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Rashid MU, Dalal K, Khan MAS, Monisha UK, Sagar SK, Mishu TZ, Nabi MH, Hawlader MDH. Predictors of health-related quality of Life for COVID-19 survivors living in Dhaka, Bangladesh: A repeated Follow-Up after 18 months of their recovery. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 4:e0003472. [PMID: 39197043 PMCID: PMC11356435 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0003472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/30/2024]
Abstract
The study aimed to explore the key determinants that impact the quality of life (QoL) transformation of those who have recuperated from COVID-19 in the Dhaka metropolis, particularly 18 months post-recovery. RT-PCR confirmed that 1,587 COVID-19 patients from Dhaka were included in the study. The baseline was June - November 2020, subsequently recovered and interviewed 18 months after their initial recovery. The follow-up included 1587 individuals using the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire. After excluding 18 deaths, 53 refusals, 294 inaccessible participants, and 05 incomplete data entries, we analysed the data of the 1217 respondents. The average physical domain score decreased significantly from baseline to follow-up, whereas a significant increase in average scores has been observed in other domains at the follow-up (p<0.05). GEE equation shows after adjusting for other factors, older age, female gender, higher education, higher family income, hospital admission during COVID-19, and the number of comorbidities were significantly associated with changing individuals' QoL scores. Monthly family income >60000 BDT, being married and having no previous vaccination history are significant in reducing people's QoL scores in the psychological domain. On the other hand, age, employment status, monthly family income, marital status, smoking history, and COVID-19 reinfection were significantly associated with altering an individual's QoL scores in the social domain. The overall QoL of COVID-19 recovered people improved in all domains after 18 months, except the physical realm. Participants' age, employment status, family income, marital status, smoking history, comorbidities, COVID-19 vaccination, and COVID-19 reinfection were responsible for altering people's QoL index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Utba Rashid
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
- Nutrition Research Division (NRD), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Koustuv Dalal
- School of Health Sciences, Division of Public Health Science, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden
| | - Md. Abdullah Saeed Khan
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine (NIPSOM), Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Umme Kulsum Monisha
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Public Health Promotion and Development Society (PPDS), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Soumik Kha Sagar
- Nutrition Research Division (NRD), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tahmina Zerin Mishu
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Public Health Promotion and Development Society (PPDS), Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Tian E, O'Guinn ML, Chen SY, Ourshalimian S, Chaudhari PP, Spurrier RG. Primary caregiver employment status is associated with traumatic brain injury in children in the USA. Inj Prev 2024:ip-2023-045151. [PMID: 39043570 DOI: 10.1136/ip-2023-045151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common injury in children. Previous literature has demonstrated that TBI may be associated with supervision level. We hypothesised that primary caregiver employment would be associated with child TBI. METHODS A retrospective cross-sectional study was performed for children aged 0-17 using the National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH) 2018-2019. The NSCH contains survey data on children's health completed by adult caregivers from randomly selected households across the USA. We compared current TBI prevalence between children from households of different employment statuses. Current TBI was defined by survey responses indicating a healthcare provider diagnosed TBI or concussion for the child and the condition was present at the time of survey completion. Household employment status was categorised as two caregivers employed, two caregivers unemployed, one of two caregivers unemployed, single caregiver employed and single caregiver unemployed. Multivariable logistic regression was performed, controlling for sociodemographic factors. RESULTS Of 56 865 children, median age was 10 years (IQR: 5-14), and 0.6% (n=332) had a current TBI. Children with TBI were older than children without TBI (median 12 years vs 10 years, p<0.001). On multivariable regression, children with at least one caregiver unemployed had increased odds of current TBI compared with children with both caregivers employed. CONCLUSIONS Children with at least one caregiver unemployed had increased TBI odds compared with children with both caregivers employed. These findings highlight a population of families that may benefit from injury prevention education and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Tian
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- USC Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | | | | | - Pradip P Chaudhari
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, USC Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ryan G Spurrier
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Surgery, USC Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Lee S, Kang W. A meta-narrative review of research traditions on hidden workers in aging population for transdisciplinary implementation research. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1415770. [PMID: 38993702 PMCID: PMC11238214 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1415770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Hidden workers are defined as the three vulnerable subgroups of workers: the underemployed, the unemployed, and the discouraged workers. Hidden workers indeed the group with multiple identities; a transitioning retiree, jobseeker, caring for some, who may also have long term health conditions and ethnic minority all at the same time. Designing an intervention for this group necessitates the transdisciplinary knowledge. Transdisciplinary knowledge is crucial because it can inform how the intersectoral challenges might be addressed in interventions, and how the intersectoral implementation design and evaluation on hidden workers might be designed. This paper maps the intellectual landscape of the hidden workers in aging population literature to identify key disciplinary research clusters; and to find out how those research clusters are investigating hidden workers. With the meta-narrative review methodology on studies retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection, five research clusters were identified: (1) public health approaches to hidden workers, (2) welfare state and aging workforce, (3) older jobseekers, (4) life course perspective, (5) retirement transitions. Each research cluster focuses on different aspects of hidden workers, with varying research questions and rationales. These include conceptualising the determinants of the hidden workers in aging populations and the complex interrelation with public health. Furthermore, we suggest an analytical framework to allow for better understanding between the research traditions based on (1) the chosen socioecological level of analysis, (2) whether the research question is on the determinant for hidden workers or on the outcome of being hidden and (3) the chronosystem (early/middle/later life) timeframe of research question that is addressed. Through this study, we can identify the main issues faced by hidden workers among the older adults and the measures to address these issues as well as opening up a possibility for cross-sectoral policy responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sora Lee
- Department of Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Woojin Kang
- Department of Economics, Hanbat National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Okoroji C, Ibison Y, Robotham D. Employment support for Black people with long-term health conditions: a systematic narrative review of UK studies. J Ment Health 2024; 33:274-281. [PMID: 36899443 DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2023.2182410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Black people in the United Kingdom disproportionately acquire long-term health conditions and are marginalised from the labour market compared with other groups. These conditions interact and reinforce high rates of unemployment among Black people with long-term health conditions. AIMS To examine the efficacy, and experience, of employment support interventions in meeting the needs of Black service users in Britain. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted focusing on peer-reviewed literature featuring samples drawn from the United Kingdom. RESULTS The literature search revealed a paucity of articles that include analysis of Black people's outcomes or experiences. Six articles met the selection criteria of the review, of which five focused on mental health impairments. No firm conclusions could be drawn from the systematic review; however, the evidence suggests that Black people are less likely than their White counterparts to secure competitive employment and that Individual Placement and Support (IPS) may be less effective for Black participants. CONCLUSIONS We argue for a greater focus on ethnic differences in employment support outcomes with an emphasis on how such services may remediate racial differences in employment outcomes. We conclude by foregrounding how structural racism may explain the dearth of empirical evidence in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celestin Okoroji
- Department of Psychological and Behavioural Science, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
- Black Thrive, London, UK
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Pezzimenti F, Durrani E, Zheng S, Adams RE, Bishop SL, Taylor JL. Perspectives on Employer-Initiated Terminations Among Young Adults on the Autism Spectrum. J Autism Dev Disord 2024; 54:1332-1343. [PMID: 36626010 PMCID: PMC9838300 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-022-05884-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Job instability is high among autistic adults, with employer-initiated terminations a common reason for job loss. The current study used qualitative methods to code reasons that autistic adults identified for their employer-initiated termination. From 315 autistic individuals ages 18-35 who completed an online survey, 93 (29.5%) reported having been terminated from a job. These individuals were asked about the reasons for their termination and responses were coded into thematic categories. Common reasons included work performance, social difficulties, attendance, and mental health challenges. Adults were more likely to attribute terminations to internal causes (related to the individual) than to external causes (environment-related). A good fit between workplace, individual preferences, skills, and abilities is likely key to promoting job continuity for autistic adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Pezzimenti
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Eman Durrani
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Shuting Zheng
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry and Behavior Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ryan E Adams
- Division of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Somer L Bishop
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry and Behavior Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Julie Lounds Taylor
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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Al-Amin NS, McBryde-Redzovic A, Gutierrez-Kapheim M, Mitchell UA. COVID-Related Stressors and Psychological Distress Among Chicago Residents: the Moderating Role of Race. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2024; 11:598-610. [PMID: 36877378 PMCID: PMC9987389 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-023-01544-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Racial and ethnic minorities have been disproportionately affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and have experienced greater financial loss, housing instability, and food insecurity due to COVID-related restrictions. As a result, Black and Hispanic communities may be at greater risk of experiencing psychological distress (PD). METHODS Using data collected between October 2020 and January 2021from 906 Black (39%), White (50%), and Hispanic (11%) adults, we assessed racial/ethnic differences in the effect of three COVID-related stressors-employment stress, housing instability, and food insecurity-on PD using ordinary least square regression. RESULTS Black adults reported lower PD levels compared to White adults (β = - 0.23, P < 0.001), but Hispanic adults did not differ significantly from White adults. COVID-related housing instability (β = 0.46, P < 0.001), food insecurity (β = 0.27, P < 0.001), and employment stress (β = 0.29, P < 0.001) were associated with higher PD. Employment stress was the only stressor to differentially affect PD by race/ethnicity. Among those that reported employment stress, Black adults had lower levels of distress compared to Whites (β = - 0.54, P < 0.001) and Hispanics (β = - 0.04, P = 0.85). CONCLUSION Despite relatively high exposure to COVID-related stressors, Black respondents had lower levels of PD compared to Whites and Hispanics which may reflect differences in race-specific coping mechanisms. Future research is needed to elucidate the nuances of these relationships and identify policies and interventions that prevent and minimize the impact of employment, food, and housing-related stressors and support coping mechanisms that promote mental health among minority populations, such as policies that support easier access to mental health and financial and housing assistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia S Al-Amin
- School of Public Health, Community Health Sciences Division, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Aminah McBryde-Redzovic
- School of Public Health, Community Health Sciences Division, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Melissa Gutierrez-Kapheim
- School of Public Health, Community Health Sciences Division, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Uchechi A Mitchell
- School of Public Health, Community Health Sciences Division, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Laker B, Weisz N, Vassolo R. Countercyclical approach to enhancing health and well-being in healthcare systems: strategies for economic resilience and sustainable care. BMJ LEADER 2024:leader-2023-000873. [PMID: 38408842 DOI: 10.1136/leader-2023-000873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Natalia Weisz
- IAE Business School, Universidad Austral, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Roberto Vassolo
- IAE Business School, Universidad Austral, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Muschalla B. Are retired persons fitter in their psychological capacities than unemployed? A cross-sectional representative study in Germany. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e065869. [PMID: 38238046 PMCID: PMC10806760 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-065869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Beyond specific aspects of numerical or verbal intelligence or cognitive speed, a broad range of psychological capacities are generally important in school, job and social life for all age groups. People have to quit the labour market up from a certain age about 65, whereas (younger) unemployed are motivated for return to work. The question is which psychological capacity profiles can be found in different employment groups (employed, mini-jobbers, voluntary service, retired, unemployed). DESIGN A representative cross-sectional survey was conducted in Germany, reaching 2528 persons. SETTING Republic of Germany. PARTICIPANTS Randomly selected inhabitants throughout Germany. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Participants reported their sociodemographic and work characteristics, as well as their psychological capacity profiles (Mini-ICF-APP-S) and work-related specific mental health problems (work-anxiety, embitterment). RESULTS The unemployed had-compared with all other groups-highest rates of work-anxiety and embitterment (16.3%). In contrast to the unemployed, the 'older' (70 aged) retired group, who were no longer working on the labour market, seldomly reported work-anxiety (2.6%) or embitterment (4.2%). The unemployed had the worst capacity profiles, most frequently no school degree (11.5%), most unemployment in their history (four times, as compared with once in the older retired). The psychological capacity profiles of the retired were similar to employed persons. CONCLUSIONS Keeping older persons with high psychological capacity levels in working life could be an alternative to forced reintegration of people with chronic participation problems into the competitive labour market. Unemployed persons with chronic health and participation problems might benefit from other social inclusion means.
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Ahn SK, Seo HJ, Choi MJ. Trends and regional distribution in health-related quality of life across sex and employment status: a repeated population-based cross-sectional study. J Occup Health 2024; 66:uiae017. [PMID: 38604179 PMCID: PMC11131014 DOI: 10.1093/joccuh/uiae017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated the association between sex and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) based on employment status. METHODS This was a population-based cross-sectional study. Data were collected from 1 996 153 adults aged ≥19 years who participated in the Korea Community Health Survey from 2011 to 2019. Low HRQoL was classified based on separate cutoff points (males: 0.92, females: 0.90) on the European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions index. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs. RESULTS From 2011 to 2019, the trend of the prevalence of low HRQoL levels was consistently high in the order of unemployed males, unemployed females, employed males, and employed females. Regarding the regional distribution of unemployed males, the prevalence of low HRQoL was 29.5% to 43.5%. Unemployed males had a higher prevalence of low HRQoL (OR: 1.15; 95% CI: 1.12-1.24) than employed males. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that the prevalence of low HRQoL levels among unemployed males was consistently high at the annual trend and regional levels. Further research considering comprehensive health determinants and multidimensional public health interventions is required to prevent deterioration of HRQoL during unemployment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon-Ki Ahn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, 282 Munhwa-ro, Jung-Gu, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ju Seo
- College of Nursing, Chungnam National University, 266 Munhwa-ro, Jung-Gu, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Jung Choi
- College of Nursing, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
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Judd N, Hughes K, Bellis MA, Hardcastle K, Amos R. Is parental unemployment associated with increased risk of adverse childhood experiences? A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Public Health (Oxf) 2023; 45:829-839. [PMID: 37253685 PMCID: PMC10687894 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdad069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unemployment has adverse consequences for families and can put children at risk of harm. This study presents a systematic review and meta-analysis of global evidence on associations between parental unemployment and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). METHODS Systematic literature searches across four databases identified cross-sectional, cohort or case-control studies measuring associations between parental employment and individual or cumulative ACEs in children. Available risk estimates were extracted and pooled odds ratios calculated using random-effects models. RESULTS Of 60 included studies, 37 provided risk estimates suitable for pooling across seven ACE types. Paternal/any parental unemployment was associated with a 29% increased risk of sexual abuse, 54% increased risk of neglect, 60% increased risk of physical abuse and around 90% increased risk of child maltreatment and parental mental illness. No associations were found between maternal unemployment and ACEs. Pooling estimates from representative general population studies also identified increased risk of child maltreatment with paternal/any parental unemployment (82%) but not maternal unemployment. CONCLUSIONS Children who grow up with parental unemployment can be at increased risk of ACEs. A combination of socioeconomic measures to increase employment opportunities and parental support targeting fathers and mothers may help break multigenerational cycles of abuse and deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Judd
- Public Health Collaborating Unit, BIHMR, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Wrexham Technology Park, Bangor University, Wrexham LL13 7YP, UK
- Policy and International Health, WHO Collaborating Centre on Investment for Health and Well-Being, Public Health Wales, Wrexham Technology Park, Wrexham LL13 7YP, UK
| | - Karen Hughes
- Public Health Collaborating Unit, BIHMR, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Wrexham Technology Park, Bangor University, Wrexham LL13 7YP, UK
- Policy and International Health, WHO Collaborating Centre on Investment for Health and Well-Being, Public Health Wales, Wrexham Technology Park, Wrexham LL13 7YP, UK
| | - Mark A Bellis
- Policy and International Health, WHO Collaborating Centre on Investment for Health and Well-Being, Public Health Wales, Wrexham Technology Park, Wrexham LL13 7YP, UK
- Faculty of Health, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L2 2ER, UK
| | - Katie Hardcastle
- Policy and International Health, WHO Collaborating Centre on Investment for Health and Well-Being, Public Health Wales, Wrexham Technology Park, Wrexham LL13 7YP, UK
| | - Rebekah Amos
- Public Health Collaborating Unit, BIHMR, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Wrexham Technology Park, Bangor University, Wrexham LL13 7YP, UK
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Matsumoto R, Motomura E, Okada M. Impacts of Complete Unemployment Rates Disaggregated by Reason and Duration on Suicide Mortality from 2009-2022 in Japan. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2806. [PMID: 37893880 PMCID: PMC10606519 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11202806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In Japan, suicides had consistently decreased before the COVID-19 pandemic (from 2009-2019), but conversely increased after the pandemic outbreak (from 2020-2022). To identify the features of fluctuations of suicides in Japan, the standardized suicide mortality rates per 100,000 population (SMRP) disaggregated by gender (males/females) and age (10-year cohorts) from 2009-2022 were analyzed using interrupted time-series and joinpoint regression analyses. Temporal causalities from unemployment rate (CUR) disaggregated by unemployment duration and reasons for seeking work to SMRP were analyzed using vector autoregressive modelling with Granger causality analysis. SMRP fluctuations from 2009-2022 were composed of three patterns, such as positive discontinuity (increasing) synchronized with the pandemic outbreak, attenuations of decreasing trends before the pandemic, turning from decreasing before the pandemic to increasing/unchanging after the pandemic outbreak. Dismissal CUR positively related to SMRP of working-age generations, whereas voluntary CUR negatively related to SMRP of younger population (<30 years), which turned to persistently increasing before the pandemic (approximately 2016-2017). CUR shorter than 3 months positively related to SMRP of working-age females, which displayed promptly increasing synchronization with the pandemic outbreak. CUR longer than 12 months positively related to SMRP of working-age males, which contributed to persistently increasing SMRPs during the pandemic. These results suggest that increasing SMRP during 2020-2022 in Japan has been probably at-tributed to interactions among the pandemic-related factors, continuous vulnerabilities from before the pandemic and newly developing risk factors for suicides during the pandemic. Unexpectedly, increasing SMRPs of working-age males in 2022 suggest that either prolongation of the pandemic or the ending of the pandemic might positively affect suicides in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Motohiro Okada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Division of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu 514-8507, Japan; (R.M.); (E.M.)
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Hoff A, Poulsen RM, Fisker JP, Hjorthøj C, Nordentoft M, Christensen U, Bojesen AB, Eplov LF. Integrated Mental Healthcare and Vocational Rehabilitation for People on Sick Leave with Anxiety or Depression: 24-Month Follow-up of the Randomized IBBIS Trial. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2023; 33:570-580. [PMID: 36849841 PMCID: PMC10495506 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-023-10094-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Integration of vocational rehabilitation and mental healthcare has shown some effect on work participation at 1-year follow-up after sick leave with depression and anxiety. We aimed to study the effect on work and health outcomes at 2-year follow-up, why we performed a randomized trial was conducted to study the effectiveness of integrated intervention (INT) compared to service as usual (SAU) and best practice mental healthcare (MHC). We included 631 participants, and at 24-month follow-up, we detected no differences in effect between INT and SAU. Compared to MHC, INT showed faster return-to-work (RTW) rates (p = 0.044) and a higher number of weeks in work (p = 0.024). No symptom differences were observed between the groups at 24 months. In conclusion, compared to SAU, INT was associated with a slightly higher work rate reaching borderline statistical significance at 12-month follow-up and lower stress levels at 6-month follow-up. The disappearance of relative effect between 12 and 24 months may be explained by the fact that the intervention lasted less than 12 months or by delayed spontaneous remission in the SAU group after 12 months. Despite the lack of effect at long-term follow-up, INT still performed slightly better than SAU overall. Moderate implementation difficulties, may partly explain the absence of the hypothesized effect. Integrated intervention, as implemented in this trial, showed some positive effects on mid-term vocational status and short-term stress symptom levels. However, these effects were not sustained beyond the duration of the intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Hoff
- Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health - CORE, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte Hospitalsvej 15, Hellerup, 2900, Denmark.
| | - Rie Mandrup Poulsen
- The National Board of Social Services in Denmark, Edisonsvej 1, Odense, 5000, Denmark
| | - Jonas Peter Fisker
- Hejmdal Private hospital, Martinsvej 7-9, Frederiksberg C, 1926, Denmark
| | - Carsten Hjorthøj
- Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health - CORE, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte Hospitalsvej 15, Hellerup, 2900, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Merete Nordentoft
- Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health - CORE, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte Hospitalsvej 15, Hellerup, 2900, Denmark
| | - Ulla Christensen
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, P.O.B. 2099, Copenhagen K, 1014, Denmark
| | - Anders Bo Bojesen
- Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health - CORE, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte Hospitalsvej 15, Hellerup, 2900, Denmark
| | - Lene Falgaard Eplov
- Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health - CORE, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte Hospitalsvej 15, Hellerup, 2900, Denmark
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Kühn M, Dudel C, Werding M. Maternal health, well-being, and employment transitions: A longitudinal comparison of partnered and single mothers in Germany. SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 2023; 114:102906. [PMID: 37597922 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2023.102906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Balancing parenthood and employment can be challenging and distressing, particularly for single mothers. At the same time, transitioning to employment can improve the financial situations of single mothers and provide them with access to social networks, which can have beneficial effects on their health and well-being. Currently, however, it is not well understood whether the overall impact of employment on single mothers is positive or negative, and to what extent it differs from the impact of employment on partnered mothers. Building on the literature on work-family conflict, we investigate the differential effects of employment transitions on the health and well-being of single mothers and partnered mothers. Using longitudinal data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (1992-2016), we apply panel regression techniques that address the potential endogeneity of maternal employment, as well as the dynamic nature of the relationship between employment transitions and maternal health and well-being. We find that employment has a positive impact on single mothers, and that single mothers benefit from employment significantly more than partnered mothers. Surprisingly, income does not appear to be an important driver of these results. Overall, our findings suggest that employment plays a key role in the well-being of single mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mine Kühn
- Tilburg University, School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Sociology, PO Box 90153, 5000, LE Tilburg, Netherlands; Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Konrad-Zuse-Str. 1, 18055, Rostock, Germany.
| | - Christian Dudel
- Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Konrad-Zuse-Str. 1, 18055, Rostock, Germany; Federal Institute for Population Research, Friedrich-Ebert-Allee 4, 65185, Wiesbaden, Germany; Max Planck - University of Helsinki Center for Social Inequalities in Population Health, Rostock, Germany.
| | - Martin Werding
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany.
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14
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Marx W, Manger SH, Blencowe M, Murray G, Ho FYY, Lawn S, Blumenthal JA, Schuch F, Stubbs B, Ruusunen A, Desyibelew HD, Dinan TG, Jacka F, Ravindran A, Berk M, O'Neil A. Clinical guidelines for the use of lifestyle-based mental health care in major depressive disorder: World Federation of Societies for Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) and Australasian Society of Lifestyle Medicine (ASLM) taskforce. World J Biol Psychiatry 2023; 24:333-386. [PMID: 36202135 PMCID: PMC10972571 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2022.2112074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The primary objectives of these international guidelines were to provide a global audience of clinicians with (a) a series of evidence-based recommendations for the provision of lifestyle-based mental health care in clinical practice for adults with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and (b) a series of implementation considerations that may be applicable across a range of settings. METHODS Recommendations and associated evidence-based gradings were based on a series of systematic literature searches of published research as well as the clinical expertise of taskforce members. The focus of the guidelines was eight lifestyle domains: physical activity and exercise, smoking cessation, work-directed interventions, mindfulness-based and stress management therapies, diet, sleep, loneliness and social support, and green space interaction. The following electronic bibliographic databases were searched for articles published prior to June 2020: PubMed, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library (Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Cochrane Methodology Register), CINAHL, PsycINFO. Evidence grading was based on the level of evidence specific to MDD and risk of bias, in accordance with the World Federation of Societies for Biological Psychiatry criteria. RESULTS Nine recommendations were formed. The recommendations with the highest ratings to improve MDD were the use of physical activity and exercise, relaxation techniques, work-directed interventions, sleep, and mindfulness-based therapies (Grade 2). Interventions related to diet and green space were recommended, but with a lower strength of evidence (Grade 3). Recommendations regarding smoking cessation and loneliness and social support were based on expert opinion. Key implementation considerations included the need for input from allied health professionals and support networks to implement this type of approach, the importance of partnering such recommendations with behaviour change support, and the need to deliver interventions using a biopsychosocial-cultural framework. CONCLUSIONS Lifestyle-based interventions are recommended as a foundational component of mental health care in clinical practice for adults with Major Depressive Disorder, where other evidence-based therapies can be added or used in combination. The findings and recommendations of these guidelines support the need for further research to address existing gaps in efficacy and implementation research, especially for emerging lifestyle-based approaches (e.g. green space, loneliness and social support interventions) where data are limited. Further work is also needed to develop innovative approaches for delivery and models of care, and to support the training of health professionals regarding lifestyle-based mental health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Marx
- Deakin University, Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Sam H Manger
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Queensland, Australia
- Australasian Society of Lifestyle Medicine, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mark Blencowe
- Australasian Society of Lifestyle Medicine, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Greg Murray
- Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Fiona Yan-Yee Ho
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Sharon Lawn
- Lived Experience Australia Ltd, Adelaide, Australia
- Flinders University, College of Medicine and Public Health, Adelaide, Australia
| | - James A. Blumenthal
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham NC 27710
| | - Felipe Schuch
- Department of Sports Methods and Techniques, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Brendon Stubbs
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, UK
| | - Anu Ruusunen
- Deakin University, Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Hanna Demelash Desyibelew
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | | | - Felice Jacka
- Deakin University, Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Arun Ravindran
- Department of Psychiatry & Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto. Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Michael Berk
- Deakin University, Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Adrienne O'Neil
- Deakin University, Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
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15
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Bogliacino F, Codagnone C, Folkvord F, Lupiáñez-Villanueva F. The impact of labour market shocks on mental health: evidence from the Covid-19 first wave. ECONOMIA POLITICA (BOLOGNA, ITALY) 2023; 40:1-32. [PMID: 37361479 PMCID: PMC10213601 DOI: 10.1007/s40888-023-00304-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we estimate the effect of a negative labour market shock on individuals' levels of stress, anxiety, and depression. We use a dataset collected during the first wave of the Covid-19 pandemic, on a representative sample of citizens from Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom, interviewed on three occasions. We measure stress, anxiety and depression and labour shocks using validated scales. Our research design is a standard difference-in-differences model: we leverage the differential timing of shocks to identify the impact on mental health. In our estimations, a negative labour shock increases the measure of stress, anxiety, and depression by 16% of a standard deviation computed from the baseline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bogliacino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Economiche, Università Degli Studi Di Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Cristiano Codagnone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Sociali e Politiche, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Frans Folkvord
- Tillburg School of Humanities and Digital Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
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16
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Fort I, Lheureux F, Auzoult L. Job search intentions and job attainment are self-regulated: Prospective analysis of the effects of self-efficacy, self-consciousness and core self-evaluations. AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF CAREER DEVELOPMENT 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/10384162221134204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to extend the results of previous research exploring the paths between variables of the theory of planned behaviour and job attainment. The theory of planned behaviour assumes that attitude, subjective norm and self-efficacy contribute to intention, which in turn determines behaviour and, finally, an outcome. Regarding job attainment, several moderators and several antecedents were identified, but the possible role of self-efficacy was neglected. In addition to examining its role, we also consider one of its possible antecedent (i.e. core self-evaluations) and whether private self-consciousness moderates the path between job search self-efficacy and job search intention. Scales measuring these variables were administered to a sample of 141 jobseekers, including 57 men and 84 women, most of them being between 45 and 54 years ( n = 42) or between 35 and 44 years ( n = 34). Results corroborate that core self-evaluations are related to job search self-efficacy and that private self-consciousness moderates the path between job search self-efficacy and job search intention, but in an unexpected way. Core self-evaluations are also directly related to job attainment. Results are discussed with reference to the literature and their practical implications.
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17
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Affum-Osei E, Chan DKS. Job search in a difficult labour market: linking goal orientation to job search strategies and outcomes with the moderating role of self-control. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2023:1-18. [PMID: 37359661 PMCID: PMC10033287 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-023-04439-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
This study addresses how goal orientation relates to different job search strategies to increase the chance of finding employment and quality jobs. We integrate the goal orientation theory with self-control to examine how the orientation of goals (i.e., performance-prove goal orientation (PPGO), performance-avoid goal orientation (PAGO) and learning goal orientation (LGO)) are associated with job search strategies (i.e., Focused Job Search Strategy- FJSS, Exploratory Job Search Strategy-EJSS, and Haphazard Job Search Strategy-HJSS) and how self-control moderates the process. In a three-wave study (nT1= 859; nT2 = 720; nT3 = 418), the hypotheses were tested using unemployed job seekers in Ghana. The results from the structural equation model show that learning goal oriented job seekers were inclined to search more focused and exploratory but engaged in less haphazard search. While PPGO facilitated EJSS, job seekers with PAGO searched more haphazardly but their search behaviour was less focused and exploratory. In addition, EJSS contributed to attending more job interviews, but HJSS decreased the chance of obtaining job interviews. Also, the interviews attended were associated with job offered, which in turn led to obtaining employment. Both FJSS and EJSS were related to employment quality but HJSS decreased employment quality. Interestingly, individual differences in self-control were found to moderate the relation between goal orientation and job search strategy. The use of EJSS was found to be more beneficial in difficult labour markets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Affum-Osei
- Department of Human Resources and Organisational Development, KNUST School of Business, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Darius K-S. Chan
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
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18
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Stevenson BJ, Chamberlin E, Smith CM, Teravainen T, Kathawalla UK, Mueller L. Mind the Overlap: A Qualitative Exploration of the Vocational Lives of Veterans Living With Mental Health and Substance Use Conditions. JOURNAL OF CAREER ASSESSMENT 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/10690727231164646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Veterans with mental health and substance use conditions have poor employment outcomes and would likely benefit from integrated career, mental health, and substance use related interventions. However, vocational psychology has overlooked this vulnerable population, and vocational interventions are often relegated as less important than other psychotherapeutic interventions that target substance use or symptom reduction. Drawing upon Social Cognitive Career Theory and Psychology of Working Theory, this qualitative study examined how external and internal factors influenced the vocational trajectories of eight veterans with mental health and substance use conditions. Additionally, this study examined participants’ perspective on the usefulness of improving career outcomes in supporting their lives and recoveries. Using Consensual Qualitative Research methodology, this study uncovered how personal, environmental, relational, mental health, and substance use factors impacted the vocational trajectories of veterans living with mental health and substance use conditions. Findings also highlight that veterans want fulfilling employment and more clarity in their vocational lives to support their mental well-being and prevent substance use. Implications for vocational psychology theory and integrative practice are discussed.
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19
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Schaap R, Stevels VA, de Wolff MS, Hazelzet A, Anema JR, Coenen P. "I noticed that when I have a good supervisor, it can make a Lot of difference." A Qualitative Study on Guidance of Employees with a Work Disability to Improve Sustainable Employability. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2023; 33:201-212. [PMID: 36066669 PMCID: PMC10025227 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-022-10063-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE For employees with a work disability adequate daily guidance from supervisors is key for sustainable employability. Supervisors often lack expertise to guide this group of employees. Mentorwijs (literal translation: Mentorwise) is a training for supervisors to improve the guidance of employees with a work disability. The aim of this study was to investigate the experiences of employees with a work disability regarding: (1) the guidance from their supervisors (who followed the Mentorwijs training), (2) which differences they notice in the guidance due to the Mentorwijs training, and (3) what kind of aspects they consider important in their guidance to achieve sustainable employability. METHODS A qualitative study was performed with semi-structured (group) interviews among twenty-one employees with a work disability. Thematic analysis was performed to analyze the data. RESULTS Themes that followed from the interviews were: (1) work tasks and conditions can facilitate or hinder sustainable employability: (2) relationships among employees and with supervisors can affect sustainable employability; (3) a desire for new opportunities and challenges; and (4) a need for supervisor skills to facilitate sustainable employability, i.e. appreciation, availability of help, dealing with problems, listening, attitude and communication. According to employees, changes were mainly noticed in supervisor skills. CONCLUSIONS Employees with a work disability were very satisfied with the guidance of supervisors who followed the Mentorwijs training. To improve sustainable employability, training of supervisors should focus more on adequate work conditions, providing employees opportunities to learn new work tasks and improving supervisors' skills regarding appreciation, attitude and communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Schaap
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - V A Stevels
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M S de Wolff
- Sustainable Productivity and Employability, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research TNO, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - A Hazelzet
- Sustainable Productivity and Employability, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research TNO, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J R Anema
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P Coenen
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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20
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Hwang S, Shin H. Gender Gap in Mental Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic in South Korea: A Decomposition Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2250. [PMID: 36767616 PMCID: PMC9915860 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The economic and social effects of the COVID-19 pandemic have been widespread but unevenly distributed among genders. The pandemic may have also affected men's and women's mental health differently. This study examined whether the pandemic had stronger adverse effects on women's mental health than on that of men given that the decline of the labor market was greater for women than for men. Using data from South Korea (June/September/December 2020, N = 3000), we investigated the gender gap in mental health during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic and its association with gender differences in labor market experiences. We employ the Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition method for this analysis. Although depression and anxiety increased among employed women and men during COVID-19, women showed lower levels of mental health than men. A significant portion of this gender gap is explained by women experiencing greater job loss, income reduction, and prohibition of remote work than men. We also find that women in their 30s experienced greater mental health problems than men of the same age even after controlling for other conditions. Overall, our findings show that a greater proportion of employed women than men experienced poor labor market conditions and increased family burdens during the COVID-19 pandemic, which contributed to women reporting worse mental health than men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunoong Hwang
- Department of Economics, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea;
| | - Heeju Shin
- Department of Sociology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 16442, Republic of Korea
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21
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Woodward A, Davies N, Walters K, Nimmons D, Stevenson F, Protheroe J, Chew-Graham CA, Armstrong M. Self-management of multiple long-term conditions: A systematic review of the barriers and facilitators amongst people experiencing socioeconomic deprivation. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0282036. [PMID: 36809286 PMCID: PMC9942951 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple long-term conditions are rising across all groups but people experiencing socioeconomic deprivation are found to have a higher prevalence. Self-management strategies are a vital part of healthcare for people with long-term conditions and effective strategies are associated with improved health outcomes in a variety of health conditions. The management of multiple long-term conditions are, however, less effective in people experiencing socioeconomic deprivation, leaving them more at risk of health inequalities. The purpose of this review is to identify and synthesise qualitative evidence on the barriers and facilitators of self-management on long-term conditions in those experiencing socioeconomic deprivation. METHODS MEDLINE, EMBASE, AMED, PsycINFO and CINAHL Plus were searched for qualitative studies concerning self-management of multiple long-term conditions among socioeconomically disadvantaged populations. Data were coded and thematically synthesised using NVivo. FINDINGS From the search results, 79 relevant qualitative studies were identified after the full text screening and 11 studies were included in the final thematic synthesis. Three overarching analytical themes were identified alongside a set of sub-themes: (1) Challenges of having multiple long-term conditions; prioritisation of conditions, impact of multiple long-term conditions on mental health and wellbeing, polypharmacy, (2) Socioeconomic barriers to self-management; financial, health literacy, compounding impact of multiple long-term conditions and socioeconomic deprivation, (3) Facilitators of self-management in people experiencing socioeconomic deprivation; maintaining independence, 'meaningful' activities, support networks. DISCUSSION Self-management of multiple long-term conditions is challenging for people experiencing socioeconomic deprivation due to barriers around financial constraints and health literacy, which can lead to poor mental health and wellbeing. To support targeted interventions, greater awareness is needed among health professionals of the barriers/challenges of self-management among these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abi Woodward
- Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Nathan Davies
- Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kate Walters
- Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Danielle Nimmons
- Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Stevenson
- Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne Protheroe
- School of Medicine, Keele University, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
| | | | - Megan Armstrong
- Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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22
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Bateson R. Perceptions of pandemic resume gaps: Survey experimental evidence from the United States. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281449. [PMID: 36928893 PMCID: PMC10019729 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, millions of people found themselves out of work in 2020 and 2021. Going forward, will their pandemic resume gaps be stigmatized or forgiven? In a recent survey experiment in the United States, I find that US adults have negative perceptions of individuals who were unemployed during the novel coronavirus pandemic. When asked to select among fictional applicants for a job opening in the hospitality industry, respondents prefer those who were employed continuously throughout the pandemic. Respondents are about 20% less likely to choose applicants with pandemic resume gaps, regardless of whether they were laid off, stopped working to supervise virtual school, or yo-yoed in and out of employment. Respondents also describe applicants with pandemic resume gaps in more negative terms, perceiving them as less hardworking, less dedicated, less professional, and less qualified than otherwise identical applicants who remained employed. Public opinion toward individuals with breaks in employment during the pandemic matters because it may affect public policy, and because stigma harms job seekers in multiple ways. Furthermore, the results of the experiment are consistent among survey respondents with hiring and managerial experience. While we should always be cautious about generalizing from survey experiments, these findings suggest that people who were out of work during the COVID-19 pandemic may face disadvantages when they return to the labor market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Bateson
- Graduate School of Public and International Affairs, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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23
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Okoroji C, Gleibs IH, Howard S. Inferring incompetence from employment status: An audit-like experiment. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280596. [PMID: 36893092 PMCID: PMC9997970 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Audit studies demonstrate that unemployed people are less likely to receive a callback when they apply for a job than employed candidates, the reason for this is unclear. Across two experiments (N = 461), we examine whether the perceived competence of unemployed candidates accounts for this disparity. In both studies, participants assessed one of two equivalent curriculum vitae's, differing only on the current employment status. We find that unemployed applicants are less likely to be offered an interview or hired. The relationship between the employment status of the applicant and these employment-related outcomes is mediated by the perceived competence of the applicant. We conducted a mini meta-analysis, finding that the effect size for the difference in employment outcomes was d = .274 and d = .307 respectively, while the estimated indirect effect was -.151[-.241, -.062]. These results offer a mechanism for the differential outcomes of job candidates by employment status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celestin Okoroji
- Department of Psychological and Behavioural Science, London School of Economics, London, United Kingdom
- BlackThrive Global, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ilka H. Gleibs
- Department of Psychological and Behavioural Science, London School of Economics, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Simon Howard
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, United States of America
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24
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Petty S, Tunstall L, Richardson H, Eccles N. Workplace Adjustments for Autistic Employees: What is 'Reasonable'? J Autism Dev Disord 2023; 53:236-244. [PMID: 35020116 PMCID: PMC8752384 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-05413-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Autistic adults are inadequately supported in the workplace. This study sought a definition of 'reasonable' and explored facilitators and barriers to employers making reasonable adjustments. 98 employers and employees across a UK city completed a survey; 15% identified as being autistic. Qualitative data were analysed using framework analysis. Reasonable adjustments were defined as having a positive impact on autistic employees' wellbeing and work outputs without being detrimental to non-autistic employees or the organisation; they were low cost and easily implemented. Recommendations were for autism awareness training, low-stimulus work spaces, clear instructions and flexible working hours. A definition of reasonable is added to the literature, with suggestions of where to invest support efforts. Recommendations mostly apply to the education sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Petty
- School of Education, Language and Psychology, York St John University, York, YO31 7EX UK
| | - Lydia Tunstall
- Department of Psychology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD UK
| | | | - Niamh Eccles
- Department of Psychology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD UK
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25
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Furlan AD, Harbin S, Vieira FF, Irvin E, Severin CN, Nowrouzi-Kia B, Tiong M, Adisesh A. Primary Care Physicians' Learning Needs in Returning Ill or Injured Workers to Work. A Scoping Review. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2022; 32:591-619. [PMID: 35511378 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-022-10043-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Primary care physicians are uniquely positioned to assist ill and injured workers to stay-at-work or to return-to-work. Purpose The purpose of this scoping review is to identify primary care physicians' learning needs in returning ill or injured workers to work and to identify gaps to guide future research. Methods We used established methodologies developed by Arksey and O'Malley, Cochrane and adapted by the Systematic Review Program at the Institute for Work & Health. We used Distiller SR©, an online systematic review software to screen for relevance and perform data extraction. We followed the PRISMA for Scoping Reviews checklist for reporting. Results We screened 2106 titles and abstracts, 375 full-text papers for relevance and included 44 studies for qualitative synthesis. The first learning need was related to administrative tasks. These included (1) appropriate record-keeping, (2) time management to review occupational information, (3) communication skills to provide clear, sufficient and relevant factual information, (4) coordination of services between different stakeholders, and (5) collaboration within teams and between different professions. The second learning need was related to attitudes and beliefs and included intrinsic biases, self-confidence, role clarity and culture of blaming the patient. The third learning need was related to specific knowledge and included work capacity assessments and needs for sick leave, environmental exposures, disclosure of information, prognosis of certain conditions and care to certain groups such as adolescents and pregnant workers. The fourth learning need was related to awareness of services and tools. Conclusions There are many opportunities to improve medical education for physicians in training or in continuing medical education to improve care for workers with an illness or injury that affect their work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea D Furlan
- Institute for Work & Health, 400 University Avenue, suite 1800, Toronto, ON, M5G 1S5, Canada.
- KITE, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Shireen Harbin
- Institute for Work & Health, 400 University Avenue, suite 1800, Toronto, ON, M5G 1S5, Canada
| | - Fabricio F Vieira
- Faculty of Medicine, State University of Maringa, Avenida Colombo, 5790, CEP 87020-900, Maringa, PR, Brazil
| | - Emma Irvin
- Institute for Work & Health, 400 University Avenue, suite 1800, Toronto, ON, M5G 1S5, Canada
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Colette N Severin
- Institute for Work & Health, 400 University Avenue, suite 1800, Toronto, ON, M5G 1S5, Canada
| | - Behdin Nowrouzi-Kia
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Margaret Tiong
- Institute for Work & Health, 400 University Avenue, suite 1800, Toronto, ON, M5G 1S5, Canada
| | - Anil Adisesh
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Occupational Medicine, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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26
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van Beukering IE, Bakker M, Corrigan PW, Gürbüz S, Bogaers RI, Janssens KME, Joosen MCW, Brouwers EPM. Expectations of Mental Illness Disclosure Outcomes in the Work Context: A Cross-Sectional Study Among Dutch Workers. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2022; 32:652-663. [PMID: 35137273 PMCID: PMC9668951 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-022-10026-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The decision whether to disclose mental illness at work can have important positive and negative consequences for sustainable employment and well-being. The aim of the study is (1) to examine workers' expectations of outcomes of mental illness disclosure in the workplace and to evaluate their expectations regarding which factors are of influence on these outcomes, (2) to identify distinct subgroups of workers, and (3) to characterize these subgroups in terms of personal, sociodemographic, and work-related characteristics. Methods In this cross-sectional survey study, a sample of 1224 Dutch workers was used. Latent Class Analysis (LCA) was used to identify classes of workers based on expected workplace mental illness outcomes. A three-step approach LCA was chosen to investigate whether the classes differed in characteristics. Results The majority of workers expected predominantly positive outcomes of workplace mental illness disclosure (e.g., being able to be one's authentic self; 82.4%), even though they simultaneously expected disclosure to lead to advancement-related discrimination (e.g., lower chances of contract renewal; or getting a promotion; 68.4% and 57%, respectively). Six distinct subgroups of workers were identified based on expected workplace mental illness disclosure outcomes: two positive classes (50.1%), two negative classes (33.3%), and two classes who indicated not to know what the outcomes would be (16.7%). Significant differences between the classes were found on personal experience, work-related association with mental illness, gender, educational level, and workplace atmosphere. Conclusion The disclosure process is complex, as most workers were optimistic (i.e., expected generally positive outcomes) whilst simultaneously expecting workplace discrimination. Subgroup differences in expectations regarding workplace mental illness disclosure outcomes were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- I E van Beukering
- Tranzo, Scientific Center for Care and Wellbeing, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, P.O. Box 90513, 5000 LE, Tilburg, The Netherlands.
- Netherlands Labour Authority, Den Haag, The Netherlands.
| | - M Bakker
- Department of Methodology and Statistics, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - P W Corrigan
- Department of Psychology, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3424 South State Street, Chicago, IL, 60616, USA
| | - S Gürbüz
- Tranzo, Scientific Center for Care and Wellbeing, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, P.O. Box 90513, 5000 LE, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - R I Bogaers
- Tranzo, Scientific Center for Care and Wellbeing, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, P.O. Box 90513, 5000 LE, Tilburg, The Netherlands
- Brain Research and Innovation Centre, Ministry of Defense, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - K M E Janssens
- Tranzo, Scientific Center for Care and Wellbeing, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, P.O. Box 90513, 5000 LE, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - M C W Joosen
- Tranzo, Scientific Center for Care and Wellbeing, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, P.O. Box 90513, 5000 LE, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - E P M Brouwers
- Tranzo, Scientific Center for Care and Wellbeing, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, P.O. Box 90513, 5000 LE, Tilburg, The Netherlands
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Haverland M, van der Veer R, Onderco M. Is this crisis different? Attitudes towards EU fiscal transfers in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. EUROPEAN UNION POLITICS 2022; 23:680-699. [PMID: 38603186 PMCID: PMC9277315 DOI: 10.1177/14651165221112988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
To mitigate the enormous and asymmetric economic implications of the COVID-19 pandemic, the EU has adopted an unprecedented €750 billion fiscal transfer programme, financed by joint member state liabilities. The highly contested decision pitted 'frugal' northern member states against 'profligate' southern member states. However, do citizens from northern countries view EU transfers as unfavourably as their governmental positions suggest? This article focuses on the crucial case of the Netherlands, whose government has become the assertive leader of the 'frugal' coalition. We test COVID-19 specific explanations based on a large-scale survey conducted at the height of the pandemic. Our analysis suggests that citizens who experience the non-material health and social effects of the pandemic more directly are more supportive of fiscal transfers than those to whom the pandemic is more abstract, whereas those who experience negative financial effects and those who believe that COVID-19 is a conspiracy are less supportive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Haverland
- Department of Public Administration and
Sociology, Erasmus University
Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Reinout van der Veer
- Department of Political Science, Radboud University
Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Michal Onderco
- Department of Public Administration and
Sociology, Erasmus University
Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Peace Research Center
Prague, Charles University, Czech Republic
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28
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Autin KL, Allan BA, Blustein DL, Kozan S, Sharone O, Stevenson BJ, Cinamon RG, Ferreira J, Thompson MN. The Work Interevention Network (WIN): Foundations of a Holistic Vocational Intervention. JOURNAL OF CAREER ASSESSMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/10690727221138619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to examine whether the key constructs targeted in the Work Intervention Network (WIN) intervention uniquely predicted well-being outcomes and mediated relations between un/underemployment and these outcomes. Using data from a sample of 462 adults in the U.S., we positioned employment status as a predictor of life satisfaction, well-being, and psychological distress. We also tested four mediators of these relations that operationalized targets in the WIN intervention – career engagement, social support, self-care, and self-blame. Employment status indirectly predicted life satisfaction, life meaning, and psychological distress via self-care and self-blame. Career engagement mediated the relation between employment status and psychological distress but in an unexpected direction. Social support was not directly predicted by employment status but predicted life satisfaction and life meaning. Results provided initial support for the WIN intervention and corroborate the contention that employment status is an important predictor of well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey L. Autin
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Blake A. Allan
- Department of Psychological, Health, and Learning Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David L. Blustein
- Counseling, Developmental & Educational Psychology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - Saliha Kozan
- Department of Mental Health & Wellness, Fawzia Sultan Healthcare Network, Salmiya, Kuwait
| | - Ofer Sharone
- College of Social & Behavioral Sciences, University of Massachusetts- Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Joaquim Ferreira
- Department of Psychology, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugals
| | - Mindi N. Thompson
- Department of Counseling Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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29
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Ananat EO, Daniels B, Fitz-Henley Ii J, Gassman-Pines A. Racial And Ethnic Disparities In Pandemic-Era Unemployment Insurance Access: Implications For Health And Well-Being. Health Aff (Millwood) 2022; 41:1598-1606. [PMID: 36343319 PMCID: PMC10353345 DOI: 10.1377/hlthaff.2022.00741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Research demonstrates that receiving unemployment insurance decreases mental health problems. But researchers have also found racial and ethnic disparities in unemployment insurance receipt resulting from differences in work history and location. We examined a population disproportionately affected by job loss and unemployment insurance exclusions, using a survey of service workers from a single city who were parents of young children and who overwhelmingly had eligible work histories. During the COVID-19 pandemic, workers not identifying as White non-Hispanic in our sample were more likely to get laid off than White workers. Among those who were laid off, these workers and White workers experienced similar increases in material and mental health difficulties and similar gains when they received unemployment insurance. However, these workers were less likely than White workers to receive unemployment insurance at all. These results indicate that unemployment insurance has unrealized potential to reduce material and health disparities. Policies should be implemented to make this coverage more effective and equitable through increased access.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Becca Daniels
- Becca Daniels, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
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30
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Negri L, Spoladore D, Fossati M, Arlati S, Cocchi MG, Corbetta C, Davalli A, Sacco M. Proposal for an ICF-based methodology to foster the return to work of persons with disability. Work 2022; 74:649-662. [PMID: 36278385 DOI: 10.3233/wor-211226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Employment is an essential component of life as it provides income, sense of engagement and opportunities for personal development. Unemployment due to disability following an accident may have dramatic social and psychological consequences on individuals; it is thus fundamental to foster return to work of these persons. OBJECTIVE The present work was aimed to develop a methodology determining suitable jobs for people living with disability after a job-related accident. METHODS The Occupational Information Network (O*NET) taxonomy was combined with the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) to match individual resources with specific job requirements. ICF Linking Rules were employed by two independent groups of researchers to associate ICF codes to O*NET skill and ability descriptors. RESULTS O*NET descriptors were linked to 92 unique ICF codes. A "Criticality score" combining ICF and O*NET features to assess suitability of selected jobs for persons with disabilities was also proposed. CONCLUSIONS The proposed methodology represents a novel instrument to support return to work; the capability to assess specific work-related facets through the lens of both the ICF model and O*NET taxonomy would conceivably provide vocational rehabilitation specialists and occupational therapists with a useful tool fostering job placement of workers with disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Negri
- Scientific Institute, I.R.C.C.S "E. Medea", Lecco, Italy.,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Spoladore
- Institute of Intelligent Industrial Technologies and Systems for Advanced Manufacturing, National Research Council, Lecco, Italy.,Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, Insubria University, Varese, Italy
| | | | - Sara Arlati
- Institute of Intelligent Industrial Technologies and Systems for Advanced Manufacturing, National Research Council, Lecco, Italy.,Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Angelo Davalli
- National Institute for Insurance Against Accidents at Work, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Sacco
- Institute of Intelligent Industrial Technologies and Systems for Advanced Manufacturing, National Research Council, Lecco, Italy
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Thomassen K, Sundstrup E, Vinstrup J, Seeberg KGV, Andersen LL. Barriers and Facilitators of Re-Employment among Senior Workers: Prospective Cohort Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11536. [PMID: 36141808 PMCID: PMC9517302 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Re-entering the labour market after a period of unemployment can be challenging for seniors. This study investigates personal as well as circumstantial barriers and facilitators of re-employment. Unemployed seniors in Denmark (≥50 years, n = 1636) from the first wave (mid-2018) of the SeniorWorkingLife study were prospectively followed until March 2020 in national registers on labour market participation. Using weighted logistic-regression-modelled odds ratios (ORs), we estimated the association between personal and circumstantial factors at baseline and re-employment during follow-up. During follow-up, 28% re-entered paid employment. The desire to have a job (reference: not having the desire to have a job) increased the likelihood of re-employment (OR 2.35, 95% CI 1.14-4.85). Contrastingly, a higher age (60-63 vs. 50-54 years; OR 0.36, 95% CI 0.16-0.79) and poor health (OR 0.32, 95% CI 0.16-0.61) decreased the likelihood of re-employment. Sex, education and belief that age constitutes a barrier to re-employment were not associated with the likelihood of re-employment. Unemployed seniors desiring to have a job are more likely to get a job. However, a higher age and poor health are important barriers that should be taken into account, e.g., by ensuring employment opportunities for these groups in society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Thomassen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Emil Sundstrup
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas Vinstrup
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Lars Louis Andersen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
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32
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Karkala A, Moschonas S, Sykas G, Karagianni M, Gilou S, Papaefthymiou O, Kourtidou-Papadeli C. Sleep Quality and Mental Health Consequences of COVID-19 Pandemic in the Aviation Community in Greece. J Occup Environ Med 2022; 64:e567-e574. [PMID: 35902374 PMCID: PMC9426318 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the mental health and sleep quality of aviation workers in Greece during the pandemic. METHODS A cross-sectional study of aviation workers in Greece was conducted. RESULTS Sleep disturbances were observed in 25.4% of our 548 participants, whereas 8.2% and 5.8% reported at least mild depressive and anxiety symptoms, respectively. The impact of the pandemic on their mental health was their primary concern, which increased for many active pilots according to their workload. Those infected mainly faced daily tiredness and fatigue. Smoking habits and high body mass index were a predisposition for more physical symptoms. Cabin crew and women generally yielded worse scores than the other groups. CONCLUSION Fear of infection could explain mental health issues, whereas physical symptoms of those infected could be attributed to long-COVID (coronavirus disease) syndrome. Flight attendants' lower ratings may be due to more occupational exposure.
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33
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van Beukering IE, Smits SJC, Janssens KME, Bogaers RI, Joosen MCW, Bakker M, van Weeghel J, Brouwers EPM. In What Ways Does Health Related Stigma Affect Sustainable Employment and Well-Being at Work? A Systematic Review. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2022; 32:365-379. [PMID: 34487290 PMCID: PMC9576674 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-021-09998-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Studies are increasingly showing that health related stigma is a barrier to employment, but it is not known how. The aim of this systematic review is to identify, appraise and analyse studies that have directly or indirectly addressed ways in which stigma affects sustainable employment and well-being at work of people with disabilities. METHODS Using a multiphase screening process, this review is based on a comprehensive literature search (2000-2019) carried out in six electronic databases: Embase, Web of Science, Medline Ovid, Cochrane CENTRAL, PsycINFO and Google Scholar. RESULTS 7.263 publications were identified; 96 studies were found eligible to be included in the review. 72% of the studies were conducted in North America or Europe. Few studies directly assessed how stigma affects the employment of people with disabilities. Most studies highlighted that attitudes and behaviour of employers formed a barrier to employment, as well as anticipated stigma and self-stigma in people with health problems. However, the findings also showed that the attitudes and behaviour of co-workers, health care professionals, reintegration professionals, customers, and family and friends could act as a barrier to employment although these influences are under-researched. Although many similarities were seen in the relevant findings of studies about both physical and mental disabilities, several nuances were found. CONCLUSION Stigma hampers sustainable employment and well-being in multiple ways. Whereas the number of publications on this topic is rapidly increasing, the roles of health care professionals, reintegration professionals, co-workers, customers, and family and friends particularly warrant more attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- I E van Beukering
- Tranzo, Scientific Center for Care and Wellbeing, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands.
- Inspectorate SZW, Den Haag, The Netherlands.
- , P.O. Box 90513, 5000 LE, Tilburg, The Netherlands.
| | - S J C Smits
- Tranzo, Scientific Center for Care and Wellbeing, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
- Summa College, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - K M E Janssens
- Tranzo, Scientific Center for Care and Wellbeing, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - R I Bogaers
- Tranzo, Scientific Center for Care and Wellbeing, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
- Brain Research and Innovation Centre, Ministry of Defense, Den Haag, The Netherlands
| | - M C W Joosen
- Tranzo, Scientific Center for Care and Wellbeing, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - M Bakker
- Department of Methodology and Statistics, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - J van Weeghel
- Tranzo, Scientific Center for Care and Wellbeing, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
- Phrenos Center of Expertise, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - E P M Brouwers
- Tranzo, Scientific Center for Care and Wellbeing, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
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Rinaldo N, Gualdi‐Russo E, Khyatti M, Lakhoua C, Toselli S. Psychosocial health and quality of life among North African women. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2022; 30:1827-1837. [PMID: 34519114 PMCID: PMC9544681 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.13562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Studies on relationships between psychosocial factors and health among North African (NA) women are scarce. This research investigated the self-perceived psychosocial well-being of NA women by a structured questionnaire and anthropometric survey examining the possible explanatory variables of their mental health in comparison to a sample of NA migrants. The association of endogenous stress, psychological well-being, discomfort, and quality of life with migrant/non-migrant status, demographic characteristics, and adiposity indices was examined. Moreover, the internal consistency of the questionnaire was tested using Cronbach's alpha. A sample of 228 women living in Tunis and Casablanca participated in a survey in Tunisia and Morocco. According to multiple regression models, migrant/non-migrant status was the best explanatory variable of well-being and quality of life, marital status, educational level and the number of children were explanatory variables of discomfort and endogenous stress. Among anthropometric variables, central adiposity was a significant explanatory variable of well-being. The comparison with women who migrated mainly from Morocco and Tunisia to Italy (NA migrants) exhibited higher weight status and central adiposity in NA migrants. The perceived stress and discomfort were the same in the two groups; the migrants, despite reporting lower psychological well-being, presented a higher quality of life than residents. Our findings emphasise the potential to promote monitoring of the psychosocial health of NA women, planning effective interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natascia Rinaldo
- Department of Neuroscience and RehabilitationUniversity of FerraraFerraraItaly
| | | | | | | | - Stefania Toselli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor SciencesUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
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Hulsegge G, Otten W, van de Ven H, Hazelzet A, Blonk R. Employers’ attitude, intention, skills and barriers in relation to employment of vulnerable workers. Work 2022; 72:1215-1226. [PMID: 35723149 PMCID: PMC9484112 DOI: 10.3233/wor-210898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Little is known why some organizations employ vulnerable workers and others do not. OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationships between the attitude, intention, skills and barriers of employers and employment of vulnerable workers. METHODS: We included 5,601 inclusive organizations (≥1% of employees had a disability, was long-term unemployed or a school dropout) and 6,236 non-inclusive organizations of the Netherlands Employers Work Survey 2014–2019. We operationalized employer factors based on the Integrative Model of Behavioral Prediction as attitude (negative impact), intention (mission statement regarding social inclusion), skills (human resources policies and practices), and barriers (economic conditions and type of work). We used multivariate-adjusted logistic regression models. RESULTS: Compared to non-inclusive organizations, inclusive organizations had a more negative attitude (OR:0.81) and a stronger intention to employ vulnerable workers (OR:6.09). Regarding skills, inclusive organizations had more inclusive human resources practices (OR:4.83) and initiated more supporting human resources actions (OR:4.45). Also, they adapted more work conditions towards the needs of employees (OR:1.52), negotiated about work times and absenteeism (OR:1.49), and had general human resources practices on, for example, employability (OR:1.78). Inclusive organizations had less barriers reflected by better financial results (OR:1.32), more employment opportunities (OR:1.33) and more appropriate work tasks (OR:1.40). CONCLUSIONS: Overall, inclusive organizations reported more positive results on the employer factors of the Integrative Model of Behavioral Prediction, except for a more negative attitude. The more negative attitude might reflect a more realistic view on the efforts to employ vulnerable groups, and suggests that other unmeasured emotions and beliefs are more positive.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Hulsegge
- Sustainable Productivity and Employability, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - W. Otten
- Sustainable Productivity and Employability, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - H.A. van de Ven
- Sustainable Productivity and Employability, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - A.M. Hazelzet
- Sustainable Productivity and Employability, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - R.W.B. Blonk
- Sustainable Productivity and Employability, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
- Optentia, North West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
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Van Eersel JHW, Taris TW, Boelen PA. Job loss-related complicated grief symptoms: A cognitive-behavioral framework. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:933995. [PMID: 35935428 PMCID: PMC9354410 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.933995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In a significant minority of people, involuntarily job loss can result in symptoms of job loss-related complicated grief (JLCG). The present cognitive-behavioral framework is introduced to explain the underlying processes that may lead to the development and maintenance of JLCG symptoms. Three core processes play a central role, namely (1) negative cognitions related to the job loss and misinterpretation of one's grief reactions; (2) anxious and depressive avoidance strategies to cope with the job loss and its consequences; and (3) insufficient integration of the job loss into the autobiographical memory. These core processes are assumed to interact and reinforce each other, leading to JLCG symptoms. The three core processes can be influenced by certain risk factors, including circumstances surrounding the loss, personality traits, and characteristics of the social environment. JLCG symptoms can lead to additional psychological and practical problems, such as anxiety and depressive symptoms, lower employability, and reduced likelihood of re-employment. This paper explains and illustrates the three core processes with vignettes. Implications of the model for preventive measures and psychological interventions are introduced. It concludes with suggestions for future research on JLCG symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Toon W. Taris
- Department of Social, Health and Organizational Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Paul A. Boelen
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- ARQ National Psychotrauma Centre, Diemen, Netherlands
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Employment Status and Alcohol-Attributable Mortality Risk-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19127354. [PMID: 35742600 PMCID: PMC9224380 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Being unemployed has been linked to various health burdens. In particular, there appears to be an association between unemployment and alcohol-attributable deaths. However, risk estimates presented in a previous review were based on only two studies. Thus, we estimated updated sex-stratified alcohol-attributable mortality risks for unemployed compared with employed individuals. A systematic literature search was conducted in August 2020 using the following databases: Embase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Web of Science. The relative risk (RR) of dying from an alcohol-attributable cause of death for unemployed compared with employed individuals was summarized using sex-stratified random-effects DerSimonian-Laird meta-analyses. A total of 10 studies were identified, comprising about 14.4 million women and 19.0 million men, among whom there were about 3147 and 17,815 alcohol-attributable deaths, respectively. The pooled RRs were 3.64 (95% confidence interval (CI): 2.04–6.66) and 4.93 (95% CI 3.45–7.05) for women and men, respectively. The findings of our quantitative synthesis provide evidence that being unemployed is associated with an over three-fold higher risk of alcohol-attributable mortality compared with being employed. Consequently, a global public health strategy connecting brief interventions and specialized care with social services assisting those currently unemployed is needed.
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Krug G, Prechsl S. Do changes in network structure explain why unemployment damages health? Evidence from German panel data. Soc Sci Med 2022; 307:115161. [DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Stevenor BA, Zickar MJ. The development and validation of an updated job search behavior scale. JOURNAL OF VOCATIONAL BEHAVIOR 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvb.2022.103722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Shin J, You M. Embitterment among the unemployed: A multiple mediation model of belief in a just world. Work 2022; 72:211-220. [DOI: 10.3233/wor-205228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The negative consequences of job loss on financial and psychological quality of life have been well documented. OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the level of unemployed individuals’ embitterment and the mechanism by which negative life experiences increase embitterment by lowering the belief in a just world (BJW). METHODS: A survey was administered to 1,074 unemployed Korean adults who visited a regional Center for Employment and Welfare. Question items included the Korean version of posttraumatic embitterment disorder (PTED) self-rating scale, the BJW (personal and general) scale, negative life events, and sociodemographic characteristics. RESULTS: Only 45.9% of the participants were categorized as being in a ‘normal state,’ indicating that many of the unemployed were emotionally embittered. There was a positive direct effect of an increase in negative life events on embitterment. Negative life events also significantly and indirectly affected embitterment through personal BJW. CONCLUSIONS: Embitterment was prevalent among the unemployed participants and embitterment was a reactive emotion following personal downgrading, not so much related to conditions in the world at large. Thus, we recommend developing a screening program to detect extreme embitterment and an interventional program to help people better cope with emotional stress due to job loss. Efforts should be made to restore their violated expectation and trust that they would be treated in a just and fair way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeonghoon Shin
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoungsoon You
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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van der Vaart L, Van den Broeck A, Rothmann S, De Witte H. Motivational Profiles in Unemployment: A Self-Determination Perspective. Front Public Health 2022; 10:870073. [PMID: 35570905 PMCID: PMC9099225 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.870073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In general, being unemployed has negative implications for the individual and the mental health of the public as a collective. One way to escape this situation is to search for a job. However, following self-determination theory (SDT), unemployed people's different reasons (i.e., their motivation) for engaging in a job search influence their well-being, attitudes, and behaviors for better or worse. Some research has already supported the associations between different types of motivation and these outcomes, but less is known about how these types of motivation simultaneously associate with these outcomes. The current study addressed this issue by studying how different motivational profiles had different implications for the affective experiences, commitment to employment, and job search behavior of the unemployed. Latent profile analysis, among 865 unemployed individuals from previously disadvantaged communities in South Africa, highlighted four distinct motivational profiles: motivated, ambivalent, amotivated, and unmotivated. The motivated reported some good well-being (i.e., positive experiences) and economic outcomes (i.e., employment commitment and job search), but these came at a cost (i.e., more negative experiences). The same went for the ambivalent, but to a lesser extent. Being unmotivated seemed to have the opposite effect in that it came with psychological benefits, but with economic costs, as these individuals might withdraw from the labor market. This also applied to the amotivated, although they experienced less psychological benefit than their unmotivated counterparts. The findings made several contributions to SDT and unemployment research and could help tailor interventions and policies for particular types of unemployed people.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anja Van den Broeck
- Optentia Research Unit, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa.,Department of Work and Organization Studies, Faculty of Economics and Business, KU Leuven, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Hans De Witte
- Optentia Research Unit, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa.,Work, Organizational and Personnel Psychology, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Professional Learning, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Kweitsu G, Junwu C, Egala SB. Correlates of job search behaviour among unemployed job seekers in Ghana: A mediation model. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY IN AFRICA 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/14330237.2022.2028076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Godson Kweitsu
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, School of Management and Economics, Centre for West African Studies (CWAS) Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chai Junwu
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, School of Management and Economics, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Sulemana Bankuoru Egala
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, School of Management and Economics, Centre for West African Studies (CWAS) Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Morrish N, Mujica-Mota R, Medina-Lara A. Understanding the effect of loneliness on unemployment: propensity score matching. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:740. [PMID: 35477427 PMCID: PMC9045886 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13107-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loneliness and unemployment are each detrimental to health and well-being. Recent evidence suggests a potential bidirectional relationship between loneliness and unemployment in working age individuals. As most existing research focuses on the outcomes of unemployment, this paper seeks to understand the impact of loneliness on unemployment, potential interaction with physical health, and assess bidirectionality in the working age population. METHODS This study utilised data from waves 9 (2017-19) and 10 (2018-2020) of the Understanding Society UK Household Longitudinal Study. Nearest-neighbour probit propensity score matching with at least one match was used to infer causality by mimicking randomisation. Analysis was conducted in three steps: propensity score estimation; matching; and stratification. Propensity scores were estimated controlling for age, gender, ethnicity, education, marital status, household composition, number of own children in household and region. Findings were confirmed in panel data random effect models, and heterogeneous treatment effects assessed by the matching-smoothing method. RESULTS Experience of loneliness in at least one wave increased the probability of being unemployed in wave 10 by 17.5 [95%CI: 14.8, 20.2] percentage points. Subgroup analysis revealed a greater effect from sustained than transitory loneliness. Further exploratory analysis identified a positive average treatment effect, of smaller magnitude, for unemployment on loneliness suggesting bidirectionality in the relationship. The impact of loneliness on unemployment was further exacerbated by interaction with physical health. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to directly consider the potentially bidirectional relationship between loneliness and unemployment through analysis of longitudinal data from a representative sample of the working age population. Findings reinforce the need for greater recognition of wider societal impacts of loneliness. Given the persisting and potentially scarring effects of both loneliness and unemployment on health and the economy, prevention of both experiences is key. Decreased loneliness could mitigate unemployment, and employment abate loneliness, which may in turn relate positively to other factors including health and quality of life. Thus, particular attention should be paid to loneliness with additional support from employers and government to improve health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Morrish
- Health Economics Group, Institute of Health Research, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
| | - R Mujica-Mota
- Academic Unit of Health Economics, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - A Medina-Lara
- Health Economics Group, Institute of Health Research, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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Hua Z, Ma D. Depression and Perceived Social Support among Unemployed Youths in China: Investigating the Roles of Emotion-Regulation Difficulties and Self-Efficacy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:4676. [PMID: 35457545 PMCID: PMC9029286 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the issue of youth unemployment has begun to emerge in China. Unemployed young people are at high risk of depression and other mental health problems. The present study investigates influential factors related to depression and examines the possible mediating effects of difficulties in emotion regulation and self-efficacy between perceived social support and depressive symptoms among unemployed youths in China. Through community recruitment, 511 unemployed young people from Shanghai participated in this cross-sectional survey. The results demonstrate that the prevalence of probable depression in the sample was 49.3% (95% CI: 45.0-53.7%). Moreover, we found that both the perceived social support and self-efficacy were significant negative predictors of depression, whereas difficulties in emotion regulation were positive predictors of depression. In addition, the analysis results indicate that difficulties in emotion regulation and self-efficacy partially mediate the relationship between perceived social support and depression. Overall, this cross-sectional study reveals that depression and mental health problems among China's unemployed youths are concerning while identifying emotion-regulation difficulties as a risk factor for these and social support and self-efficacy as protective factors, all of which warrant our attention in preventing and intervening with cases of youth depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiya Hua
- School of Government, Shanghai University of Political Science and Law, Shanghai 201701, China
| | - Dandan Ma
- School of Sociology and Political Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China;
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Kalousová L, Burgard S. Employment Pathways during Economic Recession and Recovery and Adult Health. JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR 2022; 63:105-124. [PMID: 35180371 PMCID: PMC8894624 DOI: 10.1177/00221465211054045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Our study bridges literatures on the health effects of job loss and life course employment trajectories to evaluate the selection into employment pathways and their associations with health in the short and medium terms. We apply sequence analysis to monthly employment calendars from a population-based sample of working-age women and men observed from 2009 to 2013 (N = 737). We identify six distinct employment status clusters: stable full-time employment, stable part-time employment, stably being out of the labor force, long-term unemployment, transition out of the labor force, and unstable full-time employment. After adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics and health at baseline, those who transitioned out of the labor force showed significantly poorer self-rated health at follow-up, whereas steadily part-time employed respondents still showed a greater risk of meeting criteria for major or minor depression. The findings have important implications for how social scientists conceptualize and model the relationship between employment status and health.
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Curry M, Mooi-Reci I, Wooden M. Intergenerationally penalized? The long-term wage consequences of parental joblessness. SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 2022; 103:102650. [PMID: 35183306 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2021.102650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Studies of intergenerational stratification and mobility have long called for investigation of the joint role of mothers and fathers in affecting labor market outcomes of children. However, long-term effects of parental joblessness-where no co-residing parent is employed at a given time-are not well understood. Using longitudinal data (covering 9942 person-year observations from 2281 children) from the Household, Income, and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) Survey, this study investigates the long-term association between parental joblessness and children's wages during early adulthood. It examines whether these associations are mediated by family income during childhood and adolescence, educational attainment, and subsequent employment inactivity of the child, and whether exposure at earlier ages is associated with more detrimental effects. Multilevel mixed-effects models regressing hourly wages in early adulthood (observed over 2008-2018) on the proportion of time spent living in a household where no parent is employed (observed over 2001-2007) reveal two major findings. First, exposure to parental joblessness during childhood and adolescence is correlated with adverse wage outcomes during early adulthood in addition to previously documented employment penalties, with similar estimates across age groups. Second, mediation analyses indicate that household income, children's educational attainment, and children's own inactivity reduce the magnitude of this wage penalty, but do not completely offset it.
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Chen S, Malete L, Ling J. An examination of physical activity guidelines and health-related quality of life among U.S. older adults. Prev Med 2022; 156:106986. [PMID: 35150753 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.106986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Physical activity can help improve the poor health-related quality of life in older adult population. Although the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans recommend both aerobic and muscle strengthening activities for adults, previous studies predominantly focused on aerobic activity with limited research on muscle strengthening activities. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine the relationships between meeting physical activity guidelines (i.e., aerobic activity, muscle strengthening activity) and health-related quality of life in the older adult population. Data of 87,495 older adults aged ≥65 years from the U.S. 2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System were analyzed. Phone interviews and validated questionnaires were used to assess aerobic activity, muscle strengthening activity, and health-related quality of life. Binomial logistic regression was used to examine the relationships between meeting physical activity guidelines and health-related quality of life while adjusting for key covariates (i.e., age, sex, race, education, marital status, employment status, income, body mass index, smoking, drinking, and comorbidities). Participants meeting both or aerobic activity guideline only had significantly lower odds of reporting all components of health-related quality of life (i.e., general health, mental health, physical health, activity limitation) than those who met neither guideline (OR = 0.37-0.58) and those who met muscle strengthening activity guideline only (OR = 0.34 - 0.74). Given the stronger positive association between aerobic activity and health-related quality of life than that between muscle strengthening activity and health-related quality of life, future research should focus on promoting aerobic activity to increase health-related quality of life among older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Chen
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | | | - Jiying Ling
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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Filia K, Menssink J, Gao CX, Rickwood D, Hamilton M, Hetrick SE, Parker AG, Herrman H, Hickie I, Sharmin S, McGorry PD, Cotton SM. Social inclusion, intersectionality, and profiles of vulnerable groups of young people seeking mental health support. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2022; 57:245-254. [PMID: 34091699 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-021-02123-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND headspace centres provide enhanced primary mental healthcare for young people. A priority is to provide services for all young people irrespective of a range of social disadvantages or social exclusion. The aims of this study were to: (i) delineate extent of social inclusion across domains of housing, studying/employment, functioning, alcohol, and other drug use; and (ii) map profiles of young people deemed vulnerable to experiencing additional barriers to accessing services based on their social inclusion domains (e.g., those living in unstable housing, not in employment/education, and/or experiencing intersecting or multiple forms of disadvantage or difficulties), including detailing their clinical characteristics. METHODS Young people were recruited from five headspace centres. Data relevant to social inclusion were examined. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to determine overlap between vulnerable groups, functional, social, clinical, and behavioural factors. RESULTS 1107 young people participated, aged 12-25 years (M = 18.1 years, SD = 3.3), most living in stable housing (96.5%) and engaged in studying/employment (84.8%). Specific vulnerabilities were evident in young people with NEET status (15.2%); in unstable accommodation (3.5%); of culturally diverse backgrounds (CALD) (12.2%); living in regional areas (36.1%); and identifying as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex, queer/questioning, and asexual plus (LGBTIQA+; 28.2%). Higher levels of distress, substance use, functional impairment, and lower social support were reported by those who were NEET and/or in unstable housing. LGBTIQA+ status was associated with high distress, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation. CONCLUSIONS Most participants reported good social support, stable housing, and engagement in work or education. Those deemed vulnerable were likely to experience social exclusion across multiple domains and reported more mental health problems. The co-occurrence of mental ill-health and social exclusion highlights the importance of integrated mental healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Filia
- Orygen, Locked Bag 10, 35 Poplar Road, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| | - J Menssink
- Orygen, Locked Bag 10, 35 Poplar Road, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - C X Gao
- Orygen, Locked Bag 10, 35 Poplar Road, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventative Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - D Rickwood
- headspace National Youth Mental Health Foundation, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - M Hamilton
- Orygen, Locked Bag 10, 35 Poplar Road, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - S E Hetrick
- Orygen, Locked Bag 10, 35 Poplar Road, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Psychological Medicine, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - A G Parker
- Orygen, Locked Bag 10, 35 Poplar Road, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - H Herrman
- Orygen, Locked Bag 10, 35 Poplar Road, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - I Hickie
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - S Sharmin
- Orygen, Locked Bag 10, 35 Poplar Road, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - P D McGorry
- Orygen, Locked Bag 10, 35 Poplar Road, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - S M Cotton
- Orygen, Locked Bag 10, 35 Poplar Road, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Panari C, Tonelli M. Future Directions in the Research on Unemployment: Protean Career Orientation and Perceived Employability Against Social Disadvantage. Front Psychol 2022; 12:701861. [PMID: 35140644 PMCID: PMC8819095 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.701861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Panari
- Department of Economics and Management, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- *Correspondence: Chiara Panari
| | - Michela Tonelli
- Department of Humanities, Social Sciences and Cultural Industries, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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Duisekova S, Kerimbayeva Z, Mustafin A, Mussakhanova A, Turgambayeva A, Stukas R. Unemployment as a Medical and Social Problem and Incidence among Unemployed Young People. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.8236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The problem of unemployment among young people worries the world for many generations, since young people are the stratum of the population on which the future in each country depends (Brydsten et al. 2016). The socioeconomic situation of young people, especially the unemployed, is alarming, which is not always emphasized in the priorities of social policy. The study of incidence among unemployed youth is carried out in many countries, where it is noted that the unemployed people have worse mental and physical health compared to employed one (Grzegorczyk and Wolff, 2020).
AIM: Our study aims to assess the difference between the incidence of working and unemployed youth.
METHODS: The study involved 536 people, from 18 to 29-years-old, among whom women - 69.2%, men - 30.8%, from all regions of Kazakhstan.
RESULTS: The results of the work showed that the level of youth unemployment increased during the pandemic by an average of 1% in the world and in Kazakhstan, young people had limitations in receiving medical and social assistance due to financial constraints, deficiency of health insurance and personal reluctance. It was also found that social status is a significant predictor of vaccination (beta = −0.225, R2 = 0.0507, p < 0.001) and a predictor of alcohol consumption (beta = −0.0908, R2 = 0.00824, p = 0.037). More often unemployed youth noted health problems over the past year (42.3%) than in other social groups (35.6–37.8%), a similar situation was observed when assessing the frequency of chronic diseases (p = 0.365).
CONCLUSION: In our study, we show that the decline in health by virtue of unemployment is likely to be significant, since our estimated effect implies that the health of young people is almost 10% worse (in absolute terms) due to unemployment compared to the employed population. This further underscores that unemployment is a public health problem that needs more attention. Furthermore, the results obtained show that unemployment has the most negative consequences for vulnerable people, including young people.
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