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Shin HG, Li X, Heo HY, Knutsson L, Szczepankiewicz F, Nilsson M, van Zijl PCM. Compartmental anisotropy of filtered exchange imaging (FEXI) in human white matter: What is happening in FEXI? Magn Reson Med 2024; 92:660-675. [PMID: 38525601 PMCID: PMC11142880 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.30086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effects of compartmental anisotropy on filtered exchange imaging (FEXI) in white matter (WM). THEORY AND METHODS FEXI signals were measured using multiple combinations of diffusion filter and detection directions in five healthy volunteers. Additional filters, including a trace-weighted diffusion filter with trapezoidal gradients, a spherical b-tensor encoded diffusion filter, and a T2 filter, were tested with trace-weighted diffusion detection. RESULTS A large range of apparent exchange rates (AXR) and both positive and negative filter efficiencies (σ) were found depending on the mutual orientation of the filter and detection gradients relative to WM fiber orientation. The data demonstrated that the fast-diffusion compartment suppressed by diffusional filtering is not exclusively extra-cellular, but also intra-cellular. While not comprehensive, a simple two-compartment diffusion tensor model with water exchange was able to account qualitatively for the trends in positive and negative filtering efficiencies, while standard model imaging (SMI) without exchange could not. This two-compartment diffusion tensor model also demonstrated smaller AXR variances across subjects. When employing trace-weighted diffusion detection, AXR values were on the order of the R1 (=1/T1) of water at 3T for crossing fibers, while being less than R1 for parallel fibers. CONCLUSION Orientation-dependent AXR and σ values were observed when using multi-orientation filter and detection gradients in FEXI, indicating that WM FEXI models need to account for compartmental anisotropy. When using trace-weighted detection, AXR values were on the order of or less than R1, complicating the interpretation of FEXI results in WM in terms of biological exchange properties. These findings may contribute toward better understanding of FEXI results in WM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeong-Geol Shin
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Xu Li
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hye-Young Heo
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Linda Knutsson
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Filip Szczepankiewicz
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Markus Nilsson
- Department of Radiology, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Medical Imaging and Physiology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Peter C M van Zijl
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Martinez JA, Yu VY, Tringale KR, Otazo R, Cohen O. Phase-sensitive deep reconstruction method for rapid multiparametric MR fingerprinting and quantitative susceptibility mapping in the brain. Magn Reson Imaging 2024; 109:147-157. [PMID: 38513790 PMCID: PMC11042874 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2024.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study explores the potential of Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting (MRF) with a novel Phase-Sensitivity Deep Reconstruction Network (PS-DRONE) for simultaneous quantification of T1, T2, Proton Density, B1+, phase and quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM). METHODS Data were acquired at 3 T in vitro and in vivo using an optimized EPI-based MRF sequence. Phantom experiments were conducted using a standardized phantom for T1 and T2 maps and a custom-made agar-based gadolinium phantom for B1 and QSM maps. In vivo experiments included five healthy volunteers and one patient diagnosed with brain metastasis. PSDRONE maps were compared to reference maps obtained through standard imaging sequences. RESULTS Total scan time was 2 min for 32 slices and a resolution of [1 mm, 1 mm, 4.5 mm]. The reconstruction of T1, T2, Proton Density, B1+ and phase maps were reconstructed within 1 s. In the phantoms, PS-DRONE analysis presented accurate and strongly correlated T1 and T2 maps (r = 0.99) compared to the reference maps. B1 maps from PS-DRONE showed slightly higher values, though still correlated (r = 0.6) with the reference. QSM values showed a small bias but were strongly correlated (r = 0.99) with reference data. In the in vivo analysis, PS-DRONE-derived T1 and T2 values for gray and white matter matched reference values in healthy volunteers. PS-DRONE B1 and QSM maps showed strong correlations with reference values. CONCLUSION The PS-DRONE network enables concurrent acquisition of T1, T2, PD, B1+, phase and QSM maps, within 2 min of acquisition time and 1 s of reconstruction time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Martinez
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York 10065, NY, USA.
| | - Victoria Y Yu
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York 10065, NY, USA
| | - Kathryn R Tringale
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York 10065, NY, USA
| | - Ricardo Otazo
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York 10065, NY, USA
| | - Ouri Cohen
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York 10065, NY, USA
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Radunsky D, Solomon C, Stern N, Blumenfeld-Katzir T, Filo S, Mezer A, Karsa A, Shmueli K, Soustelle L, Duhamel G, Girard OM, Kepler G, Shrot S, Hoffmann C, Ben-Eliezer N. A comprehensive protocol for quantitative magnetic resonance imaging of the brain at 3 Tesla. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297244. [PMID: 38820354 PMCID: PMC11142522 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Quantitative MRI (qMRI) has been shown to be clinically useful for numerous applications in the brain and body. The development of rapid, accurate, and reproducible qMRI techniques offers access to new multiparametric data, which can provide a comprehensive view of tissue pathology. This work introduces a multiparametric qMRI protocol along with full postprocessing pipelines, optimized for brain imaging at 3 Tesla and using state-of-the-art qMRI tools. The total scan time is under 50 minutes and includes eight pulse-sequences, which produce range of quantitative maps including T1, T2, and T2* relaxation times, magnetic susceptibility, water and macromolecular tissue fractions, mean diffusivity and fractional anisotropy, magnetization transfer ratio (MTR), and inhomogeneous MTR. Practical tips and limitations of using the protocol are also provided and discussed. Application of the protocol is presented on a cohort of 28 healthy volunteers and 12 brain regions-of-interest (ROIs). Quantitative values agreed with previously reported values. Statistical analysis revealed low variability of qMRI parameters across subjects, which, compared to intra-ROI variability, was x4.1 ± 0.9 times higher on average. Significant and positive linear relationship was found between right and left hemispheres' values for all parameters and ROIs with Pearson correlation coefficients of r>0.89 (P<0.001), and mean slope of 0.95 ± 0.04. Finally, scan-rescan stability demonstrated high reproducibility of the measured parameters across ROIs and volunteers, with close-to-zero mean difference and without correlation between the mean and difference values (across map types, mean P value was 0.48 ± 0.27). The entire quantitative data and postprocessing scripts described in the manuscript are publicly available under dedicated GitHub and Figshare repositories. The quantitative maps produced by the presented protocol can promote longitudinal and multi-center studies, and improve the biological interpretability of qMRI by integrating multiple metrics that can reveal information, which is not apparent when examined using only a single contrast mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dvir Radunsky
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Chen Solomon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Neta Stern
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Shir Filo
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Aviv Mezer
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Anita Karsa
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Karin Shmueli
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Gal Kepler
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, Faculty of Life Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shai Shrot
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Chen Hoffmann
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Noam Ben-Eliezer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R), New-York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
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Niu L, Zhou Y, Wang J, Zeng W. Nuclear translocation of STAT5 initiates iron overload in huntington's disease by up-regulating IRP1 expression. Metab Brain Dis 2024; 39:559-567. [PMID: 38261161 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-024-01340-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Mutant huntingtin (mHtt) proteins interact to form aggregates, disrupting cellular functions including transcriptional dysregulation and iron imbalance in patients with Huntington's disease (HD) and mouse disease models. Previous studies have indicated that mHtt may lead to abnormal iron homeostasis by upregulating the expression of iron response protein 1 (IRP1) in the striatum and cortex of N171-82Q HD transgenic mice, as well as in HEK293 cells expressing the N-terminal fragment of mHtt containing 160 CAG repeats. However, the mechanism underlying the upregulation of IRP1 remains unclear. We investigated the levels and phosphorylation status of signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) in the brains of N171-82Q HD transgenic mice using immunohistochemistry staining. We also assessed the nuclear localization of STAT5 protein through western blot and immunofluorescence, and measured the relative RNA expression levels of STAT5 and IRP1 using RT-PCR in both N171-82Q HD transgenic mice and HEK293 cells expressing the N-terminal fragment of huntingtin. Our findings demonstrate that the transcription factor STAT5 regulates the transcription of the IPR1 gene in HEK293 cells. Notably, both the brains of N171-82Q mice and 160Q HEK293 cells exhibited increased nuclear content of STAT5, despite unchanged total STAT5 expression. These results suggest that mHtt promotes the nuclear translocation of STAT5, leading to enhanced expression of IRP1. The nuclear translocation of STAT5 initiates abnormal iron homeostatic pathways, characterized by elevated IRP1 expression, increased levels of transferrin and transferrin receptor, and iron accumulation in the brains of HD mice. These findings provide valuable insights into potential therapeutic strategies targeting iron homeostasis in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Niu
- Department of Pathology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 430071, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongze Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 430071, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Pathology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 430071, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Zeng
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, 430071, Wuhan, China.
- Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Centre & Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 430071, Wuhan, China.
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Voltin J, Nunn LM, Watson Z, Brasher ZE, Adisetiyo V, Hanlon CA, Nietert PJ, McRae-Clark AL, Jensen JH. Comparison of three magnetic resonance imaging measures of brain iron in healthy and cocaine use disorder participants. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2024; 37:e5072. [PMID: 38009303 PMCID: PMC10922943 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.5072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Several magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures for quantifying endogenous nonheme brain iron have been proposed. These correspond to distinct physical properties with varying sensitivities and specificities to iron. Moreover, they may depend not only on tissue iron concentration, but also on the intravoxel spatial pattern of iron deposition, which is complex in many brain regions. Here, the three MRI brain iron measures of R 2 * , magnetic field correlation (MFC), and magnetic susceptibility are compared in several deep gray matter regions for both healthy participants (HPs) and individuals with cocaine use disorder (CUD). Their concordance is assessed from their correlations with each other and their relative dependencies on age. In addition, associations between the iron measures and microstructure in adjacent white matter regions are investigated by calculating their correlations with diffusion MRI measures from the internal capsule, and associations with cognition are determined by using results from a battery of standardized tests relevant to CUD. It is found that all three iron measures are strongly correlated with each other for the considered gray matter regions, but with correlation coefficients substantially less than one indicating important differences. The age dependencies of all three measures are qualitatively similar in most regions, except for the red nucleus, where the susceptibility has a significantly stronger correlation with age than R 2 * . Weak to moderate correlations are seen for the iron measures with several of the diffusion and cognitive measures, with the strongest correlations being obtained for R 2 * . The iron measures differ little between the HP and CUD groups, although susceptibility is significantly lower in the red nucleus for the CUD group. For the comparisons made, the iron measures behave similarly in most respects, but with notable quantitative differences. It is suggested that these differences may be, in part, attributable to a higher sensitivity to the spatial pattern of iron deposition for R 2 * and MFC than for susceptibility. This is supported most strongly by a sharp contrast between the values of the iron measures in the globus pallidus relative to those in the red nucleus. The observed correlations of the iron measures with diffusion and cognitive scores point to possible connections between gray matter iron, white matter microstructure, and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Voltin
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Lisa M. Nunn
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Zoe Watson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Zoe E. Brasher
- Department of Behavioral Science and Neuroscience, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Vitria Adisetiyo
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Colleen A. Hanlon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Paul J. Nietert
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Aimee L. McRae-Clark
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Jens H. Jensen
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
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LoCastro E, Paudyal R, Konar AS, LaViolette PS, Akin O, Hatzoglou V, Goh AC, Bochner BH, Rosenberg J, Wong RJ, Lee NY, Schwartz LH, Shukla-Dave A. A Quantitative Multiparametric MRI Analysis Platform for Estimation of Robust Imaging Biomarkers in Clinical Oncology. Tomography 2023; 9:2052-2066. [PMID: 37987347 PMCID: PMC10661267 DOI: 10.3390/tomography9060161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a need to develop user-friendly imaging tools estimating robust quantitative biomarkers (QIBs) from multiparametric (mp)MRI for clinical applications in oncology. Quantitative metrics derived from (mp)MRI can monitor and predict early responses to treatment, often prior to anatomical changes. We have developed a vendor-agnostic, flexible, and user-friendly MATLAB-based toolkit, MRI-Quantitative Analysis and Multiparametric Evaluation Routines ("MRI-QAMPER", current release v3.0), for the estimation of quantitative metrics from dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) and multi-b value diffusion-weighted (DW) MR and MR relaxometry. MRI-QAMPER's functionality includes generating numerical parametric maps from these methods reflecting tumor permeability, cellularity, and tissue morphology. MRI-QAMPER routines were validated using digital reference objects (DROs) for DCE and DW MRI, serving as initial approval stages in the National Cancer Institute Quantitative Imaging Network (NCI/QIN) software benchmark. MRI-QAMPER has participated in DCE and DW MRI Collaborative Challenge Projects (CCPs), which are key technical stages in the NCI/QIN benchmark. In a DCE CCP, QAMPER presented the best repeatability coefficient (RC = 0.56) across test-retest brain metastasis data, out of ten participating DCE software packages. In a DW CCP, QAMPER ranked among the top five (out of fourteen) tools with the highest area under the curve (AUC) for prostate cancer detection. This platform can seamlessly process mpMRI data from brain, head and neck, thyroid, prostate, pancreas, and bladder cancer. MRI-QAMPER prospectively analyzes dose de-escalation trial data for oropharyngeal cancer, which has earned it advanced NCI/QIN approval for expanded usage and applications in wider clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eve LoCastro
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (E.L.); (R.P.); (A.S.K.)
| | - Ramesh Paudyal
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (E.L.); (R.P.); (A.S.K.)
| | - Amaresha Shridhar Konar
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (E.L.); (R.P.); (A.S.K.)
| | - Peter S. LaViolette
- Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA;
| | - Oguz Akin
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (O.A.); (V.H.); (L.H.S.)
| | - Vaios Hatzoglou
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (O.A.); (V.H.); (L.H.S.)
| | - Alvin C. Goh
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (A.C.G.); (B.H.B.); (R.J.W.)
| | - Bernard H. Bochner
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (A.C.G.); (B.H.B.); (R.J.W.)
| | - Jonathan Rosenberg
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Richard J. Wong
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (A.C.G.); (B.H.B.); (R.J.W.)
| | - Nancy Y. Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Lawrence H. Schwartz
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (O.A.); (V.H.); (L.H.S.)
| | - Amita Shukla-Dave
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (E.L.); (R.P.); (A.S.K.)
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (O.A.); (V.H.); (L.H.S.)
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Kim TJ, Kim MH, Kim JH, Jun JS, Byun JI, Sunwoo JS, Shin JW, Gho SM, Sohn CH, Jung KY. Change of iron content in brain regions after intravenous iron therapy in restless legs syndrome: quantitative susceptibility mapping study. Sleep 2023; 46:zsad154. [PMID: 37257418 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsad154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES The pathomechanism of restless legs syndrome (RLS) is related to brain iron deficiency and iron therapy is effective for RLS; however, the effect of iron therapy on human brain iron state has never been studied with magnetic resonance imaging. This study aimed to investigate the change of brain iron concentrations in patients with RLS after intravenous iron therapy using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM). METHODS We enrolled 31 RLS patients and 20 healthy controls. All participants underwent initial baseline (t0) assessment using brain magnetic resonance imaging, serum iron status, and sleep questionnaires including international RLS Study Group rating scale (IRLS). RLS patients underwent follow-up tests at 6 and 24 weeks (t1 and t2) after receiving 1000 mg ferric carboxymaltose. Iron content of region-of-interest on QSM images was measured for 13 neural substrates using the fixed-shaped method. RESULTS RLS symptoms evaluated using IRLS were significantly improved after iron treatment (t0: 29.7 ± 6.5, t1: 19.5 ± 8.5, t2: 21.3 ± 10.1; p < .001). There was no significant difference in susceptibility values between the controls and RLS patients at t0. In the caudate nucleus, putamen, and pulvinar thalamus of RLS patients, the QSM values differed significantly for three timepoints (p = .035, .048, and .032, respectively). The post-hoc analysis revealed that the QSM values increased at t1 in the caudate nucleus (66.8 ± 18.0 vs 76.4 ± 16.6, p = .037) and decreased from t1 to t2 in the putamen (69.4 ± 16.3 vs 62.5 ± 13.6, p = .025). Changes in the QSM values for the pulvinar and caudate nuclei at t1 were positively and negatively correlated with symptomatic improvement, respectively (r = 0.361 and -0.466, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Intravenous iron treatment results in changes in brain iron content which correlate to reductions in RLS severity. This suggests a connection between symptom improvement and the associated specific brain regions constituting the sensorimotor network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Joon Kim
- Department of Neurology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neurology, Ajou University Hospital, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Hye Kim
- Department of Neurology, Ajou University Hospital, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hwan Kim
- Department of Neurology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Sun Jun
- Department of Neurology, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Ick Byun
- Department of Neurology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Sang Sunwoo
- Department of Neurology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Won Shin
- Department of Neurology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Min Gho
- MR Clinical Solutions & Research Collaborations, GE Healthcare, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Sohn
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Young Jung
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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8
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Tro' R, Roascio M, Arnulfo G, Tortora D, Severino M, Rossi A, Napolitano A, Fato MM. Influence of adaptive denoising on Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging at 3T and 7T. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2023; 234:107508. [PMID: 37018885 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2023.107508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Choosing the most appropriate denoising method to improve the quality of diagnostic images maximally is key in pre-processing of diffusion MRI images. Recent advancements in acquisition and reconstruction techniques have questioned traditional noise estimation methods favoring adaptive denoising frameworks, circumventing the need to know a priori information that is hardly available in a clinical setting. In this observational study, we compared two innovative adaptive techniques sharing some features, Patch2Self and Nlsam, through application on reference adult data at 3T and 7T. The primary aim was identifying the most effective method in case of Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging (DKI) data - particularly susceptible to noise and signal fluctuations - at 3T and 7T fields. A side goal consisted of investigating the dependence of kurtosis metrics' variability with respect to the magnetic field on the adopted denoising methodology. METHODS For comparison purposes, we focused on qualitative and quantitative analysis of DKI data and related microstructural maps before and after applying the two denoising approaches. Specifically, we assessed computational efficiency, preservation of anatomical details via perceptual metrics, consistency of microstructure model fitting, alleviation of degeneracies in model estimation, and joint variability with varying field strength and denoising method. RESULTS Accounting for all these factors, Patch2Self framework has turned out to be specifically suitable for DKI data, with improving performance at 7T. Nlsam method is more robust in alleviating degenerate black voxels while introducing some blurring, which in turn is reflected in an overall loss of image sharpness. Regarding the impact of denoising on field-dependent variability, both methods have been shown to make variations from standard to Ultra-High Field more concordant with theoretical evidence, claiming that kurtosis metrics are sensitive to susceptibility-induced background gradients, directly proportional to the magnetic field strength and sensitive to the microscopic distribution of iron and myelin. CONCLUSIONS This study serves as a proof-of-concept stressing the need for an accurate choice of a denoising methodology, specifically tailored for the data under analysis and allowing higher spatial resolution acquisition within clinically compatible timings, with all the potential benefits that improving suboptimal quality of diagnostic images entails.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosella Tro'
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering Robotics and System Engineering (DIBRIS), University of Genoa, Via all'Opera Pia, 13, Genoa 16145, Italy; RAISE Ecosystem, Genova, Italy.
| | - Monica Roascio
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering Robotics and System Engineering (DIBRIS), University of Genoa, Via all'Opera Pia, 13, Genoa 16145, Italy; RAISE Ecosystem, Genova, Italy
| | - Gabriele Arnulfo
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering Robotics and System Engineering (DIBRIS), University of Genoa, Via all'Opera Pia, 13, Genoa 16145, Italy; Neuroscience Center Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; RAISE Ecosystem, Genova, Italy
| | - Domenico Tortora
- Neuroradiology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Rossi
- Neuroradiology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy; Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Marco M Fato
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering Robotics and System Engineering (DIBRIS), University of Genoa, Via all'Opera Pia, 13, Genoa 16145, Italy; RAISE Ecosystem, Genova, Italy
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Ferizi U, Müller-Oehring EM, Peterson ET, Pohl KM. The distortions of the free water model for diffusion MRI data when assuming single compartment relaxometry and proton density. Phys Med Biol 2023; 68:10.1088/1361-6560/acb30b. [PMID: 36638532 PMCID: PMC10100575 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/acb30b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective.To document the bias of thesimplifiedfree water model of diffusion MRI (dMRI) signal vis-à-vis aspecificmodel which, in addition to diffusion, incorporates compartment-specific proton density (PD), T1 recovery during repetition time (TR), and T2 decay during echo time (TE).Approach.Both models assume that volume fractionfof the total signal in any voxel arises from the free water compartment (fw) such as cerebrospinal fluid or edema, and the remainder (1-f) from hindered water (hw) which is constrained by cellular structures such as white matter (WM). Thespecificandsimplifiedmodels are compared on a synthetic dataset, using a range of PD, T1 and T2 values. We then fit the models to anin vivohealthy brain dMRI dataset. For bothsyntheticandin vivodata we use experimentally feasible TR, TE, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and physiologically plausible diffusion profiles.Main results.From the simulations we see that the difference between the estimatedsimplified fandspecific fis largest for mid-range ground-truthf, and it increases as SNR increases. The estimation of volume fractionfis sensitive to the choice of model,simplifiedorspecific, but the estimated diffusion parameters are robust to small perturbations in the simulation.Specific fis more accurate and precise thansimplified f. In the white matter (WM) regions of thein vivoimages,specific fis lower thansimplified f.Significance.In dMRI models for free water, accounting for compartment specific PD, T1 and T2, in addition to diffusion, improves the estimation of model parameters. This extra model specification attenuates the estimation bias of compartmental volume fraction without affecting the estimation of other diffusion parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uran Ferizi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Eva M Müller-Oehring
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Eric T Peterson
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, United States of America
| | - Kilian M Pohl
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, United States of America
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10
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Mapping myelin in white matter with T1-weighted/T2-weighted maps: discrepancy with histology and other myelin MRI measures. Brain Struct Funct 2023; 228:525-535. [PMID: 36692695 PMCID: PMC9944377 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-022-02600-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The ratio of T1-weighted/T2-weighted magnetic resonance images (T1w/T2w MRI) has been successfully applied at the cortical level since 2011 and is now one of the most used myelin mapping methods. However, no reports have explored the histological validity of T1w/T2w myelin mapping in white matter. Here we compare T1w/T2w with ex vivo postmortem histology and in vivo MRI methods, namely quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) and multi-echo T2 myelin water fraction (MWF) mapping techniques. We report a discrepancy between T1w/T2w myelin maps of the human corpus callosum and the histology and analyse the putative causes behind such discrepancy. T1w/T2w does not positively correlate with Luxol Fast Blue (LFB)-Optical Density but shows a weak to moderate, yet significant, negative correlation. On the contrary, MWF is strongly and positively correlated with LFB, whereas T1w/T2w and MWF maps are weakly negatively correlated. The discrepancy between T1w/T2w MRI maps, MWF and histological myelin maps suggests caution in using T1w/T2w as a white matter mapping method at the callosal level. While T1w/T2w imaging may correlate with myelin content at the cortical level, it is not a specific method to map myelin density in white matter.
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11
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Luo J, Collingwood JF. Effective R 2 relaxation rate, derived from dual-contrast fast-spin-echo MRI, enables detection of hemisphere differences in iron level and dopamine function in Parkinson's disease and healthy individuals. J Neurosci Methods 2022; 382:109708. [PMID: 36089168 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2022.109708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical estimates of brain iron concentration are achievable with quantitative transverse relaxation rate R2, via time-consuming multiple spin-echo (SE) sequences. The objective of this study was to investigate whether quantitative iron-sensitive information may be derived from 3.0 T dual-contrast fast-spin-echo (FSE) sequences (typically employed in anatomical non-quantitative evaluations), as a routinely-collected alternative to evaluate iron levels in healthy (HC) and Parkinson's disease (PD) brains. NEW METHOD MRI 3.0 T FSE data from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) (12 PD, 12 age- and gender-matched HC subjects) were cross-sectionally and longitudinally evaluated. A new measure, 'effective R2', was calculated for bilateral subcortical grey matter (caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, red nucleus, substantia nigra). Linear regression analysis was performed to correlate 'effective R2' with models of age-dependent brain iron concentration and striatal dopamine transporter (DaT) receptor binding ratio. RESULTS Effective R2 was strongly correlated with estimated brain iron concentration. In PD, putaminal effective R2 difference was observed between the hemispheres contra-/ipsi-lateral to the predominantly symptomatic side at onset. This hemispheric difference was correlated with the putaminal DaT binding ratios in PD. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHOD(S) Effective R2, derived from rapid dual-contrast FSE sequences, showed viability as an alternative to R2 from SE sequences. Linear correlation of effective R2 with estimated iron concentration was comparable to documented iron-dependent R2. The effective R2 correlation coefficient was consistent with theoretical R2 iron-dependence at 3.0 T. CONCLUSIONS Effective R2 has clinical potential as a fast quantitative method, as an alternative to R2, to aid evaluation of brain iron levels and DaT function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jierong Luo
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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12
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Khedher L, Bonny JM, Marques A, Durand E, Pereira B, Chupin M, Vidal T, Chassain C, Defebvre L, Carriere N, Fraix V, Moro E, Thobois S, Metereau E, Mangone G, Vidailhet M, Corvol JC, Lehéricy S, Menjot de Champfleur N, Geny C, Spampinato U, Meissner W, Frismand S, Schmitt E, Doé de Maindreville A, Portefaix C, Remy P, Fénelon G, Luc Houeto J, Colin O, Rascol O, Peran P, Durif F. Intrasubject subcortical quantitative referencing to boost MRI sensitivity to Parkinson's disease. Neuroimage Clin 2022; 36:103231. [PMID: 36279753 PMCID: PMC9668635 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.103231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Several postmortem studies have shown iron accumulation in the substantia nigra of Parkinson's disease patients. Iron concentration can be estimated via MRI-R2∗ mapping. To assess the changes in R2∗ occurring in Parkinson's disease patients compared to controls, a multicentre transversal study was carried out on a large cohort of Parkinson's disease patients (n = 163) with matched controls (n = 82). In this study, 44 patients and 11 controls were removed due to motion artefacts, 21 patient and 6 controls to preserve matching. Thus, 98 patients and 65 age and sex-matched healthy subjects were selected with enough image quality. The study was conducted on patients with early to late stage Parkinson's disease. The images were acquired at 3Tesla in 12 clinical centres. R2∗ values were measured in subcortical regions of interest (substantia nigra, red nucleus, striatum, globus pallidus externus and globus pallidus internus) contralateral (dominant side) and ipsilateral (non dominant side) to the most clinically affected hemibody. As the observed inter-subject R2∗ variability was significantly higher than the disease effect, an original strategy (intrasubject subcortical quantitative referencing, ISQR) was developed using the measurement of R2∗ in the red nucleus as an intra-subject reference. R2∗ values significantly increased in Parkinson's disease patients when compared with controls; in the substantia nigra (SN) in the dominant side (D) and in the non dominant side (ND), respectively (PSN_D and PSN_ND < 0.0001). After stratification into four subgroups according to the disease duration, no significant R2∗ difference was found in all regions of interest when comparing Parkinson's disease subgroups. By applying our ISQR strategy, R2(ISQR)∗ values significantly increased in the substantia nigra (PSN_D and PSN_ND < 0.0001) when comparing all Parkinson's disease patients to controls. R2(ISQR)∗ values in the substantia nigra significantly increased with the disease duration (PSN_D = 0.01; PSN_ND = 0.03) as well as the severity of the disease (Hoehn & Yahr scale <2 and ≥ 2, PSN_D = 0.02). Additionally, correlations between R2(ISQR)∗ and clinical features, mainly related to the severity of the disease, were found. Our results support the use of ISQR to reduce variations not directly related to Parkinson's disease, supporting the concept that ISQR strategy is useful for the evaluation of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila Khedher
- University Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, France,AgroResonance, INRAE, 2018. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Facility for Agronomy, Food and Health, doi: 10.15454/1.5572398324758228E12, France,Corresponding author at: AgroResonance, INRAE, UR370 QuaPA, Saint-Genès-Champanelle F-63122, France.
| | - Jean-Marie Bonny
- AgroResonance, INRAE, 2018. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Facility for Agronomy, Food and Health, doi: 10.15454/1.5572398324758228E12, France,AgroResonance UR370 QuaPA - INRAE, Saint-Genès-Champanelle 63122, France
| | - Ana Marques
- University Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, France,Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Neurology Department and NS-PARK/FCRIN Network, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Elodie Durand
- University Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, France,Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Neurology Department and NS-PARK/FCRIN Network, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bruno Pereira
- Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Biostatistics Unit (DRCI), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marie Chupin
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - ICM, CATI, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Inserm, CNRS, Département de Neurologie and NS-PARK/FCRIN Network, CIC Neurosciences, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Tiphaine Vidal
- University Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, France,Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Neurology Department and NS-PARK/FCRIN Network, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Carine Chassain
- University Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, France,Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Neurology Department and NS-PARK/FCRIN Network, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Luc Defebvre
- Department of Movement Disorder and NS-PARK/FCRIN Network, Inserm 1172 University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Nicolas Carriere
- Department of Movement Disorder and NS-PARK/FCRIN Network, Inserm 1172 University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Valerie Fraix
- Service de Neurologie, CHU de Grenoble and NS-PARK/FCRIN Network, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institute of Neuroscience, Grenoble, France
| | - Elena Moro
- Service de Neurologie, CHU de Grenoble and NS-PARK/FCRIN Network, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institute of Neuroscience, Grenoble, France
| | - Stéphane Thobois
- CNRS, Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR 5229 CNRS, Lyon, France,Université Claude Bernard, Lyon I, Lyon, France,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Service de Neurologie C and NS-PARK/FCRIN Network, Lyon, France
| | - Elise Metereau
- CNRS, Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR 5229 CNRS, Lyon, France,Université Claude Bernard, Lyon I, Lyon, France,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Service de Neurologie C and NS-PARK/FCRIN Network, Lyon, France
| | - Graziella Mangone
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - ICM, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Inserm, CNRS, Département de Neurologie and NS-PARK/FCRIN Network, CIC Neurosciences, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Marie Vidailhet
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - ICM, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Inserm, CNRS, Département de Neurologie and NS-PARK/FCRIN Network, CIC Neurosciences, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Corvol
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - ICM, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Inserm, CNRS, Département de Neurologie and NS-PARK/FCRIN Network, CIC Neurosciences, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Lehéricy
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - ICM, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Inserm, CNRS, Département de Neurologie and NS-PARK/FCRIN Network, CIC Neurosciences, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Menjot de Champfleur
- Department of Neuroradiology, Montpellier University Hospital Center, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier, France,I2FH, Institut d'Imagerie Fonctionnelle Humaine, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, CHRU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Christian Geny
- Department of Geriatrics and NS-PARK/FCRIN Network, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France,EuroMov Laboratory, University of Montpellier, 700 Avenue du Pic Saint Loup, Montpellier, Montpellier 34090, France
| | - Umberto Spampinato
- Service de Neurologie - Maladies Neurodégénératives and NS-PARK/FCRIN Network, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux F-33000, France
| | - Wassilios Meissner
- Service de Neurologie - Maladies Neurodégénératives and NS-PARK/FCRIN Network, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux F-33000, France,Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, IMN, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, Bordeaux F-33000, France,Dept. Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Solène Frismand
- Service de Neurologie and NS-PARK/FCRIN Network, CHRU-Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - Emmanuelle Schmitt
- Service de Neurologie and NS-PARK/FCRIN Network, CHRU-Nancy, Nancy, France
| | | | - Christophe Portefaix
- Department of Radiology, Hôpital Maison blanche, Reims, France,CReSTIC Laboratory (EA 3804), University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Philippe Remy
- Centre Expert Parkinson and NS-PARK/FCRIN Network, CHU Henri Mondor, AP-HP et Equipe Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle, INSERM-IMRB, Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil et Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris Sorbonne Université, Créteil, France
| | - Gilles Fénelon
- Centre Expert Parkinson and NS-PARK/FCRIN Network, CHU Henri Mondor, AP-HP et Equipe Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle, INSERM-IMRB, Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil et Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris Sorbonne Université, Créteil, France
| | - Jean Luc Houeto
- INSERM, CHU de Poitiers, Université de Poitiers, Centre d’Investigation Clinique CIC1402, Service de Neurologie and NS-PARK/FCRIN Network, Poitiers, France – CHU - Centre Expert Parkinson de Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Olivier Colin
- INSERM, CHU de Poitiers, Université de Poitiers, Centre d’Investigation Clinique CIC1402, Service de Neurologie and NS-PARK/FCRIN Network, Poitiers, France– CH Brive la Gaillarde, France
| | - Olivier Rascol
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique CIC 1436, UMR 1214 TONIC and NS-PARK/FCRIN Network, INSERM, CHU de Toulouse et Université de Toulouse3, Toulouse, France
| | - Patrice Peran
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique CIC 1436, UMR 1214 TONIC and NS-PARK/FCRIN Network, INSERM, CHU de Toulouse et Université de Toulouse3, Toulouse, France
| | - Franck Durif
- University Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, France,Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Neurology Department and NS-PARK/FCRIN Network, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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13
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Madore B, Jerosch-Herold M, Chiou JYG, Cheng CC, Guenette JP, Mihai G. A relaxometry method that emphasizes practicality and availability. Magn Reson Med 2022; 88:2208-2216. [PMID: 35877783 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although many methods have been proposed to quantitatively map the main MRI parameters (e.g., T1 , T2 , C × M0 ), these methods often involve special sequences not readily available on clinical scanners and/or may require long scan times. In contrast, the proposed method can readily run on most scanners, offer flexible tradeoffs between scan time and image quality, and map MRI parameters jointly to ensure spatial alignment. METHODS The approach is based on the multi-shot spin-echo (SE) EPI sequence. The corresponding signal equation was derived and strategies for solving it were developed. As usual with multi-shot EPI, scan time can readily be traded-off against image quality by adjusting the echo train length. Validation was performed against reference relaxometry methods, in gel phantoms with varying concentrations of gadobutrol and gadoterate meglumine contrast agents. In vivo examples are further presented, from 3 neuroradiology patients. RESULTS Bland-Altman analysis was performed: for T2 , as compared to 2D SE, bias was 0.29 ms and the 95% limits of agreement ranged from -1.15 to +1.73 ms. For T1 , compared to inversion-recovery SE (and MOLLI), bias was -20.2 ms (and -14.5 ms) and the limits of agreement ranged from -62.4 to +22.0 ms (and -53.8 to +24.9 ms). The mean relative T1 error between the proposed method and each of the 2 reference methods was similar to that of the reference methods among themselves. CONCLUSION In the constellation of existing relaxometry methods, the proposed method is meant to stand out in terms of its practicality and availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Madore
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael Jerosch-Herold
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jr-Yuan George Chiou
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Cheng-Chieh Cheng
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jeffrey P Guenette
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Georgeta Mihai
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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14
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Balasubramanian M, Mulkern RV, Polimeni JR. In vivo irreversible and reversible transverse relaxation rates in human cerebral cortex via line scans at 7 T with 250 micron resolution perpendicular to the cortical surface. Magn Reson Imaging 2022; 90:44-52. [PMID: 35398027 PMCID: PMC9930184 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how and why MR signals and their associated relaxation rates vary with cortical depth could ultimately enable the noninvasive investigation of the laminar architecture of cerebral cortex in the living human brain. However, cortical gray matter is typically only a few millimeters thick, making it challenging to sample many cortical depths with the voxel sizes commonly used in MRI studies. Line-scan techniques provide a way to overcome this challenge and here we implemented a novel line-scan GESSE pulse sequence that allowed us to measure irreversible and reversible transverse relaxation rates-R2 and R2´, respectively-with extremely high resolution (250 μm) in the radial direction, perpendicular to the cortical surface. Eight healthy human subjects were scanned at 7 T using this sequence, with primary visual cortex (V1) targeted in three subjects and primary motor (M1) and somatosensory cortex (S1) targeted in the other five. In all three cortical areas, a peak in R2 values near the central depths was seen consistently across subjects-an observation that has not been made before, to our knowledge. On the other hand, no consistent pattern was apparent for R2´ values as a function of cortical depth. The intracortical R2 peak reported here is unlikely to be explained by myelin content or by deoxyhemoglobin in the microvasculature; however, this peak is in accord with the laminar distribution of non-heme iron in these cortical areas, known from prior histology studies. Obtaining information about tissue microstructure via measurements of transverse relaxation (and other quantitative MR contrast mechanisms) at the extremely high radial resolutions achievable through the use of line-scan techniques could therefore bring us closer to being able to perform "in vivo histology" of the cerebral cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukund Balasubramanian
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Robert V. Mulkern
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Radiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan R. Polimeni
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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15
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Prado-Rico JM, Lee EY, Wang EW, Yanosky JD, Kong L, Chen H, Navas-Acien A, Du G, Lewis MM, Mailman RB, Huang X. Higher R2* in the Red Nucleus Is Associated With Lead Exposure in an Asymptomatic Welder Cohort. Toxicol Sci 2022; 187:345-354. [PMID: 35357496 PMCID: PMC9154244 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfac035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lead is a nonessential metal and may be a coexposure in welding fumes. Preclinical data indicate lead may affect iron regulation. The current study investigated blood lead concentrations and their association with brain iron accumulation in workers with chronic welding fume exposure, with a focus on iron-rich subcortical regions of the cerebellum and basal ganglia. Occupational exposure, whole blood metal, and brain MRI data were obtained from 29 controls and 42 welders. R2* (1/T2*) and R1 (T1 relaxation rate) values were used to estimate brain iron and manganese content, respectively. Blood metals and brain R2* (in the red nucleus [RN], dentate nucleus, caudate, putamen, globus pallidus, and substantia nigra) were compared between groups. Associations between brain R2* values and exposure metrics were tested within each group, and analyses were adjusted for potential confounders. Welders had significantly higher levels of whole blood lead, manganese, iron, and copper. Welders also had higher R2* RN (p = .002), but not R1. A 2nd-order polynomial modeled the association between R2* RN and a long-term welding exposure metric. In welders, but not controls, R2* RN was associated positively with whole blood lead (r = 0.54, p = .003), and negatively with whole blood manganese (r = -0.43, p = .02). Higher blood Pb and lower blood Mn independently accounted for variance in high RN R2*. Together, these data suggest that higher RN R2* values may mark lead exposure in welders. Because lead is a known neurotoxicant, additional studies are warranted to confirm this finding, and ascertain its scientific and public/occupational health implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Manzieri Prado-Rico
- Department of Neurology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine and Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033-0850, USA
| | - Eun-Young Lee
- Department of Neurology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine and Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033-0850, USA
| | - Ernest W Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine and Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033-0850, USA
| | - Jeff D Yanosky
- Department of Public Health Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine and Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033-0850, USA
| | - Lan Kong
- Department of Public Health Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine and Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033-0850, USA
| | - Hairong Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine and Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033-0850, USA
| | - Ana Navas-Acien
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Guangwei Du
- Department of Neurology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine and Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033-0850, USA
| | - Mechelle M Lewis
- Department of Neurology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine and Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033-0850, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine and Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033-0850, USA
| | - Richard B Mailman
- Department of Neurology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine and Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033-0850, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine and Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033-0850, USA
| | - Xuemei Huang
- Department of Neurology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine and Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033-0850, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine and Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033-0850, USA
- Department of Radiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine and Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033-0850, USA
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16
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Cao T, Ma S, Wang N, Gharabaghi S, Xie Y, Fan Z, Hogg E, Wu C, Han F, Tagliati M, Haacke EM, Christodoulou AG, Li D. Three-dimensional simultaneous brain mapping of T1, T2, T2∗ and magnetic susceptibility with MR Multitasking. Magn Reson Med 2022; 87:1375-1389. [PMID: 34708438 PMCID: PMC8776611 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a new technique that enables simultaneous quantification of whole-brain T1 , T2 , T 2 ∗ , as well as susceptibility and synthesis of six contrast-weighted images in a single 9.1-minute scan. METHODS The technique uses hybrid T2 -prepared inversion-recovery pulse modules and multi-echo gradient-echo readouts to collect k-space data with various T1, T2, and T 2 ∗ weightings. The underlying image is represented as a six-dimensional low-rank tensor consisting of three spatial dimensions and three temporal dimensions corresponding to T1 recovery, T2 decay, and multi-echo behaviors, respectively. Multiparametric maps were fitted from reconstructed image series. The proposed method was validated on phantoms and healthy volunteers, by comparing quantitative measurements against corresponding reference methods. The feasibility of generating six contrast-weighted images was also examined. RESULTS High quality, co-registered T1 , T2 , and T 2 ∗ susceptibility maps were generated that closely resembled the reference maps. Phantom measurements showed substantial consistency (R2 > 0.98) with the reference measurements. Despite the significant differences of T1 (p < .001), T2 (p = .002), and T 2 ∗ (p = 0.008) between our method and the references for in vivo studies, excellent agreement was achieved with all intraclass correlation coefficients greater than 0.75. No significant difference was found for susceptibility (p = .900). The framework is also capable of synthesizing six contrast-weighted images. CONCLUSION The MR Multitasking-based 3D brain mapping of T1 , T2 , T 2 ∗ , and susceptibility agrees well with the reference and is a promising technique for multicontrast and quantitative imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianle Cao
- Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sen Ma
- Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Nan Wang
- Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sara Gharabaghi
- Magnetic Resonance Innovations, Inc., Bingham Farms, MI, USA
| | - Yibin Xie
- Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Zhaoyang Fan
- Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Elliot Hogg
- Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Chaowei Wu
- Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Fei Han
- Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc., Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Michele Tagliati
- Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - E. Mark Haacke
- Magnetic Resonance Innovations, Inc., Bingham Farms, MI, USA
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
- The MRI Institute for Biomedical Research, Bingham Farms, MI, USA
| | - Anthony G. Christodoulou
- Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Debiao Li
- Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Huo M, Ye J, Dong Z, Cai H, Wang M, Yin G, Qian L, Li ZP, Zhong B, Feng ST. Quantification of brown adipose tissue in vivo using synthetic magnetic resonance imaging: an experimental study with mice model. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2022; 12:526-538. [PMID: 34993098 DOI: 10.21037/qims-20-1344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) are associated with the development of several obesity-associated disorders. The use of imaging techniques to differentiate BAT from WAT and quantify BAT volume remains challenging, due to limitations such as spatial resolution and magnetic field inhomogeneity. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility for differentiating BAT from WAT, and quantify the BAT volume in vivo using synthetic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS A total of 16 C57BL/6 mice were scanned using synthetic MRI. Quantitative longitudinal relaxation time (T1) and transverse relaxation time (T2) maps were obtained from the original synthetic MRI data using the synthetic MRI software offline. The T1 and T2 values of interscapular BAT (IBAT) and dorsal subcutaneous WAT were measured. The IBAT volume was calculated using synthetic MRI-derived T2-weighted images (T2WIs) based on its morphological characteristics and quantitative tissue values. The body weight of mice was measured, and the IBAT specimens were excised and weighted. The correlation between IBAT volume and the weight of IBAT gross specimen and between IBAT volume and mouse body weight was analyzed. RESULTS The T1 values of BAT (330.3±19.57 ms) were higher than those of WAT (304.42±4.14 ms) (P<0.001), whereas the T2 values of BAT (66.06±5.06 ms) were lower than those of WAT (88.23±7.68 ms) (P<0.001). The area under the curve (AUC) values of the T1 and T2 for differentiating BAT from WAT was 0.942 and 0.995, respectively. The AUC of the T2 values was higher than that of T1 (P=0.04) using the DeLong test. The optimal cut-off value for T2 was 76 ms for differentiating BAT from WAT (100% sensitivity, 93.7% specificity). A moderate correlation was observed between IBAT volume and the weight of the IBAT gross specimen (r=0.662, P=0.014), and between IBAT volume and mouse body weight (r=0.653, P=0.016). CONCLUSIONS The quantitative parameters derived using synthetic MRI may be used to detect and differentiate BAT from WAT in vivo. Synthetic MRI may help quantify BAT volume in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjuan Huo
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junzhao Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Dong
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huasong Cai
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoping Yin
- GE Healthcare, MR Enhanced Application China, Beijing, China
| | - Long Qian
- MRI Research, GE Healthcare, Beijing, China
| | - Zi-Ping Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bihui Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi-Ting Feng
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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18
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Chabran E, Mondino M, Noblet V, Degiorgis L, Loureiro de Sousa P, Blanc F. Microstructural changes in prodromal dementia with Lewy bodies compared to normal aging: multiparametric quantitative MRI evidences. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 55:611-623. [PMID: 34888964 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) patients show few significant macroscopic structural changes, especially at the early stages of the disease, making quantitative MRI especially interesting to explore more subtle changes that are not detectable by conventional volumetric techniques. Microstructural alterations have been reported in DLB at the dementia stage, but no study to date was conducted in prodromal patients. Here, quantitative MRI data were collected from 46 DLB prodromal patients and 20 healthy elderly subjects, who also underwent a detailed clinical examination including the Mayo Clinic Fluctuation Scale. We conducted voxel-wise between-group comparisons in diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics and in R2* mapping, along with a multivariate analysis combining the two modalities. We highlighted multiple grey matter and white matter microstructural changes in DLB patients at the prodromal stage, compared to control subjects. Our multivariate analysis identified three distinct regional patterns of DTI and R2* changes (anterior, anteromedial, posterior) in DLB patients, that could reflect different neuropathological processes across brain regions. We also observed an association between R2* alterations in the thalamus, and the severity of fluctuations, in the DLB group. These preliminary findings are promising and require future investigations to better understand the biological underpinnings of microstructural alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eléna Chabran
- ICube Laboratory UMR 7357 and FMTS (Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg), IMIS team and IRIS plateform, University of Strasbourg and CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Mary Mondino
- ICube Laboratory UMR 7357 and FMTS (Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg), IMIS team and IRIS plateform, University of Strasbourg and CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Vincent Noblet
- ICube Laboratory UMR 7357 and FMTS (Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg), IMIS team and IRIS plateform, University of Strasbourg and CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Laetitia Degiorgis
- ICube Laboratory UMR 7357 and FMTS (Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg), IMIS team and IRIS plateform, University of Strasbourg and CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Paulo Loureiro de Sousa
- ICube Laboratory UMR 7357 and FMTS (Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg), IMIS team and IRIS plateform, University of Strasbourg and CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Frédéric Blanc
- ICube Laboratory UMR 7357 and FMTS (Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg), IMIS team and IRIS plateform, University of Strasbourg and CNRS, Strasbourg, France.,CM2R (Research and Resources Memory Centre), Geriatric Day Hospital and Neuropsychology Unit, Geriatrics Department, University Hospitals of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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19
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Klietz M, Elaman MH, Mahmoudi N, Nösel P, Ahlswede M, Wegner F, Höglinger GU, Lanfermann H, Ding XQ. Cerebral Microstructural Alterations in Patients With Early Parkinson's Disease Detected With Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Measurements. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:763331. [PMID: 34790113 PMCID: PMC8591214 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.763331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease in the elderly. In early stages of PD, patients typically display normal brain magnet resonance imaging (MRI) in routine screening. Advanced imaging approaches are necessary to discriminate early PD patients from healthy controls. In this study, microstructural changes in relevant brain regions of early PD patients were investigated by using quantitative MRI methods. Methods: Cerebral MRI at 3T was performed on 20 PD patients in early stages and 20 age and sex matched healthy controls. Brain relative proton density, T1, T2, and T2′ relaxation times were measured in 14 regions of interest (ROIs) in each hemisphere and compared between patients and controls to estimate PD related alterations. Results: In comparison to matched healthy controls, the PD patients revealed decreased relative proton density in contralateral prefrontal subcortical area, upper and lower pons, in ipsilateral globus pallidus, and bilaterally in splenium corporis callosi, caudate nucleus, putamen, thalamus, and mesencephalon. The T1 relaxation time was increased in contralateral prefrontal subcortical area and centrum semiovale, putamen, nucleus caudatus and mesencephalon, whereas T2 relaxation time was elevated in upper pons bilaterally and in centrum semiovale ipsilaterally. T2′ relaxation time did not show significant changes. Conclusion: Early Parkinson’s disease is associated with a distinct profile of brain microstructural changes which may relate to clinical symptoms. The quantitative MR method used in this study may be useful in early diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease. Limitations of this study include a small sample size and manual selection of the ROIs. Atlas-based or statistical mapping methods would be an alternative for an objective evaluation. More studies are necessary to validate the measurement methods for clinical use in diagnostics of early Parkinson’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Klietz
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - M Handan Elaman
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Nima Mahmoudi
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Patrick Nösel
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Mareike Ahlswede
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Florian Wegner
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | | | - Heinrich Lanfermann
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Xiao-Qi Ding
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
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20
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Reverse-translational identification of a cerebellar satiation network. Nature 2021; 600:269-273. [PMID: 34789878 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04143-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The brain is the seat of body weight homeostasis. However, our inability to control the increasing prevalence of obesity highlights a need to look beyond canonical feeding pathways to broaden our understanding of body weight control1-3. Here we used a reverse-translational approach to identify and anatomically, molecularly and functionally characterize a neural ensemble that promotes satiation. Unbiased, task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging revealed marked differences in cerebellar responses to food in people with a genetic disorder characterized by insatiable appetite. Transcriptomic analyses in mice revealed molecularly and topographically -distinct neurons in the anterior deep cerebellar nuclei (aDCN) that are activated by feeding or nutrient infusion in the gut. Selective activation of aDCN neurons substantially decreased food intake by reducing meal size without compensatory changes to metabolic rate. We found that aDCN activity terminates food intake by increasing striatal dopamine levels and attenuating the phasic dopamine response to subsequent food consumption. Our study defines a conserved satiation centre that may represent a novel therapeutic target for the management of excessive eating, and underscores the utility of a 'bedside-to-bench' approach for the identification of neural circuits that influence behaviour.
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21
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Moya-Sáez E, Peña-Nogales Ó, Luis-García RD, Alberola-López C. A deep learning approach for synthetic MRI based on two routine sequences and training with synthetic data. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 210:106371. [PMID: 34525411 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2021.106371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Synthetic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a low cost procedure that serves as a bridge between qualitative and quantitative MRI. However, the proposed methods require very specific sequences or private protocols which have scarcely found integration in clinical scanners. We propose a learning-based approach to compute T1, T2, and PD parametric maps from only a pair of T1- and T2-weighted images customarily acquired in the clinical routine. METHODS Our approach is based on a convolutional neural network (CNN) trained with synthetic data; specifically, a synthetic dataset with 120 volumes was constructed from the anatomical brain model of the BrainWeb tool and served as the training set. The CNN learns an end-to-end mapping function to transform the input T1- and T2-weighted images to their underlying T1, T2, and PD parametric maps. Then, conventional weighted images unseen by the network are analytically synthesized from the parametric maps. The network can be fine tuned with a small database of actual weighted images and maps for better performance. RESULTS This approach is able to accurately compute parametric maps from synthetic brain data achieving normalized squared error values predominantly below 1%. It also yields realistic parametric maps from actual MR brain acquisitions with T1, T2, and PD values in the range of the literature and with correlation values above 0.95 compared to the T1 and T2 maps obtained from relaxometry sequences. Further, the synthesized weighted images are visually realistic; the mean square error values are always below 9% and the structural similarity index is usually above 0.90. Network fine tuning with actual maps improves performance, while training exclusively with a small database of actual maps shows a performance degradation. CONCLUSIONS These results show that our approach is able to provide realistic parametric maps and weighted images out of a CNN that (a) is trained with a synthetic dataset and (b) needs only two inputs, which are in turn obtained from a common full-brain acquisition that takes less than 8 min of scan time. Although a fine tuning with actual maps improves performance, synthetic data is crucial to reach acceptable performance levels. Hence, we show the utility of our approach for both quantitative MRI in clinical viable times and for the synthesis of additional weighted images to those actually acquired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Moya-Sáez
- Laboratorio de Procesado de Imagen, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain. http://www.lpi.tel.uva.es
| | - Óscar Peña-Nogales
- Laboratorio de Procesado de Imagen, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
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22
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Aceruloplasminemia: a multimodal imaging study in an Italian family with a novel mutation. Neurol Sci 2021; 43:1791-1797. [PMID: 34559338 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-021-05613-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Structural abnormalities in thalami and basal ganglia, in particular the globus pallidus (GP), are a neuroimaging hallmark of hereditary aceruloplasminemia (HA), yet few functional imaging data exit in HA carriers. This study investigated the iron-related structural and functional abnormalities in an Italian HA family. METHODS Multimodal imaging was used including structural 3 T MRI, functional imaging (SPECT imaging with 123I-ioflupane (DAT-SPECT), cardiac 123I metaiodobenzylguanidine (123I-MIBG) scintigraphy, and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG)-PET imaging). In the proband, MRI and scintigraphic evaluations were performed at baseline, 2 and 4 years (structural imaging), and 2 years of follow-up period (functional imaging). RESULTS We investigated two cousins carrying a novel splicing homozygous mutation in intron 6 (IVS6 + 1 G > A) of CP gene. Interestingly, MRI features in both subjects were characterized by marked iron accumulation in the thalami and basal ganglia nuclei, while GP was not affected. MRI performed in the proband at 2 and 4 years of follow-up confirmed progressive neurodegeneration of the thalami and basal ganglia without the involvement of GP. Functional imaging showed reduced putaminal DAT uptake in both cousins, whereas cardiac MIBG and FDG uptakes performed in the proband were normal. Longitudinal scintigraphic investigations did not show significant changes over the time. CONCLUSIONS For HA carriers, our findings demonstrate that GP was spared by iron accumulation over the time. The nigrostriatal presynaptic dopaminergic system was damaged while the cardiac sympathetic system remained longitudinally preserved, thus expanding the imaging features of this rare inherited disorder.
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23
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Lima IS, Pêgo AC, Barros JT, Prada AR, Gozzelino R. Cell Death-Osis of Dopaminergic Neurons and the Role of Iron in Parkinson's Disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 35:453-473. [PMID: 33233941 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Significance: There is still no cure for neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease (PD). Current treatments are based on the attempt to reduce dopaminergic neuronal loss, and multidisciplinary approaches have been used to provide only a temporary symptoms' relief. In addition to the difficulties of drugs developed against PD to access the brain, the specificity of those inhibitory compounds could be a concern. This because neurons might degenerate by activating distinct signaling pathways, which are often initiated by the same stimulus. Recent Advances: Apoptosis, necroptosis, and ferroptosis were shown to significantly contribute to PD progression and, so far, are the main death programs described as capable to alter brain homeostasis. Their activation is characterized by different biochemical and morphological features, some of which might even share the same molecular players. Critical Issues: If there is a pathological need to engage, in PD, multiple death programs, sequentially or simultaneously, is not clear yet. Possibly the activation of apoptosis, necroptosis, and/or ferroptosis correlates to different PD stages and symptom severities. This would imply that the efficacy of therapeutic approaches against neuronal death might depend on the death program they target and the relevance of this death pathway on a specific PD phase. Future Directions: In this review, we describe the molecular mechanisms underlying the activation of apoptosis, necroptosis, and ferroptosis in PD. Understanding the interrelationship between different death pathways' activation in PD is of utmost importance for the development of therapeutic approaches against disease progression. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 35, 453-473.
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Affiliation(s)
- Illyane Sofia Lima
- Inflammation and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas (CEDOC)/NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Catarina Pêgo
- Inflammation and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas (CEDOC)/NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João Tomas Barros
- Inflammation and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas (CEDOC)/NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Prada
- Inflammation and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas (CEDOC)/NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Raffaella Gozzelino
- Inflammation and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas (CEDOC)/NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Universidade Técnica do Atlântico (UTA), São Vicente, Cabo Verde
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24
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Lee H, Xu F, Liu X, Koundal S, Zhu X, Davis J, Yanez D, Schrader J, Stanisavljevic A, Rothman DL, Wardlaw J, Van Nostrand WE, Benveniste H. Diffuse white matter loss in a transgenic rat model of cerebral amyloid angiopathy. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021; 41:1103-1118. [PMID: 32791876 PMCID: PMC8054716 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x20944226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diffuse white matter (WM) disease is highly prevalent in elderly with cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD). In humans, cSVD such as cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) often coexists with Alzheimer's disease imposing a significant impediment for characterizing their distinct effects on WM. Here we studied the burden of age-related CAA pathology on WM disease in a novel transgenic rat model of CAA type 1 (rTg-DI). A cohort of rTg-DI and wild-type rats was scanned longitudinally using MRI for characterization of morphometry, cerebral microbleeds (CMB) and WM integrity. In rTg-DI rats, a distinct pattern of WM loss was observed at 9 M and 11 M. MRI also revealed manifestation of small CMB in thalamus at 6 M, which preceded WM loss and progressively enlarged until the moribund disease stage. Histology revealed myelin loss in the corpus callosum and thalamic CMB in all rTg-DI rats, the latter of which manifested in close proximity to occluded and calcified microvessels. The quantitation of CAA load in rTg-DI rats revealed that the most extensive microvascular Aβ deposition occurred in the thalamus. For the first time using in vivo MRI, we show that CAA type 1 pathology alone is associated with a distinct pattern of WM loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hedok Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Feng Xu
- George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience and the Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, RI, USA
| | - Xiaodan Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sunil Koundal
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Xiaoyue Zhu
- George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience and the Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, RI, USA
| | - Judianne Davis
- George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience and the Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, RI, USA
| | - David Yanez
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Joseph Schrader
- George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience and the Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, RI, USA
| | - Aleksandra Stanisavljevic
- George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience and the Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, RI, USA
| | - Douglas L Rothman
- Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale School of Medicine New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Joanna Wardlaw
- Brain Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Dementia Research Institute at the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - William E Van Nostrand
- George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience and the Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, RI, USA
| | - Helene Benveniste
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale School of Medicine New Haven, CT, USA
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25
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Lee H, Wehrli FW. Alternating unbalanced SSFP for 3D R 2 ' mapping of the human brain. Magn Reson Med 2020; 85:2391-2402. [PMID: 33331076 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Measuring the transverse-relaxation rate R 2 ' provides valuable information in quantitative evaluation of tissue microstructure, for example, in terms of oxygenation levels. Here, we propose an alternating unbalanced SSFP pulse sequence for rapid whole-brain 3D R 2 ' mapping. METHODS Unlike currently practiced, spin echo-based R 2 ' measurement techniques, the proposed method alternates between SSFP-FID and SSFP-ECHO modes for rapid 3D encoding of transverse relaxation rates expressed as R2 + R 2 ' and R2 - R 2 ' . Z-shimming gradients embedded into multi-echo trains of each SSFP module are designed to achieve relative immunity to large-scale magnetic-field variations (ΔB0 ). Appropriate models for the temporal evolution of the two groups of SSFP signals were constructed with ΔB0 -induced modulations accounted for, leading to ΔB0 -corrected estimation of R2 , R 2 ' , and R 2 ∗ (= R2 + R 2 ' ). Additionally, relative magnetic susceptibility (Δχ) maps were obtained by quantitative susceptibility mapping of the phase data. Numerical simulations were performed to optimize scan parameters, followed by in vivo studies at 3 T in 7 healthy subjects. Measured parameters were evaluated in six brain regions, and subjected to interparameter correlation analysis. RESULTS The resultant maps of R 2 ' and additionally derived R2 , R 2 ∗ , and Δχ all demonstrated the expected contrast across brain territories (eg, deep brain structures versus cortex), with the measured values in good agreement with previous reports. Furthermore, regression analyses yielded strong linear relationships for the transverse relaxation parameters ( R 2 ' , R2 , and R 2 ∗ ) against Δχ. CONCLUSION Results suggest feasibility of the proposed method as a practical and reliable means for measuring R 2 ' , R2 , R 2 ∗ , and Δχ across the entire brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunyeol Lee
- Laboratory for Structural, Physiologic, and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Felix W Wehrli
- Laboratory for Structural, Physiologic, and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Lee H, Wehrli FW. Venous cerebral blood volume mapping in the whole brain using venous-spin-labeled 3D turbo spin echo. Magn Reson Med 2020; 84:1991-2003. [PMID: 32243708 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Venous cerebral blood volume (CBVv ) is a major contributor to BOLD contrast, and therefore is an important parameter for understanding the underlying mechanism. Here, we propose a velocity-selective venous spin labeling (VS-VSL)-prepared 3D turbo spin echo pulse sequence for whole-brain baseline CBVv mapping. METHODS Unlike previous CBVv measurement techniques that exploit the interrelationship between BOLD signals and CBVv , in the proposed VS-VSL technique both arterial blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) signals were suppressed before the VS pulse train for exclusive labeling of venous blood, while a single-slab 3D turbo spin echo readout was used because of its relative immunity to magnetic field variations. Furthermore, two approximations were made to the VS-VSL signal model for simplified derivation of CBVv . In vivo studies were performed at 3T field strength in 8 healthy subjects. The performance of the proposed VS-VSL method in baseline CBVv estimation was first evaluated in comparison to the existing, hyperoxia-based method. Then, data were also acquired using VS-VSL under hypercapnic and hyperoxic gas breathing challenges for further validation of the technique. RESULTS The proposed technique yielded physiologically plausible baseline CBVv values, and when compared with the hyperoxia-based method, showed no statistical difference. Furthermore, data acquired using VS-VSL yielded average CBVv of 2.89%/1.78%, 3.71%/2.29%, and 2.88%/1.76% for baseline, hypercapnia, and hyperoxia, respectively, in gray/white matter regions. As expected, hyperoxia had negligible effect (P > .8), whereas hypercapnia demonstrated vasodilation (P << .01). CONCLUSION Upon further validation of the quantification model, the method is expected to have merit for 3D CBVv measurements across the entire brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunyeol Lee
- Laboratory for Structural, Physiologic, and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Felix W Wehrli
- Laboratory for Structural, Physiologic, and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Multi-centre, multi-vendor reproducibility of 7T QSM and R 2* in the human brain: Results from the UK7T study. Neuroimage 2020; 223:117358. [PMID: 32916289 PMCID: PMC7480266 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction We present the reliability of ultra-high field T2* MRI at 7T, as part of the UK7T Network's “Travelling Heads” study. T2*-weighted MRI images can be processed to produce quantitative susceptibility maps (QSM) and R2* maps. These reflect iron and myelin concentrations, which are altered in many pathophysiological processes. The relaxation parameters of human brain tissue are such that R2* mapping and QSM show particularly strong gains in contrast-to-noise ratio at ultra-high field (7T) vs clinical field strengths (1.5–3T). We aimed to determine the inter-subject and inter-site reproducibility of QSM and R2* mapping at 7T, in readiness for future multi-site clinical studies. Methods Ten healthy volunteers were scanned with harmonised single- and multi-echo T2*-weighted gradient echo pulse sequences. Participants were scanned five times at each “home” site and once at each of four other sites. The five sites had 1× Philips, 2× Siemens Magnetom, and 2× Siemens Terra scanners. QSM and R2* maps were computed with the Multi-Scale Dipole Inversion (MSDI) algorithm (https://github.com/fil-physics/Publication-Code). Results were assessed in relevant subcortical and cortical regions of interest (ROIs) defined manually or by the MNI152 standard space. Results and Discussion Mean susceptibility (χ) and R2* values agreed broadly with literature values in all ROIs. The inter-site within-subject standard deviation was 0.001–0.005 ppm (χ) and 0.0005–0.001 ms−1 (R2*). For χ this is 2.1–4.8 fold better than 3T reports, and 1.1–3.4 fold better for R2*. The median ICC from within- and cross-site R2* data was 0.98 and 0.91, respectively. Multi-echo QSM had greater variability vs single-echo QSM especially in areas with large B0 inhomogeneity such as the inferior frontal cortex. Across sites, R2* values were more consistent than QSM in subcortical structures due to differences in B0-shimming. On a between-subject level, our measured χ and R2* cross-site variance is comparable to within-site variance in the literature, suggesting that it is reasonable to pool data across sites using our harmonised protocol. Conclusion The harmonized UK7T protocol and pipeline delivers on average a 3-fold improvement in the coefficient of reproducibility for QSM and R2* at 7T compared to previous reports of multi-site reproducibility at 3T. These protocols are ready for use in multi-site clinical studies at 7T.
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Li CW, Hsu AL, Huang CWC, Yang SH, Lin CY, Shieh CC, Chan WP. Reliability of Synthetic Brain MRI for Assessment of Ischemic Stroke with Phantom Validation of a Relaxation Time Determination Method. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9061857. [PMID: 32545907 PMCID: PMC7356822 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9061857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The reliability of relaxation time measures in synthetic magnetic resonance images (MRIs) of homemade phantoms were validated, and the diagnostic suitability of synthetic imaging was compared to that of conventional MRIs for detecting ischemic lesions. Phantoms filled with aqueous cupric-sulfate (CuSO4) were designed to mimic spin-lattice (T1) and spin-spin (T2) relaxation properties and were used to compare their accuracies and stabilities between synthetic and conventional scans of various brain tissues. To validate the accuracy of synthetic imaging in ischemic stroke diagnoses, the synthetic and clinical scans of 18 patients with ischemic stroke were compared, and the quantitative contrast-to-noise ratios (CNRs) were measured, using the Friedman test to determine significance in differences. Results using the phantoms showed no significant differences in the interday and intersession synthetic quantitative T1 and T2 values. However, between synthetic and referenced T1 and T2 values, differences were larger for longer relaxation times, showing that image intensities in synthetic scans are relatively inaccurate in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Similarly, CNRs in CSF regions of stroke patients were significantly different on synthetic T2-weighted and T2-fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images. In contrast, differences in stroke lesions were insignificant between the two. Therefore, interday and intersession synthetic T1 and T2 values are highly reliable, and discrepancies in synthetic T1 and T2 relaxation times and image contrasts in CSF regions do not affect stroke lesion diagnoses. Additionally, quantitative relaxation times from synthetic images allow better estimations of ischemic stroke onset time, consequently increasing confidence in synthetic MRIs as diagnostic tools for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Wei Li
- Department of Radiology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan; (C.-W.L.); (A.-L.H.); (C.-W.C.H.); (S.-H.Y.)
| | - Ai-Ling Hsu
- Department of Radiology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan; (C.-W.L.); (A.-L.H.); (C.-W.C.H.); (S.-H.Y.)
| | - Chi-Wen C. Huang
- Department of Radiology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan; (C.-W.L.); (A.-L.H.); (C.-W.C.H.); (S.-H.Y.)
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hung Yang
- Department of Radiology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan; (C.-W.L.); (A.-L.H.); (C.-W.C.H.); (S.-H.Y.)
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Wing P. Chan
- Department of Radiology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan; (C.-W.L.); (A.-L.H.); (C.-W.C.H.); (S.-H.Y.)
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Medical Innovation Development Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-2930-7930 (ext. 1300); Fax: +886-2-2931-6809
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Ning L, Gagoski B, Szczepankiewicz F, Westin CF, Rathi Y. Joint RElaxation-Diffusion Imaging Moments to Probe Neurite Microstructure. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING 2020; 39:668-677. [PMID: 31398113 PMCID: PMC7164590 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2019.2933982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Joint relaxation-diffusion measurements can provide new insight about the tissue microstructural properties. Most recent methods have focused on inverting the Laplace transform to recover the joint distribution of relaxation-diffusion. However, as is well-known, this problem is notoriously ill-posed and numerically unstable. In this work, we address this issue by directly computing the joint moments of transverse relaxation rate and diffusivity, which can be robustly estimated. To zoom into different parts of the joint distribution, we further enhance our method by applying multiplicative filters to the joint probability density function of relaxation and diffusion and compute the corresponding moments. We propose an approach to use these moments to compute several novel scalar indices to characterize specific properties of the underlying tissue microstructure. Furthermore, for the first time, we propose an algorithm to estimate diffusion signals that are independent of echo time based on the moments of the marginal probability density function of diffusion. We demonstrate its utility in extracting tissue information not contaminated with multiple intra-voxel relaxation rates. We compare the performance of four types of filters that zoom into tissue components with different relaxation and diffusion properties and demonstrate it on an in-vivo human dataset. Experimental results show that these filters are able to characterize heterogeneous tissue microstructure. Moreover, the filtered diffusion signals are also able to distinguish fiber bundles with similar orientations but different relaxation rates. The proposed method thus allows to characterize the neural microstructure information in a robust and unique manner not possible using existing techniques.
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Beer AL, Plank T, Greenlee MW. Aging and central vision loss: Relationship between the cortical macro-structure and micro-structure. Neuroimage 2020; 212:116670. [PMID: 32088318 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging and central vision loss are associated with cortical atrophies, but little is known about the relationship between cortical thinning and the underlying cellular structure. We compared the macro- and micro-structure of the cortical gray and superficial white matter of 38 patients with juvenile (JMD) or age-related (AMD) macular degeneration and 38 healthy humans (19-84 years) by multimodal MRI including diffusion-tensor imaging (DTI). A factor analysis showed that cortical thickness, tissue-dependent measures, and DTI-based measures were sensitive to distinct components of brain structure. Age-related cortical thinning and increased diffusion were observed across most of the cortex, but increased T1-weighted intensities (frontal), reduced T2-weighted intensities (occipital), and reduced anisotropy (medial) were limited to confined cortical regions. Vision loss was associated with cortical thinning and enhanced diffusion in the gray matter (less in the white matter) of the occipital central visual field representation. Moreover, AMD (but not JMD) patients showed enhanced diffusion in lateral occipito-temporal cortex and cortical thinning in the posterior cingulum. These findings demonstrate that changes in brain structure are best quantified by multimodal imaging. They further suggest that age-related brain atrophies (cortical thinning) reflect diverse micro-structural etiologies. Moreover, juvenile and age-related macular degeneration are associated with distinct patterns of micro-structural alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton L Beer
- Institut für Psychologie, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Tina Plank
- Institut für Psychologie, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Mark W Greenlee
- Institut für Psychologie, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Balasubramanian M, Polimeni JR, Mulkern RV. In vivo measurements of irreversible and reversible transverse relaxation rates in human basal ganglia at 7 T: making inferences about the microscopic and mesoscopic structure of iron and calcification deposits. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2019; 32:e4140. [PMID: 31322331 PMCID: PMC6817385 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to measure irreversible and reversible transverse relaxation rates in the globus pallidus and putamen at 7 T, and to use these rates to make inferences about the sub-voxel structure of iron and calcification deposits. Gradient Echo Sampling of a Spin Echo (GESSE) data were acquired at 7 T on eighteen volunteers spanning a large range of ages (23-85 years), with calcifications in the globus pallidus incidentally observed in one volunteer. Maps of transverse relaxation rates were derived from the GESSE data, and the mean value of these rates in globus pallidus and putamen was estimated for each volunteer. Both irreversible and reversible transverse relaxation rates increased with the expected age-dependent iron content in these structures, except for the individual with calcifications for whom extremely large reversible relaxation rates but normal irreversible relaxation rates were found in the globus pallidus. Given the sensitivity of irreversible and reversible transverse relaxation rates to microscopic and mesoscopic field variations, respectively, our findings suggest that joint consideration of these rates may yield information not only about the amount of iron and calcification deposited in the brain, but also about the sub-voxel structure of these deposits, perhaps revealing certain aspects of their geometry and cellular distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukund Balasubramanian
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan R. Polimeni
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Robert V. Mulkern
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Demirturk Kocasarac H, Kursun-Cakmak ES, Ustaoglu G, Bayrak S, Orhan K, Noujeim M. Assessment of signal-to-noise ratio and contrast-to-noise ratio in 3 T magnetic resonance imaging in the presence of zirconium, titanium, and titanium-zirconium alloy implants. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2019; 129:80-86. [PMID: 31628073 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2019.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We quantitatively compared the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) in T1 weighted imaging (WI) and T2 WI sequences in 3 Tesla (T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using zirconium, titanium (grades 4 and 5), and titanium-zirconium alloy implants to evaluate the effect of implant type and imaging sequence. STUDY DESIGN MRI was acquired using a 3 T magnet with a 16-channel head coil. Implants of each type were mounted in gel and scanned in axial, coronal, and sagittal planes using fast spin echo sequences in T1 WI (TR = 600, TE = 12 milliseconds) and T2 WI (TR = 3000, TE = 80 milliseconds) sequences. Data were transferred to Synapse 3-D software, and images were measured twice by an oral and maxillofacial radiologist blinded to the type of implants. RESULTS Zirconium implants resulted in the lowest SNR and CNR values (P < .05). No significant differences were identified between titanium (grades 4 and 5) and titanium-zirconium implants. The T2 WI sequence had a significantly higher SNR and CNR than T1 WI. There was no difference in intraobserver agreement between T1 WI and T2 WI. CONCLUSIONS CNR and SNR at 3 T MRI are dependent on implant type and imaging sequence. Titanium (grades 4 and 5) and titanium-zirconium implants and the T2 WI sequence produced higher SNR and CNR values.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gulbahar Ustaoglu
- Department of Periodontology, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Seval Bayrak
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Kaan Orhan
- Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey; OMFS-IMPATH Research Group, Department of Imaging & Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leuven and Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marcel Noujeim
- Professor, Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Private practice, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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Gracien RM, Petrov F, Hok P, van Wijnen A, Maiworm M, Seiler A, Deichmann R, Baudrexel S. Multimodal Quantitative MRI Reveals No Evidence for Tissue Pathology in Idiopathic Cervical Dystonia. Front Neurol 2019; 10:914. [PMID: 31507518 PMCID: PMC6719627 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: While in symptomatic forms of dystonia cerebral pathology is by definition present, it is unclear so far whether disease is associated with microstructural cerebral changes in idiopathic dystonia. Previous quantitative MRI (qMRI) studies assessing cerebral tissue composition in idiopathic dystonia revealed conflicting results. Objective: Using multimodal qMRI, the presented study aimed to investigate alterations in different cerebral microstructural compartments associated with idiopathic cervical dystonia in vivo. Methods: Mapping of T1, T2, T2*, and proton density (PD) was performed in 17 patients with idiopathic cervical dystonia and 29 matched healthy control subjects. Statistical comparisons of the parametric maps between groups were conducted for various regions of interest (ROI), including major basal ganglia nuclei, the thalamus, white matter, and the cerebellum, and voxel-wise for the whole brain. Results: Neither whole brain voxel-wise statistics nor ROI-based analyses revealed significant group differences for any qMRI parameter under investigation. Conclusions: The negative findings of this qMRI study argue against the presence of overt microstructural tissue change in patients with idiopathic cervical dystonia. The results seem to support a common view that idiopathic cervical dystonia might primarily resemble a functional network disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- René-Maxime Gracien
- Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.,Brain Imaging Center, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Franca Petrov
- Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.,Brain Imaging Center, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Pavel Hok
- Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Palacký University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Alexandra van Wijnen
- Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.,Brain Imaging Center, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Michelle Maiworm
- Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.,Brain Imaging Center, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Alexander Seiler
- Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.,Brain Imaging Center, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ralf Deichmann
- Brain Imaging Center, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Simon Baudrexel
- Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.,Brain Imaging Center, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
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Kato Y, Ichikawa K, Okudaira K, Taoka T, Kawaguchi H, Murata K, Maruyama K, Koerzdoerfer G, Pfeuffer J, Nittka M, Naganawa S. Comprehensive Evaluation of B 1+-corrected FISP-based Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting: Accuracy, Repeatability and Reproducibility of T 1 and T 2 Relaxation Times for ISMRM/NIST System Phantom and Volunteers. Magn Reson Med Sci 2019; 19:168-175. [PMID: 31217366 PMCID: PMC7553811 DOI: 10.2463/mrms.mp.2019-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate comprehensively; accuracy, repeatability and reproducibility of T1 and T2 relaxation times measured by magnetic resonance fingerprinting using B1+-corrected fast imaging with steady-state precession (FISP–MRF). Methods: The International Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine/National Institute of Standards and Technology (ISMRM/NIST) phantom was scanned for 100 days, and six healthy volunteers for 5 days using a FISP–MRF prototype sequence. Accuracy was evaluated on the phantom by comparing relaxation times measured by FISP–MRF with the reference values provided by the phantom manufacturer. Daily repeatability was characterized as the coefficient of variation (CV) of the measurements over 100 days for the phantom and over 5 days for volunteers. In addition, the cross-scanner reproducibility was evaluated in volunteers. Results: In the phantom study, T1 and T2 values from FISP–MRF showed a strong linear correlation with the reference values of the phantom (R2 = 0.9963 for T1; R2 = 0.9966 for T2). CVs were <1.0% for T1 values larger than 300 ms, and <3.0% for T2 values across a wide range. In the volunteer study, CVs for both T1 and T2 values were <5.0%, except for one subject. In addition, all T2 values estimated by FISP–MRF in vivo were lower than those measured with conventional mapping sequences reported in previous studies. The cross-scanner variation of T1 and T2 showed good agreement between two different scanners in the volunteers. Conclusion: B1+-corrected FISP-MRF showed an acceptable accuracy, repeatability and reproducibility in the phantom and volunteer studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Kato
- Department of Radiological Technology, Nagoya University Hospital
| | | | | | - Toshiaki Taoka
- Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Shinji Naganawa
- Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University
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Gómez PA, Molina-Romero M, Buonincontri G, Menzel MI, Menze BH. Designing contrasts for rapid, simultaneous parameter quantification and flow visualization with quantitative transient-state imaging. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8468. [PMID: 31186480 PMCID: PMC6560213 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44832-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has evolved into an outstandingly versatile diagnostic modality, as it has the ability to non-invasively produce detailed information on a tissue's structure and function. Complementary data is normally obtained in separate measurements, either as contrast-weighted images, which are fast and simple to acquire, or as quantitative parametric maps, which offer an absolute quantification of underlying biophysical effects, such as relaxation times or flow. Here, we demonstrate how to acquire and reconstruct data in a transient-state with a dual purpose: 1 - to generate contrast-weighted images that can be adjusted to emphasise clinically relevant image biomarkers; exemplified with signal modulation according to flow to obtain angiography information, and 2 - to simultaneously infer multiple quantitative parameters with a single, highly accelerated acquisition. This is achieved by introducing three novel elements: a model that accounts for flowing blood, a method for sequence design using smooth flip angle excitation patterns that incorporates both parameter encoding and signal contrast, and the reconstruction of temporally resolved contrast-weighted images. From these images we simultaneously obtain angiography projections and multiple quantitative maps. By doing so, we increase the amount of clinically relevant data without adding measurement time, creating new dimensions for biomarker exploration and adding value to MR examinations for patients and clinicians alike.
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Liu L, Alizadeh K, Donnelly SC, Dassanayake P, Hou TT, McGirr R, Thompson RT, Prato FS, Gelman N, Hoffman L, Goldhawk DE. MagA expression attenuates iron export activity in undifferentiated multipotent P19 cells. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217842. [PMID: 31170273 PMCID: PMC6553743 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive imaging modality used in longitudinal cell tracking. Previous studies suggest that MagA, a putative iron transport protein from magnetotactic bacteria, is a useful gene-based magnetic resonance contrast agent. Hemagglutinin-tagged MagA was stably expressed in undifferentiated embryonic mouse teratocarcinoma, multipotent P19 cells to provide a suitable model for tracking these cells during differentiation. Western blot and immunocytochemistry confirmed the expression and membrane localization of MagA in P19 cells. Surprisingly, elemental iron analysis using inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry revealed significant iron uptake in both parental and MagA-expressing P19 cells, cultured in the presence of iron-supplemented medium. Withdrawal of this extracellular iron supplement revealed unexpected iron export activity in P19 cells, which MagA expression attenuated. The influence of iron supplementation on parental and MagA-expressing cells was not reflected by longitudinal relaxation rates. Measurement of transverse relaxation rates (R2* and R2) reflected changes in total cellular iron content but did not clearly distinguish MagA-expressing cells from the parental cell type, despite significant differences in the uptake and retention of total cellular iron. Unlike other cell types, the reversible component R2′ (R2* ‒ R2) provided only a moderately strong correlation to amount of cellular iron, normalized to amount of protein. This is the first report to characterize MagA expression in a previously unrecognized iron exporting cell type. The interplay between contrast gene expression and systemic iron metabolism substantiates the potential for diverting cellular iron toward the formation of a novel iron compartment, however rudimentary when using a single magnetotactic bacterial gene expression system like magA. Since relatively few mammalian cells export iron, the P19 cell line provides a tractable model of ferroportin activity, suitable for magnetic resonance analysis of key iron-handling activities and their influence on gene-based MRI contrast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linshan Liu
- Imaging, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Collaborative Graduate Program in Molecular Imaging, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kobra Alizadeh
- Imaging, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Collaborative Graduate Program in Molecular Imaging, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah C. Donnelly
- Imaging, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Collaborative Graduate Program in Molecular Imaging, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Praveen Dassanayake
- Imaging, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Collaborative Graduate Program in Molecular Imaging, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tian Tian Hou
- Imaging, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rebecca McGirr
- Imaging, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - R. Terry Thompson
- Imaging, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Medical Imaging, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Physics and Astronomy, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Frank S. Prato
- Imaging, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Collaborative Graduate Program in Molecular Imaging, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Medical Imaging, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Physics and Astronomy, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Neil Gelman
- Imaging, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Medical Imaging, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lisa Hoffman
- Imaging, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Collaborative Graduate Program in Molecular Imaging, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Donna E. Goldhawk
- Imaging, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Collaborative Graduate Program in Molecular Imaging, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Jeon S, Hwang SI, Son YD, Kim YB, Lee YJ, Kim SJ. Association between delayed recall and T2* relaxation time of the subiculum in adolescents: Implications for ultra-high-field magnetic resonance imaging. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2019; 73:340-346. [PMID: 30927296 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to assess neuropsychological correlations with the T2* relaxation time (T2*-RT) of hippocampal subregions in adolescents using ultra-high-field (UHF) 7.0-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS We assessed the T2*-RT of hippocampal subregions in 31 healthy 11th- or 12th-grade high school students using an UHF 7.0-T MRI system. T2*-RT of the cornu ammonis (CA) 1, CA2, CA3, and CA4 subregions and the subiculum were calculated for both the left and right hippocampus. Seven subtests of the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery were administered to the subjects to assess visuospatial memory. RESULTS Poor performances in delayed recall in the pattern-recognition test were significantly correlated with longer T2*-RT in the bilateral subiculum (right, r = -0.480, P = 0.006; left, r = -0.648, P < 0.001) and the left CA2 (r = -0.480, P = 0.006). CONCLUSION This study showed that longer T2*-RT in the subiculum were associated with poorer performances in delayed recall in the visual memory tasks. This finding suggests that the subiculum might play a predominant role in delayed recall in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehyun Jeon
- Department of Psychiatry, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Il Hwang
- Department of Bioengineering, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Don Son
- Department of Bioengineering, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Bo Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Incheon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Neurosurgery, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Jin Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seog Ju Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Finnegan ME, Visanji NP, Romero-Canelon I, House E, Rajan S, Mosselmans JFW, Hazrati LN, Dobson J, Collingwood JF. Synchrotron XRF imaging of Alzheimer's disease basal ganglia reveals linear dependence of high-field magnetic resonance microscopy on tissue iron concentration. J Neurosci Methods 2019; 319:28-39. [PMID: 30851339 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemical imaging of the human brain has great potential for diagnostic and monitoring purposes. The heterogeneity of human brain iron distribution, and alterations to this distribution in Alzheimer's disease, indicate iron as a potential endogenous marker. The influence of iron on certain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters increases with magnetic field, but is under-explored in human brain tissues above 7 T. NEW METHOD Magnetic resonance microscopy at 9.4 T is used to calculate parametric images of chemically-unfixed post-mortem tissue from Alzheimer's cases (n = 3) and healthy controls (n = 2). Iron-rich regions including caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus and substantia nigra are analysed prior to imaging of total iron distribution with synchrotron X-ray fluorescence mapping. Iron fluorescence calibration is achieved with adjacent tissue blocks, analysed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry or graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy. RESULTS Correlated MR images and fluorescence maps indicate linear dependence of R2, R2* and R2' on iron at 9.4 T, for both disease and control, as follows: [R2(s-1) = 0.072[Fe] + 20]; [R2*(s-1) = 0.34[Fe] + 37]; [R2'(s-1) = 0.26[Fe] + 16] for Fe in μg/g tissue (wet weight). COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS This method permits simultaneous non-destructive imaging of most bioavailable elements. Iron is the focus of the present study as it offers strong scope for clinical evaluation; the approach may be used more widely to evaluate the impact of chemical elements on clinical imaging parameters. CONCLUSION The results at 9.4 T are in excellent quantitative agreement with predictions from experiments performed at lower magnetic fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary E Finnegan
- Department of Imaging, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK; Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Naomi P Visanji
- The Edmond J Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and the Morton & Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Isolda Romero-Canelon
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Emily House
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Surya Rajan
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | | | | | - Jon Dobson
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Joanna F Collingwood
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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Peterson ET, Kwon D, Luna B, Larsen B, Prouty D, De Bellis MD, Voyvodic J, Liu C, Li W, Pohl KM, Sullivan EV, Pfefferbaum A. Distribution of brain iron accrual in adolescence: Evidence from cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis. Hum Brain Mapp 2019; 40:1480-1495. [PMID: 30496644 PMCID: PMC6397094 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
To track iron accumulation and location in the brain across adolescence, we repurposed diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data acquired in 513 adolescents and validated iron estimates with quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) in 104 of these subjects. DTI and fMRI data were acquired longitudinally over 1 year in 245 male and 268 female, no-to-low alcohol-consuming adolescents (12-21 years at baseline) from the National Consortium on Alcohol and NeuroDevelopment in Adolescence (NCANDA) study. Brain region average signal values were calculated for susceptibility to nonheme iron deposition: pallidum, putamen, dentate nucleus, red nucleus, and substantia nigra. To estimate nonheme iron, the corpus callosum signal (robust to iron effects) was divided by regional signals to generate estimated R2 (edwR2 for DTI) and R2 * (eR2 * for fMRI). Longitudinal iron deposition was measured using the normalized signal change across time for each subject. Validation using baseline QSM, derived from susceptibility-weighted imaging, was performed on 46 male and 58 female participants. Normalized iron deposition estimates from DTI and fMRI correlated with age in most regions; both estimates indicated less iron in boys than girls. QSM results correlated highly with DTI and fMRI results (adjusted R2 = 0.643 for DTI, 0.578 for fMRI). Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses indicated an initial rapid increase in iron, notably in the putamen and red nucleus, that slowed with age. DTI and fMRI data can be repurposed for identifying regional brain iron deposition in developing adolescents as validated with high correspondence with QSM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dongjin Kwon
- Neuroscience ProgramSRI InternationalMenlo ParkCalifornia
- Psychiatry & Behavioral SciencesStanford UniversityStanfordCalifornia
| | - Beatriz Luna
- PsychologyUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvania
- Center for the Neural Basis of CognitionPittsburghPennsylvania
- Western Psychiatric Institute and ClinicUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPennsylvania
| | - Bart Larsen
- PsychologyUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvania
- Center for the Neural Basis of CognitionPittsburghPennsylvania
| | - Devin Prouty
- Neuroscience ProgramSRI InternationalMenlo ParkCalifornia
| | - Michael D. De Bellis
- Healthy Childhood Brain Development Research Program, Psychiatry & Behavioral SciencesDuke UniversityDurhamNorth Carolina
- Brain Imaging & Analyses CenterDuke UniversityDurhamNorth Carolina
| | - James Voyvodic
- Brain Imaging & Analyses CenterDuke UniversityDurhamNorth Carolina
| | - Chunlei Liu
- Brain Imaging & Analyses CenterDuke UniversityDurhamNorth Carolina
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCalifornia
- Helen Wills Neuroscience InstituteUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCalifornia
| | - Wei Li
- Brain Imaging & Analyses CenterDuke UniversityDurhamNorth Carolina
| | - Kilian M. Pohl
- Neuroscience ProgramSRI InternationalMenlo ParkCalifornia
| | - Edith V. Sullivan
- Psychiatry & Behavioral SciencesStanford UniversityStanfordCalifornia
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40
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Szczepankiewicz F, Sjölund J, Ståhlberg F, Lätt J, Nilsson M. Tensor-valued diffusion encoding for diffusional variance decomposition (DIVIDE): Technical feasibility in clinical MRI systems. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214238. [PMID: 30921381 PMCID: PMC6438503 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Microstructure imaging techniques based on tensor-valued diffusion encoding have gained popularity within the MRI research community. Unlike conventional diffusion encoding-applied along a single direction in each shot-tensor-valued encoding employs diffusion encoding along multiple directions within a single preparation of the signal. The benefit is that such encoding may probe tissue features that are not accessible by conventional encoding. For example, diffusional variance decomposition (DIVIDE) takes advantage of tensor-valued encoding to probe microscopic diffusion anisotropy independent of orientation coherence. The drawback is that tensor-valued encoding generally requires gradient waveforms that are more demanding on hardware; it has therefore been used primarily in MRI systems with relatively high performance. The purpose of this work was to explore tensor-valued diffusion encoding on clinical MRI systems with varying performance to test its technical feasibility within the context of DIVIDE. We performed whole-brain imaging with linear and spherical b-tensor encoding at field strengths between 1.5 and 7 T, and at maximal gradient amplitudes between 45 and 80 mT/m. Asymmetric gradient waveforms were optimized numerically to yield b-values up to 2 ms/μm2. Technical feasibility was assessed in terms of the repeatability, SNR, and quality of DIVIDE parameter maps. Variable system performance resulted in echo times between 83 to 115 ms and total acquisition times of 6 to 9 minutes when using 80 signal samples and resolution 2×2×4 mm3. As expected, the repeatability, signal-to-noise ratio and parameter map quality depended on hardware performance. We conclude that tensor-valued encoding is feasible for a wide range of MRI systems-even at 1.5 T with maximal gradient waveform amplitudes of 33 mT/m-and baseline experimental design and quality parameters for all included configurations. This demonstrates that tissue features, beyond those accessible by conventional diffusion encoding, can be explored on a wide range of MRI systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Szczepankiewicz
- Lund University, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Medical Radiation Physics, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jens Sjölund
- Elekta Instrument AB, Kungstensgatan 18, Stockholm, Sweden
- Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Linköping, Sweden
- Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV), Linköping, Sweden
| | - Freddy Ståhlberg
- Lund University, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Medical Radiation Physics, Lund, Sweden
- Lund University, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Diagnostic Radiology, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jimmy Lätt
- Skåne University Hospital, Department of Imaging and Function, Lund, Sweden
| | - Markus Nilsson
- Lund University, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Diagnostic Radiology, Lund, Sweden
- Lund University, Lund University Bioimaging Center, Lund, Sweden
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Lee BY, Zhu XH, Li X, Chen W. High-resolution imaging of distinct human corpus callosum microstructure and topography of structural connectivity to cortices at high field. Brain Struct Funct 2018; 224:949-960. [PMID: 30511335 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-018-1804-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Characterization of the microstructural properties and topography of the human corpus callosum (CC) is key to understanding interhemispheric neural communication and brain function. In this work, we tested the hypothesis that high-resolution T1 relaxometry at high field has adequate sensitivity and specificity for characterizing microstructural properties of the human CC, and elucidating the structural connectivity of the callosal fibers to the cortices of origin. The high-resolution parametric T1 images acquired from healthy subjects (N = 16) at 7 T clearly showed a consistent T1 distribution among individuals with substantial variation along the human CC axis, which is highly similar to the spatial patterns of myelin density and myelinated axon size based on the histology study. Compared to the anterior part of the CC, the posterior midbody and splenium had significantly higher T1 values. In conjunction with T1-based classification method, the splenial T1 values were decoded more reliably compared to a conventional partitioning method, showing a much higher T1 value in the inferior splenium than in the middle/superior splenium. Moreover, the T1 profile of the callosal subdivision represented the topology of the fiber connectivity to the projected cortical regions: the fibers in the posterior midbody and inferior splenium with a higher T1 (inferring a larger axon size) were mainly connected to motor-sensory and visual cortical areas, respectively; in contrast, the fibers in the anterior/posterior CC with a lower T1 (inferring a smaller axon size) were primarily connected to the frontal/parietal-temporal areas. These findings indicate that high-resolution T1 relaxometry imaging could provide a complementary and robust neuroimaging tool, useful for exploring the complex tissue properties and topographic organization of the human corpus callosum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeong-Yeul Lee
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, 2021 Sixth Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
| | - Xiao-Hong Zhu
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, 2021 Sixth Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Xiufeng Li
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, 2021 Sixth Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, 2021 Sixth Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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Lorio S, Tierney TM, McDowell A, Arthurs OJ, Lutti A, Weiskopf N, Carmichael DW. Flexible proton density (PD) mapping using multi-contrast variable flip angle (VFA) data. Neuroimage 2018; 186:464-475. [PMID: 30465865 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitative proton density (PD) maps measure the amount of free water, which is important for non-invasive tissue characterization in pathology and across lifespan. PD mapping requires the estimation and subsequent removal of factors influencing the signal intensity other than PD. These factors include the T1, T2* relaxation effects, transmit field inhomogeneities, receiver coil sensitivity profile (RP) and the spatially invariant factor that is required to scale the data. While the transmit field can be reliably measured, the RP estimation is usually based on image post-processing techniques due to limitations of its measurement at magnetic fields higher than 1.5 T. The post-processing methods are based on unified bias-field/tissue segmentation, fitting the sensitivity profile from images obtained with different coils, or on the linear relationship between T1 and PD. The scaling factor is derived from the signal within a specific tissue compartment or reference object. However, these approaches for calculating the RP and scaling factor have limitations particularly in severe pathology or over a wide age range, restricting their application. We propose a new approach for PD mapping based on a multi-contrast variable flip angle acquisition protocol and a data-driven estimation method for the RP correction and map scaling. By combining all the multi-contrast data acquired at different echo times, we are able to fully correct the MRI signal for T2* relaxation effects and to decrease the variance and the entropy of PD values within tissue class of the final map. The RP is determined from the corrected data applying a non-parametric bias estimation, and the scaling factor is based on the median intensity of an external calibration object. Finally, we compare the signal intensity and homogeneity of the multi-contrast PD map with the well-established effective PD (PD*) mapping, for which the RP is based on concurrent bias field estimation and tissue classification, and the scaling factor is estimated from the mean white matter signal. The multi-contrast PD values homogeneity and accuracy within the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and deep brain structures are increased beyond that obtained using PD* maps. We demonstrate that the multi-contrast RP approach is insensitive to anatomical or a priori tissue information by applying it in a patient with extensive brain abnormalities and for whole body PD mapping in post-mortem foetal imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Lorio
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Tim M Tierney
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Amy McDowell
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Owen J Arthurs
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK; Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Antoine Lutti
- Laboratory for Research in Neuroimaging, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nikolaus Weiskopf
- Department of Neurophysics, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - David W Carmichael
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK; EPSRC / Wellcome Centre for Medical Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, King's College, London, UK
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43
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Wang CY, Coppo S, Mehta BB, Seiberlich N, Yu X, Griswold MA. Magnetic resonance fingerprinting with quadratic RF phase for measurement of T 2 * simultaneously with δ f , T 1 , and T 2. Magn Reson Med 2018; 81:1849-1862. [PMID: 30499221 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study explores the possibility of using a gradient moment balanced sequence with a quadratically varied RF excitation phase in the magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF) framework to quantify T2 * in addition to δ f , T1 , and T2 tissue properties. METHODS The proposed quadratic RF phase-based MRF method (qRF-MRF) combined a varied RF excitation phase with the existing balanced SSFP (bSSFP)-based MRF method to generate signals that were uniquely sensitive to δ f , T1 , T2 , as well as the distribution width of intravoxel frequency dispersion, Γ . A dictionary, generated through Bloch simulation, containing possible signal evolutions within the physiological range of δ f , T1 , T2 , and Γ , was used to perform parameter estimation. The estimated T2 and Γ were subsequently used to estimate T2 * . The proposed method was evaluated in phantom experiments and healthy volunteers (N = 5). RESULTS The T1 and T2 values from the phantom by qRF-MRF demonstrated good agreement with values obtained by traditional gold standard methods (r2 = 0.995 and 0.997, respectively; concordance correlation coefficient = 0.978 and 0.995, respectively). The T2 * values from the phantom demonstrated good agreement with values obtained through the multi-echo gradient-echo method (r2 = 0.972, concordance correlation coefficient = 0.983). In vivo qRF-MRF-measured T1 , T2 , and T2 * values were compared with measurements by existing methods and literature values. CONCLUSION The proposed qRF-MRF method demonstrated the potential for simultaneous quantification of δ f , T1 , T2 , and T2 * tissue properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlie Yi Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Simone Coppo
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Nicole Seiberlich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Xin Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Mark Alan Griswold
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
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Cheng CC, Preiswerk F, Hoge WS, Kuo TH, Madore B. Multipathway multi-echo (MPME) imaging: all main MR parameters mapped based on a single 3D scan. Magn Reson Med 2018; 81:1699-1713. [PMID: 30320945 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Quantitative parameter maps, as opposed to qualitative grayscale images, may represent the future of diagnostic MRI. A new quantitative MRI method is introduced here that requires a single 3D acquisition, allowing good spatial coverage to be achieved in relatively short scan times. METHODS A multipathway multi-echo sequence was developed, and at least 3 pathways with 2 TEs were needed to generate T1 , T2 , T2 * , B1 + , and B0 maps. The method required the central k-space region to be sampled twice, with the same sequence but with 2 very different nominal flip angle settings. Consequently, scan time was only slightly longer than that of a single scan. The multipathway multi-echo data were reconstructed into parameter maps, for phantom as well as brain acquisitions, in 5 healthy volunteers at 3 T. Spatial resolution, matrix size, and FOV were 1.2 × 1.0 × 1.2 mm3 , 160 × 192 × 160, and 19.2 × 19.2 × 19.2 cm3 (whole brain), acquired in 11.5 minutes with minimal acceleration. Validation was performed against T1 , T2 , and T2 * maps calculated from gradient-echo and spin-echo data. RESULTS In Bland-Altman plots, bias and limits of agreement for T1 and T2 results in vivo and in phantom were -2.9/±125.5 ms (T1 in vivo), -4.8/±20.8 ms (T2 in vivo), -1.5/±18.1 ms (T1 in phantom), and -5.3/±7.4 ms (T2 in phantom), for regions of interest including given brain structures or phantom compartments. Due to relatively high noise levels, the current implementation of the approach may prove more useful for region of interest-based as opposed to pixel-based interpretation. CONCLUSIONS We proposed a novel approach to quantitatively map MR parameters based on a multipathway multi-echo acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Chieh Cheng
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Frank Preiswerk
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - W Scott Hoge
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tai-Hsin Kuo
- Department of Imaging Systems, Philips Healthcare, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bruno Madore
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Do HK, Jo GY, Kwon JK, Kim WJ. Botulinum Toxin-A Injection in the Treatment of Spasticity in a Infantile-Onset Neurodegeneration With Brain Iron Accumulation: A Case Report. Ann Rehabil Med 2018; 42:363-367. [PMID: 29765892 PMCID: PMC5940615 DOI: 10.5535/arm.2018.42.2.363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by iron accumulation in the globus pallidus (GP) of the brain (neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation [NBIA]), which is characterized by dystonia and spasticity resulting in postural difficulties. A 33-month-old boy was admitted with a pronounced gait disturbance. Marked hypertonicity in the patient's both calf muscles was noted, resulting in waddling with repeated slip-falls. NBIA was suspected by high T2 intensity in the GP on brain MRI, then it was confirmed by detecting PANK2 mutation. Botulinum toxin-A injection was administered to both calf muscles. After 2 weeks, a decrease in spasticity and an increase in range of motion were observed, and consequently, an increase in the patient's gait stability with both heels touching the ground, enabling him to walk straight independently. A definitive treatment for NBIA has not been established, and a symptomatic therapy is currently the mainstay of treatment in this case. This is the first case report of botulinum toxin injection for treatment of gait disturbance caused by spasticity in an infantile-onset PKAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwan Kwon Do
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Geun Yeol Jo
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Jun Koo Kwon
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Woo Jin Kim
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
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Zheng J, Jiang R, Chen M, Maimaitiming Z, Wang J, Anderson GJ, Vulpe CD, Dunaief JL, Chen H. Multi-Copper Ferroxidase-Deficient Mice Have Increased Brain Iron Concentrations and Learning and Memory Deficits. J Nutr 2018; 148:643-649. [PMID: 29659961 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxy012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The accumulation of iron occurs in the central nervous system (CNS) in several neurodegenerative diseases. Although multi-copper ferroxidases (MCFs) play an important role in cellular iron metabolism and homeostasis, the mechanism of MCFs in the CNS remains unclear. Objective The aim was to study the role of MCFs in CNS iron metabolism and homeostasis by using hephaestin/ceruloplasmin (Heph/Cp) double knockout (KO) mice. Methods Heph/Cp double KO male mice were generated by crossing both single KO mice. In Heph/Cp KO and wild-type (WT) control mice at 4 wk and 6 mo of age, iron concentrations of selected brain regions were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, and gene expressions of Heph, Cp, ferroportin 1 (Fpn1) [+ iron responsive element (IRE)], L-ferritin, H-ferritin, transferrin receptor 1 (Tfrc), and divalent metal transporter 1 (Dmt1) (+IRE) were quantitated by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Brain region L-ferritin protein concentration, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration were also determined. Learning and memory abilities in Heph/Cp KO and WT control mice at 6 mo of age were tested by the IntelliCage system (New Behavior). Results Iron concentration was significantly higher in Heph/Cp KO mice than in WT control mice at 4 wk of age in the cortex (50%), hippocampus (120%), brainstem (35%), and cerebellum (220%) and at 6 mo of age in the cortex (140%), hippocampus (420%), brainstem (560%), and cerebellum (340%). L-Ferritin and MDA concentrations were significantly higher and SOD and GPx activities were significantly lower in the cortex, hippocampus, brainstem, and cerebellum of KO mice than in those of WT controls at both 4 wk and 6 mo of age. Iron-related gene expressions also differed significantly between groups. Learning and memory deficits occurred in Heph/Cp KO mice at 6 mo of age. Conclusion Mutation of both MCFs in mice induces iron accumulation in brain regions, oxidative damage, and learning and memory defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiashuo Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruiwei Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zaitunamu Maimaitiming
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junzhuo Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gregory J Anderson
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Chris D Vulpe
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Joshua L Dunaief
- FM Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, PA
| | - Huijun Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Untangling the R2* contrast in multiple sclerosis: A combined MRI-histology study at 7.0 Tesla. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193839. [PMID: 29561895 PMCID: PMC5862438 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
T2*-weighted multi-echo gradient-echo magnetic resonance imaging and its reciprocal R2* are used in brain imaging due to their sensitivity to iron content. In patients with multiple sclerosis who display pathological alterations in iron and myelin contents, the use of R2* may offer a unique way to untangle mechanisms of disease. Coronal slices from 8 brains of deceased multiple sclerosis patients were imaged using a whole-body 7.0 Tesla MRI scanner. The scanning protocol included three-dimensional (3D) T2*-w multi-echo gradient-echo and 2D T2-w turbo spin echo (TSE) sequences. Histopathological analyses of myelin and iron content were done using Luxol fast blue and proteolipid myelin staining and 3,3′-diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride enhanced Turnbull blue staining. Quantification of R2*, myelin and iron intensity were obtained. Variations in R2* were found to be affected differently by myelin and iron content in different regions of multiple sclerosis brains. The data shall inform clinical investigators in addressing the role of T2*/R2* variations as a biomarker of tissue integrity in brains of MS patients, in vivo.
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关 基, 冯 衍. [Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging of brain iron deposition: comparison between quantitative susceptibility mapping and transverse relaxation rate (R2*) mapping]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2018; 38:305-311. [PMID: 29643036 PMCID: PMC6744171 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-4254.2018.03.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the accuracy and sensitivity of quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) and transverse relaxation rate (R2*) mapping in the measurement of brain iron deposition. METHODS Super paramagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) phantoms and mouse models of Parkinson's disease (PD) related to iron deposition in the substantia nigra (SN) underwent 7.0 T magnetic resonance (MR) scans (Bruker, 70/16) with a multi-echo 3D gradient echo sequence, and the acquired data were processed to obtain QSM and R2*. Linear regression analysis was performed for susceptibility and R2* in the SPIO phantoms containing 5 SPIO concentrations (30, 15, 7.5, 3.75 and 1.875 µg/mL) to evaluate the accuracy of QSM and R2* in quantitative iron analysis. The sensitivities of QSM and R2* mapping in quantitative detection of brain iron deposition were assessed using mouse models of PD induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahy-dropyridine (MPTP) in comparison with the control mice. RESULTS In SPIO phantoms, QSM provided a higher accuracy than R2* mapping and their goodness-of-fit coefficients (R2) were 0.98 and 0.89, respectively. In the mouse models of PD and control mice, the susceptibility of the SN was significantly higher in the PD models (5.19∓1.58 vs 2.98∓0.88, n=5; P<0.05), while the R2* values were similar between the two groups (20.22∓0.94 vs 19.74∓1.75; P=0.60). CONCLUSION QSM allows more accurate and sensitive detection of brain iron deposition than R2*, and the susceptibility derived by QSM can be a potentially useful biomarker for studying PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- 基景 关
- />南方医科大学生物医学工程学院,广东 广州 510515School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - 衍秋 冯
- />南方医科大学生物医学工程学院,广东 广州 510515School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
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Duyn JH. Studying brain microstructure with magnetic susceptibility contrast at high-field. Neuroimage 2018; 168:152-161. [PMID: 28242317 PMCID: PMC5569005 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A rapidly developing application of high field MRI is the study of brain anatomy and function with contrast based on the magnetic susceptibility of tissues. To study the subtle variations in susceptibility contrast between tissues and with changes in brain activity, dedicated scan techniques such as susceptibility-weighted MRI and blood-oxygen level dependent functional MRI have been developed. Particularly strong susceptibility contrast has been observed with systems that operate at 7T and above, and their recent widespread use has led to an improved understanding of contributing sources and mechanisms. To interpret magnetic susceptibility contrast, analysis approaches have been developed with the goal of extracting measures that report on local tissue magnetic susceptibility, a physical quantity that, under certain conditions, allows estimation of blood oxygenation, local tissue iron content, and quantification of its changes with disease. Interestingly, high field studies have also brought to light that not only the makeup of tissues affects MRI susceptibility contrast, but that also a tissue's sub-voxel structure at scales all the way down to the molecular level plays an important role as well. In this review, various ways will be discussed by which sub-voxel structure can affect the MRI signal in general, and magnetic susceptibility in particular, sometimes in a complex fashion. In the light of this complexity, it appears likely that accurate, brain-wide quantification of iron will require the combination of multiple contrasts that may include diffusion and magnetization transfer information with susceptibility-weighted contrast. On the other hand, this complexity also offers opportunities to use magnetic susceptibility contrast to inform about specific microstructural aspects of brain tissue. Details and several examples will be presented in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff H Duyn
- Advanced MRI Section, Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institutes of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Puckett AM, Bollmann S, Poser BA, Palmer J, Barth M, Cunnington R. Using multi-echo simultaneous multi-slice (SMS) EPI to improve functional MRI of the subcortical nuclei of the basal ganglia at ultra-high field (7T). Neuroimage 2017; 172:886-895. [PMID: 29208571 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclei of the basal ganglia pose a special problem for functional MRI, especially at ultra-high field, because T2* variations between different regions result in suboptimal BOLD sensitivity when using gradient-echo echo-planar imaging (EPI). Specifically, the iron-rich lentiform nucleus of the basal ganglia, including the putamen and globus pallidus, suffers from substantial signal loss when imaging is performed using conventional single-echo EPI with echo times optimized for the cortex. Multi-echo EPI acquires several echoes at different echo times for every imaging slice, allowing images to be reconstructed with a weighting of echo times that is optimized individually for each voxel according to the underlying tissue or T2* properties. Here we show that multi-echo simultaneous multi-slice (SMS) EPI can improve functional activation of iron-rich subcortical regions while maintaining sensitivity within cortical areas. Functional imaging during a motor task known to elicit strong activations in the cortex and the subcortex (basal ganglia) was performed to compare the performance of multi-echo SMS EPI to single-echo SMS EPI. Notably within both the caudate nucleus and putamen of the basal ganglia, multi-echo SMS EPI yielded higher tSNR (an average 84% increase) and CNR (an average 58% increase), an approximate 3-fold increase in supra-threshold voxels, and higher t-values (an average 39% increase). The degree of improvement in the group level t-statistics was negatively correlated to the underlying T2* of the voxels, such that the shorter the T2*, as in the iron-rich nuclei of the basal ganglia, the higher the improvement of t-values in the activated region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Puckett
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Saskia Bollmann
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Benedikt A Poser
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jake Palmer
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Markus Barth
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Ross Cunnington
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
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