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Xu N, Tang D, Liu H, Liu M, Wen Z, Jiang T, Yu F. In Situ Visualizing Carboxylesterase Activity in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Using an Activatable Endoplasmic Reticulum Targetable Proximity Labeling Far-Red Fluorescent Probe. Anal Chem 2024; 96:10724-10731. [PMID: 38952276 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c01721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Carboxylesterase (CE), an enzyme widely present in organisms, is involved in various physiological and pathological processes. Changes in the levels of CEs in the liver may predict the presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Here, a novel dicyanoisophorone (DCI)-based proximity-labeled far-red fluorescent probe DCI2F-Ac with endoplasmic reticulum targeting was proposed for real-time monitoring and imaging of the CEs activity. DCI2F-Ac featured very low cytotoxicity and biotoxicity and was highly selective and sensitive for CEs. Compared with traditional CEs probes, DCI2F-Ac was covalently anchored directly to CEs, thus effectively reducing the loss of in situ fluorescent signals due to diffusion. Through the "on-off" fluorescence signal readout, DCI2F-Ac was able to distinguish cell lines and screen for CEs inhibitors. In terms of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, it was found that thapsigargin (Tg) induced upregulation of CEs levels but not tunicamycin (Tm), which was related to the calcium homeostasis of the ER. DCI2F-Ac could efficiently detect downregulated CEs in the livers of T2DM, and the therapeutic efficacy of metformin, acarbose, and a combination of these two drugs was assessed by tracking the fluctuation of CEs levels. The results showed that combining metformin and acarbose could restore CEs levels to near-normal levels with the best antidiabetic effect. Thus, the DCI2F-Ac probe provides a great opportunity to explore the untapped potential of CEs in liver metabolic disorders and drug efficacy assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningge Xu
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
- Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, Key Laboratory of Haikou Trauma, Engineering Research Center for Hainan Bio-Smart Materials and Bio-Medical Devices, School of Pharmacy, College of Emergency and Trauma, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Dandan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
- Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, Key Laboratory of Haikou Trauma, Engineering Research Center for Hainan Bio-Smart Materials and Bio-Medical Devices, School of Pharmacy, College of Emergency and Trauma, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Heng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
- Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, Key Laboratory of Haikou Trauma, Engineering Research Center for Hainan Bio-Smart Materials and Bio-Medical Devices, School of Pharmacy, College of Emergency and Trauma, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Mengyue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
- Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, Key Laboratory of Haikou Trauma, Engineering Research Center for Hainan Bio-Smart Materials and Bio-Medical Devices, School of Pharmacy, College of Emergency and Trauma, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Zheng Wen
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Tongmeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
- Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, Key Laboratory of Haikou Trauma, Engineering Research Center for Hainan Bio-Smart Materials and Bio-Medical Devices, School of Pharmacy, College of Emergency and Trauma, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Fabiao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
- Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, Key Laboratory of Haikou Trauma, Engineering Research Center for Hainan Bio-Smart Materials and Bio-Medical Devices, School of Pharmacy, College of Emergency and Trauma, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
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2
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Hammid A, Honkakoski P. Ocular Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes: Focus on Esterases. Drug Metab Rev 2024:1-23. [PMID: 38888291 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2024.2368247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Anam Hammid
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonrinne3, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Paavo Honkakoski
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonrinne3, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland
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3
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Giovanetti L, Caliani I, Damiani G, Dell'Omo G, Costantini D, Casini S. A blood-based multi-biomarker approach reveals different physiological responses of common kestrels to contrasting environments. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 251:118674. [PMID: 38492836 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
The increase of urbanization and agricultural activities is causing a dramatic reduction of natural environments. As a consequence, animals need to physiologically adjust to these novel environments, in order to exploit them for foraging and breeding. The aim of this work was to compare the physiological status among nestling common kestrels (Falco tinnunculus) that were raised in nest-boxes located in more natural, rural, or urban areas in a landscape with a mosaic of land uses around Rome in Central Italy. A blood-based multi-biomarker approach was applied to evaluate physiological responses at multiple levels, including antioxidant concentrations, immunological functions, genotoxicity, and neurotoxicity. We found lower concentrations of glutathione and GSH:GSSG ratio values and higher proportions of monocytes in urban birds compared to the other areas. We also found higher DNA damage in rural compared to urban and natural krestels and inhibition of butyrylcholinesterase activity in urban and natural birds compared to rural area. Finally, we found similar values among study areas for respiratory burst, complement system, bactericidal capacity, and plasma non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity. These results suggest that (i) city life does not necessarily cause physiological alterations in kestrels compared to life in other habitats, and (ii) environmental pressures are likely to differ in typology and intensity across habitats requiring specific responses that a multi-biomarker approach can help to detect. Further studies are needed to assess which factors are responsible for the physiological differences among city, rural, and natural birds, and whether these differences are consistent across time and space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Giovanetti
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Caliani
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy.
| | - Gianluca Damiani
- Ornis Italica, Piazza Crati 15, 00199, Rome, Italy; Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Largo Dell'Università s.n.c., 01100, Viterbo, Italy.
| | | | - David Costantini
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Largo Dell'Università s.n.c., 01100, Viterbo, Italy; Unité Physiologie Moléculaire et Adaptation, UMR7221 CNRS-Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 75005, Paris, France.
| | - Silvia Casini
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy.
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Kataoka M, Takenaka S, Fujii S, Masada T, Minami K, Takagi T, Omote M, Kawai K, Yamashita S. In vitro demonstration of antedrug mechanism of a pharmacokinetic booster to improve CYP3A4 substrates by CYP3A4-mediated metabolism inhibition. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2024; 56:101005. [PMID: 38663182 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2024.101005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
We previously reported novel benzyl-ether derivatives with an imidazole ring and a hydroxyl group (A-01) or carboxyl group (B-01) and esters (2 esters of A-01, and 7 esters of B-01) as pharmacokinetics (PK) boosters. This study demonstrates how these ester compounds embody the concept of a safe pharmacokinetic booster, with potent and transient inhibition of CYP3A4-mediated drug metabolism. As a model CYP3A4 substrate and CYP3A4 enzyme, midazolam (MDZ) and rat liver microsomes were used. A-01 inhibited MDZ metabolism significantly, while B-01 induced only slight inhibition. Although rat liver microsomes hydrolyzed the ester compounds over time, several ester compounds strongly inhibited MDZ metabolism. Due to the significant activity of A-01, A-01 esters affected MDZ metabolism, irrespective of hydrolysis state. Time-dependent inhibition evaluation indicated that the B-01 ester inhibition is not mechanism-based, as hydrolysis eliminated MDZ metabolism inhibition. We report that the B-01 esters significantly inhibit CYP3A4-mediated drug metabolism, and upon hydrolysis this property is eliminated. In conclusion, B-01 ester compounds may be safe PK boosters with antedrug characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Kataoka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-0101, Japan.
| | - Sae Takenaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-0101, Japan
| | - Shota Fujii
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-0101, Japan
| | - Takato Masada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-0101, Japan
| | - Keiko Minami
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-0101, Japan
| | - Toshihide Takagi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-0101, Japan
| | - Masaaki Omote
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-0101, Japan
| | - Kentaro Kawai
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-0101, Japan.
| | - Shinji Yamashita
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-0101, Japan
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5
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Holland R, Lam K, Jeng S, McClintock K, Palmer L, Schreiner P, Wood M, Zhao W, Heyes J. Silicon Ether Ionizable Lipids Enable Potent mRNA Lipid Nanoparticles with Rapid Tissue Clearance. ACS NANO 2024; 18:10374-10387. [PMID: 38567845 PMCID: PMC11025127 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c09028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
The advent of mRNA for nucleic acid (NA) therapeutics has unlocked many diverse areas of research and clinical investigation. However, the shorter intracellular half-life of mRNA compared with other NAs may necessitate more frequent dosing regimens. Because lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are the principal delivery system used for mRNA, this could lead to tolerability challenges associated with an accumulated lipid burden. This can be addressed by introducing enzymatically cleaved carboxylic esters into the hydrophobic domains of lipid components, notably, the ionizable lipid. However, enzymatic activity can vary significantly with age, disease state, and species, potentially limiting the application in humans. Here we report an alternative approach to ionizable lipid degradability that relies on nonenzymatic hydrolysis, leading to a controlled and highly efficient lipid clearance profile. We identify highly potent examples and demonstrate their exceptional tolerability in multiple preclinical species, including multidosing in nonhuman primates (NHP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Holland
- Genevant
Science Corporation, Unit 155-887 Great Northern Way, Vancouver, British Columbia V5T 4T5, Canada
| | - Kieu Lam
- Genevant
Science Corporation, Unit 155-887 Great Northern Way, Vancouver, British Columbia V5T 4T5, Canada
| | - Sunny Jeng
- Genevant
Science Corporation, Unit 155-887 Great Northern Way, Vancouver, British Columbia V5T 4T5, Canada
| | - Kevin McClintock
- Genevant
Science Corporation, Unit 155-887 Great Northern Way, Vancouver, British Columbia V5T 4T5, Canada
| | - Lorne Palmer
- Genevant
Science Corporation, Unit 155-887 Great Northern Way, Vancouver, British Columbia V5T 4T5, Canada
| | - Petra Schreiner
- Genevant
Science Corporation, Unit 155-887 Great Northern Way, Vancouver, British Columbia V5T 4T5, Canada
| | - Mark Wood
- Genevant
Science Corporation, Unit 155-887 Great Northern Way, Vancouver, British Columbia V5T 4T5, Canada
| | - Wenchen Zhao
- Genevant
Science Corporation, Unit 155-887 Great Northern Way, Vancouver, British Columbia V5T 4T5, Canada
| | - James Heyes
- Genevant
Science Corporation, Unit 155-887 Great Northern Way, Vancouver, British Columbia V5T 4T5, Canada
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6
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Longoni V, Kandel Gambarte PC, Rueda L, Fuchs JS, Rovedatti MG, Wolansky MJ. Long-lasting developmental effects in rat offspring after maternal exposure to acetamiprid in the drinking water during gestation. Toxicol Sci 2024; 198:61-75. [PMID: 38011675 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfad122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Neonicotinoids (NNTs) are a class of insecticides proposed to be safe for pest control in urban, suburban, and agricultural applications. However, little is known about their developmental effects after repeated low-dose exposures during gestation. Here, we tested a dose considered subthreshold for maternal toxicity in rats (6 mg/kg/day) by assessing several morphological, biochemical, and neurobehavioral features in preterm fetuses and developing pups after maternal administration of the NTT acetamiprid (ACP) dissolved in the drinking water during gestational days (GD) 2-19. The exploratory evaluation included monitoring maternal body weight gain, fetal viability, body weight and sex ratio, cephalic length, neonatal body weight and sex ratio, metabolic enzymes in the placenta, maternal blood and fetal liver, and anogenital distance and surface righting response during infancy. We also used the circling training test to study the integrity of the associative-spatial-motor response in adolescence. Results showed no consistent findings indicating maternal, reproductive or developmental toxicity. However, we found ACP effects on maternal body weight gain, placental butyrylcholinesterase activity, and neurobehavioral responses, suggestive of a mild toxic action. Thus, our study showed a trend for developmental susceptibility at a dose so far considered subtoxic. Although the ACP concentration in environmental samples of surface water and groundwater has been mostly reported to be much lower than that used in our study, our results suggest that the ACP point of departure used in current guidelines aimed to prevent developmental effects may need to be verified by complementary sensitive multiple-endpoint testing in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Longoni
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEyN), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
| | - Paula Cristina Kandel Gambarte
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN-CONICET) and FCEyN, UBA, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
| | - Lis Rueda
- FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
| | - Julio Silvio Fuchs
- Instituto IQUIBICEN-CONICET and Departamento Química Biológica, FCEyN, UBA, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
| | - María Gabriela Rovedatti
- Departamentos Química Biológica and Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, IQUIBICEN-CONICET, FCEyN, UBA, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
| | - Marcelo Javier Wolansky
- Departamento Química Biológica, IQUIBICEN-CONICET, FCEyN, UBA, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
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7
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McCarty KD, Tateishi Y, Hargrove TY, Lepesheva GI, Guengerich FP. Oxygen-18 Labeling Reveals a Mixed Fe-O Mechanism in the Last Step of Cytochrome P450 51 Sterol 14α-Demethylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317711. [PMID: 38206808 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
The 14α-demethylation step is critical in eukaryotic sterol biosynthesis, catalyzed by cytochrome P450 (P450) Family 51 enzymes, for example, with lanosterol in mammals. This conserved three-step reaction terminates in a C-C cleavage step that generates formic acid, the nature of which has been controversial. Proposed mechanisms involve roles of P450 Compound 0 (ferric peroxide anion, FeO2 - ) or Compound I (perferryl oxygen, FeO3+ ) reacting with either the aldehyde or its hydrate, respectively. Analysis of 18 O incorporation into formic acid from 18 O2 provides a means of distinguishing the two mechanisms. Human P450 51A1 incorporated 88 % 18 O (one atom) into formic acid, consistent with a major but not exclusive FeO2 - mechanism. Two P450 51 orthologs from amoeba and yeast showed similar results, while two orthologs from pathogenic trypanosomes showed roughly equal contributions of both mechanisms. An X-ray crystal structure of the human enzyme showed the aldehyde oxygen atom 3.5 Å away from the heme iron atom. Experiments with human P450 51A1 and H2 18 O yielded primarily one 18 O atom but 14 % of the formic acid product with two 18 O atoms, indicative of a minor contribution of a Compound I mechanism. LC-MS evidence for a Compound 0-derived Baeyer-Villiger reaction product (a 14α-formyl ester) was also found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D McCarty
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-0146, USA
| | - Yasuhiro Tateishi
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-0146, USA
| | - Tatiana Y Hargrove
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-0146, USA
| | - Galina I Lepesheva
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-0146, USA
| | - F Peter Guengerich
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-0146, USA
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Baby SM, May WJ, Young AP, Wilson CG, Getsy PM, Coffee GA, Lewis THJ, Hsieh YH, Bates JN, Lewis SJ. L-cysteine ethylester reverses the adverse effects of morphine on breathing and arterial blood-gas chemistry while minimally affecting antinociception in unanesthetized rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 171:116081. [PMID: 38219385 PMCID: PMC10922989 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.116081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
L-cysteine ethylester (L-CYSee) is a membrane-permeable analogue of L-cysteine with a variety of pharmacological effects. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of L-CYSee on morphine-induced changes in ventilation, arterial-blood gas (ABG) chemistry, Alveolar-arterial (A-a) gradient (i.e., a measure of the index of alveolar gas-exchange), antinociception and sedation in male Sprague Dawley rats. An injection of morphine (10 mg/kg, IV) produced adverse effects on breathing, including sustained decreases in minute ventilation. L-CYSee (500 μmol/kg, IV) given 15 min later immediately reversed the actions of morphine. Another injection of L-CYSee (500 μmol/kg, IV) after 15 min elicited more pronounced excitatory ventilatory responses. L-CYSee (250 or 500 μmol/kg, IV) elicited a rapid and prolonged reversal of the actions of morphine (10 mg/kg, IV) on ABG chemistry (pH, pCO2, pO2, sO2) and A-a gradient. L-serine ethylester (an oxygen atom replaces the sulfur; 500 μmol/kg, IV), was ineffective in all studies. L-CYSee (500 μmol/kg, IV) did not alter morphine (10 mg/kg, IV)-induced sedation, but slightly reduced the overall duration of morphine (5 or 10 mg/kg, IV)-induced analgesia. In summary, L-CYSee rapidly overcame the effects of morphine on breathing and alveolar gas-exchange, while not affecting morphine sedation or early-stage analgesia. The mechanisms by which L-CYSee modulates morphine depression of breathing are unknown, but appear to require thiol-dependent processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santhosh M Baby
- Department of Drug Discovery, Galleon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Horsham, PA, USA
| | - Walter J May
- Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Alex P Young
- Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Christopher G Wilson
- Basic Sciences, Division of Physiology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, USA
| | - Paulina M Getsy
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Gregory A Coffee
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Yee-Hee Hsieh
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - James N Bates
- Department of Anesthesia, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Stephen J Lewis
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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Zhang B, Qin S, Wang N, Lu X, Jiao J, Zhang J, Zhao W. Diketopyrrolopyrrole-based fluorescent probe for visualizing over-expressed carboxylesterase in fever via ratiometric imaging. Talanta 2024; 266:124971. [PMID: 37480822 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Fever is the result of inflammation and the innate self-defense response of organisms, can cause abnormal changes in the activity of many enzymes in organisms, including the important carboxylesterase (CE). Monitoring the activity changes of CE in vivo during a fever will help to understand heat-related pathological mechanisms. In this paper, we designed diketopyrrolopyrrole-based ratiometric fluorescent probes DPP-FBC-P and DPP-FBO-P containing alkyl chain and diethylene glycol monomethyl ether chain respective for detection of CE. Both probes could realized fast response to CE and displayed good selectivity and high sensitivity. Compared with DPP-FBO-P, DPP-FBC-P had better biocompatibility, larger signal to noise ratio (225-fold vs 125-fold) and lower detection limit (1.6 × 10-5 U/mL vs 4.2 × 10-5 U/mL). Moreover, the probe DPP-FBC-P had been successfully applied to image the endogenous CE in HepG2 cells and solid tumors, and also visualized the over expressed CE in fever cells. Most importantly, the changes of CE level in the liver of fever mice model induced by LPS were monitored with the assistance of DPP-FBC-Pvia dual channel ratio imaging for the first time. In addition, fluorescence color signal in solution was captured by smart phone, and the linear relationship between RGB ratio (G/R) and CE concentration was established. This work will provide a potential approach for investigating the physiological and pathological processes of heat related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, PR China
| | - Shuchun Qin
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, PR China
| | - Nannan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Lu
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, PR China
| | - Junrong Jiao
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, PR China.
| | - Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, PR China.
| | - Weili Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, PR China.
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10
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Takani D, Takahashi M, Hosokawa M. Synthesis and evaluation of indomethacin prodrugs with a diester structure that are metabolically activated by human carboxylesterases. Xenobiotica 2024; 54:10-17. [PMID: 38142303 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2023.2298270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
1. Carboxylesterase (CES) has been studied extensively, mostly with substrates in the monoester structures. We investigated the relationship between indomethacin diester prodrugs and metabolic activation by microsomes and recombinant human CES.2. Eight indomethacin diester prodrugs were synthesised in two steps. They were used as substrates and hydrolysis rates were calculated.3. As a result, the major hydrolysis enzyme was CES. The hydrolysis rate of recombinant CES2A1 was comparable to that of recombinant CES1A1.4. In this study, by changing the structure of the prodrug to a diester structure, it was found that CES2 activity was equivalent to CES1 activity.5. It should be noted that the use of diester prodrugs in prodrug discovery, where organ-specific hydrolysis reactions are expected, may not yield the expected results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Takani
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, Choshi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masato Takahashi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, Choshi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masakiyo Hosokawa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, Choshi, Chiba, Japan
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11
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Sakao K, Saruwatari H, Minami S, Hou DX. Hydroxyl Group Acetylation of Quercetin Enhances Intracellular Absorption and Persistence to Upregulate Anticancer Activity in HepG2 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16652. [PMID: 38068974 PMCID: PMC10706045 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Quercetin, a flavonoid compound widely distributed in many plants, is known to have potent antitumor effects on several cancer cells. Our previous study revealed that the acetylation of quercetin enhanced its antitumor effect. However, the mechanisms remain unknown. This study aimed to elucidate the bioavailability of acylated quercetin in the HepG2 cell model based on its antitumor effect. The positions of quercetin 3,7,3',4'-OH were acetylated as 3,7,3',4'-O-tetraacetylquercetin (4Ac-Q). The inhibitory effect of 4Ac-Q on HepG2 cell proliferation was assessed by measuring cell viability. The apoptosis was characterized by apoptotic proteins and mitochondrial membrane potential shifts, as well as mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. The bioavailability of 4Ac-Q was analyzed by measuring the uptake and metabolites in HepG2 cells with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-photodiode array detector (PDA) and-ultraviolet/visible detector (UV/Vis). The results revealed that 4Ac-Q enhanced the inhibitory effect on HepG2 cell proliferation and induced its apoptosis significantly higher than quercetin. Protein array analysis of apoptosis-related protein indicated that 4Ac-Q increased the activation or expression of pro-apoptotic proteins, including caspase-3, -9, as well as second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases (SMAC), and suppressed the expression of apoptosis inhibiting proteins such as cellular inhibitor of apoptosis (cIAP)-1, -2, Livin, Survivin, and X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP). Furthermore, 4Ac-Q stimulated mitochondrial cytochrome c release into the cytosol by enhancing ROS level and depolarizing the mitochondrial membrane. Finally, the analysis of uptake and metabolites of 4Ac-Q in HpG2 cells with HPLC-PDA and -UV/Vis revealed that 4Ac-Q was metabolized to quercetin and several different acetylated quercetins which caused 2.5-fold higher quercetin present in HepG2 cells than parent quercetin. These data demonstrated that acetylation of the quercetin hydroxyl group significantly increased its intracellular absorption. Taken together, our findings provide the first evidence that acetyl modification of quercetin not only substantially augments the intracellular absorption of quercetin but also bolsters its metabolic stability to elongate its intracellular persistence. Therefore, acetylation could serve as a strategic approach to enhance the ability of quercetin and analogous flavonoids to suppress cancer cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kozue Sakao
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan;
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; (H.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Hanako Saruwatari
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; (H.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Shohei Minami
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; (H.S.); (S.M.)
| | - De-Xing Hou
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan;
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; (H.S.); (S.M.)
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12
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Li W, Zhang Y, Wu Y, Zhu G, Liu X, Song Y, Ma B, Lin S, Ge G, Jiao X, Xie P. New bysspectin A derivatives as potent inhibitors of human carboxylesterase 2A. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 259:115708. [PMID: 37544184 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Human carboxylesterase 2A (hCES2A), the most abundant carboxylesterase in the human gut, plays a crucial role in the metabolic clearance and activation of various ester-bearing drugs, environmental toxins and carcinogens. Inhibition of intestinal hCES2A can alleviate irinotecan-induced gut toxicity and modulate the oral bioavailability of hCES2A-substrate drugs. Bysspectin A, a natural product isolated from the endophytic fungus Byssochlamys spectabilis, has been identified as a highly selective hCES2A inhibitor. Herein, two sets of bysspectin A derivatives have been designed and synthesized, utilizing a Cu-catalyzed domino Sonogashira-cyclization as the key step. Following two rounds of structure activity relationship (SAR) studies and structural optimizations, compound 20w was identified as the most potent hCES2A inhibitor, with an IC50 value of 1.6 nM, an approximately 1000-fold improvement over bysspectin A. Further investigation showed that 20w potently inhibited hCES2A in a mixed inhibition manner, while this agent could also potently inhibit intracellular hCES2A in living cells and exhibited suitable metabolic stability. In summary, our findings demonstrate that a new bysspectin A derivative (20w) is a promising candidate for the development of clinically used hCES2A inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Guanghao Zhu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yunqing Song
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Bo Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Sheng Lin
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Guangbo Ge
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Xiaozhen Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Ping Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
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13
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Sargolzaei M, Nikoofard H. Design of prodrug for stereoisomers of omapatrilat to cross the blood-brain barrier using docking, homology modeling, MD, and QM/MM methods. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-13. [PMID: 37728537 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2259488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we designed a suitable ester prodrug for omapatrilat to penetrate the blood-brain barrier and treat CNS diseases. Based on the ADMET properties, the methyl carboxylate ester of omapatrilat was chosen from among several prodrug structures. Sixteen methyl carboxylate esters were constructed for omapatrilat. The structure of brain carboxylesterase was derived via homology modeling, and molecular docking was used to determine the most potent stereoisomers against brain carboxylesterase. The top three stereoisomer complexes, and the apo form of the protein, were then considered using molecular dynamics simulation and MM/GBSA analysis. Following the simulation, structural analysis was performed using RMSD, RMSF, Rg, and hydrogen bond analysis tools. Our data demonstrated that the prodrug of RSSR is a suitable structure for crossing the blood-brain barrier and binding to brain carboxylesterase. In addition, we found via QM/MM calculation that the catalytic reaction of the prodrug of RSSR against brain carboxylesterase occurs via two steps, including acylation and diacylation steps. Based on our findings, we propose a clinical trial of a methyl carboxylate ester prodrug of omapatrilat's RSSR for the treatment of brain diseases.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Sargolzaei
- Faculty of Chemistry, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran
| | - Hossein Nikoofard
- Faculty of Chemistry, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran
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14
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Yang Z, Cao Z, Wang W, Chen Y, Huang W, Jiao S, Chen S, Chen L, Liu Y, Mao J, Zhang L, Li Z. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation studies of novel carboxylesterase 2 inhibitors for the treatment of irinotecan-induced delayed diarrhea. Bioorg Chem 2023; 138:106625. [PMID: 37300962 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Human carboxylesterase 2 (hCES2A), one of the most important serine hydrolases distributed in the small intestine and colon, plays a crucial role in the hydrolysis of various prodrugs and esters. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that the inhibition of hCES2A effectively alleviate the side effects induced by some hCES2A-substrate drugs, including delayed diarrhea caused by the anticancer drug irinotecan. Nonetheless, there is a scarcity of selective and effective inhibitors that are suitable for irinotecan-induced delayed diarrhea. Following screening of the in-house library, the lead compound 01 was identified with potent inhibition on hCES2A, which was further optimized to obtain LK-44 with potent inhibitory activity (IC50 = 5.02 ± 0.67 μM) and high selectivity on hCES2A. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations indicated that LK-44 can formed stable hydrogen bonds with amino acids surrounding the active cavity of hCES2A. The results of inhibition kinetics studies unveiled that LK-44 inhibited hCES2A-mediated FD hydrolysis in a mixed inhibition manner, with a Ki value of 5.28 μM. Notably, LK-44 exhibited low toxicity towards HepG2 cells according to the MTT assay. Importantly, in vivo studies showed that LK-44 significantly reduced the side effects of irinotecan-induced diarrhea. These findings suggested that LK-44 is a potent inhibitor of hCES2A with high selectivity against hCES1A, which has potential as a lead compound for the development of more effective hCES2A inhibitors to mitigate irinotecan-induced delayed diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongcheng Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Zhijun Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Key Specialty of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Evaluation of the Guangdong Provincial Education Department, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Wenxin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Ya Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Wanqiu Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Key Specialty of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Evaluation of the Guangdong Provincial Education Department, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Construction and Application of New Drug Screening Model Systems, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Shixuan Jiao
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Key Specialty of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Evaluation of the Guangdong Provincial Education Department, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Siliang Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Lianru Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yuxia Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Jianming Mao
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Luyong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Evaluation of the Guangdong Provincial Education Department, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Construction and Application of New Drug Screening Model Systems, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Zheng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Key Specialty of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Evaluation of the Guangdong Provincial Education Department, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Construction and Application of New Drug Screening Model Systems, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
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15
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Ohura K, Nakada Y, Imai T. Bioconversion and P-gp-Mediated Transport of Depot Fluphenazine Prodrugs after Intramuscular Injection. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:1975-1984. [PMID: 37019360 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Fluphenazine (FPZ) decanoate, an ester-type prodrug formulated as a long-acting injection (LAI), is used in the treatment of schizophrenia. FPZ enanthate was also developed as an LAI formulation, but is no longer in use clinically because of the short elimination half-life of FPZ, the parent drug, after intramuscular injection. In the present study, the hydrolysis of FPZ prodrugs was evaluated in human plasma and liver to clarify the reason for this difference in elimination half-lives. FPZ prodrugs were hydrolyzed in human plasma and liver microsomes. The rate of hydrolysis of FPZ enanthate in human plasma and liver microsomes was 15-fold and 6-fold, respectively, faster than that of FPZ decanoate. Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and human serum albumin (HSA) present in human plasma, and two carboxylesterase (CES) isozymes, hCE1 and hCE2, expressed in ubiquitous organs including liver, were mainly responsible for the hydrolysis of FPZ prodrugs. FPZ prodrugs may not be bioconverted in human skeletal muscle at the injection site because of lack of expression of BChE and CESs in muscle. Interestingly, although FPZ was a poor substrate for human P-glycoprotein, FPZ caproate was a good substrate. In conclusion, it is suggested that the shorter elimination half-life of FPZ following administration of FPZ enanthate compared with FPZ decanoate can be attributed to the more rapid hydrolysis of FPZ enanthate by BChE, HSA and CESs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayoko Ohura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan; Headquarters for Admissions and Education, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | | | - Teruko Imai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan; Daiichi University of Pharmacy, Fukuoka, Japan.
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16
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Chen DB, Xia RX, Li Q, Li YP, Cao HY, Liu YQ. Genome-Wide Identification of Detoxification Genes in Wild Silkworm Antheraea pernyi and Transcriptional Response to Coumaphos. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119775. [PMID: 37298726 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
For a half-century, the commercial wild silkworm, Antheraea pernyi, has been protected by coumaphos, which is an internal organophosphorus insecticide used to kill the potential parasitic fly larvae inside. Knowledge about the detoxification genes of A. pernyi as well as the detoxification mechanism for this species remains severely limited. In this study, we identified 281 detoxification genes (32 GSTs, 48 ABCs, 104 CYPs, and 97 COEs) in the genome of this insect, which are unevenly distributed over 46 chromosomes. When compared to the domesticated silkworm, Bombyx mori, a lepidopteran model species, A. pernyi has a similar number of ABCs, but a greater number of GSTs, CYPs, and COEs. By transcriptome-based expression analysis, we found that coumaphos at a safe concentration level significantly changed the pathways related to ATPase complex function and the transporter complex in A. pernyi. KEGG functional enrichment analysis indicated that protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum was the most affected pathway after coumaphos treatment. Finally, we identified four significantly up-regulated detoxification genes (ABCB1, ABCB3, ABCG11, and ae43) and one significantly down-regulated detoxification gene (CYP6AE9) in response to coumaphos treatment, suggesting that these five genes may contribute to detoxification of coumaphos in A. pernyi. Our study provides the first set of detoxification genes for wild silkworms from Saturniidae and highlights the importance of detoxification gene repertoire in insect pesticide tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Bin Chen
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Run-Xi Xia
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Qun Li
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yu-Ping Li
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Hui-Ying Cao
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yan-Qun Liu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang 110866, China
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17
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Li Z, Chen M, Bai W, Zhang S, Meng L, Dou W, Wang J, Yuan G. Identification, expression profiles and involvement in insecticides tolerance and detoxification of carboxylesterase genes in Bactrocera dorsalis. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:105443. [PMID: 37248012 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Carboxylesterases (CarEs) are a multifunctional superfamily of enzymes and play an important role in detoxification of various insecticides in insects. The oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis, is one of the most destructive agricultural pests and has developed different degrees of resistance to organophosphates in field. However, the involvement of BdCarEs in tolerance or resistance to other alternative insecticides are still unclear. In the present study, 33 BdCarEs genes were identified based on the genome database of B. dorsalis. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that they were classified into nine clades, with abundance of α-esterases. Meanwhile, the sequence characterization and the chromosome distribution were also analyzed. The spatiotemporal expression analysis of BdCarEs genes suggested that the diversity of potential function in different physiological processes. With the exception of BdCarE21, all BdCarEs genes responded to at least one insecticide exposure, and BdCarE20 was found to be up-regulated after exposure to all five tested insecticides individually. Eight BdCarEs genes were overexpressed in MR strain when compared to that in SS strain. Subsequently, knockdown the expression of representative BdCarEs genes significantly increased the susceptibility of the oriental fruit fly to corresponding insecticides, which indicated that the tested BdCarEs genes contributed to one or multiple insecticide detoxification. These findings provide valuable insights into the potential role in respond to tolerance or resistance to insecticides with different mode of action, and will facilitate development of efficiency management strategy for B. dorsalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Mengling Chen
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Wenjie Bai
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Shuxia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Liwei Meng
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Wei Dou
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jinjun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Guorui Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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Chalhoub G, Jamnik A, Pajed L, Kolleritsch S, Hois V, Bagaric A, Prem D, Tilp A, Kolb D, Wolinski H, Taschler U, Züllig T, Rechberger GN, Fuchs C, Trauner M, Schoiswohl G, Haemmerle G. Carboxylesterase 2a deletion provokes hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance in mice involving impaired diacylglycerol and lysophosphatidylcholine catabolism. Mol Metab 2023; 72:101725. [PMID: 37059417 PMCID: PMC10148186 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hepatic triacylglycerol accumulation and insulin resistance are key features of NAFLD. However, NAFLD development and progression are rather triggered by the aberrant generation of lipid metabolites and signaling molecules including diacylglycerol (DAG) and lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC). Recent studies showed decreased expression of carboxylesterase 2 (CES2) in the liver of NASH patients and hepatic DAG accumulation was linked to low CES2 activity in obese individuals. The mouse genome encodes several Ces2 genes with Ces2a showing highest expression in the liver. Herein we investigated the role of mouse Ces2a and human CES2 in lipid metabolism in vivo and in vitro. METHODS Lipid metabolism and insulin signaling were investigated in mice lacking Ces2a and in a human liver cell line upon pharmacological CES2 inhibition. Lipid hydrolytic activities were determined in vivo and from recombinant proteins. RESULTS Ces2a deficient mice (Ces2a-ko) are obese and feeding a high-fat diet (HFD) provokes severe hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance together with elevated inflammatory and fibrotic gene expression. Lipidomic analysis revealed a marked rise in DAG and lysoPC levels in the liver of Ces2a-ko mice fed HFD. Hepatic lipid accumulation in Ces2a deficiency is linked to lower DAG and lysoPC hydrolytic activities in liver microsomal preparations. Moreover, Ces2a deficiency significantly increases hepatic expression and activity of MGAT1, a PPAR gamma target gene, suggesting aberrant lipid signaling upon Ces2a deficiency. Mechanistically, we found that recombinant Ces2a and CES2 show significant hydrolytic activity towards lysoPC (and DAG) and pharmacological inhibition of CES2 in human HepG2 cells largely phenocopies the lipid metabolic changes present in Ces2a-ko mice including reduced lysoPC and DAG hydrolysis, DAG accumulation and impaired insulin signaling. CONCLUSIONS Ces2a and CES2 are critical players in hepatic lipid signaling likely via the hydrolysis of DAG and lysoPC at the ER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Chalhoub
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Alina Jamnik
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Laura Pajed
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Victoria Hois
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Antonia Bagaric
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Dominik Prem
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Anna Tilp
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Dagmar Kolb
- Core Facility Ultrastructure Analysis, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Heimo Wolinski
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ulrike Taschler
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Züllig
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Claudia Fuchs
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Trauner
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gabriele Schoiswohl
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - Guenter Haemmerle
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
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19
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Aguilar L, Moreno-Ortiz G, Caamal-Monsreal C, Rosas C, Noreña-Barroso E, Gómez-Maldonado MC, Rodríguez-Fuentes G. Effects of Phenanthrene Exposure on the B-esterases Activities of Octopus maya (Voss and Solís Ramírez, 1996) Embryos. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2023; 110:63. [PMID: 36917264 PMCID: PMC10014768 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-023-03706-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
No ecotoxicological information exists on phenanthrene (Phe) exposure in cephalopods, animals of commercial and ecological importance. This study investigated the effect of Phe on two B-esterases, Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and Carboxylesterases (CbE), in Octopus maya embryos. Octopus embryos were exposed to different treatments: control (seawater), solvent control (seawater and DMSO 0.01%), 10 and 100 µg/L of Phe. AChE and CbE activities were measured at different developmental stages (blastula, organogenesis, and growth). B-esterase activities increased in control and solvent control as the embryos developed, showing no statistically significant differences between them. On the other hand, the embryos exposed to Phe had significant differences from controls, and between the high and low concentrations. Our results indicate that B-esterases are sensitive biomarkers of exposure to Phe in O. maya. Still, complementary studies are needed to unravel the toxicodynamics of Phe and the implications of the found inhibitory effect in hatched organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Aguilar
- Unidad de Química en Sisal, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Puerto de Abrigo S/N, Sisal, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Gissela Moreno-Ortiz
- Unidad de Química en Sisal, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Puerto de Abrigo S/N, Sisal, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Claudia Caamal-Monsreal
- Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Puerto de Abrigo S/N, Sisal, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Carlos Rosas
- Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Puerto de Abrigo S/N, Sisal, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Elsa Noreña-Barroso
- Unidad de Química en Sisal, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Puerto de Abrigo S/N, Sisal, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - María Concepción Gómez-Maldonado
- Unidad de Química en Sisal, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Puerto de Abrigo S/N, Sisal, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Rodríguez-Fuentes
- Unidad de Química en Sisal, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Puerto de Abrigo S/N, Sisal, Yucatán, Mexico.
- Unidad de Química en Sisal, Facultad de Química, UNAM, Av. Colón # 503 F X 62 y Reforma Colonia Centro, 97000, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
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20
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Hsu YF, Kung FL, Huang TE, Deng YN, Guh JH, Marchetti P, Marchesi E, Perrone D, Navacchia ML, Hsu LC. Anticancer Activity and Molecular Mechanisms of an Ursodeoxycholic Acid Methyl Ester-Dihydroartemisinin Hybrid via a Triazole Linkage in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052358. [PMID: 36903603 PMCID: PMC10005781 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is the third most common cause of cancer-related death according to the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Dihydroartemisinin (DHA), an antimalarial drug, has been reported to exhibit anticancer activity but with a short half-life. We synthesized a series of bile acid-dihydroartemisinin hybrids to improve its stability and anticancer activity and demonstrated that an ursodeoxycholic-DHA (UDC-DHA) hybrid was 10-fold more potent than DHA against HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the anticancer activity and investigate the molecular mechanisms of UDCMe-Z-DHA, a hybrid of ursodeoxycholic acid methyl ester and DHA via a triazole linkage. We found that UDCMe-Z-DHA was even more potent than UDC-DHA in HepG2 cells with IC50 of 1 μM. Time course experiments and stability in medium determined by cell viability assay as well as HPLC-MS/MS analysis revealed that UDCMe-Z-DHA was more stable than DHA, which in part accounted for the increased anticancer activity. Mechanistic studies revealed that UDCMe-Z-DHA caused G0/G1 arrest and induced reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential loss and autophagy, which may in turn lead to apoptosis. Compared to DHA, UDCMe-Z-DHA displayed much lower cytotoxicity toward normal cells. Thus, UDCMe-Z-DHA may be a potential drug candidate for hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Fen Hsu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10050, Taiwan
| | - Fan-Lu Kung
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10050, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-En Huang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10050, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ning Deng
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10050, Taiwan
| | - Jih-Hwa Guh
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10050, Taiwan
| | - Paolo Marchetti
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elena Marchesi
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Daniela Perrone
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Navacchia
- Institute for Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 44129 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.L.N.); (L.-C.H.)
| | - Lih-Ching Hsu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10050, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (M.L.N.); (L.-C.H.)
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21
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A Turn-On Lipid Droplet-Targeted Near-Infrared Fluorescent Probe with a Large Stokes Shift for Detection of Intracellular Carboxylesterases and Cell Viability Imaging. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052317. [PMID: 36903562 PMCID: PMC10005208 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Carboxylesterases (CEs) play important physiological roles in the human body and are involved in numerous cellular processes. Monitoring CEs activity has great potential for the rapid diagnosis of malignant tumors and multiple diseases. Herein, we developed a new phenazine-based "turn-on" fluorescent probe DBPpys by introducing 4-bromomethyl-phenyl acetate to DBPpy, which can selectively detect CEs with a low detection limit (9.38 × 10-5 U/mL) and a large Stokes shift (more than 250 nm) in vitro. In addition, DBPpys can also be converted into DBPpy by carboxylesterase in HeLa cells and localized in lipid droplets (LDs), emitting bright near-infrared fluorescence under the irradiation of white light. Moreover, we achieved the detection of cell health status by measuring the intensity of NIR fluorescence after co-incubation of DBPpys with H2O2-pretreated HeLa cells, indicating that DBPpys has great potential applications for assessing CEs activity and cellular health.
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22
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Nos D, Navarro J, Solé M. The influence of ecological factors in the modulation of pollution biomarkers of two small pelagic marine fish. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 188:114717. [PMID: 36860015 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Biomarkers are useful tools for the detection of marine pollution, which is poorly monitored in the pelagic environment. In this study, we investigated the role of key biological and environmental factors on three hepatic xenobiotic biomarkers: carboxylesterases (CEs), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and catalase (CAT). Additionally, ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) and benzyloxy-4-[trifluoromethyl]-coumarin-O-debenzyloxylase (BFCOD) activities were determined for comparative purposes. The pelagic species targeted were the European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) and the European sardine (Sardina pilchardus). The results revealed sex-dependent CE activities in sardine. CEs and GST activities were significantly affected by reproduction and, in anchovy, CE activities were also influenced by temperature. In vitro incubations revealed that the pesticide dichlorvos caused up to 90 % inhibition of basal CEs activity. This work highlights that the reproductive status, temperature and sex, modulate biomarker responses, and that anchovy would be more suitable pelagic bioindicator due to its higher in vitro sensitivity to dichlorvos and sex-independent biomarker responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Nos
- Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM), CSIC, Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Joan Navarro
- Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM), CSIC, Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Solé
- Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM), CSIC, Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
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23
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Hydrolysis of dibutyl phthalate and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in human liver, small intestine, kidney, and lung: An in vitro analysis using organ subcellular fractions and recombinant carboxylesterases. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 372:110353. [PMID: 36657734 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates are widely used plasticizers that are primarily and rapidly metabolized to monoester phthalates in mammals. In the present study, the hydrolysis of dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in the human liver, small intestine, kidney, and lung was examined by the catalytic, kinetic, and inhibition analyses using organ microsomal and cytosolic fractions and recombinant carboxylesterases (CESs). The Vmax (y-intercept) values based on the Eadie-Hofstee plots of DBP hydrolysis were liver > small intestine > kidney > lung in microsomes, and liver > small intestine > lung > kidney in cytosol, respectively. The CLint values (x-intercept) were small intestine > liver > kidney > lung in both microsomes and cytosol. The Vmax and CLint or CLmax values of DEHP hydrolysis were small intestine > liver > kidney > lung in both microsomes and cytosol. Bis(4-nitrophenyl) phosphate (BNPP) effectively inhibited the activities of DBP and DEHP hydrolysis in the microsomes and cytosol of liver, small intestine, kidney, and lung. Although physostigmine also potently inhibited DBP and DEHP hydrolysis activities in both the microsomes and cytosol of the small intestine and kidney, the inhibitory effects in the liver and lung were weak. In recombinant CESs, the Vmax values of DBP hydrolysis were CES1 (CES1b, CES1c) > CES2, whereas the CLmax values were CES2 > CES1 (CES1b, CES1c). On the other hand, the Vmax and CLmax values of DEHP hydrolysis were CES2 > CES1 (CES1b, CES1c). These results suggest an extensive organ-dependence of DBP and DEHP hydrolysis due to CES expression, and that CESs are responsible for the metabolic activation of phthalates.
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24
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Cruse C, Moural TW, Zhu F. Dynamic Roles of Insect Carboxyl/Cholinesterases in Chemical Adaptation. INSECTS 2023; 14:194. [PMID: 36835763 PMCID: PMC9958613 DOI: 10.3390/insects14020194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Insects have evolved several intricate defense mechanisms to adapt to their chemical environment. Due to their versatile capabilities in hydrolytic biotransformation, insect carboxyl/cholinesterases (CCEs) play vital roles in the development of pesticide resistance, facilitating the adaptation of insects to their host plants, and manipulating insect behaviors through the olfaction system. CCEs confer insecticide resistance through the mechanisms of qualitative or quantitative changes of CCE-mediated enhanced metabolism or target-site insensitivity, and may contribute to the host plant adaptation. CCEs represent the first odorant-degrading enzymes (ODEs) discovered to degrade insect pheromones and plant odors and remain the most promising ODE candidates. Here, we summarize insect CCE classification, currently characterized insect CCE protein structure characteristics, and the dynamic roles of insect CCEs in chemical adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey Cruse
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA 16802, USA
| | - Timothy Walter Moural
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA 16802, USA
| | - Fang Zhu
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA 16802, USA
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA 16802, USA
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25
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Chen Z, Yu J, Sun K, Song J, Chen L, Jiang Y, Wang Z. Rational design of a turn-on near-infrared fluorescence probe for the highly sensitive and selective monitoring of carboxylesterase 2 in living systems. Analyst 2023; 148:876-887. [PMID: 36661088 DOI: 10.1039/d2an01874h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In vivo selective fluorescence imaging of carboxylesterase 2 (CES2) remains a great challenge because existing fluorescence probes can potentially suffer from interference by other hydrolases. In addition, some fluorescent probes that have been separately reported for measuring CES2 activity in vitro are affected by autofluorescence and absorption of the biological matrix due to their limited emission wavelength or short Stokes shift. Herein, based on the substrate preference and catalytic performance of CES2, a novel and NIR fluorescent probe was developed, in which a hemi-cyanine dye ester derivative was used as the basic fluorescent group. In the presence of CES2, the probe was hydrolyzed to expose the fluorophore CZX-OH (λabs ∼ 675 nm, λem ∼ 850 nm), which led to a notable red-shift in the fluorescence (∼175 nm) spectrum. Confocal imaging of cells and live mice demonstrated that the fluorescent signal of this probe was related to the real activities of CES2 in cancer cells. All these results will powerfully promote the screening of CES2 regulators and the analysis of CES2-related physiological and pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, P. R. China.
| | - Jiaying Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, P. R. China.
| | - Kai Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, P. R. China.
| | - Jia Song
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, P. R. China.
| | - Lucheng Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, P. R. China.
| | - Yong Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, P. R. China.
| | - Zhifei Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, P. R. China.
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26
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Adaption of a commercial lipase kit to measure bile salt-stimulated lipase in human milk. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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27
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Solé M, Figueres E, Mañanós E, Rojo-Solís C, García-Párraga D. Characterisation of plasmatic B-esterases in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) and their potential as biomarkers of xenobiotic chemical exposures. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 313:120149. [PMID: 36115493 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A total of 164 blood samples from 16 clinically healthy bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus), were obtained from an aquarium in Spain between 2019 and 2020, as part of their preventive medicine protocol. In addition to conventional haematological and biochemical analyses, plasmatic B-esterase activities were characterised to determine the potential application of such analyses in wild counterparts. The hydrolysis rates for the substrates of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) and carboxylesterase (CE) activity in plasma were measured, the last using two commercial substrates, p-nitrophenyl acetate (pNPA) and p-nitrophenyl butyrate (pNPB). Activity rates (mean ± SEM in nmol/min/mL plasma) were (in descending order): AChE (125.6 ± 3.8), pNPB-CE (65.0 ± 2.2), pNPA-CE (49.7 ± 1.1) and BuChE (12.8 ± 1.3). These values for dolphins are reported in here for the first time in this species. Additionally, the in vitro sensitivity of two B-esterases (AChE and pNPB-CE) to chemicals of environmental concern was determined, and the protective role of plasmatic albumin assessed. Out of the B-esterases measured in plasma of dolphin, AChE activity was more responsive in vitro to pesticides, while CEs had a low response to plastic additives, likely due to the protective presence of albumin. However, the clear in vitro interaction of these environmental chemicals with purified AChE from electric eels and recombinant human hCEs (hCE1 and hCE2) and albumin, predicts their impact in other tissues that require in vivo validation. A relationship between esterase-like activities and health parameters in terrestrial mammals has already been established. Thus, B-esterase measures could be easily included in marine mammal health assessment protocols for dolphins as well, once the relationship between these measures and the animal's fitness has been established.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Solé
- Institut de Ciències del Mar, CSIC, Psg. Marítim de La Barceloneta 37-49, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - E Figueres
- Institut de Ciències del Mar, CSIC, Psg. Marítim de La Barceloneta 37-49, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Mañanós
- Institute of Aquaculture Torre La Sal (IATS),-CSIC, 12595, Cabanes, Castellón, Spain
| | - C Rojo-Solís
- Veterinary Services, Oceanogràfic, Ciudad de Las Artes y Las Ciencias, C/Eduardo Primo Yúfera (Científic) 1B, 46013, València, Spain
| | - D García-Párraga
- Veterinary Services, Oceanogràfic, Ciudad de Las Artes y Las Ciencias, C/Eduardo Primo Yúfera (Científic) 1B, 46013, València, Spain
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28
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Simonsen D, Heffelfinger J, Cwiertny DM, Lehmler HJ. The dichloroacetamide safener benoxacor is enantioselectively metabolized by monkey liver microsomes and cytosol. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 96:104008. [PMID: 36341964 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.104008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The metabolism and toxicity of current-use herbicide safeners remain understudied. We investigated the enantioselective metabolism of the safener benoxacor in Rhesus monkey subcellular fractions. Benoxacor was incubated with liver microsomes and cytosol from female and male monkeys (≤30 min). Benoxacor levels and enantiomeric fractions were determined with gas chromatography. Benoxacor was metabolized by microsomal cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs), cytosolic glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs), and microsomal and cytosolic carboxylesterase (CESs). CES-mediated microsomal metabolism followed the order males > females, whereas the CYP-mediated clearance followed the order females > males. CYP-mediated metabolism initially resulted in an enrichment of the second eluting benoxacor enantiomer (E2-benoxacor), whereas the first eluting benoxacor enantiomer (E1-benoxacor) was enriched after 10 or 30 min in female or male microsomal incubations. Benoxacor metabolism by GSTs was enantiospecific, with a total depletion of E1-benoxacor after approximately 20 min. Thus, the enantioselective metabolism of benoxacor by GSTs and CYPs may affect its toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Simonsen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States; IIHR Hydroscience and Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Jacob Heffelfinger
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - David M Cwiertny
- IIHR Hydroscience and Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States; Center for Health Effects of Environmental Contamination, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Hans-Joachim Lehmler
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States; IIHR Hydroscience and Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States.
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The Crystal Structure of Mouse Ces2c, a Potential Ortholog of Human CES2, Shows Structural Similarities in Substrate Regulation and Product Release to Human CES1. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113101. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the carboxylesterase 2 (Ces2/CES2) family have been studied intensively with respect to their hydrolytic function on (pro)drugs, whereas their physiological role in lipid and energy metabolism has been realized only within the last few years. Humans have one CES2 gene which is highly expressed in liver, intestine, and kidney. Interestingly, eight homologous Ces2 (Ces2a to Ces2h) genes exist in mice and the individual roles of the corresponding proteins are incompletely understood. Mouse Ces2c (mCes2c) is suggested as potential ortholog of human CES2. Therefore, we aimed at its structural and biophysical characterization. Here, we present the first crystal structure of mCes2c to 2.12 Å resolution. The overall structure of mCes2c resembles that of the human CES1 (hCES1). The core domain adopts an α/β hydrolase-fold with S230, E347, and H459 forming a catalytic triad. Access to the active site is restricted by the cap, the flexible lid, and the regulatory domain. The conserved gate (M417) and switch (F418) residues might have a function in product release similar as suggested for hCES1. Biophysical characterization confirms that mCes2c is a monomer in solution. Thus, this study broadens our understanding of the mammalian carboxylesterase family and assists in delineating the similarities and differences of the different family members.
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Rafeeq H, Hussain A, Shabbir S, Ali S, Bilal M, Sher F, Iqbal HMN. Esterases as emerging biocatalysts: Mechanistic insights, genomic and metagenomic, immobilization, and biotechnological applications. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2022; 69:2176-2194. [PMID: 34699092 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Esterase enzymes are a family of hydrolases that catalyze the breakdown and formation of ester bonds. Esterases have gained a prominent position in today's world's industrial enzymes market. Due to their unique biocatalytic attributes, esterases contribute to environmentally sustainable design approaches, including biomass degradation, food and feed industry, dairy, clothing, agrochemical (herbicides, insecticides), bioremediation, biosensor development, anticancer, antitumor, gene therapy, and diagnostic purposes. Esterases can be isolated by a diverse range of mammalian tissues, animals, and microorganisms. The isolation of extremophilic esterases increases the interest of researchers in the extraction and utilization of these enzymes at the industrial level. Genomic, metagenomic, and immobilization techniques have opened innovative ways to extract esterases and utilize them for a longer time to take advantage of their beneficial activities. The current study discusses the types of esterases, metagenomic studies for exploring new esterases, and their biomedical applications in different industrial sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Rafeeq
- Department of Biochemistry, Riphah International University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Asim Hussain
- Department of Biochemistry, Riphah International University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sumaira Shabbir
- Department of Zoology, Wildlife, and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sabir Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, China
| | - Farooq Sher
- Department of Engineering, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey, Mexico
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31
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Getsy PM, Baby SM, May WJ, Bates JN, Ellis CR, Feasel MG, Wilson CG, Lewis THJ, Gaston B, Hsieh YH, Lewis SJ. L-cysteine methyl ester overcomes the deleterious effects of morphine on ventilatory parameters and arterial blood-gas chemistry in unanesthetized rats. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:968378. [PMID: 36249760 PMCID: PMC9554613 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.968378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We are developing a series of thiolesters that produce an immediate and sustained reversal of the deleterious effects of opioids, such as morphine and fentanyl, on ventilation without diminishing the antinociceptive effects of these opioids. We report here the effects of systemic injections of L-cysteine methyl ester (L-CYSme) on morphine-induced changes in ventilatory parameters, arterial-blood gas (ABG) chemistry (pH, pCO2, pO2, sO2), Alveolar-arterial (A-a) gradient (i.e., the index of alveolar gas-exchange within the lungs), and antinociception in unanesthetized Sprague Dawley rats. The administration of morphine (10 mg/kg, IV) produced a series of deleterious effects on ventilatory parameters, including sustained decreases in tidal volume, minute ventilation, inspiratory drive and peak inspiratory flow that were accompanied by a sustained increase in end inspiratory pause. A single injection of L-CYSme (500 μmol/kg, IV) produced a rapid and long-lasting reversal of the deleterious effects of morphine on ventilatory parameters, and a second injection of L-CYSme (500 μmol/kg, IV) elicited pronounced increases in ventilatory parameters, such as minute ventilation, to values well above pre-morphine levels. L-CYSme (250 or 500 μmol/kg, IV) also produced an immediate and sustained reversal of the deleterious effects of morphine (10 mg/kg, IV) on arterial blood pH, pCO2, pO2, sO2 and A-a gradient, whereas L-cysteine (500 μmol/kg, IV) itself was inactive. L-CYSme (500 μmol/kg, IV) did not appear to modulate the sedative effects of morphine as measured by righting reflex times, but did diminish the duration, however, not the magnitude of the antinociceptive actions of morphine (5 or 10 mg/kg, IV) as determined in tail-flick latency and hindpaw-withdrawal latency assays. These findings provide evidence that L-CYSme can powerfully overcome the deleterious effects of morphine on breathing and gas-exchange in Sprague Dawley rats while not affecting the sedative or early stage antinociceptive effects of the opioid. The mechanisms by which L-CYSme interferes with the OR-induced signaling pathways that mediate the deleterious effects of morphine on ventilatory performance, and by which L-CYSme diminishes the late stage antinociceptive action of morphine remain to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina M. Getsy
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Paulina M. Getsy,
| | | | - Walter J. May
- Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - James N. Bates
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Christopher R. Ellis
- United States Army CCDC Chemical Biological Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, United States
| | - Michael G. Feasel
- United States Army CCDC Chemical Biological Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, United States
| | - Christopher G. Wilson
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Physiology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Tristan H. J. Lewis
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Benjamin Gaston
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Yee-Hsee Hsieh
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Stephen J. Lewis
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
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Deciphering the species differences in CES1A-mediated hydrolytic metabolism by using a bioluminescence substrate. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 368:110197. [PMID: 36174736 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Carboxylesterases 1A (CES1A) is a key enzyme responsible for the hydrolytic metabolism of a great deal of endogenous and exogenous substrates bearing ester- or amide-bond(s). This study aimed to decipher the species difference in CES1A-mediated hydrolytic metabolism by using a newly developed bioluminescence CES1A sensor (termed NLMe) as the probe substrate, while the liver microsomes from six different mammalian species (human, cynomolgus monkey, dog, minipig, rat and mouse) were used as the enzyme sources. Metabolite profiling demonstrated that all tested liver microsomes from various species could catalyze NLMe hydrolysis, but significant difference in hydrolytic rate was observed. Kinetic plots of NLMe hydrolysis in liver microsomes from different species showed that the inherent clearance rates (Clint) of NLMe in human liver microsomes (HLM), cynomolgus monkey liver microsomes (CyLM), and pig liver microsome (PLM) were comparable, while the Clint values of NLMe in dog liver microsomes (DLM), mouse liver microsomes (MLM), and rat liver microsomes (RLM) were relatively small. Moreover, chemical inhibition assays showed that NLMe hydrolysis in all tested liver microsomes could be competently inhibited by BNPP (a potent broad-spectrum inhibitor of CES), but CUA (a selective inhibitor of human CES1A) only inhibited NLMe hydrolysis in human liver microsomes and dog liver microsomes. In summary, the species differences in CES1A-catalyzed NLMe hydrolysis were carefully investigated from the views of the similarities in metabolite profile, hydrolytic kinetics and inhibitor response. All these findings provide new insights into the species differences in CES1A-mediated hydrolytic metabolism and suggest that it is necessary for the pharmacologists to choose appropriate animal models to replace humans for evaluating the in vivo effects of CES1A inhibitors.
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Liu Y, He Z, Yang Y, Li X, Li Z, Ma H. New fluorescent probe with recognition moiety of bipiperidinyl reveals the rise of hepatocellular carboxylesterase activity during heat shock. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 211:114392. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Omedes S, Andrade M, Escolar O, Villanueva R, Freitas R, Solé M. B-esterases characterisation in the digestive tract of the common octopus and the European cuttlefish and their in vitro responses to contaminants of environmental concern. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 210:112961. [PMID: 35181305 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cephalopods are a group of marine invertebrates that have received little attention as sentinel species in comparison to other molluscs, such as bivalves. Consequently, their physiological and biochemical xenobiotic metabolism responses are poorly understood. Here we undertake a comparative analysis of the enzymatic activities involved in detoxification reactions and neural transmission in the digestive tract of two commercial cephalopods: the Common octopus, Octopus vulgaris, and the European cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis. For methodological purposes, several common B-esterases (five carboxylesterase (CE) substrates and three cholinesterase (ChE) determinations) were assayed as a proxy of metabolic and neuronal activities, respectively. Four components of the digestive tract in each species were considered: salivary glands, the stomach, the digestive gland and the caecum. The in vitro responses of digestive gland homogenates to model chemicals and contaminants of environmental concern were contrasted between both cephalopod species. The baseline biochemical activities in the four digestive tract components were also determined. Moreover, in order to validate the protocol, purified proteins, recombinant human CE (CE1 and CE2) and purified eel acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were included in the analysis. Overall, carboxylesterase activities were higher in octopus than in cuttlefish, with the activity quantified in the digestive tract components in the following order: digestive gland ≈ caecum > stomach ≈ salivary glands, with higher hydrolysis rates reached with naphthyl-derived substrates. In contrast, cuttlefish hydrolysis rates with ChE substrates were higher than in octopus. This trend was also reflected in a higher sensitivity to CE inhibitors in octopus and to AChE inhibitors in cuttlefish. Given the detoxification character of CEs and its protective role preventing AChE inhibition, octopus could be regarded as more efficiently protected than cuttlefish from neurotoxic exposures. A full characterisation of B-esterases in the digestive tract of the two common cephalopods is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Omedes
- Institut de Ciències del Mar ICM-CSIC, E-08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Andrade
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - O Escolar
- Institut de Ciències del Mar ICM-CSIC, E-08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Villanueva
- Institut de Ciències del Mar ICM-CSIC, E-08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Freitas
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M Solé
- Institut de Ciències del Mar ICM-CSIC, E-08003, Barcelona, Spain.
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Nandi NK, Vyas A, Akhtar MJ, Kumar B. The growing concern of chlorpyrifos exposures on human and environmental health. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 185:105138. [PMID: 35772841 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos (CP) and its highly electrophilic intermediates are principal toxic metabolites. The active form of CP i.e. chlorpyrifos oxon (CP-oxon) is responsible for both the insecticidal activity and is also of greater risk when present in the atmosphere. Thus, the combined effects of both CP, CP-oxan, and other metabolites enhance our understanding of the safety and risk of the insecticide CP. They cause major toxicities such as AChE inhibition, oxidative stress, and endocrine disruption. Further, it can have adverse hematological, musculoskeletal, renal, ocular, and dermal effects. Excessive use of this compound results in poisoning and potentially kills a non-target species upon exposure including humans. Several examples of reactive metabolites toxicities on plants, aquatic life, and soil are presented herein. The review covers the general overview on reactive metabolites of CP, chemistry and their mechanism through toxic effects on humans as well as on the environment. Considerable progress has been made in the replacement or alternative to CP. The different strategies including antidote mechanisms for the prevention and treatment of CP poisoning are discussed in this review. The approach analyses also the active metabolites for the pesticide activity and thus it becomes more important to know the pesticide and toxicity dose of CP as much as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilay Kumar Nandi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, G.T Road, Moga, Punjab 142001, India
| | - Akshun Vyas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, G.T Road, Moga, Punjab 142001, India
| | - Md Jawaid Akhtar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National University of Science and Technology, PO 620, PC 130, Azaiba, Bousher, Muscat, Oman
| | - Bhupinder Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, G.T Road, Moga, Punjab 142001, India.
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Zhang J, Xiao M, Ji X, Lai YS, Song Q, Zhang Y, Ip CM, Ng WL, Zuo Z. Inhibition of Radix Scutellariae flavones on carboxylesterase mediated activations of prodrugs. Life Sci 2022; 305:120743. [PMID: 35780840 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Carboxylesterase (CES) plays an essential role in the hydrolysis of ester prodrugs. Our study explored the inhibitions of Radix Scutellariae flavones, including baicalein (B), baicalin (BG), wogonin (W), wogonoside (WG), oroxylin A (OXA) and oroxylin A-7-O-glucuronide (OAG), on CES-mediated hydrolysis of seven prodrugs (capecitabine, clopidogrel, mycophenolate mofetil, dabigatran etexilate, acetylsalicylic acid, prasugrel and irinotecan). MAIN METHODS In vitro screenings were developed by incubating the flavones with prodrugs in rat plasma, intestine S9 and liver S9. Docking simulations were conducted using AMDock v1.5.2. In vivo evaluations were performed in rats co-administered with the selected flavone and prodrug via oral gavage/intravenous administration for five consecutive days. KEY FINDINGS The in vitro investigation showed that B and OXA demonstrated strongest inhibitions on the hydrolysis of irinotecan followed by dabigatran in rat plasma, intestine S9 and liver S9. Consistent results showed in the molecular docking analyses. Additionally, in rats receiving irinotecan, B/OXA intravenous and oral pre-treatments both led to reduction trends on the active metabolite SN-38 formation in plasma. Besides, significant decreases of SN-38/irinotecan plasma concentration ratios were found in the B/OXA oral pre-treatment group with quicker and stronger inhibition potential in OXA pre-treatment than that from B pre-treatment. OXA oral pre-treatment was also found to be able to significantly inhibit intestinal CES2 activities at 0.5 h and 5 h after irinotecan administration. SIGNIFICANCE Our current findings for the first time alert on potential CES-mediated HDIs between RS flavones and prodrugs, which provide a constructive information referring to rational drug combinations in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Min Xiao
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Xiaoyu Ji
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Yuen Sze Lai
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Qianbo Song
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Chung Man Ip
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Wai Lung Ng
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Zhong Zuo
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
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Getsy PM, Baby SM, May WJ, Young AP, Gaston B, Hodges MR, Forster HV, Bates JN, Wilson CG, Lewis THJ, Hsieh YH, Lewis SJ. D-Cysteine Ethyl Ester Reverses the Deleterious Effects of Morphine on Breathing and Arterial Blood-Gas Chemistry in Freely-Moving Rats. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:883329. [PMID: 35814208 PMCID: PMC9260251 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.883329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-penetrant thiol esters including the disulfides, D-cystine diethyl ester and D-cystine dimethyl ester, and the monosulfide, L-glutathione ethyl ester, prevent and/or reverse the deleterious effects of opioids, such as morphine and fentanyl, on breathing and gas exchange within the lungs of unanesthetized/unrestrained rats without diminishing the antinociceptive or sedative effects of opioids. We describe here the effects of the monosulfide thiol ester, D-cysteine ethyl ester (D-CYSee), on intravenous morphine-induced changes in ventilatory parameters, arterial blood-gas chemistry, alveolar-arterial (A-a) gradient (i.e., index of gas exchange in the lungs), and sedation and antinociception in freely-moving rats. The bolus injection of morphine (10 mg/kg, IV) elicited deleterious effects on breathing, including depression of tidal volume, minute ventilation, peak inspiratory flow, and inspiratory drive. Subsequent injections of D-CYSee (2 × 500 μmol/kg, IV, given 15 min apart) elicited an immediate and sustained reversal of these effects of morphine. Morphine (10 mg/kg, IV) also A-a gradient, which caused a mismatch in ventilation perfusion within the lungs, and elicited pronounced changes in arterial blood-gas chemistry, including pronounced decreases in arterial blood pH, pO2 and sO2, and equally pronounced increases in pCO2 (all responses indicative of decreased ventilatory drive). These deleterious effects of morphine were immediately reversed by the injection of a single dose of D-CYSee (500 μmol/kg, IV). Importantly, the sedation and antinociception elicited by morphine (10 mg/kg, IV) were minimally affected by D-CYSee (500 μmol/kg, IV). In contrast, none of the effects of morphine were affected by administration of the parent thiol, D-cysteine (1 or 2 doses of 500 μmol/kg, IV). Taken together, these data suggest that D-CYSee may exert its beneficial effects via entry into cells that mediate the deleterious effects of opioids on breathing and gas exchange. Whether D-CYSee acts as a respiratory stimulant or counteracts the inhibitory actions of µ-opioid receptor activation remains to be determined. In conclusion, D-CYSee and related thiol esters may have clinical potential for the reversal of the adverse effects of opioids on breathing and gas exchange, while largely sparing antinociception and sedation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina M. Getsy
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Santhosh M. Baby
- Department of Drug Discovery, Galleon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Horsham, PA, United States
| | - Walter J. May
- Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Alex P. Young
- Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Benjamin Gaston
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Matthew R. Hodges
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Hubert V. Forster
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - James N. Bates
- Department of Anesthesia, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Christopher G. Wilson
- Basic Sciences, Division of Physiology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Tristan H. J. Lewis
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Yee-Hee Hsieh
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Stephen J. Lewis
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
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Park MN, Um ES, Rahman MA, Kim JW, Park SS, Cho Y, Song H, Son SR, Jang DS, Kim W, Shim BS, Kim KI, Jang E, Kim B, Kim Y. Leonurus japonicus Houttuyn induces reactive oxygen species-mediated apoptosis via regulation of miR-19a-3p/PTEN/PI3K/AKT in U937 and THP-1 cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 291:115129. [PMID: 35217209 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Leonurus japonicus Houttuyn is a medicinal ingredient in more than 300 prescriptions in traditional Korean medicine. It is especially important for women's health and blood-related diseases. Recent research revealed that Leonurus japonicus Houttuyn extracts have antioxidative, anticancer, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. AIM OF THE STUDY However, its underlying anti-cancerous mechanisms remain unclear. This study elucidated the anticancer mechanism of Leonurus japonicus Houttuyn in U937 and THP-1 cancer cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used for detecting main compound of Leonurus japonicus Houttuyn, rutin. EZ-Cytox cell viability assay, Western blot analysis, live and dead cell assay, 2', 7' dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFDA) assay, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis, and microRNA (miR) mimic transfection assay were applied to further investigate anti-cancer efficacies and underlying mechanism in U937 and THP-1 cells. RESULTS The main compound of Leonurus japonicus Houttuyn, rutin was detected using HPLC. The cytotoxic effect of Leonurus japonicus Houttuyn was exerted in U937 and THP-1 cancer cells but not in MDBK and IEC-6 normal cells. Leonurus japonicus Houttuyn decreased mitochondria membrane potential (ΔΨm). Consistently, Leonurus japonicus Houttuyn reduced the expression of survivin and cleaved caspase-9, caspase-3, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Cell death was increased in Leonurus japonicus Houttuyn treated groups. Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) and CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) was increased and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) and Protein kinase B (AKT) were decreased by Leonurus japonicus Houttuyn. Reactive oxygen speices generation was elevated by Leonurus japonicus Houttuyn and its cytotoxicity was reversed by N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) pretreatment. Moreover, onco-microRNA (miR), miR-19a-3p was suppressed by Leonurus japonicus Houttuyn and transfection of miR-19a-3p mimic reversed the regulated PTEN, p-AKT, CHOP expression, attenuating Leonurus japonicus Houttuyn induced apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicated that Leonurus japonicus Houttuyn has anti-cancer effects by regulation of PTEN/PI3K/AKT signal pathway and ROS-related ER stress-induced apoptosis via regulation of miR-19a-3p. Leonurus japonicus Houttuyn may be an effective candidate for triggering PTEN-dependent apoptosis of cancer cells related to acute myeloid leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon Nyeo Park
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegidong Dongdaemungu, Seoul, 05253, Republic of Korea; Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegidong Dongdaemungu, Seoul, 05253, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun-Sik Um
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Md Ataur Rahman
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegidong Dongdaemungu, Seoul, 05253, Republic of Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong Woo Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegidong Dongdaemungu, Seoul, 05253, Republic of Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Se Sun Park
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegidong Dongdaemungu, Seoul, 05253, Republic of Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yongmin Cho
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegidong Dongdaemungu, Seoul, 05253, Republic of Korea; Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegidong Dongdaemungu, Seoul, 05253, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hangyul Song
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegidong Dongdaemungu, Seoul, 05253, Republic of Korea.
| | - So-Ri Son
- Collage of Science in Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Hoegidong Dongdaemungu, Seoul, 05253, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dae Sik Jang
- Collage of Science in Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Hoegidong Dongdaemungu, Seoul, 05253, Republic of Korea.
| | - Woojin Kim
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegidong Dongdaemungu, Seoul, 05253, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bum-Sang Shim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegidong Dongdaemungu, Seoul, 05253, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kwan-Il Kim
- Division of Allergy, Immune and Respiratory System, Department of Internal Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eungyeong Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bonglee Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegidong Dongdaemungu, Seoul, 05253, Republic of Korea; Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegidong Dongdaemungu, Seoul, 05253, Republic of Korea.
| | - Youngchul Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
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Guo J, Fang B, Bai H, Wang L, Peng B, Qin XJ, Fu L, Yao C, Li L, Huang W. Dual/Multi-responsive fluorogenic probes for multiple analytes in mitochondria: From design to applications. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Kondakala S, Henein L, McDevitt E, Ross MK, Howell GE. Effects of chlorpyrifos on non-cholinergic toxicity endpoints in immortalized and primary rat hepatocytes under normal and hepatosteatotic conditions. Toxicol In Vitro 2022; 80:105329. [PMID: 35151815 PMCID: PMC8944201 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2022.105329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos (CPS) is the most widely used organophosphate (OP) insecticide. Non-cholinergic targets of OPs include enzymes belonging to the serine hydrolase family. Carboxylesterases (Ces) are involved in detoxication of xenobiotics as well as lipid metabolism in the liver. Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) are responsible for hydrolyzing endocannabinoids and can also be inhibited by OP compounds. However, there are no in vitro studies examining the sensitivities of these non-cholinergic endpoints following CPS exposure in the steatotic liver. Therefore, we determined the effects of CPS on these endpoints in immortalized McArdle-RH7777 (MCA) hepatoma cells and primary rat hepatocytes under normal and steatotic conditions. Ces activity was more sensitive to inhibition than MAGL or FAAH activity following exposure to the lowest CPS concentration. Additionally, Ces and MAGL activities in steatotic primary hepatocytes were less sensitive to CPS mediated inhibition than those in normal primary hepatocytes, whereas Ces inhibition was more pronounced in steatotic MCA cells. These findings suggest that steatotic conditions enhance the inhibition of hepatic serine hydrolases following exposure to CPS in an enzyme- and cell type-specific manner. CPS-mediated inhibition of these enzymes may play a part in the alterations of hepatic lipid metabolism following OP exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- SandeepReddy Kondakala
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, 240 Wise Center Drive, P.O. Box 6100, Mississippi State, MS 39762, United States of America
| | - Lucie Henein
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, 240 Wise Center Drive, P.O. Box 6100, Mississippi State, MS 39762, United States of America
| | - Erin McDevitt
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, 240 Wise Center Drive, P.O. Box 6100, Mississippi State, MS 39762, United States of America
| | - Matthew K Ross
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, 240 Wise Center Drive, P.O. Box 6100, Mississippi State, MS 39762, United States of America
| | - George Eli Howell
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, 240 Wise Center Drive, P.O. Box 6100, Mississippi State, MS 39762, United States of America.
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41
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High-throughput optical assays for sensing serine hydrolases in living systems and their applications. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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42
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Qi YL, Wang HR, Chen LL, Yang B, Yang YS, He ZX, Zhu HL. Multifunctional Fluorescent Probe for Simultaneously Detecting Microviscosity, Micropolarity, and Carboxylesterases and Its Application in Bioimaging. Anal Chem 2022; 94:4594-4601. [PMID: 35255210 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Based on OR logic gate, we proposed a smart near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probe, named VPCPP, for simultaneously monitoring local microviscosity, micropolarity, and carboxylesterases (CEs) in living cells through blue and red channels. This proposed probe was capable of distinguishing cancer cells from normal cells and had good potential for identifying living liver cell lines. Furthermore, the fluctuations of the three analytes of interest in different cell status was successfully explored. Particularly, facilitated with high-content analysis (HCA) and VPCPP, a simple and efficient high-throughput screening (HTS) platform was first constructed for screening antitumor drugs and studying their effect on the analytes. For the first time, we found that sorafenib-induced ferroptosis led to an increase in the microviscosity and up-regulation of CEs at the same time. Additionally, the procedure that aristolochic acid (AA) induced the overexpression of CEs was verified. Besides, VPCPP was utilized for imaging the variations of the two microenvironment parameters and CEs in the inflammation model. Finally, VPCPP was able to image the tumor ex vivo and in vivo through two channels and one channel separately, as well as to visualize the kidneys and liver ex vivo with dual emissions, which indicated that the probe had great potential for imaging applications such as medical diagnosis, preclinical research, and imaging-guided surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Lin Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hai-Rong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Li-Li Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Bing Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Yu-Shun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.,Jinhua Advanced Research Institute, Jinhua 321019, China
| | - Zhen-Xiang He
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hai-Liang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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43
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de Souza HMR, Guedes JS, Freitas RHCN, Gelves LGV, Fokoue HH, Sant’Anna CMR, Barreiro EJ, Lima LM. Comparative chemical and biological hydrolytic stability of homologous esters and isosteres. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2022; 37:718-727. [PMID: 35156494 PMCID: PMC8856110 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2027933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hygor M. R. de Souza
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Fármacos e Medicamentos (INCT-INOFAR), Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio®), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), CCS, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- Pós-graduação em Química, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Jéssica S. Guedes
- Pós-graduação em Química, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Rosana H. C. N. Freitas
- Pós-graduação em Química, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Luis G. V. Gelves
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Fármacos e Medicamentos (INCT-INOFAR), Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio®), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), CCS, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Harold H. Fokoue
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Fármacos e Medicamentos (INCT-INOFAR), Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio®), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), CCS, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos – Farmanguinhos/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Carlos Mauricio R. Sant’Anna
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Fármacos e Medicamentos (INCT-INOFAR), Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio®), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), CCS, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Seropédica, Brasil
| | - Eliezer J. Barreiro
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Fármacos e Medicamentos (INCT-INOFAR), Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio®), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), CCS, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- Pós-graduação em Química, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Lidia M. Lima
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Fármacos e Medicamentos (INCT-INOFAR), Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio®), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), CCS, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- Pós-graduação em Química, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
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44
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Li H, Kim H, Xu F, Han J, Yao Q, Wang J, Pu K, Peng X, Yoon J. Activity-based NIR fluorescent probes based on the versatile hemicyanine scaffold: design strategy, biomedical applications, and outlook. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:1795-1835. [PMID: 35142301 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00307k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of a near-infrared (NIR, 650-900 nm) fluorescent chromophore hemicyanine dye with high structural tailorability is of great significance in the field of detection, bioimaging, and medical therapeutic applications. It exhibits many outstanding advantages including absorption and emission in the NIR region, tunable spectral properties, high photostability as well as a large Stokes shift. These properties are superior to those of conventional fluorogens, such as coumarin, fluorescein, naphthalimides, rhodamine, and cyanine. Researchers have made remarkable progress in developing activity-based multifunctional fluorescent probes based on hemicyanine skeletons for monitoring vital biomolecules in living systems through the output of fluorescence/photoacoustic signals, and integration of diagnosis and treatment of diseases using chemotherapy or photothermal/photodynamic therapy or combination therapy. These achievements prompted researchers to develop more smart fluorescent probes using a hemicyanine fluorogen as a template. In this review, we begin by describing the brief history of the discovery of hemicyanine dyes, synthetic approaches, and design strategies for activity-based functional fluorescent probes. Then, many selected hemicyanine-based probes that can detect ions, small biomolecules, overexpressed enzymes and diagnostic reagents for diseases are systematically highlighted. Finally, potential drawbacks and the outlook for future investigation and clinical medicine transformation of hemicyanine-based activatable functional probes are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China. .,School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Heejeong Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.
| | - Feng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China. .,The Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Jingjing Han
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.
| | - Qichao Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Jingyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China. .,School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Kanyi Pu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, 637457, Singapore. .,Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore
| | - Xiaojun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China. .,Research Institute of Dalian University of Technology in Shenzhen, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Juyoung Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.
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45
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Elkina NA, Shchegolkov EV, Burgart YV, Agafonova NA, Perminova AN, Gerasimova NA, Makhaeva GF, Rudakova EV, Kovaleva NV, Boltneva NP, Serebryakova OG, Borisevich SS, Evstigneeva NP, Zilberberg NV, Kungurov NV, Saloutin VI. Synthesis and biological evaluation of polyfluoroalkyl-containing 4-arylhydrazinylidene-isoxazoles as antifungal agents with antioxidant activity. J Fluor Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2021.109935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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46
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Intestine-specific ablation of the Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4a (Hnf4a) gene in mice has minimal impact on serum lipids and ileum gene expression profile due to upregulation of its paralog Hnf4g. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2022; 1867:159108. [PMID: 34973414 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.159108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Ablation of the gene encoding the nuclear receptor Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4a (Hnf4a) in the liver strongly affects HDL concentration, structure and functionality but the role of this receptor in the intestine, the second organ contributing to serum HDL levels, has been overlooked. In the present study we show that mice with intestine-specific ablation of Hnf4a (H4IntKO) had undetectable levels of ΗΝF4A in ileum, proximal and distal colon but normal expression in liver. H4IntKO mice presented normal serum lipid levels, HDL-C and particle size (α1-α3). The expression of the major HDL biogenesis genes Apoa1, Abca1, Lcat was not affected but there was significant increase in Apoc3 as well as in Hnf4g, a paralog of Hnf4a. RNA-sequencing identified metabolic pathways significantly affected by Hnf4a ablation such as type II diabetes, glycolysis, gluconeogenesis and p53 signaling. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed that HNF4G bound to various apolipoprotein gene promoters in control mice but its binding affinity was reduced in the ileum of H4IntKO mice suggesting a redundancy but also a cooperation between the two factors. In the distal colon of H4IntKO mice, where both HNF4A and HNF4G are absent and in a mouse model of DSS-induced colitis presenting decreased levels of HNF4A, most lipoprotein genes were strongly downregulated. In conclusion, Hnf4a ablation in mice does not significantly affect serum lipid levels or lipoprotein gene expression in ileum possibly due to compensatory effects by its paralog Hnf4g in this tissue.
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47
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Dou Z, Jia P, Chen X, Wu Z, Xu G, Ni Y. Structural and mechanistic insights into enantioselectivity toward near-symmetric esters of a novel carboxylesterase RoCE. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cy01542k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A novel carboxylesterase RoCE was identified with relatively high enantioselectivity toward “hard-to-be-discriminated” oxyheterocyclic esters. Molecular basis of enantioselectivity was elucidated and applied in increasing enantioselectivity of RoCE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Dou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng Jia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zheng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guochao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ye Ni
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
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48
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Singh AK, Nair AV, Singh NDP. Small Two-Photon Organic Fluorogenic Probes: Sensing and Bioimaging of Cancer Relevant Biomarkers. Anal Chem 2021; 94:177-192. [PMID: 34793114 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Asha V Nair
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - N D Pradeep Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
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49
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Jia Y, Wang J, Li P, Ma X, Han K. Directionally Modified Fluorophores for Super-Resolution Imaging of Target Enzymes: A Case Study with Carboxylesterases. J Med Chem 2021; 64:16177-16186. [PMID: 34694804 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In the need for improving the labeling quality of super-resolution imaging, multifarious fluorescent labeling strategies have sprang up. Among them, a small molecule inhibitor-probe (SMI-probe) shows its advancement in fine mapping due to its smaller size and its specific binding to a specific site. Herein, we report a novel protocol of mechanism-guided directional modification of fluorophores into fluorescent inhibitors for enzyme targeting, which could half the size of the SMI-probe. To confirm the feasibility of the strategy, carboxylesterase (hCE) inhibitors are designed and developed. Among the constructed molecule candidates, NIC-4 inhibited both isoforms of hCE1 and hCE2, with IC50 values of 4.56 and 4.11 μM. The CE-targeting specificity of NIC-4 was confirmed by colocalizing with an immunofluorescent probe in fixed-cell confocal imaging. Moreover, NIC-4 was used in live-cell super-resolution microscopy, which indicates dotlike structures instead of the larger staining with the immunofluorescent probe. Moreover, it enables the real-time tracking of dynamic flow of carboxylesterases in live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jiayue Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China.,College of Pharmacy, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Peng Li
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xiaochi Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Keli Han
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian 116023, China.,Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
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50
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Zhong Y, McGrath JK, Gong B. Dipropinonates of Sugar Alcohols as Water-Soluble, Nontoxic CPAs for DMSO-Free Cell Cryopreservation. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:4757-4762. [PMID: 34587440 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sorbitol, mannitol, xylitol, and erythritol, four readily available sugar alcohols with poor or no membrane permeability, are converted into their corresponding dipropionates by acylating their primary hydroxyl groups. With enhanced membrane permeability, these diesters are expected to permeate the cell membranes and, upon their hydrolysis, release the corresponding sugar alcohols inside the cells. NIH-3T3 cells incubated with these diesters before being frozen at -80 °C exhibited considerably higher total recovery over those incubated with the free sugar alcohols or media only. Among the four diesters, those of sorbitol, especially mannitol, showed cryoprotective effects comparable to that shown by 5% DMSO. This work has demonstrated the feasibility of converting readily available, naturally occurring compounds into membrane-permeable derivatives that serve as water-soluble, nontoxic alternatives to DMSO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Zhong
- The State University of New York at Buffalo, Department of Chemistry, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Jillian K McGrath
- The State University of New York at Buffalo, Department of Chemistry, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Bing Gong
- The State University of New York at Buffalo, Department of Chemistry, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
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