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Chhabra M, Shanthamurthy CD, Kumar NV, Mardhekar S, Vishweshwara SS, Wimmer N, Modhiran N, Watterson D, Amarilla AA, Cha JS, Beckett JR, De Voss JJ, Kayal Y, Vlodavsky I, Dorsett LR, Smith RAA, Gandhi NS, Kikkeri R, Ferro V. Amphiphilic Heparinoids as Potent Antiviral Agents against SARS-CoV-2. J Med Chem 2024. [PMID: 38995734 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we report the synthesis and biological evaluation of a novel series of heparinoid amphiphiles as inhibitors of heparanase and SARS-CoV-2. By employing a tailor-made synthetic strategy, a library of highly sulfated homo-oligosaccharides bearing d-glucose or a C5-epimer (i.e., l-idose or l-iduronic acid) conjugated with various lipophilic groups was synthesized and investigated for antiviral activity. Sulfated higher oligosaccharides of d-glucose or l-idose with lipophilic aglycones displayed potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 and antiheparanse activity, similar to or better than pixatimod (PG545), and were more potent than their isosteric l-iduronic acid congeners. Lipophilic groups such as cholestanol and C18-aliphatic substitution are more advantageous than functional group appended lipophilic moieties. These findings confirm that fine-tuning of higher oligosaccharides, degree of sulfation, and lipophilic groups can yield compounds with potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Chhabra
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Chethan D Shanthamurthy
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | | | - Sandhya Mardhekar
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Sharath S Vishweshwara
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Norbert Wimmer
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Naphak Modhiran
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Daniel Watterson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Alberto A Amarilla
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Jonathan S Cha
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - James R Beckett
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - James J De Voss
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Yasmin Kayal
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center (TICC), Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion─Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Israel Vlodavsky
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center (TICC), Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion─Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Lauren R Dorsett
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Raymond A A Smith
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Neha S Gandhi
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Raghavendra Kikkeri
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Vito Ferro
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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2
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Kim KM, D'Elia AM, Rodell CB. Hydrogel-based approaches to target hypersensitivity mechanisms underlying autoimmune disease. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024:115395. [PMID: 39004347 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
A robust adaptive immune response is essential for combatting pathogens. In the wrong context such as due to genetic and environmental factors, however, the same mechanisms crucial for self-preservation can lead to a loss of self-tolerance. Resulting autoimmunity manifests in the development of a host of organ-specific or systemic autoimmune diseases, hallmarked by aberrant immune responses and tissue damage. The prevalence of autoimmune diseases is on the rise, medical management of which focuses primarily on pharmacological immunosuppression that places patients at a risk of side effects, including opportunistic infections and tumorigenesis. Biomaterial-based drug delivery systems confer many opportunities to address challenges associated with conventional disease management. Hydrogels, in particular, can protect encapsulated cargo (drug or cell therapeutics) from the host environment, afford their presentation in a controlled manner, and can be tailored to respond to disease conditions or support treatment via multiplexed functionality. Moreover, localized delivery to affected sites by these approaches has the potential to concentrate drug action at the site, reduce off-target exposure, and enhance patient compliance by reducing the need for frequent administration. Despite their many benefits for the management of autoimmune disease, such biomaterial-based approaches focus largely on the downstream effects of hypersensitivity mechanisms and have a limited capacity to eradicate the disease. In contrast, direct targeting of mechanisms of hypersensitivity reactions uniquely enables prophylaxis or the arrest of disease progression by mitigating the basis of autoimmunity. One promising approach is to induce self-antigen-specific tolerance, which specifically subdues damaging autoreactivity while otherwise retaining the normal immune responses. In this review, we will discuss hydrogel-based systems for the treatment of autoimmune disease, with a focus on those that target hypersensitivity mechanisms head-on. As the field continues to advance, it will expand the range of therapeutic choices for people coping with autoimmune diseases, providing fresh prospects for better clinical outcomes and improved quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth M Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Arielle M D'Elia
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Christopher B Rodell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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3
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Dwivedi N, Patra B, Mentink-Vigier F, Wi S, Sinha N. Unveiling Charge-Pair Salt-Bridge Interaction Between GAGs and Collagen Protein in Cartilage: Atomic Evidence from DNP-Enhanced ssNMR at Natural Isotopic Abundance. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 38980938 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c05539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
The interactions between glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and proteins are essential in numerous biochemical processes that involve ion-pair interactions. However, there is no evidence of direct and specific interactions between GAGs and collagen proteins in native cartilage. The resolution of solid-state NMR (ssNMR) can offer such information but the detection of GAG interactions in cartilage is limited by the sensitivity of the experiments when 13C and 15N isotopes are at natural abundance. In this communication, this limitation is overcome by taking advantage of dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP)-enhanced magic-angle spinning (MAS) experiments to obtain two-dimensional (2D) 15N-13C and 13C-13C correlations on native samples at natural abundance. These experiments unveiled inter-residue correlations in the aliphatic regions of the collagen protein previously unobserved. Additionally, our findings provide direct evidence of charge-pair salt-bridge interactions between negatively charged GAGs and positively charged arginine (Arg) residues of collagen protein. We also identified potential hydrogen bonding interactions between hydroxyproline (Hyp) and GAGs, offering atomic insights into the biochemical interactions within the extracellular matrix of native cartilage. Our approach may provide a new avenue for the structural characterization of other native systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navneet Dwivedi
- Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Bijaylaxmi Patra
- Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Frederic Mentink-Vigier
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Sungsool Wi
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Neeraj Sinha
- Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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4
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Chittum JE, Thompson A, Desai UR. Glycosaminoglycan microarrays for studying glycosaminoglycan-protein systems. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 335:122106. [PMID: 38616080 PMCID: PMC11032185 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
More than 3000 proteins are now known to bind to glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Yet, GAG-protein systems are rather poorly understood in terms of selectivity of recognition, molecular mechanism of action, and translational promise. High-throughput screening (HTS) technologies are critically needed for studying GAG biology and developing GAG-based therapeutics. Microarrays, developed within the past two decades, have now improved to the point of being the preferred tool in the HTS of biomolecules. GAG microarrays, in which GAG sequences are immobilized on slides, while similar to other microarrays, have their own sets of challenges and considerations. GAG microarrays are rapidly becoming the first choice in studying GAG-protein systems. Here, we review different modalities and applications of GAG microarrays presented to date. We discuss advantages and disadvantages of this technology, explain covalent and non-covalent immobilization strategies using different chemically reactive groups, and present various assay formats for qualitative and quantitative interpretations, including selectivity screening, binding affinity studies, competitive binding studies etc. We also highlight recent advances in implementing this technology, cataloging of data, and project its future promise. Overall, the technology of GAG microarray exhibits enormous potential of evolving into more than a mere screening tool for studying GAG - protein systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E Chittum
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States of America; Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23219, United States of America
| | - Ally Thompson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States of America; Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23219, United States of America
| | - Umesh R Desai
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States of America; Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23219, United States of America.
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5
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Wu Y, Wagner WD. Syndecan-4 Functionalization Reduces the Thrombogenicity of Engineered Vascular Biomaterials. Ann Biomed Eng 2024; 52:1873-1882. [PMID: 37071281 PMCID: PMC11169030 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-023-03199-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Blood-biomaterial compatibility is essential for tissue repair especially for endovascular biomaterials where small-diameter vessel patency and endothelium formation is crucial. To address this issue, a composite biomaterial termed PFC fabricated from poly (glycerol sebacate), silk fibroin, and collagen was used to determine if functionalization with syndecan-4 (SYN4) would reduce thrombogenesis through the action of heparan sulfate. The material termed, PFC_SYN4, has structure and composition similar to native arterial tissue and has been reported to facilitate the binding and differentiation of endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs). In this study, the hemocompatibility of PFC_SYN4 was evaluated and compared with non-functionalized PFC, electrospun collagen, ePTFE, and bovine pericardial patch (BPV). Ultrastructurally, platelets were less activated when cultured on PFC and PFC_SYN4 compared to collagen where extensive platelet degranulation was observed. Quantitatively, 31% and 44% fewer platelets adhered to PFC_SYN4 compared to non-functionalized PFC and collagen, respectively. Functionalization of PFC resulted in reduced levels of complement activation compared to PFC, collagen, and BPV. Whole blood clotting times indicated that PFC_SYN4 was less thrombogenic compared with PFC, collagen, and BPV. These results suggest that syndecan-4 functionalization of blood-contacting biomaterials provides a novel solution for generating a reduced thrombogenic surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidi Wu
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Medical Center Boulevard, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
- Virginia Tech - Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - William D Wagner
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Medical Center Boulevard, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
- Virginia Tech - Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, 391 Technology Way, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
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6
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Li N, Hao R, Ren P, Wang J, Dong J, Ye T, Zhao D, Qiao X, Meng Z, Gan H, Liu S, Sun Y, Dou G, Gu R. Glycosaminoglycans: Participants in Microvascular Coagulation of Sepsis. Thromb Haemost 2024; 124:599-612. [PMID: 38242171 PMCID: PMC11199054 DOI: 10.1055/a-2250-3166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Sepsis represents a syndromic response to infection and frequently acts as a common pathway leading to fatality in the context of various infectious diseases globally. The pathology of severe sepsis is marked by an excess of inflammation and activated coagulation. A substantial contributor to mortality in sepsis patients is widespread microvascular thrombosis-induced organ dysfunction. Multiple lines of evidence support the notion that sepsis induces endothelial damage, leading to the release of glycosaminoglycans, potentially causing microvascular dysfunction. This review aims to initially elucidate the relationship among endothelial damage, excessive inflammation, and thrombosis in sepsis. Following this, we present a summary of the involvement of glycosaminoglycans in coagulation, elucidating interactions among glycosaminoglycans, platelets, and inflammatory cells. In this section, we also introduce a reasoned generalization of potential signal pathways wherein glycosaminoglycans play a role in clotting. Finally, we discuss current methods for detecting microvascular conditions in sepsis patients from the perspective of glycosaminoglycans. In conclusion, it is imperative to pay closer attention to the role of glycosaminoglycans in the mechanism of microvascular thrombosis in sepsis. Dynamically assessing glycosaminoglycan levels in patients may aid in predicting microvascular conditions, enabling the monitoring of disease progression, adjustment of clinical treatment schemes, and mitigation of both acute and long-term adverse outcomes associated with sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanxi Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People Republic of China
| | - Ruolin Hao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People Republic of China
| | - Peng Ren
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, People Republic of China
| | - Jingya Wang
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, People Republic of China
| | - Jiahui Dong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People Republic of China
| | - Tong Ye
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People Republic of China
| | - Danyang Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People Republic of China
| | - Xuan Qiao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People Republic of China
| | - Zhiyun Meng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People Republic of China
| | - Hui Gan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People Republic of China
| | - Shuchen Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People Republic of China
| | - Yunbo Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People Republic of China
| | - Guifang Dou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People Republic of China
| | - Ruolan Gu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People Republic of China
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Li Z, Di Vagno L, Chawla H, Ni Cheallaigh A, Critcher M, Sammon D, Briggs DC, Chung N, Chang V, Mahoney KE, Cioce A, Murphy LD, Chen YH, Narimatsu Y, Miller RL, Willems LI, Malaker SA, Huang ML, Miller GJ, Hohenester E, Schumann B. Xylosyltransferase Bump-and-hole Engineering to Chemically Manipulate Proteoglycans in Mammalian Cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.12.20.572522. [PMID: 38979271 PMCID: PMC11230170 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.20.572522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Mammalian cells orchestrate signalling through interaction events on their surfaces. Proteoglycans are an intricate part of these interactions, carrying large glycosaminoglycan polysaccharides that recruit signalling molecules. Despite their importance in development, cancer and neurobiology, a relatively small number of proteoglycans have been identified. In addition to the complexity of glycan extension, biosynthetic redundancy in the first protein glycosylation step by two xylosyltransferase isoenzymes XT1 and XT2 complicates annotation of proteoglycans. Here, we develop a chemical genetic strategy that manipulates the glycan attachment site of cellular proteoglycans. By employing a tactic termed bump- and-hole engineering, we engineer the two isoenzymes XT1 and XT2 to specifically transfer a chemically modified xylose analogue to target proteins. The chemical modification contains a bioorthogonal tag, allowing the ability to visualise and profile target proteins modified by both transferases in mammalian cells. The versatility of our approach allows pinpointing glycosylation sites by tandem mass spectrometry, and exploiting the chemical handle to manufacture proteoglycans with defined GAG chains for cellular applications. Engineered XT enzymes permit a view into proteoglycan biology that is orthogonal to conventional techniques in biochemistry.
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8
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Piszczatowski RT, Bülow HE, Steidl U. Heparan sulfates and heparan sulfate proteoglycans in hematopoiesis. Blood 2024; 143:2571-2587. [PMID: 38639475 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023022736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT From signaling mediators in stem cells to markers of differentiation and lineage commitment to facilitators for the entry of viruses, such as HIV-1, cell surface heparan sulfate (HS) glycans with distinct modification patterns play important roles in hematopoietic biology. In this review, we provide an overview of the importance of HS and the proteoglycans (HSPGs) to which they are attached within the major cellular subtypes of the hematopoietic system. We summarize the roles of HSPGs, HS, and HS modifications within each main hematopoietic cell lineage of both myeloid and lymphoid arms. Lastly, we discuss the biological advances in the detection of HS modifications and their potential to further discriminate cell types within hematopoietic tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard T Piszczatowski
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY
| | - Hannes E Bülow
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
- Montefiore Einstein Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine-Montefiore Health System, Bronx, NY
| | - Ulrich Steidl
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
- Montefiore Einstein Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine-Montefiore Health System, Bronx, NY
- Departments of Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine-Montefiore Health System, Bronx, NY
- Blood Cancer Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
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9
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Mao M, Ahrens L, Luka J, Contreras F, Kurkina T, Bienstein M, Sárria Pereira de Passos M, Schirinzi G, Mehn D, Valsesia A, Desmet C, Serra MÁ, Gilliland D, Schwaneberg U. Material-specific binding peptides empower sustainable innovations in plant health, biocatalysis, medicine and microplastic quantification. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:6445-6510. [PMID: 38747901 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00991a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Material-binding peptides (MBPs) have emerged as a diverse and innovation-enabling class of peptides in applications such as plant-/human health, immobilization of catalysts, bioactive coatings, accelerated polymer degradation and analytics for micro-/nanoplastics quantification. Progress has been fuelled by recent advancements in protein engineering methodologies and advances in computational and analytical methodologies, which allow the design of, for instance, material-specific MBPs with fine-tuned binding strength for numerous demands in material science applications. A genetic or chemical conjugation of second (biological, chemical or physical property-changing) functionality to MBPs empowers the design of advanced (hybrid) materials, bioactive coatings and analytical tools. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview comprising naturally occurring MBPs and their function in nature, binding properties of short man-made MBPs (<20 amino acids) mainly obtained from phage-display libraries, and medium-sized binding peptides (20-100 amino acids) that have been reported to bind to metals, polymers or other industrially produced materials. The goal of this review is to provide an in-depth understanding of molecular interactions between materials and material-specific binding peptides, and thereby empower the use of MBPs in material science applications. Protein engineering methodologies and selected examples to tailor MBPs toward applications in agriculture with a focus on plant health, biocatalysis, medicine and environmental monitoring serve as examples of the transformative power of MBPs for various industrial applications. An emphasis will be given to MBPs' role in detecting and quantifying microplastics in high throughput, distinguishing microplastics from other environmental particles, and thereby assisting to close an analytical gap in food safety and monitoring of environmental plastic pollution. In essence, this review aims to provide an overview among researchers from diverse disciplines in respect to material-(specific) binding of MBPs, protein engineering methodologies to tailor their properties to application demands, re-engineering for material science applications using MBPs, and thereby inspire researchers to employ MBPs in their research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maochao Mao
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Leon Ahrens
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Julian Luka
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Francisca Contreras
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Tetiana Kurkina
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Marian Bienstein
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | | | | | - Dora Mehn
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Andrea Valsesia
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Cloé Desmet
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | | | | | - Ulrich Schwaneberg
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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10
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Ramadan S, Mayieka M, Pohl NLB, Liu J, Hsieh-Wilson LC, Huang X. Recent advances in the synthesis of extensive libraries of heparan sulfate oligosaccharides for structure-activity relationship studies. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2024; 80:102455. [PMID: 38636446 PMCID: PMC11164629 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2024.102455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Heparan sulfate (HS) is a linear, sulfated and highly negatively-charged polysaccharide that plays important roles in many biological events. As a member of the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) family, HS is commonly found on mammalian cell surfaces and within the extracellular matrix. The structural complexities of natural HS polysaccharides have hampered the comprehension of their biological functions and structure-activity relationships (SARs). Although the sulfation patterns and backbone structures of HS can be major determinants of their biological activities, obtaining significant amounts of pure HS from natural sources for comprehensive SAR studies is challenging. Chemical and enzyme-based synthesis can aid in the production of structurally well-defined HS oligosaccharides. In this review, we discuss recent innovations enabling the syntheses of large libraries of HS and how these libraries can provide insights into the structural preferences of various HS binding proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif Ramadan
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, Qaliobiya 13518, Egypt
| | - Morgan Mayieka
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Nicola L B Pohl
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 212 S. Hawthorne Drive, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Jian Liu
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Linda C Hsieh-Wilson
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Xuefei Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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11
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Shaffer KJ, Smith RAA, Daines AM, Luo X, Lu X, Tan TC, Le BQ, Schwörer R, Hinkley SFR, Tyler PC, Nurcombe V, Cool SM. Rational synthesis of a heparan sulfate saccharide that promotes the activity of BMP2. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 333:121979. [PMID: 38494232 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Heparan sulfate (HS) is a glycosaminoglycan (GAG) found throughout nature and is involved in a wide range of functions including modulation of cell signalling via sequestration of growth factors. Current consensus is that the specificity of HS motifs for protein binding are individual for each protein. Given the structural complexity of HS the synthesis of libraries of these compounds to probe this is not trivial. Herein we present the synthesis of an HS decamer, the design of which was undertaken rationally from previously published data for HS binding to the growth factor BMP-2. The biological activity of this HS decamer was assessed in vitro, showing that it had the ability to both bind BMP-2 and increase its thermal stability as well as enhancing the bioactivity of BMP-2 in vitro in C2C12 cells. At the same time no undesired anticoagulant effect was observed. This decamer was then analysed in vivo in a rabbit model where higher bone formation, bone mineral density (BMD) and trabecular thickness were observed over an empty defect or collagen implant alone. This indicated that the HS decamer was effective in promoting bone regeneration in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl J Shaffer
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, 69 Gracefield Road, Gracefield, Lower Hutt 5010, New Zealand
| | - Raymond A A Smith
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 138673, Singapore; School of Chemical Engineering, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia
| | - Alison M Daines
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, 69 Gracefield Road, Gracefield, Lower Hutt 5010, New Zealand.
| | - Xiaoman Luo
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 138673, Singapore
| | - Xiaohua Lu
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 138673, Singapore
| | - Tuan Chun Tan
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 138673, Singapore
| | - Bach Q Le
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 138673, Singapore
| | - Ralf Schwörer
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, 69 Gracefield Road, Gracefield, Lower Hutt 5010, New Zealand
| | - Simon F R Hinkley
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, 69 Gracefield Road, Gracefield, Lower Hutt 5010, New Zealand
| | - Peter C Tyler
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, 69 Gracefield Road, Gracefield, Lower Hutt 5010, New Zealand
| | - Victor Nurcombe
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 138632, Singapore
| | - Simon M Cool
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 138673, Singapore; School of Chemical Engineering, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Yoo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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12
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Nguyen DLB, Okolicsanyi RK, Haupt LM. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans: Mediators of cellular and molecular Alzheimer's disease pathogenic factors via tunnelling nanotubes? Mol Cell Neurosci 2024; 129:103936. [PMID: 38750678 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2024.103936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders impact around one billion individuals globally (15 % approx.), with significant implications for disability and mortality with their impact in Australia currently amounts to 6.8 million deaths annually. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are complex extracellular molecules implicated in promoting Tau fibril formation resulting in Tau tangles, a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). HSPG-Tau protein interactions contribute to various AD stages via aggregation, toxicity, and clearance, largely via interactions with the glypican 1 and syndecan 3 core proteins. The tunnelling nanotubes (TNTs) pathway is emerging as a facilitator of intercellular molecule transport, including Tau and Amyloid β proteins, across extensive distances. While current TNT-associated evidence primarily stems from cancer models, their role in Tau propagation and its effects on recipient cells remain unclear. This review explores the interplay of TNTs, HSPGs, and AD-related factors and proposes that HSPGs influence TNT formation in neurodegenerative conditions such as AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duy L B Nguyen
- Stem Cell and Neurogenesis Group, Genomics Research Centre, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 60 Musk Ave., Kelvin Grove, Queensland 4059, Australia
| | - Rachel K Okolicsanyi
- Stem Cell and Neurogenesis Group, Genomics Research Centre, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 60 Musk Ave., Kelvin Grove, Queensland 4059, Australia; ARC Training Centre for Cell and Tissue Engineering Technologies, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Australia
| | - Larisa M Haupt
- Stem Cell and Neurogenesis Group, Genomics Research Centre, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 60 Musk Ave., Kelvin Grove, Queensland 4059, Australia; Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 60 Musk Ave., Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia; ARC Training Centre for Cell and Tissue Engineering Technologies, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Australia; Max Planck Queensland Centre for the Materials Sciences of Extracellular Matrices, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Australia.
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13
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Zhu Y, Gasbarri M, Zebret S, Pawar S, Mathez G, Diderich J, Valencia-Camargo AD, Russenberger D, Wang H, Silva PH, Dela Cruz JAB, Wei L, Cagno V, Münz C, Speck RF, Desmecht D, Stellacci F. Benzene with Alkyl Chains Is a Universal Scaffold for Multivalent Virucidal Antivirals. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2024; 10:1012-1021. [PMID: 38799657 PMCID: PMC11117723 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.4c00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Most viruses start their invasion by binding to glycoproteins' moieties on the cell surface (heparan sulfate proteoglycans [HSPG] or sialic acid [SA]). Antivirals mimicking these moieties multivalently are known as broad-spectrum multivalent entry inhibitors (MEI). Due to their reversible mechanism, efficacy is lost when concentrations fall below an inhibitory threshold. To overcome this limitation, we modify MEIs with hydrophobic arms rendering the inhibitory mechanism irreversible, i.e., preventing the efficacy loss upon dilution. However, all our HSPG-mimicking MEIs only showed reversible inhibition against HSPG-binding SARS-CoV-2. Here, we present a systematic investigation of a series of small molecules, all containing a core and multiple hydrophobic arms terminated with HSPG-mimicking moieties. We identify the ones that have irreversible inhibition against all viruses including SARS-CoV-2 and discuss their design principles. We show efficacy in vivo against SARS-CoV-2 in a Syrian hamster model through both intranasal instillation and aerosol inhalation in a therapeutic setting (12 h postinfection). We also show the utility of the presented design rules in producing SA-mimicking MEIs with irreversible inhibition against SA-binding influenza viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhu
- Institute
of Materials, École Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 12, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Matteo Gasbarri
- Institute
of Materials, École Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 12, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Soumaila Zebret
- Institute
of Materials, École Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 12, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sujeet Pawar
- Institute
of Materials, École Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 12, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gregory Mathez
- Institute
of Microbiology, University Hospital of
Lausanne and University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 48, 1011 Lausanne, Switerland
| | - Jacob Diderich
- Faculty
of
Veterinary Medicine Department of Pathology, University of Liège, Sart Tilman B43a, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Alma Delia Valencia-Camargo
- Institute
of Experimental Immunology, University of
Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Doris Russenberger
- Department
of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Hygiene, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Heyun Wang
- Institute
of Materials, École Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 12, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paulo Henrique
Jacob Silva
- Institute
of Materials, École Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 12, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jay-ar B. Dela Cruz
- Institute
of Materials, École Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 12, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lixia Wei
- Institute
of Materials, École Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 12, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Valeria Cagno
- Institute
of Microbiology, University Hospital of
Lausanne and University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 48, 1011 Lausanne, Switerland
| | - Christian Münz
- Institute
of Experimental Immunology, University of
Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Roberto F. Speck
- Department
of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Hygiene, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Desmecht
- Faculty
of
Veterinary Medicine Department of Pathology, University of Liège, Sart Tilman B43a, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Francesco Stellacci
- Institute
of Materials, École Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 12, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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14
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Riabkova NS, Bogomolova AP, Kogan AE, Katrukha IA, Vylegzhanina AV, Pevzner DV, Alieva AK, Bereznikova AV, Katrukha AG. Interaction of heparin with human cardiac troponin complex and its influence on the immunodetection of troponins in human blood samples. Clin Chem Lab Med 2024; 0:cclm-2024-0066. [PMID: 38738903 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2024-0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Heparin is a highly charged polysaccharide used as an anticoagulant to prevent blood coagulation in patients with presumed myocardial infarction and to prepare heparin plasma samples for laboratory tests. There are conflicting data regarding the effects of heparin on the measurement of cardiac isoforms of troponin I (cTnI) and troponin T (cTnT), which are used for the immunodiagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. In this study, we investigated the influence of heparin on the immunodetection of human cardiac troponins. METHODS Gel filtration (GF) techniques and sandwich fluoroimmunoassay were performed. The regions of сTnI and cTnT that are affected by heparin were investigated with a panel of anti-cTnI and anti-cTnT monoclonal antibodies, specific to different epitopes. RESULTS Heparin was shown to bind to the human cardiac full-size ternary troponin complex (ITC-complex) and free cTnT, which increased their apparent molecular weights in GF studies. Heparin did not bind to the low molecular weight ITC-complex and to binary cTnI-troponin С complex. We did not detect any sites on cTnI in the ITC-complex that were specifically affected by heparin. In contrast, cTnT regions limited to approximately 69-99, 119-138 and 145-164 amino acid residues (aar) in the ITC-complex and a region that lies approximately between 236 and 255 aar of free cTnT were prone to heparin influence. CONCLUSIONS Heparin binds to the ITC-complex via cTnT, interacting with several sites on the N-terminal and/or central parts of the cTnT molecule, which might influence the immunodetection of analytes in human blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia S Riabkova
- HyTest Ltd., Turku, Finland
- Department of Biochemistry, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Agnessa P Bogomolova
- HyTest Ltd., Turku, Finland
- Department of Biochemistry, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander E Kogan
- HyTest Ltd., Turku, Finland
- Department of Biochemistry, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan A Katrukha
- HyTest Ltd., Turku, Finland
- Department of Biochemistry, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Dmitry V Pevzner
- National Medical Research Centre of Cardiology Named After Academician E.I. Chazov, Moscow, Russia
| | - Amina K Alieva
- National Medical Research Centre of Cardiology Named After Academician E.I. Chazov, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia V Bereznikova
- HyTest Ltd., Turku, Finland
- Department of Biochemistry, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey G Katrukha
- HyTest Ltd., Turku, Finland
- Department of Biochemistry, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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15
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Ha JH, Xu Y, Sekhon H, Zhao W, Wilkens S, Ren D, Loh SN. Mimicking kidney flow shear efficiently induces aggregation of LECT2, a protein involved in renal amyloidosis. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107231. [PMID: 38537700 PMCID: PMC11040205 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Aggregation of leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 2 (LECT2) causes ALECT2, a systemic amyloidosis that affects the kidney and liver. Previous studies established that LECT2 fibrillogenesis is accelerated by the loss of its bound zinc ion and stirring/shaking. These forms of agitation create heterogeneous shear conditions, including air-liquid interfaces that denature proteins, that are not present in the body. Here, we determined the extent to which a more physiological form of mechanical stress-shear generated by fluid flow through a network of narrow channels-drives LECT2 fibrillogenesis. To mimic blood flow through the kidney, where LECT2 and other proteins form amyloid deposits, we developed a microfluidic device consisting of progressively branched channels narrowing from 5 mm to 20 μm in width. Shear was particularly pronounced at the branch points and in the smallest capillaries. Aggregation was induced within 24 h by shear levels that were in the physiological range and well below those required to unfold globular proteins such as LECT2. EM images suggested the resulting fibril ultrastructures were different when generated by laminar flow shear versus shaking/stirring. Importantly, results from the microfluidic device showed the first evidence that the I40V mutation accelerated fibril formation and increased both the size and the density of the aggregates. These findings suggest that kidney-like flow shear, in combination with zinc loss, acts in combination with the I40V mutation to trigger LECT2 amyloidogenesis. These microfluidic devices may be of general use for uncovering mechanisms by which blood flow induces misfolding and amyloidosis of circulating proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeung-Hoi Ha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Yikang Xu
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Harsimranjit Sekhon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Wenhan Zhao
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Stephan Wilkens
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Dacheng Ren
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA; Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA.
| | - Stewart N Loh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA.
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16
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Zhang X, Luo Y, Hao H, Krahn JM, Su G, Dutcher R, Xu Y, Liu J, Pedersen LC, Xu D. Heparan sulfate selectively inhibits the collagenase activity of cathepsin K. Matrix Biol 2024; 129:15-28. [PMID: 38548090 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2024.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Cathepsin K (CtsK) is a cysteine protease with potent collagenase activity. CtsK is highly expressed by bone-resorbing osteoclasts and plays an essential role in resorption of bone matrix. Although CtsK is known to bind heparan sulfate (HS), the structural details of the interaction, and how HS regulates the biological functions of CtsK, remains largely unknown. In this report, we discovered that HS is a multifaceted regulator of the structure and function of CtsK. Structurally, HS forms a highly stable complex with CtsK and induces its dimerization. Co-crystal structures of CtsK with bound HS oligosaccharides reveal the location of the HS binding site and suggest how HS may support dimerization. Functionally, HS plays a dual role in regulating the enzymatic activity of CtsK. While it preserves the peptidase activity of CtsK by stabilizing its active conformation, it inhibits the collagenase activity of CtsK in a sulfation level-dependent manner. These opposing effects can be explained by our finding that the HS binding site is remote from the active site, which allows HS to specifically inhibit the collagenase activity without affecting the peptidase activity. At last, we show that structurally defined HS oligosaccharides effectively block osteoclast resorption of bone in vitro without inhibiting osteoclast differentiation, which suggests that HS-based oligosaccharide might be explored as a new class of selective CtsK inhibitor for many diseases involving exaggerated bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Zhang
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Yin Luo
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Huanmeng Hao
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Juno M Krahn
- Macromolecular Structure Group, Epigenetics and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Guowei Su
- Glycan Therapeutics Corp, 617 Hutton Street, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Robert Dutcher
- Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Yongmei Xu
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jian Liu
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lars C Pedersen
- Macromolecular Structure Group, Epigenetics and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Ding Xu
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA.
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17
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Loffredo LF, Surpur A, Ringham OR, Li F, de Los Santos-Alexis K, Arpaia N. Heparan sulfate regulates amphiregulin signaling towards reparative lung mesenchymal cells during influenza A infection. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.25.591175. [PMID: 38712053 PMCID: PMC11071614 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.25.591175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Amphiregulin (Areg), a growth factor produced by regulatory T (Treg) cells to facilitate tissue repair/regeneration, contains a heparan sulfate (HS) binding domain. How HS, a highly sulfated glycan subtype that alters growth factor signaling, influences Areg repair/regeneration functions is unclear. Here we report that inhibition of HS in various cell lines and primary lung mesenchymal cells (LMC) qualitatively alters downstream signaling and highlights the existence of HS-dependent vs. -independent Areg transcriptional signatures. Utilizing a panel of cell lines with targeted deletions in HS synthesis-related genes, we found that the presence of the glypican family of heparan sulfate proteoglycans is critical for Areg signaling and confirmed this dependency in primary LMC by siRNA-mediated knockdown. Furthermore, in the context of influenza A (IAV) infection in vivo , we found that an Areg-responsive subset of reparative LMC upregulate glypican-4 and HS. Conditional deletion of HS primarily within this LMC subset resulted in reduced blood oxygen saturation following infection with IAV, with no changes in viral load. Finally, we found that co-culture of HS-knockout LMC with IAV-induced Treg cells results in reduced LMC responses. Collectively, this study reveals the essentiality of HS on a specific lung mesenchymal population as a mediator of Treg cell-derived Areg reparative signaling during IAV infection.
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18
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Walker V. The Intricacies of Renal Phosphate Reabsorption-An Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4684. [PMID: 38731904 PMCID: PMC11083860 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
To maintain an optimal body content of phosphorus throughout postnatal life, variable phosphate absorption from food must be finely matched with urinary excretion. This amazing feat is accomplished through synchronised phosphate transport by myriads of ciliated cells lining the renal proximal tubules. These respond in real time to changes in phosphate and composition of the renal filtrate and to hormonal instructions. How they do this has stimulated decades of research. New analytical techniques, coupled with incredible advances in computer technology, have opened new avenues for investigation at a sub-cellular level. There has been a surge of research into different aspects of the process. These have verified long-held beliefs and are also dramatically extending our vision of the intense, integrated, intracellular activity which mediates phosphate absorption. Already, some have indicated new approaches for pharmacological intervention to regulate phosphate in common conditions, including chronic renal failure and osteoporosis, as well as rare inherited biochemical disorders. It is a rapidly evolving field. The aim here is to provide an overview of our current knowledge, to show where it is leading, and where there are uncertainties. Hopefully, this will raise questions and stimulate new ideas for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Walker
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton S016 6YD, UK
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19
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Anand S, Mardhekar S, Bhoge PR, Mishra SK, Kikkeri R. Molecular recognition and proteoglycan mimic arrangement: modulating cisplatin toxicity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:4495-4498. [PMID: 38567462 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00464g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
We have demonstrated that cisplatin (CP), an anticancer drug, showed a preference for binding the sulfated-L-iduronic acid (S-L-IdoA) unit over the sulfated-D-glucuronic acid unit of heparan sulfate. The multivalency of S-L-IdoA, such as in the proteoglycan mimic, resulted in distinct modes of cell-surface engineering in normal and cancer cells, with these disparities having a significant impact on CP-mediated toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Anand
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 4110008, India.
| | - Sandhya Mardhekar
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 4110008, India.
| | - Preeti Ravindra Bhoge
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 4110008, India.
| | - Sandeep Kumar Mishra
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 4110008, India.
| | - Raghavendra Kikkeri
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 4110008, India.
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20
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Chen Q, Xu X, Xie S, Sheng A, Han N, Tian Z, Wang X, Li F, Linhardt RJ, Zhang F, Jin L, Zhang Q, Chi L. Improving impact of heparan sulfate on the endothelial glycocalyx abnormalities in atherosclerosis as revealed by glycan-protein interactome. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 330:121834. [PMID: 38368111 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction induced by oxidative stress is an early predictor of atherosclerosis, which can cause various cardiovascular diseases. The glycocalyx layer on the endothelial cell surface acts as a barrier to maintain endothelial biological function, and it can be impaired by oxidative stress. However, the mechanism of glycocalyx damage during the development of atherosclerosis remains largely unclear. Herein, we established a novel strategy to address these issues from the glycomic perspective that has long been neglected. Using countercharged fluorescence protein staining and quantitative mass spectrometry, we found that heparan sulfate, a major component of the glycocalyx, was structurally altered by oxidative stress. Comparative proteomics and protein microarray analysis revealed several new heparan sulfate-binding proteins, among which alpha-2-Heremans-Schmid glycoprotein (AHSG) was identified as a critical protein. The molecular mechanism of AHSG with heparin was characterized through several methods. A heparan analog could relieve atherosclerosis by protecting heparan sulfate from degradation during oxidative stress and by reducing the accumulation of AHSG at lesion sites. In the present study, the molecular mechanism of anti-atherosclerotic effect of heparin through interaction with AHSG was revealed. These findings provide new insights into understanding of glycocalyx damage in atherosclerosis and lead to the development of corresponding therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Chen
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Xiaohui Xu
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Shaoshuai Xie
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Anran Sheng
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Naihan Han
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Zhenyu Tian
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Fuchuan Li
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, United States
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, United States
| | - Lan Jin
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China.
| | - Qunye Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China.
| | - Lianli Chi
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China.
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21
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Ong C, Li M, Xu D. Targeting the heparan sulfate-binding site of RAGE with monoclonal antibodies. Glycobiology 2024; 34:cwae001. [PMID: 38181393 PMCID: PMC10987294 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwae001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Heparan sulfate (HS) plays its biological functions by interacting with hundreds of secreted extracellular and transmembrane proteins. Interaction with HS has been shown to be required for the normal function of many HS-binding proteins. Receptor for advanced glycation end-product (RAGE) is such a protein, whose activation requires HS-induced oligomerization. Using RAGE as an exemplary protein, we show here the workflow of a simple method of developing and characterizing mAbs that targets the HS-binding site. We found that HS-binding site of RAGE is quite immunogenic as 18 out of 94 anti-RAGE mAbs target various epitopes within the HS-binding site. Sequence analysis found that a common feature of anti-HS-binding site mAbs is the presence of abundant acidic residues (range between 6 to 11) in the complementarity determining region, suggesting electrostatic interaction plays an important role in promoting antigen-antibody interaction. Interestingly, mAbs targeting different epitopes within the HS-binding site blocks HS-RAGE interaction to different degrees, and the inhibitory effect is highly consistent among mAbs that target the same epitope. Functional assay revealed that anti-HS-binding site mAbs show different potency in inhibiting osteoclastogenesis, and the inhibitory potency does not have a simple correlation with the affinity and the epitope. Our study demonstrates that developing HS-binding site targeting mAbs should be applicable to most HS-binding proteins. By targeting this unique functional site, these mAbs might find therapeutic applications in treating various human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihyean Ong
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14214, United States
| | - Miaomiao Li
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14214, United States
| | - Ding Xu
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14214, United States
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22
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Joshi A, Chopra P, Venot A, Boons GJ. Chemical Synthesis of Δ-4,5 Unsaturated Heparan Sulfate Oligosaccharides for Biomarker Discovery. Org Lett 2024; 26:2462-2466. [PMID: 38498917 PMCID: PMC10985652 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
A methodology is described that can provide heparan sulfate oligosaccharides having a Δ4,5-double bond, which are needed as analytical standards and biomarkers for mucopolysaccharidoses. It is based on chemical oligosaccharide synthesis followed by modification of the C-4 hydroxyl of the terminal uronic acid moiety as methanesulfonate. This leaving group is stable under conditions used to remove temporary protecting groups, O-sulfation, and hydrogenolysis. Treatment with NaOH results in elimination of the methanesulfonate and formation of a Δ4,5-double bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apoorva Joshi
- Complex
Carbohydrate Research Center, University
of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Pradeep Chopra
- Complex
Carbohydrate Research Center, University
of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Andre Venot
- Complex
Carbohydrate Research Center, University
of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Geert-Jan Boons
- Complex
Carbohydrate Research Center, University
of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Department
of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical
Sciences, and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg
99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
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23
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Debnath K, Qayoom I, O'Donnell S, Ekiert J, Wang C, Sanborn MA, Liu C, Rivera A, Cho IS, Saichellappa S, Toth PT, Mehta D, Rehman J, Du X, Gao Y, Shin JW. Matrimeres are systemic nanoscale mediators of tissue integrity and function. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.25.586585. [PMID: 38585943 PMCID: PMC10996590 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.25.586585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Tissue barriers must be rapidly restored after injury to promote regeneration. However, the mechanism behind this process is unclear, particularly in cases where the underlying extracellular matrix is still compromised. Here, we report the discovery of matrimeres as constitutive nanoscale mediators of tissue integrity and function. We define matrimeres as non-vesicular nanoparticles secreted by cells, distinguished by a primary composition comprising at least one matrix protein and DNA molecules serving as scaffolds. Mesenchymal stromal cells assemble matrimeres from fibronectin and DNA within acidic intracellular compartments. Drawing inspiration from this biological process, we have achieved the successful reconstitution of matrimeres without cells. This was accomplished by using purified matrix proteins, including fibronectin and vitronectin, and DNA molecules under optimal acidic pH conditions, guided by the heparin-binding domain and phosphate backbone, respectively. Plasma fibronectin matrimeres circulate in the blood at homeostasis but exhibit a 10-fold decrease during systemic inflammatory injury in vivo . Exogenous matrimeres rapidly restore vascular integrity by actively reannealing endothelial cells post-injury and remain persistent in the host tissue matrix. The scalable production of matrimeres holds promise as a biologically inspired platform for regenerative nanomedicine.
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24
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Moon S, Lee HH, Archer-Hartmann S, Nagai N, Mubasher Z, Parappurath M, Ahmed L, Ramos RL, Kimata K, Azadi P, Cai W, Zhao JY. Knockout of the intellectual disability-linked gene Hs6st2 in mice decreases heparan sulfate 6-O-sulfation, impairs dendritic spines of hippocampal neurons, and affects memory. Glycobiology 2024; 34:cwad095. [PMID: 38015989 PMCID: PMC10969535 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwad095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Heparan sulfate (HS) is a linear polysaccharide that plays a key role in cellular signaling networks. HS functions are regulated by its 6-O-sulfation, which is catalyzed by three HS 6-O-sulfotransferases (HS6STs). Notably, HS6ST2 is mainly expressed in the brain and HS6ST2 mutations are linked to brain disorders, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. To determine the role of Hs6st2 in the brain, we carried out a series of molecular and behavioral assessments on Hs6st2 knockout mice. We first carried out strong anion exchange-high performance liquid chromatography and found that knockout of Hs6st2 moderately decreases HS 6-O-sulfation levels in the brain. We then assessed body weights and found that Hs6st2 knockout mice exhibit increased body weight, which is associated with abnormal metabolic pathways. We also performed behavioral tests and found that Hs6st2 knockout mice showed memory deficits, which recapitulate patient clinical symptoms. To determine the molecular mechanisms underlying the memory deficits, we used RNA sequencing to examine transcriptomes in two memory-related brain regions, the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. We found that knockout of Hs6st2 impairs transcriptome in the hippocampus, but only mildly in the cerebral cortex. Furthermore, the transcriptome changes in the hippocampus are enriched in dendrite and synapse pathways. We also found that knockout of Hs6st2 decreases HS levels and impairs dendritic spines in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons. Taken together, our study provides novel molecular and behavioral insights into the role of Hs6st2 in the brain, which facilitates a better understanding of HS6ST2 and HS-linked brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohyun Moon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Northern Boulevard, P.O. Box 8000, Old Westbury, New York 11568, United States
| | - Hiu Ham Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Northern Boulevard, P.O. Box 8000, Old Westbury, New York 11568, United States
| | - Stephanie Archer-Hartmann
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, 315 Riverbend Road, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - Naoko Nagai
- Institute for Molecular Science of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Zainab Mubasher
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Northern Boulevard, P.O. Box 8000, Old Westbury, New York 11568, United States
| | - Mahima Parappurath
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Northern Boulevard, P.O. Box 8000, Old Westbury, New York 11568, United States
| | - Laiba Ahmed
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Northern Boulevard, P.O. Box 8000, Old Westbury, New York 11568, United States
| | - Raddy L Ramos
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Northern Boulevard, P.O. Box 8000, Old Westbury, New York 11568, United States
| | - Koji Kimata
- Multidisciplinary Pain Center, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Parastoo Azadi
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, 315 Riverbend Road, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - Weikang Cai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Northern Boulevard, P.O. Box 8000, Old Westbury, New York 11568, United States
| | - Jerry Yingtao Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Northern Boulevard, P.O. Box 8000, Old Westbury, New York 11568, United States
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25
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Ricard-Blum S, Vivès RR, Schaefer L, Götte M, Merline R, Passi A, Heldin P, Magalhães A, Reis CA, Skandalis SS, Karamanos NK, Perez S, Nikitovic D. A biological guide to glycosaminoglycans: current perspectives and pending questions. FEBS J 2024. [PMID: 38500384 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Mammalian glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), except hyaluronan (HA), are sulfated polysaccharides that are covalently attached to core proteins to form proteoglycans (PGs). This article summarizes key biological findings for the most widespread GAGs, namely HA, chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS), keratan sulfate (KS), and heparan sulfate (HS). It focuses on the major processes that remain to be deciphered to get a comprehensive view of the mechanisms mediating GAG biological functions. They include the regulation of GAG biosynthesis and postsynthetic modifications in heparin (HP) and HS, the composition, heterogeneity, and function of the tetrasaccharide linkage region and its role in disease, the functional characterization of the new PGs recently identified by glycoproteomics, the selectivity of interactions mediated by GAG chains, the display of GAG chains and PGs at the cell surface and their impact on the availability and activity of soluble ligands, and on their move through the glycocalyx layer to reach their receptors, the human GAG profile in health and disease, the roles of GAGs and particular PGs (syndecans, decorin, and biglycan) involved in cancer, inflammation, and fibrosis, the possible use of GAGs and PGs as disease biomarkers, and the design of inhibitors targeting GAG biosynthetic enzymes and GAG-protein interactions to develop novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Ricard-Blum
- Univ Lyon 1, ICBMS, UMR 5246 University Lyon 1 - CNRS, Villeurbanne cedex, France
| | | | - Liliana Schaefer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Martin Götte
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Germany
| | - Rosetta Merline
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Paraskevi Heldin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Ana Magalhães
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Celso A Reis
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Spyros S Skandalis
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Res. Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Greece
| | - Nikos K Karamanos
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Res. Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Greece
| | - Serge Perez
- Centre de Recherche sur les Macromolécules Végétales, University of Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS, France
| | - Dragana Nikitovic
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
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26
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Katz M, Diskin R. The underlying mechanisms of arenaviral entry through matriglycan. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1371551. [PMID: 38516183 PMCID: PMC10955480 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1371551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Matriglycan, a recently characterized linear polysaccharide, is composed of alternating xylose and glucuronic acid subunits bound to the ubiquitously expressed protein α-dystroglycan (α-DG). Pathogenic arenaviruses, like the Lassa virus (LASV), hijack this long linear polysaccharide to gain cellular entry. Until recently, it was unclear through what mechanisms LASV engages its matriglycan receptor to initiate infection. Additionally, how matriglycan is synthesized onto α-DG by the Golgi-resident glycosyltransferase LARGE1 remained enigmatic. Recent structural data for LARGE1 and for the LASV spike complex informs us about the synthesis of matriglycan as well as its usage as an entry receptor by arenaviruses. In this review, we discuss structural insights into the system of matriglycan generation and eventual recognition by pathogenic viruses. We also highlight the unique usage of matriglycan as a high-affinity host receptor compared with other polysaccharides that decorate cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ron Diskin
- Department of Chemical and Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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27
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Melrose J. Hippo cell signaling and HS-proteoglycans regulate tissue form and function, age-dependent maturation, extracellular matrix remodeling, and repair. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 326:C810-C828. [PMID: 38223931 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00683.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
This review examined how Hippo cell signaling and heparan sulfate (HS)-proteoglycans (HSPGs) regulate tissue form and function. Despite being a nonweight-bearing tissue, the brain is regulated by Hippo mechanoresponsive cell signaling pathways during embryonic development. HS-proteoglycans interact with growth factors, morphogens, and extracellular matrix components to regulate development and pathology. Pikachurin and Eyes shut (Eys) interact with dystroglycan to stabilize the photoreceptor axoneme primary cilium and ribbon synapse facilitating phototransduction and neurotransduction with bipolar retinal neuronal networks in ocular vision, the primary human sense. Another HSPG, Neurexin interacts with structural and adaptor proteins to stabilize synapses and ensure specificity of neural interactions, and aids in synaptic potentiation and plasticity in neurotransduction. HSPGs also stabilize the blood-brain barrier and motor neuron basal structures in the neuromuscular junction. Agrin and perlecan localize acetylcholinesterase and its receptors in the neuromuscular junction essential for neuromuscular control. The primary cilium is a mechanosensory hub on neurons, utilized by YES associated protein (YAP)-transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) Hippo, Hh, Wnt, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β/bone matrix protein (BMP) receptor tyrosine kinase cell signaling. Members of the glypican HSPG proteoglycan family interact with Smoothened and Patched G-protein coupled receptors on the cilium to regulate Hh and Wnt signaling during neuronal development. Control of glycosyl sulfotransferases and endogenous protease expression by Hippo TAZ YAP represents a mechanism whereby the fine structure of HS-proteoglycans can be potentially modulated spatiotemporally to regulate tissue morphogenesis in a similar manner to how Hippo signaling controls sialyltransferase expression and mediation of cell-cell recognition, dysfunctional sialic acid expression is a feature of many tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Melrose
- Raymond Purves Laboratory, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School-Northern, University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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28
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Jonsson AH. Synovial Tissue Insights into Heterogeneity of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2024; 26:81-88. [PMID: 38157158 PMCID: PMC11245950 DOI: 10.1007/s11926-023-01129-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Rheumatoid arthritis is one of the most common rheumatic and autoimmune diseases. While it can affect many different organ systems, RA primarily involves inflammation in the synovium, the tissue that lines joints. Patients with RA exhibit significant clinical heterogeneity in terms of presence or absence of autoantibodies, degree of permanent deformities, and most importantly, treatment response. These clinical characteristics point to heterogeneity in the cellular and molecular pathogenesis of RA, an area that several recent studies have begun to address. RECENT FINDINGS Single-cell RNA-sequencing initiatives and deeper focused studies have revealed several RA-associated cell populations in synovial tissues, including peripheral helper T cells, autoimmunity-associated B cells (ABCs), and NOTCH3+ sublining fibroblasts. Recent large transcriptional studies and translational clinical trials present frameworks to capture cellular and molecular heterogeneity in RA synovium. Technological developments, such as spatial transcriptomics and machine learning, promise to further elucidate the different types of RA synovitis and the biological mechanisms that characterize them, key elements of precision medicine to optimize patient care and outcomes in RA. This review recaps the findings of those recent studies and puts our current knowledge and future challenges into scientific and clinical perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Helena Jonsson
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
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29
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Rabinowitz ZM, Wang Z, Liu J, Zhang Y, Ybargollin AJ, Saketkhou M, Cui L. A Fluorogenic Green Merocyanine-Based Probe to Detect Heparanase-1 Activity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.25.581963. [PMID: 38464176 PMCID: PMC10925095 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.25.581963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Heparanase-1 (HPSE-1), an endo-β-D-glucuronidase, is an extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling enzyme that degrades heparan sulfate (HS) chains of heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs). HPSE-1 functions to remodel the ECM and thereby disseminate cells, liberate HS-bound bioactive molecules, and release biologically active HS fragments. Being the only known enzyme for the cleavage of HS, HPSE-1 regulates a number of fundamental cellular processes including cell migration, cytokine regulation, angiogenesis, and wound healing. Overexpression of HPSE-1 has been discovered in most cancers, inflammatory diseases, viral infections, among others. As an emerging therapeutic target, the biological role of HPSE-1 remains to be explored but is hampered by a lack of research tools. To expand the chemical tool-kit of fluorogenic probes to interrogate HPSE-1 activity, we design and synthesized a fluorogenic green disaccharide-based HPSE-1 probe using our design strategy of tuning the electronic effect of the aryl aglycon. The novel probe exhibits a highly sensitive 278-fold fluorescence turn-on response in the presence of recombinant human HPSE-1, while emitting green light at 560 nm, enabling the fluorescence imaging of HPSE-1 activity in cells.
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30
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Martinez HA, Koliesnik I, Kaber G, Reid JK, Nagy N, Barlow G, Falk BA, Medina CO, Hargil A, Zihsler S, Vlodavsky I, Li JP, Pérez-Cruz M, Tang SW, Meyer EH, Wrenshall LE, Lord JD, Garcia KC, Palmer TD, Steinman L, Nepom GT, Wight TN, Bollyky PL, Kuipers HF. Regulatory T cells use heparanase to access IL-2 bound to extracellular matrix in inflamed tissue. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1564. [PMID: 38378682 PMCID: PMC10879116 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45012-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Although FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Treg) depend on IL-2 produced by other cells for their survival and function, the levels of IL-2 in inflamed tissue are low, making it unclear how Treg access this critical resource. Here, we show that Treg use heparanase (HPSE) to access IL-2 sequestered by heparan sulfate (HS) within the extracellular matrix (ECM) of inflamed central nervous system tissue. HPSE expression distinguishes human and murine Treg from conventional T cells and is regulated by the availability of IL-2. HPSE-/- Treg have impaired stability and function in vivo, including in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model of multiple sclerosis. Conversely, endowing monoclonal antibody-directed chimeric antigen receptor (mAbCAR) Treg with HPSE enhances their ability to access HS-sequestered IL-2 and their ability to suppress neuroinflammation in vivo. Together, these data identify a role for HPSE and the ECM in immune tolerance, providing new avenues for improving Treg-based therapy of autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunter A Martinez
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ievgen Koliesnik
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Gernot Kaber
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jacqueline K Reid
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Nadine Nagy
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Graham Barlow
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ben A Falk
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Carlos O Medina
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Aviv Hargil
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Svenja Zihsler
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Jin-Ping Li
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Magdiel Pérez-Cruz
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sai-Wen Tang
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Everett H Meyer
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lucile E Wrenshall
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - James D Lord
- Translational Research Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - K Christopher Garcia
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Theo D Palmer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lawrence Steinman
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Gerald T Nepom
- Immune Tolerance Network, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Thomas N Wight
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Paul L Bollyky
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hedwich F Kuipers
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
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31
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Maity S, Acharya A. Many Roles of Carbohydrates: A Computational Spotlight on the Coronavirus S Protein Binding. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:646-656. [PMID: 36947738 PMCID: PMC10880061 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c01064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation is one of the post-translational modifications with more than 50% of human proteins being glycosylated. The exact nature and chemical composition of glycans are inaccessible to X-ray or cryo-electron microscopy imaging techniques. Therefore, computational modeling studies and molecular dynamics must be used as a "computational microscope". The spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2 is heavily glycosylated, and a few glycans play a more functional role "beyond shielding". In this mini-review, we discuss computational investigations of the roles of specific S-protein and ACE2 glycans in the overall ACE2-S protein binding. We highlight different functions of specific glycans demonstrated in myriad computational models and simulations in the context of the SARS-CoV-2 virus binding to the receptor. We also discuss interactions between glycocalyx and the S protein, which may be utilized to design prophylactic polysaccharide-based therapeutics targeting the S protein. In addition, we underline the recent emergence of coronavirus variants and their impact on the S protein and its glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Maity
- Department
of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Atanu Acharya
- Department
of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
- BioInspired
Syracuse, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
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32
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Choi AS, Jenkins-Lane LM, Barton W, Kumari A, Lancaster C, Raulerson C, Ji H, Altomare D, Starr MD, Whitaker R, Phaeton R, Arend R, Shtutman M, Nixon AB, Hempel N, Lee NY, Mythreye K. Glycosaminoglycan modifications of betaglycan regulate ectodomain shedding to fine-tune TGF-β signaling responses in ovarian cancer. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:128. [PMID: 38360757 PMCID: PMC10870443 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01496-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
In pathologies including cancer, aberrant Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) signaling exerts profound tumor intrinsic and extrinsic consequences. Intense clinical endeavors are underway to target this pathway. Central to the success of these interventions is pinpointing factors that decisively modulate the TGF-β responses. Betaglycan/type III TGF-β receptor (TβRIII), is an established co-receptor for the TGF-β superfamily known to bind directly to TGF-βs 1-3 and inhibin A/B. Betaglycan can be membrane-bound and also undergo ectodomain cleavage to produce soluble-betaglycan that can sequester its ligands. Its extracellular domain undergoes heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycan modifications, transforming betaglycan into a proteoglycan. We report the unexpected discovery that the heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycan chains on betaglycan are critical for the ectodomain shedding. In the absence of such glycosaminoglycan chains betaglycan is not shed, a feature indispensable for the ability of betaglycan to suppress TGF-β signaling and the cells' responses to exogenous TGF-β ligands. Using unbiased transcriptomics, we identified TIMP3 as a key inhibitor of betaglycan shedding thereby influencing TGF-β signaling. Our results bear significant clinical relevance as modified betaglycan is present in the ascites of patients with ovarian cancer and can serve as a marker for predicting patient outcomes and TGF-β signaling responses. These studies are the first to demonstrate a unique reliance on the glycosaminoglycan chains of betaglycan for shedding and influence on TGF-β signaling responses. Dysregulated shedding of TGF-β receptors plays a vital role in determining the response and availability of TGF-βs', which is crucial for prognostic predictions and understanding of TGF-β signaling dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex S Choi
- Department of Pathology and O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Laura M Jenkins-Lane
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Wade Barton
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Asha Kumari
- Department of Pathology and O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Carly Lancaster
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Calen Raulerson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Hao Ji
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Diego Altomare
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Mark D Starr
- Department of Medicine and Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Regina Whitaker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Rebecca Phaeton
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Rebecca Arend
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Michael Shtutman
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Andrew B Nixon
- Department of Medicine and Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Nadine Hempel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Nam Y Lee
- Division of Pharmacology, Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Karthikeyan Mythreye
- Department of Pathology and O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
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Kunnathattil M, Rahul P, Skaria T. Soluble vascular endothelial glycocalyx proteoglycans as potential therapeutic targets in inflammatory diseases. Immunol Cell Biol 2024; 102:97-116. [PMID: 37982607 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Reducing the activity of cytokines and leukocyte extravasation is an emerging therapeutic strategy to limit tissue-damaging inflammatory responses and restore immune homeostasis in inflammatory diseases. Proteoglycans embedded in the vascular endothelial glycocalyx, which regulate the activity of cytokines to restrict the inflammatory response in physiological conditions, are proteolytically cleaved in inflammatory diseases. Here we critically review the potential of proteolytically shed, soluble vascular endothelial glycocalyx proteoglycans to modulate pathological inflammatory responses. Soluble forms of the proteoglycans syndecan-1, syndecan-3 and biglycan exert beneficial anti-inflammatory effects by the removal of chemokines, suppression of proinflammatory cytokine expression and leukocyte migration, and induction of autophagy of proinflammatory M1 macrophages. By contrast, soluble versikine and decorin enhance proinflammatory responses by increasing inflammatory cytokine synthesis and leukocyte migration. Endogenous syndecan-2 and mimecan exert proinflammatory effects, syndecan-4 and perlecan mediate beneficial anti-inflammatory effects and glypican regulates Hh and Wnt signaling pathways involved in systemic inflammatory responses. Taken together, targeting the vascular endothelial glycocalyx-derived, soluble syndecan-1, syndecan-2, syndecan-3, syndecan-4, biglycan, versikine, mimecan, perlecan, glypican and decorin might be a potential therapeutic strategy to suppress overstimulated cytokine and leukocyte responses in inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maneesha Kunnathattil
- Department of Zoology, Government College Madappally, University of Calicut, Calicut, Kerala, India
| | - Pedapudi Rahul
- School of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Calicut, Kerala, India
| | - Tom Skaria
- School of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Calicut, Kerala, India
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Zehr EP, Erzen CL, Oshima K, Langouet-Astrie CJ, LaRiviere WB, Shi D, Zhang F, McCollister BD, Windham SL, Rizzo AN, Bastarache JA, Horswill AR, Schmidt EP, Kwiecinski JM, Colbert JF. Bacterial pneumonia-induced shedding of epithelial heparan sulfate inhibits the bactericidal activity of cathelicidin in a murine model. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2024; 326:L206-L212. [PMID: 38113313 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00178.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial pneumonia is a common clinical syndrome leading to significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. In the current study, we investigate a novel, multidirectional relationship between the pulmonary epithelial glycocalyx and antimicrobial peptides in the setting of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) pneumonia. Using an in vivo pneumonia model, we demonstrate that highly sulfated heparan sulfate (HS) oligosaccharides are shed into the airspaces in response to MRSA pneumonia. In vitro, these HS oligosaccharides do not directly alter MRSA growth or gene transcription. However, in the presence of an antimicrobial peptide (cathelicidin), increasing concentrations of HS inhibit the bactericidal activity of cathelicidin against MRSA as well as other nosocomial pneumonia pathogens (Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) in a dose-dependent manner. Surface plasmon resonance shows avid binding between HS and cathelicidin with a dissociation constant of 0.13 μM. These findings highlight a complex relationship in which shedding of airspace HS may hamper host defenses against nosocomial infection via neutralization of antimicrobial peptides. These findings may inform future investigation into novel therapeutic targets designed to restore local innate immune function in patients suffering from primary bacterial pneumonia.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Primary Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia causes pulmonary epithelial heparan sulfate (HS) shedding into the airspace. These highly sulfated HS fragments do not alter bacterial growth or transcription, but directly bind with host antimicrobial peptides and inhibit the bactericidal activity of these cationic polypeptides. These findings highlight a complex local interaction between the pulmonary epithelial glycocalyx and antimicrobial peptides in the setting of bacterial pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan P Zehr
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Christopher L Erzen
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Kaori Oshima
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | | | - Wells B LaRiviere
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Deling Shi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, United States
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, United States
| | - Bruce D McCollister
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Samuel L Windham
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Alicia N Rizzo
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Julie A Bastarache
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Alexander R Horswill
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States
- Department of Medicine, Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Eric P Schmidt
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | | | - James F Colbert
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States
- Department of Medicine, Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado, United States
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Luo Y, Hao H, Wang Z, Ong CY, Dutcher R, Xu Y, Liu J, Pedersen LC, Xu D. Heparan sulfate promotes TRAIL-induced tumor cell apoptosis. eLife 2024; 12:RP90192. [PMID: 38265424 PMCID: PMC10945736 DOI: 10.7554/elife.90192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand) is a potent inducer of tumor cell apoptosis through TRAIL receptors. While it has been previously pursued as a potential anti-tumor therapy, the enthusiasm subsided due to unsuccessful clinical trials and the fact that many tumors are resistant to TRAIL. In this report, we identified heparan sulfate (HS) as an important regulator of TRAIL-induced apoptosis. TRAIL binds HS with high affinity (KD = 73 nM) and HS induces TRAIL to form higher-order oligomers. The HS-binding site of TRAIL is located at the N-terminus of soluble TRAIL, which includes three basic residues. Binding to cell surface HS plays an essential role in promoting the apoptotic activity of TRAIL in both breast cancer and myeloma cells, and this promoting effect can be blocked by heparin, which is commonly administered to cancer patients. We also quantified HS content in several lines of myeloma cells and found that the cell line showing the most resistance to TRAIL has the least expression of HS, which suggests that HS expression in tumor cells could play a role in regulating sensitivity towards TRAIL. We also discovered that death receptor 5 (DR5), TRAIL, and HS can form a ternary complex and that cell surface HS plays an active role in promoting TRAIL-induced cellular internalization of DR5. Combined, our study suggests that TRAIL-HS interactions could play multiple roles in regulating the apoptotic potency of TRAIL and might be an important point of consideration when designing future TRAIL-based anti-tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Luo
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, The State University of New YorkBuffaloUnited States
| | - Huanmeng Hao
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, The State University of New YorkBuffaloUnited States
| | - Zhangjie Wang
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North CarolinaChapel HillUnited States
| | - Chih Yean Ong
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, The State University of New YorkBuffaloUnited States
| | - Robert Dutcher
- Macromolecular Structure Group, Epigenetics and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of HealthResearch Triangle ParkUnited States
| | - Yongmei Xu
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North CarolinaChapel HillUnited States
| | - Jian Liu
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North CarolinaChapel HillUnited States
| | - Lars C Pedersen
- Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of HealthResearch Triangle ParkUnited States
| | - Ding Xu
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, The State University of New YorkBuffaloUnited States
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Zhang X, Luo Y, Hao H, Krahn JM, Su G, Dutcher R, Xu Y, Liu J, Pedersen LC, Xu D. Heparan sulfate selectively inhibits the collagenase activity of cathepsin K. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.05.574350. [PMID: 38260317 PMCID: PMC10802503 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.05.574350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Cathepsin K (CtsK) is a cysteine protease with potent collagenase activity. CtsK is highly expressed by bone-resorbing osteoclasts and plays an essential role in bone remodeling. Although CtsK is known to bind heparan sulfate (HS), the structural details of the interaction, and how HS ultimately regulates the biological functions of CtsK, remains largely unknown. In this report, we determined that CtsK preferably binds to larger HS oligosaccharides, such as dodecasaccharides (12mer), and that the12mer can induce monomeric CtsK to form a stable dimer in solution. Interestingly, while HS has no effect on the peptidase activity of CtsK, it greatly inhibits the collagenase activity of CtsK in a manner dependent on sulfation level. By forming a complex with CtsK, HS was able to preserve the full peptidase activity of CtsK for prolonged periods, likely by stabilizing its active conformation. Crystal structures of Ctsk with a bound 12mer, alone and in the presence of the endogenous inhibitor cystatin-C reveal the location of HS binding is remote from the active site. Mutagenesis based on these complex structures identified 6 basic residues of Ctsk that play essential roles in mediating HS-binding. At last, we show that HS 12mers can effectively block osteoclast resorption of bone in vitro. Combined, we have shown that HS can function as a multifaceted regulator of CtsK and that HS-based oligosaccharide might be explored as a new class of selective CtsK inhibitor in many diseases that involve exaggerated bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Zhang
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Yin Luo
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Huanmeng Hao
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Juno M. Krahn
- Macromolecular Structure Group, Epigenetics and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Guowei Su
- Glycan Therapeutics Corp, 617 Hutton Street, Raleigh, NC 27606
| | - Robert Dutcher
- Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Yongmei Xu
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jian Liu
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lars C. Pedersen
- Macromolecular Structure Group, Epigenetics and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Ding Xu
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
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Nakato E, Kamimura K, Knudsen C, Masutani S, Takemura M, Hayashi Y, Akiyama T, Nakato H. Differential heparan sulfate dependency of the Drosophila glypicans. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105544. [PMID: 38072044 PMCID: PMC10796981 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are composed of a core protein and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains and serve as coreceptors for many growth factors and morphogens. To understand the molecular mechanisms by which HSPGs regulate morphogen gradient formation and signaling, it is important to determine the relative contributions of the carbohydrate and protein moieties to the proteoglycan function. To address this question, we generated ΔGAG alleles for dally and dally-like protein (dlp), two Drosophila HSPGs of the glypican family, in which all GAG-attachment serine residues are substituted to alanine residues using CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis. In these alleles, the glypican core proteins are expressed from the endogenous loci with no GAG modification. Analyses of the dallyΔGAG allele defined Dally functions that do not require heparan sulfate (HS) chains and that need both core protein and HS chains. We found a new, dallyΔGAG-specific phenotype, the formation of a posterior ectopic vein, which we have never seen in the null mutants. Unlike dallyΔGAG, dlpΔGAG mutants do not show most of the dlp null mutant phenotypes, suggesting that HS chains are dispensable for these dlp functions. As an exception, HS is essentially required for Dlp's activity at the neuromuscular junction. Thus, Drosophila glypicans show strikingly different levels of HS dependency. The ΔGAG mutant alleles of the glypicans serve as new molecular genetic toolsets highly useful to address important biological questions, such as molecular mechanisms of morphogen gradient formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eriko Nakato
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Keisuke Kamimura
- Developmental Neuroscience Project, Department of Brain and Neurosciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Collin Knudsen
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Suzuka Masutani
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Masahiko Takemura
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Yoshiki Hayashi
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takuya Akiyama
- Department of Biology, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, Indiana, USA
| | - Hiroshi Nakato
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
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Nakato E, Baker S, Kinoshita-Toyoda A, Knudsen C, Lu YS, Takemura M, Toyoda H, Nakato H. In vivo activities of heparan sulfate differentially modified by NDSTs during development. PROTEOGLYCAN RESEARCH 2024; 2:e17. [PMID: 38616954 PMCID: PMC11011245 DOI: 10.1002/pgr2.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) serve as co-receptors for growth factor signaling during development. It is well known that the level and patterns of sulfate groups of heparan sulfate (HS) chains, or HS fine structures, have a major impact on HSPG function. On the other hand, the physiological significance of other structural features of HS, including NS/NA domain organization, remains to be elucidated. A blueprint of the HS domain structures is mainly controlled by HS N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferases (NDSTs). To analyze in vivo activities of differentially modified HS, we established two knock-in (KI) Drosophila strains with the insertion of mouse Ndst1 (mNdst1) or Ndst2 (mNdst2) in the locus of sulfateless (sfl), the only Drosophila NDST. In these KI lines, mNDSTs are expressed from the sfl locus, in the level and patterns identical to the endogenous sfl gene. Thus, phenotypes of Ndst1 KI and Ndst2KI animals reflect the ability of HS structures made by these enzymes to rescue sfl mutation. Remarkably, we found that mNdst1 completely rescued the loss of sfl. mNdst2 showed a limited rescue ability, despite a higher level of HS sulfation compared to HS in mNdst1 KI. Our study suggests that independent of sulfation levels, additional HS structural features controlled by NDSTs play key roles during tissue patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eriko Nakato
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sarah Baker
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Collin Knudsen
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Yi-Si Lu
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Hidenao Toyoda
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakato
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Marcisz M, Anila S, Gaardløs M, Zacharias M, Samsonov SA. Studying specificity in protein-glycosaminoglycan recognition with umbrella sampling. Beilstein J Org Chem 2023; 19:1933-1946. [PMID: 38170083 PMCID: PMC10760462 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.19.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
In the past few decades, glycosaminoglycan (GAG) research has been crucial for gaining insights into various physiological, pathological, and therapeutic aspects mediated by the direct interactions between the GAG molecules and diverse proteins. The structural and functional heterogeneities of GAGs as well as their ability to bind specific proteins are determined by the sugar composition of the GAG, the size of the GAG chains, and the degree and pattern of sulfation. A deep understanding of the interactions in protein-GAG complexes is essential to explain their biological functions. In this study, the umbrella sampling (US) approach is used to pull away a GAG ligand from the binding site and then pull it back in. We analyze the binding interactions between GAGs of three types (heparin, desulfated heparan sulfate, and chondroitin sulfate) with three different proteins (basic fibroblast growth factor, acidic fibroblast growth factor, and cathepsin K). The main focus of our study was to evaluate whether the US approach is able to reproduce experimentally obtained structures, and how useful it can be for getting a deeper understanding of GAG properties, especially protein recognition specificity and multipose binding. We found that the binding free energy landscape in the proximity of the GAG native binding pose is complex and implies the co-existence of several binding poses. The sliding of a GAG chain along a protein surface could be a potential mechanism of GAG particular sequence recognition by proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Marcisz
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | | | - Martin Zacharias
- Physics Department, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
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40
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Holmes SG, Desai UR. Assessing Genetic Algorithm-Based Docking Protocols for Prediction of Heparin Oligosaccharide Binding Geometries onto Proteins. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1633. [PMID: 38002315 PMCID: PMC10669598 DOI: 10.3390/biom13111633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Although molecular docking has evolved dramatically over the years, its application to glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) has remained challenging because of their intrinsic flexibility, highly anionic character and rather ill-defined site of binding on proteins. GAGs have been treated as either fully "rigid" or fully "flexible" in molecular docking. We reasoned that an intermediate semi-rigid docking (SRD) protocol may be better for the recapitulation of native heparin/heparan sulfate (Hp/HS) topologies. Herein, we study 18 Hp/HS-protein co-complexes containing chains from disaccharide to decasaccharide using genetic algorithm-based docking with rigid, semi-rigid, and flexible docking protocols. Our work reveals that rigid and semi-rigid protocols recapitulate native poses for longer chains (5→10 mers) significantly better than the flexible protocol, while 2→4-mer poses are better predicted using the semi-rigid approach. More importantly, the semi-rigid docking protocol is likely to perform better when no crystal structure information is available. We also present a new parameter for parsing selective versus non-selective GAG-protein systems, which relies on two computational parameters including consistency of binding (i.e., RMSD) and docking score (i.e., GOLD Score). The new semi-rigid protocol in combination with the new computational parameter is expected to be particularly useful in high-throughput screening of GAG sequences for identifying promising druggable targets as well as drug-like Hp/HS sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel G. Holmes
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA;
- Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, 800 E. Leigh Street, Suite 212, Richmond, VA 23219, USA
| | - Umesh R. Desai
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA;
- Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, 800 E. Leigh Street, Suite 212, Richmond, VA 23219, USA
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Ridley AJL, Ou Y, Karlsson R, Pun N, Birchenough HL, Mulholland IZ, Birch ML, MacDonald AS, Jowitt TA, Lawless C, Miller RL, Dyer DP. Chemokines form complex signals during inflammation and disease that can be decoded by extracellular matrix proteoglycans. Sci Signal 2023; 16:eadf2537. [PMID: 37934811 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.adf2537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Chemokine-driven leukocyte recruitment is a key component of the immune response and of various diseases. Therapeutically targeting the chemokine system in inflammatory disease has been unsuccessful, which has been attributed to redundancy. We investigated why chemokines instead have specific, specialized functions, as demonstrated by multiple studies. We analyzed the expression of genes encoding chemokines and their receptors across species, tissues, and diseases. This analysis revealed complex expression patterns such that genes encoding multiple chemokines that mediated recruitment of the same leukocyte type were expressed in the same context, such as the genes encoding the CXCR3 ligands CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11. Through biophysical approaches, we showed that these chemokines differentially interacted with extracellular matrix glycosaminoglycans (ECM GAGs), which was enhanced by sulfation of specific GAGs. Last, in vivo approaches demonstrated that GAG binding was critical for the CXCL9-dependent recruitment of specific T cell subsets but not of others, irrespective of CXCR3 expression. Our data demonstrate that interactions with ECM GAGs regulated whether chemokines were presented on cell surfaces or remained more soluble, thereby affecting chemokine availability and ensuring specificity of chemokine action. Our findings provide a mechanistic understanding of chemokine-mediated immune cell recruitment and identify strategies to target specific chemokines during inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J L Ridley
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Yaqing Ou
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Richard Karlsson
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Nabina Pun
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Holly L Birchenough
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Iashia Z Mulholland
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Mary L Birch
- Biological Services Facility, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Andrew S MacDonald
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Thomas A Jowitt
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Craig Lawless
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Rebecca L Miller
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Douglas P Dyer
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance NHS Group, University of Manchester, Manchester M6 8HD, UK
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Luo Y, Hao H, Wang Z, Ong C, Dutcher R, Xu Y, Liu J, Pedersen LC, Xu D. Heparan sulfate promotes TRAIL-induced tumor cell apoptosis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.26.550758. [PMID: 37546770 PMCID: PMC10402122 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.26.550758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand) is a potent inducer of tumor cell apoptosis through TRAIL receptors. While it has been previously pursued as a potential anti-tumor therapy, the enthusiasm subsided due to unsuccessful clinical trials and the fact that many tumors are resistant to TRAIL. In this report we identified heparan sulfate (HS) as an important regulator of TRAIL-induced apoptosis. TRAIL binds HS with high affinity (KD = 73 nM) and HS induces TRAIL to form higher-order oligomers. The HS-binding site of TRAIL is located at the N-terminus of soluble TRAIL, which includes three basic residues. Binding to cell surface HS plays an essential role in promoting the apoptotic activity of TRAIL in both breast cancer and myeloma cells, and this promoting effect can be blocked by heparin, which is commonly administered to cancer patients. We also quantified HS content in several lines of myeloma cells and found that the cell line showing the most resistance to TRAIL has the least expression of HS, which suggests that HS expression in tumor cells could play a role in regulating sensitivity towards TRAIL. We also discovered that death receptor 5 (DR5), TRAIL and HS can form a ternary complex and that cell surface HS plays an active role in promoting TRAIL-induced cellular internalization of DR5. Combined, our study suggests that TRAIL-HS interactions could play multiple roles in regulating the apoptotic potency of TRAIL and might be an important point of consideration when designing future TRAIL-based anti-tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Luo
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Huanmeng Hao
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Zhangjie Wang
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Chihyean Ong
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Robert Dutcher
- Macromolecular Structure Group, Epigenetics and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Yongmei Xu
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jian Liu
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lars C. Pedersen
- Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Ding Xu
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
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43
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Subedi S, Hwang HJ, Kang D, Mehta PK, Kim N, Park H, Lee JS, Lee KH. Development of peptide-based ratiometric fluorescent probe for sensing heparan sulfate and heparin in aqueous solutions at physiological pH and quantitative detection of heparan sulfate in live cells. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 238:115595. [PMID: 37595478 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Heparan sulfate (HS) plays a critical role in various biological processes as a vital component of the extracellular matrix. In this study, we synthesized three fluorescent probes (1-3) comprising Arg-rich peptides as HS receptors and a fluorophore capable of exhibiting red-shifted emissions upon aggregation. All three probes demonstrated ratiometric responses to HS and heparin in aqueous solutions. Remarkably, probe 3 exhibited a unique ratiometric response to HS in both aqueous solutions at physiological pH and HS proteoglycans on live cells. Probe 3 displayed exceptional sensing properties, including high biocompatibility, water solubility, visible light excitation, a large Stokes shift for ratiometric detection and remarkable selectivity and sensitivity for HS (with a low limit of detection: 720 pM). Binding mode studies unveiled the crucial role of charge interactions between probe 3 and negatively charged HS sugar units. Upon binding, the fluorophore segments of the probes overlapped, inducing green and red emission changes through restricted intramolecular rotation of the fluorophore moiety. Importantly, probe 3 was effectively employed to quantify the reduction of HS proteoglycan levels in live cells by inhibiting HS sulfation using siRNA and an inhibitor. It successfully detected decreased HS levels in cells treated with doxorubicin and irradiation, consistent with results obtained from western blot and immunofluorescence assays. This study presents the first ratiometric fluorescent probe capable of quantitatively detecting HS levels in aqueous solutions and live cells. The unique properties of peptide-based probe 3 make it a valuable tool for studying HS biology and potentially for diagnostic applications in various biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumita Subedi
- Research Center for Controlling Intercellular Communication and Education and Research Center for Smart Energy Materials and Process, South Korea; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Hwang
- Research Center for Controlling Intercellular Communication and Education and Research Center for Smart Energy Materials and Process, South Korea
| | - Donghee Kang
- Research Center for Controlling Intercellular Communication and Education and Research Center for Smart Energy Materials and Process, South Korea; Program in Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 402-751, South Korea
| | - Pramod Kumar Mehta
- Research Center for Controlling Intercellular Communication and Education and Research Center for Smart Energy Materials and Process, South Korea; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South Korea
| | - Nayeon Kim
- Research Center for Controlling Intercellular Communication and Education and Research Center for Smart Energy Materials and Process, South Korea; Program in Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 402-751, South Korea
| | - Hyojin Park
- Research Center for Controlling Intercellular Communication and Education and Research Center for Smart Energy Materials and Process, South Korea; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South Korea
| | - Jae-Seon Lee
- Research Center for Controlling Intercellular Communication and Education and Research Center for Smart Energy Materials and Process, South Korea; Program in Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 402-751, South Korea.
| | - Keun-Hyeung Lee
- Research Center for Controlling Intercellular Communication and Education and Research Center for Smart Energy Materials and Process, South Korea; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South Korea.
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44
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van den Brink DP, Kleinveld DJB, Bongers A, Vos J, Roelofs JTH, Weber NC, van Buul JD, Juffermans NP. The Effects of Heparan Sulfate Infusion on Endothelial and Organ Injury in a Rat Pneumosepsis Model. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6438. [PMID: 37892576 PMCID: PMC10607557 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12206438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Septic shock is characterized by endothelial dysfunction, leading to tissue edema and organ failure. Heparan sulfate (HS) is essential for vascular barrier integrity, possibly via albumin as a carrier. We hypothesized that supplementing fluid resuscitation with HS would improve endothelial barrier function, thereby reducing organ edema and injury in a rat pneumosepsis model. Following intratracheal inoculation with Streptococcus pneumoniae, Sprague Dawley rats were randomized to resuscitation with a fixed volume of either Ringer's Lactate (RL, standard of care), RL supplemented with 7 mg/kg HS, 5% human albumin, or 5% human albumin supplemented with 7 mg/kg HS (n = 11 per group). Controls were sham inoculated animals. Five hours after the start of resuscitation, animals were sacrificed. To assess endothelial permeability, 70 kD FITC-labelled dextran was administered before sacrifice. Blood samples were taken to assess markers of endothelial and organ injury. Organs were harvested to quantify pulmonary FITC-dextran leakage, organ edema, and for histology. Inoculation resulted in sepsis, with increased lactate levels, pulmonary FITC-dextran leakage, pulmonary edema, and pulmonary histologic injury scores compared to healthy controls. RL supplemented with HS did not reduce median pulmonary FITC-dextran leakage compared to RL alone (95.1 CI [62.0-105.3] vs. 87.1 CI [68.9-139.3] µg/mL, p = 0.76). Similarly, albumin supplemented with HS did not reduce pulmonary FITC-dextran leakage compared to albumin (120.0 [93.8-141.2] vs. 116.2 [61.7 vs. 160.8] µg/mL, p = 0.86). No differences were found in organ injury between groups. Heparan sulfate, as an add-on therapy to RL or albumin resuscitation, did not reduce organ or endothelial injury in a rat pneumosepsis model. Higher doses of heparan sulfate may decrease organ and endothelial injury induced by shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daan P. van den Brink
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC, Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands (N.C.W.); (N.P.J.)
| | - Derek J. B. Kleinveld
- Amsterdam UMC, Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands (N.C.W.); (N.P.J.)
- Erasmus MC, Department Anesthesiology, Erasmus University of Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annabel Bongers
- Amsterdam UMC, Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands (N.C.W.); (N.P.J.)
| | - Jaël Vos
- Amsterdam UMC, Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands (N.C.W.); (N.P.J.)
| | - Joris T. H. Roelofs
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Pathology, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC, Cardiovascular Sciences, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nina C. Weber
- Amsterdam UMC, Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands (N.C.W.); (N.P.J.)
- Amsterdam UMC, Cardiovascular Sciences, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap D. van Buul
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Department Molecular Hematology, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy (LCAM), Section Molecular Cytology at Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (SILS), University of Amsterdam, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole P. Juffermans
- Amsterdam UMC, Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands (N.C.W.); (N.P.J.)
- Erasmus MC, Department of Intensive Care, Erasmus University of Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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45
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Bhoge PR, Raigawali R, Mardhekar S, Anand S, Kikkeri R. Synergestic interplay of uronic acid and sulfation composition of heparan sulfate on molecular recognition to activity. Carbohydr Res 2023; 532:108919. [PMID: 37557021 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Heparan sulfate (HS) is ubiquitous polysaccharide on the surface of all mammalian cells and extracellular matrices. The incredible structural complexity of HS arises from its sulfation patterns and disaccharide compositions, which orchestrate a wide range of biological activities. Researchers have developed elegant synthetic methods to obtain well-defined HS oligosaccharides to understand the structure-activity relationship. These studies revealed that specific sulfation codes and uronic acid variants could synergistically modulate HS-protein interactions (HSPI). Additionally, the conformational flexibility of l-Iduronic acid, a uronic acid unit has emerged as a critical factor in fine-tuning the microenvironment to modulate HSPI. This review delineates how uronic acid composition in HS modulates protein binding affinity, selectivity, and biological activity. Finally, the significance of sulfated homo-oligo uronic acid as heparin mimics in drug development is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Ravindra Bhoge
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, 4110008, India
| | - Rakesh Raigawali
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, 4110008, India
| | - Sandhya Mardhekar
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, 4110008, India
| | - Saurabh Anand
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, 4110008, India
| | - Raghavendra Kikkeri
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, 4110008, India.
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46
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Sun L, Wang L, Ye KX, Wang S, Zhang R, Juan Z, Feng L, Min S. Endothelial Glycocalyx in Aging and Age-related Diseases. Aging Dis 2023; 14:1606-1617. [PMID: 37196119 PMCID: PMC10529737 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The worldwide population is aging exponentially, creating burdens to patients, their families and society. Increasing age is associated with higher risk of a wide range of chronic diseases, and aging of the vascular system is closely linked to the development of many age-related diseases. Endothelial glycocalyx is a layer of proteoglycan polymers on the surface of the inner lumen of blood vessels. It plays an important role in maintaining vascular homeostasis and protecting various organ functions. Endothelial glycocalyx loss happens through the aging process and repairing the endothelial glycocalyx may alleviate the symptoms of age-related diseases. Given the important role of the glycocalyx and its regenerative properties, it is posited that the endothelial glycocalyx may be a potential therapeutic target for aging and age-related diseases and repairing endothelial glycocalyx could play a role in the promotion of healthy aging and longevity. Here, we review the composition, function, shedding, and manifestation of the endothelial glycocalyx in aging and age-related diseases, as well as regeneration of endothelial glycocalyx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Sun
- School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Lingyan Wang
- School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.
| | - Kaisy Xinhong Ye
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Shoushi Wang
- School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.
| | - Rui Zhang
- School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.
| | - Zhaodong Juan
- School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.
| | - Lei Feng
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Su Min
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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47
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Olofsson S, Bally M, Trybala E, Bergström T. Structure and Role of O-Linked Glycans in Viral Envelope Proteins. Annu Rev Virol 2023; 10:283-304. [PMID: 37285578 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-virology-111821-121007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
N- and O-glycans are both important constituents of viral envelope glycoproteins. O-linked glycosylation can be initiated by any of 20 different human polypeptide O-acetylgalactosaminyl transferases, resulting in an important functional O-glycan heterogeneity. O-glycans are organized as solitary glycans or in clusters of multiple glycans forming mucin-like domains. They are functional both in the viral life cycle and in viral colonization of their host. Negatively charged O-glycans are crucial for the interactions between glycosaminoglycan-binding viruses and their host. A novel mechanism, based on controlled electrostatic repulsion, explains how such viruses solve the conflict between optimized viral attachment to target cells and efficient egress of progeny virus. Conserved solitary O-glycans appear important for viral uptake in target cells by contributing to viral envelope fusion. Dual roles of viral O-glycans in the host B cell immune response, either epitope blocking or epitope promoting, may be exploitable for vaccine development. Finally, specific virus-induced O-glycans may be involved in viremic spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigvard Olofsson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden;
| | - Marta Bally
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine and Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Edward Trybala
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden;
| | - Tomas Bergström
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden;
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48
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Domaingo A, Jokesch P, Schweiger A, Gschwandtner M, Gerlza T, Koch M, Midwood KS, Kungl AJ. Chemokine Binding to Tenascin-C Influences Chemokine-Induced Immune Cell Migration. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14694. [PMID: 37834140 PMCID: PMC10572825 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Tenascin-C (TNC) is a complex glycoprotein of the extracellular matrix (ECM) involved in a plethora of (patho-)physiological processes, such as oncogenesis and inflammation. Since chemokines play an essential role in both disease processes, we have investigated here the binding of TNC to some of the key chemokines, namely CCL2, CCL26, CXCL8, CXCL10, and CXCL12. Thereby, a differential chemokine-TNC binding pattern was observed, with CCL26 exhibiting the highest and CCL2 the lowest affinity for TNC. Heparan sulfate (HS), another member of the ECM, proved to be a similarly high-affinity ligand of TNC, with a Kd value of 730 nM. Chemokines use glycosa-minoglycans such as HS as co-receptors to induce immune cell migration. Therefore, we assumed an influence of TNC on immune cell chemotaxis due to co-localization within the ECM. CCL26- and CCL2-induced mobilization experiments of eosinophils and monocytes, respectively, were thus performed in the presence and the absence of TNC. Pre-incubation of the immune cells with TNC resulted in a 3.5-fold increase of CCL26-induced eosinophil chemotaxis, whereas a 1.3-fold de-crease in chemotaxis was observed when monocytes were pre-incubated with CCL2. As both chemokines have similar HS binding but different TNC binding affinities, we speculate that TNC acts as an attenuator in monocyte and as an amplifier in eosinophil mobilization by impeding CCL2 from binding to HS on the one hand, and by reinforcing CCL26 to bind to HS on the other hand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alissa Domaingo
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Schubertstr. 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Philipp Jokesch
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Schubertstr. 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Alexandra Schweiger
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Schubertstr. 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Martha Gschwandtner
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Tanja Gerlza
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Schubertstr. 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Manuel Koch
- Institute for Dental Research and Oral Musculoskeletal Biology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Kim S. Midwood
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Andreas J. Kungl
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Schubertstr. 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Antagonis Biotherapeutics GmbH, Strasserhofweg 77a, 8045 Graz, Austria
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49
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Carvelli L, Hermo L, O’Flaherty C, Oko R, Pshezhetsky AV, Morales CR. Effects of Heparan sulfate acetyl-CoA: Alpha-glucosaminide N-acetyltransferase (HGSNAT) inactivation on the structure and function of epithelial and immune cells of the testis and epididymis and sperm parameters in adult mice. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292157. [PMID: 37756356 PMCID: PMC10529547 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Heparan sulfate (HS), an abundant component of the apical cell surface and basement membrane, belongs to the glycosaminoglycan family of carbohydrates covalently linked to proteins called heparan sulfate proteoglycans. After endocytosis, HS is degraded in the lysosome by several enzymes, including heparan-alpha-glucosaminide N-acetyltransferase (HGSNAT), and in its absence causes Mucopolysaccharidosis III type C (Sanfilippo type C). Since endocytosis occurs in epithelial cells of the testis and epididymis, we examined the morphological effects of Hgsnat inactivation in these organs. In the testis, Hgsnat knockout (Hgsnat-Geo) mice revealed statistically significant decrease in tubule and epithelial profile area of seminiferous tubules. Electron microscopy (EM) analysis revealed cross-sectional tubule profiles with normal and moderately to severely altered appearances. Abnormalities in Sertoli cells and blood-testis barrier and the absence of germ cells in some tubules were noted along with altered morphology of sperm, sperm motility parameters and a reduction in fertilization rates in vitro. Along with quantitatively increased epithelial and tubular profile areas in the epididymis, EM demonstrated significant accumulations of electrolucent lysosomes in the caput-cauda regions that were reactive for cathepsin D and prosaposin antibodies. Lysosomes with similar storage materials were also found in basal, clear and myoid cells. In the mid/basal region of the epithelium of caput-cauda regions of KO mice, large vacuolated cells, unreactive for cytokeratin 5, a basal cell marker, were identified morphologically as epididymal mononuclear phagocytes (eMPs). The cytoplasm of the eMPs was occupied by a gigantic lysosome suggesting an active role of these cells in removing debris from the epithelium. Some eMPs were found in proximity to T-lymphocytes, a feature of dendritic cells. Taken together, our results reveal that upon Hgsnat inactivation, morphological alterations occur to the testis affecting sperm morphology and motility parameters and abnormal lysosomes in epididymal epithelial cells, indicative of a lysosomal storage disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Carvelli
- IHEM-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Louis Hermo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Cristian O’Flaherty
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Surgery (Urology Division), McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Richard Oko
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Alexey V. Pshezhetsky
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Carlos R. Morales
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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50
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Schulze C, Danielsson A, Liwo A, Huster D, Samsonov SA, Penk A. Ligand binding of interleukin-8: a comparison of glycosaminoglycans and acidic peptides. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:24930-24947. [PMID: 37694394 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02457a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Recognition and binding of regulatory proteins to glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) from the extracellular matrix is a process of high biological importance. The interaction between negatively charged sulfate or carboxyl groups of the GAGs and clusters of basic amino acids on the protein is crucial in this binding process and it is believed that electrostatics represent the key factor for this interaction. However, given the rather undirected nature of electrostatics, it is important to achieve a clear understanding of its role in protein-GAG interactions and how specificity and selectivity in these systems can be achieved, when the classical key-lock binding motif is not applicable. Here, we compare protein binding of a highly charged heparin (HP) hexasaccharide with four de novo designed decapeptides of varying negative net charge. The charge density of these peptides was comparable to typical GAGs of the extracellular matrix. We used the regulatory protein interleukin-8 (IL-8) because its interactions with GAGs are well described. All four peptide ligands bind to the same epitope of IL-8 but show much weaker binding affinity as revealed in 1H-15N HSQC NMR titration experiments. Complementary molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations revealed further atomistic details of the interaction mode of GAG versus peptide ligands. Overall, similar contributions to the binding energy and hydrogen bond formation are determined for HP and the highly charged peptides, suggesting that the entropic loss of the peptides upon binding likely account for the remarkably different affinity of GAG versus peptide ligands to IL-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schulze
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Leipzig, Härtelstr. 16/18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Annemarie Danielsson
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Fahrenheit Union of Universities, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Adam Liwo
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Fahrenheit Union of Universities, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Daniel Huster
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Leipzig, Härtelstr. 16/18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Sergey A Samsonov
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Fahrenheit Union of Universities, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Anja Penk
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Leipzig, Härtelstr. 16/18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany.
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