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Han HS, Choi BH, Jang SY, Choi S, Hwang GS, Koo SH. Regulation of hepatic lipogenesis by asymmetric arginine methylation. Metabolism 2024; 157:155938. [PMID: 38795769 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2024.155938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hepatic lipogenesis is elevated in nutrient abundant conditions to convert the excess carbohydrate into triacylglycerol (TAG). Fatty acyl moiety of TAG is eventually transported into adipose tissues by very low density lipoprotein, leading to the accumulation of TAG as a preferred storage form of excess energy. Disruption of the balance between TAG clearance and synthesis leads to the accumulation of lipids in the liver, leading to the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) including non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Protein arginine methyltransferase (PRMT) 6 has been linked to the various metabolic processes including hepatic gluconeogenesis, muscle atrophy and lipodystrophy in mouse models. However, the role of PRMT6 in the control of hepatic lipogenesis has not been elucidated to date. METHODS We assessed the interaction between PRMT6 and LXR alpha by using co-immunoprecipitation assay. The specific arginine residue of LXR alpha that is methylated by PRMT6 was assessed by LC-MS/MS assay and the functional consequences of LXR alpha methylation was explored by mSREBP-1c luciferase assay. The effect of PRMT6 on hepatic lipogenesis was assessed by adenovirus-mediated ectopic expression of PRMT6 or knockdown of PRMT6 via shRNA in hepatocytes. Finally, the role of PRMT6 in hepatic lipid metabolism in vivo was explored by either ectopic expression of LXR alpha mutant that is defective in PRMT6-mediated arginine methylation or knockdown of PRMT6 in liver. RESULTS We found that promoter activity of sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) 1c is robustly activated by PRMT6. Interestingly, we demonstrated that PRMT6 binds to LXR alpha, a transcription factor for SREBP-1c, via its LXXLL motif, leading to the asymmetric dimethylation of an arginine residue and activation of this protein. Indeed, ectopic expression of PRMT6 in hepatocytes led to the enhanced expression of LXR alpha target genes in the lipogenic pathway. Conversely, genetic or pharmacological inhibition of PRMT6 diminished expression of lipogenic genes and the lipid accumulation in primary hepatocytes. Mechanistically, we found that asymmetric dimethylation of LXR alpha led to the dissociation of small heterodimer partner (SHP), a transcriptional co-inhibitor of this factor, resulting in the activation of LXR alpha-mediated transcriptional process. Finally, we showed that disruption of asymmetric dimethylation of LXR alpha in the liver led to the diminished expression of genes in the lipogenesis, resulting in the reduced hepatic lipid accumulation in high fat diet-fed mice in vivo. CONCLUSIONS We showed that PRMT6 modulates LXR alpha activity by conferring asymmetric dimethylation of arginine 253, thus blocking SHP-mediated inhibition and promoting hepatic lipid accumulation. These results suggest that PRMT6 is critical in the control of lipid homeostasis by regulation of LXR alpha-mediated lipogenesis in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Sook Han
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong Hun Choi
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Young Jang
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Metropolitan Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul 03759, Republic of Korea
| | - Seri Choi
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Geum-Sook Hwang
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Metropolitan Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul 03759, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hoi Koo
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Zeng C, Chen H, Cao T, Wang L, Jiao S, Lin C, Zhang B, Cai H. B-GOS alleviates olanzapine-induced lipid disturbances in mice by enriching Akkermansia and upregulation of PGRMC1-Wnt signaling. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 185:114490. [PMID: 38325638 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Although olanzapine (OLZ) remains one of the most efficacious antipsychotic medications for the treatment of schizophrenia, there are significant tolerability issues related to its metabolic profile such as weight gain and dyslipidemia. Our previous studies have demonstrated that progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1) plays a key role in antipsychotic-induced metabolic side effects. Prebiotics showed positive effects on lipid metabolism, however, limited studies focused on their therapeutic potential and mechanisms in treating antipsychotic-induced lipid metabolic disorders. Herein, our study aims to explore the effects of the prebiotic B-GOS on lipid disturbances induced by OLZ and elucidate its underlying mechanisms via PGRMC1 pathway. In an 8-week study, long-term intraperitoneal administration of OLZ at a dosage of 8 mg/kg/day in mice induced lipid disturbances as manifested by significantly increased lipid indexes in plasma and liver. B-GOS effectively alleviated the OLZ-induced abnormal lipid metabolism by enhancing the diversity of the gut microbiota, with a 100-fold increase in Akkermansia abundance and a 10-fold decrease in Faecalibaculum abundance. Followed by the B-GOS related changes of gut microbiota, OLZ-induced substantial hepatic inhibition of PGRMC1, and associated protein factors of Wnt signaling pathway (Wnt3a, β-catenin, and PPAR-γ) were reversed without affecting plasma levels of short-chain fatty acids. Taken together, prebiotics like B-GOS enriching Akkermansia offer a promising novel approach to alleviate antipsychotic-induced lipid disturbances by modulating the PGRMC1-Wnt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuirong Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China; Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China; International Research Center for Precision Medicine, Transformative Technology and Software Services, Hunan, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China; Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China; International Research Center for Precision Medicine, Transformative Technology and Software Services, Hunan, China
| | - Ting Cao
- Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China; Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China; International Research Center for Precision Medicine, Transformative Technology and Software Services, Hunan, China
| | - Liwei Wang
- Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China; International Research Center for Precision Medicine, Transformative Technology and Software Services, Hunan, China
| | - Shimeng Jiao
- Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China; International Research Center for Precision Medicine, Transformative Technology and Software Services, Hunan, China
| | - Chenquan Lin
- Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China; International Research Center for Precision Medicine, Transformative Technology and Software Services, Hunan, China
| | - Bikui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China; Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China; International Research Center for Precision Medicine, Transformative Technology and Software Services, Hunan, China
| | - Hualin Cai
- Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China; Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China; International Research Center for Precision Medicine, Transformative Technology and Software Services, Hunan, China.
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Pozzi M, Vantaggiato C, Brivio F, Orso G, Bassi MT. Olanzapine, risperidone and ziprasidone differently affect lysosomal function and autophagy, reflecting their different metabolic risk in patients. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:13. [PMID: 38191558 PMCID: PMC10774340 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02686-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The metabolic effects induced by antipsychotics in vitro depend on their action on the trafficking and biosynthesis of sterols and lipids. Previous research showed that antipsychotics with different adverse effects in patients cause similar alterations in vitro, suggesting the low clinical usefulness of cellular studies. Moreover, the inhibition of peripheral AMPK was suggested as potential aetiopathogenic mechanisms of olanzapine, and different effects on autophagy were reported for several antipsychotics. We thus assessed, in clinically-relevant culture conditions, the aetiopathogenic mechanisms of olanzapine, risperidone and ziprasidone, antipsychotics with respectively high, medium, low metabolic risk in patients, finding relevant differences among them. We highlighted that: olanzapine impairs lysosomal function affecting autophagy and autophagosome clearance, and increasing intracellular lipids and sterols; ziprasidone activates AMPK increasing the autophagic flux and reducing intracellular lipids; risperidone increases lipid accumulation, while it does not affect lysosomal function. These in vitro differences align with their different impact on patients. We also provided evidence that metformin add-on improved autophagy in olanzapine-treated cells and reduced lipid accumulation induced by both risperidone and olanzapine in an AMPK-dependent way; metformin also increased the production of bile acids to eliminate cholesterol accumulations caused by olanzapine. These results have different clinical implications. We demonstrated that antipsychotics with different metabolic impacts on patients actually have different mechanisms of action, thus supporting the possibility of a personalised antipsychotic treatment. Moreover, we found that metformin can fully revert the phenotype caused by risperidone but not the one caused by olanzapine, that still activates SREBP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Pozzi
- Scientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Via D. L. Monza 20, 23842, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy.
| | - Chiara Vantaggiato
- Scientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Via D. L. Monza 20, 23842, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
| | - Francesca Brivio
- Scientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Via D. L. Monza 20, 23842, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
| | - Genny Orso
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Largo E. Meneghetti 2, Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Bassi
- Scientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Via D. L. Monza 20, 23842, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
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Engin A. Protein Kinases in Obesity, and the Kinase-Targeted Therapy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1460:199-229. [PMID: 39287853 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-63657-8_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
The action of protein kinases and protein phosphatases is essential for multiple physiological responses. Each protein kinase displays its own unique substrate specificity and a regulatory mechanism that may be modulated by association with other proteins. Protein kinases are classified as dual-specificity kinases and dual-specificity phosphatases. Dual-specificity phosphatases are important signal transduction enzymes that regulate various cellular processes in coordination with protein kinases and play an important role in obesity. Impairment of insulin signaling in obesity is largely mediated by the activation of the inhibitor of kappa B-kinase beta and the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress activate the JNK pathway which suppresses insulin biosynthesis. Adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) are important for proper regulation of glucose metabolism in mammals at both the hormonal and cellular levels. Additionally, obesity-activated calcium/calmodulin dependent-protein kinase II/p38 suppresses insulin-induced protein kinase B phosphorylation by activating the ER stress effector, activating transcription factor-4. To alleviate lipotoxicity and insulin resistance, promising targets are pharmacologically inhibited. Nifedipine, calcium channel blocker, stimulates lipogenesis and adipogenesis by downregulating AMPK and upregulating mTOR, which thereby enhances lipid storage. Contrary to the nifedipine, metformin activates AMPK, increases fatty acid oxidation, suppresses fatty acid synthesis and deposition, and thus alleviates lipotoxicity. Obese adults with vascular endothelial dysfunction have greater endothelial cells activation of unfolded protein response stress sensors, RNA-dependent protein kinase-like ER eukaryotic initiation factor-2 alpha kinase (PERK), and activating transcription factor-6. The transcriptional regulation of adipogenesis in obesity is influenced by AGC (protein kinase A (PKA), PKG, PKC) family signaling kinases. Obesity may induce systemic oxidative stress and increase reactive oxygen species in adipocytes. An increase in intracellular oxidative stress can promote PKC-β activation. Activated PKC-β induces growth factor adapter Shc phosphorylation. Shc-generated peroxides reduce mitochondrial oxygen consumption and enhance triglyceride accumulation and lipotoxicity. Liraglutide attenuates mitochondrial dysfunction and reactive oxygen species generation. Co-treatment of antiobesity and antidiabetic herbal compound, berberine with antipsychotic drug olanzapine decreases the accumulation of triglyceride. While low-dose rapamycin, metformin, amlexanox, thiazolidinediones, and saroglitazar protect against insulin resistance, glucagon-like peptide-1 analog liraglutide inhibits palmitate-induced inflammation by suppressing mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) activity and protects against lipotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atilla Engin
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Gazi University, Besevler, Ankara, Turkey.
- Mustafa Kemal Mah. 2137. Sok. 8/14, 06520, Cankaya, Ankara, Turkey.
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Fonseca M, Carmo F, Martel F. Metabolic effects of atypical antipsychotics: Molecular targets. J Neuroendocrinol 2023; 35:e13347. [PMID: 37866818 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Atypical antipsychotics (AAPs) are commonly prescribed drugs in the treatment of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and other mental diseases with psychotic traits. Although the use of AAPs is associated with beneficial effects in these patients, they are also associated with undesired metabolic side effects, including metabolic syndrome (MetS). MeS is defined by the presence of metabolic abnormalities such as large waist circumference, dyslipidemia, fasting hyperglycemia and elevated blood pressure, which predispose to type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease. In this review, the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in these undesired metabolic abnormalities induced by AAPs are described. These mechanisms are complex as AAPs have multiple cellular targets which significantly affect the activities of several hormones and neuromodulators. Additionally, AAPs affect all the relevant metabolic organs, namely the liver, pancreas, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle and intestine, and the central and peripheral nervous system as well. A better understanding of the molecular targets linking AAPs with MetS and of the mechanisms responsible for clinically different side effects of distinct AAPs is needed. This knowledge will help in the development of novel AAPs with less adverse effects as well as of adjuvant therapies to patients receiving AAPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fonseca
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Francisca Carmo
- Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fátima Martel
- Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- I3S -Institute of Research and innovation in Health University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Fukuyama K, Motomura E, Okada M. A Candidate Gliotransmitter, L-β-Aminoisobutyrate, Contributes to Weight Gain and Metabolic Complication Induced by Atypical Antipsychotics. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071621. [PMID: 37049464 PMCID: PMC10097171 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lurasidone and quetiapine are effective atypical mood-stabilizing antipsychotics, but lurasidone and quetiapine are listed as lower-risk and high-risk for weight gain/metabolic complications, respectively. The pathophysiology of the discrepancy of metabolic adverse reactions between these antipsychotics remains to be clarified. The GABA isomer, β-aminoisobutyric acid (BAIBA) enantiomer, was recently re-discovered as myokine via an AMP-activated protein kinase activator (AMPK) enhancer and inhibitory gliotransmitter. Notably, activation of AMPK in peripheral organs improves, but in the hypothalamus, it aggravates metabolic disturbances. Therefore, we determined effects of chronic administration of lurasidone and quetiapine on intracellular and extracellular levels of the BAIBA enantiomer. L-BAIBA is a major BAIBA enantiomer in the hypothalamus and astrocytes, whereas L-BAIBA only accounted for about 5% of total plasma BAIBA enantiomers. Chronic lurasidone administration did not affect body weight but decreased the L-BAIBA level in hypothalamus and cultured astrocytes, whereas chronic quetiapine administration increased body weight and the L-BAIBA level in hypothalamus and astrocytes. Contrary, neither lurasidone nor quetiapine affected total plasma levels of the BAIBA enantiomer since D-BAIBA levels were not affected by these antipsychotics. These results suggest that activation of intracellular L-BAIBA signaling is, at least partially, involved in the pathophysiology of metabolic adverse reaction of quetiapine. Furthermore, this study also demonstrated that lurasidone and quetiapine suppressed and enhanced astroglial L-BAIBA release induced by ripple-burst stimulation (which physiologically contributes to cognitive memory integration during sleep), respectively. Therefore, L-BAIBA probably contributes to the pathophysiology of not only metabolic adverse reactions, but also a part of clinical action of lurasidone or quetiapine.
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Opposing effects of clozapine and brexpiprazole on β-aminoisobutyric acid: Pathophysiology of antipsychotics-induced weight gain. SCHIZOPHRENIA (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 9:8. [PMID: 36750570 PMCID: PMC9905547 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-023-00336-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Clozapine is one of the most effective antipsychotics and has the highest risk of weight gain and metabolic complications; however, the detailed pathophysiology of its clinical action and adverse reactions remains to be clarified. Therefore, the present study determined the chronic effects of clozapine (high risk of weight gain) and brexpiprazole (relatively low risk of weight gain) on intracellular and extracellular levels of β-aminoisobutyric acid (BAIBA) enantiomers, which are endogenous activators of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). L-BAIBA is the dominant BAIBA enantiomer in the rat hypothalamus and cultured astrocytes, whereas L-BAIBA accounts for only approximately 5% of the total plasma BAIBA enantiomers. L-BAIBA displayed GABAB receptor agonistic action in the extracellular space and was released through activated astroglial hemichannels, whereas in the intracellular space, L-BAIBA activated AMPK signalling. Chronic administration of the effective doses of clozapine increased intracellular and extracellular levels of L-BAIBA in the hypothalamus and cultured astrocytes, whereas that of brexpiprazole decreased them. These results suggest that enhancing hypothalamic AMPK signalling by increasing intracellular L-BAIBA levels is, at least partially, involved in the pathophysiology of clozapine-induced weight gain and metabolic complications.
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Chen H, Cao T, Zhang B, Cai H. The regulatory effects of second-generation antipsychotics on lipid metabolism: Potential mechanisms mediated by the gut microbiota and therapeutic implications. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1097284. [PMID: 36762113 PMCID: PMC9905135 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1097284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) are the mainstay of treatment for schizophrenia and other neuropsychiatric diseases but cause a high risk of disruption to lipid metabolism, which is an intractable therapeutic challenge worldwide. Although the exact mechanisms underlying this lipid disturbance are complex, an increasing body of evidence has suggested the involvement of the gut microbiota in SGA-induced lipid dysregulation since SGA treatment may alter the abundance and composition of the intestinal microflora. The subsequent effects involve the generation of different categories of signaling molecules by gut microbes such as endogenous cannabinoids, cholesterol, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), bile acids (BAs), and gut hormones that regulate lipid metabolism. On the one hand, these signaling molecules can directly activate the vagus nerve or be transported into the brain to influence appetite via the gut-brain axis. On the other hand, these molecules can also regulate related lipid metabolism via peripheral signaling pathways. Interestingly, therapeutic strategies directly targeting the gut microbiota and related metabolites seem to have promising efficacy in the treatment of SGA-induced lipid disturbances. Thus, this review provides a comprehensive understanding of how SGAs can induce disturbances in lipid metabolism by altering the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China,International Research Center for Precision Medicine, Transformative Technology and Software Services, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ting Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China,International Research Center for Precision Medicine, Transformative Technology and Software Services, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bikui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China,International Research Center for Precision Medicine, Transformative Technology and Software Services, Changsha, Hunan, China,*Correspondence: Bikui Zhang, ; Hualin Cai,
| | - Hualin Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China,International Research Center for Precision Medicine, Transformative Technology and Software Services, Changsha, Hunan, China,*Correspondence: Bikui Zhang, ; Hualin Cai,
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Gangopadhyay A, Ibrahim R, Theberge K, May M, Houseknecht KL. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and mental illness: Mechanisms linking mood, metabolism and medicines. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1042442. [PMID: 36458039 PMCID: PMC9707801 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1042442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease in the world and one of the leading indications for liver transplantation. It is one of the many manifestations of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome as well as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. There is growing evidence linking the incidence of NAFLD with psychiatric illnesses such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and depression mechanistically via genetic, metabolic, inflammatory and environmental factors including smoking and psychiatric medications. Indeed, patients prescribed antipsychotic medications, regardless of diagnosis, have higher incidence of NAFLD than population norms. The mechanistic pharmacology of antipsychotic-associated NAFLD is beginning to emerge. In this review, we aim to discuss the pathophysiology of NAFLD including its risk factors, insulin resistance and systemic inflammation as well as its intersection with psychiatric illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Karen L. Houseknecht
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of New England, Biddeford, ME, United States
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A soy glycinin derived octapeptide protects against MCD diet induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2022.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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11
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Mednova IA, Chernonosov AA, Kornetova EG, Semke AV, Bokhan NA, Koval VV, Ivanova SA. Levels of Acylcarnitines and Branched-Chain Amino Acids in Antipsychotic-Treated Patients with Paranoid Schizophrenia with Metabolic Syndrome. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12090850. [PMID: 36144254 PMCID: PMC9504797 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12090850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have shown that patients with schizophrenia are at high risk for metabolic syndrome (MetS) and bioenergetic dysfunction. Because acylcarnitines are involved in bioenergetic pathways and reflect the functioning of mitochondria, we hypothesized that these compounds are biomarkers of MetS in schizophrenia. The aim of this work was to quantify acylcarnitines and branched-chain amino acids in patients with schizophrenia comorbid with MetS. The study included 112 patients with paranoid schizophrenia treated with antipsychotics. Among them, 39 subjects met criteria of MetS. Concentrations of 30 acylcarnitines and three amino acids in dry serum spots were measured by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. MetS patients were found to have higher levels of valeryl carnitine (C5), leucine/isoleucine, and alanine as compared with patients without MetS, indicating possible participation of these compounds in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders in schizophrenia. In patients with paranoid schizophrenia with or without MetS, lower levels of carnitines C10, C10:1, C12, and C18 were recorded as compared with the healthy individuals (n = 70), implying deterioration of energy metabolism. We believe that this finding can be explained by effects of antipsychotic medication on an enzyme called carnitine-palmitoyl transferase I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina A. Mednova
- Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Aleutskaya Str. 4, 634014 Tomsk, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Alexander A. Chernonosov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentyev Avenue 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Elena G. Kornetova
- Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Aleutskaya Str. 4, 634014 Tomsk, Russia
- Siberian State Medical University Hospital, Moskovsky Trakt 2, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Arkadiy V. Semke
- Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Aleutskaya Str. 4, 634014 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Nikolay A. Bokhan
- Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Aleutskaya Str. 4, 634014 Tomsk, Russia
- Department of Psychiatry, Addictology and Psychotherapy, Siberian State Medical University, Moskovsky Trakt 2, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Vladimir V. Koval
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentyev Avenue 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Svetlana A. Ivanova
- Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Aleutskaya Str. 4, 634014 Tomsk, Russia
- Department of Psychiatry, Addictology and Psychotherapy, Siberian State Medical University, Moskovsky Trakt 2, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
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Fukuyama K, Motomura E, Shiroyama T, Okada M. Impact of 5-HT7 receptor inverse agonism of lurasidone on monoaminergic tripartite synaptic transmission and pathophysiology of lower risk of weight gain. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 148:112750. [PMID: 35219120 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A part of atypical antipsychotics exert mood-stabilising effects via modulation of various monoamine receptors and intracellular signalling. Recent pharmacodynamic studies suggested that tripartite-synaptic transmission can be involved in pathophysiology of mood-disorders, schizophrenia, their associated cognitive impairments, and several adverse-reactions to atypical antipsychotics. Therefore, to explore mechanisms underlying antidepressive mood-stabilising and antipsychotic effects of lurasidone, we determined concentration-dependent effects of acute and subchronic lurasidone administrations on astroglial L-glutamate release, and expression of connexin43, ERK, AKT, adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK), 5-HT1A (5-HT1AR) and 5-HT7 (5-HT7R) receptors in cultured astrocytes using ultra-high-pressure liquid-chromatography with mass-spectrometry and capillary-immunoblotting systems. Therapeutically-relevant lurasidone concentration suppressed astroglial L-glutamate release through activated connexin43-containing hemichannel by decreasing connexin43 expression in plasma-membrane. Subchronic lurasidone administration downregulated 5-HT1AR and 5-HT7R in astroglial plasma-membrane concentration-dependently. Subchronic lurasidone administration attenuated ERK and AMPK signallings concentration-dependently without affecting AKT signalling. These results suggest that effects of subchronic lurasidone administration on astroglial L-glutamate release, 5-HT receptor, and intracellular signalling are similar to vortioxetine and different from mood-stabilising atypical antipsychotics, clozapine. Therefore, inhibitory effects of subchronic lurasidone administration on astroglial L-glutamate release through activated connexin43-containing hemichannel probably contribute to pathophysiology of antidepressive mood-stabilising effects of lurasidone. Furthermore, inhibitory effects of subchronic lurasidone administration on ERK and AMPK activities (without affecting AKT activity) induced by downregulation of 5-HT7R could result in clinical advantages of lurasidone, lower risk of weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouji Fukuyama
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Division of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan.
| | - Eishi Motomura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Division of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan.
| | - Takashi Shiroyama
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Division of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan.
| | - Motohiro Okada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Division of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan.
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13
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Hatem R, Nawaz FA, Al-Sharif GA, Almoosa M, Kattan W, Tzivinikos C, Amirali EL, Albanna A. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Children and Adolescents Taking Atypical Antipsychotic Medications: Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JMIR Res Protoc 2022; 11:e20168. [PMID: 35311689 PMCID: PMC8981001 DOI: 10.2196/20168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Atypical antipsychotics (AAP) are commonly prescribed to children and adolescents and are associated with important adverse effects including weight gain and metabolic syndrome. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is not only the most common pediatric liver disease but is also associated with serious complications including liver cirrhosis. Objective Given that NAFLD and AAP are associated with metabolic syndrome, we aim to comprehensively examine the association between AAP and NAFLD in children and adolescents. Methods We will conduct a systematic review of studies exploring NAFLD in subjects younger than 18 years on AAP published in English between 1950 and 2020 following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) guidelines. Results A PRISMA flowchart will be used present the study results after comprehensively reviewing studies on NAFLD in children and adolescents taking AAP. The first and second systematic searches will be conducted during December 2021. The results are expected to be published in June 2022. Conclusions This research project will serve as a foundation for future studies and assist in devising interventions and reforming clinical guidelines for using AAP to ensure improved patient safety. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/20168
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Hatem
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Faisal A Nawaz
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ghadah A Al-Sharif
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammad Almoosa
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Wid Kattan
- Division of Psychiatry, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - E Lila Amirali
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Ammar Albanna
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.,Al Jalila Children's Specialty Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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14
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Burghardt KJ, Calme G, Caruso M, Howlett BH, Sanders E, Msallaty Z, Mallisho A, Seyoum B, Qi YA, Zhang X, Yi Z. Profiling the Skeletal Muscle Proteome in Patients on Atypical Antipsychotics and Mood Stabilizers. Brain Sci 2022; 12:259. [PMID: 35204022 PMCID: PMC8870450 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12020259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Atypical antipsychotics (AAP) are used in the treatment of severe mental illness. They are associated with several metabolic side effects including insulin resistance. The skeletal muscle is the primary tissue responsible for insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. Dysfunction of protein regulation within the skeletal muscle following treatment with AAPs may play a role in the associated metabolic side effects. The objective of this study was to measure protein abundance in the skeletal muscle of patients on long-term AAP or mood stabilizer treatment. Cross-sectional muscle biopsies were obtained from patients with bipolar disorder and global protein abundance was measured using stable isotope labeling by amino acid (SILAC) combined with high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS). Sixteen patients completed muscle biopsies and were included in the proteomic analyses. A total of 40 proteins were significantly different between the AAP group and the mood stabilizer group. In-silico pathway analysis identified significant enrichment in several pathways including glucose metabolism, cell cycle, apoptosis, and folate metabolism. Proteome abundance changes also differed based on protein biological processes and function. In summary, significant differences in proteomic profiles were identified in the skeletal muscle between patients on AAPs and mood stabilizers. Future work is needed to validate these findings in prospectively sampled populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle J. Burghardt
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Avenue, Suite 2190, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (G.C.); (B.H.H.); (E.S.)
| | - Griffin Calme
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Avenue, Suite 2190, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (G.C.); (B.H.H.); (E.S.)
| | - Michael Caruso
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (M.C.); (X.Z.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Bradley H. Howlett
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Avenue, Suite 2190, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (G.C.); (B.H.H.); (E.S.)
| | - Elani Sanders
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Avenue, Suite 2190, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (G.C.); (B.H.H.); (E.S.)
| | - Zaher Msallaty
- Division of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 4201 St Antoine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (Z.M.); (A.M.); (B.S.)
| | - Abdullah Mallisho
- Division of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 4201 St Antoine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (Z.M.); (A.M.); (B.S.)
| | - Berhane Seyoum
- Division of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 4201 St Antoine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (Z.M.); (A.M.); (B.S.)
| | - Yue A. Qi
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Xiangmin Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (M.C.); (X.Z.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Zhengping Yi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (M.C.); (X.Z.); (Z.Y.)
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15
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Han M, Lian J, Su Y, Deng C. Cevimeline co-treatment attenuates olanzapine-induced metabolic disorders via modulating hepatic M3 muscarinic receptor: AMPKα signalling pathway in female rats. J Psychopharmacol 2022; 36:202-213. [PMID: 34694173 DOI: 10.1177/02698811211050549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Olanzapine is one of the most commonly used antipsychotic drugs; however, its metabolic disorders are the main obstacle in the clinic. Olanzapine is a potent antagonist of the M3 acetylcholine muscarinic receptor (M3R), while the downregulated hepatic M3R-AMPKα signalling pathway is involved in metabolic disorders. AIM This study investigated the effects of chronic co-treatment with cevimeline (an agonist of M3Rs) in attenuating olanzapine-induced metabolic disorders and the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Forty-eight adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were treated orally with olanzapine (2 mg/kg, 3 times/day (t.i.d.)) and/or cevimeline (9 mg/kg, t.i.d.), or control (vehicle) for 9 weeks. RESULTS Cevimeline co-treatment significantly attenuated olanzapine-induced body weight gain and glucolipid metabolic disorders. Importantly, cevimeline co-treatment attenuated olanzapine-induced upregulation of M3Rs, while the co-treatment improved olanzapine-induced downregulation of AMPKα in the liver. Cevimeline co-treatment attenuated olanzapine-induced dyslipidaemia by modulating the hepatic M3R-AMPKα downstream pathways. Cevimeline co-treatment also improved lower activated AKT-GSK3β signalling to reverse impairment of glucose metabolism and insulin resistance caused by chronic olanzapine treatment. CONCLUSION These results not only support the important role of M3R antagonism and its related AMPKα and downstream pathways in antipsychotic-induced metabolic disorders but also indicate that these pathways might be promising targets for pharmacological intervention to control these side effects caused by antipsychotic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Han
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,School of Medicine and Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Jiamei Lian
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,School of Medicine and Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Yueqing Su
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,School of Medicine and Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chao Deng
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,School of Medicine and Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
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16
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del Campo A, Salamanca C, Fajardo A, Díaz-Castro F, Bustos C, Calfío C, Troncoso R, Pastene-Navarrete ER, Acuna-Castillo C, Milla LA, Villarroel CA, Cubillos FA, Aranda M, Rojo LE. Anthocyanins from Aristotelia chilensis Prevent Olanzapine-Induced Hepatic-Lipid Accumulation but Not Insulin Resistance in Skeletal Muscle Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26206149. [PMID: 34684731 PMCID: PMC8537850 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes and obesity are major problems worldwide and dietary polyphenols have shown efficacy to ameliorate signs of these diseases. Anthocyanins from berries display potent antioxidants and protect against weight gain and insulin resistance in different models of diet-induced metabolic syndrome. Olanzapine is known to induce an accelerated form of metabolic syndrome. Due to the aforementioned, we evaluated whether delphinidin-3,5-O-diglucoside (DG) and delphinidin-3-O-sambubioside-5-O-glucoside (DS), two potent antidiabetic anthocyanins isolated from Aristotelia chilensis fruit, could prevent olanzapine-induced steatosis and insulin resistance in liver and skeletal muscle cells, respectively. HepG2 liver cells and L6 skeletal muscle cells were co-incubated with DG 50 μg/mL or DS 50 μg/mL plus olanzapine 50 μg/mL. Lipid accumulation was determined in HepG2 cells while the expression of p-Akt as a key regulator of the insulin-activated signaling pathways, mitochondrial function, and glucose uptake was assessed in L6 cells. DS and DG prevented olanzapine-induced lipid accumulation in liver cells. However, insulin signaling impairment induced by olanzapine in L6 cells was not rescued by DS and DG. Thus, anthocyanins modulate lipid metabolism, which is a relevant factor in hepatic tissue, but do not significantly influence skeletal muscle, where a potent antioxidant effect of olanzapine was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea del Campo
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170002, Chile; (C.S.); (A.F.); (C.B.); (C.C.); (C.A.-C.)
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Bioenergética Celular, Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
- Correspondence: (A.d.C.); (L.E.R.); Tel.: +56-223544384 (A.d.C.); +56-22718-1177 (L.E.R.)
| | - Catalina Salamanca
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170002, Chile; (C.S.); (A.F.); (C.B.); (C.C.); (C.A.-C.)
| | - Angelo Fajardo
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170002, Chile; (C.S.); (A.F.); (C.B.); (C.C.); (C.A.-C.)
| | - Francisco Díaz-Castro
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Nutrición y Actividad Física, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile; (F.D.-C.); (R.T.)
| | - Catalina Bustos
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170002, Chile; (C.S.); (A.F.); (C.B.); (C.C.); (C.A.-C.)
| | - Camila Calfío
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170002, Chile; (C.S.); (A.F.); (C.B.); (C.C.); (C.A.-C.)
| | - Rodrigo Troncoso
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Nutrición y Actividad Física, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile; (F.D.-C.); (R.T.)
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Edgar R. Pastene-Navarrete
- Laboratorio de Síntesis y Biotransformación de Productos Naturales, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán 4081112, Chile;
| | - Claudio Acuna-Castillo
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170002, Chile; (C.S.); (A.F.); (C.B.); (C.C.); (C.A.-C.)
| | - Luis A. Milla
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, CIBAP, Obispo Umaña 050, Santiago 9170201, Chile;
| | - Carlos A. Villarroel
- ANID-Programa Iniciativa Científica Milenio-Instituto Milenio de Biología Integrativa (iBio), General del Canto 50, Providencia, Santiago 7500565, Chile; (C.A.V.); (F.A.C.)
- Laboratorio Interacciones Insecto-Planta, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Francisco A. Cubillos
- ANID-Programa Iniciativa Científica Milenio-Instituto Milenio de Biología Integrativa (iBio), General del Canto 50, Providencia, Santiago 7500565, Chile; (C.A.V.); (F.A.C.)
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170002, Chile
| | - Mario Aranda
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Fármacos y Alimentos, Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile;
| | - Leonel E. Rojo
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170002, Chile; (C.S.); (A.F.); (C.B.); (C.C.); (C.A.-C.)
- Correspondence: (A.d.C.); (L.E.R.); Tel.: +56-223544384 (A.d.C.); +56-22718-1177 (L.E.R.)
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17
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Carli M, Kolachalam S, Longoni B, Pintaudi A, Baldini M, Aringhieri S, Fasciani I, Annibale P, Maggio R, Scarselli M. Atypical Antipsychotics and Metabolic Syndrome: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Differences. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:238. [PMID: 33800403 PMCID: PMC8001502 DOI: 10.3390/ph14030238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Atypical antipsychotics (AAPs) are commonly prescribed medications to treat schizophrenia, bipolar disorders and other psychotic disorders. However, they might cause metabolic syndrome (MetS) in terms of weight gain, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and high blood pressure, which are responsible for reduced life expectancy and poor adherence. Importantly, there is clear evidence that early metabolic disturbances can precede weight gain, even if the latter still remains the hallmark of AAPs use. In fact, AAPs interfere profoundly with glucose and lipid homeostasis acting mostly on hypothalamus, liver, pancreatic β-cells, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle. Their actions on hypothalamic centers via dopamine, serotonin, acetylcholine, and histamine receptors affect neuropeptides and 5'AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity, thus producing a supraphysiological sympathetic outflow augmenting levels of glucagon and hepatic glucose production. In addition, altered insulin secretion, dyslipidemia, fat deposition in the liver and adipose tissues, and insulin resistance become aggravating factors for MetS. In clinical practice, among AAPs, olanzapine and clozapine are associated with the highest risk of MetS, whereas quetiapine, risperidone, asenapine and amisulpride cause moderate alterations. The new AAPs such as ziprasidone, lurasidone and the partial agonist aripiprazole seem more tolerable on the metabolic profile. However, these aspects must be considered together with the differences among AAPs in terms of their efficacy, where clozapine still remains the most effective. Intriguingly, there seems to be a correlation between AAP's higher clinical efficacy and increase risk of metabolic alterations. Finally, a multidisciplinary approach combining psychoeducation and therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is proposed as a first-line strategy to avoid the MetS. In addition, pharmacological treatments are discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Carli
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (S.K.); (B.L.); (A.P.); (M.B.); (S.A.)
| | - Shivakumar Kolachalam
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (S.K.); (B.L.); (A.P.); (M.B.); (S.A.)
| | - Biancamaria Longoni
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (S.K.); (B.L.); (A.P.); (M.B.); (S.A.)
| | - Anna Pintaudi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (S.K.); (B.L.); (A.P.); (M.B.); (S.A.)
| | - Marco Baldini
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (S.K.); (B.L.); (A.P.); (M.B.); (S.A.)
| | - Stefano Aringhieri
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (S.K.); (B.L.); (A.P.); (M.B.); (S.A.)
| | - Irene Fasciani
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (I.F.); (R.M.)
| | - Paolo Annibale
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Roberto Maggio
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (I.F.); (R.M.)
| | - Marco Scarselli
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (S.K.); (B.L.); (A.P.); (M.B.); (S.A.)
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18
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Effects of olanzapine treatment on lipid profiles in patients with schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17028. [PMID: 33046806 PMCID: PMC7552389 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73983-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Olanzapine-induced dyslipidemia significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with schizophrenia. However, the clinical features of olanzapine-induced dyslipidemia remain hitherto unclear because of inconsistencies in the literature. This meta-analysis thus investigated the effects of olanzapine treatment on lipid profiles among patients with schizophrenia. Studies of the effects of olanzapine on lipids were obtained through the PubMed, Web of science, The Cochrane Library and Embase databases (up to January 1, 2020). Twenty-one studies and 1790 schizophrenia patients who received olanzapine therapy were included in our analysis. An olanzapine-induced increase was observed in plasma triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels in patients with schizophrenia (all P < 0.05). Moreover, the time points analyzed included the following: baseline, 4 weeks, 6 weeks, 8 weeks, 12 weeks, and ≥ 24 weeks (data of ≥ 24 weeks were integrated). The significant elevation of TG, TC, and LDL-C was observed in patients with schizophrenia already by 4 weeks of olanzapine therapy (all P < 0.05), with no obvious changes observed in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (P > 0.05). In conclusion, olanzapine-induced dyslipidemia, characterized by increased TG, TC, and LDL-C levels, was observed in patients with schizophrenia already by 4 weeks of olanzapine treatment.
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19
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Epigenetic histone modulations of PPARγ and related pathways contribute to olanzapine-induced metabolic disorders. Pharmacol Res 2020; 155:104703. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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20
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Huang J, Lee SJ, Kang S, Choi MH, Im DS. 7 α,25-Dihydroxycholesterol Suppresses Hepatocellular Steatosis through GPR183/EBI2 in Mouse and Human Hepatocytes. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2020; 374:142-150. [PMID: 32341017 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.120.264960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is a chronic inflammatory liver disease. It is associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Oxycholesterols are metabolites of cholesterol, and several of them can act on the G protein-coupled receptor, G protein-coupled receptor 183 (GPR183)/Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 2. We found expression of GPR183 in human hepatoma cell lines and in vivo induction of GPR183 expression in mouse livers after high-fat diet feeding. Therefore, the role of oxycholesterols and GPR183 in hepatocytes was studied using a model of hepatic steatosis induced by liver X receptor (LXR) activation. LXR activation by T0901317 resulted in fat accumulation in Hep3B human hepatoma cells. This lipid accumulation was inhibited by 7α,25-dihydroxycholesterol, the most potent agonist of GPR183. The protective effects of 7α,25-dihydroxycholesterol were suppressed by a specific GPR183 antagonist, NIBR189 [(2E)-3-(4-Bromophenyl)-1-[4-4-methoxybenzoyl)-1-piperazinyl]-2-propene-1-one]. T0901317 treatment induced expression of the major transcription factor for lipogenesis, sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c). 7α,25-Dihydroxycholesterol inhibited the induction of SREBP-1c proteins in a GPR183-dependent manner. Using inhibitors specific for intracellular signaling molecules, 7α,25-dihydroxycholesterol-induced suppression of hepatocellular steatosis was shown to be mediated through Gi/o proteins, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases, phosphoinositide 3-kinase, and AMP-activated protein kinase. In addition, the inhibitory effect of 7α,25-dihydroxycholesterol was validated in HepG2 cells and primary mouse hepatocytes. Therefore, the present report suggests that 7α,25-dihydroxycholesterol-GPR183 signaling may suppress hepatocellular steatosis in the liver. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Oxycholesterols, which are metabolites of cholesterol, act on the G protein-coupled receptor, G protein-coupled receptor 183 (GPR183)/Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 2, which is expressed in human hepatoma cell lines, and its expression is induced in vivo in mouse livers after high-fat diet feeding. Activation of GPR183 inhibits fat accumulation in primary mouse hepatocytes and HepG2 cells through Gi/o proteins, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases, phosphoinositide 3-kinase, and AMP-activated protein kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea (J.H., S.-J.L., S.K., D.-S.I.); Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea (M.H.C.); and Laboratory of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, and Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Scicenses, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (D.-S.I.)
| | - Seung-Jin Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea (J.H., S.-J.L., S.K., D.-S.I.); Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea (M.H.C.); and Laboratory of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, and Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Scicenses, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (D.-S.I.)
| | - Saeromi Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea (J.H., S.-J.L., S.K., D.-S.I.); Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea (M.H.C.); and Laboratory of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, and Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Scicenses, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (D.-S.I.)
| | - Man Ho Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea (J.H., S.-J.L., S.K., D.-S.I.); Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea (M.H.C.); and Laboratory of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, and Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Scicenses, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (D.-S.I.)
| | - Dong-Soon Im
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea (J.H., S.-J.L., S.K., D.-S.I.); Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea (M.H.C.); and Laboratory of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, and Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Scicenses, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (D.-S.I.)
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Ma P, Huang R, Jiang J, Ding Y, Li T, Ou Y. Potential use of C-phycocyanin in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 526:906-912. [PMID: 32279997 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
C-phycocyanin (C-PC) is a kind of photosynthetically assisted pigment, which is ubiquitous in cyanobacteria cells. We investigated the effect of C-PC on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its mechanism. Through oil red O staining, TC/TG detection, liver SOD/MDA detection and liver H&E staining, we found that C-PC could significantly reduce the lipid accumulation in the steatosis L02 cells and the liver of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) mice, and improve the antioxidant capacity of liver. The results of Western Blotting showed that C-PC upregulated the expression of AMPK phosphorylation and downregulated SREBP-1c and its target genes ACC and FAS expression levels. Furthermore, C-PC also upregulated the expression of transcription factor PPARα, which was regulated by AMPK, and its target genes CPT1 level. In addition, C-PC could promote AMPK phosphorylation in hepatocytes while increasing the phosphorylation level of ACC in vivo and in vitro. Besides, C-PC could also improve the liver inflammatory infiltration by upregulated the expression of PPARγ and downregulated the expression of CD36, IL6 and TNFα. These results indicate that C-PC may improve hepatic lipid accumulation and inflammation in the non-alcoholic fatty liver mice by activating AMPK pathway of hepatocytes. The finding provides important help for the research and development of C-PC in the nutraceuticals and therapeutics of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Ma
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Rongrong Huang
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Jingyao Jiang
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Yuan Ding
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Tingting Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Yu Ou
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, China.
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Liang C, Li Y, Bai M, Huang Y, Yang H, Liu L, Wang S, Yu C, Song Z, Bao Y, Yi J, Sun L, Li Y. Hypericin attenuates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and abnormal lipid metabolism via the PKA-mediated AMPK signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo. Pharmacol Res 2020; 153:104657. [PMID: 31982488 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease worldwide and constitutes a major risk factor for progression to cirrhosis, liver failure and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The occurrence of NAFLD is closely associated with abnormal lipid metabolism and implies a high risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, specific and effective drugs for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD are necessary. Hypericin (HP) is one of the main active ingredients of Hypericum perforatum L., and we previously revealed its protective role in islet β-cells and its effects against type 2 diabetes. In this study, we aimed to explore the preventive and therapeutic effects of HP against NAFLD and the underlying mechanisms in vitro and in vivo. Here, we demonstrated that HP improved cell viability by reducing apoptosis and attenuated lipid accumulation in hepatocytes both in vitro and in vivovia attenuating oxidative stress, inhibiting lipogenesis and enhancing lipid oxidization. Thus, HP exhibited significant preventive and therapeutic effects against HFHS-induced NAFLD and dyslipidemia in mice. Furthermore, we demonstrated that HP directly bound to PKACα and activated PKA/AMPK signaling to elicit its effects against NAFLD, suggesting that PKACα is one of the drug targets of HP. In addition, the enhancing effect of HP on lipolysis in adipocytes through the activation of PKACα was also elucidated. Together, the conclusions indicated that HP, of which one of the targets is PKACα, has the potential to be used as a preventive or therapeutic drug against NAFLD or abnormal lipid metabolism in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Liang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China; Research Center of Agriculture and Medicine Gene Engineering of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Yan Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Miao Bai
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Yanxin Huang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Hang Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Research Center of Agriculture and Medicine Gene Engineering of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Shuyue Wang
- Research Center of Agriculture and Medicine Gene Engineering of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Chunlei Yu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Zhenbo Song
- Research Center of Agriculture and Medicine Gene Engineering of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Yongli Bao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Jingwen Yi
- Research Center of Agriculture and Medicine Gene Engineering of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Luguo Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China.
| | - Yuxin Li
- Research Center of Agriculture and Medicine Gene Engineering of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China.
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Mouzaki M, Yodoshi T, Arce-Clachar AC, Bramlage K, Fei L, Ley SL, Xanthakos SA. Psychotropic Medications Are Associated With Increased Liver Disease Severity in Pediatric Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2019; 69:339-343. [PMID: 31124886 PMCID: PMC8525622 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000002401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to determine whether pediatric patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) exposed to psychotropic medications have more severe liver disease compared to their counterparts who are not on these medications. We hypothesize that use of psychotropic agents is associated with liver disease severity. METHODS Children and adolescents with biopsy-confirmed NAFLD were included in this study. Histology data, detailed clinical information, and results of serum biochemistries performed within 3 months of the liver biopsy were collected retrospectively. Univariate and multivariate modeling was used to determine differences between the groups and to control for confounders. RESULTS A total of 228 patients were included, 17 (8%) of whom where on psychotropic medications at the time of the liver biopsy. Patients on psychotropic medications were more likely to also be on metformin (53% vs 18%, P < 0.01) and antihypertensive medications (29% vs 8%, P < 0.01) compared to children with NAFLD who were not on psychotropic agents. There were no differences in regards to biochemical evidence of liver injury, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia between the groups. On histology, however, the use of psychotropic medications was associated with increased steatosis severity (score 2.4 vs 1.9, P = 0.04) and increased likelihood of having an NAFLD Activity Score ≥5 (seen in 59% vs 35% or patients; P = 0.05, respectively). CONCLUSIONS In this large cohort of children with biopsy-confirmed NAFLD, the use of psychotropic medications was associated with increased liver disease severity. Exposure to psychotropic agents should be considered when risk stratifying children with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marialena Mouzaki
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Toshifumi Yodoshi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Ana C. Arce-Clachar
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Kristin Bramlage
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Lin Fei
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Sanita L. Ley
- Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Stavra A. Xanthakos
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
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Tay YH, Lee J. The relationship between serum adiponectin levels, cardiometabolic indices and metabolic syndrome in schizophrenia. Asian J Psychiatr 2019; 43:1-6. [PMID: 31059867 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adiponectin is a hormone secreted by adipose tissues that is thought to influence lipid and glucose metabolism, and the development of metabolic derangements, including metabolic syndrome (MetS), in schizophrenia. We aim to determine the serum adiponectin levels in Chinese patients with schizophrenia, and explore the relationship between adiponectin levels and metabolic parameters, including MetS and its components. We hypothesized that serum adiponectin levels are similar in schizophrenia patients and controls, but decreased amongst patients on atypical antipsychotics. METHODS 81 patients and 81 controls were recruited. Anthropometric parameters and fasted blood samples for metabolic measurements were obtained. Serum adiponectin levels were measured using Bioplex assays. RESULTS There was no difference in median adiponectin levels between schizophrenia patients and controls. Those taking typical antipsychotics alone had lower median adiponectin levels than those on mixed typical and atypical antipsychotics. Serum adiponectin level, controlled for age, gender and body mass index, was positively correlated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and negatively correlated with diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride levels in schizophrenia patients. Patients with MetS had lower median adiponectin levels than those without MetS, and serum adiponectin levels decreased as the number of MetS components increased. After adjusting for variables thought to influence MetS, our logistic regression model did not reveal any significant association between adiponectin levels and MetS in schizophrenia patients. CONCLUSION Our findings highlight the need for more studies focusing on serum adiponectin level and its relationship with MetS in schizophrenia, particularly in those taking typical antipsychotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Hang Tay
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore.
| | - Jimmy Lee
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore; North Region & Department of Psychosis, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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Li L, Zhang H, Yao Y, Yang Z, Ma H. (-)-Hydroxycitric Acid Suppresses Lipid Droplet Accumulation and Accelerates Energy Metabolism via Activation of the Adiponectin-AMPK Signaling Pathway in Broiler Chickens. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:3188-3197. [PMID: 30827101 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b07287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
(-)-Hydroxycitric acid (HCA) inhibits the deposition of fat in animals and humans, while the molecular mechanism is still unclear. The present study investigated the effect and mechanism of (-)-HCA's regulation of lipid, glucose, and energy metabolism in broiler chickens. The current results showed that (-)-HCA decreased the accumulation of lipid droplets and triglyceride content by reducing fatty acid synthase protein level and enhancing phosphorylation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase protein level. (-)-HCA accelerated carbohydrate aerobic metabolisms by increasing the activities of phosphofructokinase-1, pyruvate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, and malate dehydrogenase. Furthermore, (-)-HCA increased adiponectin receptor 1 mRNA level and enhanced phospho-AMPKα, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α, nuclear respiratory factor-1, and mitochondrial transcription factor A protein levels in broiler chickens. These data indicated that (-)-HCA reduced lipid droplet accumulation, improved glucose catabolism, and accelerated energy metabolism in broiler chickens, possibly via activation of adiponectin-AMPK signaling pathway. These results revealed the biochemical mechanism of (-)-HCA-mediated fat accumulation and the prevention of metabolic disorder-related diseases in broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longlong Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , China
| | - Huihui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , China
| | - Yao Yao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , China
| | - Zhongmiao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , China
| | - Haitian Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , China
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Vantaggiato C, Panzeri E, Citterio A, Orso G, Pozzi M. Antipsychotics Promote Metabolic Disorders Disrupting Cellular Lipid Metabolism and Trafficking. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2019; 30:189-210. [PMID: 30718115 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Antipsychotics frequently cause obesity and related metabolic disorders that current psychopharmacological/endocrinological theories do not explain consistently. An integrative/alternative theory implies metabolic alterations happening at the cellular level. Many observations in vitro and in vivo, and pivotal observations in humans, point towards chemical properties of antipsychotics, independent of receptor binding characteristics. Being amphiphilic weak bases, antipsychotics can disrupt lysosomal function, affecting cholesterol trafficking; moreover, by chemical mimicry, antipsychotics can inhibit cholesterol biosynthesis. These two molecular adverse effects may trigger a cascade of transcriptional and biochemical events, ultimately reducing available cholesterol while increasing cholesterol precursors and fatty acids. The macroscopic manifestation of these molecular alterations includes decreased high-density lipoprotein and increased very low-density lipoprotein and triglycerides that may translate into obesity and related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Vantaggiato
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini (LC), 23842, Italy
| | - Elena Panzeri
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini (LC), 23842, Italy
| | - Andrea Citterio
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini (LC), 23842, Italy
| | - Genny Orso
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova (PD), 35131, Italy
| | - Marco Pozzi
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini (LC), 23842, Italy.
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Wang W, Bai M, Jiang T, Li C, Li P, Zhou H, Wang Z, Li L, Jiang H. Clozapine-induced reduction of l-carnitine reabsorption via inhibition/down-regulation of renal carnitine/organic cation transporter 2 contributes to liver lipid metabolic disorder in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 363:47-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Auger F, Martin F, Pétrault O, Samaillie J, Hennebelle T, Trabelsi MS, Bailleul F, Staels B, Bordet R, Duriez P. Risperidone-induced metabolic dysfunction is attenuated by Curcuma longa extract administration in mice. Metab Brain Dis 2018; 33:63-77. [PMID: 29034440 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-017-0133-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Antipsychotics, such as risperidone, increase food intake and induce alteration in glucose and lipid metabolism concomitantly with overweight and body fat increase, these biological abnormalities belong to the metabolic syndrome definition (high visceral adiposity, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperglycemia, low HDL-cholesterol and high blood pressure). Curcumin is a major component of traditional turmeric (Curcuma longa) which has been reported to improve lipid and glucose metabolism and to decrease weight in obese mice. We questioned the potential capacity of curcumin, contained in Curcuma longa extract (Biocurcuma™), to attenuate the risperidone-induced metabolic dysfunction. Two groups of mice were treated once a week, for 22 weeks, with intraperitoneal injection of risperidone (Risperdal) at a dose 12.5 mpk. Two other groups received intraperitoneal injection of the vehicle of Risperdal following the same schedule. Mice of one risperidone-treated groups and of one of vehicle-treated groups were fed a diet with 0.05% Biocurcuma™ (curcumin), while mice of the two other groups received the standard diet. Curcumin limited the capacity of risperidone to reduce spontaneous motricity, but failed to impede risperidone-induced increase in food intake. Curcumin did not reduce the capacity of risperidone to induce weight gain, but decreased visceral adiposity and decreased the risperidone-induced hepatomegaly, but not steatosis. Furthermore, curcumin repressed the capacity of risperidone to induce the hepatic over expression of enzymes involved in lipid metabolism (LXRα, FAS, ACC1, LPL, PPARγ, ACO, SREBP2) and decreased risperidone-induced glucose intolerance and hypertriglyceridemia. Curcumin decreased risperidone-induced increases in serum markers of hepatotoxicity (ALAT, ASAT), as well as of one major hepatic pro-inflammatory transcription factor (NFκB: p105 mRNA and p65 protein). These findings support that nutritional doses of curcumin contained in Curcuma longa extract are able to partially counteract the risperidone-induced metabolic dysfunction in mice, suggesting that curcumin ought to be tested to reduce the capacity of risperidone to induce the metabolic syndrome in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Auger
- Joint Service of Life's Imaging Platform, University of Lille, UDSL, Lille, France
- Inserm, CHU Lille, U1171 - Degenerative & Vascular Cognitive Disorders, University of Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Françoise Martin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lille, UDSL, Lille, France
- INSERM U 1011, University of Lille, UDSL, Lille, France
- Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (E.G.I.D.), 3508, Lille, FR, France
| | - Olivier Pétrault
- Inserm, CHU Lille, U1171 - Degenerative & Vascular Cognitive Disorders, University of Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
- Laboratory of Blood Brain Barrier Physiopathology, University of Artois, Lens, France
| | - Jennifer Samaillie
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lille, UDSL, Lille, France
- Interdisciplinary Group of Research in Therapeutic Innovation and Optimization, 4481, Lille, EA, France
| | - Thierry Hennebelle
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lille, UDSL, Lille, France
- Interdisciplinary Group of Research in Therapeutic Innovation and Optimization, 4481, Lille, EA, France
| | - Mohamed-Sami Trabelsi
- INSERM U 1011, University of Lille, UDSL, Lille, France
- Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (E.G.I.D.), 3508, Lille, FR, France
| | - François Bailleul
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lille, UDSL, Lille, France
- Interdisciplinary Group of Research in Therapeutic Innovation and Optimization, 4481, Lille, EA, France
| | - Bart Staels
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lille, UDSL, Lille, France
- INSERM U 1011, University of Lille, UDSL, Lille, France
- Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (E.G.I.D.), 3508, Lille, FR, France
| | - Régis Bordet
- Inserm, CHU Lille, U1171 - Degenerative & Vascular Cognitive Disorders, University of Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Patrick Duriez
- Inserm, CHU Lille, U1171 - Degenerative & Vascular Cognitive Disorders, University of Lille, F-59000, Lille, France.
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lille, UDSL, Lille, France.
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Lille, 3 rue du Pr. Laguesse, 59000, Lille, France.
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Lu J, cheng B, Fang B, Meng Z, Zheng Y, Tian X, Guan S. Protective effects of allicin on 1,3-DCP-induced lipid metabolism disorder in HepG2 cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 96:1411-1417. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.10.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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Liu Z, Cui C, Xu P, Dang R, Cai H, Liao D, Yang M, Feng Q, Yan X, Jiang P. Curcumin Activates AMPK Pathway and Regulates Lipid Metabolism in Rats Following Prolonged Clozapine Exposure. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:558. [PMID: 29046626 PMCID: PMC5632657 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Clozapine (CLO) remains an ultimate option for patients with treatment resistant schizophrenia. However, the atypical antipsychotic is often associated with serious metabolic side effects, such as dyslipidemia. Hepatic sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs) are central in the allosteric control of a variety of lipid biosynthetic pathways. There is emerging evidence that CLO can activate SREBP pathway and enhance downstream lipogenesis, whereas curcumin (CUR), a major active compound of Curcuma longa, contains hypolipidemic properties. Therefore, in the present study, we examined the protective effects of CUR against CLO-induced lipid disturbance and analyzed the expression of key components in hepatic lipid metabolism. Our data showed that 4-week treatment of CLO (15 mg/kg/day) markedly elevated serum lipid levels and resulted in hepatic lipid accumulation, whereas co-treatment of CUR (80 mg/kg/day) alleviated the CLO-induced dyslipidemia. We further demonstrated that CUR appears to be a novel AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) agonist, which enhanced AMPK phosphorylation and mitigated CLO-induced SREBP overexpression. Additionally, CUR also modulated the downstream SREBP-targeted genes involved in fatty acid synthesis and cholesterol metabolism, including fatty acid synthase (FAS) and HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR). In summary, our study suggests that the suppressed AMPK activity and thereby enhanced SREBP-dependent lipid synthesis could be associated with the antipsychotic-stimulated dyslipidemia, whereas CUR may maintain lipid homeostasis by directly binding to AMPK, indicating that adjunctive use of CUR could be a promising preventive strategy for the drug-induced lipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Changmeng Cui
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Ruili Dang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Hualin Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dehua Liao
- Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mengqi Yang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Qingyan Feng
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Xin Yan
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pei Jiang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
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31
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Zeng J, Wang X. Metabolic disorder caused by antipsychotic treatment may facilitate the development of atrial fibrillation. Int J Cardiol 2017; 239:14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.01.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Li Y, Zhao X, Feng X, Liu X, Deng C, Hu CH. Berberine Alleviates Olanzapine-Induced Adipogenesis via the AMPKα-SREBP Pathway in 3T3-L1 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E1865. [PMID: 27834848 PMCID: PMC5133865 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17111865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms underlying the inhibitory effects of berberine (BBR) on olanzapine (OLZ)-induced adipogenesis in a well-replicated 3T3-L1 cell model. Oil-Red-O (ORO) staining showed that BBR significantly decreased OLZ-induced adipogenesis. Co-treatment with OLZ and BBR decreased the accumulation of triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) by 55.58% ± 3.65% and 49.84% ± 8.31%, respectively, in 3T3-L1 adipocytes accompanied by reduced expression of Sterol regulatory element binding proteins 1 (SREBP1), fatty acid synthase (FAS), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), SREBP2, low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), and hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGR) genes compared with OLZ alone. Consistently, the co-treatment downregulated protein levels of SREBP1, SREBP2, and LDLR by 57.71% ± 9.42%, 73.05% ± 11.82%, and 59.46% ± 9.91%, respectively. In addition, co-treatment reversed the phosphorylation level of AMP-activated protein kinase-α (AMPKα), which was reduced by OLZ, determined via the ratio of pAMPKα:AMPKα (94.1%) compared with OLZ alone. The results showed that BBR may prevent lipid metabolism disorders caused by OLZ by reversing the degree of SREBP pathway upregulated and the phosphorylation of AMPKα downregulated. Collectively, these results indicated that BBR could be used as a potential adjuvant to prevent dyslipidemia and obesity caused by the use of second-generation antipsychotic medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
- Engineer Research Center of Chongqing Pharmaceutical Process and Quality Control, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Xiaomin Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
- Engineer Research Center of Chongqing Pharmaceutical Process and Quality Control, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Xiyu Feng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
- Engineer Research Center of Chongqing Pharmaceutical Process and Quality Control, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Xuemei Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
- Engineer Research Center of Chongqing Pharmaceutical Process and Quality Control, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Chao Deng
- Antipsychotic Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, and Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2522, NSW, Australia.
| | - Chang-Hua Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
- Engineer Research Center of Chongqing Pharmaceutical Process and Quality Control, Chongqing 400715, China.
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Chiang MC, Cheng YC, Chen SJ, Yen CH, Huang RN. Metformin activation of AMPK-dependent pathways is neuroprotective in human neural stem cells against Amyloid-beta-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Exp Cell Res 2016; 347:322-31. [PMID: 27554603 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the general consequence of dementia and is diagnostic neuropathology by the cumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) protein aggregates, which are thought to promote mitochondrial dysfunction processes leading to neurodegeneration. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a critical regulator of energy homeostasis and a major player in lipid and glucose metabolism, is potentially implied in the mitochondrial deficiency of AD. Metformin, one of the widespread used anti- metabolic disease drugs, use its actions in part by stimulation of AMPK. While the mechanisms of AD are well established, the neuronal roles for AMPK in AD are still not well understood. In the present study, human neural stem cells (hNSCs) exposed to Aβ had significantly reduced cell viability, which correlated with decreased AMPK, neuroprotective genes (Bcl-2 and CREB) and mitochondria associated genes (PGC1α, NRF-1 and Tfam) expressions, as well as increased activation of caspase 3/9 activity and cytosolic cytochrome c. Co-treatment with metformin distinct abolished the Aβ-caused actions in hNSCs. Metformin also significantly rescued hNSCs from Aβ-mediated mitochondrial deficiency (lower D-loop level, mitochondrial mass, maximal respiratory function, COX activity, and mitochondrial membrane potential). Importantly, co-treatment with metformin significantly restored fragmented mitochondria to almost normal morphology in the hNSCs with Aβ. These findings extend our understanding of the central role of AMPK in Aβ-related neuronal impairment. Thus, a better understanding of AMPK might assist in both the recognition of its critical effects and the implementation of new therapeutic strategies in the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Chang Chiang
- Department of Life Science, College of Science and Engineering, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Chuan Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shiang-Jiuun Chen
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hui Yen
- Department of International Business, Ming Chuan University, Taipei 111, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Nan Huang
- Department of Entomology and Research Center for Plant-Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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Liu X, Lian J, Hu CH, Deng C. Betahistine co-treatment ameliorates dyslipidemia induced by chronic olanzapine treatment in rats through modulation of hepatic AMPKα-SREBP-1 and PPARα-dependent pathways. Pharmacol Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Fatty acid transport protein-2 inhibitor Grassofermata/CB5 protects cells against lipid accumulation and toxicity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 465:534-41. [PMID: 26284975 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.08.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The inhibition of the fatty acid uptake into non-adipose tissues provides an attractive target for prevention of lipotoxicity leading to obesity-associated non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes. Fatty acid transport proteins (FATPs) are bifunctional proteins involved in the uptake and activation of fatty acids by esterification with coenzyme A. Here we characterize Grassofermata/CB5, previously identified as a fatty acid uptake inhibitor directed against HsFATP2. The compound was effective in inhibiting the uptake of fatty acids in the low micro-molar range (IC50 8-11 μM) and prevented palmitate-mediated lipid accumulation and cell death in cell lines that are models for intestines, liver, muscle and pancreas. In adipocytes, uptake inhibition was less effective (IC50 58 μM). Inhibition was specific for long chain fatty acids and was ineffective toward medium chain fatty acids, which are transported by diffusion. Kinetic analysis of Grassofermata-dependent FA transport inhibition verified a non-competitive mechanism. By comparison with Grassofermata, several atypical antipsychotic drugs previously implicated as inhibitors of FA uptake were ineffectual. In mice Grassofermata decreased absorption of (13)C-oleate demonstrating its potential as a therapeutic agent.
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Metabolic syndrome and obesity among users of second generation antipsychotics: A global challenge for modern psychopharmacology. Pharmacol Res 2015. [PMID: 26218604 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Second generation antipsychotics (SGAs), such as clozapine, olanzapine, risperidone and quetiapine, are among the most effective therapies to stabilize symptoms schizophrenia (SZ) spectrum disorders. In fact, clozapine, olanzapine and risperidone have improved the quality of life of billions SZ patients worldwide. Based on the broad spectrum of efficacy and low risk of extrapyramidal symptoms displayed by SGAs, some regulatory agencies approved the use of SGAs in non-schizophrenic adults, children and adolescents suffering from a range of neuropsychiatric disorders. However, increasing number of reports have shown that SGAs are strongly associated with accelerated weight gain, insulin resistance, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and increased cardiovascular risk. These metabolic alterations can develop in as short as six months after the initiation of pharmacotherapy, which is now a controversial fact in public disclosure. Although the percentage of schizophrenic patients, the main target group of SGAs, is estimated in only 1% of the population, during the past ten years there was an exponential increase in the number of SGAs users, including millions of non-SZ patients. The scientific bases of SGAs metabolic side effects are not yet elucidated, but the evidence shows that the activation of transcriptional factor SRBP1c, the D1/D2 dopamine, GABA2 and 5HT neurotransmitions are implicated in the SGAs cardiovascular toxicity. Polypharmacological interventions are either non- or modestly effective in maintaining low cardiovascular risk in SGAs users. In this review we critically discuss the clinical and molecular evidence on metabolic alterations induced by SGAs, the evidence on the efficacy of classical antidiabetic drugs and the emerging concept of antidiabetic polyphenols as potential coadjutants in SGA-induced metabolic disorders.
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Tanyanskiy DA, Martynikhin IA, Rotar OP, Konradi AO, Sokolian NA, Neznanov NG, Denisenko AD. Association of adipokines with metabolic disorders in patients with schizophrenia: Results of comparative study with mental healthy cohort. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2015; 9:163-167. [PMID: 25952038 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2015.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM The role of adipose tissue hormones, adipokines, in formation of metabolic disorders in schizophrenia is not fully understood. The aim was to investigate the association of leptin and adiponectin plasma levels with metabolic parameters in antipsychotic treated patients with schizophrenia and in the group of age, gender and body mass index matched mental healthy persons. METHODS One hundred patients with diagnosis of schizophrenia, who took antipsychotic medication, and equal number of control subjects, were enrolled for cross-sectional evaluation. Fasting blood plasma levels of glucose, lipids, insulin, adiponectin, leptin concentrations and insulin resistance HOMA index were determined. RESULTS In both groups plasma leptin concentration positively correlated with body mass index, insulin plasma level and HOMA index, while adiponectin level had negative correlations with adiposity measures and positive associations with high density lipoprotein cholesterol content. At the same time, in schizophrenia group, but not in control subjects, leptin level positively associated with cholesterol and triglycerides concentrations and adiponectin negatively correlated with plasma insulin content, HOMA index and triglycerides levels. After controlling for confounders significant correlations remained for leptin concentration with HOMA index and plasma triglycerides level in schizophrenic patients and for adiponectin concentration with plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations in both studied groups. CONCLUSIONS Both adipokines associate with metabolic parameters in antipsychotic treated patients with schizophrenia. Leptin can play more specific role in pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome in schizophrenic persons than in mental healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry A Tanyanskiy
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Ivan A Martynikhin
- Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Department of Psychiatry and Narcology, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Oxana P Rotar
- Federal Almazov Medical Research Center, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Nina A Sokolian
- St. Petersburg V.M. Bekhterev Psychoneurological Research Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Nikolay G Neznanov
- Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Department of Psychiatry and Narcology, St. Petersburg, Russia; St. Petersburg V.M. Bekhterev Psychoneurological Research Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexander D Denisenko
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, St. Petersburg, Russia
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Acute effects of oral olanzapine treatment on the expression of fatty acid and cholesterol metabolism-related gene in rats. Life Sci 2015; 128:72-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Henderson DC, Vincenzi B, Andrea NV, Ulloa M, Copeland PM. Pathophysiological mechanisms of increased cardiometabolic risk in people with schizophrenia and other severe mental illnesses. Lancet Psychiatry 2015; 2:452-464. [PMID: 26360288 DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(15)00115-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Patients with schizophrenia have increased mortality and morbidity compared with the general population. These patients have a 20-year shorter lifespan than peers without schizophrenia, mainly due to premature cardiovascular disease, suicide, and cancer. Patients with severe mental illness are at increased risk for cardiovascular disease related to increased incidence of diabetes, hypertension, smoking, poor diet, obesity, dyslipidaemia, metabolic syndrome, low physical activity, and side-effects of antipsychotic drugs. Some second-generation antipsychotics (eg, clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, and risperidone) are associated with an increased risk of weight gain and obesity, impaired glucose tolerance and new-onset diabetes, hyperlipidaemia, and cardiovascular disease. The mechanisms by which schizophrenia and patients with severe mental illness are susceptible to cardiometabolic disorders are complex and include lifestyle risks and direct and indirect effects of antipsychotic drugs. An understanding of these risks might lead to effective interventions for prevention and treatment of cardiometabolic disorders in schizophrenia and severe mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Henderson
- Schizophrenia Clinical and Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Epidemiology, Harvard Medical School, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Brenda Vincenzi
- Schizophrenia Clinical and Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicolas V Andrea
- Schizophrenia Clinical and Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Melissa Ulloa
- Schizophrenia Clinical and Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul M Copeland
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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He Z, Peng Y, Duan W, Tian Y, Zhang J, Hu T, Cai Y, Feng Y, Li G. Aspirin regulates hepatocellular lipid metabolism by activating AMPK signaling pathway. J Toxicol Sci 2015; 40:127-36. [PMID: 25743752 DOI: 10.2131/jts.40.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxing He
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Nanchong Central Hospital, China
| | - Yong Peng
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Nanchong Central Hospital, China
| | - Wentao Duan
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Nanchong Central Hospital, China
| | - Yunhong Tian
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Nanchong Central Hospital, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Nanchong Central Hospital, China
| | - Tao Hu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Nanchong Central Hospital, China
| | - Yu Cai
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Nanchong Central Hospital, China
| | - Yuan Feng
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Nanchong Central Hospital, China
| | - Guangming Li
- Department of Oncology, Nanchong Central Hospital, China
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Han HS, Jung CY, Yoon YS, Choi S, Choi D, Kang G, Park KG, Kim ST, Koo SH. Arginine methylation of CRTC2 is critical in the transcriptional control of hepatic glucose metabolism. Sci Signal 2014; 7:ra19. [PMID: 24570487 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2004479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Fasting glucose homeostasis is maintained in part through cAMP (adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate)-dependent transcriptional control of hepatic gluconeogenesis by the transcription factor CREB (cAMP response element-binding protein) and its coactivator CRTC2 (CREB-regulated transcriptional coactivator 2). We showed that PRMT6 (protein arginine methyltransferase 6) promotes fasting-induced transcriptional activation of the gluconeogenic program involving CRTC2. Mass spectrometric analysis indicated that PRMT6 associated with CRTC2. In cells, PRMT6 mediated asymmetric dimethylation of multiple arginine residues of CRTC2, which enhanced the association of CRTC2 with CREB on the promoters of gluconeogenic enzyme-encoding genes. In mice, ectopic expression of PRMT6 promoted higher blood glucose concentrations, which were associated with increased expression of genes encoding gluconeogenic factors, whereas knockdown of hepatic PRMT6 decreased fasting glycemia and improved pyruvate tolerance. The abundance of hepatic PRMT6 was increased in mouse models of obesity and insulin resistance, and adenovirus-mediated depletion of PRMT6 restored euglycemia in these mice. We propose that PRMT6 is involved in the regulation of hepatic glucose metabolism in a CRTC2-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Sook Han
- 1Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-713, Korea
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Potential mechanisms of atypical antipsychotic-induced hypertriglyceridemia. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2013; 229:1-7. [PMID: 23832387 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-013-3193-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND BACKGROUND The development of atypical antipsychotic (AAP) drugs has brought about dramatic improvement in the function of many patients with schizophrenia and related mental disorders. However, prescription of AAPs is frequently associated with the emergence of weight gain, hypertriglyceridemia, and other metabolic disturbances. Although the mechanisms involved in AAP-induced hypertriglyceridemia remain to be fully elucidated, several studies have proposed that this side effect may be associated with weight gain and obesity. Recently, special emphasis has been placed on the evidence indicating a direct effect of AAPs on triglyceride metabolism. OBJECTIVES In this review, we highlight recent findings discussing the potential mechanisms by which AAPs may contribute to hypertriglyceridemia. In addition, we summarize the adjunctive pharmacologic treatments for AAP-associated dyslipidemia. CONCLUSIONS There is evidence that AAPs may cause hypertriglyceridemia through several possible mechanisms: (1) a direct effect on triglyceride metabolism either by stimulation of hepatic triglyceride production and secretion or by inhibition of lipoprotein lipase-mediated triglyceride hydrolysis and (2) an indirect mechanism associated with obesity and insulin resistance. The practical applications of this manuscript provide new insights for the future investigation of AAPs.
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Schmidt RH, Jokinen JD, Massey VL, Falkner KC, Shi X, Yin X, Zhang X, Beier JI, Arteel GE. Olanzapine activates hepatic mammalian target of rapamycin: new mechanistic insight into metabolic dysregulation with atypical antipsychotic drugs. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2013; 347:126-35. [PMID: 23926289 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.113.207621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Olanzapine (OLZ), an effective treatment of schizophrenia and other disorders, causes weight gain and metabolic syndrome. Most studies to date have focused on the potential effects of OLZ on the central nervous system's mediation of weight; however, peripheral changes in liver or other key metabolic organs may also play a role in the systemic effects of OLZ. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of OLZ on hepatic metabolism in a mouse model of OLZ exposure. Female C57Bl/6J mice were administered OLZ (8 mg/kg per day) or vehicle subcutaneously by osmotic minipumps for 28 days. Liver and plasma were taken at sacrifice for biochemical analyses and for comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry metabolomics analysis. OLZ increased body weight, fat pad mass, and liver-to-body weight ratio without commensurate increase in food consumption, indicating that OLZ altered energy expenditure. Expression and biochemical analyses indicated that OLZ induced anaerobic glycolysis and caused a pseudo-fasted state, which depleted hepatic glycogen reserves. OLZ caused similar effects in cultured HepG2 cells, as determined by Seahorse analysis. Metabolomic analysis indicated that OLZ increased hepatic concentrations of amino acids that can alter metabolism via the mTOR pathway; indeed, hepatic mTOR signaling was robustly increased by OLZ. Interestingly, OLZ concomitantly activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling. Taken together, these data suggest that disturbances in glucose and lipid metabolism caused by OLZ in liver may be mediated, at least in part, via simultaneous activation of both catabolic (AMPK) and anabolic (mammalian target of rapamycin) pathways, which yields new insight into the metabolic side effects of this drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin H Schmidt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (R.H.S., J.D.J., V.L.M., J.I.B., G.E.A.), and Department of Medicine (K.C.F.), Health Sciences Center, and Department of Chemistry (X.S., X.Y., X.Z.), University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
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Choi YJ, Sim WC, Choi HK, Lee SH, Lee BH. α-Terpineol induces fatty liver in mice mediated by the AMP-activated kinase and sterol response element binding protein pathway. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 55:129-36. [PMID: 23274539 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Revised: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The use of herbal medicines in disease prevention and treatment is growing rapidly worldwide, without careful consideration of safety issues. α-Terpineol is a monoterpene alcoholic component of Melaleuca alternifolia, Salvia officinalis and Carthamus tinctorius that is used widely as a flavor and essential oil in food. The present study showed that α-terpineol induces fatty liver via the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-mTOR-sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) pathway. α-Terpineol-treated hepatocytes had significantly increased neutral lipid accumulation. α-Terpineol suppressed AMPK phosphorylation, and increased p70S6 kinase (p70S6K) phosphorylation and SREBP-1 activation. It also increased luciferase activity in cells transfected with LXRE-tk-Luc and SRE-tk-Luc. Inhibition of mTOR signaling by co-treatment with rapamycin or co-transfection with dominant negative p70S6K blocked completely the effects of α-terpineol. α-Terpineol oral administration to mice for 2weeks led to decreased AMPK phosphorylation and increased SREBP-1 activation in the liver, followed by hepatic lipid accumulation. Conversely, rapamycin co-treatment reversed α-terpineol-induced SREBP-1 activation and fatty liver in mice. These data provide evidence that α-terpineol causes fatty liver, an effect mediated by the AMPK/mTOR/SREBP-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Jin Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
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Current world literature. Lipid metabolism. Curr Opin Lipidol 2012; 23:248-254. [PMID: 22576583 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0b013e3283543033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Cai Z, Yan LJ, Li K, Quazi SH, Zhao B. Roles of AMP-activated protein kinase in Alzheimer's disease. Neuromolecular Med 2012; 14:1-14. [PMID: 22367557 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-012-8173-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2011] [Accepted: 02/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a master regulator of cellular energy homeostasis and a central player in glucose and lipid metabolism, is potentially implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). AMPK activity decreases in AD brain, indicating decreased mitochondrial biogenesis and function. Emerging evidence demonstrates that AMPK activation is a potential target for improving perturbed brain energy metabolism that is involved in the pathogenesis of AD. The roles of AMPK in the pathogenesis of AD include β-amyloid protein (Aβ) generation and tau phosphorylation. In particular, AMPK may regulate Aβ generation through modulating neuronal cholesterol and sphingomyelin levels and through regulating APP distribution in the lipid rafts. AMPK is activated by phosphorylation of Thr-172 by LKB1 complex in response to increase in the AMP/ATP ratio and by calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase-beta in response to elevated Ca(2+) levels, which contributes to regulating Aβ generation. AMPK is a physiological tau kinase and can increase the phosphorylation of tau at Ser-262. AMPK can also directly phosphorylate tau at Thr-231 and Ser-396/404. Furthermore, AMPK activation decreases mTOR signaling activity to facilitate autophagy and promotes lysosomal degradation of Aβ. However, AMPK activation has non-neuroprotective property and may lead to detrimental outcomes, including Aβ generation and tau phosphorylation. Therefore, it is still unclear whether AMPK could serve a potential therapeutic target for AD, and hence, further studies will be needed to clarify the role of AMPK in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyou Cai
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, District of Xiashan, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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De Hert M, Detraux J, van Winkel R, Yu W, Correll CU. Metabolic and cardiovascular adverse effects associated with antipsychotic drugs. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2011; 8:114-26. [PMID: 22009159 DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2011.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 702] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Antipsychotic medications can induce cardiovascular and metabolic abnormalities (such as obesity, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and the metabolic syndrome) that are associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. Controversy remains about the contribution of individual antipsychotic drugs to this increased risk and whether they cause sudden cardiac death through prolongation of the corrected QT interval. Although some drug receptor-binding affinities correlate with specific cardiovascular and metabolic abnormalities, the exact pharmacological mechanisms underlying these associations remain unclear. Antipsychotic agents with prominent metabolic adverse effects might cause abnormalities in glucose and lipid metabolism via both obesity-related and obesity-unrelated molecular mechanisms. Despite existing guidelines and recommendations, many antipsychotic-drug-treated patients are not assessed for even the most easily measurable metabolic and cardiac risk factors, such as obesity and blood pressure. Subsequently, concerns have been raised over the use of these medications, especially pronounced in vulnerable pediatric patients, among whom their use has increased markedly in the past decade and seems to have especially orexigenic effects. This Review outlines the metabolic and cardiovascular risks of various antipsychotic medications in adults and children, defines the disparities in health care and finally makes recommendations for screening and monitoring of patients taking these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc De Hert
- University Psychiatric Center, Catholic University Leuven, Leuvensesteenweg 517, 3070 Kortenberg, Belgium. marc.de.hert@ uc-kortenberg.be
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Teff KL, Kim SF. Atypical antipsychotics and the neural regulation of food intake and peripheral metabolism. Physiol Behav 2011; 104:590-8. [PMID: 21664918 PMCID: PMC3139777 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2011] [Revised: 05/26/2011] [Accepted: 05/31/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The atypical antipsychotics (AAPs) are associated with weight gain and an increased incidence of metabolic disease including type 2 diabetes mellitus. Epidemiological, cross-sectional and prospective studies suggest that two of the AAPs, olanzapine and clozapine, cause the most dramatic weight gain and metabolic impairments including increased fasting glucose, insulin and triglycerides. Relative to the other AAPs, both olanzapine and clozapine exhibit a particularly high antagonistic affinity for histamine and muscarinic receptors which have been hypothesized as mediators of the reported increase in weight and glucose abnormalities. In this article, we review the current evidence for the AAP associated weight gain and abnormal glucose metabolism. We postulate that the effects of the AAPs on food intake and peripheral metabolism are initially independently regulated but with increasing body adiposity, the early AAP-induced impairments in peripheral metabolism will be exacerbated, thereby establishing a vicious cycle such that the effects of the AAP are magnified by the known pathophysiological consequences of obesity. Furthermore, we examine how inhibition of the histaminergic pathway may mediate increases in food intake and the potential role of the vagus nerve in the reported peripheral metabolic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen L Teff
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, 3500 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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