1
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Ubogu EE. Animal models of immune-mediated demyelinating polyneuropathies. Autoimmunity 2024; 57:2361745. [PMID: 38850571 PMCID: PMC11215812 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2024.2361745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Immune-mediated demyelinating polyneuropathies (IMDPs) are rare disorders in which dysregulated adaptive immune responses cause peripheral nerve demyelinating inflammation and axonal injury in susceptible individuals. Despite significant advances in understanding IMDP pathogenesis guided by patient data and representative mammalian models, specific therapies are lacking. Significant knowledge gaps in IMDP pathogenesis still exist, e.g. precise antigen(s) and mechanisms that initially trigger immune system activation and identification of large population disease susceptibility factors. The initial directional cues for antigen-specific effector or autoreactive leukocyte trafficking into peripheral nerves are also unknown. An overview of current animal models, with emphasis on the experimental autoimmune neuritis and spontaneous autoimmune peripheral polyneuropathy models, is provided. Insights on the initial directional cues for peripheral nerve tissue specific autoimmunity using a novel Major Histocompatibility Complex class II conditional knockout mouse strain are also discussed, suggesting an essential research tool to study cell- and time-dependent adaptive immunity in autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eroboghene E Ubogu
- Neuromuscular Immunopathology Research Laboratory, Division of Neuromuscular Disease, Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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2
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Fuhri Snethlage CM, de Wit D, Wortelboer K, Rampanelli E, Hanssen NMJ, Nieuwdorp M. Can fecal microbiota transplantations modulate autoimmune responses in type 1 diabetes? Immunol Rev 2024; 325:46-63. [PMID: 38752578 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease targeting insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells. T1D is a multifactorial disease incorporating genetic and environmental factors. In recent years, the advances in high-throughput sequencing have allowed researchers to elucidate the changes in the gut microbiota taxonomy and functional capacity that accompany T1D development. An increasing number of studies have shown a role of the gut microbiota in mediating immune responses in health and disease, including autoimmunity. Fecal microbiota transplantations (FMT) have been largely used in murine models to prove a causal role of the gut microbiome in disease progression and have been shown to be a safe and effective treatment in inflammatory human diseases. In this review, we summarize and discuss recent research regarding the gut microbiota-host interactions in T1D, the current advancement in therapies for T1D, and the usefulness of FMT studies to explore microbiota-host immunity encounters in murine models and to shape the course of human type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coco M Fuhri Snethlage
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Douwe de Wit
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Koen Wortelboer
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elena Rampanelli
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity (AII), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nordin M J Hanssen
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Diabeter Center, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Diabeter Center, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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3
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Robertson CC, Elgamal RM, Henry-Kanarek BA, Arvan P, Chen S, Dhawan S, Eizirik DL, Kaddis JS, Vahedi G, Parker SCJ, Gaulton KJ, Soleimanpour SA. Untangling the genetics of beta cell dysfunction and death in type 1 diabetes. Mol Metab 2024; 86:101973. [PMID: 38914291 PMCID: PMC11283044 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a complex multi-system disease which arises from both environmental and genetic factors, resulting in the destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells. Over the past two decades, human genetic studies have provided new insight into the etiology of T1D, including an appreciation for the role of beta cells in their own demise. SCOPE OF REVIEW Here, we outline models supported by human genetic data for the role of beta cell dysfunction and death in T1D. We highlight the importance of strong evidence linking T1D genetic associations to bona fide candidate genes for mechanistic and therapeutic consideration. To guide rigorous interpretation of genetic associations, we describe molecular profiling approaches, genomic resources, and disease models that may be used to construct variant-to-gene links and to investigate candidate genes and their role in T1D. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS We profile advances in understanding the genetic causes of beta cell dysfunction and death at individual T1D risk loci. We discuss how genetic risk prediction models can be used to address disease heterogeneity. Further, we present areas where investment will be critical for the future use of genetics to address open questions in the development of new treatment and prevention strategies for T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine C Robertson
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Center for Precision Health Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ruth M Elgamal
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Belle A Henry-Kanarek
- Department of Internal Medicine and Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Peter Arvan
- Department of Internal Medicine and Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Shuibing Chen
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Center for Genomic Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sangeeta Dhawan
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Decio L Eizirik
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - John S Kaddis
- Department of Diabetes and Cancer Discovery Science, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Golnaz Vahedi
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stephen C J Parker
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Kyle J Gaulton
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Scott A Soleimanpour
- Department of Internal Medicine and Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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4
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Nargis T, Muralidharan C, Enriquez JR, Wang JE, Kaylan K, Chakraborty A, Pratuangtham S, Figatner K, Nelson JB, May SC, Nadler JL, Boxer MB, Maloney DJ, Tersey SA, Mirmira RG. 12-Lipoxygenase inhibition suppresses islet immune and inflammatory responses and delays autoimmune diabetes in human gene replacement mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.28.604986. [PMID: 39091839 PMCID: PMC11291127 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.28.604986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterized by the autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing β cells and involves an interplay between β cells and cells of the innate and adaptive immune systems. We investigated the therapeutic potential of targeting 12-lipoxygenase (12-LOX), an enzyme implicated in inflammatory pathways in β cells and macrophages, using a mouse model in which the endogenous mouse Alox15 gene is replaced by the human ALOX12 gene. Our findings demonstrate that VLX-1005, a potent 12-LOX inhibitor, effectively delays the onset of autoimmune diabetes in human gene replacement non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. By spatial proteomics analysis, VLX-1005 treatment resulted in marked reductions in infiltrating T and B cells and macrophages with accompanying increases in immune checkpoint molecules PD-L1 and PD-1, suggesting a shift towards an immune-suppressive microenvironment. RNA sequencing analysis of isolated islets from inhibitor-treated mice revealed significant alteration of cytokine-responsive pathways. RNA sequencing of polarized proinflammatory macrophages showed that VLX-1005 significantly reduced the interferon response. Our studies demonstrate that the ALOX12 human replacement gene mouse provides a platform for the preclinical evaluation of LOX inhibitors and supports VLX-1005 as an inhibitor of human 12-LOX that engages the enzymatic target and alters the inflammatory phenotypes of islets and macrophages to promote the delay of autoimmune diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Titli Nargis
- Department of Medicine and the Kovler Diabetes Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Charanya Muralidharan
- Department of Medicine and the Kovler Diabetes Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jacob R. Enriquez
- Department of Medicine and the Kovler Diabetes Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jiayi E. Wang
- Department of Medicine and the Kovler Diabetes Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Kerim Kaylan
- Department of Medicine and the Kovler Diabetes Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Advaita Chakraborty
- Department of Medicine and the Kovler Diabetes Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Sarida Pratuangtham
- Department of Medicine and the Kovler Diabetes Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Kayla Figatner
- Department of Medicine and the Kovler Diabetes Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jennifer B. Nelson
- Department of Medicine and the Kovler Diabetes Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Sarah C. May
- Department of Medicine and the Kovler Diabetes Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jerry L. Nadler
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | | | | | - Sarah A. Tersey
- Department of Medicine and the Kovler Diabetes Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Raghavendra G. Mirmira
- Department of Medicine and the Kovler Diabetes Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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5
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Mathisen AF, Vacaru AM, Unger L, Lamba EM, Mardare OAM, Daian LM, Ghila L, Vacaru AM, Chera S. Molecular profiling of NOD mouse islets reveals a novel regulator of insulitis onset. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14669. [PMID: 38918575 PMCID: PMC11199597 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65454-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-obese diabetes (NOD) mice are an established, spontaneous model of type 1 diabetes in which diabetes develops through insulitis. Using next-generation sequencing, coupled with pathway analysis, the molecular fingerprint of early insulitis was mapped in a cohort of mice ranging from 4 to 12 weeks of age. The resulting dynamic timeline revealed an initial decrease in proliferative capacity followed by the emergence of an inflammatory signature between 6 and 8 weeks that increased to a regulatory plateau between 10 and 12 weeks. The inflammatory signature is identified by the activation of central immunogenic factors such as Infg, Il1b, and Tnfa, and activation of canonical inflammatory signaling. Analysis of the regulatory landscape revealed the transcription factor Atf3 as a potential novel modulator of inflammatory signaling in the NOD islets. Furthermore, the Hedgehog signaling pathway correlated with Atf3 regulation, suggesting that the two play a role in regulating islet inflammation; however, further studies are needed to establish the nature of this connection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Frøslev Mathisen
- Department of Clinical Science, Mohn Research Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Andrei Mircea Vacaru
- BetaUpreg Research Group, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu", Bucharest, Romania
| | - Lucas Unger
- Department of Clinical Science, Mohn Research Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Elena Mirela Lamba
- BetaUpreg Research Group, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu", Bucharest, Romania
| | - Oana-Ana-Maria Mardare
- BetaUpreg Research Group, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu", Bucharest, Romania
| | - Laura Maria Daian
- BetaUpreg Research Group, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu", Bucharest, Romania
| | - Luiza Ghila
- Department of Clinical Science, Mohn Research Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ana-Maria Vacaru
- BetaUpreg Research Group, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu", Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Simona Chera
- Department of Clinical Science, Mohn Research Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
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6
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Balasenthilkumaran NV, Whitesell JC, Pyle L, Friedman RS, Kravets V. Network approach reveals preferential T-cell and macrophage association with α-linked β-cells in early stage of insulitis in NOD mice. FRONTIERS IN NETWORK PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 4:1393397. [PMID: 38979061 PMCID: PMC11228247 DOI: 10.3389/fnetp.2024.1393397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
One of the challenges in studying islet inflammation-insulitis-is that it is a transient phenomenon. Traditional reporting of the insulitis progression is based on cumulative, donor-averaged values of leucocyte density in the vicinity of pancreatic islets, that hinder intra- and inter-islet heterogeneity of disease progression. Here, we aimed to understand why insulitis is non-uniform, often with peri-insulitis lesions formed on one side of an islet. To achieve this, we demonstrated the applicability of network theory in detangling intra-islet multi-cellular interactions during insulitis. Specifically, we asked the question "What is unique about regions of the islet that interact with immune cells first". This study utilized the non-obese diabetic mouse model of type one diabetes and examined the interplay among α-, β-, T-cells, myeloid cells, and macrophages in pancreatic islets during the progression of insulitis. Disease evolution was tracked based on the T/β cell ratio in individual islets. In the early stage, we found that immune cells are preferentially interacting with α-cell-rich regions of an islet. At the islet periphery α-linked β-cells were found to be targeted significantly more compared to those without α-cell neighbors. Additionally, network analysis revealed increased T-myeloid, and T-macrophage interactions with all β-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmala V. Balasenthilkumaran
- Department of Bioengineering, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Jennifer C. Whitesell
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Laura Pyle
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Rachel S. Friedman
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Vira Kravets
- Department of Bioengineering, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
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7
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Firdessa-Fite R, Johnson SN, Bechi Genzano C, Leon MA, Ku A, Ocampo Gonzalez FA, Milner JD, Sestak JO, Berkland C, Creusot RJ. Soluble antigen arrays provide increased efficacy and safety over free peptides for tolerogenic immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1258369. [PMID: 38933266 PMCID: PMC11199391 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1258369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Autoantigen-specific immunotherapy using peptides offers a more targeted approach to treat autoimmune diseases, but clinical implementation has been challenging. We previously showed that multivalent delivery of peptides as soluble antigen arrays (SAgAs) efficiently protects against spontaneous autoimmune diabetes in the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse model. Here, we compared the efficacy, safety, and mechanisms of action of SAgAs versus free peptides. SAgAs, but not their corresponding free peptides at equivalent doses, efficiently prevented the development of diabetes. SAgAs increased the frequency of regulatory T cells among peptide-specific T cells or induce their anergy/exhaustion or deletion, depending on the type of SAgA used (hydrolysable (hSAgA) and non-hydrolysable 'click' SAgA (cSAgA)) and duration of treatment, whereas their corresponding free peptides induced a more effector phenotype following delayed clonal expansion. Over time, the peptides induced an IgE-independent anaphylactic reaction, the incidence of which was significantly delayed when peptides were in SAgA form rather than in free form. Moreover, the N-terminal modification of peptides with aminooxy or alkyne linkers, which was needed for grafting onto hyaluronic acid to make hSAgA or cSAgA variants, respectively, influenced their stimulatory potency and safety, with alkyne-functionalized peptides being more potent and less anaphylactogenic than aminooxy-functionalized peptides. Immunologic anaphylaxis occurred in NOD mice in a dose-dependent manner but not in C57BL/6 or BALB/c mice; however, its incidence did not correlate with the level of anti-peptide antibodies. We provide evidence that SAgAs significantly improve the efficacy of peptides to induce tolerance and prevent autoimmune diabetes while at the same time reducing their anaphylactogenic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebuma Firdessa-Fite
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine and Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Stephanie N. Johnson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Camillo Bechi Genzano
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine and Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Martin A. Leon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Amy Ku
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, United States
| | - Fernando A. Ocampo Gonzalez
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, United States
| | - Joshua D. Milner
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Joshua O. Sestak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Cory Berkland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Remi J. Creusot
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine and Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
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8
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Smith JA, Yuen BTK, Purtha W, Balolong JM, Phipps JD, Crawford F, Bluestone JA, Kappler JW, Anderson MS. Aire mediates tolerance to insulin through thymic trimming of high-affinity T cell clones. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2320268121. [PMID: 38709934 PMCID: PMC11098115 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2320268121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Insulin is a central autoantigen in the pathogenesis of T1D, and thymic epithelial cell expression of insulin under the control of the Autoimmune Regulator (Aire) is thought to be a key component of maintaining tolerance to insulin. In spite of this general working model, direct detection of this thymic selection on insulin-specific T cells has been somewhat elusive. Here, we used a combination of highly sensitive T cell receptor transgenic models for detecting thymic selection and sorting and sequencing of Insulin-specific CD4+ T cells from Aire-deficient mice as a strategy to further define their selection. This analysis revealed a number of unique t cell receptor (TCR) clones in Aire-deficient hosts with high affinity for insulin/major histocompatibility complex (MHC) ligands. We then modeled the thymic selection of one of these clones in Aire-deficient versus wild-type hosts and found that this model clone could escape thymic negative selection in the absence of thymic Aire. Together, these results suggest that thymic expression of insulin plays a key role in trimming and removing high-affinity insulin-specific T cells from the repertoire to help promote tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A. Smith
- Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA94143
| | - Benjamin T. K. Yuen
- Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA94143
| | - Whitney Purtha
- Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA94143
| | - Jared M. Balolong
- Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA94143
| | - Jonah D. Phipps
- Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA94143
| | - Frances Crawford
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO80206
| | - Jeffrey A. Bluestone
- Sean N. Parker Autoimmune Research Laboratory, Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA94143
| | - John W. Kappler
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO80206
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO80045
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO80045
| | - Mark S. Anderson
- Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA94143
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9
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Yang K, Zhang Y, Ding J, Li Z, Zhang H, Zou F. Autoimmune CD8+ T cells in type 1 diabetes: from single-cell RNA sequencing to T-cell receptor redirection. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1377322. [PMID: 38800484 PMCID: PMC11116783 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1377322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an organ-specific autoimmune disease caused by pancreatic β cell destruction and mediated primarily by autoreactive CD8+ T cells. It has been shown that only a small number of stem cell-like β cell-specific CD8+ T cells are needed to convert normal mice into T1D mice; thus, it is likely that T1D can be cured or significantly improved by modulating or altering self-reactive CD8+ T cells. However, stem cell-type, effector and exhausted CD8+ T cells play intricate and important roles in T1D. The highly diverse T-cell receptors (TCRs) also make precise and stable targeted therapy more difficult. Therefore, this review will investigate the mechanisms of autoimmune CD8+ T cells and TCRs in T1D, as well as the related single-cell RNA sequencing (ScRNA-Seq), CRISPR/Cas9, chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) and T-cell receptor-gene engineered T cells (TCR-T), for a detailed and clear overview. This review highlights that targeting CD8+ T cells and their TCRs may be a potential strategy for predicting or treating T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangping Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yihan Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medicine School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jiatong Ding
- The Second Clinical Medicine School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zelin Li
- The First Clinical Medicine School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hejin Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medicine School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Fang Zou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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10
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Balasenthilkumaran NV, Whitesell JC, Pyle L, Friedman R, Kravets V. Network approach reveals preferential T-cell and macrophage association with α-linked β-cells in early stage of insulitis in NOD mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.06.592831. [PMID: 38766090 PMCID: PMC11100702 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.06.592831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
One of the challenges in studying islet inflammation - insulitis - is that it is a transient phenomenon. Traditional reporting of the insulitis progression is based on cumulative, donor-averaged values of leucocyte density in the vicinity of pancreatic islets, that hinders intra- and inter-islet heterogeneity of disease progression. Here, we aimed to understand why insulitis is non-uniform, often with peri-insulitis lesions formed on one side of an islet. To achieve this, we demonstrated applicability of network theory in detangling intra-islet multi-cellular interactions during insulitis. Specifically, we asked the question "what is unique about regions of the islet which interact with immune cells first". This study utilized the non-obese diabetic mouse model of type one diabetes and examined the interplay among α-, β-, T-cells, myeloid cells, and macrophages in pancreatic islets during the progression of insulitis. Disease evolution was tracked based on T/β cell ratio in individual islets. In the early stage, we found that immune cells are preferentially interacting with α-cell-rich regions of an islet. At the islet periphery α-linked β-cells were found to be targeted significantly more compared to those without α-cell neighbors. Additionally, network analysis revealed increased T-myeloid, and T-macrophage interactions with all β-cells.
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11
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Liao CC, Hsieh CC, Shia WC, Chou MY, Huang CC, Lin JH, Lee SH, Sung HH. Refined protocol for newly onset identification in non-obese diabetic mice: an animal-friendly, cost-effective, and efficient alternative. Lab Anim Res 2024; 40:16. [PMID: 38649958 PMCID: PMC11034171 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-024-00202-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapeutic interventions for diabetes are most effective when administered in the newly onset phase, yet determining the exact onset moment can be elusive in practice. Spontaneous autoimmune diabetes among NOD mice appears randomly between 12 and 32 weeks of age with an incidence range from 60 to 90%. Furthermore, the disease often progresses rapidly to severe diabetes within days, resulting in a very short window of newly onset phase, that poses significant challenge in early diagnosis. Conventionally, extensive blood glucose (BG) testing is typically required on large cohorts throughout several months to conduct prospective survey. We incorporated ultrasensitive urine glucose (UG) testing into an ordinary BG survey process, initially aiming to elucidate the lag period required for excessive glucose leaking from blood to urine during diabetes progression in the mouse model. RESULTS The observations unexpectedly revealed that small amounts of glucose detected in the urine often coincide with, sometimes even a couple days prior than elevated BG is diagnosed. Accordingly, we conducted the UG-based survey protocol in another cohort that was validated to accurately identified every individual near onset, who could then be confirmed by following few BG tests to fulfill the consecutive BG + criteria. This approach required fewer than 95 BG tests, compared to over 700 tests with traditional BG survey, to diagnose all the 37-38 diabetic mice out of total 60. The average BG level at diagnosis was slightly below 350 mg/dl, lower than the approximately 400 mg/dl observed with conventional BG monitoring. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated a near perfect correlation between BG + and ultrasensitive UG + results in prospective survey with no lag period detected under twice weekly of testing frequency. This led to the refined protocol based on surveying with noninvasive UG testing, allowing for the early identification of newly onset diabetic mice with only a few BG tests required per mouse. This protocol significantly reduces the need for extensive blood sampling, lancet usage, labor, and animal distress, aligning with the 3Rs principle. It presents a convenient, accurate, and animal-friendly alternative for early diabetes diagnosis, facilitating research on diagnosis, pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chi Liao
- National Laboratory Animal Center, National Applied Research Laboratories, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chun Hsieh
- National Laboratory Animal Center, National Applied Research Laboratories, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chung Shia
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Department of Research, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Min-Yuan Chou
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Lab, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Chuan Huang
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Lab, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jhih-Hong Lin
- National Laboratory Animal Center, National Applied Research Laboratories, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hsien Lee
- National Laboratory Animal Center, National Applied Research Laboratories, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Hsuan Sung
- National Laboratory Animal Center, National Applied Research Laboratories, Taipei, Taiwan.
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12
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Hardtke-Wolenski M, Landwehr-Kenzel S. Tipping the balance in autoimmunity: are regulatory t cells the cause, the cure, or both? Mol Cell Pediatr 2024; 11:3. [PMID: 38507159 PMCID: PMC10954601 DOI: 10.1186/s40348-024-00176-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a specialized subgroup of T-cell lymphocytes that is crucial for maintaining immune homeostasis and preventing excessive immune responses. Depending on their differentiation route, Tregs can be subdivided into thymically derived Tregs (tTregs) and peripherally induced Tregs (pTregs), which originate from conventional T cells after extrathymic differentiation at peripheral sites. Although the regulatory attributes of tTregs and pTregs partially overlap, their modes of action, protein expression profiles, and functional stability exhibit specific characteristics unique to each subset. Over the last few years, our knowledge of Treg differentiation, maturation, plasticity, and correlations between their phenotypes and functions has increased. Genetic and functional studies in patients with numeric and functional Treg deficiencies have contributed to our mechanistic understanding of immune dysregulation and autoimmune pathologies. This review provides an overview of our current knowledge of Treg biology, discusses monogenetic Treg pathologies and explores the role of Tregs in various other autoimmune disorders. Additionally, we discuss novel approaches that explore Tregs as targets or agents of innovative treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Hardtke-Wolenski
- Hannover Medical School, Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology, Infectious Diseases and Endocrinology, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, Hannover, 30625, Germany
- University Hospital Essen, Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, Essen, 45122, Germany
| | - Sybille Landwehr-Kenzel
- Hannover Medical School, Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, Hannover, 30625, Germany.
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, Hannover, 30625, Germany.
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13
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Wörmeyer L, Nortmann O, Hamacher A, Uhlemeyer C, Belgardt B, Eberhard D, Mayatepek E, Meissner T, Lammert E, Welters A. The N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Antagonist Dextromethorphan Improves Glucose Homeostasis and Preserves Pancreatic Islets in NOD Mice. Horm Metab Res 2024; 56:223-234. [PMID: 38168730 PMCID: PMC10901624 DOI: 10.1055/a-2236-8625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
For treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus, a combination of immune-based interventions and medication to promote beta-cell survival and proliferation has been proposed. Dextromethorphan (DXM) is an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist with a good safety profile, and to date, preclinical and clinical evidence for blood glucose-lowering and islet-cell-protective effects of DXM have only been provided for animals and individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Here, we assessed the potential anti-diabetic effects of DXM in the non-obese diabetic mouse model of type 1 diabetes. More specifically, we showed that DXM treatment led to five-fold higher numbers of pancreatic islets and more than two-fold larger alpha- and beta-cell areas compared to untreated mice. Further, DXM treatment improved glucose homeostasis and reduced diabetes incidence by 50%. Our data highlight DXM as a novel candidate for adjunct treatment of preclinical or recent-onset type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Wörmeyer
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Oliver Nortmann
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anna Hamacher
- Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Celina Uhlemeyer
- Institute for Vascular and Islet Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Helmholtz Zentrum München Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Bengt Belgardt
- Institute for Vascular and Islet Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Helmholtz Zentrum München Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Eberhard
- Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ertan Mayatepek
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Meissner
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Eckhard Lammert
- Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Vascular and Islet Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Helmholtz Zentrum München Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Alena Welters
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Vascular and Islet Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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14
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Zou Y, Zhang J, Sun F, Xu Q, Chen L, Luo X, Wang T, Zhou Q, Zhang S, Xiong F, Kong W, Yang P, Yu Q, Liu S, Wang CY. Fluvoxamine inhibits Th1 and Th17 polarization and function by repressing glycolysis to attenuate autoimmune progression in type 1 diabetes. Mol Med 2024; 30:23. [PMID: 38317106 PMCID: PMC10845844 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-024-00791-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fluvoxamine is one of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) that are regarded as the first-line drugs to manage mental disorders. It has been also recognized with the potential to treat inflammatory diseases and viral infection. However, the effect of fluvoxamine on autoimmune diseases, particularly type 1 diabetes (T1D) and the related cellular and molecular mechanisms, are yet to be addressed. METHOD Herein in this report, we treated NOD mice with fluvoxamine for 2 weeks starting from 10-week of age to dissect the impact of fluvoxamine on the prevention of type 1 diabetes. We compared the differences of immune cells between 12-week-old control and fluvoxamine-treated mice by flow cytometry analysis. To study the mechanism involved, we extensively examined the characteristics of CD4+ T cells with fluvoxamine stimulation using RNA-seq analysis, real-time PCR, Western blot, and seahorse assay. Furthermore, we investigated the relevance of our data to human autoimmune diabetes. RESULT Fluvoxamine not only delayed T1D onset, but also decreased T1D incidence. Moreover, fluvoxamine-treated NOD mice showed significantly attenuated insulitis coupled with well-preserved β cell function, and decreased Th1 and Th17 cells in the peripheral blood, pancreatic lymph nodes (PLNs), and spleen. Mechanistic studies revealed that fluvoxamine downregulated glycolytic process by inhibiting phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT signaling, by which it restrained effector T (Teff) cell differentiation and production of proinflammatory cytokines. CONCLUSION Collectively, our study supports that fluvoxamine could be a viable therapeutic drug against autoimmunity in T1D setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zou
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory for Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital Research Building, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory for Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital Research Building, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Sun
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory for Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital Research Building, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qianqian Xu
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory for Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital Research Building, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Longmin Chen
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory for Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital Research Building, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Xi Luo
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory for Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital Research Building, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ting Wang
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory for Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital Research Building, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory for Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital Research Building, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory for Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital Research Building, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Xiong
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory for Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital Research Building, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen Kong
- Department of Endocrinology, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Ping Yang
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory for Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital Research Building, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qilin Yu
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory for Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital Research Building, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Shiwei Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical ScienceTongji Shanxi Hospital, The Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shanxi Province, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
| | - Cong-Yi Wang
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory for Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital Research Building, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical ScienceTongji Shanxi Hospital, The Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shanxi Province, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
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15
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Fanaropoulou NM, Tsatsani GC, Koufakis T, Kotsa K. Teplizumab: promises and challenges of a recently approved monoclonal antibody for the prevention of type 1 diabetes or preservation of residual beta cell function. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2024; 20:185-196. [PMID: 37937833 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2023.2281990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune endocrinopathy with increasing incidence that results in the depletion of pancreatic beta cells and exogenous insulin dependence. Despite technological advances in insulin delivery, disease control remains suboptimal, while previous immunotherapy options have failed to prevent T1D. Recently, teplizumab, an immunomodulating monoclonal antibody, was approved to delay or prevent T1D. AREAS COVERED Five randomized controlled trials have tested different regimens of administration, mostly 14-day schemes with dose escalation. In participants with new-onset T1D, teplizumab delayed C-peptide decline, improved glycemic control, and reduced insulin demand for a median of 1 or 2 years. Studies in at-risk relatives of patients showed a decrease in T1D incidence during 2 years of follow-up. Subgroups of responders with unique metabolic and immunological characteristics were identified. Mild to moderate adverse effects were reported, including transient rash, cytopenia, nausea, vomiting, and infections. EXPERT OPINION Teplizumab marks a turning point in T1D therapy. Areas of future research include the ideal population for screening, cost-effectiveness, and challenges in treatment accessibility. More studies are essential to evaluate the ideal duration of the regimen, the potential benefit of combinations with other drugs, and to identify endophenotypes with a high probability of response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Maria Fanaropoulou
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgia C Tsatsani
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Theocharis Koufakis
- Second Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Kalliopi Kotsa
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Diabetes Center, First Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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16
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Hammoud B, Nelson JB, May SC, Tersey SA, Mirmira RG. Discordant Effects of Polyamine Depletion by DENSpm and DFMO on β-cell Cytokine Stress and Diabetes Outcomes in Mice. Endocrinology 2024; 165:bqae001. [PMID: 38195178 PMCID: PMC10808000 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqae001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease leading to dysfunction and loss of insulin-secreting β cells. In β cells, polyamines have been implicated in causing cellular stress and dysfunction. An inhibitor of polyamine biosynthesis, difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), has been shown to delay T1D in mouse models and preserve β-cell function in humans with recent-onset T1D. Another small molecule, N1,N11-diethylnorspermine (DENSpm), both inhibits polyamine biosynthesis and accelerates polyamine metabolism and is being tested for efficacy in cancer clinical trials. In this study, we show that DENSpm depletes intracellular polyamines as effectively as DFMO in mouse β cells. RNA-sequencing analysis, however, suggests that the cellular responses to DENSpm and DFMO differ, with both showing effects on cellular proliferation but the latter showing additional effects on mRNA translation and protein-folding pathways. In the low-dose streptozotocin-induced mouse model of T1D, DENSpm, unlike DFMO, did not prevent or delay diabetes outcomes but did result in improvements in glucose tolerance and reductions in islet oxidative stress. In nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice, short-term DENSpm administration resulted in a slight reduction in insulitis and proinflammatory Th1 cells in the pancreatic lymph nodes. Longer term treatment resulted in a dose-dependent increase in mortality. Notwithstanding the efficacy of both DFMO and DENSpm in reducing potentially toxic polyamine levels in β cells, our results highlight the discordant T1D outcomes that result from differing mechanisms of polyamine depletion and, more importantly, that toxic effects of DENSpm may limit its utility in T1D treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batoul Hammoud
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jennifer B Nelson
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Sarah C May
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Sarah A Tersey
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Raghavendra G Mirmira
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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17
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Liblau RS, Latorre D, Kornum BR, Dauvilliers Y, Mignot EJ. The immunopathogenesis of narcolepsy type 1. Nat Rev Immunol 2024; 24:33-48. [PMID: 37400646 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-023-00902-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) is a chronic sleep disorder resulting from the loss of a small population of hypothalamic neurons that produce wake-promoting hypocretin (HCRT; also known as orexin) peptides. An immune-mediated pathology for NT1 has long been suspected given its exceptionally tight association with the MHC class II allele HLA-DQB1*06:02, as well as recent genetic evidence showing associations with polymorphisms of T cell receptor genes and other immune-relevant loci and the increased incidence of NT1 that has been observed after vaccination with the influenza vaccine Pandemrix. The search for both self-antigens and foreign antigens recognized by the pathogenic T cell response in NT1 is ongoing. Increased T cell reactivity against HCRT has been consistently reported in patients with NT1, but data demonstrating a primary role for T cells in neuronal destruction are currently lacking. Animal models are providing clues regarding the roles of autoreactive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the disease. Elucidation of the pathogenesis of NT1 will allow for the development of targeted immunotherapies at disease onset and could serve as a model for other immune-mediated neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland S Liblau
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), University of Toulouse, CNRS, INSERM, Toulouse, France.
- Department of Immunology, Toulouse University Hospitals, Toulouse, France.
| | | | - Birgitte R Kornum
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yves Dauvilliers
- National Reference Center for Orphan Diseases, Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia and Kleine-Levin Syndrome, Department of Neurology, Gui-de-Chauliac Hospital, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- INSERM Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Emmanuel J Mignot
- Stanford University, Center for Narcolepsy, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
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18
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Liu S, Si S, Li J, Zhao Y, Yu Q, Xue F. Association between type 1 diabetes and systemic lupus erythematosus: a Mendelian randomization study. Clin Rheumatol 2024; 43:41-48. [PMID: 37947970 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-023-06800-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Observational studies have shown that there is a bidirectional relationship between type 1 diabetes (T1D) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE); the causality of this association remains elusive and may be affected by confusion and reverse causality. There is also a lack of large-scale randomized controlled trials to verify. Therefore, this Mendelian randomization (MR) study aimed to investigate the causal association between T1D and SLE. METHODS We aggregated data using publicly available genome-wide association studies (GWAS), all from European populations. Select independent (R2 < 0.001) and closely related to exposure (P < 5 × 10-8) as instrumental variables (IVs). The inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method was used as the primary method. We also used MR-Egger, the weighted median method, MR-Robust, MR-Lasso, and other methods leveraged as supplements. RESULTS T1D had a positive causal association with SLE (IVW, odds ratio [OR] = 1.358, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.205 - 1.530; P < 0.001). The causal association was verified in an independent validation set (IVW, OR = 1.137, 95% CI, 1.033 - 1.251; P = 0.001). SLE had a positive causal association with T1D (IVW, OR = 1.108, 95% CI, 1.074 - 1.144; P < 0.001). The causal association was verified in an independent validation set (IVW, OR = 1.085, 95% CI, 1.046 - 1.127; P < 0.001). These results have also been verified by sensitivity analysis. CONCLUSION The MR analysis results indicated a causal association between T1D and SLE. Therefore, further research is needed to clarify the potential biological mechanism between T1D and SLE. Key Points • Observational studies have shown that there is a bidirectional relationship between T1D and SLE. • We evaluated causal effects between T1D and SLE by Mendelian randomization analyses. • The MR analysis results indicated a causal association between T1D and SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulin Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Culture West Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Healthcare Big Data Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Shucheng Si
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Culture West Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Healthcare Big Data Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Jiqing Li
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Culture West Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Healthcare Big Data Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yingqi Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Culture West Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Healthcare Big Data Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Qingqing Yu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Culture West Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Healthcare Big Data Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Fuzhong Xue
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Culture West Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
- Healthcare Big Data Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
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19
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Firdessa Fite R, Bechi Genzano C, Mallone R, Creusot RJ. Epitope-based precision immunotherapy of Type 1 diabetes. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2023; 19:2154098. [PMID: 36656048 PMCID: PMC9980607 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2154098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Antigen-specific immunotherapies (ASITs) address important clinical needs in treating autoimmune diseases. However, Type 1 diabetes is a heterogeneous disease wherein patient characteristics influence responsiveness to ASITs. Targeting not only disease-relevant T cell populations, but also specific groups of patients using precision medicine is a new goal toward achieving effective treatment. HLA-restricted peptides provide advantages over protein as antigens, however, methods for profiling antigen-specific T cells need to improve in sensitivity, depth, and throughput to facilitate epitope selection. Delivery approaches are highly diverse, illustrating the many ways relevant antigen-presenting cell populations and anatomical locations can be targeted for tolerance induction. The role of persistence of antigen presentation in promoting durable antigen-specific tolerance requires further investigation. Based on the outcome of ASIT trials, the field is moving toward using patient-specific variations to improve efficacy, but challenges still lie on the path to delivering more effective and safer treatment to the T1D patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebuma Firdessa Fite
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Camillo Bechi Genzano
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Roberto Mallone
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Diabétologie et Immunologie Clinique, Cochin Hospital, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Paris Centre-Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Remi J Creusot
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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20
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Christen U, Pouzol L, Tunis M, Sassi A, Tondello C, Bayer M, Hintermann E, Strasser DS, Schuldes S, Mentzel U, Martinic MM. Combination treatment of a novel CXCR3 antagonist ACT-777991 with an anti-CD3 antibody synergistically increases persistent remission in experimental models of type 1 diabetes. Clin Exp Immunol 2023; 214:131-143. [PMID: 37458220 PMCID: PMC10714188 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxad083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of patients with recent-onset type 1 diabetes with an anti-CD3 antibody leads to the transient stabilization of C-peptide levels in responder patients. Partial efficacy may be explained by the entry of islet-reactive T-cells spared by and/or regenerated after the anti-CD3 therapy. The CXCR3/CXCL10 axis has been proposed as a key player in the infiltration of autoreactive T cells into the pancreatic islets followed by the destruction of β cells. Combining the blockade of this axis using ACT-777991, a novel small-molecule CXCR3 antagonist, with anti-CD3 treatment may prevent further infiltration and β-cell damage and thus, preserve insulin production. The effect of anti-CD3 treatment on circulating T-cell subsets, including CXCR3 expression, in mice was evaluated by flow cytometry. Anti-CD3/ACT-777991 combination treatment was assessed in the virally induced RIP-LCMV-GP and NOD diabetes mouse models. Treatments started at disease onset. The effects on remission rate, blood glucose concentrations, insulitis, and plasma C-peptide were evaluated for the combination treatment and the respective monotherapies. Anti-CD3 treatment induced transient lymphopenia but spared circulating CXCR3+ T cells. Combination therapy in both mouse models synergistically and persistently reduced blood glucose concentrations, resulting in increased disease remission rates compared to each monotherapy. At the study end, mice in disease remission demonstrated reduced insulitis and detectable plasma C-peptide levels. When treatments were initiated in non-severely hyperglycemic NOD mice at diabetes onset, the combination treatment led to persistent disease remission in all mice. These results provide preclinical validation and rationale to investigate the combination of ACT-777991 with anti-CD3 for the treatment of patients with recent-onset diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urs Christen
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Laetitia Pouzol
- Immunology and Pharmacology Department, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Hegenheimermattweg 91, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Mélanie Tunis
- Immunology and Pharmacology Department, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Hegenheimermattweg 91, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Anna Sassi
- Immunology and Pharmacology Department, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Hegenheimermattweg 91, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | | | - Monika Bayer
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Daniel S Strasser
- Translational Biomarkers Department, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Hegenheimermattweg 91, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Sabrina Schuldes
- Project Management Department, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Hegenheimermattweg 91, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Ulrich Mentzel
- Pharmacology and Preclinical Development Department, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Hegenheimermattweg 91, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Marianne M Martinic
- Immunology and Pharmacology Department, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Hegenheimermattweg 91, Allschwil, Switzerland
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21
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Jamison BL, Lawrance M, Wang CJ, DeBerg HA, Sansom DM, Gavin MA, Walker LS, Campbell DJ. An IL-2 mutein increases IL-10 and CTLA-4-dependent suppression of dendritic cells by regulatory T cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.01.569613. [PMID: 38106196 PMCID: PMC10723345 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.01.569613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-2 (IL-2) variants with increased CD25 dependence that selectively expand Foxp3+ regulatory T (TR) cells are in clinical trials for treating inflammatory diseases. Using an Fc-fused IL-2 mutein (Fc.IL-2 mutein) we developed that prevents diabetes in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice, we show that Fc.IL-2 mutein induced an activated TR population with elevated proliferation, a transcriptional program associated with Stat5- and TCR-dependent gene modules, and high IL-10 and CTLA-4 expression. Increased IL-10 signaling limited surface MHC class II upregulation during conventional dendritic cell (cDC) maturation, while increased CTLA-4-dependent transendocytosis led to the transfer of CD80 and CD86 costimulatory ligands from maturing cDCs to TR cells. In NOD mice, Fc.IL-2 mutein treatment promoted the suppression of cDCs in the inflamed pancreas and pancreatic lymph nodes resulting in T cell anergy. Thus, IL-2 mutein-expanded TR cells have enhanced functional properties and restrict cDC function, offering promise for targeted immunotherapy use in autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Braxton L. Jamison
- Center for Fundamental Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Chun Jing Wang
- Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, Pears Building, University College London Division of Infection & Immunity, London, UK
| | | | - David M. Sansom
- Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, Pears Building, University College London Division of Infection & Immunity, London, UK
| | | | - Lucy S.K. Walker
- Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, Pears Building, University College London Division of Infection & Immunity, London, UK
| | - Daniel J. Campbell
- Center for Fundamental Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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22
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Thakkar S, Chopra A, Nagendra L, Kalra S, Bhattacharya S. Teplizumab in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: An Updated Review. TOUCHREVIEWS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY 2023; 19:22-30. [PMID: 38187075 PMCID: PMC10769466 DOI: 10.17925/ee.2023.19.2.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic autoimmune condition characterized by the irreversible destruction of the β cells of the pancreas, which leads to a lifelong dependency on exogenous insulin. Despite the advancements in insulin delivery methods, the suboptimal outcomes of these methods have triggered the search for therapies that may prevent or reverse the disease. Given the autoimmune aetiology of T1DM, therapies counteracting the immune-mediated destruction of the β-cells are the obvious target. Although several treatment strategies have been attempted to target cellular, humoral and innate immunity, very few have had a clinically meaningful impact. Of all the available immunomodulatory agents, cluster of differentiation (CD) 3 antibodies have exhibited the most promising preclinical and clinical results. Muromonab-CD3, which also happened to be a murine CD3 antibody, was the first monoclonal antibody approved for clinical use and was primarily indicated for graft rejection. The adverse effects associated with muromonab-CD3 led to its withdrawal. Teplizumab, a newer CD3 antibody, has a better side-effect profile because of its humanized nature and non-Fc-receptor-binding domain. In November 2022, teplizumab became the first immunomodulatory agent to be licensed by the US Food and Drug Administration for delaying the onset of T1DM in high-risk adults and children over 8 years old. The mechanism seems to be enhancing regulatory T-cell activity and promoting immune tolerance. This article reviews the mechanism of action and the clinical trials of teplizumab in individuals with T1DM or at risk of developing the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simran Thakkar
- Department of Endocrinology, Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals, New Delhi, India
| | - Aditi Chopra
- Department of Endocrinology, Manipal Hospital, Bengaluru, India
| | | | - Sanjay Kalra
- Department of Endocrinology, Bharti Hospital, Karnal, Haryana, India
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23
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Riaz F, Wei P, Pan F. PPARs at the crossroads of T cell differentiation and type 1 diabetes. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1292238. [PMID: 37928539 PMCID: PMC10623333 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1292238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
T-cell-mediated autoimmune type 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterized by the immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic beta cells (β-cells). The increasing prevalence of T1D poses significant challenges to the healthcare system, particularly in countries with struggling economies. This review paper highlights the multifaceted roles of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs) in the context of T1D, shedding light on their potential as regulators of immune responses and β-cell biology. Recent research has elucidated the intricate interplay between CD4+ T cell subsets, such as Tregs and Th17, in developing autoimmune diseases like T1D. Th17 cells drive inflammation, while Tregs exert immunosuppressive functions, highlighting the delicate balance crucial for immune homeostasis. Immunotherapy has shown promise in reinstating self-tolerance and restricting the destruction of autoimmune responses, but further investigations are required to refine these therapeutic strategies. Intriguingly, PPARs, initially recognized for their role in lipid metabolism, have emerged as potent modulators of inflammation in autoimmune diseases, particularly in T1D. Although evidence suggests that PPARs affect the β-cell function, their influence on T-cell responses and their potential impact on T1D remains largely unexplored. It was noted that PPARα is involved in restricting the transcription of IL17A and enhancing the expression of Foxp3 by minimizing its proteasomal degradation. Thus, antagonizing PPARs may exert beneficial effects in regulating the differentiation of CD4+ T cells and preventing T1D. Therefore, this review advocates for comprehensive investigations to delineate the precise roles of PPARs in T1D pathogenesis, offering innovative therapeutic avenues that target both the immune system and pancreatic function. This review paper seeks to bridge the knowledge gap between PPARs, immune responses, and T1D, providing insights that may revolutionize the treatment landscape for this autoimmune disorder. Moreover, further studies involving PPAR agonists in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice hold promise for developing novel T1D therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farooq Riaz
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, China
| | - Ping Wei
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fan Pan
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, China
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24
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Cristelo C, Nunes R, Pinto S, Marques JM, Gama FM, Sarmento B. Targeting β Cells with Cathelicidin Nanomedicines Improves Insulin Function and Pancreas Regeneration in Type 1 Diabetic Rats. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2023; 6:1544-1560. [PMID: 37854630 PMCID: PMC10580391 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.3c00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an incurable condition with an increasing incidence worldwide, in which the hallmark is the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic insulin-producing β cells. Cathelicidin-based peptides have been shown to improve β cell function and neogenesis and may thus be relevant while developing T1D therapeutics. In this work, a cathelicidin-derived peptide, LLKKK18, was loaded in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs), surface-functionalized with exenatide toward a GLP-1 receptor, aiming the β cell-targeted delivery of the peptide. The NPs present a mean size of around 100 nm and showed long-term stability, narrow size distribution, and negative ζ-potential (-10 mV). The LLKKK18 association efficiency and loading were 62 and 2.9%, respectively, presenting slow and sustained in vitro release under simulated physiologic fluids. Glucose-stimulated insulin release in the INS-1E cell line was observed in the presence of the peptide. In addition, NPs showed a strong association with β cells from isolated rat islets. After administration to diabetic rats, NPs induced a significant reduction of the hyperglycemic state, an improvement in the pancreatic insulin content, and glucose tolerance. Also remarkable, a considerable increase in the β cell mass in the pancreas was observed. Overall, this novel and versatile nanomedicine showed glucoregulatory ability and can pave the way for the development of a new generation of therapeutic approaches for T1D treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecília Cristelo
- i3S
− Instituto de Investigação e Inovação
em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal
- Centro
de Engenharia Biológica, Universidade
do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal
- ICBAS
− Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4050-313, Portugal
| | - Rute Nunes
- i3S
− Instituto de Investigação e Inovação
em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal
- IUCS-CESPU, Instituto
Universitário de Ciências
da Saúde, Gandra 4585-116, Portugal
| | - Soraia Pinto
- i3S
− Instituto de Investigação e Inovação
em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal
- ICBAS
− Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4050-313, Portugal
| | - Joana Moreira Marques
- i3S
− Instituto de Investigação e Inovação
em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal
- Faculdade
de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4099-002, Portugal
| | - Francisco Miguel Gama
- Centro
de Engenharia Biológica, Universidade
do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- i3S
− Instituto de Investigação e Inovação
em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal
- IUCS-CESPU, Instituto
Universitário de Ciências
da Saúde, Gandra 4585-116, Portugal
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25
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Collier JL, Pauken KE, Lee CA, Patterson DG, Markson SC, Conway TS, Fung ME, France JA, Mucciarone KN, Lian CG, Murphy GF, Sharpe AH. Single-cell profiling reveals unique features of diabetogenic T cells in anti-PD-1-induced type 1 diabetes mice. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20221920. [PMID: 37432393 PMCID: PMC10336233 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20221920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) are a notable complication of PD-1 cancer immunotherapy. A better understanding of how these iatrogenic diseases compare with naturally arising autoimmune diseases is needed for treatment and monitoring of irAEs. We identified differences in anti-PD-1-induced type 1 diabetes (T1D) and spontaneous T1D in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice by performing single-cell RNA-seq and TCR-seq on T cells from the pancreas, pancreas-draining lymph node (pLN), and blood of mice with PD-1-induced T1D or spontaneous T1D. In the pancreas, anti-PD-1 resulted in expansion of terminally exhausted/effector-like CD8+ T cells, an increase in T-bethi CD4+FoxP3- T cells, and a decrease in memory CD4+FoxP3- and CD8+ T cells in contrast to spontaneous T1D. Notably, anti-PD-1 caused increased TCR sharing between the pancreas and the periphery. Moreover, T cells in the blood of anti-PD-1-treated mice expressed markers that differed from spontaneous T1D, suggesting that the blood may provide a window to monitor irAEs rather than relying exclusively on the autoimmune target organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna L. Collier
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Evergrande Center for Immunological Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kristen E. Pauken
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Evergrande Center for Immunological Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Dillon G. Patterson
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Evergrande Center for Immunological Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samuel C. Markson
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Evergrande Center for Immunological Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas S. Conway
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Evergrande Center for Immunological Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Megan E. Fung
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Evergrande Center for Immunological Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joshua A. France
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Evergrande Center for Immunological Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Christine G. Lian
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - George F. Murphy
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Arlene H. Sharpe
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Evergrande Center for Immunological Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
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26
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Mthembu SXH, Mazibuko-Mbeje SE, Moetlediwa MT, Muvhulawa N, Silvestri S, Orlando P, Nkambule BB, Muller CJF, Ndwandwe D, Basson AK, Tiano L, Dludla PV. Sulforaphane: A nutraceutical against diabetes-related complications. Pharmacol Res 2023; 196:106918. [PMID: 37703962 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing interest in the use of nutraceuticals and plant-derived bioactive compounds from foods for their potential health benefits. For example, as a major active ingredient found from cruciferous vegetables like broccoli, there has been growing interest in understanding the therapeutic effects of sulforaphane against diverse metabolic complications. The past decade has seen an extensive growth in literature reporting on the potential health benefits of sulforaphane to neutralize pathological consequences of oxidative stress and inflammation, which may be essential in protecting against diabetes-related complications. In fact, preclinical evidence summarized within this review supports an active role of sulforaphane in activating nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 or effectively modulating AMP-activated protein kinase to protect against diabetic complications, including diabetic cardiomyopathy, diabetic neuropathy, diabetic nephropathy, as well as other metabolic complications involving non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and skeletal muscle insulin resistance. With clinical evidence suggesting that foods rich in sulforaphane like broccoli can improve the metabolic status and lower cardiovascular disease risk by reducing biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation in patients with type 2 diabetes. This information remains essential in determining the therapeutic value of sulforaphane or its potential use as a nutraceutical to manage diabetes and its related complications. Finally, this review discusses essential information on the bioavailability profile of sulforaphane, while also covering information on the pathological consequences of oxidative stress and inflammation that drive the development and progression of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinenhlanhla X H Mthembu
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
| | | | - Marakiya T Moetlediwa
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
| | - Ndivhuwo Muvhulawa
- Department of Biochemistry, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa; Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
| | - Sonia Silvestri
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy
| | - Patrick Orlando
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy
| | - Bongani B Nkambule
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Christo J F Muller
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Centre for Cardiometabolic Research Africa (CARMA), Division of Medical Physiology, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa
| | - Duduzile Ndwandwe
- Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
| | - Albertus K Basson
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa
| | - Luca Tiano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy
| | - Phiwayinkosi V Dludla
- Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa.
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27
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Brown H, Komnick MR, Brigleb PH, Dermody TS, Esterházy D. Lymph node sharing between pancreas, gut, and liver leads to immune crosstalk and regulation of pancreatic autoimmunity. Immunity 2023; 56:2070-2085.e11. [PMID: 37557168 PMCID: PMC11040372 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Lymph nodes (LNs) are critical sites for shaping tissue-specific adaptive immunity. However, the impact of LN sharing between multiple organs on such tailoring is less understood. Here, we describe the drainage hierarchy of the pancreas, liver, and the upper small intestine (duodenum) into three murine LNs. Migratory dendritic cells (migDCs), key in instructing adaptive immune outcome, exhibited stronger pro-inflammatory signatures when originating from the pancreas or liver than from the duodenum. Qualitatively different migDC mixing in each shared LN influenced pancreatic β-cell-reactive T cells to acquire gut-homing and tolerogenic phenotypes proportional to duodenal co-drainage. However, duodenal viral infections rendered non-intestinal migDCs and β-cell-reactive T cells more pro-inflammatory in all shared LNs, resulting in elevated pancreatic islet lymphocyte infiltration. Our study uncovers immune crosstalk through LN co-drainage as a powerful force regulating pancreatic autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailey Brown
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Macy R Komnick
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Pamela H Brigleb
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Institute of Infection, Inflammation, and Immunity, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Terence S Dermody
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Institute of Infection, Inflammation, and Immunity, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Daria Esterházy
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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28
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Cina ML, Venegas J, Young A. Stocking the toolbox-Using preclinical models to understand the development and treatment of immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced immune-related adverse events. Immunol Rev 2023; 318:110-137. [PMID: 37565407 PMCID: PMC10529261 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are susceptible to a broad and variable array of immune-related adverse events (irAEs). With increasing clinical use of ICIs, defining the mechanism for irAE development is more critical than ever. However, it currently remains challenging to predict when these irAEs occur and which organ may be affected, and for many of the more severe irAEs, inaccessibility to the tissue site hampers mechanistic insight. This lack of understanding of irAE development in the clinical setting emphasizes the need for greater use of preclinical models that allow for improved prediction of biomarkers for ICI-initiated irAEs or that validate treatment options that inhibit irAEs without hampering the anti-tumor immune response. Here, we discuss the utility of preclinical models, ranging from exploring databases to in vivo animal models, focusing on where they are most useful and where they could be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan L Cina
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Jessica Venegas
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Arabella Young
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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29
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Obarorakpor N, Patel D, Boyarov R, Amarsaikhan N, Cepeda JR, Eastes D, Robertson S, Johnson T, Yang K, Tang Q, Zhang L. Regulatory T cells targeting a pathogenic MHC class II: Insulin peptide epitope postpone spontaneous autoimmune diabetes. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1207108. [PMID: 37593744 PMCID: PMC10428008 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1207108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction In spontaneous type 1 diabetes (T1D) non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice, the insulin B chain peptide 9-23 (B:9-23) can bind to the MHC class II molecule (IAg7) in register 3 (R3), creating a bimolecular IAg7/InsulinB:9-23 register 3 conformational epitope (InsB:R3). Previously, we showed that the InsB:R3-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR), constructed using an InsB:R3-monoclonal antibody, could guide CAR-expressing CD8 T cells to migrate to the islets and pancreatic lymph nodes. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) specific for an islet antigen can broadly suppress various pathogenic immune cells in the islets and effectively halt the progression of islet destruction. Therefore, we hypothesized that InsB:R3 specific Tregs would suppress autoimmune reactivity in islets and efficiently protect against T1D. Methods To test our hypothesis, we produced InsB:R3-Tregs and tested their disease-protective effects in spontaneous T1D NOD.CD28-/- mice. Results InsB:R3-CAR expressing Tregs secrete IL-10 dominated cytokines upon engagement with InsB:R3 antigens. A single infusion of InsB:R3 Tregs delayed the onset of T1D in 95% of treated mice, with 35% maintaining euglycemia for two healthy lifespans, readily home to the relevant target whereas control Tregs did not. Our data demonstrate that Tregs specific for MHC class II: Insulin peptide epitope (MHCII/Insulin) protect mice against T1D more efficiently than polyclonal Tregs lacking islet antigen specificity, suggesting that the MHC II/insulin-specific Treg approach is a promising immune therapy for safely preventing T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nyerhovwo Obarorakpor
- Diabetes Center, Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Deep Patel
- Diabetes Center, Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Reni Boyarov
- Diabetes Center, Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Nansalmaa Amarsaikhan
- Diabetes Center, Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Joseph Ray Cepeda
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Doreen Eastes
- Diabetes Center, Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Sylvia Robertson
- Diabetes Center, Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Travis Johnson
- Diabetes Center, Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Experimental and Developmental Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Kai Yang
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research and Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- School of Medicine, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Qizhi Tang
- Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Gladstone Institute of Genomic Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Li Zhang
- Diabetes Center, Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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Sui M, Li T, Lu H, Li Y, Huang J, Zhang P, Wang S, Zeng L. SOCS3 inhibits the mesenchymal stromal cell secretory factor SDF-1-mediated improvement of islet function in non-obese diabetic mice. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:172. [PMID: 37400916 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03347-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Islet transplantation is used therapeutically in a minority of patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, successful outcomes are hampered by early islet β-cell loss caused by immune rejection and autoimmunity. Recent studies have demonstrated that mesenchymal stromal cells can enhance islet function both in vitro and in vivo by secreting ligands that activate islet G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) is an MSC-secreted GPCR ligand, whereas the suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) is a negative regulator of STAT3-activating cytokines. Here, we determined whether improvement in islet function mediated by exogenous SDF-1 is impaired by SOCS3 in experimental models of T1D. METHODS Isolated islets were cultured for 48 h with SDF-1. Cytokine-induced apoptosis was measured immediately. Islets from Socs3-/- mice were pre-cultured with exogenous SDF-1 and transplanted underneath the kidney capsule of C57BL/6 mice with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Blood glucose levels were monitored for 28 days. AMD3100, an antagonist of the SDF-1 ligand CXCR4, was administered subcutaneously to islet transplanted mice to inhibit CXCR4 before and after transplantation. RESULTS SDF-1 protected islet cells from cytokine-induced apoptosis in vitro. SOCS3-knockout (KO) islets pretreated with SDF-1 were effective in reducing blood glucose in non-obese diabetic mice in vivo. We found that SDF-1 elicits localized immunosuppression in transplanted SOCS3-KO islets. Immunomodulation was observed when SOCS-KO islets were preconditioned with SDF-1. Gene expression and flow cytometric analyses revealed significantly decreased immune cell infiltration, inflammatory cytokines, and concomitant increases in FOXP3+ regulatory T cells, alternatively activated M2 macrophages, and dendritic cell phenotypes. Administration of AMD3100 impaired the SDF-1-mediated improvement in SOCS3-KO islet function and local immune suppression. CONCLUSION SDF-1 improves the function of islet grafts in autoimmune diabetes through regulation by CXCR4; however, the presence of SOCS3 reverses the protective effect of SDF-1 on islet grafts. These data reveal a molecular pathway that can elicit localized immunosuppression and delay graft destruction in transplanted islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxing Sui
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Tuo Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Changzheng Hospital, Navy Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Hanlan Lu
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yanhua Li
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Pei Zhang
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Shusen Wang
- Organ Transplant Center, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China.
| | - Li Zeng
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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Simeonov DR, Park K, Cortez JT, Young A, Li Z, Nguyen V, Umhoefer J, Indart AC, Woo JM, Anderson MS, Tsang JS, Germain RN, Wong HS, Marson A. Non-coding sequence variation reveals fragility within interleukin 2 feedback circuitry and shapes autoimmune disease risk. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.17.545426. [PMID: 37503101 PMCID: PMC10370162 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.17.545426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Genetic variants associated with human autoimmune diseases commonly map to non-coding control regions, particularly enhancers that function selectively in immune cells and fine-tune gene expression within a relatively narrow range of values. How such modest, cell-type-selective changes can meaningfully shape organismal disease risk remains unclear. To explore this issue, we experimentally manipulated species-conserved enhancers within the disease-associated IL2RA locus and studied accompanying changes in the progression of autoimmunity. Perturbing distinct enhancers with restricted activity in conventional T cells (Tconvs) or regulatory T cells (Tregs)-two functionally antagonistic T cell subsets-caused only modest, cell-type-selective decreases in IL2ra expression parameters. However, these same perturbations had striking and opposing effects in vivo , completely preventing or severely accelerating disease in a murine model of type 1 diabetes. Quantitative tissue imaging and computational modelling revealed that each enhancer manipulation impinged on distinct IL-2-dependent feedback circuits. These imbalances altered the intracellular signaling and intercellular communication dynamics of activated Tregs and Tconvs, producing opposing spatial domains that amplified or constrained ongoing autoimmune responses. These findings demonstrate how subtle changes in gene regulation stemming from non-coding variation can propagate across biological scales due to non-linearities in intra- and intercellular feedback circuitry, dramatically shaping disease risk at the organismal level.
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Ma XL, Shi QY, Zhao QG, Xu Q, Yan SS, Han BX, Fang C, Zhang L, Pei YF. Causal associations between type 1 diabetes and COVID-19 infection and prognosis: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2023; 11:e003167. [PMID: 37311601 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2022-003167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It has been suggested that type 1 diabetes was associated with increased COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. However, their causal relationship is still unclear. Herein, we performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate the causal effect of type 1 diabetes on COVID-19 infection and prognosis. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The summary statistics of type 1 diabetes were obtained from two published genome-wide association studies of European population, one as a discovery sample including 15 573 cases and 158 408 controls, and the other data as a replication sample consisting of 5913 cases and 8828 controls. We first performed a two-sample MR analysis to evaluate the causal effect of type 1 diabetes on COVID-19 infection and prognosis. Then, reverse MR analysis was conducted to determine whether reverse causality exists. RESULTS MR analysis results showed that the genetically predicted type 1 diabetes was associated with higher risk of severe COVID-19 (OR=1.073, 95% CI: 1.034 to 1.114, pFDR=1.15×10-3) and COVID-19 death (OR=1.075, 95% CI: 1.033 to 1.119, pFDR=1.15×10-3). Analysis of replication dataset showed similar results, namely a positive association between type 1 diabetes and severe COVID-19 (OR=1.055, 95% CI: 1.029 to 1.081, pFDR=1.59×10-4), and a positively correlated association with COVID-19 death (OR=1.053, 95% CI: 1.026 to 1.081, pFDR=3.50×10-4). No causal association was observed between type 1 diabetes and COVID-19 positive, hospitalized COVID-19, the time to the end of COVID-19 symptoms in the colchicine treatment group and placebo treatment group. Reverse MR analysis showed no reverse causality. CONCLUSIONS Type 1 diabetes had a causal effect on severe COVID-19 and death after COVID-19 infection. Further mechanistic studies are needed to explore the relationship between type 1 diabetes and COVID-19 infection and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Ling Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qi-Yun Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qi-Gang Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shan-Shan Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bai-Xue Han
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen Fang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu-Fang Pei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Passeri L, Andolfi G, Bassi V, Russo F, Giacomini G, Laudisa C, Marrocco I, Cesana L, Di Stefano M, Fanti L, Sgaramella P, Vitale S, Ziparo C, Auricchio R, Barera G, Di Nardo G, Troncone R, Gianfrani C, Annoni A, Passerini L, Gregori S. Tolerogenic IL-10-engineered dendritic cell-based therapy to restore antigen-specific tolerance in T cell mediated diseases. J Autoimmun 2023; 138:103051. [PMID: 37224733 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2023.103051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Tolerogenic dendritic cells play a critical role in promoting antigen-specific tolerance via dampening of T cell responses, induction of pathogenic T cell exhaustion and antigen-specific regulatory T cells. Here we efficiently generate tolerogenic dendritic cells by genetic engineering of monocytes with lentiviral vectors co-encoding for immunodominant antigen-derived peptides and IL-10. These transduced dendritic cells (designated DCIL-10/Ag) secrete IL-10 and efficiently downregulate antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses from healthy subjects and celiac disease patients in vitro. In addition, DCIL-10/Ag induce antigen-specific CD49b+LAG-3+ T cells, which display the T regulatory type 1 (Tr1) cell gene signature. Administration of DCIL-10/Ag resulted in the induction of antigen-specific Tr1 cells in chimeric transplanted mice and the prevention of type 1 diabetes in pre-clinical disease models. Subsequent transfer of these antigen-specific T cells completely prevented type 1 diabetes development. Collectively these data indicate that DCIL-10/Ag represent a platform to induce stable antigen-specific tolerance to control T-cell mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Passeri
- Mechanisms of Peripheral Tolerance Unit, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Grazia Andolfi
- Mechanisms of Peripheral Tolerance Unit, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Virginia Bassi
- Mechanisms of Peripheral Tolerance Unit, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy; University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Cracovia 50, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Russo
- Mechanisms of Peripheral Tolerance Unit, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgia Giacomini
- Mechanisms of Peripheral Tolerance Unit, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Cecilia Laudisa
- Mechanisms of Peripheral Tolerance Unit, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Marrocco
- Mechanisms of Peripheral Tolerance Unit, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Cesana
- Mechanisms of Peripheral Tolerance Unit, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Di Stefano
- Department of Paediatrics, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorella Fanti
- Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Sgaramella
- Department of Paediatrics, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Serena Vitale
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CNR, via P.Castellino 11, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Ziparo
- NESMOS Department, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - Renata Auricchio
- European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food Induced Diseases (ELFID), Department of Translational Medical Science, Section of Pediatrics, Via Pansini 5, 80131, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Graziano Barera
- Department of Paediatrics, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Nardo
- NESMOS Department, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Troncone
- European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food Induced Diseases (ELFID), Department of Translational Medical Science, Section of Pediatrics, Via Pansini 5, 80131, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Carmen Gianfrani
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CNR, via P.Castellino 11, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Annoni
- Mechanisms of Peripheral Tolerance Unit, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Passerini
- Mechanisms of Peripheral Tolerance Unit, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Gregori
- Mechanisms of Peripheral Tolerance Unit, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.
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Lechner MG, Zhou Z, Hoang AT, Huang N, Ortega J, Scott LN, Chen HC, Patel AY, Yakhshi-Tafti R, Kim K, Hugo W, Famini P, Drakaki A, Ribas A, Angell TE, Su MA. Clonally expanded, thyrotoxic effector CD8 + T cells driven by IL-21 contribute to checkpoint inhibitor thyroiditis. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eadg0675. [PMID: 37196065 PMCID: PMC10227862 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adg0675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune toxicity occurs in up to 60% of patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy for cancer and represents an increasing clinical challenge for expanding the use of these treatments. To date, human immunopathogenic studies of immune-related adverse events (IRAEs) have relied on sampling of circulating peripheral blood cells rather than affected tissues. Here, we directly obtained thyroid specimens from individuals with ICI-thyroiditis, one of the most common IRAEs, and compared immune infiltrates with those from individuals with spontaneous autoimmune Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) or no thyroid disease. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed a dominant, clonally expanded population of thyroid-infiltrating cytotoxic CXCR6+ CD8+ T cells (effector CD8+ T cells) present in ICI-thyroiditis but not HT or healthy controls. Furthermore, we identified a crucial role for interleukin-21 (IL-21), a cytokine secreted by intrathyroidal T follicular (TFH) and T peripheral helper (TPH) cells, as a driver of these thyrotoxic effector CD8+ T cells. In the presence of IL-21, human CD8+ T cells acquired the activated effector phenotype with up-regulation of the cytotoxic molecules interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and granzyme B, increased expression of the chemokine receptor CXCR6, and thyrotoxic capacity. We validated these findings in vivo using a mouse model of IRAEs and further demonstrated that genetic deletion of IL-21 signaling protected ICI-treated mice from thyroid immune infiltration. Together, these studies reveal mechanisms and candidate therapeutic targets for individuals who develop IRAEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa G. Lechner
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine; Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Zikang Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine; Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Aline T. Hoang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine; Los Angeles, CA 90095
- Drexel Medical School; Philadelphia, PA 19129
| | - Nicole Huang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine; Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Jessica Ortega
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine; Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Lauren N. Scott
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine; Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Ho-Chung Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine; Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Anushi Y. Patel
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine; Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Rana Yakhshi-Tafti
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine; Los Angeles, CA 90095
- Rosalind Franklin Medical School; Chicago, IL 60064
| | - Kristy Kim
- UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine; Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Willy Hugo
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine; Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Pouyan Famini
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine; Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Alexandra Drakaki
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine; Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Antoni Ribas
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine; Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Trevor E. Angell
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, USC Keck School of Medicine; Los Angeles, CA 90033
| | - Maureen A. Su
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine; Los Angeles, CA 90095
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine; Los Angeles, CA 90095
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Firdessa-Fite R, Johnson SN, Leon MA, Sestak JO, Berkland C, Creusot RJ. Soluble antigen arrays improve the efficacy and safety of peptide-based tolerogenic immunotherapy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.05.539161. [PMID: 37205572 PMCID: PMC10187310 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.05.539161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Autoantigen-specific immunotherapy using peptides offers a more targeted approach to treat autoimmune diseases, but the limited in vivo stability and uptake of peptides impedes clinical implementation. We previously showed that multivalent delivery of peptides as soluble antigen arrays (SAgAs) efficiently protects against spontaneous autoimmune diabetes in the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse model. Here, we compared the efficacy, safety, and mechanisms of action of SAgAs versus free peptides. SAgAs, but not their corresponding free peptides at equivalent doses, efficiently prevented the development of diabetes. SAgAs increased the frequency of regulatory T cells among peptide-specific T cells or induce their anergy/exhaustion or deletion, depending on the type of SAgA (hydrolysable (hSAgA) and non-hydrolysable 'click' SAgA (cSAgA)) and duration of treatment, whereas their corresponding free peptides induced a more effector phenotype following delayed clonal expansion. Moreover, the N-terminal modification of peptides with aminooxy or alkyne linkers, which was needed for grafting onto hyaluronic acid to make hSAgA or cSAgA variants, respectively, influenced their stimulatory potency and safety, with alkyne-functionalized peptides being more potent and less anaphylactogenic than aminooxy-functionalized peptides. Both SAgA variants significantly delayed anaphylaxis compared to their respective free peptides. The anaphylaxis, which occurred in NOD mice but not in C57BL/6 mice, was dose-dependent but did not correlate with the production of IgG1 or IgE against the peptides. We provide evidence that SAgAs significantly improve the efficacy and safety of peptide-based immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebuma Firdessa-Fite
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine and Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University Medical Center, 650 West 168 St, New York, NY 10032
| | - Stephanie N. Johnson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, 2095 Constant Avenue, Lawrence, KS 66047
| | - Martin A. Leon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, KS 66045
| | - Joshua O. Sestak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, 2095 Constant Avenue, Lawrence, KS 66047
| | - Cory Berkland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, 2095 Constant Avenue, Lawrence, KS 66047
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas,1530 West 15 Street, Lawrence, KS 66045
| | - Remi J. Creusot
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine and Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University Medical Center, 650 West 168 St, New York, NY 10032
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Russell WE, Bundy BN, Anderson MS, Cooney LA, Gitelman SE, Goland RS, Gottlieb PA, Greenbaum CJ, Haller MJ, Krischer JP, Libman IM, Linsley PS, Long SA, Lord SM, Moore DJ, Moore WV, Moran AM, Muir AB, Raskin P, Skyler JS, Wentworth JM, Wherrett DK, Wilson DM, Ziegler AG, Herold KC. Abatacept for Delay of Type 1 Diabetes Progression in Stage 1 Relatives at Risk: A Randomized, Double-Masked, Controlled Trial. Diabetes Care 2023; 46:1005-1013. [PMID: 36920087 PMCID: PMC10154649 DOI: 10.2337/dc22-2200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies showed that inhibiting lymphocyte costimulation reduces declining β-cell function in individuals newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. We tested whether abatacept would delay or prevent progression of type 1 diabetes from normal glucose tolerance (NGT) to abnormal glucose tolerance (AGT) or to diabetes and the effects of treatment on immune and metabolic responses. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We conducted a phase 2, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-masked trial of abatacept in antibody-positive participants with NGT who received monthly abatacept/placebo infusions for 12 months. The end point was AGT or diabetes, assessed by oral glucose tolerance tests. RESULTS A total of 101 participants received abatacept and 111 placebo. Of these, 81 (35 abatacept and 46 placebo) met the end point of AGT or type 1 diabetes diagnosis (hazard ratio 0.702; 95% CI 0.452, 1.09; P = 0.11) The C-peptide responses to oral glucose tolerance tests were higher in the abatacept arm (P < 0.03). Abatacept reduced the frequency of inducible T-cell costimulatory (ICOS)+ PD1+ T-follicular helper (Tfh) cells during treatment (P < 0.0001), increased naive CD4+ T cells, and also reduced the frequency of CD4+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) from the baseline (P = 0.0067). Twelve months after treatment, the frequency of ICOS+ Tfh, naive CD4+ T cells, and Tregs returned to baseline. CONCLUSIONS Although abatacept treatment for 1 year did not significantly delay progression to glucose intolerance in at-risk individuals, it impacted immune cell subsets and preserved insulin secretion, suggesting that costimulation blockade may modify progression of type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- William E. Russell
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cell & Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Brian N. Bundy
- Health Informatics Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - Mark S. Anderson
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Immune Tolerance Network, Seattle, WA
| | | | | | - Robin S. Goland
- Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Daniel J. Moore
- Departments of Pediatrics and Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | | | | | | | | | - Jay S. Skyler
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - John M. Wentworth
- Royal Melbourne Hospital and The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Diane K. Wherrett
- Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Anette-Gabriele Ziegler
- Forschergruppe Diabetes, Technical University Munich at Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Munich, German Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
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Wu J, Atkins A, Downes M, Wei Z. Vitamin D in Diabetes: Uncovering the Sunshine Hormone's Role in Glucose Metabolism and Beyond. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081997. [PMID: 37111216 PMCID: PMC10142687 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last decades, epidemiology and functional studies have started to reveal a pivotal role of vitamin D in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes pathogenesis. Acting through the vitamin D receptor (VDR), vitamin D regulates insulin secretion in pancreatic islets and insulin sensitivity in multiple peripheral metabolic organs. In vitro studies and both T1D and T2D animal models showed that vitamin D can improve glucose homeostasis by enhancing insulin secretion, reducing inflammation, reducing autoimmunity, preserving beta cell mass, and sensitizing insulin action. Conversely, vitamin D deficiency has been shown relevant in increasing T1D and T2D incidence. While clinical trials testing the hypothesis that vitamin D improves glycemia in T2D have shown conflicting results, subgroup and meta-analyses support the idea that raising serum vitamin D levels may reduce the progression from prediabetes to T2D. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms of vitamin D in insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity, and immunity, as well as the observational and interventional human studies investigating the use of vitamin D as a treatment for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wu
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
| | - Annette Atkins
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Michael Downes
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Zong Wei
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
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Wu T, Cai Z, Niu F, Qian B, Sun P, Yang N, Pang J, Mei H, Chang X, Chen F, Zhu Y, Li Y, Wu FG, Zhang Y, Lei T, Han X. Lentinan confers protection against type 1 diabetes by inducing regulatory T cell in spontaneous non-obese diabetic mice. Nutr Diabetes 2023; 13:4. [PMID: 37031163 PMCID: PMC10082833 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-023-00233-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lentinan (LNT) is a complex fungal component that possesses effective antitumor and immunostimulating properties. However, there is a paucity of studies regarding the effects and mechanisms of LNT on type 1 diabetes. OBJECTIVE In the current study, we investigated whether an intraperitoneal injection of LNT can diminish the risk of developing type 1 diabetes (T1D) in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice and further examined possible mechanisms of LNT's effects. METHODS Pre-diabetic female NOD mice 8 weeks of age, NOD mice with 140-160 mg/dL, 200-230 mg/dL or 350-450 mg/dL blood glucose levels were randomly divided into two groups and intraperitoneally injected with 5 mg/kg LNT or PBS every other day. Then, blood sugar levels, pancreas slices, spleen, PnLN and pancreas cells from treatment mice were examined. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that low-dosage injections (5 mg/kg) of LNT significantly suppressed immunopathology in mice with autoimmune diabetes but increased the Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Treg cells) proportion in mice. LNT treatment induced the production of Tregs in the spleen and PnLN cells of NOD mice in vitro. Furthermore, the adoptive transfer of Treg cells extracted from LNT-treated NOD mice confirmed that LNT induced Treg function in vivo and revealed an enhanced suppressive capacity as compared to the Tregs isolated from the control group. CONCLUSION LNT was capable of stimulating the production of Treg cells from naive CD4 + T cells, which implies that LNT exhibits therapeutic values as a tolerogenic adjuvant and may be used to reverse hyperglycaemia in the early and late stages of T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tijun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Zhi Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Fandi Niu
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Bin Qian
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 2111198, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Nan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Jing Pang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Hongliang Mei
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Xiaoai Chang
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yunxia Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yating Li
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Fu-Gen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Yaqin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
| | - Ting Lei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Xiao Han
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
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Stadinski BD, Cleveland SB, Brehm MA, Greiner DL, Huseby PG, Huseby ES. I-A g7 β56/57 polymorphisms regulate non-cognate negative selection to CD4 + T cell orchestrators of type 1 diabetes. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:652-663. [PMID: 36807641 PMCID: PMC10623581 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01441-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Genetic susceptibility to type 1 diabetes is associated with homozygous expression of major histocompatibility complex class II alleles that carry specific beta chain polymorphisms. Why heterozygous expression of these major histocompatibility complex class II alleles does not confer a similar predisposition is unresolved. Using a nonobese diabetic mouse model, here we show that heterozygous expression of the type 1 diabetes-protective allele I-Ag7 β56P/57D induces negative selection to the I-Ag7-restricted T cell repertoire, including beta-islet-specific CD4+ T cells. Surprisingly, negative selection occurs despite I-Ag7 β56P/57D having a reduced ability to present beta-islet antigens to CD4+ T cells. Peripheral manifestations of non-cognate negative selection include a near complete loss of beta-islet-specific CXCR6+ CD4+ T cells, an inability to cross-prime islet-specific glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit-related protein and insulin-specific CD8+ T cells and disease arrest at the insulitis stage. These data reveal that negative selection on non-cognate self-antigens in the thymus can promote T cell tolerance and protection from autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D Stadinski
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Sarah B Cleveland
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Michael A Brehm
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Dale L Greiner
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Priya G Huseby
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Eric S Huseby
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
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Bao L, Jin Y, Han J, Wang W, Qian L, Wu W. Berberine Regulates GPX4 to Inhibit Ferroptosis of Islet β Cells. PLANTA MEDICA 2023; 89:254-261. [PMID: 36351441 DOI: 10.1055/a-1939-7417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis, as a kind of non-apoptotic cell death, is involved in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Islet B cells mainly produce insulin that is used to treat diabetes. Berberine (BBR) can ameliorate type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance in many ways. However, a few clues concerning the mechanism of BBR regulating ferroptosis of islet β cells in T1DM have been detected so far. We measured the effects of BBR and GPX4 on islet β cell viability and proliferation by MTT and colony formation assays. Western blot and qRT-PCR were utilized to examine GPX4 expression in islet β cells with distinct treatments. The influence of BBR and GPX4 on ferroptosis of islet β cells was investigated by evaluating the content of Fe2+ and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells. The mechanism of BBR targeting GPX4 to inhibit ferroptosis of islet β cells was further revealed by the rescue experiment. Our results showed that BBR and overexpression of GPX4 could notably accelerate cell viability and the proliferative abilities of islet β cells. Moreover, BBR stimulated GPX4 expression to reduce the content of Fe2+ and ROS, thereby repressing the ferroptosis of islet β cells, which functioned similarly as ferroptosis inhibitor Fer-1. In conclusion, BBR suppressed ferroptosis of islet β cells via promoting GPX4 expression, providing new insights into the mechanism of BBR for islet β cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Bao
- Department of Endocrinology, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Changshu, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yixuan Jin
- Department of Endocrinology, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Changshu, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jiani Han
- Department of Endocrinology, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Changshu, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wanqiu Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Changshu, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lingling Qian
- Department of Endocrinology, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Changshu, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Weiming Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Changshu, Jiangsu Province, China
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Lichti CF, Wan X. Using mass spectrometry to identify neoantigens in autoimmune diseases: The type 1 diabetes example. Semin Immunol 2023; 66:101730. [PMID: 36827760 PMCID: PMC10324092 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
In autoimmune diseases, recognition of self-antigens presented by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules elicits unexpected attack of tissue by autoantibodies and/or autoreactive T cells. Post-translational modification (PTM) may alter the MHC-binding motif or TCR contact residues in a peptide antigen, transforming the tolerance to self to autoreactivity. Mass spectrometry-based immunopeptidomics provides a valuable mechanism for identifying MHC ligands that contain PTMs and can thus provide valuable insights into pathogenesis and therapeutics of autoimmune diseases. A plethora of PTMs have been implicated in this process, and this review highlights their formation and identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl F Lichti
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Immunobiology, The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, Campus Box 8118, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Xiaoxiao Wan
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Immunobiology, The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, Campus Box 8118, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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Sanganalmath SK, Dubey S, Veeranki S, Narisetty K, Krishnamurthy P. The interplay of inflammation, exosomes and Ca 2+ dynamics in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2023; 22:37. [PMID: 36804872 PMCID: PMC9942322 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-023-01755-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is one of the prime risk factors for cardiovascular complications and is linked with high morbidity and mortality. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) often manifests as reduced cardiac contractility, myocardial fibrosis, diastolic dysfunction, and chronic heart failure. Inflammation, changes in calcium (Ca2+) handling and cardiomyocyte loss are often implicated in the development and progression of DCM. Although the existence of DCM was established nearly four decades ago, the exact mechanisms underlying this disease pathophysiology is constantly evolving. Furthermore, the complex pathophysiology of DCM is linked with exosomes, which has recently shown to facilitate intercellular (cell-to-cell) communication through biomolecules such as micro RNA (miRNA), proteins, enzymes, cell surface receptors, growth factors, cytokines, and lipids. Inflammatory response and Ca2+ signaling are interrelated and DCM has been known to adversely affect many of these signaling molecules either qualitatively and/or quantitatively. In this literature review, we have demonstrated that Ca2+ regulators are tightly controlled at different molecular and cellular levels during various biological processes in the heart. Inflammatory mediators, miRNA and exosomes are shown to interact with these regulators, however how these mediators are linked to Ca2+ handling during DCM pathogenesis remains elusive. Thus, further investigations are needed to understand the mechanisms to restore cardiac Ca2+ homeostasis and function, and to serve as potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh K Sanganalmath
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas School of Medicine, Las Vegas, NV, 89102, USA.
| | - Shubham Dubey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, University Blvd., Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Sudhakar Veeranki
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | | | - Prasanna Krishnamurthy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, University Blvd., Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
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Zhang Y, Lu Y, Gao Y, Liang X, Zhang R, Wang X, Zou X, Yang W. Effects of Aire on perforin expression in BMDCs via TLR7/8 and its therapeutic effect on type 1 diabetes. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 117:109890. [PMID: 36805202 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Type 1 diabetes, as a kind of autoimmune diseases, usually results from the broken-down of self-tolerance. Autoimmune regulator (Aire), as a transcription factor, induces peripheral tolerance by regulating Toll-like receptor (TLR) expression in dendritic cells (DCs). Several studies have recently identified a small population of perforin-expressing DCs, which is an important population of tolerogenic DCs (tolDCs) that restricts autoreactive T cells in vivo through a perforin-mediated mechanism. Thus, the present study explored the specific relationship among Aire, perforin-expressing DCs and immune tolerance, as well as their roles in type 1 diabetes. METHODS We conducted studies based on the Aire-overexpressing bone marrow-derived dendritic cell (BMDC) model. And through in vitro and in vivo experiments to observe that Aire-overexpressing BMDCs which express perforin induce immune tolerance and treat type 1 diabetes via TLR7/8. RESULTS Aire enhances the expression of perforin in BMDCs after treatment with the TLR7/8 ligand as well as promotes the expression of TLR7/8 and myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88)-dependent pathway molecules. Aire-overexpressing BMDCs mediate apoptosis of allogeneic CD8+ T cells via perforin in vitro. Moreover, Aire-overexpressing BMDCs enhance the therapeutic effect of type 1 diabetes in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice via perforin and induce apoptosis of autoreactive CD8+ T cells in vivo. CONCLUSIONS These results provide an experimental basis for comprehensively elucidating the role and significance of Aire expression in peripheral DCs, thereby providing new ideas for the treatment of autoimmune diseases by using Aire as a target to induce the production of perforin-expressing DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yaoping Lu
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaojing Liang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Rongchao Zhang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoya Wang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xueyang Zou
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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Yang L, Huang C, Zhao M, Lee PMY, Zhang C, Yu Y, Xi B, Li J. Maternal hypertensive disorders during pregnancy and the risk of offspring diabetes mellitus in childhood, adolescence, and early adulthood: a nationwide population-based cohort study. BMC Med 2023; 21:59. [PMID: 36797785 PMCID: PMC9933265 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-02762-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal hypertensive disorders during pregnancy (HDP) have been suggested to contribute to the development of offspring cardiovascular disease later in life, but empirical evidence remains inconsistent. This study was aimed to assess the association of maternal overall and type-specific HDPs with diabetes in offspring from childhood to early adulthood. METHODS Using Danish national health registers, a total of 2,448,753 individuals born in Denmark from 1978 to 2018 were included in this study. Maternal HDP included chronic hypertension, gestational hypertension, and preeclampsia. The outcome of interest was diabetes in offspring (including type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes). The follow-up of offspring started at birth and ended at the first diagnosis of diabetes, emigration from Denmark, death, or time end on 31 December 2018, whichever came first. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to evaluate the hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the association between maternal HDP and diabetes (including type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes) in offspring from birth to young adulthood (up to 41 years), with the offspring's age as the time scale. RESULTS During a follow-up of up to 41 (median: 19.3) years, 1247 offspring born to mothers with HDP and 23,645 offspring born to mothers without HDP were diagnosed with diabetes. Compared with offspring born to mothers without HDP, those born to mothers with HDP had an increased risk for overall diabetes (HR=1.27, 95% CI=1.20-1.34), as well as for type 2 diabetes (HR=1.57, 95% CI=1.38-1.78) and gestational diabetes (HR=1.37, 95% CI=1.25-1.49). We did not observe obvious increased risk for type 1 diabetes (HR=1.08, 95% CI=0.98-1.18). Offspring of mothers with gestational hypertension (HR=1.37, 95% CI=1.00-1.88) or preeclampsia (HR=1.62, 95% CI=1.41-1.87) had higher risks of type 2 diabetes. The strongest association was observed for severe preeclampsia, with a 2-fold risk of type 2 diabetes (HR=2.00, 95% CI=1.42-2.82). The association between maternal HDP and type 1 diabetes did not reach statistical significance, except for maternal gestational hypertension (HR=1.41, 95%CI=1.17-1.71). In addition, we found that offspring born to mothers with any subtypes of maternal HDP had higher risk of gestational diabetes, and the corresponding HRs (95%CIs) for chronic hypertension, gestational hypertension, and preeclampsia were 1.60 (1.06-2.41), 1.29 (1.04-1.59), and 1.38 (1.24-1.53), respectively. We also observed stronger associations among offspring of mothers with HDP and comorbid diabetes (HR=4.64, 95%CI=3.85-5.60) than offspring of mothers with HDP or diabetes alone. CONCLUSIONS Offspring of mothers with HDP, especially mothers with comorbid diabetes, had an increased risk of diabetes later in their life. Our findings suggest that timely and effective prevention of HDP in women of childbearing age should be taken into consideration as diabetes prevention and control strategies for their generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chen Huang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, and The Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Priscilla M Y Lee
- Department of Clinical Medicine - Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yongfu Yu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, and The Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai, China.
| | - Bo Xi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Jiong Li
- Department of Clinical Medicine - Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Parlar Köprülü RE. How to create an experimental diabetes mellitus model? PHARMACIA 2023. [DOI: 10.3897/pharmacia.70.e96028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia. Early treatment is very important in terms of preventing diabetes-related late complications with high treatment costs and increasing the patient’s quality of life. In addition to investigating the pathophysiology of the disease studied, animal experiments pave the way for new approaches in treatments. Although there are many methods that can be used when creating a diabetes model, induction of diabetes with alloxan and streptozotocin are the most preferred ones. The aim of this article is to review the available information on diabetes-related methods, common problems and solutions, with known mechanisms of action, dose and time-determined methods.
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Taguchi M, Ihana‐Sugiyama N, Shiojiri D, Izumi K, Kobayashi M, Kodani N, Bouchi R, Ohsugi M, Tanabe A, Ueki K, Kajio H. New-onset type 1 diabetes and Graves' disease after antiretroviral therapy in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus infection. J Diabetes Investig 2023; 14:489-493. [PMID: 36625362 PMCID: PMC9951569 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection receiving antiretroviral therapy can develop autoimmune diseases, referred to as immune-inflammatory reconstitution syndrome. Nevertheless, only a few reports on the onset of type 1 diabetes as immune-inflammatory reconstitution syndrome are available. A 40-year-old Japanese man with HIV infection was initiated with antiretroviral therapy at the age of 29 years. He developed Graves' disease at 35 years and diabetes, with a hemoglobin A1c of 6.5%, and maintained insulin secretion at 38 years. His antiglutamic acid decarboxylase antibody level was >2,000 U/mL, and he was diagnosed with slowly progressive type 1 diabetes. At the age of 40 years, he was admitted to our hospital with diabetic ketosis. We retrospectively assayed his stored plasma samples for thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor antibody and antiglutamic acid decarboxylase antibody, which showed positive conversion after initiating antiretroviral therapy, suggesting that Graves' disease and type 1 diabetes developed as a probable result of immune-inflammatory reconstitution syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maho Taguchi
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and MetabolismCenter Hospital, National Center for Global Health and MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Noriko Ihana‐Sugiyama
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and MetabolismCenter Hospital, National Center for Global Health and MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Daisuke Shiojiri
- AIDS Clinical CenterNational Center for Global Health and MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Kazuo Izumi
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and MetabolismCenter Hospital, National Center for Global Health and MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Michi Kobayashi
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and MetabolismCenter Hospital, National Center for Global Health and MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Noriko Kodani
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and MetabolismCenter Hospital, National Center for Global Health and MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Ryotaro Bouchi
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and MetabolismCenter Hospital, National Center for Global Health and MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Mitsuru Ohsugi
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and MetabolismCenter Hospital, National Center for Global Health and MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Akiyo Tanabe
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and MetabolismCenter Hospital, National Center for Global Health and MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Kohjiro Ueki
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and MetabolismCenter Hospital, National Center for Global Health and MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Hiroshi Kajio
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and MetabolismCenter Hospital, National Center for Global Health and MedicineTokyoJapan
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Wang L, Li X, Yang S, Chen X, Li J, Wang S, Zhang M, Zheng Z, Zhou J, Wang L, Wu Y. Proteomic identification of MHC class I-associated peptidome derived from non-obese diabetic mouse thymus and pancreas. J Proteomics 2023; 270:104746. [PMID: 36210013 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2022.104746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The peptides repertoire presented to CD8+ T cells by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules is referred to as the MHC I-associated peptidome (MIP), which regulates thymus development, peripheral survival and function during lifetime of CD8+ T cells. Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an organ-specific autoimmune disease caused by pancreatic β cells destruction mediated primarily by autoreactive CD8+ T cells. Non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse is an important animal model of T1D. Here, we deeply analyzed the MIP derived from NOD mice thymus and pancreas, and demonstrated that the thymus MIP source proteins partially shared with the MIP source proteins derived from NOD mice pancreas and β cell line. One H-2Kd restricted peptide SLC35B126-34 which was shared by MIP derived from both NOD mice pancreatic tissues and islet β-cell line, but absent in MIP from NOD thymus tissues, showed ability to stimulate IFN-γ secretion and proliferation of NOD mice splenic CD8+ T cells. The global view of the MHC I-associated self-peptides repertoire in the thymus and pancreas of NOD mice may serve as a biological reference to identify potential autoantigens targeted by autoreactive CD8+ T cells in T1D. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD031966. SIGNIFICANCE: The peptides repertoire presented to CD8+ T cells by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules is referred to as the MHC I-associated peptidome (MIP). The MIP presented by thymic antigen presenting cells (APCs) is crucial for shaping CD8+ T cell repertoire and self-tolerance, while the MIP presented by peripheral tissues and organs is not only involved in maintaining periphery CD8+ T cell survival and homeostasis, but also mediates immune surveillance and autoimmune responses of CD8+ T cells under pathological conditions. Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an organ-specific autoimmune disease caused by the destruction of pancreatic β cells, mediated primarily by autoreactive CD8+ T cells. Non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse is one of important animal models of spontaneous autoimmune diabetes that shares several key features with human T1D. The global view of the MHC I-associated self-peptides repertoire in the thymus and pancreas of NOD mice may serve as a good biological reference to identify potential autoantigens targeted by autoreactive CD8+ T cells in T1D. It has great significance for further clarifying the immune recognition and effect mechanism of autoreactive CD8+ T cells in the pathogenesis of T1D, and then developing antigen-specific immune intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Wang
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China; Institute of Immunology PLA & Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China; Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Xiangqian Li
- Institute of Immunology PLA & Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Shushu Yang
- Institute of Immunology PLA & Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xiaoling Chen
- Institute of Immunology PLA & Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jie Li
- Institute of Immunology PLA & Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Shufeng Wang
- Institute of Immunology PLA & Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Mengjun Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Zhengni Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Li Wang
- Institute of Immunology PLA & Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Yuzhang Wu
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China; Institute of Immunology PLA & Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.
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48
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Park WY, Kim J, Le H, Kim B, Berggren PO, Kim KH. Longitudinal monitoring of pancreatic islet damage in streptozotocin-treated mice with optical coherence microscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:54-64. [PMID: 36698658 PMCID: PMC9841987 DOI: 10.1364/boe.470188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic islets regulate glucose homeostasis in the body, and their dysfunction is closely related to diabetes. Islet transplantation into the anterior chamber of the eye (ACE) was recently developed for both in vivo islet study and diabetes treatment. Optical coherence microscopy (OCM) was previously used to monitor ACE transplanted islets in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice for detecting autoimmune attack. In this study, OCM was applied to streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mouse models for the early detection of islet damage. A custom extended-focus OCM (xfOCM) was used to image islet grafts in the ACE longitudinally during STZ-induced beta cell destruction together with conventional bright-field (BF) imaging and invasive glucose level measurement. xfOCM detected local structural changes and vascular degradation during the islet damage which was confirmed by confocal imaging of extracted islet grafts. xfOCM detection of islet damage was more sensitive than BF imaging and glucose measurement. Longitudinal xfOCM images of islet grafts were quantitatively analyzed. All these results showed that xfOCM could be used as a non-invasive and sensitive monitoring method for the early detection of deficient islet grafts in the ACE with potential applications to human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Yeong Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyoon Kim
- Division of Integrative Biosciences & Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoan Le
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumju Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Per-Olof Berggren
- Division of Integrative Biosciences & Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ki Hean Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
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Syed F, Singhal D, Raedschelders K, Krishnan P, Bone RN, McLaughlin MR, Van Eyk JE, Mirmira RG, Yang ML, Mamula MJ, Wu H, Liu X, Evans-Molina C. A discovery-based proteomics approach identifies protein disulphide isomerase (PDIA1) as a biomarker of β cell stress in type 1 diabetes. EBioMedicine 2023; 87:104379. [PMID: 36463755 PMCID: PMC9719098 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress responses within the β cell have been linked with both increased β cell death and accelerated immune activation in type 1 diabetes (T1D). At present, information on the timing and scope of these responses as well as disease-related changes in islet β cell protein expression during T1D development is lacking. METHODS Data independent acquisition-mass spectrometry was performed on islets collected longitudinally from NOD mice and NOD-SCID mice rendered diabetic through T cell adoptive transfer. FINDINGS In islets collected from female NOD mice at 10, 12, and 14 weeks of age, we found a time-restricted upregulation of proteins involved in stress mitigation and maintenance of β cell function, followed by loss of expression of protective proteins that heralded diabetes onset. EIF2 signalling and the unfolded protein response, mTOR signalling, mitochondrial function, and oxidative phosphorylation were commonly modulated pathways in both NOD mice and NOD-SCID mice rendered acutely diabetic by T cell adoptive transfer. Protein disulphide isomerase A1 (PDIA1) was upregulated in NOD islets and pancreatic sections from human organ donors with autoantibody positivity or T1D. Moreover, PDIA1 plasma levels were increased in pre-diabetic NOD mice and in the serum of children with recent-onset T1D compared to non-diabetic controls. INTERPRETATION We identified a core set of modulated pathways across distinct mouse models of T1D and identified PDIA1 as a potential human biomarker of β cell stress in T1D. FUNDING NIH (R01DK093954, DK127308, U01DK127786, UC4DK104166, R01DK060581, R01GM118470, and 5T32DK101001-09). VA Merit Award I01BX001733. JDRF (2-SRA-2019-834-S-B, 2-SRA-2018-493-A-B, 3-PDF-20016-199-A-N, 5-CDA-2022-1176-A-N, and 3-PDF-2017-385-A-N).
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Affiliation(s)
- Farooq Syed
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN, USA, 46202; Department of Pediatrics and the Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W Walnut St, Indianapolis, IN, USA, 46202
| | - Divya Singhal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Alberta, Canada, T2N1N4
| | - Koen Raedschelders
- Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Precision Health, Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center at the Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 S. San Vicente Blvd., Suite A9227, Los Angeles, CA, USA, 90048
| | - Preethi Krishnan
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN, USA, 46202; Department of Pediatrics and the Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W Walnut St, Indianapolis, IN, USA, 46202
| | - Robert N Bone
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN, USA, 46202; Department of Pediatrics and the Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W Walnut St, Indianapolis, IN, USA, 46202
| | - Madeline R McLaughlin
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN, USA, 46202
| | - Jennifer E Van Eyk
- Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Precision Health, Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center at the Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 S. San Vicente Blvd., Suite A9227, Los Angeles, CA, USA, 90048
| | - Raghavendra G Mirmira
- Kovler Diabetes Center, University of Chicago, 900 E 57th St, Chicago, IL, USA, 60637
| | - Mei-Ling Yang
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, USA, 06510
| | - Mark J Mamula
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, USA, 06510
| | - Huanmei Wu
- Department of BioHealth Informatics, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, 535 W. Michigan Street, Indianapolis, IN, USA, 46202; Department of Health Services Administration and Policy, Temple University College of Public Health, 1101 W. Montgomery Ave, Philadelphia, PA, USA, 19122
| | - Xiaowen Liu
- Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, USA, 70112
| | - Carmella Evans-Molina
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN, USA, 46202; Department of Pediatrics and the Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W Walnut St, Indianapolis, IN, USA, 46202; Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, 340 W 10th St, Indianapolis, IN, USA, 46202; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Dr, Indianapolis, IN, USA, 46202; Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indiana University School of Informatics and Computing, 1481 W 10th St, Indianapolis, IN, USA, 46202.
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50
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Pancreatic Islet Cells Response to IFNγ Relies on Their Spatial Location within an Islet. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010113. [PMID: 36611907 PMCID: PMC9818682 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an auto-immune disease characterized by the progressive destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells. While beta cells are the target of the immune attack, the other islet endocrine cells, namely the alpha and delta cells, can also be affected by the inflammatory milieu. Here, using a flow cytometry-based strategy, we compared the impact of IFNγ, one of the main cytokines involved in T1D, on the three endocrine cell subsets isolated from C57BL/6 mouse islets. RNA-seq analyses revealed that alpha and delta cells exposed in vitro to IFNγ display a transcriptomic profile very similar to that of beta cells, with an increased expression of inflammation key genes such as MHC class I molecules, the CXCL10 chemokine and the programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), three hallmarks of IFNγ signaling. Interestingly, at low IFNγ concentration, we observed two beta cell populations (responders and non-responders) based on PD-L1 protein expression. Our data indicate that this differential sensitivity relies on the location of the cells within the islet rather than on the existence of two different beta cells subsets. The same findings were corroborated by the in vivo analysis of pancreatic islets from the non-obese diabetic mouse model of T1D, showing more intense PD-L1 staining on endocrine cells close to immune infiltrate. Collectively, our work demonstrates that alpha and delta cells are as sensitive as beta cells to IFNγ, and suggests a gradual diffusion of the cytokine into an islet. These observations provide novel insights into the in situ inflammatory processes occurring in T1D progression.
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