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Kwon YH, Blass BE, Wang H, Grondin JA, Banskota S, Korzekwa K, Ye M, Gordon JC, Colussi D, Blattner KM, Canney DJ, Khan WI. Novel 5-HT 7 receptor antagonists modulate intestinal immune responses and reduce severity of colitis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2024; 327:G57-G69. [PMID: 38713616 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00299.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) encompasses several debilitating chronic gastrointestinal (GI) inflammatory disorders, including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. In both conditions, mucosal inflammation is a key clinical presentation associated with altered serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine or 5-HT) signaling. This altered 5-HT signaling is also found across various animal models of colitis. Of the 14 known receptor subtypes, 5-HT receptor type 7 (5-HT7) is one of the most recently discovered. We previously reported that blocking 5-HT signaling with either a selective 5-HT7 receptor antagonist (SB-269970) or genetic ablation alleviated intestinal inflammation in murine experimental models of colitis. Here, we developed novel antagonists, namely, MC-170073 and MC-230078, which target 5-HT7 receptors with high selectivity. We also investigated the in vivo efficacy of these antagonists in experimental colitis by using dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) and the transfer of CD4+CD45RBhigh T cells to induce intestinal inflammation. Inhibition of 5-HT7 receptor signaling with the antagonists, MC-170073 and MC-230078, ameliorated intestinal inflammation in both acute and chronic colitis models, which was accompanied by lower histopathological damage and diminished levels of proinflammatory cytokines compared with vehicle-treated controls. Together, the data reveal that the pharmacological inhibition of 5-HT7 receptors by these selective antagonists ameliorates the severity of colitis across various experimental models and may, in the future, serve as a potential treatment option for patients with IBD. In addition, these findings support that 5-HT7 is a viable therapeutic target for IBD.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study demonstrates that the novel highly selective 5-HT7 receptor antagonists, MC-170073 and MC-230078, significantly alleviated the severity of colitis across models of experimental colitis. These findings suggest that inhibition of 5-HT7 receptor signaling by these new antagonists may serve as an alternative mode of treatment to diminish symptomology in those with inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Han Kwon
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Benjamin E Blass
- Department of Pharmaceuticals Sciences, Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Huaqing Wang
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jensine A Grondin
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Suhrid Banskota
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kenneth Korzekwa
- Department of Pharmaceuticals Sciences, Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Min Ye
- Department of Pharmaceuticals Sciences, Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - John C Gordon
- Department of Pharmaceuticals Sciences, Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Dennis Colussi
- Department of Pharmaceuticals Sciences, Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Kevin M Blattner
- Department of Pharmaceuticals Sciences, Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Daniel J Canney
- Department of Pharmaceuticals Sciences, Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Waliul I Khan
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Xu Y, Zheng C, Jiang P, Ji S, Ullah S, Zhao Y, Su D, Xu G, Zhang M, Zou X. Fraxinellone alleviates colitis-related intestinal fibrosis by blocking the circuit between PD-1 + Th17 cells and fibroblasts. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 135:112298. [PMID: 38776854 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive activation of colonic fibroblasts and differentiation of T helper 17 (Th17) cells are the key steps for intestinal fibrogenesis in the process of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Although both transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β)/Mothers Against Decapentaplegic Homolog (SMAD) 3-induced fibroblasts activation and interleukin (IL)-6/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3-induced Th17 differentiation have been well studied, the crosstalk between fibroblasts and Th17 cells in the process of intestinal fibrogenesis needs to be unveiled. METHODS In this study, the activation of colonic fibroblasts was induced with dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS) and TGF-β in vivo and in vitro respectively. P-SMAD3 and its downstream targets were quantified using RT-PCR, western blot and immunofluorescence. The differentiation of programmed death 1 (PD-1) + Th17 and activation of fibroblasts were quantified by FACS. PD-1+ Th17 cells and fibroblasts were co-cultured and cytokines in the supernatant were tested by ELISA. The anti-fibrosis effects of different chemical compounds were validated in vitro and further confirmed in vivo. RESULTS The colonic fibroblasts were successfully activated by DSS and TGF-β in vivo and in vitro respectively, as activation markers of fibroblasts (p-SMAD3 and its downstream targets such as Acta2, Col1a1 and Ctgf) were significantly increased. The activated fibroblasts produced more IL-6 compared with their inactivated counterparts in vivo and in vitro. The proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 induced PD-1+ Th17 differentiation and TGF-β that in return promoted the activation of colonic fibroblasts. Fraxinellone inhibited TGF-β+ PD-1+ Th17 cells via deactivating STAT3. CONCLUSIONS The reciprocal stimulation constructed a circuit of PD-1+ Th17 cells and fibroblasts that accelerated the fibrosis process. Fraxinellone was selected as the potential inhibitor of the circuit of PD-1+ Th17 cells and fibroblasts in vivo and in vitro. Inhibiting the circuit of PD-1+ Th17 cells and fibroblasts could be a promising strategy to alleviate intestinal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuejie Xu
- Department of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Chang Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Ping Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Siqi Ji
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Shafi Ullah
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- University of Chicago, Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, Chicago, IL, 60637, United States
| | - Dan Su
- FUJIFILM Diosynth Biotechnologies, Watertown 02472, MA, United States
| | - Guifang Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200001, China.
| | - Xiaoping Zou
- Department of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
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3
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Johnston LA, Nagalla RR, Li M, Whitley SK. IL-17 Control of Cutaneous Immune Homeostasis. J Invest Dermatol 2024; 144:1208-1216. [PMID: 38678465 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
IL-17 is widely recognized for its roles in host defense and inflammatory disorders. However, it has become clear that IL-17 is also an essential regulator of barrier tissue physiology. Steady-state microbe sensing at the skin surface induces low-level IL-17 expression that enhances epithelial integrity and resists pathogens without causing overt inflammation. Recent reports describe novel protective roles for IL-17 in wound healing and counteracting physiologic stress; however, chronic amplification of these beneficial responses contributes to skin pathologies as diverse as fibrosis, cancer, and autoinflammation. In this paper, we discuss the context-specific roles of IL-17 in skin health and disease and therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah A Johnston
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Raji R Nagalla
- Medical Scientist Training Program, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Mushi Li
- Department of Dermatology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sarah K Whitley
- Department of Dermatology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA; Autoimmune Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA; NeuroNexus Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusettes, USA.
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Valdés-Fuentes M, Rodríguez-Martínez E, Rivas-Arancibia S. Accumulation of Alpha-Synuclein and Increase in the Inflammatory Response in the substantia nigra, Jejunum, and Colon in a Model of O 3 Pollution in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5526. [PMID: 38791561 PMCID: PMC11122268 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This work aimed to study the effect of repeated exposure to low doses of ozone on alpha-synuclein and the inflammatory response in the substantia nigra, jejunum, and colon. Seventy-two male Wistar rats were divided into six groups. Each group received one of the following treatments: The control group was exposed to air. The ozone groups were exposed for 7, 15, 30, 60, and 90 days for 0.25 ppm for four hours daily. Afterward, they were anesthetized, and their tissues were extracted and processed using Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and qPCR. The results indicated a significant increase in alpha-synuclein in the substantia nigra and jejunum from 7 to 60 days of exposure and an increase in NFκB from 7 to 90 days in the substantia nigra, while in the jejunum, a significant increase was observed at 7 and 15 days and a decrease at 60 and 90 days for the colon. Interleukin IL-17 showed an increase at 90 days in the substantia nigra in the jejunum and increases at 30 days and in the colon at 15 and 90 days. Exposure to ozone increases the presence of alpha-synuclein and induces the loss of regulation of the inflammatory response, which contributes significantly to degenerative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Selva Rivas-Arancibia
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (M.V.-F.); (E.R.-M.)
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Wilks LR, Joshi G, Rychener N, Gill HS. Generation of Broad Protection against Influenza with Di-Tyrosine-Cross-Linked M2e Nanoclusters. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:1552-1560. [PMID: 38623820 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Tyrosine cross-linking has recently been used to produce nanoclusters (NCs) from peptides to enhance their immunogenicity. In this study, NCs were generated using the ectodomain of the ion channel Matrix 2 (M2e) protein, a conserved influenza surface antigen. The NCs were administered via intranasal (IN) or intramuscular (IM) routes in a mouse model in a prime-boost regimen in the presence of the adjuvant CpG. After boost, a significant increase in anti-M2e IgG and its subtypes was observed in the serum and lungs of mice vaccinated through the IM and IN routes; however, significant enhancement in anti-M2e IgA in lungs was observed only in the IN group. Analysis of cytokine concentrations in stimulated splenocyte cultures indicated a Th1/Th17-biased response. Mice were challenged with a lethal dose of A/California/07/2009 (H1N1pdm), A/Puerto Rico/08/1934 (H1N1), or A/Hong Kong/08/1968 (H3N2) strains. Mice that received M2e NCs + CpG were significantly protected against these strains and showed decreased lung viral titers compared with the naive mice and M2e NC-alone groups. The IN-vaccinated group showed superior protection against the H3N2 strain as compared to the IM group. This research extends our earlier efforts involving the tyrosine-based cross-linking method and highlights the potential of this technology in enhancing the immunogenicity of short peptide immunogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan R Wilks
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Eighth Street and Canton Avenue, Mail Stop 3121, Lubbock, Texas 79409-3121, United States
| | - Gaurav Joshi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Eighth Street and Canton Avenue, Mail Stop 3121, Lubbock, Texas 79409-3121, United States
| | - Natalie Rychener
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Eighth Street and Canton Avenue, Mail Stop 3121, Lubbock, Texas 79409-3121, United States
| | - Harvinder Singh Gill
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Eighth Street and Canton Avenue, Mail Stop 3121, Lubbock, Texas 79409-3121, United States
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Ashique S, Mishra N, Garg A, Kumar N, Khan Z, Mohanto S, Chellappan DK, Farid A, Taghizadeh-Hesary F. A Critical Review on the Role of Probiotics in Lung Cancer Biology and Prognosis. Arch Bronconeumol 2024:S0300-2896(24)00144-3. [PMID: 38755052 DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2024.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. According to the American Cancer Society (ACS), it ranks as the second most prevalent type of cancer globally. Recent findings have highlighted bidirectional gut-lung interactions, known as the gut-lung axis, in the pathophysiology of lung cancer. Probiotics are live microorganisms that boost host immunity when consumed adequately. The immunoregulatory mechanisms of probiotics are thought to operate through the generation of various metabolites that impact both the gut and distant organs (e.g., the lungs) through blood. Several randomized controlled trials have highlighted the pivotal role of probiotics in gut health especially for the prevention and treatment of malignancies, with a specific emphasis on lung cancer. Current research indicates that probiotic supplementation positively affects patients, leading to a suppression in cancer symptoms and a shortened disease course. While clinical trials validate the therapeutic benefits of probiotics, their precise mechanism of action remains unclear. This narrative review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the present landscape of probiotics in the management of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumel Ashique
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bengal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research, Durgapur 713212, West Bengal, India.
| | - Neeraj Mishra
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Madhya Pradesh, Gwalior 474005, MP, India
| | - Ashish Garg
- Guru Ramdas Khalsa Institute of Science and Technology, Pharmacy, Jabalpur, MP 483001, India
| | - Nitish Kumar
- SRM Modinagar College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology (Deemed to be University), Delhi-NCR Campus, Modinagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201204, India
| | - Zuber Khan
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Sourav Mohanto
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Yenepoya Pharmacy College & Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka 575018, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Arshad Farid
- Gomal Center of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan
| | - Farzad Taghizadeh-Hesary
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Health Institute, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Clinical Oncology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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7
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Chen Y, Sun H, Luo Z, Mei Y, Xu Z, Tan J, Xie Y, Li M, Xia J, Yang B, Su B. Crosstalk between CD8 + T cells and mesenchymal stromal cells in intestine homeostasis and immunity. Adv Immunol 2024; 162:23-58. [PMID: 38866438 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
The intestine represents the most complex cellular network in the whole body. It is constantly faced with multiple types of immunostimulatory agents encompassing from food antigen, gut microbiome, metabolic waste products, and dead cell debris. Within the intestine, most T cells are found in three primary compartments: the organized gut-associated lymphoid tissue, the lamina propria, and the epithelium. The well-orchestrated epithelial-immune-microbial interaction is critically important for the precise immune response. The main role of intestinal mesenchymal stromal cells is to support a structural framework within the gut wall. However, recent evidence from stromal cell studies indicates that they also possess significant immunomodulatory functions, such as maintaining intestinal tolerance via the expression of PDL1/2 and MHC-II molecules, and promoting the development of CD103+ dendritic cells, and IgA+ plasma cells, thereby enhancing intestinal homeostasis. In this review, we will summarize the current understanding of CD8+ T cells and stromal cells alongside the intestinal tract and discuss the reciprocal interactions between T subsets and mesenchymal stromal cell populations. We will focus on how the tissue residency, migration, and function of CD8+ T cells could be potentially regulated by mesenchymal stromal cell populations and explore the molecular mediators, such as TGF-β, IL-33, and MHC-II molecules that might influence these processes. Finally, we discuss the potential pathophysiological impact of such interaction in intestine hemostasis as well as diseases of inflammation, infection, and malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Death and Differentiation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongxiang Sun
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Death and Differentiation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengnan Luo
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Death and Differentiation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yisong Mei
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Death and Differentiation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziyang Xu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Death and Differentiation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianmei Tan
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Death and Differentiation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiting Xie
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Death and Differentiation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengda Li
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Death and Differentiation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaqi Xia
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Death and Differentiation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Beichun Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Death and Differentiation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Su
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Death and Differentiation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine-Yale Institute for Immune Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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8
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Magalhães MI, Azevedo MJ, Castro F, Oliveira MJ, Costa ÂM, Sampaio Maia B. The link between obesity and the gut microbiota and immune system in early-life. Crit Rev Microbiol 2024:1-21. [PMID: 38651972 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2024.2342427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
In early-life, the gut microbiota is highly modifiable, being modulated by external factors such as maternal microbiota, mode of delivery, and feeding strategies. The composition of the child's gut microbiota will deeply impact the development and maturation of its immune system, with consequences for future health. As one of the main sources of microorganisms to the child, the mother represents a crucial factor in the establishment of early-life microbiota, impacting the infant's wellbeing. Recent studies have proposed that dysbiotic maternal gut microbiota could be transmitted to the offspring, influencing the development of its immunity, and leading to the development of diseases such as obesity. This paper aims to review recent findings in gut microbiota and immune system interaction in early-life, highlighting the benefits of a balanced gut microbiota in the regulation of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Inês Magalhães
- Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences, ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Nephrology and Infectious Diseases R&D group, i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Tumor and Microenvironment Interactions group, i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- nBTT, NanoBiomaterials for Targeted Therapies group, i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- FMDUP - Faculdade de Medicina Dentária da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria João Azevedo
- Nephrology and Infectious Diseases R&D group, i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- nBTT, NanoBiomaterials for Targeted Therapies group, i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- FMDUP - Faculdade de Medicina Dentária da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Universiteit van Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Flávia Castro
- Tumor and Microenvironment Interactions group, i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria José Oliveira
- Tumor and Microenvironment Interactions group, i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ângela M Costa
- Tumor and Microenvironment Interactions group, i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Benedita Sampaio Maia
- Nephrology and Infectious Diseases R&D group, i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- nBTT, NanoBiomaterials for Targeted Therapies group, i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- FMDUP - Faculdade de Medicina Dentária da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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9
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Karout I, Salhab Z, Sherri N, Bitar ER, Borghol AH, Sabra H, Kassem A, Osman O, Alam C, Znait S, Assaf R, Fadlallah S, Jurjus A, Hashash JG, Rahal EA. The Effects of Endosomal Toll-like Receptor Inhibitors in an EBV DNA-Exacerbated Inflammatory Bowel Disease Mouse Model. Viruses 2024; 16:624. [PMID: 38675965 PMCID: PMC11054613 DOI: 10.3390/v16040624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a Herpesviridae family member, is associated with an increased risk of autoimmune disease development in the host. We previously demonstrated that EBV DNA elevates levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-17A and that inhibiting Toll-like receptor (TLR) 3, 7, or 9 reduces its levels. Moreover, this DNA exacerbated colitis in a mouse model of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In the study at hand, we examined whether inhibition of TLR3, 7, or 9 alleviates this exacerbation. Mice were fed 1.5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) water and administered EBV DNA. Then, they were treated with a TLR3, 7, or 9 inhibitor or left untreated. We also assessed the additive impact of combined inhibition of all three receptors. Mice that received DSS, EBV DNA, and each inhibitor alone, or a combination of inhibitors, showed significant improvement. They also had a decrease in the numbers of the pathogenic colonic IL-17A+IFN-γ+ foci. Inhibition of all three endosomal TLR receptors offered no additive benefit over administering a single inhibitor. Therefore, inhibition of endosomal TLRs reduces EBV DNA exacerbation of mouse colitis, offering a potential approach for managing IBD patients infected with EBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Karout
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology, and Microbiology, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon; (I.K.); (Z.S.); (N.S.); (E.R.B.); (A.H.B.); (H.S.); (A.K.); (O.O.); (C.A.); (S.Z.); (R.A.); (S.F.)
| | - Zahraa Salhab
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology, and Microbiology, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon; (I.K.); (Z.S.); (N.S.); (E.R.B.); (A.H.B.); (H.S.); (A.K.); (O.O.); (C.A.); (S.Z.); (R.A.); (S.F.)
| | - Nour Sherri
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology, and Microbiology, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon; (I.K.); (Z.S.); (N.S.); (E.R.B.); (A.H.B.); (H.S.); (A.K.); (O.O.); (C.A.); (S.Z.); (R.A.); (S.F.)
| | - Elio R. Bitar
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology, and Microbiology, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon; (I.K.); (Z.S.); (N.S.); (E.R.B.); (A.H.B.); (H.S.); (A.K.); (O.O.); (C.A.); (S.Z.); (R.A.); (S.F.)
| | - Abdul Hamid Borghol
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology, and Microbiology, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon; (I.K.); (Z.S.); (N.S.); (E.R.B.); (A.H.B.); (H.S.); (A.K.); (O.O.); (C.A.); (S.Z.); (R.A.); (S.F.)
| | - Hady Sabra
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology, and Microbiology, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon; (I.K.); (Z.S.); (N.S.); (E.R.B.); (A.H.B.); (H.S.); (A.K.); (O.O.); (C.A.); (S.Z.); (R.A.); (S.F.)
| | - Aya Kassem
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology, and Microbiology, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon; (I.K.); (Z.S.); (N.S.); (E.R.B.); (A.H.B.); (H.S.); (A.K.); (O.O.); (C.A.); (S.Z.); (R.A.); (S.F.)
| | - Omar Osman
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology, and Microbiology, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon; (I.K.); (Z.S.); (N.S.); (E.R.B.); (A.H.B.); (H.S.); (A.K.); (O.O.); (C.A.); (S.Z.); (R.A.); (S.F.)
| | - Charbel Alam
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology, and Microbiology, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon; (I.K.); (Z.S.); (N.S.); (E.R.B.); (A.H.B.); (H.S.); (A.K.); (O.O.); (C.A.); (S.Z.); (R.A.); (S.F.)
| | - Sabah Znait
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology, and Microbiology, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon; (I.K.); (Z.S.); (N.S.); (E.R.B.); (A.H.B.); (H.S.); (A.K.); (O.O.); (C.A.); (S.Z.); (R.A.); (S.F.)
| | - Rayan Assaf
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology, and Microbiology, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon; (I.K.); (Z.S.); (N.S.); (E.R.B.); (A.H.B.); (H.S.); (A.K.); (O.O.); (C.A.); (S.Z.); (R.A.); (S.F.)
| | - Sukayna Fadlallah
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology, and Microbiology, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon; (I.K.); (Z.S.); (N.S.); (E.R.B.); (A.H.B.); (H.S.); (A.K.); (O.O.); (C.A.); (S.Z.); (R.A.); (S.F.)
| | - Abdo Jurjus
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon;
| | - Jana G. Hashash
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA;
| | - Elias A. Rahal
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology, and Microbiology, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon; (I.K.); (Z.S.); (N.S.); (E.R.B.); (A.H.B.); (H.S.); (A.K.); (O.O.); (C.A.); (S.Z.); (R.A.); (S.F.)
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10
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Wang J, Gao Y, Yuan Y, Wang H, Wang Z, Zhang X. Th17 Cells and IL-17A in Ischemic Stroke. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:2411-2429. [PMID: 37884768 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03723-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The neurological injury and repair mechanisms after ischemic stroke are complex. The inflammatory response is present throughout stroke onset and functional recovery, in which CD4 + T helper(Th) cells play a non-negligible role. Th17 cells, differentiated from CD4 + Th cells, are regulated by various extracellular signals, transcription factors, RNA, and post-translational modifications. Th17 cells specifically produce interleukin-17A(IL-17A), which has been reported to have pro-inflammatory effects in many studies. Recently, experimental researches showed that Th17 cells and IL-17A play an important role in promoting stroke pathogenesis (atherosclerosis), inducing secondary damage after stroke, and regulating post-stroke repair. This makes Th17 and IL-17A a possible target for the treatment of stroke. In this paper, we review the mechanism of action of Th17 cells and IL-17A in ischemic stroke and the progress of research on targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wang
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 Hepingxi Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Yuxiao Gao
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 Hepingxi Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Yujia Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 Hepingxi Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 Hepingxi Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 Hepingxi Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Xiangjian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 Hepingxi Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China.
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China.
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11
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Shen J, Bian N, Zhao L, Wei J. The role of T-lymphocytes in central nervous system diseases. Brain Res Bull 2024; 209:110904. [PMID: 38387531 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.110904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) has been considered an immunologically privileged site. In the past few decades, research on inflammation in CNS diseases has mostly focused on microglia, innate immune cells that respond rapidly to injury and infection to maintain CNS homeostasis. Discoveries of lymphatic vessels within the dura mater and peripheral immune cells in the meningeal layer indicate that the peripheral immune system can monitor and intervene in the CNS. This review summarizes recent advances in the involvement of T lymphocytes in multiple CNS diseases, including brain injury, neurodegenerative diseases, and psychiatric disorders. It emphasizes that a deep understanding of the pathogenesis of CNS diseases requires intimate knowledge of T lymphocytes. Aiming to promote a better understanding of the relationship between the immune system and CNS and facilitate the development of therapeutic strategies targeting T lymphocytes in neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Ning Bian
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Lu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.
| | - Jingkuan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.
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12
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Guo J, Wang L, Han N, Yuan C, Yin Y, Wang T, Sun J, Jin P, Liu Y, Jia Z. People are an organic unity: Gut-lung axis and pneumonia. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27822. [PMID: 38515679 PMCID: PMC10955322 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
People are an organic unity. Every organ of our body doesn't exist alone. They are a part of our body and have important connections with other tissues or organs. The gut-lung axis is a typical example. Here, we reviewed the current research progress of the gut-lung axis. The main cross-talk between the intestine and lungs was sorted out, i.e. the specific interaction content contained in the gut-lung axis. We determine a relatively clear concept for the gut-lung axis, that is, the gut-lung axis is a cross-talk that the gut and lungs interact with each other through microorganisms and the immune system to achieve bidirectional regulation. The gut and lungs communicate with each other mainly through the immune system and symbiotic microbes, and these two pathways influence each other. The portal vein system and mesenteric lymphatics are the primary communication channels between the intestine and lungs. We also summarized the effects of pneumonia, including Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP), on intestinal microbes and immune function through the gut-lung axis, and discussed the mechanism of this effect. Finally, we explored the value of intestinal microbes and the gut-lung axis in the treatment of pneumonia through the effect of intestinal microbes on pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050090, Hebei, China
- The First Hospital of Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China
| | - Le Wang
- Graduate School, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China
| | - Ningxin Han
- Graduate School, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China
| | - Caiyun Yuan
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050090, Hebei, China
| | - Yujie Yin
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Cardio-Cerebral Vessel Collateral Disease), Shijiazhuang, 050035, Hebei, China
| | - Tongxing Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Cardio-Cerebral Vessel Collateral Disease), Shijiazhuang, 050035, Hebei, China
| | - Jiemeng Sun
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050090, Hebei, China
- The First Hospital of Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China
| | - Peipei Jin
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050090, Hebei, China
- The First Hospital of Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Graduate School, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China
| | - Zhenhua Jia
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050090, Hebei, China
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Cardio-Cerebral Vessel Collateral Disease), Shijiazhuang, 050035, Hebei, China
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13
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Gao Y, Kennelly JP, Xiao X, Whang E, Ferrari A, Bedard AH, Mack JJ, Nguyen AH, Weston T, Uchiyama LF, Lee MS, Young SG, Bensinger SJ, Tontonoz P. T cell cholesterol transport is a metabolic checkpoint that links intestinal immune responses to dietary lipid absorption. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.08.584164. [PMID: 38559079 PMCID: PMC10979874 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.08.584164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The intrinsic pathways that control membrane organization in immune cells and the impact of such pathways on cellular function are not well defined. Here we report that the non-vesicular cholesterol transporter Aster-A links plasma membrane (PM) cholesterol availability in T cells to immune signaling and systemic metabolism. Aster-A is recruited to the PM during T-cell receptor (TCR) activation, where it facilitates the removal of newly generated "accessible" membrane cholesterol. Loss of Aster-A leads to excess PM cholesterol accumulation, resulting in enhanced TCR nano-clustering and signaling, and Th17 cytokine production. Finally, we show that the mucosal Th17 response is restrained by PM cholesterol remodeling. Ablation of Aster-A in T cells leads to enhanced IL-22 production, reduced intestinal fatty acid absorption, and resistance to diet-induced obesity. These findings delineate a multi-tiered regulatory scheme linking immune cell lipid flux to nutrient absorption and systemic physiology.
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14
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Xu SJ, Chen JH, Chang S, Li HL. The role of miRNAs in T helper cell development, activation, fate decisions and tumor immunity. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1320305. [PMID: 38264670 PMCID: PMC10803515 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1320305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
T helper (Th) cells are central members of adaptive immunity and comprise the last line of defense against pathogen infection and malignant cell invasion by secreting specific cytokines. These cytokines then attract or induce the activation and differentiation of other immune cells, including antibody-producing B cells and cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. Therefore, the bidirectional communication between Th cells and tumor cells and their positioning within the tumor microenvironment (TME), especially the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), sculpt the tumor immune landscape, which affects disease initiation and progression. The type, number, and condition of Th cells in the TME and TIME strongly affect tumor immunity, which is precisely regulated by key effectors, such as granzymes, perforins, cytokines, and chemokines. Moreover, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as important regulators of Th cells. In this review, we discuss the role of miRNAs in regulating Th cell mediated adaptive immunity, focusing on the development, activation, fate decisions, and tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Jun Xu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Medical Device Engineering Research Center of Interventional Therapy for Non-vascular Tumors, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jin-Hua Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Suhwan Chang
- Department of Physiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hai-Liang Li
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Medical Device Engineering Research Center of Interventional Therapy for Non-vascular Tumors, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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15
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Rivera JC, Opazo MC, Hernández-Armengol R, Álvarez O, Mendoza-León MJ, Caamaño E, Gatica S, Bohmwald K, Bueno SM, González PA, Neunlist M, Boudin H, Kalergis AM, Riedel CA. Transient gestational hypothyroxinemia accelerates and enhances ulcerative colitis-like disorder in the male offspring. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1269121. [PMID: 38239991 PMCID: PMC10794346 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1269121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Gestational hypothyroxinemia (HTX) is a condition that occurs frequently at the beginning of pregnancy, and it correlates with cognitive impairment, autism, and attentional deficit in the offspring. Evidence in animal models suggests that gestational HTX can increase the susceptibility of the offspring to develop strong inflammation in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a frequent inflammatory bowel disease with unknown causes. Therefore, the intensity of ulcerative colitis-like disorder (UCLD) and the cellular and molecular factors involved in proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory responses were analyzed in the offspring gestated in HTX (HTX-offspring) and compared with the offspring gestated in euthyroidism (Control-offspring). Methods Gestational HTX was induced by the administration of 2-mercapto-1-methylimidazole in drinking water to pregnant mice during E10-E14. The HTX-offspring were induced with UCLD by the acute administration of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). The score of UCLD symptomatology was registered every day, and colon histopathology, immune cells, and molecular factors involved in the inflammatory or anti-inflammatory response were analyzed on day 6 of DSS treatment. Results The HTX-offspring displayed earlier UCLD pathological symptoms compared with the Control-offspring. After 6 days of DSS treatment, the HTX-offspring almost doubled the score of the Control-offspring. The histopathological analyses of the colon samples showed signs of inflammation at the distal and medial colon for both the HTX-offspring and Control-offspring. However, significantly more inflammatory features were detected in the proximal colon of the HTX-offspring induced with UCLD compared with the Control-offspring induced with UCLD. Significantly reduced mRNA contents encoding for protective molecules like glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC) and mucin-2 (MUC-2) were found in the colon of the HTX-offspring as compared with the Control-offspring. Higher percentages of Th17 lymphocytes were detected in the colon tissues of the HTX-offspring induced or not with UCLD as compared with the Control-offspring. Discussion Gestational HTX accelerates the onset and increases the intensity of UCLD in the offspring. The low expression of MUC-2 and GCLC together with high levels of Th17 Lymphocytes in the colon tissue suggests that the HTX-offspring has molecular and cellular features that favor inflammation and tissue damage. These results are important evidence to be aware of the impact of gestational HTX as a risk factor for UCLD development in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Rivera
- Laboratorio de Endocrino-inmunología, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ma. Cecilia Opazo
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Agronomía, Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad de las Américas, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rosario Hernández-Armengol
- Laboratorio de Endocrino-inmunología, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Oscar Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Endocrino-inmunología, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María José Mendoza-León
- Laboratorio de Endocrino-inmunología, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Esteban Caamaño
- Laboratorio de Endocrino-inmunología, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sebastian Gatica
- Laboratorio de Endocrino-inmunología, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Karen Bohmwald
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Susan M. Bueno
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo A. González
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Michel Neunlist
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Disorders, IMAD, Nantes, France
| | - Helene Boudin
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Disorders, IMAD, Nantes, France
| | - Alexis M. Kalergis
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia A. Riedel
- Laboratorio de Endocrino-inmunología, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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16
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Gonzalez-Ferrer S, Peñaloza HF, van der Geest R, Xiong Z, Gheware A, Tabary M, Kochin M, Dalton K, Zou H, Lou D, Lockwood K, Zhang Y, Bain WG, Mallampalli RK, Ray A, Ray P, Van Tyne D, Chen K, Lee JS. STAT1 Employs Myeloid Cell-Extrinsic Mechanisms to Regulate the Neutrophil Response and Provide Protection against Invasive Klebsiella pneumoniae Lung Infection. Immunohorizons 2024; 8:122-135. [PMID: 38289252 PMCID: PMC10832384 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2300104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) is an extracellular Gram-negative bacterium that causes infections in the lower respiratory and urinary tracts and the bloodstream. STAT1 is a master transcription factor that acts to maintain T cell quiescence under homeostatic conditions. Although STAT1 helps defend against systemic spread of acute KP intrapulmonary infection, whether STAT1 regulation of T cell homeostasis impacts pulmonary host defense during acute bacterial infection and injury is less clear. Using a clinical KP respiratory isolate and a pneumonia mouse model, we found that STAT1 deficiency led to an early neutrophil-dominant transcriptional profile and neutrophil recruitment in the lung preceding widespread bacterial dissemination and lung injury development. Yet, myeloid cell STAT1 was dispensable for control of KP proliferation and dissemination, because myeloid cell-specific STAT1-deficient (LysMCre/WT;Stat1fl/fl) mice showed bacterial burden in the lung, liver, and kidney similar to that of their wild-type littermates. Surprisingly, IL-17-producing CD4+ T cells infiltrated Stat1-/- murine lungs early during KP infection. The increase in Th17 cells in the lung was not due to preexisting immunity against KP and was consistent with circulating rather than tissue-resident CD4+ T cells. However, blocking global IL-17 signaling with anti-IL-17RC administration led to increased proliferation and dissemination of KP, suggesting that IL-17 provided by other innate immune cells is essential in defense against KP. Contrastingly, depletion of CD4+ T cells reduced Stat1-/- murine lung bacterial burden, indicating that early CD4+ T cell activation in the setting of global STAT1 deficiency is pathogenic. Altogether, our findings suggest that STAT1 employs myeloid cell-extrinsic mechanisms to regulate neutrophil responses and provides protection against invasive KP by restricting nonspecific CD4+ T cell activation and immunopathology in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shekina Gonzalez-Ferrer
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Hernán F. Peñaloza
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Rick van der Geest
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Zeyu Xiong
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Atish Gheware
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Mohammadreza Tabary
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Megan Kochin
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Kathryn Dalton
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Henry Zou
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Dequan Lou
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Karina Lockwood
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Yingze Zhang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - William G. Bain
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Rama K. Mallampalli
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Anuradha Ray
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Prabir Ray
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Daria Van Tyne
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Kong Chen
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Janet S. Lee
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
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Krzysztofik M, Brzewski P, Cuber P, Kacprzyk A, Kulbat A, Richter K, Wojewoda T, Wysocki WM. Risk of Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer in Patients with Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis Treated with Targeted Therapies: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 17:14. [PMID: 38276003 PMCID: PMC10820691 DOI: 10.3390/ph17010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Targeted therapies represent major advancements in the treatment of chronic skin conditions such as psoriasis. While previous studies have shown an increased risk of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) in patients receiving TNF-α inhibitors, the risks associated with newer biologics (IL-12/23 inhibitors, IL-23 inhibitors, IL-17 inhibitors) and Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors remain less known. Using a systematic and meta-analytical approach, we aimed to summarize the currently available literature concerning skin cancer risk in patients treated with targeted therapies. The MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases were searched to find studies reporting the incidence rates (IR) of melanoma and NMSC in patients with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis treated with biologics or JAK inhibitors. Nineteen studies were included in the analysis with a total of 13,739 patients. The overall IR of melanoma was 0.08 (95% CI, 0.05-0.15) events per 100 PYs and the overall IR of NMSC was 0.45 (95% CI, 0.33-0.61) events per 100 PYs. The IRs of melanoma were comparable across patients treated with IL-17 inhibitors, IL-23 inhibitors, and JAK inhibitors, while the IRs of NMSC were higher in patients treated with JAK inhibitors than in those treated with biologics. Prospective, long-term cohort studies are required to reliably assess the risks associated with novel targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Krzysztofik
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Stefan Zeromski Municipal Hospital, 31-913 Krakow, Poland
| | - Paweł Brzewski
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Stefan Zeromski Municipal Hospital, 31-913 Krakow, Poland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, 30-705 Krakow, Poland (W.M.W.)
| | - Przemysław Cuber
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, 30-705 Krakow, Poland (W.M.W.)
- Department of Oncological Surgery, 5th Military Clinical Hospital in Kraków, 30-901 Krakow, Poland
| | - Artur Kacprzyk
- Doctoral School of Medical and Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-530 Krakow, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Kulbat
- Department of Oncological Surgery, 5th Military Clinical Hospital in Kraków, 30-901 Krakow, Poland
| | - Karolina Richter
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, 30-705 Krakow, Poland (W.M.W.)
| | - Tomasz Wojewoda
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, 30-705 Krakow, Poland (W.M.W.)
- Department of Oncological Surgery, 5th Military Clinical Hospital in Kraków, 30-901 Krakow, Poland
| | - Wojciech M. Wysocki
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, 30-705 Krakow, Poland (W.M.W.)
- Department of Oncological Surgery, 5th Military Clinical Hospital in Kraków, 30-901 Krakow, Poland
- National Institute of Oncology, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
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18
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Loh L, Orlicky D, Spengler A, Levens C, Celli S, Domenico J, Klarquist J, Onyiah J, Matsuda J, Kuhn K, Gapin L. MAIT cells drive chronic inflammation in a genetically diverse murine model of spontaneous colitis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.29.569225. [PMID: 38076996 PMCID: PMC10705467 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.29.569225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2024]
Abstract
Background & aims Lymphocytes that produce IL-17 can confer protective immunity during infections by pathogens, yet their involvement in inflammatory diseases is a subject of debate. Although these cells may perpetuate inflammation, resulting in tissue damage, they are also capable of contributing directly or indirectly to tissue repair, thus necessitating more detailed investigation. Mucosal-Associated-Invariant-T (MAIT) cells are innate-like T cells, acquiring a type III phenotype in the thymus. Here, we dissected the role of MAIT cells in vivo using a spontaneous colitis model in a genetically diverse mouse strain. Methods Multiparameter spectral flow cytometry and scRNAseq were used to characterize MAIT and immune cell dynamics and transcriptomic signatures respectively, in the collaborative-cross strain, CC011/Unc and CC011/Unc- Traj33 -/- . Results In contrast to many conventional mouse laboratory strains, the CC011 strain harbors a high baseline population of MAIT cells. We observed an age-related increase in colonic MAIT cells, Th17 cells, regulatory T cells, and neutrophils, which paralleled the development of spontaneous colitis. This progression manifested histological traits reminiscent of human IBD. The transcriptomic analysis of colonic MAIT cells from CC011 revealed an activation profile consistent with an inflammatory milieu, marked by an enhanced type-III response. Notably, IL-17A was abundantly secreted by MAIT cells in the colons of afflicted mice. Conversely, in the MAIT cell-deficient CC011-Traj33-/- mice, there was a notable absence of significant colonic histopathology. Furthermore, myeloperoxidase staining indicated a substantial decrease in colonic neutrophils. Conclusions Our findings suggest that MAIT cells play a pivotal role in modulating the severity of intestinal pathology, potentially orchestrating the inflammatory process by driving the accumulation of neutrophils within the colonic environment.
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Saha K, Subramenium Ganapathy A, Wang A, Arumugam P, Michael Morris N, Harris L, Yochum G, Koltun W, Perdew GH, Nighot M, Ma T, Nighot P. Alpha-tocopherylquinone-mediated activation of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor regulates the production of inflammation-inducing cytokines and ameliorates intestinal inflammation. Mucosal Immunol 2023; 16:826-842. [PMID: 37716509 PMCID: PMC10809159 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2023.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the role of Alpha-tocopherylquinone (TQ) in regulating the intestinal immune system and the underlying mechanisms. In the experimental dextran sodium sulfate and T cell-mediated colitis models, TQ significantly reduced the mRNA levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, IL-17A, IL-23, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and the abundance of proinflammatory macrophages, T helper (Th)17 cells, and ILC3s in the colons of wild-type mice. TQ also prevented lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced activation of NFκB and signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat)-3 pathways in the human macrophage U937 cells. Pharmacological inhibition or CRISPR-Cas-9-mediated knockout of Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) prevented the anti-inflammatory effects of TQ in the LPS-treated U937 cells. Furthermore, TQ reduced the mRNA levels of the LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines in the WT but not Ahr-/- mice splenocytes. TQ also reduced IL-6R protein levels and IL-6-induced Stat-3 activation in Jurkat cells and in vitro differentiation of Th17 cells from wild-type but not Ahr-/- mice naive T cells. Additionally, TQ prevented the pro-inflammatory effects of LPS on macrophages and stimulation of T cells in human PBMCs and significantly reduced the abundance of tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-1β, and IL-6hi inflammatory macrophages and Th17 cells in surgically resected Crohn's disease (CD) tissue. Our study shows that TQ is a naturally occurring, non-toxic, and effective immune modulator that activates AhR and suppresses the Stat-3-NFκB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kushal Saha
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Alexandra Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Priya Arumugam
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nathan Michael Morris
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Leonard Harris
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gregory Yochum
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Walter Koltun
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gary H Perdew
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and the Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Meghali Nighot
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Thomas Ma
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Prashant Nighot
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA.
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20
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Wang Q, Jia D, He J, Sun Y, Qian Y, Ge Q, Qi Y, Wang Q, Hu Y, Wang L, Fang Y, He H, Luo M, Feng L, Si J, Song Z, Wang L, Chen S. Lactobacillus Intestinalis Primes Epithelial Cells to Suppress Colitis-Related Th17 Response by Host-Microbe Retinoic Acid Biosynthesis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2303457. [PMID: 37983567 PMCID: PMC10754072 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiome is integral to the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis. A novel probiotic Lactobacillus intestinalis (L. intestinalis) exerts a protective effect against dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis in mice. Based on flow cytometry, colitis-associated Th17 cells are the target of L. intestinalis, which is supported by the lack of protective effects of L. intestinalis in T cell-null Rag1-/- mice or upon anti-IL-17-A antibody-treated mice. Although L. intestinalis exerts no direct effect on T cell differentiation, it decreases C/EBPA-driven gut epithelial SAA1 and SAA2 production, which in turn impairs Th17 cell differentiation. Cometabolism of L. intestinalis ALDH and host ALDH1A2 contributed to elevated biosynthesis of retinoic acid (RA), which accounts for the anti-colitis effect in RAR-α -mediated way. In a cohort of ulcerative colitis patients, it is observed that fecal abundance of L. intestinalis is negatively associated with the C/EBPA-SAA1/2-Th17 axis. Finally, L. intestinalis has a synergistic effect with mesalazine in alleviating murine colitis. In conclusion, L. intestinalis and associated metabolites, RA, have potential therapeutic effects for suppressing colonic inflammation by modulating the crosstalk between intestinal epithelia and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi‐Wen Wang
- Department of GastroenterologySir Run Run Shaw HospitalZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
| | - Ding‐Jia‐Cheng Jia
- Department of GastroenterologySecond Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang310058China
| | - Jia‐Min He
- Department of GastroenterologySir Run Run Shaw HospitalZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
| | - Yong Sun
- Department of GastroenterologySecond Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang310058China
| | - Yun Qian
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyShenzhen University General HospitalShenzhenGuangdong518055China
| | - Qi‐Wei Ge
- Department of GastroenterologySecond Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang310058China
| | - Ya‐Dong Qi
- Department of GastroenterologySir Run Run Shaw HospitalZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
| | - Qing‐Yi Wang
- Department of GastroenterologySir Run Run Shaw HospitalZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
| | - Ying‐Ying Hu
- Department of GastroenterologySir Run Run Shaw HospitalZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
| | - Lan Wang
- Department of GastroenterologySir Run Run Shaw HospitalZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
| | - Yan‐Fei Fang
- Department of GastroenterologySir Run Run Shaw HospitalZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
| | - Hui‐Qin He
- Department of GastroenterologySir Run Run Shaw HospitalZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
| | - Man Luo
- Department of NutritionSir Run Run Shaw HospitalZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
| | - Li‐Jun Feng
- Department of NutritionSir Run Run Shaw HospitalZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
| | - Jian‐Min Si
- Department of GastroenterologySir Run Run Shaw HospitalZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
- Institution of GastroenterologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
- Prevention and Treatment Research Center of Senescent DiseaseZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang310058China
| | - Zhang‐Fa Song
- Department of Colorectal SurgerySir Run Run Shaw HospitalZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
| | - Liang‐Jing Wang
- Department of GastroenterologySecond Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang310058China
- Institution of GastroenterologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
- Prevention and Treatment Research Center of Senescent DiseaseZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang310058China
| | - Shu‐Jie Chen
- Department of GastroenterologySir Run Run Shaw HospitalZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
- Institution of GastroenterologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
- Prevention and Treatment Research Center of Senescent DiseaseZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang310058China
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21
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Yin Y, Ouyang S, Li Q, Du Y, Xiong S, Zhang M, Wang W, Zhang T, Liu C, Gao Y. Salivary interleukin-17A and interferon-γ levels are elevated in children with food allergies in China. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1232187. [PMID: 38090557 PMCID: PMC10715589 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1232187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Food allergies have a substantial impact on patient health, but their mechanisms are poorly understood, and strategies for diagnosing, preventing, and treating food allergies are not optimal. This study explored the levels of and relationship between IL-17A and IFN-γ in the saliva of children with food allergies, which will form the basis for further mechanistic discoveries as well as prevention and treatment measures for food allergies. Methods A case-control study with 1:1 matching was designed. Based on the inclusion criteria, 20 case-control pairs were selected from patients at the Skin and Allergy Clinic and children of employees. IL-17A and IFN-γ levels in saliva were measured with a Luminex 200 instrument. A general linear model was used to analyze whether the salivary IL-17A and IFN-γ levels in the food allergy group differed from those in the control group. Results The general linear model showed a significant main effect of group (allergy vs. healthy) on the levels of IL-17A and IFN-γ. The mean IL-17A level (0.97 ± 0.09 pg/ml) in the food allergy group was higher than that in the healthy group (0.69 ± 0.09 pg/ml). The mean IFN-γ level (3.0 ± 0.43 pg/ml) in the food allergy group was significantly higher than that in the healthy group (1.38 ± 0.43 pg/ml). IL-17A levels were significantly positively related to IFN-γ levels in children with food allergies (r=0.79) and in healthy children (r=0.98). Discussion The salivary IL-17A and IFN-γ levels in children with food allergies were higher than those in healthy children. This finding provides a basis for research on new methods of diagnosing food allergies and measuring the effectiveness of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yin
- Department of Integrated Early Childhood Development, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Shengrong Ouyang
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Li
- Environmental Standards Institute, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuyang Du
- Department of Allergy, Affiliated Children’s Hospital of Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Shiqiu Xiong
- Department of Allergy, Affiliated Children’s Hospital of Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanhe Liu
- Department of Allergy, Affiliated Children’s Hospital of Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Children’s Hospital of Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
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22
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Yin R, Wang T, Dai H, Han J, Sun J, Liu N, Dong W, Zhong J, Liu H. Immunogenic molecules associated with gut bacterial cell walls: chemical structures, immune-modulating functions, and mechanisms. Protein Cell 2023; 14:776-785. [PMID: 37013853 PMCID: PMC10599643 DOI: 10.1093/procel/pwad016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Interactions between gut microbiome and host immune system are fundamental to maintaining the intestinal mucosal barrier and homeostasis. At the host-gut microbiome interface, cell wall-derived molecules from gut commensal bacteria have been reported to play a pivotal role in training and remodeling host immune responses. In this article, we review gut bacterial cell wall-derived molecules with characterized chemical structures, including peptidoglycan and lipid-related molecules that impact host health and disease processes via regulating innate and adaptive immunity. Also, we aim to discuss the structures, immune responses, and underlying mechanisms of these immunogenic molecules. Based on current advances, we propose cell wall-derived components as important sources of medicinal agents for the treatment of infection and immune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruopeng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huanqin Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Junjie Han
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jingzu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ningning Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jin Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Hongwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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23
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Glaubitz J, Asgarbeik S, Lange R, Mazloum H, Elsheikh H, Weiss FU, Sendler M. Immune response mechanisms in acute and chronic pancreatitis: strategies for therapeutic intervention. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1279539. [PMID: 37881430 PMCID: PMC10595029 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1279539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is one of the most common inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and a steady rising diagnosis for inpatient hospitalization. About one in four patients, who experience an episode of AP, will develop chronic pancreatitis (CP) over time. While the initiating causes of pancreatitis can be complex, they consistently elicit an immune response that significantly determines the severity and course of the disease. Overall, AP is associated with a significant mortality rate of 1-5%, which is caused by either an excessive pro-inflammation, or a strong compensatory inhibition of bacterial defense mechanisms which lead to a severe necrotizing form of pancreatitis. At the time-point of hospitalization the already initiated immune response is the only promising common therapeutic target to treat or prevent a severe disease course. However, the complexity of the immune response requires fine-balanced therapeutic intervention which in addition is limited by the fact that a significant proportion of patients is in danger of development or progress to recurrent and chronic disease. Based on the recent literature we survey the disease-relevant immune mechanisms and evaluate appropriate and promising therapeutic targets for the treatment of acute and chronic pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Matthias Sendler
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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24
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Attaianese F, Guiducci S, Trapani S, Barbati F, Lodi L, Indolfi G, Azzari C, Ricci S. Reshaping Our Knowledge: Advancements in Understanding the Immune Response to Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus. Pathogens 2023; 12:1118. [PMID: 37764926 PMCID: PMC10536346 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12091118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is a significant cause of respiratory tract infections, particularly in young children and older adults. In this review, we aimed to comprehensively summarize what is known about the immune response to hRSV infection. We described the innate and adaptive immune components involved, including the recognition of RSV, the inflammatory response, the role of natural killer (NK) cells, antigen presentation, T cell response, and antibody production. Understanding the complex immune response to hRSV infection is crucial for developing effective interventions against this significant respiratory pathogen. Further investigations into the immune memory generated by hRSV infection and the development of strategies to enhance immune responses may hold promise for the prevention and management of hRSV-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Attaianese
- Postgraduate School of Pediatrics, University of Florence, Meyer Children’s Hospital IRCCS, 50139 Florence, Italy;
| | - Sara Guiducci
- Postgraduate School of Immunology, University of Florence, Meyer Children’s Hospital IRCCS, 50139 Florence, Italy;
| | - Sandra Trapani
- Pediatric Unit, Meyer Children’s Hospital IRCCS, Viale Pieraccini 24, 50139 Florence, Italy; (S.T.); (G.I.)
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (L.L.); (C.A.)
| | - Federica Barbati
- Postgraduate School of Pediatrics, University of Florence, Meyer Children’s Hospital IRCCS, 50139 Florence, Italy;
| | - Lorenzo Lodi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (L.L.); (C.A.)
- Division of Immunology, Meyer Children’s Hospital IRCCS, Viale Pieraccini 24, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Indolfi
- Pediatric Unit, Meyer Children’s Hospital IRCCS, Viale Pieraccini 24, 50139 Florence, Italy; (S.T.); (G.I.)
- NEUROFARBA Department, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Chiara Azzari
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (L.L.); (C.A.)
- Division of Immunology, Meyer Children’s Hospital IRCCS, Viale Pieraccini 24, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Silvia Ricci
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (L.L.); (C.A.)
- Division of Immunology, Meyer Children’s Hospital IRCCS, Viale Pieraccini 24, 50139 Florence, Italy
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25
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Dai Q, Zhang G, Wang Y, Ye L, Shi R, Peng L, Guo S, He J, Yang H, Zhang Y, Jiang Y. Cytokine network imbalance in children with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia at diagnosis. Cytokine 2023; 169:156267. [PMID: 37320964 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Immune imbalance has been proved to be involved in the pathogenesis of hematologic neoplasm. However, little research has been reported altered cytokine network in childhood B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) at diagnosis. Our study aimed to evaluate the cytokine network in peripheral blood of newly diagnosed pediatric patients with B-ALL. Serum levels of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interferon (IFN)-γ, and IL-17A in 45 children with B-ALL and 37 healthy control children were measured by cytometric bead array, while the level of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in the serum was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Patients showed a significant increase in IL-6 (p < 0.001), IL-10 (p < 0.001), IFN-γ (p = 0.023) and a significant reduction in TGF-β1 (p = 0.001). The levels of IL-2, IL-4, TNF and IL-17A were similar in the two groups. Higher concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines were associated with febrile in patients without apparent infection by using unsupervised machine learning algorithms. In conclusion, our results indicated a critical role for aberrant cytokine expression profiles in the progression of childhood B-ALL. Distinct cytokine subgroups with different clinical features and immune response have been identified in patients with B-ALL at the time of diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingkai Dai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, China; Key Laboratory of Obstrtric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Disease and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, China; Key Laboratory of Obstrtric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Disease and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, China
| | - Yuefang Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, China; Key Laboratory of Obstrtric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Disease and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, China
| | - Lei Ye
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, China; Key Laboratory of Obstrtric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Disease and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, China
| | - Rui Shi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, China; Key Laboratory of Obstrtric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Disease and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, China
| | - Luyun Peng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, China; Key Laboratory of Obstrtric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Disease and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, China
| | - Siqi Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, China; Key Laboratory of Obstrtric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Disease and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, China
| | - Jiajing He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, China; Key Laboratory of Obstrtric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Disease and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, China; Key Laboratory of Obstrtric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Disease and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, China
| | - Yingjun Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, China; Key Laboratory of Obstrtric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Disease and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, China
| | - Yongmei Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, China; Key Laboratory of Obstrtric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Disease and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, China.
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Endo Y, Kanno T, Nakajima T, Ikeda K, Taketomi Y, Yokoyama S, Sasamoto S, Asou HK, Miyako K, Hasegawa Y, Kawashima Y, Ohara O, Murakami M, Nakayama T. 1-Oleoyl-lysophosphatidylethanolamine stimulates RORγt activity in T H17 cells. Sci Immunol 2023; 8:eadd4346. [PMID: 37540735 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.add4346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic fluxes involving fatty acid biosynthesis play essential roles in controlling the differentiation of T helper 17 (TH17) cells. However, the exact enzymes and lipid metabolites involved, as well as their link to promoting the core gene transcriptional signature required for the differentiation of TH17 cells, remain largely unknown. From a pooled CRISPR-based screen and unbiased lipidomics analyses, we identified that 1-oleoyl-lysophosphatidylethanolamine could act as a lipid modulator of retinoid-related orphan receptor gamma t (RORγt) activity in TH17 cells. In addition, we specified five enzymes, including Gpam, Gpat3, Lplat1, Pla2g12a, and Scd2, suggestive of the requirement of glycerophospholipids with monounsaturated fatty acids being required for the transcription of Il17a. 1-Oleoyl-lysophosphatidylethanolamine was reduced in Pla2g12a-deficient TH17 cells, leading to the abolition of interleukin-17 (IL-17) production and disruption to the core transcriptional program required for the differentiation of TH17 cells. Furthermore, mice with T cell-specific deficiency of Pla2g12a failed to develop disease in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model of multiple sclerosis. Thus, our data indicate that 1-oleoyl-lysophosphatidylethanolamine is a lipid metabolite that promotes RORγt-induced TH17 cell differentiation and the pathogenicity of TH17 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Endo
- Department of Frontier Research and Development, Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
- Department of Omics Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana. Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670 Japan
- AMED-CREST, AMED, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshio Kanno
- Department of Frontier Research and Development, Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nakajima
- Department of Frontier Research and Development, Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Ikeda
- Department of Applied Genomics, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Taketomi
- Laboratory of Microenvironmental Metabolic Health Sciences Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655 Japan
| | - Satoru Yokoyama
- Department of Frontier Research and Development, Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Shigemi Sasamoto
- Department of Frontier Research and Development, Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Hikari K Asou
- Department of Frontier Research and Development, Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Keisuke Miyako
- Department of Frontier Research and Development, Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
- Department of Applied Genomics, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Hasegawa
- Department of Applied Genomics, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kawashima
- Department of Applied Genomics, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Osamu Ohara
- Department of Applied Genomics, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Makoto Murakami
- AMED-CREST, AMED, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory of Microenvironmental Metabolic Health Sciences Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655 Japan
| | - Toshinori Nakayama
- AMED-CREST, AMED, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana. Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670 Japan
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27
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Hu C, Liao S, Lv L, Li C, Mei Z. Intestinal Immune Imbalance is an Alarm in the Development of IBD. Mediators Inflamm 2023; 2023:1073984. [PMID: 37554552 PMCID: PMC10406561 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1073984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune regulation plays a crucial role in human health and disease. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic relapse bowel disease with an increasing incidence worldwide. Clinical treatments for IBD are limited and inefficient. However, the pathogenesis of immune-mediated IBD remains unclear. This review describes the activation of innate and adaptive immune functions by intestinal immune cells to regulate intestinal immune balance and maintain intestinal mucosal integrity. Changes in susceptible genes, autophagy, energy metabolism, and other factors interact in a complex manner with the immune system, eventually leading to intestinal immune imbalance and the onset of IBD. These events indicate that intestinal immune imbalance is an alarm for IBD development, further opening new possibilities for the unprecedented development of immunotherapy for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Shengtao Liao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Lin Lv
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Chuanfei Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Zhechuan Mei
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
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d'Alessandro M, Bergantini L, Gangi S, Conticini E, Cavallaro D, Cameli P, Mezzasalma F, Cantarini L, Frediani B, Bargagli E. Immunological Pathways in Sarcoidosis and Autoimmune Rheumatic Disorders-Similarities and Differences in an Italian Prospective Real-Life Preliminary Study. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1532. [PMID: 37371628 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of sarcoidosis involves T cells and B lymphocytes that produce autoantibodies. We compared the expression of different T and B cell subsets in sarcoidosis and three B-mediated rheumatic diseases that can affect the lungs in an attempt to identify similarities and differences that distinguish these diseases. METHODS The study included patients referred to Siena University Hospital's respiratory disease and rheumatology units. Patients were enrolled prospectively and consecutively. Healthy volunteers were also included. Multicolor flow cytometry was performed on phenotype T and B cell subsets. Multivariate analysis was carried out to reduce the dimensionality of the data. RESULTS Fifteen patients had a diagnosis of sarcoidosis, fourteen idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM), five granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), ten microscopic polyangiitis (MPA), and seven were controls. Thirty-five T and B cell subsets were phenotyped, 15 of which were significantly different in sarcoidosis, B-mediated rheumatic disorders, and controls. Principal components analysis distinguished the four groups of patients with a total explained variance of 54.7%. A decision tree was constructed to determine which clustering variables would be most useful for distinguishing sarcoidosis, IIM, MPA, and GPA. The model showed regulatory T helper cells (Th-reg) > 5.70% in 91% of sarcoidosis patients as well as Th-reg ≤ 5.70 and Th17 > 43.27 in 100% of MPA. It also showed Th-reg ≤ 5.70, Th17 ≤ 43.27 and Tfh-reg ≥ 7.81 in 100% of GPA patients, and Th-reg ≤ 5.70, Th17 ≤ 43.27 and Tfh-reg ≤ 7.81 in 100% of IIM patients. CONCLUSION The immune cell profile sheds light on similarities and differences between sarcoidosis and B-mediated rheumatic diseases. Sarcoidosis and autoimmune diseases show similar patterns of cellular immune dysregulation, suggesting a common pathogenic pathway that may provide an opportunity for further understanding autoimmunity and exploring biological therapies to treat sarcoidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriana d'Alessandro
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences & Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Laura Bergantini
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences & Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Sara Gangi
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences & Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Edoardo Conticini
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery & Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Dalila Cavallaro
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences & Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Paolo Cameli
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences & Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Mezzasalma
- Diagnostic and Interventional Bronchoscopy Unit, Cardio-Thoracic and Vascular Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese (AOUS), University Hospital of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Luca Cantarini
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery & Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Bruno Frediani
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery & Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Elena Bargagli
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences & Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
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Zhang C, Liu H, Sun L, Wang Y, Chen X, Du J, Sjöling Å, Yao J, Wu S. An overview of host-derived molecules that interact with gut microbiota. IMETA 2023; 2:e88. [PMID: 38868433 PMCID: PMC10989792 DOI: 10.1002/imt2.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiota comprises bacteria, archaea, fungi, protists, and viruses that live together and interact with each other and with host cells. A stable gut microbiota is vital for regulating host metabolism and maintaining body health, while a disturbed microbiota may induce different kinds of disease. In addition, diet is also considered to be the main factor that influences the gut microbiota. The host could shape the gut microbiota through other factors. Here, we reviewed the mechanisms that mediate host regulation on gut microbiota, involved in gut-derived molecules, including gut-derived immune system molecules (secretory immunoglobulin A, antimicrobial peptides, cytokines, cluster of differentiation 4+ effector T cell, and innate lymphoid cells), sources related to gut-derived mucosal molecules (carbon sources, nitrogen sources, oxygen sources, and electron respiratory acceptors), gut-derived exosomal noncoding RNA (ncRNAs) (microRNAs, circular RNA, and long ncRNA), and molecules derived from organs other than the gut (estrogen, androgen, neurohormones, bile acid, and lactic acid). This study provides a systemic overview for understanding the interplay between gut microbiota and host, a comprehensive source for potential ways to manipulate gut microbiota, and a solid foundation for future personalized treatment that utilizes gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenguang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Huifeng Liu
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Lei Sun
- Centre for Translational Microbiome Research, Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell BiologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Yue Wang
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Juan Du
- Centre for Translational Microbiome Research, Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell BiologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Åsa Sjöling
- Centre for Translational Microbiome Research, Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell BiologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Junhu Yao
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Shengru Wu
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
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30
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Pham D, Silberger DJ, Nguyen KN, Gao M, Weaver CT, Hatton RD. Batf stabilizes Th17 cell development via impaired Stat5 recruitment of Ets1-Runx1 complexes. EMBO J 2023; 42:e109803. [PMID: 36917143 PMCID: PMC10106990 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021109803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the activator protein-1 (AP-1) factor Batf is required for Th17 cell development, its mechanisms of action to underpin the Th17 program are incompletely understood. Here, we find that Batf ensures Th17 cell identity in part by restricting alternative gene programs through its actions to restrain IL-2 expression and IL-2-induced Stat5 activation. This, in turn, limits Stat5-dependent recruitment of Ets1-Runx1 factors to Th1- and Treg-cell-specific gene loci. Thus, in addition to pioneering regulatory elements in Th17-specific loci, Batf acts indirectly to inhibit the assembly of a Stat5-Ets1-Runx1 complex that enhances the transcription of Th1- and Treg-cell-specific genes. These findings unveil an important role for Stat5-Ets1-Runx1 interactions in transcriptional networks that define alternate T cell fates and indicate that Batf plays an indispensable role in both inducing and maintaining the Th17 program through its actions to regulate the competing actions of Stat5-assembled enhanceosomes that promote Th1- and Treg-cell developmental programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duy Pham
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA
| | - Daniel J Silberger
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA
| | - Kim N Nguyen
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA
| | - Min Gao
- Informatics InstituteUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA
| | - Casey T Weaver
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA
| | - Robin D Hatton
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA
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31
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Jokinen EM, Niemeläinen M, Kurkinen ST, Lehtonen JV, Lätti S, Postila PA, Pentikäinen OT, Niinivehmas SP. Virtual Screening Strategy to Identify Retinoic Acid-Related Orphan Receptor γt Modulators. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083420. [PMID: 37110655 PMCID: PMC10145393 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular docking is a key method used in virtual screening (VS) campaigns to identify small-molecule ligands for drug discovery targets. While docking provides a tangible way to understand and predict the protein-ligand complex formation, the docking algorithms are often unable to separate active ligands from inactive molecules in practical VS usage. Here, a novel docking and shape-focused pharmacophore VS protocol is demonstrated for facilitating effective hit discovery using retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor gamma t (RORγt) as a case study. RORγt is a prospective target for treating inflammatory diseases such as psoriasis and multiple sclerosis. First, a commercial molecular database was flexibly docked. Second, the alternative docking poses were rescored against the shape/electrostatic potential of negative image-based (NIB) models that mirror the target's binding cavity. The compositions of the NIB models were optimized via iterative trimming and benchmarking using a greedy search-driven algorithm or brute force NIB optimization. Third, a pharmacophore point-based filtering was performed to focus the hit identification on the known RORγt activity hotspots. Fourth, free energy binding affinity evaluation was performed on the remaining molecules. Finally, twenty-eight compounds were selected for in vitro testing and eight compounds were determined to be low μM range RORγt inhibitors, thereby showing that the introduced VS protocol generated an effective hit rate of ~29%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmeri M Jokinen
- MedChem.fi, Institute of Biomedicine, Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Miika Niemeläinen
- MedChem.fi, Institute of Biomedicine, Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Sami T Kurkinen
- MedChem.fi, Institute of Biomedicine, Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Jukka V Lehtonen
- Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory, Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20500 Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Sakari Lätti
- MedChem.fi, Institute of Biomedicine, Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Pekka A Postila
- MedChem.fi, Institute of Biomedicine, Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Olli T Pentikäinen
- MedChem.fi, Institute of Biomedicine, Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Sanna P Niinivehmas
- MedChem.fi, Institute of Biomedicine, Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
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Wang LY, Yang XY, Wu YP, Fan YC. IL-22-producing CD3 + CD8- T cells increase in immune clearance stage of chronic HBV infection and correlate with the response of Peg-interferon treatment. Clin Immunol 2023; 250:109320. [PMID: 37019423 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2023.109320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-22 regulates host defense. This study investigated the predominant IL-22-producing cell subsets under HBV associated immune stages. We found circulating IL-22-producing CD3 + CD8- T cells were significantly increased in immune active (IA) stage than those in immunotolerant stage, inactive carrier and healthy controls (HCs). The plasma IL-22 level was higher in IA and HBeAg-negative CHB compared to HCs. Importantly, CD3 + CD8- T cells were identified as the predominant source of plasma IL-22 production. Up-regulated IL-22-producing CD3 + CD8- T cells obviously correlated with the grade of intrahepatic inflammation. The proportions of IL-22-producing CD3 + CD8- T cells were significantly down-regulated after 48 weeks of Peg-interferon treatment, and the differences were of great significance in patients with normalize ALT levels at 48 weeks, rather than those with elevated ALT levels. In conclusion, IL-22 might play a proinflammatory function in. chronic HBV infected patients with active inflammation and Peg-interferon treatment could attenuate the degree of liver inflammation through down-regulating IL-22-producing CD3 + CD8- T cells.
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Apolit C, Campos N, Vautrin A, Begon-Pescia C, Lapasset L, Scherrer D, Gineste P, Ehrlich H, Garcel A, Santo J, Tazi J. ABX464 (Obefazimod) Upregulates miR-124 to Reduce Proinflammatory Markers in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2023; 14:e00560. [PMID: 36573890 PMCID: PMC10132720 DOI: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced therapies have transformed the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease; however, many patients fail to respond, highlighting the need for therapies tailored to the underlying cell and molecular disease drivers. The first-in-class oral molecule ABX464 (obefazimod), which selectively upregulates miR-124, has demonstrated its ability to be a well-tolerated treatment with rapid and sustained efficacy in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). Here, we provide evidence that ABX464 affects the immune system in vitro , in the murine model of inflammatory bowel disease, and in patients with UC. In vitro , ABX464 treatment upregulated miR-124 and led to decreases in proinflammatory cytokines including interleukin (IL) 17 and IL6, and in the chemokine CCL2. Consistently, miR-124 expression was upregulated in the rectal biopsies and blood samples of patients with UC, and a parallel reduction in Th17 cells and IL17a levels was observed in serum samples. In a mouse model of induced intestinal inflammation with dextran sulfate sodium, ABX464 reversed the increases in multiple proinflammatory cytokines in the colon and the upregulation of IL17a secretion in the mesenteric lymph nodes. By upregulating miR-124, ABX464 acts as "a physiological brake" of inflammation, which may explain the efficacy of ABX464 with a favorable tolerability and safety profile in patients with UC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jamal Tazi
- Abivax, Montpellier, France
- Abivax, Paris, France
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Marano G, Mazza M, Lisci FM, Ciliberto M, Traversi G, Kotzalidis GD, De Berardis D, Laterza L, Sani G, Gasbarrini A, Gaetani E. The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis: Psychoneuroimmunological Insights. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061496. [PMID: 36986226 PMCID: PMC10059722 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing interest in the role that the intestinal microbiota and the related autoimmune processes may have in the genesis and presentation of some psychiatric diseases. An alteration in the communication of the microbiota-gut-brain axis, which constitutes a communicative model between the central nervous system (CNS) and the gastro-enteric tract, has been identified as one of the possible causes of some psychiatric diseases. The purpose of this narrative review is to describe evidence supporting a role of the gut microbiota in psychiatric diseases and the impact of diet on microbiota and mental health. Change in the composition of the gut microbiota could determine an increase in the permeability of the intestinal barrier, leading to a cytokine storm. This could trigger a systemic inflammatory activation and immune response: this series of events could have repercussions on the release of some neurotransmitters, altering the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and reducing the presence of trophic brain factors. Although gut microbiota and psychiatric disorders seem to be connected, more effort is needed to understand the potential causative mechanisms underlying the interactions between these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Marano
- Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Marianna Mazza
- Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Maria Lisci
- Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Ciliberto
- Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Gianandrea Traversi
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fatebenefratelli Isola Tiberina-Gemelli Isola, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Georgios Demetrios Kotzalidis
- Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Lucrezia Laterza
- CEMAD Digestive Diseases Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Sani
- Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Gaetani
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Zhao N, Liu C, Li N, Zhou S, Guo Y, Yang S, Liu H. Role of Interleukin-22 in ulcerative colitis. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 159:114273. [PMID: 36696801 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative Colitis (UC) is a chronic disease, in the progression of which an immune overreaction may play an important role. IL-22 is a member of the IL-10 superfamily of cytokines and is pleiotropic in immune regulation and inflammatory responses. IL-22 can produce protective effects, promote wound healing and tissue regeneration, while it can also induce inflammatory reactions when it is chronically overexpressed. Extensive literatures reported that IL-22 played an essential role in the pathogenic development of UC. IL-22 participates in the whole disease process of UC involving signaling pathways, gene expression regulation, and intestinal flora imbalance, making IL-22 a possible candidate for the treatment of UC. In this paper, the latest knowledge to further elucidate the role of IL-22 in UC was summarized and analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, PR China.
| | - Chuanguo Liu
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, PR China.
| | - Ning Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, PR China.
| | - Shuang Zhou
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, PR China.
| | - Yuting Guo
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, PR China.
| | - Shihua Yang
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China.
| | - Huimin Liu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, PR China.
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Lee H, Cowan TL, Daniel BS, Murrell DF. A review of JAK and IL-23 inhibitors to treat vitiligo. Australas J Dermatol 2023; 64:204-212. [PMID: 36810815 DOI: 10.1111/ajd.14001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Vitiligo is an autoimmune skin disorder resulting in the depigmentation of skin characterised by patches of varying sizes and shapes. A common disorder of pigmentation that affects 0.5%-2% of the global population. Despite its well-understood autoimmune pathogenesis, the targets for effective cytokine intervention remain unclear. Current first-line treatments include oral or topical corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors and phototherapy. These treatments are limited, have varying efficacies, and are associated with significant adverse events or can be time-consuming. Therefore, biologics should be explored as a potential treatment for vitiligo. There are currently limited data for the use of JAK and IL-23 inhibitors for vitiligo. A total of 25 studies were identified in the review. There is promising evidence regarding the use of JAK and IL-23 inhibitors for the treatment of vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Lee
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Timothy L Cowan
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Dermatology, St George Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Benjamin S Daniel
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Dermatology, St George Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dédée F Murrell
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Dermatology, St George Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Wang ZJ, Chen LH, Xu J, Xu QX, Xu W, Yang XW. Corylin ameliorates chronic ulcerative colitis via regulating the gut-brain axis and promoting 5-hydroxytryptophan production in the colon. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 110:154651. [PMID: 36634380 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic ulcerative colitis (UC) is a lifelong disease, patients with chronic UC have a high prevalence of common mental disorders. The increasing interest in the role of gut-brain axis is seen in inflammatory bowel diseases. PURPOSE Corylin is a representative flavonoid compound isolated from the Psoraleae Fructus. This study aimed to identify the effects and mechanism of corylin on the inflammation interactions and 5-HT synthesis between the gut and brain in chronic UC. METHODS Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced chronic UC mouse model was established to assess the therapeutic effect of corylin on chronic UC symptoms. The expression of inflammatory cytokines was detected in the colon and brain. The expression of tight junction (TJ) proteins of intestinal mucosal barrier and blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1) in the hippocampus were determined by western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. In addition, several tryptophan (Trp) metabolites and related neurotransmitters in faeces, colon, serum, and brain were detected by UPLC-MS/MS. The interaction between corylin and 5-hydroxytryptophan decarboxylase (5-HTPDC) was performed by molecular docking and surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Finally, the changes of gut microbiota composition were analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing. RESULTS Corylin significantly alleviated colitis symptoms and inhibited inflammatory response in the colon and brain of DSS-induced chronic UC mice. The TJ proteins of intestinal mucosal barrier and BBB were improved and the expression of Iba1 in the hippocampus was normalized after corylin treatment. In addition, corylin treatment increased the expression of neurotransmitters in the brain, especially 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), but the expression of 5-HT in the colon was inhibited. Further study firstly proved that corylin could bind to the 5-HTDPC, and then inhibit the expression of 5-HTDPC and VB6, resulting in the 5-HT reduction and 5-HTP accumulation in the colon. Moreover, the intake of corylin transformed the diversity and composition of intestinal microbiota, Bacteroides, Escherichia-Shigella, and Turicibacter were decreased but Dubosiella, Enterorhabdus, and Candidatus_Stoquefichus were increased. CONCLUSION Corylin administration ameliorated DSS-induced colitis and inhibited intestinal inflammation and neuroinflammation via regulating the inflammation interactions across gut-brain axis and increasing 5-HTP generation in the colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Centre, Peking University, No. 38, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Li-Hua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Centre, Peking University, No. 38, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Centre, Peking University, No. 38, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qing-Xia Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Centre, Peking University, No. 38, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Centre, Peking University, No. 38, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiu-Wei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Centre, Peking University, No. 38, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
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38
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Wang C, Pan Z, Jin Y. F-53B induces hepatotoxic effects and slows self-healing in ulcerative colitis in mice. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 317:120819. [PMID: 36481465 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate (F-53 B) is a distinct substitute for perfluorooctane sulphonate. It has been reported to be biologically toxic to mammals, causing enteric toxicity, liver toxicity and neurotoxicity. However, studies about the effects of F-53 B on patients with gastrointestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease are very limited. In this study, whether the toxic impacts of F-53 B on the gut and liver can be exacerbated in mice with colitis was explored. The sensitivity of mice with acute colitis caused by dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS) to F-53 B was compared with that of healthy mice. The mice were administered water containing F-53 B at doses of 10 and 100 μg/L sequentially for two weeks, respectively. F-53 B exposure exacerbated DSS-induced colonic inflammation, including inducing shortening of colon length, inflammatory cell infiltration and more severe histopathological symptoms. In addition, F-53 B administration significantly increased the levels of inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6 and tumour necrosis factor-α, in the plasma of mice with enteritis compared with control group. F-53 B impaired intestinal integrity of mice with colitis by downregulating Claudin-1 and antimicrobial peptide-related genes while elevating serum lipopolysaccharide levels. In addition, in mice with colitis, F-53 B increased the levels of serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase, resulted in more severe liver inflammation and increased the level of genes related to the Gasdermin D-mediated pyrolysis. Conclusively, our results indicated that F-53 B delayed the self-healing of ulcerative colitis (UC) and caused liver inflammation in mice. This study provided some new insights into the health risks of F-53 B and raises concerns about the health of individuals with UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caihong Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, Zhejiang, China; Department of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zihong Pan
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuanxiang Jin
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, Zhejiang, China.
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Taylor J, Gandhi A, Gray E, Zaenker P. Checkpoint inhibitor immune-related adverse events: A focused review on autoantibodies and B cells as biomarkers, advancements and future possibilities. Front Immunol 2023; 13:991433. [PMID: 36713389 PMCID: PMC9874109 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.991433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has evolved rapidly with unprecedented treatment benefits being obtained for cancer patients, including improved patient survival. However, over half of the patients experience immune related adverse events (irAEs) or toxicities, which can be fatal, affect the quality of life of patients and potentially cause treatment interruption or cessation. Complications from these toxicities can also cause long term irreversible organ damage and other chronic health conditions. Toxicities can occur in various organ systems, with common observations in the skin, rheumatologic, gastrointestinal, hepatic, endocrine system and the lungs. These are not only challenging to manage but also difficult to detect during the early stages of treatment. Currently, no biomarker exists to predict which patients are likely to develop toxicities from ICI therapy and efforts to identify robust biomarkers are ongoing. B cells and antibodies against autologous antigens (autoantibodies) have shown promise and are emerging as markers to predict the development of irAEs in cancer patients. In this review, we discuss the interplay between ICIs and toxicities in cancer patients, insights into the underlying mechanisms of irAEs, and the involvement of the humoral immune response, particularly by B cells and autoantibodies in irAE development. We also provide an appraisal of the progress, key empirical results and advances in B cell and autoantibody research as biomarkers for predicting irAEs. We conclude the review by outlining the challenges and steps required for their potential clinical application in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Taylor
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia,School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia,*Correspondence: John Taylor,
| | - Aesha Gandhi
- Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Department of Medical Oncology, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Elin Gray
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia,School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Pauline Zaenker
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia,School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
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Atluri K, Manne S, Nalamothu V, Mantel A, Sharma PK, Babu RJ. Advances in Current Drugs and Formulations for the Management of Atopic Dermatitis. Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst 2023; 40:1-87. [PMID: 37585309 DOI: 10.1615/critrevtherdrugcarriersyst.2023042979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, relapsing inflammatory skin disease with a complex pathophysiology. Treatment of AD remains challenging owing to the presence of a wide spectrum of clinical phenotypes and limited response to existing therapies. However, recent genetic, immunological, and pathophysiological insights into the disease mechanism resulted in the invention of novel therapeutic drug candidates. This review provides a comprehensive overview of current therapies and assesses various novel drug delivery strategies currently under clinical investigation. Further, this review majorly emphasizes on various topical treatments including emollient therapies, barrier repair agents, topical corticosteroids (TCS), phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitors, calcineurin inhibitors, and Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway inhibitors. It also discusses biological and systemic therapies, upcoming treatments based on ongoing clinical trials. Additionally, this review scrutinized the use of pharmaceutical inactive ingredients in the approved topical dosage forms for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - R Jayachandra Babu
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
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41
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Schnell A, Littman DR, Kuchroo VK. T H17 cell heterogeneity and its role in tissue inflammation. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:19-29. [PMID: 36596896 PMCID: PMC10795475 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-022-01387-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Since their discovery almost two decades ago, interleukin-17-producing CD4+ T cells (TH17 cells) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. In addition, TH17 cells have been found to play an important role in tissue homeostasis, especially in the intestinal mucosa. Recently, the use of single-cell technologies, along with fate mapping and various mutant mouse models, has led to substantial progress in the understanding of TH17 cell heterogeneity in tissues and of TH17 cell plasticity leading to alternative T cell states and differing functions. In this Review, we discuss the heterogeneity of TH17 cells and the role of this heterogeneity in diverse functions of TH17 cells from homeostasis to tissue inflammation. In addition, we discuss TH17 cell plasticity and its incorporation into the current understanding of T cell subsets and alternative views on the role of TH17 cells in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Schnell
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Dan R Littman
- Department of Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Vijay K Kuchroo
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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42
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Muñoz L, Caparrós E, Albillos A, Francés R. The shaping of gut immunity in cirrhosis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1139554. [PMID: 37122743 PMCID: PMC10141304 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1139554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cirrhosis is the common end-stage of chronic liver diseases of different etiology. The altered bile acids metabolism in the cirrhotic liver and the increase in the blood-brain barrier permeability, along with the progressive dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota, contribute to gut immunity changes, from compromised antimicrobial host defense to pro-inflammatory adaptive responses. In turn, these changes elicit a disruption in the epithelial and gut vascular barriers, promoting the increased access of potential pathogenic microbial antigens to portal circulation, further aggravating liver disease. After summarizing the key aspects of gut immunity during homeostasis, this review is intended to update the contribution of liver and brain metabolites in shaping the intestinal immune status and, in turn, to understand how the loss of homeostasis in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue, as present in cirrhosis, cooperates in the advanced chronic liver disease progression. Finally, several therapeutic approaches targeting the intestinal homeostasis in cirrhosis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Muñoz
- Departamento de Medicina y Especialidades Médicas, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Caparrós
- Grupo de Inmunobiología Hepática e Intestinal, Departamento Medicina Clínica, Universidad Miguel Hernández, San Juan, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria ISABIAL, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Agustín Albillos
- Departamento de Medicina y Especialidades Médicas, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Gastroenterología y Hepatología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Agustín Albillos, ; Rubén Frances,
| | - Rubén Francés
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Grupo de Inmunobiología Hepática e Intestinal, Departamento Medicina Clínica, Universidad Miguel Hernández, San Juan, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria ISABIAL, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnologiía Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Spain
- *Correspondence: Agustín Albillos, ; Rubén Frances,
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Zhao X, Yang W, Yu T, Yu Y, Cui X, Zhou Z, Yang H, Yu Y, Bilotta AJ, Yao S, Xu J, Zhou J, Yochum GS, Koltun WA, Portolese A, Zeng D, Xie J, Pinchuk IV, Zhang H, Cong Y. Th17 Cell-Derived Amphiregulin Promotes Colitis-Associated Intestinal Fibrosis Through Activation of mTOR and MEK in Intestinal Myofibroblasts. Gastroenterology 2023; 164:89-102. [PMID: 36113570 PMCID: PMC9772145 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2022.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Intestinal fibrosis is a significant complication of Crohn's disease (CD). Gut microbiota reactive Th17 cells are crucial in the pathogenesis of CD; however, how Th17 cells induce intestinal fibrosis is still not completely understood. METHODS In this study, T-cell transfer model with wild-type (WT) and Areg-/- Th17 cells and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced chronic colitis model in WT and Areg-/- mice were used. CD4+ T-cell expression of AREG was determined by quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The effect of AREG on proliferation/migration/collagen expression in human intestinal myofibroblasts was determined. AREG expression was assessed in healthy controls and patients with CD with or without intestinal fibrosis. RESULTS Although Th1 and Th17 cells induced intestinal inflammation at similar levels when transferred into Tcrβxδ-/- mice, Th17 cells induced more severe intestinal fibrosis. Th17 cells expressed higher levels of AREG than Th1 cells. Areg-/- mice developed less severe intestinal fibrosis compared with WT mice on DSS insults. Transfer of Areg-/- Th17 cells induced less severe fibrosis in Tcrβxδ-/- mice compared with WT Th17 cells. Interleukin (IL)6 and IL21 promoted AREG expression in Th17 cells by activating Stat3. Stat3 inhibitor suppressed Th17-induced intestinal fibrosis. AREG promoted human intestinal myofibroblast proliferation, motility, and collagen I expression, which was mediated by activating mammalian target of rapamycin and MEK. AREG expression was increased in intestinal CD4+ T cells in fibrotic sites compared with nonfibrotic sites from patients with CD. CONCLUSIONS These findings reveal that Th17-derived AREG promotes intestinal fibrotic responses in experimental colitis and human patients with CD. Thereby, AREG might serve as a potential therapeutic target for fibrosis in CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Zhao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenjing Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Sealy Center for Microbiome Research, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Tianming Yu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Sealy Center for Microbiome Research, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Yu Yu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Xiufang Cui
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Yanbo Yu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Anthony J Bilotta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Suxia Yao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Jimin Xu
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Jia Zhou
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Gregory S Yochum
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania; Department of Surgery, Pennsylvania State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Walter A Koltun
- Department of Surgery, Pennsylvania State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Austin Portolese
- Department of Surgery, Pennsylvania State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Defu Zeng
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, The Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Jingwu Xie
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Iryna V Pinchuk
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Hongjie Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingzi Cong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Sealy Center for Microbiome Research, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.
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Aruncus dioicus var. kamtschaticus Extract Ameliorates Psoriasis-like Skin Inflammation via Akt/mTOR and JAK2/STAT3 Signaling Pathways in a Murine Model. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235094. [PMID: 36501124 PMCID: PMC9736163 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Goat's beard (Aruncus dioicus var. kamtschaticus) is a traditional medicinal plant, widely used in Chinese and Korean traditional medicine because of its anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-cancer activity. However, its effect on skin inflammatory diseases like psoriasis is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic potency of A. dioicus extract (ADE) in in vitro and in vivo psoriasis models. ADE treatment significantly attenuated skin inflammation and improved skin integrity in imiquimod-treated mice by suppressing keratinocyte hyperproliferation, inhibiting the infiltration of immune cells, and downregulating the expression of psoriatic markers. Further, ADE treatment suppressed protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (Akt/mTOR) and Janus kinase 2/signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (JAK2/STAT3) signaling in HaCaT cells. Overall, the application of ADE relieves psoriasis-like skin inflammation possibly by regulating the Akt/mTOR and JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathways, making it an effective alternative for psoriasis therapy.
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45
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A Review of the Safety of Interleukin-17A Inhibitor Secukinumab. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15111365. [PMID: 36355537 PMCID: PMC9695424 DOI: 10.3390/ph15111365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Secukinumab is an anti-interleukin (IL)-17A IgG1-κ monoclonal antibody approved for psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis. Its efficacy is well documented, but the complete safety profile of secukinumab, especially on long-term use, needs to be studied. IL-17 inhibitors increase the risk of infections, especially respiratory tract infections and candidiasis, and inflammatory bowel disease; the causal relationships are well described. However, evidence regarding the other adverse events is scarce, and causal associations between the adverse events and the biologic remain unresolved. This review aims to present a narrative perspective on the safety of secukinumab and identify some key areas where the safety of secukinumab may potentially be useful in understanding the scope of secukinumab therapy and making informed clinical decisions.
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46
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Ikeuchi T, Moutsopoulos NM. Osteoimmunology in periodontitis; a paradigm for Th17/IL-17 inflammatory bone loss. Bone 2022; 163:116500. [PMID: 35870792 PMCID: PMC10448972 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2022.116500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a prevalent human disease of inflammation-induced bone destruction. Through studies in patient lesions of rare and common forms of periodontitis and animal model experimentation, Th17/IL-17 related immune pathways have emerged as mediators of disease pathology. In this focused review, we examine mechanisms of induction, amplification and pathogenicity of Th17 cells in periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Ikeuchi
- Oral Immunity and Infection Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, 30 convent Dr, Bldg30, Room 327, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States of America.
| | - Niki M Moutsopoulos
- Oral Immunity and Infection Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, 30 convent Dr, Bldg30, Room 327, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States of America.
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Hu S, Wei P, Li W, Liu Q, Chen S, Hu C, Guo X, Ma X, Zeng J, Zhang Y. Pharmacological effects of berberine on models of ulcerative colitis: A meta-analysis and systematic review of animal studies. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:937029. [PMID: 36147325 PMCID: PMC9486070 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.937029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Berberine (BBR) is the main active constituent of the Rhizoma coptidis (Huanglian) and has multiple biological activities. Although current evidence suggests that the BBR has a multi-target effect in ulcerative colitis (UC), its action and mechanism are unclear. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to assess the pharmacological effects and potential mechanisms of BBR in UC models. Studies were searched from four databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library) until March 2022. Standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used for the adjudication of outcomes. Stata 15.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Twenty-eight publications and 29 studies involving 508 animals were included in the meta-analysis. The results showed that BBR reduced disease activity index (DAI) scores, alleviated UC-induced colon length (CL) loss, prevented weight loss, and reduced histological colitis score (HCS). Mechanistically, BBR was found to reduce myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, reduce levels of pro-inflammatory factors interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and mRNA expression of interleukin 17, increase levels of anti-inflammatory factor interleukin 10 (IL-10), and to increase levels of tight junction protein zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and occludin, which may involve antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, neuromodulation, anti-fibrotic, anti-inflammatory, barrier protection, and flora regulation aspects. However, additional attention should be paid to these outcomes due to the heterogeneity and methodological quality of the studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangyuan Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Pengfei Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingsong Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuanglan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Caiyu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaochuan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao Ma, ; Jinhao Zeng, ; Yi Zhang,
| | - Jinhao Zeng
- Department of Geriatrics, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao Ma, ; Jinhao Zeng, ; Yi Zhang,
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao Ma, ; Jinhao Zeng, ; Yi Zhang,
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Eliasen AU, Pedersen CET, Rasmussen MA, Wang N, Soverini M, Fritz A, Stokholm J, Chawes BL, Morin A, Bork-Jensen J, Grarup N, Pedersen O, Hansen T, Linneberg A, Mortensen PB, Hougaard DM, Bybjerg-Grauholm J, Bækvad-Hansen M, Mors O, Nordentoft M, Børglum AD, Werge T, Agerbo E, Söderhall C, Altman MC, Thysen AH, McKennan CG, Brix S, Gern JE, Ober C, Ahluwalia TS, Bisgaard H, Pedersen AG, Bønnelykke K. Genome-wide study of early and severe childhood asthma identifies interaction between CDHR3 and GSDMB. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 150:622-630. [PMID: 35381269 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma with severe exacerbation is one of the most common causes of hospitalization among young children. Exacerbations are typically triggered by respiratory infections, but the host factors causing recurrent infections and exacerbations in some children are poorly understood. As a result, current treatment options and preventive measures are inadequate. OBJECTIVE We sought to identify genetic interaction associated with the development of childhood asthma. METHODS We performed an exhaustive search for pairwise interaction between genetic single nucleotide polymorphisms using 1204 cases of a specific phenotype of early childhood asthma with severe exacerbations in patients aged 2 to 6 years combined with 5328 nonasthmatic controls. Replication was attempted in 3 independent populations, and potential underlying immune mechanisms were investigated in the COPSAC2010 and COPSAC2000 birth cohorts. RESULTS We found evidence of interaction, including replication in independent populations, between the known childhood asthma loci CDHR3 and GSDMB. The effect of CDHR3 was dependent on the GSDMB genotype, and this interaction was more pronounced for severe and early onset of disease. Blood immune analyses suggested a mechanism related to increased IL-17A production after viral stimulation. CONCLUSIONS We found evidence of interaction between CDHR3 and GSDMB in development of early childhood asthma, possibly related to increased IL-17A response to viral infections. This study demonstrates the importance of focusing on specific disease subtypes for understanding the genetic mechanisms of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders U Eliasen
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood (COPSAC), Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Health Technology, Section for Bioinformatics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Casper Emil T Pedersen
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood (COPSAC), Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten A Rasmussen
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood (COPSAC), Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ni Wang
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood (COPSAC), Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matteo Soverini
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood (COPSAC), Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Amelie Fritz
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood (COPSAC), Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Health Technology, Section for Bioinformatics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jakob Stokholm
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood (COPSAC), Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bo L Chawes
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood (COPSAC), Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andréanne Morin
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Jette Bork-Jensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Grarup
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torben Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Allan Linneberg
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Preben B Mortensen
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrated Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark; National Center for Register-Based Research (NCRR), Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Center for Integrated Register-Based Research (CIRRAU), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - David M Hougaard
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrated Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark; Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut (SSI), Copenhagen, Denmark; Den Neonatale Screenings Biobank, SSI, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas Bybjerg-Grauholm
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrated Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark; Den Neonatale Screenings Biobank, SSI, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marie Bækvad-Hansen
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrated Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark; Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut (SSI), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ole Mors
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrated Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark; Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital-Psychiatry, Risskov, Denmark
| | - Merete Nordentoft
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrated Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark; Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders D Børglum
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrated Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark; Center for Integrative Sequencing, Department of Biomedicine and iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Thomas Werge
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrated Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark; Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Copenhagen Mental Health Services, Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Clinical Medicine and GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Esben Agerbo
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrated Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark; National Center for Register-Based Research (NCRR), Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Center for Integrated Register-Based Research (CIRRAU), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Cilla Söderhall
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Wash
| | - Matthew C Altman
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Sweden
| | - Anna H Thysen
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood (COPSAC), Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Chris G McKennan
- Department of Statistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Susanne Brix
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - James E Gern
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis
| | - Carole Ober
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Tarunveer S Ahluwalia
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark; Bioinformatics Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hans Bisgaard
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood (COPSAC), Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders G Pedersen
- Department of Health Technology, Section for Bioinformatics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Klaus Bønnelykke
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood (COPSAC), Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Bharti S, Bharti M. The Business of T Cell Subsets and Cytokines in the Immunopathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Cureus 2022; 14:e27290. [PMID: 36039239 PMCID: PMC9407026 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.27290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder and one of the most common inflammatory diseases of gastrointestinal (GI) tract in young adults. It is now equally prevalent in western countries as well as in Asian countries. Recently, there has been an increasing IBD burden in low- to middle-income countries as opposed to the earlier notion of this being a disease of the affluents. It occurs due to a variety of factors, namely, local immune alteration, disruption and inflammation of the mucosa, environmental factors, microbial commensals, and pathogen-induced genetic predisposition or genetic alteration in protective factors, etc. So far, an exact etiopathogenesis of IBD is yet to be completely elucidated. Several recent types of research have emphasized the role of altered innate and humoral immunity in its causation, many of them based on animal models of IBD. Due to the poor understanding of its etiopathogenesis, IBD is still a challenge for the treating clinicians leading to persistent and recurrent disease in many cases. Immune dysregulation in the GI tract incited by various pathogenic stimuli has gained great attention from researchers in the field of IBD. This review focuses on highlighting the role of various T cell subsets, their interplay, and associated cytokines involved in the pathogenesis of IBD along with a short description of genetic as well as other immunological factors. A better understanding of the pathogenic factors and subsequent randomized controlled trials targeting these factors is prudent for better therapeutic approaches for IBD.
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Abstract
This study analyzed whole blood samples (n = 56) retrieved from 30 patients at 1 to 21 (median 9) mo after verified COVID-19 to determine the polarity and duration of antigen-specific T cell reactivity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2–derived antigens. Multimeric peptides spanning the entire nucleocapsid protein triggered strikingly synchronous formation of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-12, IL-13, and IL-17 ex vivo until ∼70 d after confirmed infection, whereafter this reactivity was no longer inducible. In contrast, levels of nucleocapsid-induced IL-2 and interferon-γ remained stable and highly correlated at 3 to 21 mo after infection. Similar cytokine dynamics were observed in unvaccinated, convalescent patients using whole-blood samples stimulated with peptides spanning the N-terminal portion of the spike 1 protein. These results unravel two phases of T cell reactivity following natural COVID-19: an early, synchronous response indicating transient presence of multipolar, antigen-specific T helper (TH) cells followed by an equally synchronous and durable TH1-like reactivity reflecting long-lasting T cell memory.
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