survey of the non-institutionalized U.S. general population (NHANES, n = 2132). Urine glyphosate concentrations were determined by ion chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Hand grip strength (HGS) was measured using a Takei Dynamometer, and relative strength estimated as the ratio between HGS in the dominant hand and the appendicular lean mass (ALM) to body mass index (ALMBMI) ratio. Low HGS and low relative HGS were defined as 1 sex-, age- and race-specific SD below the mean. Physical function limitations were identified as significant difficulty or incapacity in various activities. RESULTS In fully-adjusted models, the Mean Differences (MD) and 95% confidence intervals [95%CI] per doubling increase in glyphosate concentrations were -0.55 [-1.09, -0.01] kg for HGS in the dominant hand, and -0.90 [-1.58. -0.21] kg for HGS/ALMBMI. The Odds Ratios (OR) [95% CI] for low HGS, low relative HGS and functional limitations by glyphosate concentrations were 1.27 [1.03, 1.57] for low HGS; 1.43 [1.05; 1.94] for low relative HGS; 1.33 [1.08, 1.63] for stooping, crouching or kneeling difficulty; 1.17 [0.91, 1.50] for lifting or carrying items weighting up to 10 pounds difficulty; 1.21 [1.01, 1.40] for standing up from armless chair difficulty; and 1.47 [1.05, 2.29] for ascending ten steps without pause difficulty. CONCLUSIONS Glyphosate exposure may be a risk factor for decreased grip strength and increased physical functional limitations. More studies investigating the influence of this and other environmental pollutants on functional aging are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Jauregui-Zunzunegui
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Spain.
| | - Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), Madrid, Spain; IMDEA-Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
| | - María Tellez-Plaza
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Department of Chronic Diseases Epidemiology, National Center of Epidemiology, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Esther García-Esquinas
- CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), Madrid, Spain; Department of Chronic Diseases Epidemiology, National Center of Epidemiology, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.
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Han M, Cao X, Zhang J, Yang X, Zhang Y, Liu Y. Association of Aldosterone, Renin, and Aldosterone to Renin Ratio with Metabolic Profile in Primary Aldosteronism. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2024; 17:2065-2074. [PMID: 38778907 PMCID: PMC11110821 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s457243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to investigate the glycometabolism, fat mass, and lean mass in primary aldosteronism (PA) during disease progression. Patients and Methods Patients diagnosed with PA and healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled. A flash glucose monitoring system (FGMS) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) were used to measure glucose variability and glucose target rate along with fat mass and lean mass. Comparative analysis of FGMS- or DEXA-derived parameters along with correlation analyses between these parameters and PA progression were performed. Results Increased glucose variability and poor glucose target rate, along with an increased proportion of truncal fat mass, and decreased proportion of appendicular lean mass, were identified in PA group compared to those in HCs. Plasma aldosterone concentration was positively correlated with glucose variability and poor glucose target rate. Plasma renin concentration was positively correlated with the proportion of truncal fat mass and lean mass, and negatively correlated with the proportion of appendicular fat mass. Aldosterone-to-renin ratio was negatively correlated with the proportion of truncal fat mass and lean mass, and positively correlated with the proportion of appendicular fat mass. Conclusion Patients with PA presented significant differences in glycometabolism, fat mass, and lean mass compared with HCs, and these alterations correlated with PA progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minmin Han
- Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030000, People’s Republic of China
- First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Cao
- Department of Urology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030000, People’s Republic of China
- First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xifeng Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030000, People’s Republic of China
- First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030000, People’s Republic of China
- Medicinal Basic Research Innovation Center of Chronic Kidney Disease, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunfeng Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030000, People’s Republic of China
- First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030000, People’s Republic of China
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Haidar A, Srikanthan P, Watson K, Allison M, Kronmal R, Horwich T. Associations Between Visceral Fat, Abdominal Muscle, and Coronary Artery Calcification: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Am J Cardiol 2024; 217:77-85. [PMID: 38432335 PMCID: PMC11005919 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2024.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The associations of body composition components, including muscle and adipose tissue, and markers of subclinical coronary artery disease are unclear. We examined the relation between abdominal computed tomography (CT)-derived measures of the area and density of fat and muscle with coronary artery calcification (CAC), using data from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). A total of 1,974 randomly selected MESA participants free of coronary heart disease underwent abdominal CT scans at examinations 2 or 3, with the resulting images interrogated for abdominal body composition. Using 6 cross-sectional slices spanning L2 to L5, the Medical Imaging Processing Analysis and Visualization software was used to determine abdominal muscle and fat composition using appropriate Hounsfield units ranges. CT chest scans were used to obtain CAC scores, calculated using the Agatston method and spatially weighted calcium score. Multivariable linear and logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the relation between abdominal visceral fat and muscle area and density to prevalent CAC. A total of 1,089 participants had a CAC >0, with an average CAC score of 310. In the fully adjusted model, for every 10-cm2 increase in visceral fat area, the likelihood of having a CAC greater than 0 increased by 0.60% (p <0.001). In the minimally adjusted model, abdominal muscle area was significantly associated with CAC >0, which became nonsignificant in the fully adjusted model. For the density of visceral fat, every 1-Hounsfield unit increase (less lipid-dense fat tissue), the likelihood of having a CAC score >0 decreased by 0.29% (p <0.05). No significant relation was observed between density of abdominal muscle and CAC >0. A greater area and higher lipid density of abdominal visceral fat were associated with an increased likelihood of having CAC, whereas there was no significant relation between abdominal muscle area or density and CAC. The quantity and the quality of fat have associations, with an important marker of subclinical atherosclerosis, CAC, and their significance with respect to cardiovascular outcomes, require further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amier Haidar
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Preethi Srikanthan
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Karol Watson
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Matthew Allison
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Richard Kronmal
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Tamara Horwich
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California.
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Dao E, Barha CK, Zou J, Wei N, Liu-Ambrose T. Prevention of Vascular Contributions to Cognitive Impairment and Dementia: The Role of Physical Activity and Exercise. Stroke 2024; 55:812-821. [PMID: 38410973 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.123.044173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia, specifically cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), are the second most common cause of dementia. Currently, there are no specific pharmacological treatments for CSVD, and the use of conventional antidementia drugs is not recommended. Exercise has the potential to prevent and mitigate CSVD-related brain damage and improve cognitive function. Mechanistic pathways underlying the neurocognitive benefits of exercise include the control of vascular risk factors, improving endothelial function, and upregulating exerkines. Notably, the therapeutic efficacy of exercise may vary by exercise type (ie, aerobic versus resistance training) and biological sex; thus, studies designed specifically to examine these moderating factors within a CSVD context are needed. Furthermore, future research should prioritize resistance training interventions, given their tremendous therapeutic potential. Addressing these knowledge gaps will help us refine exercise recommendations to maximize their therapeutic impact in the prevention and mitigation of CSVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Dao
- Department of Radiology (E.D.)
- Department of Physical Therapy, Aging, Mobility, and Cognitive Health Laboratory (E.D., J.Z., N.W., T.L.-A.), Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (E.D., J.Z., N.W., T.L.-A.)
| | - Cindy K Barha
- Faculty of Kinesiology (C.K.B.), University of Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute (C.K.B.), University of Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jammy Zou
- Department of Physical Therapy (J.Z., N.W., T.L.-A.)
- Department of Physical Therapy, Aging, Mobility, and Cognitive Health Laboratory (E.D., J.Z., N.W., T.L.-A.), Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (E.D., J.Z., N.W., T.L.-A.)
- Centre for Aging SMART at Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, BC, Canada (J.Z., N.W., T.L.-A.)
| | - Nathan Wei
- Department of Physical Therapy (J.Z., N.W., T.L.-A.)
- Department of Physical Therapy, Aging, Mobility, and Cognitive Health Laboratory (E.D., J.Z., N.W., T.L.-A.), Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (E.D., J.Z., N.W., T.L.-A.)
- Centre for Aging SMART at Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, BC, Canada (J.Z., N.W., T.L.-A.)
| | - Teresa Liu-Ambrose
- Department of Physical Therapy (J.Z., N.W., T.L.-A.)
- Department of Physical Therapy, Aging, Mobility, and Cognitive Health Laboratory (E.D., J.Z., N.W., T.L.-A.), Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (E.D., J.Z., N.W., T.L.-A.)
- Centre for Aging SMART at Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, BC, Canada (J.Z., N.W., T.L.-A.)
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Kim D, Kim HJ, Song TJ. Association of body composition indices with cardiovascular outcomes: a nationwide cohort study. Am J Clin Nutr 2024; 119:876-884. [PMID: 38408726 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies regarding BMI (kg/m2) and associated cardiovascular outcomes yield inconsistent results. OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate the association between body composition and cardiovascular outcomes according to BMI categories in the Korean general population. METHODS A total of 2,604,401 participants were enrolled in this nationwide cohort study using the National Health Insurance Service-Health Checkup data set. Predicted lean BMI (pLBMI), body fat mass index (pBFMI), and appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (pASMMI) were calculated using validated anthropometric prediction equations. A multivariable time-dependent Cox regression analysis was conducted to assess the association with cardiovascular outcomes. The results were presented with adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), considering BMI categories (BMI < 18.5, BMI 18.5-24.9, BMI 25-29.9, and BMI ≥ 30). RESULTS Higher pLBMI and pASMMI were correlated with a reduced risk of composite cardiovascular outcomes. For pLBMI, HR was 0.910 (95% CI: 0.908, 0.913, P < 0.001) for males and 0.905 (95% CI: 0.899, 0.910, P < 0.001) for females. For pASMMI, HR was 0.825 (95% CI: 0.820, 0.829, P < 0.001) for males and 0.788 (95% CI: 0.777, 0.800, P < 0.001) for females. Conversely, a higher pBFMI was associated with an increased risk, with HR of 1.082 (95% CI: 1.071, 1.093, P < 0.001) for males and 1.181 (95% CI: 1.170, 1.192, P < 0.001) for females. Subgroup analysis based on BMI categories revealed no significant risk association for pBFMI in the BMI < 18.5 group. In the group with BMI ≥ 30, neither pLBMI nor pASMMI demonstrated a significant risk association. CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight the value of pLBMI, pBFMI, and pASMMI as variables for assessing risk of composite cardiovascular outcomes. The significance of indicators may vary depending on BMI categories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyeop Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Jun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Jin Song
- Department of Neurology, Seoul Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Kirwan R, Mazidi M, Butler T, Perez de Heredia F, Lip GYH, Davies IG. The association of appendicular lean mass and grip strength with low-density lipoprotein, very low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein particle diameter: a Mendelian randomization study of the UK Biobank cohort. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL OPEN 2024; 4:oeae019. [PMID: 38595990 PMCID: PMC11003544 DOI: 10.1093/ehjopen/oeae019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Aims Reduced muscle mass and reduced strength are frequently associated with both alterations in blood lipids and poorer cardiometabolic outcomes in epidemiological studies; however, a causal association cannot be determined from such observations. Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) was applied to assess the association of genetically determined appendicular lean mass (ALM) and handgrip strength (HGS) with serum lipid particle diameter. Methods and results Mendelian randomization was implemented using summary-level data from the largest genome-wide association studies on ALM (n = 450 243), HGS (n = 223 315), and lipoprotein [low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very LDL (VLDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)] particle diameters (n = 115 078). Inverse variance-weighted (IVW) method was used to calculate the causal estimates. Weighted median-based method, MR-Egger, and leave-one-out method were applied as sensitivity analysis. Greater ALM had a statistically significant positive effect on HDL particle diameter (MR-Egger: β = 0.055, SE = 0.031, P = 0.081; IVW: β = 0.068, SE = 0.014, P < 0.001) and a statistically significant negative effect on VLDL particle diameter (MR-Egger: β = -0.114, SE = 0.039, P = 0.003; IVW: β = -0.081, SE = 0.017, P < 0.001). Similarly, greater HGS had a statistically significant positive effect on HDL particle diameter (MR-Egger: β = 0.433, SE = 0.184, P = 0.019; IVW: β = 0.121, SE = 0.052, P = 0.021) and a statistically significant negative effect on VLDL particle diameter (MR-Egger: β = -0.416, SE = 0.163, P = 0.011; IVW: β = -0.122, SE = 0.046, P = 0.009). There was no statistically significant effect of either ALM or HGS on LDL particle diameter. Conclusion There were potentially causal associations between both increasing ALM and HGS and increasing HDL particle size and decreasing VLDL particle size. These causal associations may offer possibilities for interventions aimed at improving cardiovascular disease risk profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Kirwan
- Research Institute of Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science at University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Mohsen Mazidi
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science at University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK
- Clinical Trial Service Unit, Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Dr., Doll Bldg, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Tom Butler
- School of Applied Health and Social Care and Social Work, Faculty of Health, Social Care and Medicine, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK
| | - Fatima Perez de Heredia
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Gregory Y H Lip
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science at University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK
- Danish Center for Clinical Health Services Research, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Ian G Davies
- Research Institute of Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science at University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK
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Kim D, Lee J, Park R, Oh C, Moon S. Association of low muscle mass and obesity with increased all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in US adults. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2024; 15:240-254. [PMID: 38111085 PMCID: PMC10834318 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenic obesity, defined as the coexistence of low muscle mass and high adiposity, is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality. However, to what extent sarcopenia contributes to these risks independently or in conjunction with other cardiovascular risk factors remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association of low muscle mass, central obesity (COB), metabolic abnormalities, and their combinations with CVD and mortality risk. METHODS This cross-sectional analysis used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2006 and 2011-2018. Participants aged >20 years and with reported whole-body dual X-ray absorptiometry data were included. Participants were divided into eight groups based on low muscle mass, metabolic abnormalities, and COB status. RESULTS The mean age of participants was 55 years, and 50.4% of participants were male. Low muscle mass was observed in 2472 (14.6%) out of 16 839 participants. Among the eight groups, the metabolically unhealthy COB group with low muscle mass had the highest hazard ratio (HR) for all-cause mortality (HR, 2.00; 95% CI, 1.56-2.56; P < 0.001), whereas the metabolically healthy COB group with low muscle mass had the highest HR for CVD mortality (HR, 3.18; 95% CI, 1.53-6.65; P = 0.001). The mediation analysis showed that low muscle mass directly increased the risk of both all-cause mortality (HR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.35-1.79; P < 0.001) and CVD mortality (HR, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.40-2.31; P < 0.001). Additionally, subgroup analysis revealed that low muscle mass significantly increased the risk of all-cause and CVD mortality in participants without a prior CVD history and those with diabetes mellitus. CONCLUSIONS Low muscle mass is an independent risk factor for all-cause and CVD mortality, especially in individuals with metabolic abnormalities and COB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghyun Kim
- Department of CardiologyChonbuk National University HospitalJeonjuKorea
| | - Junghoon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart HospitalHallym University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Raekil Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and EngineeringGwangju Institute of Science and TechnologyGwangjuKorea
| | - Chang‐Myung Oh
- Department of Biomedical Science and EngineeringGwangju Institute of Science and TechnologyGwangjuKorea
| | - Shinje Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart HospitalHallym University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
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Ukai T, Yokoyama K, Watanabe M. Preoperative Body Composition Correlates with Postoperative Muscle Volume and Degeneration after Total Hip Arthroplasty. Nutrients 2024; 16:386. [PMID: 38337672 PMCID: PMC10857396 DOI: 10.3390/nu16030386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Impaired muscle recovery after total hip arthroplasty (THA) may affect gait and activities of daily living. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) can assess body composition and muscle volume, and computed tomography (CT) can assess muscle volume and the fatty degeneration of muscle. This study aimed to explore the effectiveness of BIA, and the correlation between preoperative body composition and postoperative muscle volume and degeneration after THA using BIA and CT. Thirty-eight patients who underwent THA and had BIA and CT performed pre- and postoperatively were retrospectively assessed. The BIA-derived measurements of preoperative body composition (fat mass index, fat-free mass index, and phase angle) were correlated with the CT-derived measurements (pre- and postoperative muscle volume and gluteus maximus and quadriceps Hounsfield Units of the affected hip). The preoperative fat mass index negatively correlated with the postoperative muscle volume of the gluteus maximus (p = 0.02) and quadriceps (p < 0.001) and the Hounsfield Units of the gluteus maximus (p = 0.03) and quadriceps (p = 0.03). The preoperative fat-free mass index positively correlated with the postoperative muscle volume of the quadriceps (p = 0.02). The preoperative phase angle positively correlated with the postoperative muscle volume of the quadriceps (p = 0.001) and the Hounsfield Units of the gluteus maximus (p = 0.03) and quadriceps (p = 0.001). In patients who underwent THA, preoperative body composition correlated with postoperative muscle volume and the fatty degeneration of the affected lower limb. Preoperative body composition may help predict postoperative muscle volume and fatty degeneration and thus, postoperative recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taku Ukai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surgical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara 259-1193, Japan
| | - Katsuya Yokoyama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine Oiso Hospital, 21-1 Gekkyo, Oiso 259-0198, Japan
| | - Masahiko Watanabe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surgical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara 259-1193, Japan
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Viken AF, Siiak SP, Schlünssen V, Thorarinsdottir EH, Skulstad SM, Gyawali S, Bertelsen RJ, Real FG. Muscle Strength and Male Sexual Function. J Clin Med 2024; 13:426. [PMID: 38256560 PMCID: PMC10816204 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13020426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Sexual dysfunction, in particular erectile dysfunction, is a common complaint among aging men. Obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and smoking are shown to be independent risk factors for erectile dysfunction, while cardiorespiratory fitness is shown to be protective. Less is known about the role of muscle strength in male sexual function. Our objective was to study the association between male sexual function and typical cardiovascular risk factors, together with exercise and muscle strength. We included data from the fourth wave of the RHINE study. Data on anthropometrics, exercise habits, diseases, muscle strength, and sexual function were collected using questionnaires, including the Aging Males' Symptoms (AMS) scale. We used multivariable logistic regression analysis to measure the association between sexual function and body mass index (BMI), age, smoking, diabetes, hypertension, exercise and muscle strength status. We included 2116 men aged 48-75 from four Nordic-Baltic countries. BMI, age, smoking, diabetes, and hypertension were found to be associated with higher odds of reporting decreased sexual function, while reporting intact muscle strength was associated with lower odds. In a large Nordic-Baltic male study population, we show that known cardiovascular risk factors are associated with decreased sexual function, while reporting intact muscle strength is associated with lower odds of reporting decreased sexual function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Flataker Viken
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (R.J.B.); (F.G.R.)
| | | | - Vivi Schlünssen
- Research Unit for Environment, Occupation and Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark;
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Svein Magne Skulstad
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway (S.G.)
| | - Sanjay Gyawali
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway (S.G.)
| | | | - Francisco Gómez Real
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (R.J.B.); (F.G.R.)
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
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Oyama S, Duckham RL, Pomer A, Rivara AC, Kershaw EE, Wood A, Fidow UT, Naseri T, Reupena MS, Viali S, McGarvey ST, Hawley NL. Association between age at menarche and cardiometabolic risk among Samoan adults. Am J Hum Biol 2024; 36:e23982. [PMID: 37668413 PMCID: PMC10845161 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recent studies suggest that early menarche may increase cardiometabolic morbidity and mortality. Yet few studies have examined this association in the Pacific Islands, where obesity prevalence is among the highest globally. We sought to examine associations between age at menarche and cardiometabolic risk in Samoa. METHODS Participants were from the Soifua Manuia study (n = 285, age 32-72 years) conducted in Samoa from 2017 to 2019. Logistic regressions were conducted to estimate odds of obesity, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and metabolic syndrome per one-year increase in age at menarche. Linear regressions were conducted to examine associations between age at menarche and continuous measures of adiposity, blood pressure, insulin resistance, and serum lipids. RESULTS Median age at menarche was 14 years (IQR = 2). After controlling for relevant covariates, each one-year increase in age at menarche was associated with a 15% decrease (OR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.72-1.01, p = .067) in odds of hypertension, but a 21% increase (OR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.01-1.45, p = .044) in odds of diabetes and 18% increase (OR = 1.18, 95% CI: 0.98-1.42, p = .081) in odds of high total cholesterol. Each additional year in age at menarche was associated with a 1.60 ± 0.52 kg (p = .002) decrease in lean mass and 1.56 ± 0.51 kg (p = .003) decrease in fat-free mass. CONCLUSIONS Associations between age at menarche and cardiometabolic risk may be population-specific and are likely influenced by both current and historical nutritional and epidemiological contexts. Prospective studies are needed to clarify the role of childhood adiposity and other early life exposures on age at menarche and subsequent cardiometabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakurako Oyama
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Rachel L Duckham
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Sciences, Department of Medicine, Western Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alysa Pomer
- Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anna C Rivara
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Erin E Kershaw
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ashlee Wood
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ulai T Fidow
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Tupua Tamasese Meaole Hospital, Apia, Samoa
| | | | | | | | - Stephen T McGarvey
- International Health Institute, Department of Epidemiology, Department of Anthropology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Nicola L Hawley
- Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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11
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Sayed RKA, Hibbert JE, Jorgenson KW, Hornberger TA. The Structural Adaptations That Mediate Disuse-Induced Atrophy of Skeletal Muscle. Cells 2023; 12:2811. [PMID: 38132132 PMCID: PMC10741885 DOI: 10.3390/cells12242811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of skeletal muscle mass plays a fundamental role in health and issues associated with quality of life. Mechanical signals are one of the most potent regulators of muscle mass, with a decrease in mechanical loading leading to a decrease in muscle mass. This concept has been supported by a plethora of human- and animal-based studies over the past 100 years and has resulted in the commonly used term of 'disuse atrophy'. These same studies have also provided a great deal of insight into the structural adaptations that mediate disuse-induced atrophy. For instance, disuse results in radial atrophy of fascicles, and this is driven, at least in part, by radial atrophy of the muscle fibers. However, the ultrastructural adaptations that mediate these changes remain far from defined. Indeed, even the most basic questions, such as whether the radial atrophy of muscle fibers is driven by the radial atrophy of myofibrils and/or myofibril hypoplasia, have yet to be answered. In this review, we thoroughly summarize what is known about the macroscopic, microscopic, and ultrastructural adaptations that mediated disuse-induced atrophy and highlight some of the major gaps in knowledge that need to be filled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramy K. A. Sayed
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (R.K.A.S.); (J.E.H.); (K.W.J.)
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
| | - Jamie E. Hibbert
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (R.K.A.S.); (J.E.H.); (K.W.J.)
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Kent W. Jorgenson
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (R.K.A.S.); (J.E.H.); (K.W.J.)
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Troy A. Hornberger
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (R.K.A.S.); (J.E.H.); (K.W.J.)
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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12
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Chong HW, Son J, Chae C, Jae C. The relationship between skeletal muscle mass and the KOSHA cardiovascular risk in obese male workers. Ann Occup Environ Med 2023; 35:e40. [PMID: 38029272 PMCID: PMC10654537 DOI: 10.35371/aoem.2023.35.e40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Efforts for the prevention and management of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in workers have been actively pursued. Obesity is one of the important risk factors related to CVDs. Obesity has various metabolic characteristics, and some individuals can be metabolically healthy. Body composition including skeletal muscle mass is known to have protective effect in obesity. The study aims to investigate the association between skeletal muscle mass and Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency (KOSHA) CVD risk among obese male manufacturing workers in Korea and to identify appropriate indicators of skeletal muscle mass for predicting risk of CVDs. Methods The study was conducted on 2,007 obese male workers at a manufacturing industry aged more than 19 years. Skeletal muscle mass, skeletal muscle index (SMI), skeletal muscle mass percent (SMM%) and skeletal muscle to body fat ratio (MFR) were used to evaluate body composition and these indicators were divided into quartiles. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the KOSHA CVD risk groups according to quartiles of skeletal muscle mass indicators were estimated using ordinal logistic regression analysis. Results The OR for the KOSHA CVD risk groups in the highest quartile of SMI was 1.67 (95% CI: 1.42-1.92), while the ORs for the KOSHA CVD risk groups in the highest quartiles of SMM%, SMM/body mass index (BMI), and MFR were 0.47 (95% CI: 0.22-0.72), 0.51 (95% CI: 0.05-0.76), and 0.48 (95% CI: 0.23-0.74), respectively. Conclusions We found that high SMI increase the likelihood of high risk of CVDs, while high SMM%, SMM/BMI, and MFR lower the likelihood of high risk of CVDs. Accurate evaluation of skeletal muscle mass can help assess the cardiovascular risk in obese male workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Won Chong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
| | - JunSeok Son
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
| | - Changho Chae
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
| | - Changho Jae
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
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13
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Derella CC, Thomas J, Harris RA. Women Have Greater Endothelin-B Receptor Function and Lower Mitochondrial Capacity Compared to Men With Type 1 Diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:2561-2568. [PMID: 37009678 PMCID: PMC10686691 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Type 1 diabetes (T1D) negatively affects both the endothelin system and muscle oxidative capacity. The endothelin pathway is a critical regulator of microcirculatory function and may exhibit sexual dichotomy by which healthy premenopausal women have greater endothelin-B receptor (ETBR) function compared to men. Moreover, T1D may differentially alter muscle oxidative capacity in men and women; however, whether ETBR function is impaired in women compared to men with T1D and its relationship with muscle oxidative capacity has yet to be explored. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this investigation was to determine if ETBR-mediated dilation is impaired in women compared to men with T1D and if this is related to their skeletal muscle oxidative capacity. METHODS Men (n = 9; glycated hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c] = 7.8 ± 1.0%) and women (N = 10 women; HbA1c = 8.4 ± 1.3%) with uncomplicated T1D were recruited for this investigation. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and intradermal microdialysis (750 nM BQ-123 + ET-1 [10-20-10-8 mol/L]) were used to evaluate skeletal muscle oxidative capacity and assess ETBR-mediated vasodilation, respectively. RESULTS Skeletal muscle oxidative capacity was significantly lower (P = .031) in women compared with men with T1D. However, ETBR-mediated dilation induced a significantly greater (P = .012) vasodilatory response in women compared to men with T1D, and the area under the curve was negatively associated with skeletal muscle oxidative capacity (r = -.620; P = .042). CONCLUSION Compared to men with uncomplicated T1D, muscle oxidative capacity was lower and ETBR-mediated vasodilation was higher in women with uncomplicated T1D. ETBR-induced vasodilatory capacity was inversely related to skeletal muscle oxidative capacity, suggesting there may be compensatory mechanisms occurring to preserve microvascular blood flow in women with T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra C Derella
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Jeffery Thomas
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Ryan A Harris
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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14
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Zhou R, Chen H, Lin Y, Li F, Zhong Q, Huang Y, Wu X. Total and Regional Fat/Muscle Mass Ratio and Risks of Incident Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e030101. [PMID: 37642038 PMCID: PMC10547339 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.030101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Background To evaluate the sex-specific associations of total and regional fat/muscle mass ratio (FMR) with cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence and mortality, and to explore the underlying mechanisms driven by cardiometabolites and inflammatory cells. We compared the predictive value of FMRs to body mass index. Methods and Results This population-based, prospective cohort study included 468 885 UK Biobank participants free of CVD at baseline. Fat mass and muscle mass were estimated using a bioelectrical impedance assessment device. FMR was calculated as fat mass divided by muscle mass in corresponding body parts (total body, trunk, arm, and leg). Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models and mediation analyses were used. During 12.5 years of follow-up, we documented 49 936 CVD cases and 4158 CVD deaths. Higher total FMR was associated with an increased risk of incident CVD (hazard ratios [HRs] were 1.63 and 1.83 for men and women, respectively), ischemic heart disease (men: HR, 1.61; women: HR, 1.81), myocardial infarction (men: HR, 1.72; women: HR, 1.49), and congestive heart failure (men: HR, 2.25; women: HR, 2.57). The positive associations of FMRs with mortality from total CVD or its subtypes were significant mainly in trunk and arm for male patients (P for trend <0.05). We also identified 8 cardiometabolites and 5 inflammatory cells that partially mediated FMR-CVD associations. FMRs were modestly better at discriminating cardiovascular mortality risk. Conclusions Higher total and regional FMRs were associated with an increased risk of CVD and mortality, partly mediated through cardiometabolites and inflammatory cells. Early monitoring of FMR should be considered to alleviate CVD risk. FMRs were superior to body mass index in predicting CVD mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research)Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Hao‐Wen Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research)Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yang Lin
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Chaoyang District of BeijingBeijingChina
| | - Fu‐Rong Li
- School of MedicineSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenChina
| | - Qi Zhong
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research)Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yi‐Ning Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research)Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xian‐Bo Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research)Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
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15
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Kubat GB, Bouhamida E, Ulger O, Turkel I, Pedriali G, Ramaccini D, Ekinci O, Ozerklig B, Atalay O, Patergnani S, Nur Sahin B, Morciano G, Tuncer M, Tremoli E, Pinton P. Mitochondrial dysfunction and skeletal muscle atrophy: Causes, mechanisms, and treatment strategies. Mitochondrion 2023; 72:33-58. [PMID: 37451353 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2023.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle, which accounts for approximately 40% of total body weight, is one of the most dynamic and plastic tissues in the human body and plays a vital role in movement, posture and force production. More than just a component of the locomotor system, skeletal muscle functions as an endocrine organ capable of producing and secreting hundreds of bioactive molecules. Therefore, maintaining healthy skeletal muscles is crucial for supporting overall body health. Various pathological conditions, such as prolonged immobilization, cachexia, aging, drug-induced toxicity, and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), can disrupt the balance between muscle protein synthesis and degradation, leading to skeletal muscle atrophy. Mitochondrial dysfunction is a major contributing mechanism to skeletal muscle atrophy, as it plays crucial roles in various biological processes, including energy production, metabolic flexibility, maintenance of redox homeostasis, and regulation of apoptosis. In this review, we critically examine recent knowledge regarding the causes of muscle atrophy (disuse, cachexia, aging, etc.) and its contribution to CVDs. Additionally, we highlight the mitochondrial signaling pathways involvement to skeletal muscle atrophy, such as the ubiquitin-proteasome system, autophagy and mitophagy, mitochondrial fission-fusion, and mitochondrial biogenesis. Furthermore, we discuss current strategies, including exercise, mitochondria-targeted antioxidants, in vivo transfection of PGC-1α, and the potential use of mitochondrial transplantation as a possible therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokhan Burcin Kubat
- Department of Mitochondria and Cellular Research, Gulhane Health Sciences Institute, University of Health Sciences, 06010 Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Esmaa Bouhamida
- Translational Research Center, Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, Italy
| | - Oner Ulger
- Department of Mitochondria and Cellular Research, Gulhane Health Sciences Institute, University of Health Sciences, 06010 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Turkel
- Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gaia Pedriali
- Translational Research Center, Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, Italy
| | - Daniela Ramaccini
- Translational Research Center, Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, Italy
| | - Ozgur Ekinci
- Department of Pathology, Gazi University, 06500 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Berkay Ozerklig
- Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ozbeyen Atalay
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, 06230 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Simone Patergnani
- Translational Research Center, Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, Italy; Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Beyza Nur Sahin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, 06230 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Giampaolo Morciano
- Translational Research Center, Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, Italy; Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Meltem Tuncer
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, 06230 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Elena Tremoli
- Translational Research Center, Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Translational Research Center, Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, Italy; Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
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Hanada M, Tanaka T, Kozu R, Ishimatsu Y, Sakamoto N, Orchanian-Cheff A, Rozenberg D, Reid WD. The interplay of physical and cognitive function in rehabilitation of interstitial lung disease patients: a narrative review. J Thorac Dis 2023; 15:4503-4521. [PMID: 37691666 PMCID: PMC10482628 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-23-209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objective Interstitial lung disease (ILD) encompasses several diverse pulmonary pathologies that result in abnormal diffuse parenchymal changes. When prescribing rehabilitation, several additional factors need to be considered as a result of aging, polypharmacy, and comorbidities manifested in ILD patients. This review aims to discuss issues related to frailty, skeletal muscle and cognitive function that limit physical activities in ILD patients. It will also highlight exercise training and propose complementary strategies for pulmonary rehabilitation. Methods A literature search was performed in MEDLINE, CINAHL (inception to October 19th, 2022) using search terms based on concepts of: idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis or interstitial lung disease; frailty; muscular atrophy; skeletal muscle dysfunction; cognitive dysfunction; sleep quality; sleep disorders; anxiety disorders; or depressive disorders. After eligible texts were screened, additional references were included from references cited in the screened articles. Key Content and Findings Frailty and skeletal muscle dysfunction are common in ILD. Weight loss, exhaustion, and anti-fibrotic medications can impact frailty, whereas physical inactivity, aging, corticosteroids and hypoxemia can contribute to sarcopenia (loss of muscle mass and function). Frailty is associated with worse clinical status, exercise intolerance, skeletal muscle dysfunction, and decreased quality of life in ILD. Sarcopenia appears to influence wellbeing and can potentially affect overall physical conditioning, cognitive function and the progression of ILD. Optimal assessment tools and effective strategies to prevent and counter frailty and sarcopenia need to be determined in ILD patients. Even though cognitive impairment is evident in ILD, its prevalence and underlying neurobiological model of contributing factors (i.e., inflammation, disease severity, cardiopulmonary status) requires further investigation. How ILD affects cognitive interference, motor control and consequently physical daily activities is not well defined. Strategies such as pulmonary rehabilitation, which primarily focuses on strength and aerobic conditioning have demonstrated improvements in ILD patient outcomes. Future incorporation of interval training and the integration of motor learning could improve transfer of rehabilitation strategies to daily activities. Conclusions Numerous underlying etiologies of ILD contribute to frailty, skeletal muscle and cognitive function, but their respective neurobiologic mechanisms require further investigation. Exercise training increases physical measures, but complementary approaches may improve their applicability to improve daily activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Hanada
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Physical Therapy Science, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takako Tanaka
- Department of Physical Therapy Science, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Ryo Kozu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Physical Therapy Science, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yuji Ishimatsu
- Department of Nursing, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Noriho Sakamoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Ani Orchanian-Cheff
- Library and Information Services, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Dmitry Rozenberg
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Respirology, Ajmera Transplant Program, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - W. Darlene Reid
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- KITE, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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17
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Xu Y, Hu T, Shen Y, Wang Y, Bao Y, Ma X. Contribution of low skeletal muscle mass in predicting cardiovascular events: A prospective cohort study. Eur J Intern Med 2023; 114:113-119. [PMID: 37164887 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2023.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to explore the association between skeletal muscle mass and cardiovascular events, and its additional value on the assessment of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) over traditional risk scores. METHODS The study included 1365 community-based participants aged over 50 years and free of CVDs at baseline. Participants completed detailed assessments at baseline and received a follow-up assessment in 2021-2022 via phone calls or electronic medical records. Skeletal muscle mass was measured using an automatic bioelectric analyzer. Predicted probabilities of 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk were estimated individually with the China-PAR equation. RESULTS After a mean follow-up of 7.6 years, 144 cardiovascular events were identified. The fully-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of cardiovascular events were 0.93 (0.88-0.98) and 1.08 (1.04-1.12) for skeletal muscle mass and predicted 10-year risk, respectively. Among participants over 60 years and with two or more risk factors, cardiovascular events risk increased progressively with each decreasing skeletal muscle tertile. Receiver operating characteristic curves showed that the C-statistic of predicting cardiovascular events for a 10-year risk assessment was slightly increased after adding skeletal muscle mass. The categorical net reclassification improvement (NRI) showed a 56.7% increase in the reclassification. The continuous NRI and integrated discrimination improvement increased as well. CONCLUSION Participants with low skeletal muscle mass were more likely to have cardiovascular events. Low muscle mass improved the predictive power of CVD incidence over the original risk score, indicating that muscle mass could be a valuable parameter and a declining value needed early detection in the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes; Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease; Shanghai Diabetes Institute; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Tingting Hu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes; Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease; Shanghai Diabetes Institute; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yun Shen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes; Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease; Shanghai Diabetes Institute; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yufei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes; Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease; Shanghai Diabetes Institute; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yuqian Bao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes; Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease; Shanghai Diabetes Institute; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Xiaojing Ma
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes; Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease; Shanghai Diabetes Institute; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai 200233, China.
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18
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Sixtus RP, Gray C, Berry MJ, Dyson RM. Preterm-born individuals: a vulnerable population at risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality during thermal extremes? Exp Physiol 2023; 108:1011-1025. [PMID: 37084061 PMCID: PMC10988436 DOI: 10.1113/ep091152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the topic of this review? Thermal extremes disproportionately affect populations with cardiovascular conditions. Preterm birth, across all gestational age ranges below 37 weeks, has been identified as a non-modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The hypothesis is presented that individuals born preterm are at an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality during thermal extremes. What advances does it highlight? Cardiovascular stress tests performed in preterm-born populations, from infancy through adulthood, highlight a progression of cardiovascular dysfunction accelerating through adolescence and adulthood. This dysfunction has many similarities with populations known to be at risk in thermal extremes. ABSTRACT Preterm-born individuals are a uniquely vulnerable population. Preterm exposure to the extrauterine environment and the (mal)adaptations that occur during the transitional period can result in alterations to their macro- and micro-physiological state. The physiological adaptations that increase survival in the short term may place those born preterm on a trajectory of lifelong dysfunction and later-life decompensation. Cardiovascular compensation in children and adolescents, which masks this trajectory of dysfunction, is overcome under stress, such that the functional cardiovascular capacity is reduced and recovery impaired following physiological stress. This has implications for their response to thermal stress. As the Anthropocene introduces greater changes in our environment, thermal extremes will impact vulnerable populations as yet unidentified in the climate change context. Here, we present the hypothesis that individuals born preterm are a vulnerable population at an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality during thermal extremes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Phillip Sixtus
- Department of Paediatrics and Child HealthUniversity of OtagoWellingtonNew Zealand
| | - Clint Gray
- Department of Paediatrics and Child HealthUniversity of OtagoWellingtonNew Zealand
| | - Mary Judith Berry
- Department of Paediatrics and Child HealthUniversity of OtagoWellingtonNew Zealand
| | - Rebecca Maree Dyson
- Department of Paediatrics and Child HealthUniversity of OtagoWellingtonNew Zealand
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Oguntade AS, Islam N, Malouf R, Taylor H, Jin D, Lewington S, Lacey B. Body Composition and Risk of Incident Heart Failure in 1 Million Adults: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e029062. [PMID: 37345755 PMCID: PMC10356078 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.029062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Background The aim of this systematic review was to quantify the associations between body composition measures and risk of incident heart failure (HF) and its subtypes in the general population. Methods and Results We searched Medline, Embase, and Global Health databases from each database inception to January 19, 2023 for prospective studies reporting on body composition and HF risk. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to assess the risk of bias of included studies. Fixed-effects models were used for meta-analysis. Thirty-five studies were included (ntotal=1 137 044; ncases=34 422). Summary relative risk (RR) per 5-kg/m2 higher body mass index was 1.42 (95% CI, 1.40-1.42; 𝜁2=0.02, I2=94.4%), 1.28 (95% CI, 1.26-1.31; 𝜁2=0.01, I2=75.8%) per 10-cm higher waist circumference, and 1.33 (95% CI, 1.28-1.37; 𝜁2=0.04, I2=94.9%) per 0.1-unit higher waist-hip ratio. Pooled estimates of the few studies that reported on regional fat suggested significant positive association between HF risk and both visceral fat (RR, 1.08 [95% CI, 1.04-1.12]) and pericardial fat (RR, 1.08 [95% CI, 1.06-1.10]). Among HF subtypes, associations were stronger for HF with preserved ejection fraction than HF with reduced ejection fraction. No study reported on lean mass. Conclusions Pooled data suggested strong associations between adiposity and HF. The association with adiposity is stronger for HF with preserved ejection fraction than HF with reduced ejection fraction, indicating that different mechanisms may be at play in etiopathogenesis of HF subtypes. Future studies are needed to investigate role of regional fat mass and lean mass in HF risk. Registration Information REGISTRATION: URL: www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/. Unique identifier: CRD42020224584.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayodipupo S. Oguntade
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health (NDPH)University of OxfordUK
| | - Nazrul Islam
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health (NDPH)University of OxfordUK
- School of Primary Care, Population Sciences and Medical Education, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonUK
| | - Reem Malouf
- National Perinatal Epidemiological Unit, Nuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of OxfordUK
| | - Hannah Taylor
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health (NDPH)University of OxfordUK
| | - Danyao Jin
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health (NDPH)University of OxfordUK
| | - Sarah Lewington
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health (NDPH)University of OxfordUK
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, NDPHUniversity of OxfordUK
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaKuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - Ben Lacey
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health (NDPH)University of OxfordUK
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Damigou E, Kouvari M, Panagiotakos D. The role of skeletal muscle mass on cardiovascular disease risk: an emerging role on modulating lipid profile. Curr Opin Cardiol 2023; 38:352-357. [PMID: 36928171 DOI: 10.1097/hco.0000000000001047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review was to present updated evidence on the role of skeletal muscle mass on cardiometabolic health. RECENT FINDINGS Increased lean, and especially skeletal, muscle mass has been associated with better cardiometabolic health in various epidemiological studies, even in younger age groups. In addition, the link between skeletal muscle mass and adult lipid profile is of interest. A preliminary analysis using the data from the ATTICA prospective cohort study (2002-2022) supports this association. SUMMARY Skeletal muscle mass has many metabolic functions (i.e., glucose, insulin and protein metabolism, mitochondrial function, arterial stiffness, inflammation, oxidative stress, brain function, hormone status). Given its associations with the lipid profile and overall cardiometabolic risk, skeletal muscle mass stands among the emerging risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. In addition to only using body mass index or fat distribution, more studies should evaluate lean mass and its prognostic and predictive ability regarding chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Damigou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
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21
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Hanada M, Ishimatsu Y, Sakamoto N, Akiyama Y, Kido T, Ishimoto H, Oikawa M, Nagura H, Takeuchi R, Sato S, Takahata H, Mukae H, Kozu R. Urinary titin N-fragment as a predictor of decreased skeletal muscle mass in patients with interstitial lung diseases. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9723. [PMID: 37322176 PMCID: PMC10272142 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36827-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the validity of urinary N-terminal titin fragment/creatinine (urinary N-titin/Cr) reflecting muscle damage biomarker in patients with interstitial lung disease. This retrospective study enrolled patients with interstitial lung disease. We measured urinary N-titin/Cr. Furthermore, we measured the cross-sectional areas of the pectoralis muscles above the aortic arch (PMCSA) and erector spinae muscles of the 12th thoracic vertebra muscles (ESMCSA) to assess muscle mass until 1 year. We examined the correlation between urinary N-titin/Cr and the change in muscle mass. We plotted receiver operating characteristic curves to estimate the cut-off points for urinary N-titin/Cr for distinguishing the greater-than-median and smaller-than-median reduction of muscle mass after 1 year. We enrolled 68 patients with interstitial lung disease. The median urinary N-titin/Cr value was 7.0 pmol/mg/dL. We observed significant negative correlations between urinary N-titin/Cr and changes in the PMCSA after 1 year (p < 0.001) and changes in the ESMCSA after 6 months (p < 0.001) and 1 year (p < 0.001). The cut-off points for urinary N-titin/Cr were 5.2 pmol/mg/dL and 10.4 pmol/mg/dL in the PMCSA and ESMCSA, respectively. In summary, urinary N-titin/Cr may predict muscle loss in the long-term and act as a clinically useful biomarker reflecting muscle damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Hanada
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Physical Therapy Science, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yuji Ishimatsu
- Department of Nursing, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8520, Japan.
| | - Noriho Sakamoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Akiyama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takashi Kido
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ishimoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Masato Oikawa
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Physical Therapy Science, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nagura
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Physical Therapy Science, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Rina Takeuchi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shuntaro Sato
- Clinical Research Center, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hideaki Takahata
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mukae
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Ryo Kozu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Physical Therapy Science, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
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22
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Green ES, Williams ER, Feito Y, Jenkins NT. Physiological and Anthropometric Differences Among Endurance, Strength, and High-Intensity Functional Training Participants: A Cross-Sectional Study. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2023; 94:131-142. [PMID: 35302436 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2021.1947468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: We compared aerobic capacity (V˙O2max), mitochondrial capacity (mV˙O2), anaerobic power, strength, and muscle endurance in healthy, active men from strength (STR), endurance (END) and high-intensity functional training (HIFT) backgrounds. Methods: Twenty-four men (n = 8/group) completed a cycle ergometer test to determine V˙O2max, followed by a 3-min all-out test to determine peak (PP) and end power (EP), and to estimate anaerobic [work done above EP (WEP)] and aerobic work capacity. Strength was determined by knee extensor maximal voluntary contraction at various flexion angles. The endurance index (EI) of the vastus lateralis (VL) was assessed by measuring muscle contraction acceleration during electrical twitch mechanomyography. mV˙O2max of the VL was assessed using near-infrared spectroscopy to estimate muscle oxygen consumption during transient femoral artery occlusions. Results: V˙O2max was significantly different among groups (p < .05). PP was significantly higher in HIFT and STR versus END (p < .05). EP was significantly higher in HIFT and END compared to STR (p < .05). WEP was significantly higher in STR compared to END (p < .05), whereas total work done was significantly higher in HIFT and END compared to STR (p < .05). mV˙O2max and EI were comparable between HIFT and END but significantly lower in STR versus END (p < .05). Torque production was significantly lower in END compared to STR and HIFT at all flexion angles (p < .05), with no difference between STR and HIFT. Conclusion: HIFT participants can exert similar power outputs and absolute strength compared to strength focused participants but exhibit fatigue resistance and mitochondrial capacity comparable to those who train for endurance.
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23
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Nwayyir HA, Mutasher EM, Alabid OM, Jabbar MA, Abdulraheem Al-Kawaz WH, Alidrisi HA, Alabbood M, Chabek M, AlZubaidi M, Al-Khazrajy LA, Abd Alhaleem IS, Al-Hilfi ADA, Ali FM, AlBayati A, Al Saffar HB, Khazaal FAK. Recommendations for the prevention and management of obesity in the Iraqi population. Postgrad Med 2023:1-15. [PMID: 36803631 DOI: 10.1080/00325481.2023.2172914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic metabolic disease that has become one of the leading causes of disability and death in the world, affecting not only adults but also children and adolescents. In Iraq, one third of the adult population is overweight and another third obese. Clinical diagnosis is accomplished by measuring body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (a marker for intra-visceral fat and higher metabolic and cardiovascular disease risk). A complex interaction between behavioral, social (rapid urbanization), environmental and genetic factors underlies the etiology of the disease. Treatment options for obesity may include a multicomponent approach, involving dietary changes to reduce calorie intake, an increase in physical activity, behavioral modification, pharmacotherapy and bariatric surgery. The purpose for these recommendations is to develop a management plan and standards of care that are relevant to the Iraqi population and that can prevent/manage obesity and obesity-related complications, for the promotion of a healthy community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Ali Nwayyir
- University of Basra, College of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, Faiha Specialized Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolism Centre, Iraq
| | - Esraa Majid Mutasher
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Children Welfare Teaching Hospital, Medical City Complex, Iraq
| | | | | | | | | | - Majid Alabbood
- Department of Endocrinology, Almawani Hospital, Basra, Iraq
| | - Muhammed Chabek
- Consultant Obstetrics and Gynecology, Private Practice, Iraq
| | - Munib AlZubaidi
- Department of paediatrics, University of Baghdad College of Medicine, Iraq
| | - Lujain Anwar Al-Khazrajy
- Department of Family medicine, Consultant Family Physician, Al-Kindy College of Medicine, University of Baghdad, Iraq
| | | | | | | | - Ali AlBayati
- Department of Endocrinology Consultant Endocrinology, Professor of medicine, Babylon medical college, Iraq
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24
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Bernabe-Ortiz A, Carrillo-Larco RM, Gilman RH, Smeeth L, Checkley W, Miranda JJ. Skeletal muscle mass and all-cause mortality: Findings from the CRONICAS cohort study. Trop Med Int Health 2023; 28:107-115. [PMID: 36573344 PMCID: PMC9945657 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed (1) to evaluate the agreement between two methods (equation and bio-impedance analysis [BIA]) to estimate skeletal muscle mass (SMM), and (2) to assess if SMM was associated with all-cause mortality risk in individuals across different geographical sites in Peru. METHODS We used data from the CRONICAS Cohort Study (2010-2018), a population-based longitudinal study in Peru to assess cardiopulmonary risk factors from different geographical settings. SMM was computed as a function of weight, height, sex and age (Lee equation) and by BIA. All-cause mortality was retrieved from national vital records. Cox proportional-hazard models were developed and results presented as hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). RESULTS At baseline, 3216 subjects, 51.5% women, mean age 55.7 years, were analysed. The mean SMM was 23.1 kg (standard deviation [SD]: 6.0) by Lee equation, and 22.7 (SD: 5.6) by BIA. Correlation between SMM estimations was strong (Pearson's ρ coefficient = 0.89, p < 0.001); whereas Bland-Altman analysis showed a small mean difference. Mean follow-up was 7.0 (SD: 1.0) years, and there were 172 deaths. In the multivariable model, each additional kg in SMM was associated with a 19% reduction in mortality risk (HR = 0.81; 95% CI: 0.75-0.88) using the Lee equation, but such estimate was not significant when using BIA (HR = 0.98; 95% CI: 0.94-1.03). Compared to the lowest tertile, subjects at the highest SMM tertile had a 56% reduction in risk of mortality using the Lee equation, but there was no such association when using BIA estimations. CONCLUSION There is a strong correlation and agreement between SMM estimates obtained by the Lee equation and BIA. However, an association between SMM and all-cause mortality exists only when the Lee equation is used. Our findings call for appropriate use of approaches to estimate SMM, and there should be a focus on muscle mass in promoting healthier ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz
- CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Rodrigo M. Carrillo-Larco
- CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Robert H. Gilman
- CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
| | - Liam Smeeth
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK
| | - William Checkley
- CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
| | - J. Jaime Miranda
- CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
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25
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Ångström L, Hörnberg K, Sundström B, Södergren A. Rheumatoid cachexia in early rheumatoid arthritis: prevalence and associated variables. Scand J Rheumatol 2023; 52:10-16. [PMID: 34643160 DOI: 10.1080/03009742.2021.1973678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rheumatoid cachexia (RC) is prevalent among patients with established rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Although changes in muscle mass and fat mass have been reported in early RA, these findings have not been classified according to existing RC definitions. This study aimed to describe the prevalence of RC and associated variables in patients with early RA. METHOD This cross-sectional study included 87 patients. Body composition was evaluated with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry after a median disease duration of 15 months. RC was defined as a fat-free mass index < 10th percentile and fat mass index > 25th percentile. We also assessed the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein, Disease Activity Score in 28 joints, aerobic capacity, physical activity, traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors, functional disability, and sociodemographic data. Associations between RC and the independent variables were determined with logistic regression analyses. RESULTS The prevalence of RC was 24%. RC was significantly associated [odds ratio (95% confidence interval)] with aerobic capacity [0.28 (0.09-0.89), p = 0.030], low-intensity physical activity [0.77 (0.60-0.99), p = 0.048], body mass index [0.78 (0.70-0.92), p = 0.002], waist circumference [0.96 (0.92-0.99), p = 0.023], body weight [0.94 (0.90-0.98), p = 0.004], and ESR at the time of diagnosis [1.02 (1.00-1.05), p = 0.033]. All of these associations remained significant after adjusting for age and gender. CONCLUSION RC was highly prevalent in early RA. Patient outcome may be improved by detecting this condition early and applying treatments for improving inflammation, aerobic capacity, physical activity, and body composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ångström
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine/Rheumatology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - K Hörnberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine/Rheumatology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - B Sundström
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine/Rheumatology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - A Södergren
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine/Rheumatology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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26
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Han XD, Li YJ, Wang P, Han XL, Zhao MQ, Wang JF, Li CY, Tian N, Han XJ, Hou TT, Wang YX, Song L, Du YF, Qiu CX. Insulin Resistance-Varying Associations of Adiposity Indices with Cerebral Perfusion in Older Adults: A Population-Based Study. J Nutr Health Aging 2023; 27:219-227. [PMID: 36973931 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-023-1894-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Excessive accumulation of adipose tissue may accelerate brain aging, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Several adiposity indices were proposed to assess obesity, while their linkage with brain health in older adults remained unclear. Here we aimed to examine the associations of adiposity indices with global and regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) in older adults, while considering insulin resistance. DESIGN This was a cross-sectional population-based study that included older adults derived from the baseline participants in the ongoing Multimodal Interventions to Delay Dementia and Disability in rural China (MIND-China) study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS The study included 103 Chinese rural-dwelling older adults (age≥60 years; 69.9% women) who underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging scans. METHODS We estimated eight adiposity indices based on anthropometric measures. We automatically quantified global and regional CBF using the arterial spin labeling scans. Insulin resistance was assessed using the triglyceride-glucose index and then dichotomized into high and low levels according to the median. Data were analyzed using general linear model and voxel-wise analysis. RESULTS Of the eight examined adiposity indices, only higher waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and body roundness index (BRI) were associated with reduced global CBF (multivariable-adjusted β-coefficients and 95%CI: -1.76; -3.25, -0.27 and -1.77; -3.25, -0.30, respectively) and hypoperfusion in bilateral middle temporal gyri, angular gyri and superior temporal gyri, left middle cingulum and precuneus (P<0.05). There were statistical interactions of WHtR and BRI with levels of insulin resistance on CBF, such that the significant associations of higher WHtR and BRI with lower global and regional CBF existed only in people with high insulin resistance (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Higher WHtR and BRI are associated with cerebral hypoperfusion in older adults, especially in people with high insulin resistance. This may highlight the pathological role of visceral fat in vascular brain aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- X D Han
- Prof. Yifeng Du and Dr. Lin Song, Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, No. 324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P. R. China. Tel.: + 86 531 68776354; fax: + 86 531 68776354. E-mail address: (Y. Du), (L. Song)
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27
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Association Between Skeletal Muscle Mass and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Occupational Sedentary Population: A Cross-sectional Study. J Occup Environ Med 2023; 65:e10-e15. [PMID: 36253926 PMCID: PMC9835682 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aims of this study were to determine the association of skeletal muscle mass with three cardiovascular risk factors and explore a simple and clinically feasible indicator for identifying high-risk groups of cardiovascular diseases in occupational sedentary population. METHODS We recruited 7316 occupational sedentary participants older than 18 years from the Health Management Center of Tianjin Union Medical Center. Age-adjusted logistic regression was used to analyze the association between skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) and cardiovascular risk factors. RESULTS There were significant positive associations between SMI, especially arm SMI, and cardiovascular risk factors in both male and female subjects (odds ratio, 1.28 to 5.02; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that measurements of skeletal muscle mass, particularly in the arms, may help identify individuals at high risk for cardiovascular disease in an occupationally sedentary population.
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28
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Dillon HT, Foulkes S, Horne-Okano YA, Kliman D, Dunstan DW, Daly RM, Fraser SF, Avery S, Kingwell BA, La Gerche A, Howden EJ. Rapid cardiovascular aging following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for hematological malignancy. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:926064. [PMID: 36588564 PMCID: PMC9797839 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.926064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) offers a potential cure for high-risk hematological malignancy; however, long-term survivors experience increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. It is unclear how allo-HCT impacts cardiovascular function in the short-term. Thus, this 3-month prospective study sought to evaluate the short-term cardiovascular impact of allo-HCT in hematological cancer patients, compared to an age-matched non-cancer control group. Methods Before and ~3-months following allo-HCT, 17 hematological cancer patients (45 ± 18 years) underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing to quantify peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak)-a measure of integrative cardiovascular function. Then, to determine the degree to which changes in VO2peak are mediated by cardiac vs. non-cardiac factors, participants underwent exercise cardiac MRI (cardiac reserve), resting echocardiography (left-ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF], global longitudinal strain [GLS]), dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (lean [LM] and fat mass [FM]), blood pressure (BP) assessment, hemoglobin sampling, and arteriovenous oxygen difference (a-vO2diff) estimation via the Fick equation. Twelve controls (43 ± 13 years) underwent identical testing at equivalent baseline and 3-month time intervals. Results Significant group-by-time interactions were observed for absolute VO2peak (p = 0.006), bodyweight-indexed VO2peak (p = 0.015), LM (p = 0.001) and cardiac reserve (p = 0.019), which were driven by 26, 24, 6, and 26% reductions in the allo-HCT group (all p ≤ 0.001), respectively, as no significant changes were observed in the age-matched control group. No significant group-by-time interactions were observed for LVEF, GLS, FM, hemoglobin, BP or a-vO2diff, though a-vO2diff declined 12% in allo-HCT (p = 0.028). Conclusion In summary, allo-HCT severely impairs VO2peak, reflecting central and peripheral dysfunction. These results indicate allo-HCT rapidly accelerates cardiovascular aging and reinforces the need for early preventive cardiovascular intervention in this high-risk group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley T. Dillon
- Clinical Research Domain, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,Institute of Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephen Foulkes
- Clinical Research Domain, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,Institute of Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Yuki A. Horne-Okano
- Clinical Research Domain, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David Kliman
- Malignant Haematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Service, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David W. Dunstan
- Clinical Research Domain, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,Institute of Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Robin M. Daly
- Institute of Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Steve F. Fraser
- Institute of Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Sharon Avery
- Malignant Haematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Service, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Bronwyn A. Kingwell
- Clinical Research Domain, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,CSL Ltd, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andre La Gerche
- Clinical Research Domain, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Erin J. Howden
- Clinical Research Domain, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,*Correspondence: Erin J. Howden
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Gaillard F, Ould Rabah M, Garcelon N, Touam M, Neuraz A, Legendre C, Anglicheau D, Prié D, Bienaimé F. Allograft function and muscle mass evolution after kidney transplantation. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:2875-2887. [PMID: 36106518 PMCID: PMC9745471 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advanced chronic kidney disease is associated with muscle wasting, but how glomerular filtration rate (GFR) recovery after kidney transplantation is associated with muscle mass is unknown. METHODS We took advantage of the simultaneous measurement of GFR (using iohexol plasma clearance; ioGFR) and creatinine excretion rate (a surrogate marker of muscle mass; CER) performed 3 months after transplantation and at a later time point at our institution to investigate the interplay between allograft function, muscle mass, and outcome in kidney transplant recipients. RESULTS Between June 2005 and October 2019, 1319 successive kidney transplant recipients (mean age 50.4 ± 14.6; 38.7% female) underwent GFR measurement at our institution 3 months after kidney transplantation. CER (CER3 ) and ioGFR (ioGFR3 ) were 7.7 ± 2.6 μmol/min and 53 ± 17.1 mL/min/1.73 m2 , respectively. Multivariable analysis identified female gender, older donor and recipient age, reduced body mass index, coronary disease, dialysis history, proteinuria, and reduced ioGFR3 as independent predictors of low CER3 (ioGFR3 : β coefficient 0.19 [95% confidence interval 0.14 to 0.24]). A total of 1165 patients had a subsequent CER measurement after a median follow-up of 9.5 months. Of them, 373 (32%) experienced an increase in CER > 10%, while 222 (19%) showed a CER decrease of more than 10%. Multivariable analysis adjusted for CER3 and other confounders identified ioGFR3 as an independent predictor of CER at follow-up (β coefficient 0.11 [95% confidence interval 0.07 to 0.16]). In multivariable Cox analysis, reduced CER at 3 months or at follow-up were consistently associated with mortality (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval] at 3 months: 0.82 [0.74 to 0.91]; at follow-up: 0.79 [0.69 to 0.99]) but not with graft loss. CONCLUSIONS Glomerular filtration rate recovery is a determinant of muscle mass variation after kidney transplantation. Early interventions targeting muscle mass gain may be beneficial for kidney transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Gaillard
- Service de Transplantation, Néphrologie et Immunologie Clinique, Hôpital Edouard Herriot et faculté de médecine, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Mélissa Ould Rabah
- Service de Physiologie, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance-Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,Faculté de médecine, Université de Paris-Cité, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Garcelon
- Université de Paris-Cité, Imagine Institute, Data Science Platform, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France
| | - Malik Touam
- Service de Néphrologie et Transplantation, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance-Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Neuraz
- Service d'Informatique Médical, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance-Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Legendre
- Faculté de médecine, Université de Paris-Cité, Paris, France.,Service de Néphrologie et Transplantation, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance-Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151, Paris, France
| | - Dany Anglicheau
- Faculté de médecine, Université de Paris-Cité, Paris, France.,Service de Néphrologie et Transplantation, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance-Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Prié
- Service de Physiologie, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance-Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,Faculté de médecine, Université de Paris-Cité, Paris, France.,Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151, Paris, France
| | - Frank Bienaimé
- Service de Physiologie, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance-Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,Faculté de médecine, Université de Paris-Cité, Paris, France.,Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151, Paris, France
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30
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Barmpas P, Tasoulis S, Vrahatis AG, Georgakopoulos SV, Anagnostou P, Prina M, Ayuso-Mateos JL, Bickenbach J, Bayes I, Bobak M, Caballero FF, Chatterji S, Egea-Cortés L, García-Esquinas E, Leonardi M, Koskinen S, Koupil I, Paja̧k A, Prince M, Sanderson W, Scherbov S, Tamosiunas A, Galas A, Haro JM, Sanchez-Niubo A, Plagianakos VP, Panagiotakos D. A divisive hierarchical clustering methodology for enhancing the ensemble prediction power in large scale population studies: the ATHLOS project. Health Inf Sci Syst 2022; 10:6. [PMID: 35529251 PMCID: PMC9013733 DOI: 10.1007/s13755-022-00171-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The ATHLOS cohort is composed of several harmonized datasets of international groups related to health and aging. As a result, the Healthy Aging index has been constructed based on a selection of variables from 16 individual studies. In this paper, we consider additional variables found in ATHLOS and investigate their utilization for predicting the Healthy Aging index. For this purpose, motivated by the volume and diversity of the dataset, we focus our attention upon data clustering, where unsupervised learning is utilized to enhance prediction power. Thus we show the predictive utility of exploiting hidden data structures. In addition, we demonstrate that imposed computation bottlenecks can be surpassed when using appropriate hierarchical clustering, within a clustering for ensemble classification scheme, while retaining prediction benefits. We propose a complete methodology that is evaluated against baseline methods and the original concept. The results are very encouraging suggesting further developments in this direction along with applications in tasks with similar characteristics. A straightforward open source implementation for the R project is also provided (https://github.com/Petros-Barmpas/HCEP). Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13755-022-00171-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petros Barmpas
- Department of Computer Science and Biomedical Informatics, University of Thessaly, Lamia, Greece
| | - Sotiris Tasoulis
- Department of Computer Science and Biomedical Informatics, University of Thessaly, Lamia, Greece
| | - Aristidis G. Vrahatis
- Department of Computer Science and Biomedical Informatics, University of Thessaly, Lamia, Greece
| | | | - Panagiotis Anagnostou
- Department of Computer Science and Biomedical Informatics, University of Thessaly, Lamia, Greece
| | - Matthew Prina
- Social Epidemiology Research Group. Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- Global Health Institute, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - José Luis Ayuso-Mateos
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS Princesa), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jerome Bickenbach
- Swiss Paraplegic Research, Guido A. Zäch Institute (GZI), Nottwil, Switzerland
- Department of Health Sciences & Health Policy, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Ivet Bayes
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
- Research, Innovation and Teaching Unit. Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Martin Bobak
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Francisco Félix Caballero
- Department Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Idipaz, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
| | - Somnath Chatterji
- Information, Evidence and Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laia Egea-Cortés
- Research, Innovation and Teaching Unit. Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Esther García-Esquinas
- Department Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Idipaz, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Seppo Koskinen
- National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilona Koupil
- Centre for Health Equity Studies, Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrzej Paja̧k
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Jagienllonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Martin Prince
- Global Health Institute, King’s College London, London, UK
- Centre for Global Mental Health. Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Warren Sanderson
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, World Population Program, Wittgenstein Centre for Demography and Global Human Capital, Laxenburg, Austria
- Department of Economics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY USA
| | - Sergei Scherbov
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, World Population Program, Wittgenstein Centre for Demography and Global Human Capital, Laxenburg, Austria
- Austrian Academy of Science, Vienna Institute of Demography, Vienna, Austria
- Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | | - Aleksander Galas
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Josep Maria Haro
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
- Research, Innovation and Teaching Unit. Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Albert Sanchez-Niubo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
- Research, Innovation and Teaching Unit. Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Vassilis P. Plagianakos
- Department of Computer Science and Biomedical Informatics, University of Thessaly, Lamia, Greece
| | - Demosthenes Panagiotakos
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
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31
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Tuttiett ER, Ioannou E, Wijnhoven HA, Corfe BM, Williams EA. Adaptation and validation of a protein intake screening tool for a UK adult population. J Nutr Sci 2022; 11:e100. [PMID: 36405091 PMCID: PMC9672832 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2022.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Adequate dietary protein intake is important in human subjects for maintaining muscle turnover, determining the protein content of tissues and thus the preservation of muscle mass and function as we age. A screening tool to assess if an older individual is likely to have a lower dietary protein intake (predicted probability of protein intake ≤1⋅0 g/kg per d), has been developed for a Netherlands dietary profile, but this has not been validated in a UK population. This study aimed to adapt and then validate the protein screening tool for use in a UK population. Amendment of the tool was undertaken using data from UK BioBank and the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey to reflect protein sources in the UK diet. Validation of the amended version of the protein screener screening tool was conducted using protein intake derived from a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) in a sample of UK adults (n = 184) (age range 18-91 years) as the reference standard. Using the FFQ, 40 % of respondents (n = 74) reported a protein intake of ≤1⋅0 g per kg body mass. The discriminative accuracy of the amended screener was tested using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The area under the curve for the ROC was 0⋅731 (95 % CI 0⋅657, 0⋅805), indicating that the amended screener may be a valid tool to screen for individuals consuming ≤1⋅0 g/kg adjusted BM/d in an adult UK population. This protein screener tool is a potential method to screen individuals with a likelihood of habitually consuming protein intakes of ≤1⋅0 g/kg per d. Further validation is needed using a more robust dietary intake methodology and for specific groups, such as older adults. The screener may be applicable across healthcare, clinical and research applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esme R. Tuttiett
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The Medical School, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Elysa Ioannou
- Sport and Physical Activity Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S10 2BP, UK
| | - Hanneke A.H. Wijnhoven
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, and Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Bernard M. Corfe
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The Medical School, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Elizabeth A. Williams
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The Medical School, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
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32
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SEE ZH, ABDUL HAMID MS. Physical activity level, sitting time, and skeletal muscle mass between esports players and non-esports players. GAZZETTA MEDICA ITALIANA ARCHIVIO PER LE SCIENZE MEDICHE 2022. [DOI: 10.23736/s0393-3660.21.04671-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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33
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Loh DR, Tan RS, Lim WS, Koh AS. Cardio-sarcopenia: A syndrome of concern in aging. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:1027466. [PMID: 36388892 PMCID: PMC9640679 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1027466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac alterations in structure and function, namely, the left ventricle, have been intensely studied for decades, in association with aging. In recent times, there has been keen interest in describing myocardial changes that accompany skeletal muscle changes in older adults. Initially described as a cardio-sarcopenia syndrome where alterations in myocardial structure were observed particularly among older adults with skeletal muscle sarcopenia, investigations into this syndrome have spurred a fresh level of interest in the cardiac-skeletal muscle axis. The purpose of this perspective is to summarize the background for this "syndrome of concern," review the body of work generated by various human aging cohorts, and to explore future directions and opportunities for understanding this syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- De Rong Loh
- Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ru-San Tan
- Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wee Shiong Lim
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Geriatrics and Active Ageing, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Angela S. Koh
- Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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34
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Kang SH, Lee KH, Chang Y, Choe YS, Kim JP, Jang H, Shin HY, Kim HJ, Koh SB, Na DL, Seo SW, Kang M. Gender-specific relationship between thigh muscle and fat mass and brain amyloid-β positivity. Alzheimers Res Ther 2022; 14:145. [PMID: 36195949 PMCID: PMC9531420 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-022-01086-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship of specific body composition in the thighs and brain amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposition remained unclear, although there were growing evidence that higher muscle and fat mass in thighs had a protective effect against cardiometabolic syndromes. To determine whether muscle mass and fat mass in the thighs affected amyloid-beta (Aβ) positivity differently in relation to gender, we investigated the association of muscle mass and fat mass with Aβ positivity using positron emission tomography (PET) in individuals without dementia. METHODS We recruited 240 participants (134 [55.8%] males, 106 [44.2%] females) without dementia ≥45 years of age who underwent Aβ PET, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scans of the hip in the health promotion center at Samsung Medical Center in Seoul, Korea. Lower extremity skeletal muscle mass index (LASMI) was measured using BIA, and gluteofemoral fat percentage (GFFP) was estimated using DEXA scans of the hip. We investigated the associations of LASMI and GFFP with Aβ positivity using logistic regression analyses after controlling for age, APOE4 genotype, and cognitive stage. RESULTS Higher muscle mass in the thighs, measured as LASMI (odds ratio [OR]=0.27, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.08 to 0.84, p=0.031) was associated with a lesser risk of Aβ positivity in only females. Higher fat mass in the thighs, measured as GFFP (OR=0.84, 95% CI 0.73 to 0.95, p=0.008) was associated with a lesser risk of Aβ positivity in only males. However, the association between LAMSI (p for interaction= 0.810), GFFP (p for interaction= 0.075) and Aβ positivity did not significantly differ by gender. Furthermore, LAMSI only negatively correlated with centiloid (CL) values in females (r=-0.205, p=0.037), and GFFP only negatively correlated with CL values only in males (r=-0.253, p=0.004). CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight the importance of recognizing that gender differences exist with respect to the specific body composition to potentially protect against Aβ deposition. Therefore, our results may help in designing gender-specific strategies for controlling body composition to prevent Aβ deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Hoon Kang
- grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XDepartment of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea ,grid.222754.40000 0001 0840 2678Department of Neurology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung Hyun Lee
- grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XDepartment of Digital Health, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoosoo Chang
- grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XCenter for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yeong Sim Choe
- grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XDepartment of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea ,grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XDepartment of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jun Pyo Kim
- grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XDepartment of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyemin Jang
- grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XDepartment of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hee Young Shin
- grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XCenter for Health Promotion, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hee Jin Kim
- grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XDepartment of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seong-Beom Koh
- grid.222754.40000 0001 0840 2678Department of Neurology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Duk L. Na
- grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XDepartment of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Won Seo
- grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XDepartment of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea ,grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XDepartment of Digital Health, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea ,grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XDepartment of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea ,grid.414964.a0000 0001 0640 5613Alzheimer’s Disease Convergence Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea ,grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XDepartment of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Mira Kang
- grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XDepartment of Digital Health, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea ,grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XCenter for Health Promotion, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea ,grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XDigital Innovation Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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35
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Chen YY, Chen WL, Peng TC, Liaw FY, Chao YP, Kao TW. Relationship between Sarcopenia and Cardiovascular Disease Risk among Taiwanese Older Adults. Public Health Nutr 2022; 25:1-21. [PMID: 35318907 PMCID: PMC9991747 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980022000684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increasing evidence supports sarcopenia as an important parameter for predicting cardiometabolic risks. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance, and cardiovascular risk among older community-dwelling adults. DESIGN The associations between dynapenia, sarcopenia, and Framingham risk score (FRS) were estimated by multivariate regression models. SETTING Muscle mass is estimated by skeletal muscle mass index using a bioelectrical impedance analysis. Muscle strength is measured by handgrip strength using an analog isometric dynamometer. Physical performance is measured by gait speed using a 6-meter walking distance. Dynapenia was defined as low muscle strength and/or slow gait speed presents with normal muscle mass. The diagnosis of presarcopenia and sarcopenia was based on criteria proposed by the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia in 2014. The FRS was used for evaluating 10-year coronary heart disease risk. PARTICIPANTS Adults aged 65 years and older who attended health examinations from 2015 to 2017 were recruited. RESULTS There were totally 709 subjects enrolled in this study. Dynapenic men (n=47) had 17.70±5.08% FRS and sarcopenic women (n=74) had 7.74±6.06% FRS. Participants with presarcopenia had the lowest FRS (men: 15.41±5.35%; women: 5.25±3.70%). Men with dynapenia had higher FRS than the presarcopenia group with odds ratio (OR) of 2.52 (95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.03-6.14). Women with sarcopenia had significantly higher FRS than the presarcopenia group with OR of 2.81 (95%CI: 1.09-7.27). CONCLUSION Older dynapenic men and older sarcopenic women had higher risks of 10-year coronary heart disease. Presarcopenic older adults had the lowest coronary heart disease risk in both genders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuei Chen
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital Songshan Branch and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wei-Liang Chen
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, 114Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, TaipeiTaiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tao-Chun Peng
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, 114Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Fang-Yih Liaw
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, 114Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Ping Chao
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, 114Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tung-Wei Kao
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, 114Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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36
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Terada T, Reed JL, Vidal-Almela S, Mistura M, Kamiya K, Way KL. Sex-specific associations of fat mass and muscle mass with cardiovascular disease risk factors in adults with type 2 diabetes living with overweight and obesity: secondary analysis of the Look AHEAD trial. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2022; 21:40. [PMID: 35292039 PMCID: PMC8925200 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-022-01468-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Distinguishable sex differences exist in fat mass and muscle mass. High fat mass and low muscle mass are independently associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in people living with type 2 diabetes; however, it is unknown if the association between fat mass and CVD risk is modified by muscle mass, or vice versa. This study examined the sex-specific interplay between fat mass and muscle mass on CVD risk factors in adults with type 2 diabetes living with overweight and obesity. Methods Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measures were used to compute fat mass index (FMI) and appendicular muscle mass index (ASMI), and participants were separated into high-fat mass vs. low-fat mass and high-muscle mass vs. low-muscle mass. A two-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA: high-FMI vs. low-FMI by high-ASMI vs. low-ASMI) was performed on CVD risk factors (i.e., hemoglobin A1C [A1C]; high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; triglycerides; systolic and diastolic blood pressure; cardiorespiratory fitness, depression and health related-quality of life [HR-QoL]) at baseline and following a 1-year intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) for females and males separately, with a primary focus on the fat mass by muscle mass interaction effects. Results Data from 1,369 participants (62.7% females) who completed baseline DXA were analyzed. In females, there was a fat mass by muscle mass interaction effect on A1C (p = 0.016) at baseline. Post-hoc analysis showed that, in the low-FMI group, A1C was significantly higher in low-ASMI when compared to high-ASMI (60.3 ± 14.1 vs. 55.5 ± 13.5 mmol/mol, p = 0.023). In the high-FMI group, there was no difference between high-ASMI and low-ASMI (56.4 ± 12.5 vs. 56.5 ± 12.8 mmol/mol, p = 0.610). In males, only high-FMI was associated with higher A1C when compared to low-FMI (57.1 ± 14.4 vs. 54.2 ± 12.0 mmol/mol, p = 0.008) at baseline. Following ILI, there were significant fat mass by muscle mass interaction effects on changes in the mental component of HR-QoL in males. Conclusion Considering that A1C predicts future CVD, strategies to lower A1C may be especially important in females with low fat and low muscle mass living with type 2 diabetes. Our results highlight the complicated and sex-specific contribution of fat mass and muscle mass to CVD risk factors. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12933-022-01468-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasuku Terada
- Exercise Physiology and Cardiovascular Health Lab, Division of Cardiac Prevention and Rehabilitation, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 4W7, Canada.
| | - Jennifer L Reed
- Exercise Physiology and Cardiovascular Health Lab, Division of Cardiac Prevention and Rehabilitation, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 4W7, Canada.,School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Sol Vidal-Almela
- Exercise Physiology and Cardiovascular Health Lab, Division of Cardiac Prevention and Rehabilitation, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 4W7, Canada.,School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Matheus Mistura
- Exercise Physiology and Cardiovascular Health Lab, Division of Cardiac Prevention and Rehabilitation, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 4W7, Canada
| | - Kentaro Kamiya
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Kimberley L Way
- Exercise Physiology and Cardiovascular Health Lab, Division of Cardiac Prevention and Rehabilitation, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 4W7, Canada.,Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
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Gao K, Cao LF, Ma WZ, Gao YJ, Luo MS, Zhu J, Li T, Zhou D. Association between sarcopenia and cardiovascular disease among middle-aged and older adults: Findings from the China health and retirement longitudinal study. EClinicalMedicine 2022; 44:101264. [PMID: 35059617 PMCID: PMC8760427 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.101264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the association between sarcopenia and cardiovascular disease (CVD) among middle-aged and older adults. Using the nationally representative data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), we conducted cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses to investigate the association between sarcopenia status and CVD in middle-aged and older Chinese population. METHODS The sample comprised 15,137 participants aged at least 45 years from the CHARLS 2015. Sarcopenia status was defined according to the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 (AWGS 2019) criteria. CVD was defined as the presence of physician-diagnosed heart disease and/or stroke. A total of 11,863 participants without CVD were recruited from the CHARLS 2015 and were followed up in 2018. Cox proportional hazards regression models were conducted to examine the effect of sarcopenia on CVD. FINDINGS The pre valence of CVD in total populations, no-sarcopenia, possible sarcopenia and sarcopenia individuals were 12.6% (1905/15,137), 10.0% (1026/10,280), 18.1% (668/3685), 18.0% (211/1172), respectively. Both possible sarcopenia [OR (95% CI): 1.29 (1.13-1.48)] and sarcopenia [1.72 (1.40-2.10)] were associated with CVD in total populations. During the 3.6 years of follow-up, 1,273 cases (10.7%) with incident CVD were identified. In the longitudinal analysis, individuals with the diagnosis of possible sarcopenia (HR:1.22, 95% CI: 1.05-1.43) and sarcopenia participants (HR:1.33, 95% CI: 1.04-1.71) were more likely to have new onset CVD than no-sarcopenia peers. INTERPRETATION Both possible sarcopenia and sarcopenia, assessed using the AWGS 2019 criteria, were associated with higher CVD risk among middle-aged and older Chinese adults. FUNDING None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Gao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Li-Fei Cao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wen-Zhuo Ma
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, RI, United States
| | - Ya-Jie Gao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Miao-Sha Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Jiao Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Tian Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dan Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
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Can systemic myokine response to an acute exercise bout predict high and low responders to resistance training? Med Hypotheses 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2022.110780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Fonseca GWPD, von Haehling S. The fatter, the better in old age: the current understanding of a difficult relationship. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2022; 25:1-6. [PMID: 34861670 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Obesity has shown a protective effect on mortality in older adults, also known as the obesity paradox, but there are still controversies about this relationship. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies have shown a J or U-shaped relationship between BMI and mortality, wherein an optimal range is described between 22 and 37 kg/m2 depending on the condition. Many mechanisms can explain this protective effect of higher BMI, fat/muscle mass storage, more aggressive treatment in obese individuals, loss of bone mineral content and selection bias. However, BMI must be used with caution due to its limitations to determine body composition and fat distribution. SUMMARY Although BMI is an easy tool to evaluate obesity, its protective effect may be present to certain extend, from normal range to class I obesity (BMI 30-34.9 kg/m2), but then it becomes detrimental. Skeletal muscle mass and muscle function associated with adipose tissue assessment can add valuable information in the risk stratification. Further studies should be performed prospectively, adjust BMI for cofounding variable and consider other elderly subpopulations. To promote healthy ageing, excessive fat mass should be avoided and maintenance or improvement of skeletal muscle mass and muscle function should be stimulated in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Wesley Peixoto da Fonseca
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo/SP, Brazil
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Stephan von Haehling
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University of Göttingen Medical Center (UMG)
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site, Göttingen, Germany
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Yasuda J, Murata K, Hasegawa T, Yamamura M, Maeo S, Takegaki J, Tottori N, Yokokawa T, Mori R, Arimitsu T, Nishikori S, Fujita S. Relation between protein intake and resistance training-induced muscle hypertrophy in middle-aged women: a pilot study. Nutrition 2022; 97:111607. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2022.111607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Gong H, Liu Y, Lyu X, Dong L, Zhang X. Lipoprotein subfractions in patients with sarcopenia and their relevance to skeletal muscle mass and function. Exp Gerontol 2021; 159:111668. [PMID: 34954281 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Loss of skeletal muscle mass is a characteristic of aging. Growing evidence suggests the role of fatty acids and their derived lipid intermediates in the regulation of skeletal muscle and function. However, the exact association between lipoprotein subfractions and sarcopenia in elderly individuals remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the levels of lipoprotein subfractions in sarcopenia patients and their relationship with skeletal muscle mass and function. METHODS A total of 84 elderly Chinese subjects aged ≥65 years who did not have diseases that obviously affected lipid metabolism were included. Concentrations of lipoprotein subfractions, including total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), HDL2, HDL3, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL), VLDL3, LDL-particle (LDL-P), lipoprotein(a) and remnant-like particle cholesterol (RLP-C), were determined by vertical auto profile. Triglyceride (TG) was measured by an enzymatic colorimetric assay. The skeletal muscle index (SMI) was assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Handgrip strength was measured using a hand-held dynamometer. RESULTS The levels of TC, TG, LDL-C, LDL-P, IDL, VLDL, VLDL3, RLP-C and C-reactive protein were significantly higher in sarcopenia patients than in controls (p < 0.05). Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient analysis showed that the TC, TG, LDL-C, IDL, VLDL, VLDL3, and RLP-C levels were negatively associated with the SMI; The TG, IDL, VLDL, VLDL3, and RLP-C were negatively correlated with handgrip strength. In multivariate stepwise regression analysis, the VLDL and RLP-C levels were significantly correlated with the SMI. The sensitivity and specificity of the combined measurement of VLDL and RLP-C in predicting sarcopenia were 69.8% and 92.5% (AUC: 0.831; 95% CI:(0.739, 0.924); p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The occurrence of sarcopenia is associated with disorders of lipid metabolism, particularly VLDL and RLP-C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Gong
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Xing Lyu
- Laboratory of Clinical Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Lini Dong
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
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Park S, Kim SH, Shin JY. Combined association of skeletal muscle mass and grip strength with cardiovascular diseases in patients with type 2 diabetes. J Diabetes 2021; 13:1015-1024. [PMID: 34288415 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.13216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) and grip strength (GS) have been suggested to be related to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), but their association with type 2 diabetes (T2D) remains unclear. Therefore, we examined the combined association of ASM and GS with the prevalence of CVD in patients with T2D. METHODS A total of 1230 patients with T2D were recruited and divided into four groups based on the sex-specific median values of ASM adjusted for body mass index (ASM/BMI; short: SM) and GS: high SM/high GS (HSM/HGS), high SM/low GS (HSM/LGS), low SM/high GS (LSM/HGS), and low SM/low GS (LSM/LGS). RESULTS The LSM/LGS group was older and had higher values of systolic blood pressure, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, waist circumference, and C-reactive protein but lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations than the HSM/HGS group. After adjusting for potential confounders, the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs for CVD, coronary heart disease (CHD), ischemic stroke, and peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in the LSM/LGS group were 2.90 (1.89-4.47), 2.39 (1.46-3.92), 1.77 (0.84-3.71), and 5.83 (1.58-21.48), respectively. After adjusting for variable confounders among patients with higher glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (≥7.1%), the ORs and 95% CIs for CVD and CHD in the LSM/LGS group were 7.27 (3.37-15.67) and 6.17 (2.65-14.37), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The combination of low SM and GS was strongly associated with CVD, CHD, and PAD in patients with T2D, especially in those with higher HbA1c levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunmin Park
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Hoseo University, Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, MizMedi Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang Yel Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
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Ferreira J, Carneiro A, Vila I, Cunha C, Silva C, Longatto-Filho A, Mesquita A, Cotter J, Mansilha A, Correia-Neves M, Cunha P. Association of skeletal muscle and cardiovascular risk factors in patients with lower extremity arterial disease. Ann Vasc Surg 2021; 80:223-234. [PMID: 34688875 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2021.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia is defined as low muscle mass, with low muscle strength or low physical performance. The skeletal muscle mass (or density) and strength are inversely associated with cardiovascular risk factors. We aim to determine the relationship between skeletal muscle characteristics (strength, mass, area), and cardiovascular risk factors in a population with lower extremity artery disease (LEAD) METHODS: : An observational, prospective study including patients with LEAD was conducted from January 2018 to December 2020. The cardiovascular risk factors and anthropometric measurements were prospectively registered. The skeletal muscle characteristics (area, density/mass and strength) were analysed. The skeletal muscle area and density were quantified with a CT scan. The strength was determined with a Jamar® hydraulic hand dynamometer. RESULTS 96 patients with LEAD with 67.70± 10.11 years-old were enrolled in the study. The most prevalent cardiovascular risk factor was hypertension, followed by dyslipidemia and diabetes. Patients with diabetes had a lower handgrip strength and skeletal muscle density, when compared with patients without diabetes (strength: 19.67± 9.98 kgf versus 26.79 ± 11.80 kgf, p=0.002 and skeletal muscle density: 10.58 ± 17.61 HU versus 18.17 ± 15.33 HU, p=0.032). There was a trend for the association between the presence of cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension and dyslipidemia) and a decrease in skeletal muscle density and strength (density: hypertension: 13.46 ± 16.74 HU versus 20.38 ± 11.63 HU p=0.055; dyslipidemia: 13.57 ± 17.16 HU versus 17.74 ± 13.00 HU p=0.315; strength- hypertension: 22.55 ± 10.08 kgf versus 27.58 ± 15.11 p= 0.073; dyslipidemia: 22.80 ± 10.52 kgf versus 25.28 ± 13.14 kgf p=0.315). Interestingly, we found that smokers had a favorable skeletal muscle characteristic, which could be explained by the higher prevalence of diabetes in non-smokers. CONCLUSIONS The indicators of skeletal muscle dysfunction (strength and density) are associated to the presence of diabetes in patients with LEAD. Therapeutic strategies to improve the skeletal muscle characteristics could have a role in improving LEAD risk factors, particularly diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ferreira
- Vascular Surgery Department- Hospital da Senhora da Oliveira, Guimarães, Portugal; Life and Health Science Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - A Carneiro
- Radiology Department- ULSAM, Viana do Castelo, Portugal
| | - I Vila
- Life and Health Science Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal; Medicine Department- Hospital da Senhora da Oliveira, Guimarães, Portugal; Center for the Research and Treatment of Arterial Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk, Internal Medicine Department- Hospital da Senhora da Oliveira, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - C Cunha
- Life and Health Science Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal; Medicine Department- Hospital da Senhora da Oliveira, Guimarães, Portugal; Center for the Research and Treatment of Arterial Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk, Internal Medicine Department- Hospital da Senhora da Oliveira, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - C Silva
- Life and Health Science Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal; Medicine Department- Hospital da Senhora da Oliveira, Guimarães, Portugal; Center for the Research and Treatment of Arterial Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk, Internal Medicine Department- Hospital da Senhora da Oliveira, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - A Longatto-Filho
- Life and Health Science Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal; Center for the Research and Treatment of Arterial Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk, Internal Medicine Department- Hospital da Senhora da Oliveira, Guimarães, Portugal; Department of Pathology (LIM-14), University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil; Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A Mesquita
- Vascular Surgery Department- Hospital da Senhora da Oliveira, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - J Cotter
- Life and Health Science Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal; Medicine Department- Hospital da Senhora da Oliveira, Guimarães, Portugal; Center for the Research and Treatment of Arterial Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk, Internal Medicine Department- Hospital da Senhora da Oliveira, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - A Mansilha
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Vascular Surgery Department Hospital de São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - M Correia-Neves
- Life and Health Science Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - P Cunha
- Life and Health Science Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal; Medicine Department- Hospital da Senhora da Oliveira, Guimarães, Portugal; Center for the Research and Treatment of Arterial Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk, Internal Medicine Department- Hospital da Senhora da Oliveira, Guimarães, Portugal
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McCullough D, Kirwan R, Butler T, Perez de Heredia F, Thijssen D, Lip GYH, Mills J, Davies IG. Feasibility of a high-PRotein Mediterranean-style diet and resistance Exercise in cardiac Rehabilitation patients with sarcopenic obesity (PRiMER): Study protocol for a randomised control trial. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021; 45:492-498. [PMID: 34620360 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is an essential component of long-term recovery following a cardiac event. Typical CR may not be optimal for patients presenting with sarcopenic obesity (SO) who present with reduced muscle mass and elevated adipose tissue, and may indicate greater cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Resistance exercise and high-protein diets are known to increase muscle mass, while Mediterranean-style diets have been shown to reduce CVD risk. A high-protein Mediterranean-style diet combined with resistance exercise intervention is yet to be trialled in cardiac rehabilitation populations. OBJECTIVES Primary outcome: to determine the feasibility of such an intervention by investigating the perceptions, acceptance and adherence to a resistance exercise protocol and high-protein Mediterranean style diet in a UK cardiac rehabilitation population with SO. Secondary outcome: to trial this protocol ahead of a fully powered clinical study. METHODS Eligible cardiac rehabilitation patients will be randomised to one of the following: 1) a control group (standard CR), 2) high-protein Mediterranean-style diet, 3) resistance exercise group, or 4) both high-protein Mediterranean-style diet and resistance exercise group. The pilot study will last 12 weeks. Measures of body composition (dual energy x-ray absorptiometry) grip strength, CVD risk (e.g., fasting triglycerides, glucose, cholesterol) and dietary adherence will be assessed at baseline and after 12 weeks. To compare groups, a mixed model ANOVA (time x intervention) will be performed. Patient participant involvement throughout the development of this project will be used to determine the feasibility of a future, fully powered, randomised control trial. A feasibility questionnaire will help establish the proportion of eligible participants, their willingness to be randomised, response rates, and ethical considerations. Furthermore, focus groups, food tasting and telephone interviews will be conducted to assess the acceptability of recipes and exercise protocols provided. DISCUSSION This pilot trial will determine whether a fully powered, multi-centred randomised control trial in CR patients with SO can be implemented. The information received from patient involvement will be invaluable for identifying possible barriers to participation and tailoring interventions to participant needs, helping to increase the likelihood of long-term compliance to health-promoting lifestyle changes. REGISTRATION This study is registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04272073), registered on 17/02/2020, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04272073. DATE AND VERSION 28/12/20 version 3.0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deaglan McCullough
- Research Institute of Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK; Institute for Health Research, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK; Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Richard Kirwan
- Institute for Health Research, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK; School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Tom Butler
- Faculty of Health, Social Care and Medicine, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK
| | - Fatima Perez de Heredia
- Institute for Health Research, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK; School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Dick Thijssen
- Research Institute of Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK; Institute for Health Research, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Gregory Y H Lip
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Joseph Mills
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ian G Davies
- Research Institute of Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK; Institute for Health Research, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.
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Low Skeletal Muscle Mass Is Associated With the Presence, Incidence, and Progression of Coronary Artery Calcification. Can J Cardiol 2021; 37:1480-1488. [PMID: 33845138 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low skeletal muscle mass (SMM) is an emerging risk factor of cardiovascular disease (CVD). We investigated the association between SMM and coronary artery calcification (CAC). METHODS We enrolled 19,728 adults free of CVD who underwent computed tomographic estimation of Agatston CAC scores for cross-sectional analysis. Among them, 5,401 subjects who had at least 2 follow-up CAC scores were included in longitudinal analysis. Relative SMM is presented as the skeletal muscle mass index [SMI (%) = total appendicular muscle mass (kg)/body weight (kg) × 100]. CAC presence and incidence were defined as CAC score > 0, and CAC progression was defined as √CAC score (follow-up) - √CAC score (baseline) > 2.5. RESULTS Among all of the subjects (mean age 53.4 years, 80.8% male), the prevalence of CAC was 36.7%. The incidence of CAC was 17.4% during a mean of 3.6 years, and the progression of CAC was 49.9% during a mean of 2.3 years. The lowest SMI quartile was significantly associated with an increased risk of CAC presence (adjusted odds ratio 2.75, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.45-3.05; P < 0.001), incidence (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR] 1.99, 95% CI 1.36-2.91; P < 0.001), and progression (AHR 1.48, 95% CI 1.25-1.77; P < 0.001) compared with the highest quartile. SMI as a continuous value was also significantly inversely associated with CAC. SMI was the best parameter to be related to CAC among other quantitative indices such as height or body mass index adjusted. CONCLUSIONS Low SMM is significantly associated with an elevated risk of CAC, independently from other cardiometabolic parameters.
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Liegnell R, Wessman F, Shalabi A, Harringe M. Validity of ultrasonography-derived predictions for estimating skeletal muscle volume: a systematic literature review. BMC Med Imaging 2021; 21:106. [PMID: 34229618 PMCID: PMC8258927 DOI: 10.1186/s12880-021-00638-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The amount of muscle volume (MV) varies between individuals and is important for health, well-being and performance. Therefore, the monitoring of MV using different imaging modalities is important. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is considered the gold standard, but is not always easily accessible, and the examinations are expensive. Ultrasonography (US) is a much less expensive imaging method widely used to measure changes in muscle thickness (MT). Whether MT may translate into MV needs further investigation. Purpose The aim of this review is to clarify whether US-derived equations based on MT predict MV based on MRI. Methods A systematic literature review was conducted according to the PRISMA statement, searching the electronic databases PubMed, CINAHL and Web of Science, for currently published equations to estimate MV with US. Results The literature search resulted in 363 citations. Twelve articles met the eligibility criteria. Ten articles scored eight out of eleven on QUADAS and two scored nine. Thirty-six prediction equations were identified. R values ranged between 0.53 and 0.961 and the standard error of the estimate (SEE) ranged between 6 and 12% for healthy adult populations, and up to 25.6% for children with cerebral palsy. Eight studies evaluated the results with a Bland–Altman plot and found no systematic errors. The overall strength and quality of the evidence was rated “low quality” as defined by the GRADE system. Conclusions The validity of US-derived equations based on MT is specific to the populations from which it is developed. The agreement with MV based on MRI is moderate with the SEE ranging between 6 and 12% in healthy adult populations. Suggestions for future research include investigations as to whether testing positions or increasing the number of measuring sites could improve the validity for prediction equations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus Liegnell
- Stockholm Sports Trauma Research Centre, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Fredrik Wessman
- Stockholm Sports Trauma Research Centre, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Adel Shalabi
- Centre for Medical Imaging, University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marita Harringe
- Stockholm Sports Trauma Research Centre, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Genetically predicted body composition in relation to cardiometabolic traits: a Mendelian randomization study. Eur J Epidemiol 2021; 36:1157-1168. [PMID: 34195880 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-021-00779-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Fat mass and fat-free mass are found to be associated with different health outcomes in observational studies, but the underlying causality remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the causal relationships between body composition and cardiometabolic traits using a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. Independent genetic variants associated with body fat mass, fat-free mass, and fat percentage in UK Biobank population were used as genetic instrumental variables, and their causal effects on circulatory diseases, type 2 diabetes, glycemic traits, and lipid fractions were estimated from large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in European populations. Univariable, multivariable, and bidirectional MR analyses were performed. Genetically predicted high fat mass and fat percentage significantly increased risks of most cardiometabolic diseases, and high fat-free mass had protective effects on most cardiometabolic diseases after accounting for fat mass. Fat mass, fat-free mass, and fat percentage were all positively associated with higher risks of atrial fibrillation and flutter, varicose veins, and deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. High fat mass increased fasting glucose, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), triglycerides, decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high fat-free mass reduced HOMA-IR, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Genetically predicted fat-free mass was bidirectionally negatively associated with 2-h glucose and total cholesterol. The findings may be helpful in risk stratification and tailoring management of body composition in patients with different cardiometabolic statuses.
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Remchak MME, Piersol KL, Bhatti S, Spaeth AM, Buckman JF, Malin SK. Considerations for Maximizing the Exercise "Drug" to Combat Insulin Resistance: Role of Nutrition, Sleep, and Alcohol. Nutrients 2021; 13:1708. [PMID: 34069950 PMCID: PMC8157556 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance is a key etiological factor in promoting not only type 2 diabetes mellitus but also cardiovascular disease (CVD). Exercise is a first-line therapy for combating chronic disease by improving insulin action through, in part, reducing hepatic glucose production and lipolysis as well as increasing skeletal muscle glucose uptake and vasodilation. Just like a pharmaceutical agent, exercise can be viewed as a "drug" such that identifying an optimal prescription requires a determination of mode, intensity, and timing as well as consideration of how much exercise is done relative to sitting for prolonged periods (e.g., desk job at work). Furthermore, proximal nutrition (nutrient timing, carbohydrate intake, etc.), sleep (or lack thereof), as well as alcohol consumption are likely important considerations for enhancing adaptations to exercise. Thus, identifying the maximal exercise "drug" for reducing insulin resistance will require a multi-health behavior approach to optimize type 2 diabetes and CVD care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary-Margaret E. Remchak
- Department of Kinesiology & Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (M.-M.E.R.); (K.L.P.); (A.M.S.); (J.F.B.)
| | - Kelsey L. Piersol
- Department of Kinesiology & Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (M.-M.E.R.); (K.L.P.); (A.M.S.); (J.F.B.)
| | - Sabha Bhatti
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA;
| | - Andrea M. Spaeth
- Department of Kinesiology & Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (M.-M.E.R.); (K.L.P.); (A.M.S.); (J.F.B.)
| | - Jennifer F. Buckman
- Department of Kinesiology & Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (M.-M.E.R.); (K.L.P.); (A.M.S.); (J.F.B.)
- Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Steven K. Malin
- Department of Kinesiology & Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (M.-M.E.R.); (K.L.P.); (A.M.S.); (J.F.B.)
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Nutrition, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
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Roy B, Palaniyandi SS. Tissue-specific role and associated downstream signaling pathways of adiponectin. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:77. [PMID: 33902691 PMCID: PMC8073961 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00587-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization, metabolic syndrome (MetS) can be defined as a pathological condition characterized by abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. The incidence of MetS keeps rising, as at least 35% of the USA population suffers from MetS. One of the worst comorbidities of metabolic syndrome are cardiovascular diseases that significantly amplifies the mortality associated with this syndrome. There is an urgent need to understand the pathophysiology of MetS to find novel diagnosis, treatment and management to mitigate the MetS and associated complications. Altered circulatory adiponectin levels have been implicated in MetS. Adiponectin has numerous biologic functions including antioxidative, anti-nitrative, anti-inflammatory, and cardioprotective effects. Being a pleiotropic hormone of multiple tissues, tissue-specific key signaling pathways of adiponectin will help finding specific target/s to blunt the pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome and associated disorders. The purpose of this review is to elucidate tissue-specific signaling pathways of adiponectin and possibly identify potential therapeutic targets for MetS as well as to evaluate the potential of adiponectin as a biomarker/therapeutic option in MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bipradas Roy
- Division of Hypertension and Vascular Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Integrative Biosciences Center (IBio), Room #3402, 6135 Woodward, Detroit, MI 48202 USA
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202 USA
| | - Suresh Selvaraj Palaniyandi
- Division of Hypertension and Vascular Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Integrative Biosciences Center (IBio), Room #3402, 6135 Woodward, Detroit, MI 48202 USA
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202 USA
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Pelà G, Tagliaferri S, Perrino F, Righelli I, Montanari R, Longobucco Y, Salvi M, Calvani R, Cesari M, Cherubini A, Bernabei R, Di Bari M, Landi F, Marzetti E, Lauretani F, Maggio M. Determinants of cardiac structure in frail and sarcopenic elderly adults. Exp Gerontol 2021; 150:111351. [PMID: 33864831 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac structure and function change with age. The higher prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) with concentric remodeling is indicative of a typical geometric pattern of aging associated with a higher cardiovascular (CV) risk and diseases. The recent associations found between low left ventricular and skeletal mass in older patients with frailty and sarcopenia have raised great interest in investigating cardiac characteristics and determinants of left ventricular mass (LVM) in this population. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHODS We evaluated 100 sarcopenic and physically frail outpatients, 33 men (M), 67 women (F), aged ≥70 years (mean age 79 ± 5) and enrolled in the Parma site of European multicenter SPRINTT population. RESULTS All male and female participants showed LVH, assessed as indexed LVM to body surface area (LVM/BSA) (M = 128 ± 39 g/m2; F = 104 ± 26 g/m2), and were more prone to have concentric geometry, as demonstrated by relative wall thickness value (0.41 in both sexes). After backward regression analysis, including covariates such as age, sex, office or ABPM systolic blood pressure (SBP), heart rate, BSA, use of β blockers, ACE-inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, calcium channel blockers, diuretics, physical activity, hemoglobin level, and Mini Mental State examination - the most powerful determinants of LVM were clinical SBP (β = 1.51 ± 0.31, p = 0.0005), BSA (β = 165.9 ± 41.4, p = 0.0001), while less powerful determinants were 24 h, daily and nightly SBP (p = 0.02, p = 0.002, p = 0.004 respectively). CONCLUSIONS Older sarcopenic and physically frail patients showed LVH with a tendency towards concentric geometry. The main determinant of LVM was SBP, highlighting the key role that hemodynamic condition plays in determining LVH in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Pelà
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Medical School of Parma, Parma, Italy; University-Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy.
| | - Sara Tagliaferri
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Medical School of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Felice Perrino
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Medical School of Parma, Parma, Italy; University-Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Ilaria Righelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Medical School of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Rossella Montanari
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Medical School of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Yari Longobucco
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Medical School of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Marco Salvi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Medical School of Parma, Parma, Italy; University-Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy; Geriatric Clinic Unit, University-Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Riccardo Calvani
- Department of Geriatrics, Neurosciences and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore and Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Cesari
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Geriatric Unit, IRCCS Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Cherubini
- Geriatria, Accettazione Geriatrica e Centro di ricerca per l'invecchiamento, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - Roberto Bernabei
- Department of Geriatrics, Neurosciences and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore and Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Di Bari
- Research Unit of Medicine of Aging, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy; Unit of Geriatrics - Geriatrics Intensive Care Unit, Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, University-Hospital Careggi, Firenze, Italy
| | - Francesco Landi
- Department of Geriatrics, Neurosciences and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore and Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Marzetti
- Department of Geriatrics, Neurosciences and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore and Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Fulvio Lauretani
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Medical School of Parma, Parma, Italy; University-Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy; Geriatric Clinic Unit, University-Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Marcello Maggio
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Medical School of Parma, Parma, Italy; University-Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy; Geriatric Clinic Unit, University-Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
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