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Turuban M, Kromhout H, Vila J, de Vocht F, Vallbona-Vistós M, Baldi I, Cardis E, Turner MC. Comparison of a radiofrequency electric and magnetic field source-based job-exposure matrix with personal radiofrequency exposure measurements. Ann Work Expo Health 2024:wxae072. [PMID: 39326006 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxae072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Assessing occupational exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) presents significant challenges due to the considerable variability in exposure levels within and between occupations. This spatial and temporal variability complicates the reliable evaluation of potential health risks associated with RF-EMF exposure in the workplace. Accurate assessment methods are crucial to understand the extent of exposure and to evaluate potential health risks, especially given the potential for higher exposures in occupational settings compared to the general population. This study compares the historical RF-EMF exposure estimates in the INTEROCC RF-EMF job-exposure matrix (RF-JEM) with recent personal measurement data collected in 2 countries as part of the OccRF-Health study, to assess the broader applicability of the RF-JEM. METHODS Weighted kappa (k w) coefficients and Spearman rank correlation tests were performed to assess the alignment between RF-JEM estimates and measurements for 8 h time-weighted average exposure intensity and prevalence estimates across various occupations. The comparisons were mainly based on 22 jobs having ≥5 measured workers in the OccRF-Health study. RESULTS Poor agreement was found for both exposure prevalence and intensity between both methods (k w < 0.1). RF-JEM values likely overestimated exposure levels for both electric (E) and magnetic (H) fields (mean percentage difference >194%) compared to current personal measurements. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that the INTEROCC-JEM likely overestimates current exposure intensity levels in the measured jobs. Adopting a semiquantitative JEM could also mitigate misclassification errors due to exposure variability, improving accuracy in exposure assessment. These findings indicate the need for more targeted personal measurements, including among highly exposed workers, and for potentially considering new exposure metrics to more accurately assess occupational RF-EMF exposures in occupational epidemiological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Turuban
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), C/ del Rosselló, 132, L'Eixample, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Vida, C/ del Dr. Aiguader, 80, Ciutat Vella, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hans Kromhout
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Javier Vila
- Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Office of Radiation Protection and Environmental Monitoring, Johnstown Castle, Y35 W821, Wexford, Ireland
| | - Frank de Vocht
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, BS8 2PS, Bristol, United Kingdom
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration West (NIHR ARC West), Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Miquel Vallbona-Vistós
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), C/ del Rosselló, 132, L'Eixample, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabelle Baldi
- INSERM UMR 1219 Epicene Team, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, 33076, Bordeaux, France
- Service Santé Travail Environnement, CHU de Bordeaux, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Elisabeth Cardis
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), C/ del Rosselló, 132, L'Eixample, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Vida, C/ del Dr. Aiguader, 80, Ciutat Vella, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Michelle C Turner
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), C/ del Rosselló, 132, L'Eixample, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Vida, C/ del Dr. Aiguader, 80, Ciutat Vella, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
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Jungewelter S, Taskinen H, Sallmén M, Lindbohm ML, Airo E, Remes J, Huotilainen M, Jansson-Verkasalo E. Maternal occupational noise exposure during pregnancy and children's early language acquisition. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301144. [PMID: 38625962 PMCID: PMC11020523 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Noise exposure during pregnancy may affect a child's auditory system, which may disturb fetal learning and language development. We examined the impact of occupational noise exposure during pregnancy on children's language acquisition at the age of one. METHODS A cohort study was conducted among women working in the food industry, as kindergarten teachers, musicians, dental nurses, or pharmacists who had a child aged <1 year. The analyses covered 408 mother-child pairs. Language acquisition was measured using the Infant-Toddler Checklist. An occupational hygienist assessed noise exposure individually as no (N = 180), low (70-78 dB; N = 108) or moderate/high exposure (>79 dB; N = 120). RESULTS Among the boys, the adjusted mean differences in language acquisition scores were -0.4 (95% CI -2.5, 1.8) for low, and -0.7 (95% CI -2.9, 1.4) for moderate/high exposure compared to no exposure. Among the girls the respective scores were +0.1 (95% CI -2.2, 2.5) and -0.1 (95% CI -2.3, 2.2). Among the children of kindergarten teachers, who were mainly exposed to human noise, low or moderate exposure was associated with lower language acquisition scores. The adjusted mean differences were -3.8 (95% CI -7.2, -0.4) for low and -4.9 (95% CI -8.6, -1.2) for moderate exposure. CONCLUSIONS In general, we did not detect an association between maternal noise exposure and children's language acquisition among one-year-old children. However, the children of kindergarten teachers exposed to human noise had lower language acquisition scores than the children of the non-exposed participants. These suggestive findings merit further investigation by level and type of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soile Jungewelter
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
- University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Helena Taskinen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
- University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markku Sallmén
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marja-Liisa Lindbohm
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
- University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Erkko Airo
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jouko Remes
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Minna Huotilainen
- Institute for Behavioral Sciences, University of Helsinki, Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eira Jansson-Verkasalo
- Department of Psychology and Speech-Language Pathology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Ohlander J, Kromhout H, Vermeulen R, Portengen L, Kendzia B, Savary B, Cavallo D, Cattaneo A, Migliori E, Richiardi L, Plato N, Wichmann HE, Karrasch S, Consonni D, Landi MT, Caporaso NE, Siemiatycki J, Gustavsson P, Jöckel KH, Ahrens W, Pohlabeln H, Fernández-Tardón G, Zaridze D, Jolanta Lissowska JL, Beata Swiatkowska BS, John K Field JKF, McLaughlin JR, Demers PA, Pandics T, Forastiere F, Fabianova E, Schejbalova M, Foretova L, Janout V, Mates D, Barul C, Brüning T, Behrens T, Straif K, Schüz J, Olsson A, Peters S. Respirable crystalline silica and lung cancer in community-based studies: impact of job-exposure matrix specifications on exposure-response relationships. Scand J Work Environ Health 2024; 50:178-186. [PMID: 38264956 PMCID: PMC11064806 DOI: 10.5271/sjweh.4140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The quantitative job-exposure matrix SYN-JEM consists of various dimensions: job-specific estimates, region-specific estimates, and prior expert ratings of jobs by the semi-quantitative DOM-JEM. We analyzed the effect of different JEM dimensions on the exposure-response relationships between occupational silica exposure and lung cancer risk to investigate how these variations influence estimates of exposure by a quantitative JEM and associated health endpoints. METHODS Using SYN-JEM, and alternative SYN-JEM specifications with varying dimensions included, cumulative silica exposure estimates were assigned to 16 901 lung cancer cases and 20 965 controls pooled from 14 international community-based case-control studies. Exposure-response relationships based on SYN-JEM and alternative SYN-JEM specifications were analyzed using regression analyses (by quartiles and log-transformed continuous silica exposure) and generalized additive models (GAM), adjusted for age, sex, study, cigarette pack-years, time since quitting smoking, and ever employment in occupations with established lung cancer risk. RESULTS SYN-JEM and alternative specifications generated overall elevated and similar lung cancer odds ratios ranging from 1.13 (1st quartile) to 1.50 (4th quartile). In the categorical and log-linear analyses SYN-JEM with all dimensions included yielded the best model fit, and exclusion of job-specific estimates from SYN-JEM yielded the poorest model fit. Additionally, GAM showed the poorest model fit when excluding job-specific estimates. CONCLUSION The established exposure-response relationship between occupational silica exposure and lung cancer was marginally influenced by varying the dimensions of SYN-JEM. Optimized modelling of exposure-response relationships will be obtained when incorporating all relevant dimensions, namely prior rating, job, time, and region. Quantitative job-specific estimates appeared to be the most prominent dimension for this general population JEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Ohlander
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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Sit G, Orsi L, Iwatsubo Y, Dananché B, Orsi F, Goldberg M, Leynaert B, Nadif R, Ribet C, Roche N, Roquelaure Y, Varraso R, Zins M, Pilorget C, Le Moual N, Dumas O. Chronic occupational exposures to irritants and asthma in the CONSTANCES cohort. Occup Environ Med 2024; 81:129-135. [PMID: 38418224 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2023-109100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The impact of chronic occupational exposures to irritants on asthma remains discussed. We studied the associations between occupational exposures and asthma, with specific interest for chronic exposure to irritants, including disinfectants and cleaning products (DCPs) and solvents. METHODS Cross-sectional analyses included 115 540 adults (55% women, mean age 43 years, 10% current asthma) working at inclusion in the French population-based CONSTANCES cohort (2012-2020). Current asthma was defined by ever asthma with symptoms, medication or asthma attacks (past 12 months), and the asthma symptom score by the sum of 5 respiratory symptoms (past 12 months). Both lifetime and current occupational exposures were assessed by the Occupational Asthma-specific Job-Exposure Matrix. Associations were evaluated by gender using logistic and binomial negative regressions adjusted for age, smoking status and body mass index. RESULTS In women, associations were observed between current asthma and lifetime exposure to irritants (OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.11), DCPs (1.06, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.12) and solvents (1.06, 95% CI 0.98 to 1.14). In men, only lifetime exposure to DCPs (1.10, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.20) was associated with current asthma. Lifetime exposure to irritants was associated with higher asthma symptom score both in women (mean score ratio: 1.08, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.11) and men (1.11, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.15), especially for DCPs (women: 1.09, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.13, men: 1.21, 95% CI 1.15 to 1.27) and solvents (women 1.14, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.19, men: 1.10, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.15). For current exposures, no consistent associations were observed with current asthma and asthma symptom score. CONCLUSIONS Lifetime occupational exposures to irritants were associated with current asthma and higher asthma symptom score. These exposures should be carefully considered in asthma management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Sit
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Équipe d'Épidémiologie respiratoire intégrative, CESP, Villejuif, France
| | - Laurent Orsi
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Équipe d'Épidémiologie respiratoire intégrative, CESP, Villejuif, France
| | - Yuriko Iwatsubo
- Santé Publique France, Direction Santé Environnement Travail, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Brigitte Dananché
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Équipe d'Épidémiologie respiratoire intégrative, CESP, Villejuif, France
| | - Florence Orsi
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Équipe d'Épidémiologie respiratoire intégrative, CESP, Villejuif, France
| | - Marcel Goldberg
- Université Paris Cité, Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, UMS 11, Cohortes Epidémiologiques en population, Villejuif, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Benedicte Leynaert
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Équipe d'Épidémiologie respiratoire intégrative, CESP, Villejuif, France
| | - Rachel Nadif
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Équipe d'Épidémiologie respiratoire intégrative, CESP, Villejuif, France
| | - Céline Ribet
- Université Paris Cité, Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, UMS 11, Cohortes Epidémiologiques en population, Villejuif, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Roche
- APHP Centre-Université de Paris, Hôpital et Institut Cochin, Service de Pneumologie, Paris, France
| | - Yves Roquelaure
- Université d'Angers, CHU Angers, Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) UMR_S1085, Angers, France
| | - Raphäelle Varraso
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Équipe d'Épidémiologie respiratoire intégrative, CESP, Villejuif, France
| | - Marie Zins
- Université Paris Cité, Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, UMS 11, Cohortes Epidémiologiques en population, Villejuif, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Corinne Pilorget
- Santé Publique France, Direction Santé Environnement Travail, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Nicole Le Moual
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Équipe d'Épidémiologie respiratoire intégrative, CESP, Villejuif, France
| | - Orianne Dumas
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Équipe d'Épidémiologie respiratoire intégrative, CESP, Villejuif, France
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Lawrence RL, Soliman SB, Dalbøge A, Lohse K, Bey MJ. Investigating the multifactorial etiology of supraspinatus tendon tears. J Orthop Res 2024; 42:578-587. [PMID: 37814893 PMCID: PMC10932906 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop a multivariable model to determine the extent to which a combination of etiological factors is associated with supraspinatus tendon tears. Fifty-four asymptomatic individuals (55 ± 4 years) underwent testing of their dominant shoulder. Diagnostic ultrasound was used to assess for a supraspinatus tendon tear. The etiological factors investigated included demographics (age and sex), tendon impingement during shoulder motion (via biplane videoradiography), glenohumeral morphology (via computed tomography imaging), family history of a tear (via self-report), occupational shoulder exposure (via shoulder job exposure matrix), and athletic exposure (via self-report). Univariate relationships between etiological predictors and supraspinatus tears were assessed using logistic regression and odds ratios (ORs), while multivariable relationships were assessed using classification and regression tree analysis. Thirteen participants (24.1%) had evidence of a supraspinatus tear. Individuals with a tear had a higher critical shoulder angle (OR 1.2, p = 0.028) and acromial index (OR 1.2, p = 0.016) than individuals without a tear. The multivariable model suggested that a tear in this cohort can be explained with acceptable accuracy (AUROC = 0.731) by the interaction between acromial index and shoulder occupational exposure: a tear is more likely in individuals with a high acromial index (p < 0.001), and in individuals with a low acromial index and high occupational exposure (p < 0.001). The combination of an individual's glenohumeral morphology (acromial index) and occupational shoulder exposure may be important in the development of supraspinatus tears.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah L. Lawrence
- Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, MO, USA
- Henry Ford Health; Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Steven B. Soliman
- Henry Ford Health; Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan; Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Annett Dalbøge
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University; Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital; Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Keith Lohse
- Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, MO, USA
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Romero Starke K, Bolm-Audorff U, Reissig D, Seidler A. Dose-response-relationship between occupational exposure to diesel engine emissions and lung cancer risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2024; 256:114299. [PMID: 38194821 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2023.114299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2012, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) concluded that diesel engine emissions (DEE) emissions cause cancer in humans. However, there is still controversy surrounding this conclusion, due to several studies since the IARC decision citing a lack of evidence of a dose-response relationship. OBJECTIVES Through a systematic review, we aimed to evaluate all evidence on the association between occupational DEE and lung cancer to investigate whether there is an increased risk of lung cancer for workers exposed to DEE and if so, to describe the dose-response relationship. METHODS We registered the review protocol with PROSPERO and searched for observational studies in relevant literature databases. Two independent reviewers screened the studies' titles/abstracts and full texts, and extracted and assessed their quality. Studies with no direct DEE measurement but with information on length of exposure for high-risk occupations were assigned exposure values based on the DEE Job-Exposure-Matrix (DEE-JEM). After assessing quality and informativeness, we selected appropriate studies for the dose-response meta-analysis. RESULTS Sixty-five reports (from thirty-seven studies) were included in the review; one had a low risk of bias (RoB) (RR per 10 μg/m3-years: 1.014 [95%CI 1.007-1.021]). There was an increased, statistically significant risk of lung cancer with increasing DEE exposure for all studies (RR per 10 μg/m3-years = 1.013 [95%CI 1.004-1.021]) as well as for studies with a low RoB in the exposure category (RR per 10 μg/m3-years = 1.008 [95% CI1.001-1.015]). We obtained a doubling dose of 555 μg/m3-years for all studies and 880 μg/m3-years for studies with high quality in the exposure assessment. DISCUSSION We found a linear positive dose-response relationship for studies with high quality in the exposure domain, even though all studies had an overall high risk of bias. Current threshold levels for DEE exposure at the workplace should be reconsidered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Romero Starke
- Institute and Policlinic of Occupational and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Ulrich Bolm-Audorff
- Institute and Policlinic of Occupational and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - David Reissig
- Institute and Policlinic of Occupational and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Seidler
- Institute and Policlinic of Occupational and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Sassano M, Collatuzzo G, Teglia F, Boffetta P. Occupational exposure to diesel exhausts and liver and pancreatic cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Epidemiol 2024; 39:241-255. [PMID: 38289519 PMCID: PMC10995068 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-024-01099-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diesel exhaust (DE) is human carcinogen with sufficient evidence only for lung cancer. Systematic evidence on other cancer types is scarce, thus we aimed to systematically review current literature on the association between occupational DE exposure and risk of liver and pancreatic cancers. METHODS We performed a systematic literature review to identify cohort studies on occupational DE exposure and risk of cancers other than lung. We computed pooled relative risks (RRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for liver and pancreatic cancers using DerSimonian and Laird random-effects model. RESULTS Fifteen studies reporting results on pancreatic cancer and fourteen on liver cancer were included. We found a weakly increased risk of pancreatic cancer in workers exposed to DE (RR: 1.07, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.14), mainly driven by results on incidence (RR: 1.11, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.22). As for liver cancer, results were suggestive of a positive association (RR: 1.09; 95% CI: 0.99, 1.19), although a significant estimate was present in studies published before 2000 (RR: 1.41; 95% CI: 1.09, 1.82). We found no compelling evidence of publication bias. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest an association between occupational DE exposure and liver and pancreatic cancer. Further studies with detailed exposure assessment, environmental monitoring data, and appropriate control for confounders are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Sassano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Collatuzzo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Federica Teglia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
- Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
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Olsson A, Bouaoun L, Schüz J, Vermeulen R, Behrens T, Ge C, Kromhout H, Siemiatycki J, Gustavsson P, Boffetta P, Kendzia B, Radoi L, Barul C, Karrasch S, Wichmann HE, Consonni D, Landi MT, Caporaso NE, Merletti F, Migliore E, Richiardi L, Jöckel KH, Ahrens W, Pohlabeln H, Fernández-Tardón G, Zaridze D, Field JK, Lissowska J, Świątkowska B, McLaughlin JR, Demers PA, Schejbalova M, Foretova L, Janout V, Pándics T, Fabianova E, Mates D, Forastiere F, Straif K, Brüning T, Vlaanderen J, Peters S. Lung Cancer Risks Associated with Occupational Exposure to Pairs of Five Lung Carcinogens: Results from a Pooled Analysis of Case-Control Studies (SYNERGY). ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2024; 132:17005. [PMID: 38236172 PMCID: PMC10795675 DOI: 10.1289/ehp13380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While much research has been done to identify individual workplace lung carcinogens, little is known about joint effects on risk when workers are exposed to multiple agents. OBJECTIVES We investigated the pairwise joint effects of occupational exposures to asbestos, respirable crystalline silica, metals (i.e., nickel, chromium-VI), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) on lung cancer risk, overall and by major histologic subtype, while accounting for cigarette smoking. METHODS In the international 14-center SYNERGY project, occupational exposures were assigned to 16,901 lung cancer cases and 20,965 control subjects using a quantitative job-exposure matrix (SYN-JEM). Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed for ever vs. never exposure using logistic regression models stratified by sex and adjusted for study center, age, and smoking habits. Joint effects among pairs of agents were assessed on multiplicative and additive scales, the latter by calculating the relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI). RESULTS All pairwise joint effects of lung carcinogens in men were associated with an increased risk of lung cancer. However, asbestos/metals and metals/PAH resulted in less than additive effects; while the chromium-VI/silica pair showed marginally synergistic effect in relation to adenocarcinoma (RERI: 0.24; CI: 0.02, 0.46; p = 0.05). In women, several pairwise joint effects were observed for small cell lung cancer including exposure to PAH/silica (OR = 5.12; CI: 1.77, 8.48), and to asbestos/silica (OR = 4.32; CI: 1.35, 7.29), where exposure to PAH/silica resulted in a synergistic effect (RERI: 3.45; CI: 0.10, 6.8). DISCUSSION Small or no deviation from additive or multiplicative effects was observed, but co-exposure to the selected lung carcinogens resulted generally in higher risk than exposure to individual agents, highlighting the importance to reduce and control exposure to carcinogens in workplaces and the general environment. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP13380.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Olsson
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Liacine Bouaoun
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Joachim Schüz
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Behrens
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - Calvin Ge
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Kromhout
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jack Siemiatycki
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Per Gustavsson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Benjamin Kendzia
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - Loredana Radoi
- Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Team Exposome and Heredity, U1018 Inserm, University Paris-Saclay, University Paris Cité, Villejuif, France
| | - Christine Barul
- University Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) -UMR_S 1085, Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | - Stefan Karrasch
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC-M), Munich, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Heinz-Erich Wichmann
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institut für Medizinische Informatik Biometrie Epidemiologie, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Dario Consonni
- Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Landi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Neil E. Caporaso
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Franco Merletti
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Enrica Migliore
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Richiardi
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Karl-Heinz Jöckel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Ahrens
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
- Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Institute of Statistics, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Hermann Pohlabeln
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | | | - David Zaridze
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, N.N. Blokhin National Research Centre of Oncology, Moscow, Russia
| | - John K. Field
- Roy Castle Lung Cancer Research Programme, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jolanta Lissowska
- Epidemiology Unit, Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, M. Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Świątkowska
- Department of Environmental Epidemiology, The Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland
| | - John R. McLaughlin
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Paul A. Demers
- Occupational Cancer Research Centre, Ontario Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Miriam Schejbalova
- Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Vladimir Janout
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | | - Eleonora Fabianova
- Regional Authority of Public Health, Banská Bystrica, Slovakia
- Faculty of Health, Catholic University, Ružomberok, Slovakia
| | - Dana Mates
- National Institute of Public Health, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Kurt Straif
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Thomas Brüning
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - Jelle Vlaanderen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Susan Peters
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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9
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Gerlich J, Ohlander J, Kromhout H, Vermeulen R, Söhler S, Radon K, Nowak D, Karrasch S, Adaskina N, Vogelmeier C, Ochmann U, Jörres RA. Cumulative occupational exposure to gases and fumes is associated with impairment in lung function and disease-related quality of life in a German COPD patient cohort. Occup Environ Med 2023; 81:oemed-2023-108908. [PMID: 38160050 PMCID: PMC10850675 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2023-108908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The impact of occupational exposures on lung function impairments and quality of life (QoL) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was analysed and compared with that of smoking. METHODS Data from 1283 men and 759 women (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) grades 1-4 or former grade 0, without alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency) of the COPD and Systemic Consequences Comorbidities Network cohort were analysed. Cumulative exposure to gases/fumes, biological dust, mineral dust or the combination vapours/gases/dusts/fumes was assessed using the ALOHA job exposure matrix. The effect of both occupational and smoking exposure on lung function and disease-specific QoL (St George's Respiratory Questionnaire) was analysed using linear regression analysis adjusting for age, body mass index, diabetes, hypertension and coronary artery disease, stratified by sex. RESULTS In men, exposure to gases/fumes showed the strongest effects among occupational exposures, being significantly associated with all lung function parameters and QoL; the effects were partially stronger than of smoking. Smoking had a larger effect than occupational exposure on lung diffusing capacity (transfer factor for carbon monoxide) but not on air trapping (residual volume/total lung capacity). In women, occupational exposures were not significantly associated with QoL or lung function, while the relationships between lung function parameters and smoking were comparable to men. CONCLUSIONS In patients with COPD, cumulative occupational exposure, particularly to gases/fumes, showed effects on airway obstruction, air trapping, gas uptake capacity and disease-related QoL, some of which were larger than those of smoking. These findings suggest that lung air trapping and QoL should be considered as outcomes of occupational exposure to gases and fumes in patients with COPD. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT01245933.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Gerlich
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC-M), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Johan Ohlander
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Hans Kromhout
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Sandra Söhler
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University Medical Center Giessen and Marburg, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Katja Radon
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC-M), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Dennis Nowak
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC-M), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Karrasch
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Claus Vogelmeier
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University Medical Center Giessen and Marburg, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Uta Ochmann
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Rudolf A Jörres
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC-M), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
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10
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Abutheraa N, Tarburn EL, McShane CM, Duncombe A, McMullin MF, Anderson LA. The aetiology and burden of myeloproliferative neoplasms in the United Kingdom: the MyelOproliferative neoplasmS: an In-depth case-control (MOSAICC) study protocol. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:1207. [PMID: 38062390 PMCID: PMC10704614 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11483-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are a group of haematological malignancies that affect approximately 8 people in every 100,000 individuals in the UK. Little is known about the aetiology of MPNs, as previous studies have been hampered by small sample sizes, thus it is important to understand the cause of MPNs in a larger study to identify prevention strategies and improve treatment strategies. This study aims to determine environmental, lifestyle, genetic and medical causes of MPNs and to assess the relevance of occupational carcinogen exposures and quality of life impacts. METHODS A UK-wide case-control study of 610 recently diagnosed MPN patients (within 24 months) receiving clinical care at 21 NHS study sites in Scotland, England, Wales and Northern Ireland and 610 non-blood relative/friend controls is underway. Data on occupational and residential history, medical and environmental factors, and quality of life are being collected from the participants via a structured interview and self-complete questionnaires. Clinical data is being provided by the clinical team. Blood, saliva and toenail samples are also being collected for genetic and elemental analysis. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) will be calculated using a p < 0.05 to investigate potential risk factors for the MPN clinical and genetic subtypes, and further analyses will be conducted based on the type of data and outcome of interest at a later stage. DISCUSSION The study design is most effective for investigating the aetiology of rare diseases. The study will enable identification of potential causes of MPNs through in-depth assessment of potential risk factors with potential for longer follow-up of a number of outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nouf Abutheraa
- Aberdeen Centre for Health Data Science, Institute of Applied Health Science, School of Medicine, Medical Science and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Emma-Louise Tarburn
- Aberdeen Centre for Health Data Science, Institute of Applied Health Science, School of Medicine, Medical Science and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Charlene M McShane
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - Andrew Duncombe
- University Hospitals Southampton NHS Trust and Hon., University of Southampton Medical School, Southampton, UK
| | - Mary Frances McMullin
- Centre for Medical Education School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Lesley Ann Anderson
- Aberdeen Centre for Health Data Science, Institute of Applied Health Science, School of Medicine, Medical Science and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
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11
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Zhao Y, Ray A, Portengen L, Vermeulen R, Peters S. Metal Exposure and Risk of Parkinson Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Am J Epidemiol 2023; 192:1207-1223. [PMID: 37022311 PMCID: PMC10326611 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwad082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metal exposure has been suggested as a possible environmental risk factor for Parkinson disease (PD). We searched the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases to systematically review the literature on the relationship between metal exposure and PD risk and to examine the overall quality of each study and the exposure assessment method. A total of 83 case-control studies and 5 cohort studies published during the period 1963-July 2021 were included, of which 73 were graded as being of low or moderate overall quality. Investigators in 69 studies adopted self-reported exposure and biomonitoring after disease diagnosis for exposure assessment approaches. The meta-analyses showed that concentrations of copper and iron in serum and concentrations of zinc in either serum or plasma were lower, while concentrations of magnesium in CSF and zinc in hair were higher, among PD cases as compared with controls. Cumulative lead levels in bone were found to be associated with increased risk of PD. We did not find associations between other metals and PD. The current level of evidence for associations between metals and PD risk is limited, as biases from methodological limitations cannot be ruled out. High-quality studies assessing metal levels before disease onset are needed to improve our understanding of the role of metals in the etiology of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Susan Peters
- Correspondence to Dr. Susan Peters, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands (e-mail: )
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12
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McCanlies EC, Gu JK, Kashon M, Yucesoy B, Ma CC, Sanderson WT, Kim K, Ludeña-Rodriguez YJ, Hertz-Picciotto I. Parental occupational exposure to solvents and autism spectrum disorder: An exploratory look at gene-environment interactions. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 228:115769. [PMID: 37004853 PMCID: PMC10273405 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Erin C McCanlies
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA.
| | - Ja Kook Gu
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
| | - Michael Kashon
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
| | - Berran Yucesoy
- Former Affiliate of Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
| | - Claudia C Ma
- Former Affiliate of Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
| | | | - Kyoungmi Kim
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | | | - Irva Hertz-Picciotto
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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13
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Krefft SD, Zell-Baran LM. Deployment-Related Respiratory Disease: Where Are We? Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2023; 44:370-377. [PMID: 37068518 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1764407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Military personnel and veterans who have deployed to Afghanistan, Iraq, and parts of Southwest Asia (SWA) since 1990 are at risk of developing a host of respiratory symptoms and deployment-related respiratory diseases (DRRDs). This review aims to summarize our current understanding of DRRD and inform pulmonary practitioners of recent updates to DRRD screening, diagnosis, evaluation, and management. The most common respiratory diseases in these patients include asthma, chronic sinonasal disease, laryngeal disease/dysfunction, and distal lung disease. Pulmonary function testing and chest imaging are the most commonly used diagnostic tools, but techniques such as lung clearance index testing via multiple breath washout, forced oscillation testing/impulse oscillometry, and quantitative chest computed tomography (CT) assessment appear promising as noninvasive modalities to aid in lung disease detection in this population. We also summarize guidance on conducting an occupational and deployment exposure history as well as recommendations for testing. Finally, we discuss the Sergeant First Class Heath Robinson Honoring our Promise to Address Comprehensive Toxics Act of 2022 (PACT Act) that includes a list of health conditions that are "presumptively" considered to be related to SWA military deployment toxic exposures, and provide resources for clinicians who evaluate and treat patients with DRRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silpa D Krefft
- Division of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Veterans Administration Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Lauren M Zell-Baran
- Division of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado
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14
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Enderle I, De Lauzun V, Metten MA, Monperrus M, Delva F, Blanc-Petitjean P, Dananche B, Paris C, Zaros C, Le Lous M, Béranger R, Garlantézec R. Maternal occupational exposure to organic solvents and intrauterine growth in the ELFE cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 224:115187. [PMID: 36587719 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.115187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In developed countries, about 15% of women are occupationally exposed to solvents. Associations between this maternal occupational exposure and intrauterine fetal growth are inconsistent, but almost no existing study has investigated this relation by solvent family (oxygenated, petroleum, and chlorinated), although they may affect fetal growth differently. OBJECTIVES To investigate the relations between maternal occupational solvent exposure, by solvent family, and the risk of neonates born small for gestational age (SGA), or with low birthweight, or with small head circumference (HC). METHODS Among the 18,040 women enrolled in the Elfe rather than included in the Elfe birth cohort, we included 13,026 women who worked during pregnancy (72% of the cohort). Information about maternal occupations and industrial activities during pregnancy was collected by questionnaire at the maternity ward, and completed at 2-month when necessary. Using Matgéné job-exposure matrices, we assessed maternal occupational exposure to solvents. Logistic and multiple linear regressions were used to assess the association between maternal occupational solvent exposure and SGA status, birth weight, and HC. Analyses were conducted for exposure during pregnancy and also stratified by the trimester that pregnancy leave began. RESULTS We observed a higher risk of SGA newborns among mothers occupationally exposed during pregnancy to petroleum solvents (ORadjusted = 1.26; 95%CI: 1.01 to 1.57). Among women working until the third trimester of pregnancy, we observed a higher risk of SGA newborns to those occupationally exposed to oxygenated solvents (ORadjusted = 1.75; 95%CI: 1.11 to 2.75), a significantly lower birthweight for infants of mothers exposed to petroleum solvents (βadjusted = -47.37 g; -89.33 to -5.42), and a lower HC among newborns of those occupationally exposed to oxygenated solvents (βadjusted = -0.28; -0.49 to -0.07) and to chlorinated solvents (βadjusted = -0.29; -0.53 to -0.05). DISCUSSION Our results suggest that maternal occupational solvent exposure may influence fetal growth, especially exposure into the third trimester of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Enderle
- CHU Rennes, Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Anne de Bretagne University Hospital, Rennes, France.
| | - Virginie De Lauzun
- CHU Rennes, Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Marie Astrid Metten
- CHU Rennes, Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Marion Monperrus
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Anne de Bretagne University Hospital, Rennes, France
| | - Fleur Delva
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Team EPICENE, UMR 1219, Bordeaux, F-33000, France
| | - Pauline Blanc-Petitjean
- CHU Rennes, Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Brigitte Dananche
- CHU Rennes, Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Christophe Paris
- CHU Rennes, Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Cécile Zaros
- French Institute for Demographic Studies (Ined), French Institute for Medical Research and Health (Inserm), French Blood Agency, ELFE Joint Unit, F-75020, Paris, France
| | - Maela Le Lous
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Anne de Bretagne University Hospital, Rennes, France
| | - Rémi Béranger
- CHU Rennes, Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Anne de Bretagne University Hospital, Rennes, France
| | - Ronan Garlantézec
- CHU Rennes, Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
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15
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Goutman SA, Boss J, Godwin C, Mukherjee B, Feldman EL, Batterman SA. Occupational history associates with ALS survival and onset segment. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2023; 24:219-229. [PMID: 36193557 PMCID: PMC10067530 DOI: 10.1080/21678421.2022.2127324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify associations between occupational settings and self-reported occupational exposures on amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) survival and phenotypes. METHODS All patients seen in the University of Michigan Pranger ALS Clinic were invited to complete an exposure assessment querying past occupations and exposures. Standard occupational classification (SOC) codes for each job and the severity of various exposure types were derived. Cox proportional hazards models associated all-cause mortality with occupational settings and the self-reported exposures after adjusting for sex, diagnosis age, revised El Escorial criteria, onset segment, revised ALS Functional Rating Scale (ALSFRS-R), and time from symptom onset to diagnosis. Multinomial logistic regression models with three categories, adjusted for age, assessed the association between occupational settings and exposures to onset segment. RESULTS Among the 378 ALS participants (median age, 64.7 years; 54.4% male), poorer survival was associated with work in SOC code "Production Occupations" and marginally with work in "Military Occupation"; poor survival associated with self-reported occupational pesticide exposure in adjusted models. Among onset segments: cervical onset was associated with ALS participants having ever worked in "Buildings and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance Occupations," "Construction and Extraction Occupations," and "Production Occupations"; bulbar onset with self-reported occupational exposure to radiation; and cervical onset with exposure to particulate matter, volatile organic compounds, metals, combustion and diesel exhaust, electromagnetic radiation, and radiation. CONCLUSION Occupational settings and self-reported exposures influence ALS survival and onset segment. Further studies are needed to explore and understand these relationships, most advantageously using prospective cohorts and detailed ALS registries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A Goutman
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- NeuroNetwork for Emerging Therapies, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jonathan Boss
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, and
| | - Christopher Godwin
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Bhramar Mukherjee
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, and
| | - Eva L Feldman
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- NeuroNetwork for Emerging Therapies, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Stuart A Batterman
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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16
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Minucci JM, Purucker ST, Isaacs KK, Wambaugh JF, Phillips KA. A Data-Driven Approach to Estimating Occupational Inhalation Exposure Using Workplace Compliance Data. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:5947-5956. [PMID: 36995295 PMCID: PMC10100548 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c08234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
A growing list of chemicals are approved for production and use in the United States and elsewhere, and new approaches are needed to rapidly assess the potential exposure and health hazard posed by these substances. Here, we present a high-throughput, data-driven approach that will aid in estimating occupational exposure using a database of over 1.5 million observations of chemical concentrations in U.S. workplace air samples. We fit a Bayesian hierarchical model that uses industry type and the physicochemical properties of a substance to predict the distribution of workplace air concentrations. This model substantially outperforms a null model when predicting whether a substance will be detected in an air sample, and if so at what concentration, with 75.9% classification accuracy and a root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 1.00 log10 mg m-3 when applied to a held-out test set of substances. This modeling framework can be used to predict air concentration distributions for new substances, which we demonstrate by making predictions for 5587 new substance-by-workplace-type pairs reported in the US EPA's Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) industrial use database. It also allows for improved consideration of occupational exposure within the context of high-throughput, risk-based chemical prioritization efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey M. Minucci
- Center
for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research
and Development, US Environmental Protection
Agency, 109 TW Alexander Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - S. Thomas Purucker
- Center
for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Office of Research and
Development, US Environmental Protection
Agency, 109 TW Alexander
Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Kristin K. Isaacs
- Center
for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Office of Research and
Development, US Environmental Protection
Agency, 109 TW Alexander
Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - John F. Wambaugh
- Center
for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Office of Research and
Development, US Environmental Protection
Agency, 109 TW Alexander
Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Katherine A. Phillips
- Center
for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Office of Research and
Development, US Environmental Protection
Agency, 109 TW Alexander
Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27709, United States
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17
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Ratanachina J, Amaral AFS, De Matteis S, Lawin H, Mortimer K, Obaseki DO, Harrabi I, Denguezli M, Wouters EFM, Janson C, Nielsen R, Gulsvik A, Cherkaski HH, Mejza F, Mahesh PA, Elsony A, Ahmed R, Tan W, Loh LC, Rashid A, Studnicka M, Nafees AA, Seemungal T, Aquart-Stewart A, Al Ghobain M, Zheng J, Juvekar S, Salvi S, Jogi R, Mannino D, Gislason T, Buist AS, Cullinan P, Burney P. Association of respiratory symptoms and lung function with occupation in the multinational Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) study. Eur Respir J 2023; 61:2200469. [PMID: 36028253 PMCID: PMC9834632 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00469-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease has been associated with exposures in the workplace. We aimed to assess the association of respiratory symptoms and lung function with occupation in the Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease study. METHODS We analysed cross-sectional data from 28 823 adults (≥40 years) in 34 countries. We considered 11 occupations and grouped them by likelihood of exposure to organic dusts, inorganic dusts and fumes. The association of chronic cough, chronic phlegm, wheeze, dyspnoea, forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)/FVC with occupation was assessed, per study site, using multivariable regression. These estimates were then meta-analysed. Sensitivity analyses explored differences between sexes and gross national income. RESULTS Overall, working in settings with potentially high exposure to dusts or fumes was associated with respiratory symptoms but not lung function differences. The most common occupation was farming. Compared to people not working in any of the 11 considered occupations, those who were farmers for ≥20 years were more likely to have chronic cough (OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.19-1.94), wheeze (OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.16-1.63) and dyspnoea (OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.53-2.20), but not lower FVC (β=0.02 L, 95% CI -0.02-0.06 L) or lower FEV1/FVC (β=0.04%, 95% CI -0.49-0.58%). Some findings differed by sex and gross national income. CONCLUSION At a population level, the occupational exposures considered in this study do not appear to be major determinants of differences in lung function, although they are associated with more respiratory symptoms. Because not all work settings were included in this study, respiratory surveillance should still be encouraged among high-risk dusty and fume job workers, especially in low- and middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jate Ratanachina
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Dept of Preventive and Social Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, The Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
- Dept of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Andre F S Amaral
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sara De Matteis
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Dept of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Herve Lawin
- Unit of Teaching and Research in Occupational and Environmental Health, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Kevin Mortimer
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | | | | | | | - Emiel F M Wouters
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Health, Vienna, Austria
- Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Christer Janson
- Respiratory, Allergy and Sleep Research, Dept of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Rune Nielsen
- Dept of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Amund Gulsvik
- Dept of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Filip Mejza
- Center for Evidence Based Medicine, 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Asma Elsony
- The Epidemiological Laboratory, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Rana Ahmed
- The Epidemiological Laboratory, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Wan Tan
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Li Cher Loh
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and University College Dublin Malaysia Campus, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Rashid
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and University College Dublin Malaysia Campus, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Michael Studnicka
- Dept of Pulmonary Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | | | | | | | - Mohammed Al Ghobain
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jinping Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical College, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sanjay Juvekar
- Vadu Rural Health Program, KEM Hospital Research Centre Pune, Pune, India
| | - Sundeep Salvi
- Pulmocare Research and Education Foundation, Pune, India
| | - Rain Jogi
- Lung Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Thorarinn Gislason
- Dept of Sleep, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - A Sonia Buist
- Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Paul Cullinan
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Peter Burney
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Jackson P, Padalkar R, Katagira W, Mortimer K, Rykiel NA, Robertson NM, Pollard SL, Alupo P, Checkley W, Kirenga B, Siddharthan T. Development and validation of an interstitial lung disease exposure questionnaire for sub-Saharan Africa. ERJ Open Res 2022; 8:00205-2022. [PMID: 36578631 PMCID: PMC9792102 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00205-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society guidelines recommend context-specific exposure assessments to diagnose interstitial lung disease (ILD). In sub-Saharan Africa, ILD diagnoses are rare, and locally validated ILD exposure questionnaires are not used. Methods A physician-administered ILD exposure questionnaire was developed using a four-step mixed-methods modified Delphi approach. First, ILD questionnaires from high-income countries and data from Pneumotox were reviewed, compiled and face-validated. Second, a local pilot group of ILD experts ranked item relevance using a Likert scale and suggested additions. Third, the questionnaire format and pilot rankings were addressed in a focus group discussion that was analysed using grounded theory. Finally, following focus group discussion modifications, the resulting items (with three duplicate item groups for evaluation of internal consistency) were ranked for importance by members of the Pan-African Thoracic Society (PATS). Results Face validation resulted in 82 items in four categories: "Smoking and Drugs", "Environmental Exposures", "Occupations" and "Medications". Pilot group (n=10) ranking revealed 27 outliers and 30 novel suggestions. Focus group (n=12) discussion resulted in 10 item deletions, 14 additions and 22 re-wordings; themes included desire for extensive questionnaires and stigma sensitivity. Final validation involved 58 PATS members (mean±sd age 46±10.6 years, 76% male, from 17 countries) ranking 84 items derived from previous steps and three duplicate question groups. The questionnaire was internally consistent (Cronbach's α >0.80) and ultimately included 73 items. Conclusion This mixed-methods study included experts from 17 countries in sub-Saharan Africa and successfully developed a 73-item ILD exposure questionnaire for sub-Saharan Africa. African pulmonary experts valued region-specific additions and ranked several items from existing ILD questionnaires as unimportant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Jackson
- Center for Global Non-Communicable Disease Research and Training, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA,Corresponding author: Peter Jackson ()
| | - Roma Padalkar
- Center for Global Non-Communicable Disease Research and Training, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA,Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, USA
| | | | | | - Natalie A. Rykiel
- Center for Global Non-Communicable Disease Research and Training, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Suzanne L. Pollard
- Center for Global Non-Communicable Disease Research and Training, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Patricia Alupo
- Makerere Lung Institute, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - William Checkley
- Center for Global Non-Communicable Disease Research and Training, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bruce Kirenga
- Makerere Lung Institute, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Trishul Siddharthan
- Center for Global Non-Communicable Disease Research and Training, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
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De Roos AJ, Fritschi L, Ward MH, Monnereau A, Hofmann J, Bernstein L, Bhatti P, Benavente Moreno Y, Benke G, Casabonne D, Clavel J, Cocco P, Huynh T, 't Mannetje A, Miligi L, Piro S, Rothman N, Schinasi LH, Vajdic CM, Wang SS, Zhang Y, Slager SL, Cerhan JR. Herbicide use in farming and other jobs in relation to non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) risk. Occup Environ Med 2022; 79:795-806. [PMID: 36207110 PMCID: PMC9669193 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2022-108371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Given mixed evidence for carcinogenicity of current-use herbicides, we studied the relationship between occupational herbicide use and risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) in a large, pooled study. METHODS We pooled data from 10 case-control studies participating in the International Lymphoma Epidemiology Consortium, including 9229 cases and 9626 controls from North America, the European Union and Australia. Herbicide use was coded from self-report or by expert assessment in the individual studies, for herbicide groups (eg, phenoxy herbicides) and active ingredients (eg, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), glyphosate). The association between each herbicide and NHL risk was estimated using logistic regression to produce ORs and 95% CIs, with adjustment for sociodemographic factors, farming and other pesticides. RESULTS We found no substantial association of all NHL risk with ever-use of any herbicide (OR=1.10, 95% CI: 0.94 to 1.29), nor with herbicide groups or active ingredients. Elevations in risk were observed for NHL subtypes with longer duration of phenoxy herbicide use, such as for any phenoxy herbicide with multiple myeloma (>25.5 years, OR=1.78, 95% CI: 0.74 to 4.27), 2,4-D with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (>25.5 years, OR=1.47, 95% CI: 0.67 to 3.21) and other (non-2,4-D) phenoxy herbicides with T-cell lymphoma (>6 years, lagged 10 years, OR=3.24, 95% CI: 1.03 to 10.2). An association between glyphosate and follicular lymphoma (lagged 10 years: OR=1.48, 95% CI: 0.98 to 2.25) was fairly consistent across analyses. CONCLUSIONS Most of the herbicides examined were not associated with NHL risk. However, associations of phenoxy herbicides and glyphosate with particular NHL subtypes underscore the importance of estimating subtype-specific risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneclaire J De Roos
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lin Fritschi
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Mary H Ward
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Alain Monnereau
- Registre des Hémopathies Malignes de la Gironde, Institut Bergonié, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Epidemiology of Childhood and Adolescent Cancers Group, Center of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS), INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Jonathan Hofmann
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Leslie Bernstein
- Division of Biomarkers of Early Detection and Prevention, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Parveen Bhatti
- Cancer Control Research, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yolanda Benavente Moreno
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Institut Català d'Oncologia (ICO)/Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Geza Benke
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Delphine Casabonne
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Institut Català d'Oncologia (ICO)/Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jacqueline Clavel
- Epidemiology of Childhood and Adolescent Cancers Group, Center of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS), INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Pierluigi Cocco
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, Division of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Tran Huynh
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrea 't Mannetje
- Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Lucia Miligi
- Environmental and Occupational Epidemiology Branch, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Sara Piro
- Environmental and Occupational Epidemiology Branch, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Nathaniel Rothman
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Leah H Schinasi
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Claire M Vajdic
- The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sophia S Wang
- Division of Health Analytics, Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Yawei Zhang
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Susan L Slager
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Division of Computational Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - James R Cerhan
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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20
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Fenton S, Rydz E, Demers PA, Peters CE. Prevalence and Level of Occupational Exposure to Asbestos in Canada in 2016. Ann Work Expo Health 2022; 67:536-545. [PMID: 36383235 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxac077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objective
Asbestos use has decreased over time but occupational exposure still exists today due to the presence of asbestos in older buildings. The objective of this study was to update CAREX Canada’s prevalence of exposure estimate from 2006 to 2016, and to assess the level of occupational exposure by industry, occupation, province/territory, and sex.
Methods
Estimates by occupation, industry, province/territory, and sex were calculated using labor force data from the 2016 Census of Population and proportions of workers exposed by occupation and industry, which were previously developed for the 2006 estimates and updated here to reflect new knowledge and changes in exposures. Statistics Canada concordance tables were used to account for changes between the 2006 and 2016 job and industry coding systems. Expert assessment was used to qualitatively assign levels of exposure (low, moderate, or high) for each occupation and industry, with consideration of workers’ proximity and access to asbestos-containing material, and the condition and content of asbestos.
Results
Approximately 235 000 workers are exposed to asbestos on the job in Canada. The majority of Canadian workers exposed to asbestos are male (89%). Only 5% of all exposed workers are in the high-exposure category, while most workers are in the low (49%) or moderate (46%) exposure categories. The construction sector and associated jobs (e.g. carpenters, trades helpers and laborers, electricians) accounted for the majority of exposed workers.
Conclusions
Occupational exposure to asbestos continues to occur in Canada. Updating the prevalence of exposure estimate and adding exposure levels highlights the shift from high to lower-lever exposures associated with asbestos-containing materials remaining in the built environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby Fenton
- CAREX Canada, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3 , Canada
- Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr NW , Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4 , Canada
| | - Ela Rydz
- CAREX Canada, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3 , Canada
| | - Paul A Demers
- Occupational Cancer Research Centre (OCRC), Ontario Health , Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X3 , Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario M5T 3M7 , Canada
| | - Cheryl E Peters
- CAREX Canada, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3 , Canada
- Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr NW , Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4 , Canada
- Population and Public Health, British Columbia Centre for Disease Control , Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4R4 , Canada
- Prevention, Screening and Hereditary Cancer Program, BC Cancer , Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1G1 , Canada
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Rai R, Fritschi L, Glass DC, Dorji N, El-Zaemey S. Comparison of agreement in asthmagen exposure assessments between rule-based automatic algorithms and a job exposure matrix in healthcare workers in Australia and Bhutan. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:2089. [DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14514-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background:
Assessment of occupational exposures is an integral component of population-based studies investigating the epidemiology of occupational diseases. However, all the available methods for exposure assessment have been developed, tested and used in high-income countries. Except for a few studies examining pesticide exposures, there is limited research on whether these methods are appropriate for assessing exposure in LMICs. The aim of this study is to compare a task-specific algorithm-based method (OccIDEAS) to a job-specific matrix method (OAsJEM) in the assessment of asthmagen exposures among healthcare workers in a high-income country and a low- and middle- income country (LMIC) to determine an appropriate assessment method for use in LMICs for future research.
Methods:
Data were obtained from a national cross-sectional survey of occupational asthmagens exposure in Australia and a cross-sectional survey of occupational chemical exposure among Bhutanese healthcare workers. Exposure was assessed using OccIDEAS and the OAsJEM. Prevalence of exposure to asthmagens and inter-rater agreement were calculated.
Results:
In Australia, the prevalence was higher for a majority of agents when assessed by OccIDEAS than by the OAsJEM (13 versus 3). OccIDEAS identified exposures to a greater number of agents (16 versus 7). The agreement as indicated by κ (Cohen’s Kappa coefficient) for six of the seven agents assessed was poor to fair (0.02 to 0.37). In Bhutan, the prevalence of exposure assessed by OccIDEAS was higher for four of the seven agents and κ was poor for all the four agents assessed (-0.06 to 0.13). The OAsJEM overestimated exposures to high-level disinfectants by assigning exposures to all participants from 10 (Bhutan) and 12 (Australia) ISCO-88 codes; whereas OccIDEAS assigned exposures to varying proportions of participants from these ISCO-codes.
Conclusion:
There was poor to fair agreement in the assessment of asthmagen exposure in healthcare workers between the two methods. The OAsJEM overestimated the prevalence of certain exposures. As compared to the OAsJEM, OccIDEAS appeared to be more appropriate for evaluating cross-country exposures to asthmagens in healthcare workers due to its inherent quality of assessing task-based determinants and its versatility in being adaptable for use in different countries with different exposure circumstances.
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22
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Cabréra L, Auguste A, Michineau L, Joachim C, Deloumeaux J, Luce D. Lung Cancer in the French West Indies: Role of Sugarcane Work and Other Occupational Exposures. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13444. [PMID: 36294021 PMCID: PMC9603435 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our aim was to study the role of occupational exposures in lung cancer risk in the French West Indies, with special attention to some specific activities, such as sugarcane work, that can only be studied in a limited number of populations. METHODS We used data from a population-based case-control study that included 147 incident lung cancer cases and 405 controls. Smoking histories and detailed occupational histories with descriptions of tasks and substances were collected by questionnaire during face-to-face interviews. Odds ratios (OR) adjusted for sex, age, region, smoking status, and cigarette pack-years and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated by unconditional logistic regression. RESULTS Significantly increased risks of lung cancer were found in sugarcane farm workers (OR = 2.7; 95% CI 1.1-6.6) and more generally in the sugarcane-growing sector (OR = 2.5; 95% CI 1.0-6.3) and to a lesser extent in rum production. Elevated risks of lung cancer were also observed among other agricultural workers, painters, warehouse porters, labourers, and maintenance and motor vehicle repair workers. Exposure to herbicides in sugarcane cultivation was associated with an increased risk of lung cancer (OR = 2.6; 95% CI 0.9-7.6). CONCLUSION These results show that occupational exposures contributed to lung cancer risk in the French West Indies, and highlighted the role of exposures related to sugarcane work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léïla Cabréra
- Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail)-UMR_S 1085, EHESP, Inserm, Univ Rennes, F-97100 Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Aviane Auguste
- Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail)-UMR_S 1085, EHESP, Inserm, Univ Rennes, F-97100 Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Léah Michineau
- Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail)-UMR_S 1085, EHESP, Inserm, Univ Rennes, F-97100 Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Clarisse Joachim
- Martinique Cancer Registry, UF 1441 Registre des cancers, Pôle de Cancérologie Hématologie Urologie Pathologie, University Hospital of Martinique, F-97200 Fort-de-France, Martinique, France
| | - Jacqueline Deloumeaux
- General Cancer Registry of Guadeloupe, University Hospital of Guadeloupe, F-97100 Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Danièle Luce
- Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail)-UMR_S 1085, EHESP, Inserm, Univ Rennes, F-97100 Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France
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23
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Ahmadi S, Guth M, Coste A, Bouaoun L, Danjou A, Lefevre M, Dananché B, Praud D, Van Tongeren M, Bujan L, Pérol O, Schüz J, Charbotel B, Fervers B, Olsson A. Paternal Occupational Exposure to Heavy Metals and Welding Fumes and Testicular Germ Cell Tumours in Sons in France. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:4962. [PMID: 36230885 PMCID: PMC9564333 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Testicular cancer is the most common cancer in young men. Its causes are largely unknown, although prenatal occupational and environmental exposures have been suggested. We investigated paternal occupational exposure to heavy metals and welding fumes and the risk of testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT) in their offspring. A total of 454 cases and 670 controls were included from a French nationwide case-control study. The INTEROCC job exposure matrix was used to assign occupational exposures (cadmium, chromium, iron, nickel, lead, and welding fumes) to the fathers' jobs. Odds ratios (ORs) for TGCT were estimated using conditional logistic regression models for frequency-matched sets. Three complementary analytical approaches were used: (1) single-agent analysis, (2) analysis by groups, and (3) principal component analysis (PCA). The proportion of paternal exposure to different heavy metals and welding fumes ranged from 0.7% (cadmium) to 11.3% (lead). Based on PCA, three principal components explained 93.5% of the cumulative variance. No associations were found between heavy metals or welding fumes and TGCT. In this study, paternal occupational exposure to heavy metals or welding fumes was not associated with TGCT development in their sons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shukrullah Ahmadi
- Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer IARC/WHO, 150 cours Albert Thomas, CEDEX 08, 69372 Lyon, France
| | - Margot Guth
- UMRESTTE, UMR T 9405, IFSTTAR, Lyon 1 University, Eiffel University, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Astrid Coste
- Département Prévention, Cancer et Environnement, Centre Léon Bérard, 69008 Lyon, France
- INSERM UMR1296 Radiation: Defense, Health, Environment, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Liacine Bouaoun
- Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer IARC/WHO, 150 cours Albert Thomas, CEDEX 08, 69372 Lyon, France
| | - Aurélie Danjou
- Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer IARC/WHO, 150 cours Albert Thomas, CEDEX 08, 69372 Lyon, France
| | - Marie Lefevre
- UMRESTTE, UMR T 9405, IFSTTAR, Lyon 1 University, Eiffel University, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Brigitte Dananché
- INSERM UMR1296 Radiation: Defense, Health, Environment, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Delphine Praud
- Département Prévention, Cancer et Environnement, Centre Léon Bérard, 69008 Lyon, France
- INSERM UMR1296 Radiation: Defense, Health, Environment, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Martie Van Tongeren
- Centre for Human Exposure Science, Institute of Occupational Medicine (IOM), Research Avenue North, Riccarton, Edinburgh EH14 4AP, UK
| | - Louis Bujan
- DEFE (Développement Embryonnaire, Fertilité, Environnement) INSERM 1203, Universités Montpellier et Toulouse 3, 31000 Toulouse, France
- CECOS Hôpital Paule de Viguier, CHU de Toulouse, 31059 Toulouse, France
- Fédération Française des CECOS, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Olivia Pérol
- Département Prévention, Cancer et Environnement, Centre Léon Bérard, 69008 Lyon, France
- INSERM UMR1296 Radiation: Defense, Health, Environment, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Joachim Schüz
- Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer IARC/WHO, 150 cours Albert Thomas, CEDEX 08, 69372 Lyon, France
| | - Barbara Charbotel
- UMRESTTE, UMR T 9405, IFSTTAR, Lyon 1 University, Eiffel University, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Béatrice Fervers
- Département Prévention, Cancer et Environnement, Centre Léon Bérard, 69008 Lyon, France
- INSERM UMR1296 Radiation: Defense, Health, Environment, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Ann Olsson
- Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer IARC/WHO, 150 cours Albert Thomas, CEDEX 08, 69372 Lyon, France
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24
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Past Asbestos Exposure in Rolling Stock Manufacturing in the Absence of Environmental Monitoring: An Original Method. J Occup Environ Med 2022; 64:e635-e640. [DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Pallier PN, Ferrara M, Romagnolo F, Ferretti MT, Soreq H, Cerase A. Chromosomal and environmental contributions to sex differences in the vulnerability to neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders: Implications for therapeutic interventions. Prog Neurobiol 2022; 219:102353. [PMID: 36100191 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2022.102353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders affect men and women differently. Multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, anxiety disorders, depression, meningiomas and late-onset schizophrenia affect women more frequently than men. By contrast, Parkinson's disease, autism spectrum condition, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, Tourette's syndrome, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and early-onset schizophrenia are more prevalent in men. Women have been historically under-recruited or excluded from clinical trials, and most basic research uses male rodent cells or animals as disease models, rarely studying both sexes and factoring sex as a potential source of variation, resulting in a poor understanding of the underlying biological reasons for sex and gender differences in the development of such diseases. Putative pathophysiological contributors include hormones and epigenetics regulators but additional biological and non-biological influences may be at play. We review here the evidence for the underpinning role of the sex chromosome complement, X chromosome inactivation, and environmental and epigenetic regulators in sex differences in the vulnerability to brain disease. We conclude that there is a pressing need for a better understanding of the genetic, epigenetic and environmental mechanisms sustaining sex differences in such diseases, which is critical for developing a precision medicine approach based on sex-tailored prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick N Pallier
- Blizard Institute, Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK.
| | - Maria Ferrara
- Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; Women's Brain Project (WBP), Switzerland
| | - Francesca Romagnolo
- Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Hermona Soreq
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center of Brain Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
| | - Andrea Cerase
- EMBL-Rome, Via Ramarini 32, 00015 Monterotondo, RM, Italy; Blizard Institute, Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK; Department of Biology, University of Pisa, SS12 Abetone e Brennero 4, 56127 Pisa, Italy.
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26
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Goutman SA, Boss J, Godwin C, Mukherjee B, Feldman EL, Batterman SA. Associations of self-reported occupational exposures and settings to ALS: a case-control study. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2022; 95:1567-1586. [PMID: 35593931 PMCID: PMC9424174 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-022-01874-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental exposures contribute to the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a fatal and progressive neurological disease. Identification of these exposures is important for targeted screening and risk factor modification. OBJECTIVE To identify occupational exposures that are associated with a higher risk of ALS using both survey and standard occupational classification (SOC) coding procedures, and to highlight how exposure surveys can complement SOC coding. METHODS ALS participants and neurologically healthy controls recruited in Michigan completed a detailed exposure assessment on their four most recent and longest held occupations. Exposure scores were generated from the exposure survey, and occupations were assigned to SOC codes by experienced exposure scientists. RESULTS This study included 381 ALS and 272 control participants. ALS participants reported higher duration-adjusted occupational exposure to particulate matter (OR = 1.45, 95% CI 1.19-1.78, p < 0.001), volatile organic compounds (OR = 1.22, 95% CI 1.02-1.45, p = 0.029), metals (OR = 1.48, 95% CI 1.21-1.82, p < 0.001), and combustion and diesel exhaust pollutants (OR = 1.20, 95% CI 1.01-1.43, p = 0.041) prior to ALS diagnosis, when adjusted for sex, age, and military service compared to controls. In multivariable models, only occupational exposure to metals remained significant risk (OR = 1.56, 95% CI 1.11-2.20, p = 0.011), although in an adaptive elastic net model, particulate matter (OR = 1.203), pesticides (OR = 1.015), and metals (1.334) were all selected as risk factors. Work in SOC code "Production Occupations" was associated with a higher ALS risk. SOC codes "Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance Occupations", "Construction and Extraction Occupations", "Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Occupations", and "Production Occupations" were all associated with a higher exposure to metals as determined using survey data. DISCUSSION Occupational exposure to particulate matter, volatile organic compounds, metals, pesticides, and combustion and diesel exhaust and employment in "Production Occupations" was associated with an increased ALS risk in this cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A Goutman
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5223, USA.
- NeuroNetwork for Emerging Therapies, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Jonathan Boss
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Christopher Godwin
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Bhramar Mukherjee
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Eva L Feldman
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5223, USA
- NeuroNetwork for Emerging Therapies, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Stuart A Batterman
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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27
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Xu M, Ho V, Lavoue J, Richardson L, Siemiatycki J. Concordance of Occupational Exposure Assessment between the Canadian Job-Exposure Matrix (CANJEM) and Expert Assessment of Jobs Held by Women. Ann Work Expo Health 2022; 66:728-740. [PMID: 35258522 PMCID: PMC9250288 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxac008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the exposure data generated by using the Canadian job-exposure matrix (CANJEM) with data generated by expert assessment, for jobs held by women. METHODS We selected 69 occupational agents that had been assessed by experts for each of 3403 jobs held by 998 women in a population-based case-control study of lung cancer. We then assessed the same agents among the same jobs by linking their occupation codes to CANJEM and thereby derived probability of exposure to each of the agents in each job. To create binary exposure variables, we dichotomized probability of exposure using two cutpoints: 25 and 50% (referred to as CANJEM-25% and CANJEM-50%). Using jobs as units of observation, we estimated the prevalence of exposure to each selected agent using CANJEM-25% and CANJEM-50%, and using expert assessment. Further, using expert assessment as the gold standard, for each agent, we estimated CANJEM's sensitivity, specificity, and kappa. RESULTS CANJEM-based prevalence estimates correlated well with the prevalences assessed by the experts. When comparing CANJEM-based exposure estimates with expert-based exposure estimates, sensitivity, specificity, and kappa varied greatly among agents, and between CANJEM-25% and CANJEM-50% probability of exposure. With CANJEM-25%, the median sensitivity, specificity, and kappa values were 0.49, 0.99, and 0.46, respectively. Analogously, with CANJEM-50%, the corresponding values were 0.26, 1.00, and 0.35, respectively. For the following agents, we observed high concordance between CANJEM- and expert-based assessments (sensitivity ≥0.70 and specificity ≥0.99): fabric dust, cotton dust, synthetic fibres, cooking fumes, soldering fumes, calcium carbonate, and tin compounds. We present concordance estimates for each of 69 agents. CONCLUSIONS Concordance between CANJEM and expert assessment varied greatly by agents. Our results indicate which agents provide data that mimic best those obtained with expert assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Xu
- Health Innovation and Evaluation Hub, CRCHUM (Centre de recherche du CHUM), University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Vikki Ho
- Health Innovation and Evaluation Hub, CRCHUM (Centre de recherche du CHUM), University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jerome Lavoue
- Health Innovation and Evaluation Hub, CRCHUM (Centre de recherche du CHUM), University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Lesley Richardson
- Health Innovation and Evaluation Hub, CRCHUM (Centre de recherche du CHUM), University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jack Siemiatycki
- Health Innovation and Evaluation Hub, CRCHUM (Centre de recherche du CHUM), University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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28
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Olsson A, Guha N, Bouaoun L, Kromhout H, Peters S, Siemiatycki J, Ho V, Gustavsson P, Boffetta P, Vermeulen R, Behrens T, Brüning T, Kendzia B, Guénel P, Luce D, Karrasch S, Wichmann HE, Consonni D, Landi MT, Caporaso NE, Merletti F, Mirabelli D, Richiardi L, Jöckel KH, Ahrens W, Pohlabeln H, Tardón A, Zaridze D, Field JK, Lissowska J, Świątkowska B, McLaughlin JR, Demers PA, Bencko V, Foretova L, Janout V, Pándics T, Fabianova E, Mates D, Forastiere F, Bueno-de-Mesquita B, Schüz J, Straif K. Occupational Exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Lung Cancer Risk: Results from a Pooled Analysis of Case-Control Studies (SYNERGY). Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022; 31:1433-1441. [PMID: 35437574 PMCID: PMC9377765 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-21-1428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) occurs widely in occupational settings. We investigated the association between occupational exposure to PAH and lung cancer risk and joint effects with smoking within the SYNERGY project. METHODS We pooled 14 case-control studies with information on lifetime occupational and smoking histories conducted between 1985 and 2010 in Europe and Canada. Exposure to benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) was used as a proxy of PAH and estimated from a quantitative general population job-exposure matrix. Multivariable unconditional logistic regression models, adjusted for smoking and exposure to other occupational lung carcinogens, estimated ORs, and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS We included 16,901 lung cancer cases and 20,965 frequency-matched controls. Adjusted OR for PAH exposure (ever) was 1.08 (CI, 1.02-1.15) in men and 1.20 (CI, 1.04-1.38) in women. When stratified by smoking status and histologic subtype, the OR for cumulative exposure ≥0.24 BaP μg/m3-years in men was higher in never smokers overall [1.31 (CI, 0.98-1.75)], for small cell [2.53 (CI, 1.28-4.99)] and squamous cell cancers [1.33 (CI, 0.80-2.21)]. Joint effects between PAH and smoking were observed. Restricting analysis to the most recent studies showed no increased risk. CONCLUSIONS Elevated lung cancer risk associated with PAH exposure was observed in both sexes, particularly for small cell and squamous cell cancers, after accounting for cigarette smoking and exposure to other occupational lung carcinogens. IMPACT The lack of association between PAH and lung cancer in more recent studies merits further research under today's exposure conditions and worker protection measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Olsson
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Neela Guha
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland, California
| | - Liacine Bouaoun
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Hans Kromhout
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Susan Peters
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jack Siemiatycki
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Vikki Ho
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Per Gustavsson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas Behrens
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - Thomas Brüning
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - Benjamin Kendzia
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - Pascal Guénel
- Center for research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Exposome and Heredity team, Inserm U1018, University Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Danièle Luce
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | - Stefan Karrasch
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC-M), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Heinz-Erich Wichmann
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institut für Medizinische Informatik Biometrie Epidemiologie, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Dario Consonni
- Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Landi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Neil E Caporaso
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Franco Merletti
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Dario Mirabelli
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Richiardi
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Karl-Heinz Jöckel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Ahrens
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
- Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Institute of Statistics, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Hermann Pohlabeln
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Adonina Tardón
- Department of Public Health, University of Oviedo. ISPA and CIBERESP, Oviedo, Spain
| | - David Zaridze
- Department of cancer epidemiology and Prevention, N.N. Blokhin National Research Centre of oncology, Moscow, Russia
| | - John K Field
- Roy Castle Lung Cancer Research Programme, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Jolanta Lissowska
- Epidemiology Unit, Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, M. Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Świątkowska
- Department of Environmental Epidemiology, The Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland
| | - John R McLaughlin
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Paul A Demers
- Occupational Cancer Research Centre, Ontario Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Vladimir Bencko
- Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | | | - Vladimir Janout
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | | | - Eleonora Fabianova
- Regional Authority of Public Health, Banská Bystrica, Slovakia
- Faculty of Health, Catholic University, Ružomberok, Slovakia
| | - Dana Mates
- National Institute of Public Health, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita
- Former senior scientist, Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Joachim Schüz
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Kurt Straif
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Boston College, Massachusetts
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Stewart PA, Gorman Ng M, Cherrie JW, Jones A, Kwok RK, Blair A, Engel LS, Sandler DP, Stenzel MR. Estimation of Dermal Exposure to Oil Spill Response and Clean-up Workers after the Deepwater Horizon Disaster. Ann Work Expo Health 2022; 66:i234-i246. [PMID: 34642740 PMCID: PMC8989031 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxab073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The GuLF STUDY is investigating health outcomes associated with oil spill-related chemical exposures among workers involved in the spill response and clean-up following the Deepwater Horizon disaster. Due to the lack of dermal exposure measurements, we estimated dermal exposures using a deterministic model, which we customized from a previously published model. Workers provided information on the frequency of contact with oil, tar, chemical dispersants applied to the oil spill and sea water, as well as the use of protective equipment, by job/activity/task. Professional judgment by industrial hygienists served as a source of information for other model variables. The model estimated dermal exposures to total hydrocarbons (THC), benzene, ethylbenzene, toluene, xylene, n-hexane (BTEX-H), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and dispersants in GuLF DREAM units (GDUs). Arithmetic means (AMs) of THC exposure estimates across study participants ranged from <0.02 to 5.50 GDUs for oil and <0.02 to 142.14 GDUs for tar. Statistical differences in the estimates were observed among the AMs of the estimates for some broad groups of worker activities over time and for some time periods across the broad groups of activities. N-Hexane had ranges similar to THC for oil exposures (e.g. AMs up to 2.22 GDUs) but not for tar (up to 5.56 GDUs). Benzene, ethylbenzene, toluene, and xylene, in contrast, were characterized by higher exposure levels than THC for oil (AMs up to 12.77, 12.17, 17.45, and 36.77 GDUs, respectively) but lower levels than THC to tar (AMs up to 3.69, 11.65, 42.37, and 88.18 GDUs, respectively). For PAHs, the AMs were as high as 219.31 and 587.98 for oil and tar, respectively. Correlations of these seven substances to each other were high (>0.9) for most of the substances in oil but were lower for some of the substances in tar. These data were linked to the study participants to allow investigation of adverse health effects that may be related to dermal exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A Stewart
- Stewart Exposure Assessments, LLC, 6045 N. 27th. St., Arlington, VA 22207, USA
| | - Melanie Gorman Ng
- School of Population and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, 3rd Floor, 2206 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - John W Cherrie
- Insititue of Occupational Medicine, Research Avenue North, Riccarton, Edinburgh EH14 4AP, UK
| | - Anna Jones
- Public Health Sciences, Social & Scientific Systems, Inc., a DLH Holdings Company, 4505 Emperor Blvd, Suite 400, Durham, NC 27703, USA
| | - Richard K Kwok
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive – MD A3-05, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
- Office of the Director, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Aaron Blair
- National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lawrence S Engel
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive – MD A3-05, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Dale P Sandler
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive – MD A3-05, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Mark R Stenzel
- Exposure Assessment Applications, LLC, 6045 N. 27th. St., Arlington, VA 22207, USA
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Stewart P, Groth CP, Huynh TB, Gorman Ng M, Pratt GC, Arnold SF, Ramachandran G, Banerjee S, Cherrie JW, Christenbury K, Kwok RK, Blair A, Engel LS, Sandler DP, Stenzel MR. Assessing Exposures from the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill Response and Clean-up. Ann Work Expo Health 2022; 66:i3-i22. [PMID: 35390131 PMCID: PMC8989041 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxab107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The GuLF Study is investigating adverse health effects from work on the response and clean-up after the Deepwater Horizon explosion and oil release. An essential and necessary component of that study was the exposure assessment. Bayesian statistical methods and over 135 000 measurements of total hydrocarbons (THC), benzene, ethylbenzene, toluene, xylene, and n-hexane (BTEX-H) were used to estimate inhalation exposures to these chemicals for >3400 exposure groups (EGs) formed from three exposure determinants: job/activity/task, location, and time period. Recognized deterministic models were used to estimate airborne exposures to particulate matter sized 2.5 µm or less (PM2.5) and dispersant aerosols and vapors. Dermal exposures were estimated for these same oil-related substances using a model modified especially for this study from a previously published model. Exposures to oil mist were assessed using professional judgment. Estimated daily THC arithmetic means (AMs) were in the low ppm range (<25 ppm), whereas BTEX-H exposures estimates were generally <1000 ppb. Potential 1-h PM2.5 air concentrations experienced by some workers may have been as high as 550 µg m-3. Dispersant aerosol air concentrations were very low (maximum predicted 1-h concentrations were generally <50 µg m-3), but vapor concentrations may have exceeded occupational exposure excursion guidelines for 2-butoxyethanol under certain circumstances. The daily AMs of dermal exposure estimates showed large contrasts among the study participants. The estimates are being used to evaluate exposure-response relationships in the GuLF Study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Stewart
- Stewart Exposure Assessments, LLC, 6045 N. 27th. St., Arlington, VA 22207, USA,Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +0/703-534-2956; e-mail:
| | - Caroline P Groth
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, One Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Tran B Huynh
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, 3215 Market St., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Melanie Gorman Ng
- School of Population and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, 3rd Floor, 2206 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3Canada
| | - Gregory C Pratt
- Division of Environmental Health, University of Minnesota, School of Public Health, 420 Delaware St. S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Susan F Arnold
- Division of Environmental Health, University of Minnesota, School of Public Health, 420 Delaware St. S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Gurumurthy Ramachandran
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 615 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21205, USA,Department of Biostatistics, Suite: 51-254 CHS. UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, 650 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1772, USA
| | - Sudipto Banerjee
- Department of Biostatistics, Suite: 51-254 CHS. UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, 650 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1772, USA
| | - John W Cherrie
- Insitute of Occupational Medicine, Research Avenue North, Riccarton, Edinburgh, Midlothian EH14 4AP, UK
| | - Kate Christenbury
- Public Health Sciences, Social and Scientific Systems Inc., a DLH Holdings Company, 4505 Emperor Blvd, Suite 400, Durham, NC 27703, USA
| | - Richard K Kwok
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive – MD A3-05, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA,Office of the Director, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Aaron Blair
- National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Building 9609 MSC 9760, Bethesda, MD 20892-9760, USA
| | - Lawrence S Engel
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive – MD A3-05, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA,Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, 35 Dauer Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Dale P Sandler
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive – MD A3-05, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Mark R Stenzel
- Exposure Assessment Applications, LLC, 6045 N. 27th. St., Arlington, VA 22207, USA
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31
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Mutetwa B, Moyo D, Brouwer D. Job Exposure Matrix for Chrysotile Asbestos Fibre in the Asbestos Cement Manufacturing (ACM) Industry in Zimbabwe. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:2680. [PMID: 35270373 PMCID: PMC8909927 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Occupational chrysotile asbestos exposure data in Zimbabwe is limited. The aim of this study was therefore to develop a job exposure matrix (JEM) specific to the chrysotile asbestos cement manufacturing industry using the available personal exposure concentration data. Quantitative personal exposure chrysotile fibre concentration data collected by the two factories from 1996 to 2020 were used to construct the JEM. Exposure groups from which data was extracted were classified based on the Zimbabwe Standard Classification of Occupations (ZSCO), 2009-2019. Analysis of amphiboles in raw chrysotile was done by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Descriptive statistics, namely mean, standard deviation and range were computed for the main variable, job/occupation. All jobs/occupations in both factories had annual mean personal exposure concentrations exceeding the OEL of 0.1 f/mL, except for the period from 2009 to 2016 in the Harare factory and the period from 2009 to 2020 in the Bulawayo factory. Despite the Harare factory having no AC manufacturing activity since 2017, personal exposure concentrations showed elevated levels for the period 2018-2020. Amphiboles were detected in almost all bulk samples of chrysotile asbestos analysed. The established JEM, which has been generated from actual local quantitative exposure measurements, can be used in evaluating historical exposure to chrysotile asbestos fibre, to better understand and predict occurrence of ARDs in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Mutetwa
- Faculty of Health Sciences School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa; (D.M.); (D.B.)
| | - Dingani Moyo
- Faculty of Health Sciences School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa; (D.M.); (D.B.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Midland State University, Gweru 054, Zimbabwe
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Science and Technology, Bulawayo 029, Zimbabwe
| | - Derk Brouwer
- Faculty of Health Sciences School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa; (D.M.); (D.B.)
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Occupation and prostate Cancer risk: results from the epidemiological study of prostate cancer (EPICAP). J Occup Med Toxicol 2022; 17:5. [PMID: 35130905 PMCID: PMC8819870 DOI: 10.1186/s12995-022-00346-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although prostate cancer (PCa) is the most frequent male cancer in industrialized countries, little is known about its aetiology. The literature has suggested an influence of the environment, including occupational exposures, but results are inconsistent. In this context, we investigated PCa risk associated to employment among several occupations using data from EPICAP study. Methods EPICAP is a French population-based case-control study including 819 PCa incident cases and 879 controls frequency-matched on age. In-person interviews gathered data on potential risk factors and lifetime occupational histories for each job held at least 6 months. Then, occupations were coded using ISCO 68. Unconditional logistic regressions were performed to assess the association between occupations (ever occupied and by duration) and PCa risk, whether all and aggressive, after adjusting for potential confounders. Results For ≥10 years of employment, we found positive associations with PCa, whether overall and aggressive, among Medical, Dental and Veterinary workers (OR (odds ratios) =5.01 [95% confidence interval] [1.27; 19.77]), Members of the armed forces (OR = 5.14 [0.99; 26.71]) and Fishermen, hunters and related workers (OR = 4.58 [1.33; 15.78]); whether overall and non-aggressive PCa, among Legislative officials and Government administrators (OR = 3.30 [1.10; 9.84]) or Managers (OR = 1.68 [1.18; 2.41]); however a negative association, whether overall and non-aggressive PCa, among Material-Handling and Related Equipment Operators, Dockers and Freight Handlers (OR = 0.40 [0.17; 0.97]). Conclusion Excess PCa risks were observed in the EPICAP study mostly among white collar workers exposed to several factors in their work environment. These emerging associations can be used to lead future research investigating specific occupational exposures. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12995-022-00346-2.
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Hung F, Hofmann JN, Josse PR, Locke SJ, Stapleton EM, Andreotti G, Deziel NC, Beane Freeman LE, Friesen MC. Observed vs. self-reported agricultural activities: Evaluating 24-hr recall in a pilot study. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE 2022; 19:87-90. [PMID: 34895098 PMCID: PMC9756316 DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2021.2015074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have evaluated the validity of self-report of work activities because of challenges in obtaining objective measures. In this study, farmers' recall of the previous day's agricultural activities was compared to activities observed by field staff during air monitoring. Recall was assessed in 32 farmers from the Biomarkers of Exposure and Effect in Agriculture Study, a subset of a prospective cohort study. The farmers participated in 56 visits that comprised air monitoring the day before an interview. The answers for 14 agricultural activities were compared to activities observed by field staff during air monitoring (median duration 380 min, range 129-486). For each task, evaluated as yes/no, overall agreement, sensitivity, specificity, and kappa were calculated. Median prevalence of the 14 activities was 8% from observation and 13% from participants (range: 2-54%). Agreement was generally good to perfect, with a median overall agreement of 95% (range: 89-100%), median sensitivity of 84% (50-100%), median specificity of 95% (88-100%), and median kappa of 0.65 (0.31-1.0). Reasons for disagreement included activities occurring when the field staff was not present (i.e., milking cows), unclear timing notes that made it difficult to determine whether the activity occurred the day of and/or day before the interview, definition issues (i.e., participant included hauling in the definition of harvesting), and difficulty in observing details of an activity (i.e., whether hay was moldy). This study provides support for accurate participant recall the day after activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicia Hung
- Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jonathan N Hofmann
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Pabitra R Josse
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Sarah J Locke
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Emma M Stapleton
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Gabriella Andreotti
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Nicole C Deziel
- Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Laura E Beane Freeman
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Melissa C Friesen
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
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Spinder N, Bergman JEH, van Tongeren M, Boezen HM, Kromhout H, de Walle HEK. Maternal occupational exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals and urogenital anomalies in the offspring. Hum Reprod 2021; 37:142-151. [PMID: 34741174 PMCID: PMC8730314 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deab205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Is there an association between maternal occupational exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) early in pregnancy and subgroups of congenital anomalies of kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT), and hypospadias? SUMMARY ANSWER Exposure to specific EDCs can increase the risk of CAKUT and no association with hypospadias was observed. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Previous studies showed an association between maternal occupational exposure to EDCs and hypospadias. However, little is known about the effect of these chemicals on the development of CAKUT, especially subgroups of urinary tract anomalies. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION For this case-control study, cases with urogenital anomalies from the European Concerted Action on Congenital Anomalies and Twins Northern Netherlands (Eurocat NNL) registry and non-malformed controls from the Lifelines children cohort (living in the same catchment region as Eurocat NNL) born between 1997 and 2013 were selected. This study included 530 cases with CAKUT, 364 cases with hypospadias, 7 cases with both a urinary tract anomaly and hypospadias and 5602 non-malformed controls. Cases with a genetic or chromosomal anomaly were excluded, and to avoid genetic correlation, we also excluded cases in which a sibling with the same defect was included. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Information on maternal occupation held early in pregnancy was collected via self-administered questionnaires. Job titles were translated into occupational exposure to EDCs using a job-exposure matrix (JEM). Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% CIs were estimated to assess the association between maternal occupational exposure to EDCs (and to specific types of EDCs) and CAKUT and hypospadias. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE For CAKUT and hypospadias, 23.1% and 22.9% of the cases were exposed to EDCs, respectively, whereas 19.8% of the controls were exposed. We found an association between maternal occupational exposure to organic solvents/alkylphenolic compounds and CAKUT (aOR 1.41, 95% CI 1.01-1.97) that became stronger when combinations of urinary tract anomalies co-occurred with other defects (aOR 7.51, 95% CI 2.41-23.43). An association was also observed for exposure to phthalates/benzophenones/parabens/siloxanes and CAKUT (aOR 1.56, 95% CI 1.06-2.29), specifically urinary collecting system anomalies (aOR 1.62, 95% CI 1.03-2.54) and combinations of urinary tract anomalies (aOR 2.90, 95% CI 1.09-7.71). We observed no association between EDC exposure and hypospadias. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The different study designs of Eurocat NNL and Lifelines could have introduced differential information bias. Also, exposure misclassification could be an issue: it is possible that the actual exposure differed from the exposure estimated by the JEM. In addition, women could also have been exposed to other exposures not included in the analysis, which could have resulted in residual confounding by co-exposures. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Women, their healthcare providers, and their employers need to be aware that occupational exposure to specific EDCs early in pregnancy may be associated with CAKUT in their offspring. An occupational hygienist should be consulted in order to take exposure to those specific EDCs into consideration when risk assessments are carried out at the workplace. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) N.S. was paid by the Graduate School of Medical Sciences (MD/PhD programme), University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands. Eurocat Northern Netherlands is funded by the Dutch Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sports. The Lifelines Biobank initiative has been made possible by subsidy from the Dutch Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport, the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs, the University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG the Netherlands), University Groningen and the Northern Provinces of the Netherlands. The authors report no conflict of interest. TRIAL REGISTRATION NO N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Spinder
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - J E H Bergman
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - M van Tongeren
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - H M Boezen
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - H Kromhout
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Science, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - H E K de Walle
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Rémen T, Richardson L, Siemiatycki J, Lavoué J. Impact of Variability in Job Coding on Reliability in Exposure Estimates Obtained via a Job-Exposure Matrix. Ann Work Expo Health 2021; 66:551-562. [PMID: 34931220 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxab106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The use of a job-exposure matrix (JEM) to assess exposure to potential health hazards in occupational epidemiological studies requires coding each participant's job history to a standard occupation and/or industry classification system recognized by the JEM. The objectives of this study were to assess the impact of inter-coder variability in job coding on reliability in exposure estimates derived from linking the job codes to the Canadian job-exposure matrix (CANJEM) and to identify influent parameters. METHOD Two trained coders independently coded 1000 jobs sampled from a population-based case-control study to the ISCO-1968 occupation classification at the five-digit resolution level, of which 859 could be linked to CANJEM using both assigned codes. Each of the two sets of codes was separately linked to CANJEM and thereby generated, for each of the 258 occupational agents available in CANJEM, two exposure estimates: exposure status (yes/no) and intensity of exposure (low, medium, and high) for exposed jobs only. Then, inter-rater reliability (IRR) was computed (i) after stratifying agents in 4 classes depending, for each, on the proportion of occupation codes in CANJEM defined as 'exposed' and (ii) for two additional scenarios restricted to jobs coded differently: the first one using experts' codes, the other one using codes randomly selected. IRR was computed using Cohen's kappa, PABAK and Gwet's AC1 index for exposure status, and weighted kappa and Gwet's AC2 for exposure intensity. RESULTS Across all agents and based on all jobs, median (Q1, Q3; Nagents) values were 0.68 (0.59, 0.75; 220) for kappa, 0.99 (0.95, 1.00; 258) for PABAK, and 0.99 (0.97, 1.00; 258) for AC1. For the additional scenarios, median kappa was 0.28 (0.00, 0.45; 209) and -0.01 (-0.02, 00; 233) restricted to jobs coded differently using experts' and random codes, respectively. A similar decreasing pattern was observed for PABAK and AC1 albeit with higher absolute values. Median kappa remained stable across exposure prevalence classes but was more variable for low prevalent agents. PABAK and AC1 decreased with increasing prevalence. Considering exposure intensity and all exposed jobs, median values were 0.79 (0.68, 0.91; 96) for weighted kappa, and 0.95 (0.89, 0.99; 102) for AC2. For the additional scenarios, median kappa was, respectively, 0.28 (-0.04, 0.42) and -0.05 (-0.18, 0.09) restricted to jobs coded differently using experts' and random codes, with a similar though attenuated pattern for AC2. CONCLUSION Despite reassuring overall reliability results, our study clearly demonstrated the loss of information associated with jobs coded differently. Especially, in cases of low exposure prevalence, efforts should be made to reliably code potentially exposed jobs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Rémen
- Health Innovation and Evaluation Hub Department, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), Pavillon S, 850 Rue Saint-Denis, Montréal QC, Canada
| | - Lesley Richardson
- Health Innovation and Evaluation Hub Department, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), Pavillon S, 850 Rue Saint-Denis, Montréal QC, Canada
| | - Jack Siemiatycki
- Health Innovation and Evaluation Hub Department, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), Pavillon S, 850 Rue Saint-Denis, Montréal QC, Canada
| | - Jérôme Lavoué
- Health Innovation and Evaluation Hub Department, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), Pavillon S, 850 Rue Saint-Denis, Montréal QC, Canada
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Virji MA, Cummings KJ, Cox-Ganser JM. A Strategy for Field Evaluations of Exposures and Respiratory Health of Workers at Small- to Medium-Sized Coffee Facilities. Front Public Health 2021; 9:705225. [PMID: 34858915 PMCID: PMC8631862 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.705225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Coffee production is a global industry with roasteries throughout the world. Workers in this industry are exposed to complex mixtures of gases, dusts, and vapors including carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, coffee dust, allergens, alpha-diketones, and other volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Adverse respiratory health outcomes such as respiratory symptoms, reduced pulmonary function, asthma, and obliterative bronchiolitis can occur among exposed workers. In response to health hazard evaluations requests received from 17 small- to medium-sized coffee facilities across the United States, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health conducted investigations during 2016-2017 to understand the burden of respiratory abnormalities, exposure characteristics, relationships between exposures and respiratory effects, and opportunities for exposure mitigation. Full-shift, task-based, and instantaneous personal and area air samples for diacetyl, 2,3-pentanedione and other VOCs were collected, and engineering controls were evaluated. Medical evaluations included questionnaire, spirometry, impulse oscillometry, and fractional exhaled nitric oxide. Exposure and health assessments were conducted using standardized tools and approaches, which enabled pooling data for aggregate analysis. The pooled data provided a larger population to better address the requestors' concern of the effect of exposure to alpha-diketones on the respiratory heath of coffee workers. This paper describes the rationale for the exposure and health assessment strategy, the approach used to achieve the study objectives, and its advantages and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jean M. Cox-Ganser
- Respiratory Health Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, United States
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Batisse E, Labrèche F, Goldberg MS, Lavoué J, Parent ME, Pasquet R, Richardson L, Siemiatycki J, Ho V. Inter-rater reliability of occupational exposure assessment in a case-control study of female breast cancer. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE 2021; 18:522-531. [PMID: 34491879 DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2021.1976412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this paper was to estimate the inter-rater reliability of expert assessments of occupational exposures. An inter-rater reliability sub-study was conducted within a population-based case-control study of postmenopausal breast cancer. Detailed information on lifetime occupational histories was obtained from participants and two industrial hygienists assigned exposures to 185 jobs using a checklist of 293 agents. Experts rated exposure for each job-agent combination according to exposure status (unexposed/exposed), confidence that the exposure occurred (possible/probable/definite), intensity (low/medium/high), and frequency (% time per week). The statistical unit of observation was each job-agent assessment (185 jobs × 293 agents = 54,205 assessments per expert). Crude agreement, Gwet AC1/2 statistics, and Cohen's Kappa were used to estimate inter-rater agreement for confidence and intensity; for frequency, the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) was used. The majority of job-agent combinations were evaluated by the two experts to be not exposed (crude agreement >98% of decisions). The degree of agreement between the experts for the confidence of exposure status was Gwet AC1/2 = 0.99 (95% CI: 0.99-0.99), and for intensity, a Gwet AC2 = 0.99 (95% CI: 0.99-0.99). For frequency, an ICC of 0.31 (95% CI: 0.26-0.35) was found. A sub-analysis restricted to job-agent combinations for which the two experts agreed on exposure status revealed a moderate agreement for confidence of exposure (Gwet AC2 = 0.66) and high agreement for intensity (Gwet AC2 = 0.96). For frequency, the ICC was 0.52 (95% CI: 0.47-0.57). A high level of inter-rater agreement was found for identifying exposures and for coding intensity, but agreement was lower for the coding of frequency of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Batisse
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - F Labrèche
- Institut de recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, ESPUM, University of Montreal and CIUSSS Centre-Sud, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - M S Goldberg
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Hospital Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - J Lavoué
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, ESPUM, University of Montreal and CIUSSS Centre-Sud, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Health Innovation and Evaluation Hub, University of Montreal Hospital Centre Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - M E Parent
- Health Innovation and Evaluation Hub, University of Montreal Hospital Centre Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Laval, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, ESPUM, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - R Pasquet
- Health Innovation and Evaluation Hub, University of Montreal Hospital Centre Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - L Richardson
- Health Innovation and Evaluation Hub, University of Montreal Hospital Centre Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - J Siemiatycki
- Health Innovation and Evaluation Hub, University of Montreal Hospital Centre Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, ESPUM, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - V Ho
- Health Innovation and Evaluation Hub, University of Montreal Hospital Centre Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, ESPUM, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Santiago-Colón A, Rocheleau CM, Bertke S, Christianson A, Collins DT, Trester-Wilson E, Sanderson W, Waters MA, Reefhuis J. Testing and Validating Semi-automated Approaches to the Occupational Exposure Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Ann Work Expo Health 2021; 65:682-693. [PMID: 33889928 PMCID: PMC8435754 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxab002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION When it is not possible to capture direct measures of occupational exposure or conduct biomonitoring, retrospective exposure assessment methods are often used. Among the common retrospective assessment methods, assigning exposure estimates by multiple expert rater review of detailed job descriptions is typically the most valid, but also the most time-consuming and expensive. Development of screening protocols to prioritize a subset of jobs for expert rater review can reduce the exposure assessment cost and time requirement, but there is often little data with which to evaluate different screening approaches. We used existing job-by-job exposure assessment data (assigned by consensus between multiple expert raters) from a large, population-based study of women to create and test screening algorithms for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) that would be suitable for use in other population-based studies. METHODS We evaluated three approaches to creating a screening algorithm: a machine-learning algorithm, a set of a priori decision rules created by experts based on features (such as keywords) found in the job description, and a hybrid algorithm incorporating both sets of criteria. All coded jobs held by mothers of infants participating in National Birth Defects Prevention Study (NBDPS) (n = 35,424) were used in developing or testing the screening algorithms. The job narrative fields considered for all approaches included job title, type of product made by the company, main activities or duties, and chemicals or substances handled. Each screening approach was evaluated against the consensus rating of two or more expert raters. RESULTS The machine-learning algorithm considered over 30,000 keywords and industry/occupation codes (separate and in combination). Overall, the hybrid method had a similar sensitivity (87.1%) as the expert decision rules (85.5%) but was higher than the machine-learning algorithm (67.7%). Specificity was best in the machine-learning algorithm (98.1%), compared to the expert decision rules (89.2%) and hybrid approach (89.1%). Using different probability cutoffs in the hybrid approach resulted in improvements in sensitivity (24-30%), without the loss of much specificity (7-18%). CONCLUSION Both expert decision rules and the machine-learning algorithm performed reasonably well in identifying the majority of jobs with potential exposure to PAHs. The hybrid screening approach demonstrated that by reviewing approximately 20% of the total jobs, it could identify 87% of all jobs exposed to PAHs; sensitivity could be further increased, albeit with a decrease in specificity, by adjusting the algorithm. The resulting screening algorithm could be applied to other population-based studies of women. The process of developing the algorithm also provides a useful illustration of the strengths and potential pitfalls of these approaches to developing exposure assessment algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albeliz Santiago-Colón
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Carissa M Rocheleau
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Stephen Bertke
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Annette Christianson
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Devon T Collins
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Kentucky, College of Public Health, Lexington, KY, USA.,Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Falls Church, VA, USA
| | - Emma Trester-Wilson
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Kentucky, College of Public Health, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Wayne Sanderson
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Kentucky, College of Public Health, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Martha A Waters
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jennita Reefhuis
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Stenehjem JS, Babigumira R, Hosgood HD, Veierød MB, Samuelsen SO, Bråtveit M, Kirkeleit J, Rothman N, Lan Q, Silverman DT, Friesen MC, Robsahm TE, Kjærheim K, Andreassen BK, Shala NK, Liu FC, Strand LÅ, Grimsrud TK. Cohort Profile: Norwegian Offshore Petroleum Workers (NOPW) Cohort. Int J Epidemiol 2021; 50:398-399. [PMID: 32879941 PMCID: PMC8128454 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyaa107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jo S Stenehjem
- Department of Biostatistics, Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | | | - H Dean Hosgood
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Marit B Veierød
- Department of Biostatistics, Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Magne Bråtveit
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jorunn Kirkeleit
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Nathaniel Rothman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Qing Lan
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Debra T Silverman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Melissa C Friesen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Trude E Robsahm
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Nita K Shala
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
| | - Fei-Chih Liu
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
| | - Leif-Åge Strand
- Institute of Military Medicine and Epidemiology, Norwegian Armed Forces Joint Medical Services, Sessvollmoen, Norway
| | - Tom K Grimsrud
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
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Istvan M, Rahban R, Dananche B, Senn A, Stettler E, Multigner L, Nef S, Garlantézec R. Maternal occupational exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals during pregnancy and semen parameters in adulthood: results of a nationwide cross-sectional study among Swiss conscripts. Hum Reprod 2021; 36:1948-1958. [PMID: 33729457 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deab034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Is there a relationship between maternal occupational exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) during pregnancy and the semen quality of their sons? SUMMARY ANSWER Our results suggest an association between maternal occupational exposure to potential EDCs, especially to pesticides, phthalates and heavy metals, and a decrease in several semen parameters. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Sexual differentiation, development and proper functioning of the reproductive system are largely dependent on steroid hormones. Although there is some animal evidence, studies on maternal exposure to EDCs during pregnancy and its effect on the semen quality of sons are scarce and none have focused on maternal occupational exposure. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION A cross-sectional study aiming to evaluate semen quality was carried out among Swiss conscripts aged 18 to 22 years between 2005 and 2017. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Conscript and parent questionnaires were completed prior to the collection of a semen sample. Semen parameters were categorised according to the guidelines of the World Health Organization (WHO). Data on maternal employment during pregnancy were provided by the parent questionnaire. Maternal occupational exposure to potential EDC categories was defined using a job-exposure matrix (JEM). Logistic regressions were used to analyse the relationship between maternal occupational exposure to EDCs and each semen parameter adjusted for potential confounding factors. Results are presented using odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE In total, 1,737 conscripts provided a conscript and parent questionnaire, as well as a semen sample; among these 1,045 of their mothers worked during pregnancy. Our study suggests an association between occupational exposure of mothers during pregnancy to potential EDCs and low semen volume and total sperm count, particularly for exposure to pesticides (OR 2.07, 95% CI 1.11-3.86 and OR 2.14, 95% CI 1.05-4.35), phthalates (OR 1.92, 95% CI 1.10-3.37 and OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.01-3.55), and heavy metals (OR 2.02, 95% CI 1.14-3.60 and OR 2.29, 95% CI 1.21-4.35). Maternal occupational exposure to heavy metals was additionally associated with a low sperm concentration (OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.06-3.37). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Several limitations should be noted, such as the indirect method for maternal occupational exposure assessment during the pregnancy (JEM) and the cross-sectional design of the study. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our observations reinforce the need to inform pregnant women of potential hazards during pregnancy that could impair their child's fertility. Additional studies are needed to confirm the involvement of EDCs. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work was supported by the Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology: SCAHT and the 'Fondation privée des Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève'. The collection of human biological material used for this study was supported by the FABER Foundation, the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF): NFP 50 'Endocrine Disruptors: Relevance to Humans, Animals and Ecosystems', the Medical Services of the Swiss Army (DDPS) and Medisupport. The authors declare they have no competing financial interests. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Istvan
- Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Université de Rennes, Rennes, 35000, France
| | - R Rahban
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, 1206, Switzerland
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology, Basel, 4055, Switzerland
| | - B Dananche
- Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Université de Rennes, Rennes, 35000, France
| | - A Senn
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, 1206, Switzerland
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology, Basel, 4055, Switzerland
| | - E Stettler
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, 1206, Switzerland
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology, Basel, 4055, Switzerland
- Swiss Armed Forces Joint Staff, Medical Services, Ittigen, 3063, Switzerland
| | - L Multigner
- Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Université de Rennes, Rennes, 35000, France
| | - S Nef
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, 1206, Switzerland
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology, Basel, 4055, Switzerland
| | - R Garlantézec
- CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Université de Rennes, Rennes, 35000, France
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Barul C, Parent ME. Occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and risk of prostate cancer. Environ Health 2021; 20:71. [PMID: 34154586 PMCID: PMC8218525 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-021-00751-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several industries entailing exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are known or suspected carcinogens. A handful of studies have assessed the role of PAHs exposure in prostate cancer risk, but none has examined tumor aggressiveness or the influence of screening practices and detection issues. We aimed to examine the association between lifetime occupational exposure to PAHs and prostate cancer risk. METHODS Detailed work histories were collected from 1,929 prostate cancer cases (436 aggressive) and 1,994 controls from Montreal, Canada (2005-2012). Industrial hygienists applied the hybrid expert approach to assign intensity, frequency and certainty of exposure to benzo[a]pyrene, PAHs from wood, coal, petroleum, other sources, and any source, in each job held. Odds ratios (ORs) for prostate cancer risk associated with lifetime PAHs exposure, adjusted for age, ancestry, education, lifestyle and occupational factors, and 95% confidence intervals (CI), were estimated using unconditional logistic regression. RESULTS After restriction to probable and definite exposures, and application of a 5-year lag, no clear association emerged for any of the PAHs, although small excesses in risk were apparent with 5-year increments in exposure to PAHs from wood (OR = 1.06, 95%CI 0.95 to 1.18). While analyses by cancer aggressiveness suggested no major differences, some elevated risk of high-grade cancer was observed for exposure to PAHs from wood (OR = 1.37, 95%CI 0.65 to 2.89), frequently occurring among firefighters. CONCLUSION Findings provide weak support for an association between occupational exposure to PAHs from wood and prostate cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Barul
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Université du Québec, 531 Boulevard des Prairies, Laval, Québec H7V 1B7 Canada
| | - Marie-Elise Parent
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Université du Québec, 531 Boulevard des Prairies, Laval, Québec H7V 1B7 Canada
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec Canada
- University of Montreal’s Hospital Research Centre, Montréal, Québec Canada
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Fazekas-Pongor V, Csáky-Szunyogh M, Fekete M, Mészáros Á, Cseh K, Pénzes M. Congenital heart diseases and parental occupational exposure in a Hungarian case-control study in 1997 to 2002. Congenit Anom (Kyoto) 2021; 61:55-62. [PMID: 33140474 DOI: 10.1111/cga.12401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The etiology of congenital heart diseases is not fully understood yet, however, endocrine disrupting chemicals may have a causative role in their development. The purpose of our study was to examine the association between congenital heart diseases and periconceptional parental occupational exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals. In our Hungarian population-based case-control study, we examined 2263 live born cases with any congenital heart disease and 6789 matched controls selected between years 1997 to 2002. Occupational exposure was assessed with a job-exposure matrix developed for endocrine disrupting chemicals. Conditional multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to test associations between parental occupational exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals and congenital heart diseases of the offspring as a whole and by congenital heart disease subtypes. The prevalence of exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals was 4.5% for both case and control mothers and 19.1% and 19.4% for case and control fathers, respectively. We found a positive association between paternal pesticide (adjusted odds ratio = 1.66, 95% confidence interval: 1.03-2.69) and alkylphenolic compound exposure (adjusted odds ratio = 1.95, 95% confidence interval: 1.30-2.93) and the development of patent ductus arteriosus in the offspring. Alkylphenolic compound exposure occurred among painters, famers, and those working in the food service industry, while pesticide exposure occurred predominantly among farm workers. We identified that certain occupations may increase the occurrence of certain congenital heart disease phenotypes in the offspring. By paying closer attention to those working in these areas, antenatal detection rates of congenital heart diseases may be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vince Fazekas-Pongor
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Melinda Csáky-Szunyogh
- Hungarian Congenital Abnormalities Registry, National Public Health Center, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mónika Fekete
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágota Mészáros
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Károly Cseh
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Melinda Pénzes
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Identification and Remediation of Environmental Exposures in Patients With Interstitial Lung Disease: Evidence Review and Practical Considerations. Chest 2021; 160:219-230. [PMID: 33609518 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2021.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A relationship between inhalational exposure to materials in the environment and development of interstitial lung disease (ILD) is long recognized. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis is an environmentally -induced diffuse parenchymal lung disease. In addition to hypersensitivity pneumonitis, domestic and occupational exposures have been shown to influence onset and progression of other ILDs, including idiopathic interstitial pneumonias such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. A key component of the clinical evaluation of patients presenting with ILD includes elucidation of a complete exposure history, which may influence diagnostic classification of the ILD as well as its management. Currently, there is no standardized approach to environmental evaluation or remediation of potentially harmful exposures in home or workplace environments for patients with ILD. This review discusses evidence for environmental contributions to ILD pathogenesis and draws on asthma and occupational medicine literature to frame the potential utility of a professional evaluation for environmental factors contributing to the development and progression of ILD. Although several reports suggest benefits of environmental assessment for those with asthma or certain occupational exposures, lack of information about benefits in broader populations may limit application. Determining the feasibility, long-term outcomes, and cost-effectiveness of environmental evaluation and remediation in acute and chronic ILDs should be a focus of future research.
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Occupational Noise Exposure and Longitudinal Hearing Changes in Post-9/11 US Military Personnel During an Initial Period of Military Service. Ear Hear 2021; 42:1163-1172. [PMID: 33974789 DOI: 10.1097/aud.0000000000001008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Auditory impairments, particularly those resulting from hazardous occupational noise exposures, are pressing concerns for the US Departments of Defense (DoD) and Veterans Affairs (VA). However, to date, no studies have estimated the rate of hearing threshold change that occurs during service or how changes may vary by military occupation. Hearing threshold changes during military service have historically been reported as the proportion of Service members demonstrating a significant threshold shift. This approach does not capture the rate of the hearing threshold change or the specific audiometric frequencies impacted. Determining the rate of hearing threshold change, and factors that affect the rate of change, is important to elucidate the impact of military service on hearing and to guide prevention strategies and subsequent hearing health care. Our primary objective was to estimate the annual rate of hearing threshold change during military service as a consequence of military occupational noise exposure ranking. DESIGN We linked audiometric data, collected from military personnel as part of a DoD hearing conservation program, to data describing demographic and military-service characteristics obtained from individuals enrolled in the Noise Outcomes In Service members Epidemiology Study. The analytic cohort included Veterans who enlisted in military service after September 2001 (n = 246). We examined the longitudinal association between military occupations categorized as having a low, moderate, or high noise exposure ranking and pure-tone hearing thresholds (500 to 6000 Hz) using a hierarchical linear model. The average annual rate of hearing threshold change and their 95% confidence intervals were estimated by service branch, military occupational noise exposure ranking, and audiometric test frequency. RESULTS On average, hearing threshold change ranged between -0.5 and 1.1 dB/year and changes over time varied by service branch, audiometric test frequency, and military occupation noise ranking. Generally, higher test frequencies (3000 to 6000 Hz) and military occupations with moderate or high noise exposure rankings had the greatest average annual rates of hearing threshold change; however, no dose-response relationship was observed. Among Marine Corps personnel, those exposed to occupations with high noise rankings demonstrated the greatest average annual rate of change (1.1 dB/year at 6000 Hz). Army personnel exposed to occupations with moderate noise rankings demonstrated the greatest average annual rate of change (0.6 dB/year at 6000 Hz). CONCLUSIONS This study (1) demonstrates the unique use of DoD hearing conservation program data, (2) is the first analysis of hearing threshold changes over time using such data, and (3) adds to the limited literature on longitudinal changes in hearing. The difference in hearing threshold changes across military branches is likely indicative of their varying noise exposures, hearing protection device use and enforcement, and surveillance practices. Results suggest Marine Corps and Army personnel are at risk for hearing threshold changes and that, among Army personnel, this is most pronounced among those exposed to moderate levels of occupational noise exposure. Estimates of the rate of hearing threshold change by frequency and factors that impact hearing are useful to inform the DoD's efforts to protect the hearing of their Service members and to the Veterans Affairs's efforts to identify and rehabilitate those most likely to experience hearing threshold change.
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Peters S, Broberg K, Gallo V, Levi M, Kippler M, Vineis P, Veldink J, van den Berg L, Middleton L, Travis RC, Bergmann MM, Palli D, Grioni S, Tumino R, Elbaz A, Vlaar T, Mancini F, Kühn T, Katzke V, Agudo A, Goñi F, Gómez J, Rodríguez‐Barranco M, Merino S, Barricarte A, Trichopoulou A, Jenab M, Weiderpass E, Vermeulen R. Blood Metal Levels and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Risk: A Prospective Cohort. Ann Neurol 2021; 89:125-133. [PMID: 33068316 PMCID: PMC7756568 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Metals have been suggested as a risk factor for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), but only retrospective studies are available to date. We compared metal levels in prospectively collected blood samples from ALS patients and controls, to explore whether metals are associated with ALS mortality. METHODS A nested ALS case-control study was conducted within the prospective EPIC (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition) cohort. Cases were identified through death certificates. We analyzed metal levels in erythrocyte samples obtained at recruitment, as a biomarker for metal exposure from any source. Arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, manganese, mercury, selenium, and zinc concentrations were measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. To estimate ALS risk, we applied conditional logistic regression models. RESULTS The study population comprised 107 cases (65% female) and 319 controls matched for age, sex, and study center. Median time between blood collection and ALS death was 8 years (range = 1-15). Comparing the highest with the lowest tertile, cadmium (odds ratio [OR] = 2.04, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.08-3.87) and lead (OR = 1.89, 95% CI = 0.97-3.67) concentrations suggest associations with increased ALS risk. Zinc was associated with a decreased risk (OR = 0.50, 95% CI = 0.27-0.94). Associations for cadmium and lead remained when limiting analyses to noncurrent smokers. INTERPRETATION This is the first study to compare metal levels before disease onset, minimizing reverse causation. The observed associations suggest that cadmium, lead, and zinc may play a role in ALS etiology. Cadmium and lead possibly act as intermediates on the pathway from smoking to ALS. ANN NEUROL 20209999:n/a-n/a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Peters
- Institute for Risk Assessment SciencesUtrecht UniversityUtrechtthe Netherlands
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Karin Broberg
- Institute of Environmental MedicineKarolinska InstituteSolnaSweden
| | - Valentina Gallo
- Centre for Primary Care and Public HealthQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Michael Levi
- Institute of Environmental MedicineKarolinska InstituteSolnaSweden
| | - Maria Kippler
- Institute of Environmental MedicineKarolinska InstituteSolnaSweden
| | - Paolo Vineis
- School of Public HealthImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Jan Veldink
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | | | | | - Ruth C. Travis
- Cancer Epidemiology UnitNuffield Department of Population Health, University of OxfordOxfordUK
| | | | - Domenico Palli
- Cancer Risk Factors and Life‐Style Epidemiology UnitInstitute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical NetworkFlorenceItaly
| | - Sara Grioni
- Epidemiology and Prevention UnitIRCCS National Cancer Institute FoundationMilanItaly
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Cancer Registry and Histopathology DepartmentProvincial Health CompanyRagusaItaly
| | - Alexis Elbaz
- Public Health FranceSaint‐MauriceFrance
- Paris‐Sud UniversityUVSQ, CESP, INSERM, Paris‐Saclay UniversityVillejuifFrance
| | - Tim Vlaar
- Public Health FranceSaint‐MauriceFrance
- Paris‐Sud UniversityUVSQ, CESP, INSERM, Paris‐Saclay UniversityVillejuifFrance
| | - Francesca Mancini
- Faculty of Medicine, CESP, Paris‐Sud University, UVSQ, INSERMParis‐Saclay UniversityVillejuifFrance
- Gustave Roussy InstituteVillejuifFrance
| | - Tilman Kühn
- German Cancer Research CenterHeidelbergGermany
| | | | - Antonio Agudo
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Group of Research on Nutrition and CancerBellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, L'Hospitalet de LlobregatBarcelonaSpain
| | - Fernando Goñi
- Networked Biomedical Research Center of Epidemiology and Public HealthMadridSpain
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute; Public Health Laboratory in GipuzkoaBasque GovernmentSan SebastianSpain
| | - Jesús‐Humberto Gómez
- Networked Biomedical Research Center of Epidemiology and Public HealthMadridSpain
- Department of EpidemiologyRegional Health Council, IMIB‐ArrixacaMurciaSpain
| | - Miguel Rodríguez‐Barranco
- Networked Biomedical Research Center of Epidemiology and Public HealthMadridSpain
- Andalusian School of Public HealthGranadaSpain
- Grenada Institute of Biosanitary ResearchGranadaSpain
| | | | - Aurelio Barricarte
- Networked Biomedical Research Center of Epidemiology and Public HealthMadridSpain
- Navarra Public Health InstitutePamplonaSpain
- Navarra Institute for Health ResearchPamplonaSpain
| | | | - Mazda Jenab
- International Agency for Research on CancerLyonFrance
| | | | - Roel Vermeulen
- Institute for Risk Assessment SciencesUtrecht UniversityUtrechtthe Netherlands
- School of Public HealthImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary CareUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtthe Netherlands
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Vethanayagam D, Peters J, Saad E, Mulchey K, Gillson AM, McNab B, Farr-Jones M, Hruczkowski T, Blevins G, Coulden R, Oudit G, Beach J. Sarcoidosis: a prospective observational cohort from Northern Alberta. SARCOIDOSIS, VASCULITIS, AND DIFFUSE LUNG DISEASES : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF WASOG 2020; 37:e2020014. [PMID: 33597801 PMCID: PMC7883513 DOI: 10.36141/svdld.v37i4.8522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sarcoidosis is a multi-system disease reported to occur with a higher incidence in Alberta than many other health jurisdictions within and outside of Canada. The reasons for this higher incidence are currently not known. Exposure to beryllium can result in a clinically and radiologically identical disease to sarcoidosis. The purpose of our study was to identify patterns with potential occupational or environmental exposures to beryllium amongst individuals with sarcoidosis in Alberta through a tertiary referral center. METHODS A prospective observational study was carried out at the University of Alberta Hospital. Patients with confirmed sarcoidosis (stages 0-4) were recruited from subspecialty clinics (Respirology, Cardiology, Neurology and Occupational Health). A predetermined list of industries thought to involve potentially relevant exposures for the development of sarcoidosis was used to capture current and previous exposure history. Results were entered into a database and where possible verified by comparing with existing electronic medical records (including histories, physical examination, diagnostic imaging and physiology). RESULTS A total of 45 patients were recruited, 25 men and 20 women. Of these, 84% of participants reported working in or being exposed to an industry/environment suspected of contributing to development of sarcoidosis over their lifetime. The most frequently reported exposures were within farming and agriculture (27%), oil and gas (20%), metalworking and handling animals (18%). CONCLUSIONS Amongst this cohort, a high proportion reported working with a potentially relevant exposure. Individuals being assessed for sarcoidosis should have their most responsible physician elicit a detailed work and environmental history. (Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis 2020; 37 (4): e2020014).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Emad Saad
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Alberta
| | | | | | - Brian McNab
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Alberta
| | | | | | | | - Richard Coulden
- Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Alberta
| | - Gavin Oudit
- Division of Cardiology, University of Alberta
| | - Jeremy Beach
- Emeritus, Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alberta
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Manangama G, Gramond C, Audignon-Durand S, Baldi I, Fabro-Peray P, Gilg Soit Ilg A, Guénel P, Lebailly P, Luce D, Stücker I, Brochard P, Lacourt A. Occupational exposure to unintentionally emitted nanoscale particles and risk of cancer: From lung to central nervous system - Results from three French case-control studies. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 191:110024. [PMID: 32777272 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Nanoscale particles (1-100 nm) can be of natural origin, and either intentionally or unintentionally produced by human activities. Toxicological data have suggested a possible carcinogenic effect of such particles. The aim of this study was to estimate the association between occupational exposure to nanoscale particles and risk of lung cancer, pleural mesothelioma and brain tumors in adults. METHODS Three French population-based case-control studies were analyzed: 1) the ICARE study including 2029 lung cancer cases and 2591 controls; 2) the PNSM study including 371 pleural mesothelioma cases and 730 controls and 3) the CERENAT study including 257 brain tumor cases and 511 controls. Occupational exposure to unintentionally emitted nanoscale particles (UNPs) was retrospectively assessed by a job exposure matrix providing a probability and a frequency of exposure. RESULTS In adjusted analyses among men, significant associations between occupational exposure to UNPs and lung cancer (OR = 1.51; 95% CI: 1.22-1.86 and brain tumors (OR = 1.69; 95% CI: 1.17-2.44) were observed. No increased OR was observed for pleural mesothelioma (OR = 0.78; 95% CI: 0.46-1.33). CONCLUSION This is the first study showing positive associations between occupational exposure to UNPs and increased risk of lung cancer and brain tumors. These preliminary results should encourage further epidemiological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guyguy Manangama
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Epicene Team, UMR 1219, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Céline Gramond
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Epicene Team, UMR 1219, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sabyne Audignon-Durand
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Epicene Team, UMR 1219, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Isabelle Baldi
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Epicene Team, UMR 1219, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | | | | | - Pascal Guénel
- Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations (CESP), Cancer and Environment Team, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-94800, Villejuif, France
| | - Pierre Lebailly
- ANTICIPE, U1086 INSERM, Université de Caen Normandie, And Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer François Baclesse, F-14000, Caen, France
| | - Danièle Luce
- Université de Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S, 1085, Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | - Isabelle Stücker
- Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations (CESP), Cancer and Environment Team, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-94800, Villejuif, France
| | - Patrick Brochard
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Epicene Team, UMR 1219, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Aude Lacourt
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Epicene Team, UMR 1219, F-33000, Bordeaux, France.
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Fazekas-Pongor V, Fekete M, Csáky-Szunyogh M, Cseh K, Pénzes M. Parental occupational exposure and congenital heart diseases in a Hungarian case-control study. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2020; 94:515-527. [PMID: 33170344 PMCID: PMC8032570 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-020-01589-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Our study aimed to explore the effect of parental occupational exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) on the development of congenital heart diseases (CHDs) in the offspring, and to compare job-exposure matrix (JEM)-assessed and self-reported occupational exposures with each other. Methods Live-born infants born in 2007–2008 were selected from the population-based Hungarian Case–Control Surveillance of Congenital Abnormalities Study. 577 cases with any CHDs were compared to 1731 matched controls. Parental periconceptional occupational exposure to EDCs was assessed by a JEM and by questionnaire-based self-reporting of parents. Multivariate conditional logistic regression analyses were conducted to explore associations between parental occupational exposure to EDCs and the entire spectrum of CHDs and by CHD subtypes in the offspring. Kappa statistics were also performed to determine the consistency among JEM-assessed and self-reported occupational exposure of parents. Results JEM-assessed paternal exposure to polychlorinated organic substances, phthalates, biphenolic compounds, and solvents were significantly associated with the entire spectrum of CHDs. Ventricular septal defects were significantly associated with paternal self-reported exposure to pesticides, while atrial septal defects were significantly associated to paternal JEM-assessed phthalate exposure. Paternal solvent exposure was significantly associated with atrial septal defects and right ventricle outflow tract obstructions. JEM-assessed and self-reported exposures to pesticides, heavy metals, and solvents exhibited poor agreement for mothers and slight agreement for fathers. Conclusion Even though parental occupational exposure to EDCs seems to have a minor impact on the occurrence of CHDs, the results of biological and environmental monitoring should be taken into consideration as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vince Fazekas-Pongor
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University Budapest, Üllői út 26, Budapest, 1085, Hungary.
| | - Mónika Fekete
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University Budapest, Üllői út 26, Budapest, 1085, Hungary
| | - Melinda Csáky-Szunyogh
- Hungarian Congenital Abnormalities Registry, National Public Health Center, Albert Flórián út 2-6, Budapest, 1097, Hungary
| | - Károly Cseh
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University Budapest, Üllői út 26, Budapest, 1085, Hungary
| | - Melinda Pénzes
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University Budapest, Üllői út 26, Budapest, 1085, Hungary
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Spinder N, Bergman JE, Kromhout H, Vermeulen R, Corsten-Janssen N, Boezen HM, du Marchie Sarvaas GJ, de Walle HE. Maternal occupational exposure and congenital heart defects in offspring. Scand J Work Environ Health 2020; 46:599-608. [PMID: 33135766 PMCID: PMC7737813 DOI: 10.5271/sjweh.3912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Congenital heart defects (CHD) are the most prevalent congenital anomalies. This study aims to examine the association between maternal occupational exposures to organic and mineral dust, solvents, pesticides, and metal dust and fumes and CHD in the offspring, assessing several subgroups of CHD. Methods For this case-control study, we examined 1174 cases with CHD from EUROCAT Northern Netherlands and 5602 controls without congenital anomalies from the Lifelines cohort study. Information on maternal jobs held early in pregnancy was collected via self-administered questionnaires, and job titles were linked to occupational exposures using a job exposure matrix. Results An association was found between organic dust exposure and coarctation of aorta [adjusted odds ratio (OR adj) 1.90, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01-3.59] and pulmonary (valve) stenosis in combination with ventricular septal defect (OR adj2.68, 95% CI 1.07-6.73). Mineral dust exposure was associated with increased risk of coarctation of aorta (OR adj2.94, 95% CI 1.21-7.13) and pulmonary valve stenosis (OR adj1.99, 95% CI 1.10-3.62). Exposure to metal dust and fumes was infrequent but was associated with CHD in general (OR adj2.40, 95% CI 1.09-5.30). Exposure to both mineral dust and metal dust and fumes was associated with septal defects (OR adj3.23, 95% CI 1.14-9.11). Any maternal occupational exposure was associated with a lower risk of aortic stenosis (OR adj0.32, 95% CI 0.11-0.94). Conclusions Women should take preventive measures or avoid exposure to mineral and organic dust as well as metal dust and fumes early in pregnancy as this could possibly affect foetal heart development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nynke Spinder
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, -Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
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50
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Hall AL, MacLean MB, VanTil L, McBride DI, Glass DC. Considering Exposure Assessment in Epidemiological Studies of Chronic Health in Military Populations. Front Public Health 2020; 8:577601. [PMID: 33123510 PMCID: PMC7573167 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.577601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure assessment is an important factor in all epidemiological research seeking to identify, evaluate, and control health risks. In the military and veteran context, population health research to explore exposure-response links is complicated by the wide variety of environments and hazards encountered during active service, long latency periods, and a lack of information on exposures in potentially vulnerable subgroups. This paper summarizes some key considerations for exposure assessment in long-term health studies of military populations, including the identification of hazards related to military service, characterization of potentially exposed groups, exposure data collection, and assignment of exposures to estimate health risks. Opportunities and future directions for exposure assessment in this field are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Hall
- Research Directorate, Veterans Affairs Canada, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - Mary Beth MacLean
- Research Directorate, Veterans Affairs Canada, Charlottetown, PE, Canada.,School of Rehabilitation Therapy, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Linda VanTil
- Research Directorate, Veterans Affairs Canada, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - David Iain McBride
- Department of Preventive & Social Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Deborah C Glass
- Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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