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Wang L, Meng FJ, Jin YH, Wu LQ, Tang RY, Xu KH, Guo Y, Mao JJ, Ding JP, Li J. Effects of probiotic supplementation on 12 min run performance, mood management, body composition and gut microbiota in amateur marathon runners: A double-blind controlled trial. J Exerc Sci Fit 2024; 22:297-304. [PMID: 38706951 PMCID: PMC11066675 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2024.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Probiotic supplementation has a positive effect on endurance exercise performance and body composition in athletes, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Gut microbiota can provide measurable markers of immune function in athletes, and microbial composition analysis may be sensitive enough to detect stress and metabolic disorders caused by exercise. Methods Nineteen healthy active amateur marathon runners (15 male and 4 female) with a mean age of 29.11 years volunteered to participate in this double-blind controlled study. Based on the performance of the Cooper 12-min running test (CRT), the participants were allocated into two groups to receive either a probiotic formulation comprising lactobacillus acidophilus and bifidobacterium longum (n = 10) or placebo containing maltodextrin (n = 9) for five weeks. Consistency of diet and exercise was ensured throughout the experimental period. Before and after the intervention, all participants were assessed for CRT, emotional stability and gastrointestinal symptoms, gut microbiota composition, body composition and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) indicators of skeletal muscle microcirculation. Results Compared to before the intervention, the probiotics group showed an increase in CRT score (2.88 ± 0.57 vs 3.01 ± 0.60 km, P<0.05), significant improvement in GSRS and GIQLI (9.20 ± 4.64 vs 7.40 ± 3.24, 118.90 ± 12.30 vs 127.50 ± 9.85, P<0.05), while these indicators remained unchanged in the control group, with a significant time-group interaction effect on gastrointestinal symptoms. Additionally, some MRI metabolic cycling indicators of the thigh skeletal muscle also changed in the probiotics group (P<0.05). Regarding microbiota abundance, the probiotics group exhibited a significant increase in the abundance of beneficial bacteria and a significant decrease in the abundance of harmful bacteria post-intervention (P<0.05). Conclusion As a sports nutritional supplement, probiotics have the potential to improve athletic performance by optimizing the balance of gut microbiota, alleviating gastrointestinal symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Women's Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University, China
| | - Fan-Jing Meng
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Han Jin
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li-Qiang Wu
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruo-Yu Tang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kuang-Hui Xu
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yun Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun-Jie Mao
- School of Physical Education, Hangzhou Normal University, China
| | - Jian-Ping Ding
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Hangzhou Institute of Sports Medicine for Marathon, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Hangzhou Institute of Sports Medicine for Marathon, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, China
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Simonson M, Cueff G, Thibaut MM, Giraudet C, Salles J, Chambon C, Boirie Y, Bindels LB, Gueugneau M, Guillet C. Skeletal Muscle Proteome Modifications following Antibiotic-Induced Microbial Disturbances in Cancer Cachexia. J Proteome Res 2024; 23:2452-2473. [PMID: 38965921 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.4c00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is an involuntary loss of body weight, mostly of skeletal muscle. Previous research favors the existence of a microbiota-muscle crosstalk, so the aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of microbiota alterations induced by antibiotics on skeletal muscle proteins expression. Skeletal muscle proteome changes were investigated in control (CT) or C26 cachectic mice (C26) with or without antibiotic treatment (CT-ATB or C26-ATB, n = 8 per group). Muscle protein extracts were divided into a sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar fraction and then underwent label-free liquid chromatography separation, mass spectrometry analysis, Mascot protein identification, and METASCAPE platform data analysis. In C26 mice, the atrogen mafbx expression was 353% higher than CT mice and 42.3% higher than C26-ATB mice. No effect on the muscle protein synthesis was observed. Proteomic analyses revealed a strong effect of antibiotics on skeletal muscle proteome outside of cachexia, with adaptative processes involved in protein folding, growth, energy metabolism, and muscle contraction. In C26-ATB mice, proteome adaptations observed in CT-ATB mice were blunted. Differentially expressed proteins were involved in other processes like glucose metabolism, oxidative stress response, and proteolysis. This study confirms the existence of a microbiota-muscle axis, with a muscle response after antibiotics that varies depending on whether cachexia is present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Simonson
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, Université Clermont Auvergne, 28 place Henri-Dunant, BP 38, cedex 1, Clermont-Ferrand 63001, France
| | - Gwendal Cueff
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, Université Clermont Auvergne, 28 place Henri-Dunant, BP 38, cedex 1, Clermont-Ferrand 63001, France
| | - Morgane M Thibaut
- MNUT Research group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, LDRI, Avenue Mounier 73/B1.73.11, Brussels 1200, Belgium
| | - Christophe Giraudet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, Université Clermont Auvergne, 28 place Henri-Dunant, BP 38, cedex 1, Clermont-Ferrand 63001, France
| | - Jérôme Salles
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, Université Clermont Auvergne, 28 place Henri-Dunant, BP 38, cedex 1, Clermont-Ferrand 63001, France
| | - Christophe Chambon
- Animal Products Quality Unit (QuaPA), INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand 63122, France
- Metabolomic and Proteomic Exploration Facility, Clermont Auvergne University, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand 63122, France
| | - Yves Boirie
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, Université Clermont Auvergne, 28 place Henri-Dunant, BP 38, cedex 1, Clermont-Ferrand 63001, France
- CHU Clermont-Ferrandservice de Nutrition clinique, Université Clermont Auvergne, Service de nutrition clinique, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand. 58, rue Montalember, Cedex 1, Clermont-Ferrand 63003, France
| | - Laure B Bindels
- MNUT Research group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, LDRI, Avenue Mounier 73/B1.73.11, Brussels 1200, Belgium
- Welbio Department, WEL Research Institute, avenue Pasteur, 6, Wavre 1300, Belgium
| | - Marine Gueugneau
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, Université Clermont Auvergne, 28 place Henri-Dunant, BP 38, cedex 1, Clermont-Ferrand 63001, France
| | - Christelle Guillet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, Université Clermont Auvergne, 28 place Henri-Dunant, BP 38, cedex 1, Clermont-Ferrand 63001, France
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Rolland Y, Ticinesi A, Sokol H, Barreto PDS. Therapeutic perspectives of pre-, pro-, post-biotics in the treatment of sarcopenia. J Nutr Health Aging 2024; 28:100298. [PMID: 38908130 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Yves Rolland
- IHU HealthAge, Institute on Aging, Gerontopole of Toulouse, Toulouse University Hospital (CHU Toulouse), Toulouse, France; CERPOP UMR 1295, Inserm, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.
| | - Andrea Ticinesi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Department of Continuity of Care and Multicomplexity, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Harry Sokol
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, AP-HP, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Gastroenterology Department, 75012 Paris, France; Paris Center for Microbiome Medicine (PaCeMM) FHU, Paris, France; Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Philipe De Souto Barreto
- IHU HealthAge, Institute on Aging, Gerontopole of Toulouse, Toulouse University Hospital (CHU Toulouse), Toulouse, France; CERPOP UMR 1295, Inserm, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
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Roussin L, Gry E, Macaron M, Ribes S, Monnoye M, Douard V, Naudon L, Rabot S. Microbiota influence on behavior: Integrative analysis of serotonin metabolism and behavioral profile in germ-free mice. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23648. [PMID: 38822661 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202400334r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Previous studies on germ-free (GF) animals have described altered anxiety-like and social behaviors together with dysregulations in brain serotonin (5-HT) metabolism. Alterations in circulating 5-HT levels and gut 5-HT metabolism have also been reported in GF mice. In this study, we conducted an integrative analysis of various behaviors as well as markers of 5-HT metabolism in the brain and along the GI tract of GF male mice compared with conventional (CV) ones. We found a strong decrease in locomotor activity, accompanied by some signs of increased anxiety-like behavior in GF mice compared with CV mice. Brain gene expression analysis showed no differences in HTR1A and TPH2 genes. In the gut, we found decreased TPH1 expression in the colon of GF mice, while it was increased in the cecum. HTR1A expression was dramatically decreased in the colon, while HTR4 expression was increased both in the cecum and colon of GF mice compared with CV mice. Finally, SLC6A4 expression was increased in the ileum and colon of GF mice compared with CV mice. Our results add to the evidence that the microbiota is involved in regulation of behavior, although heterogeneity among studies suggests a strong impact of genetic and environmental factors on this microbiota-mediated regulation. While no impact of GF status on brain 5-HT was observed, substantial differences in gut 5-HT metabolism were noted, with tissue-dependent results indicating a varying role of microbiota along the GI tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Roussin
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Elisa Gry
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Mira Macaron
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Sandy Ribes
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Magali Monnoye
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Véronique Douard
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Laurent Naudon
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Sylvie Rabot
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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Hazra R, Chattopadhyay S, Mallick A, Gayen S, Roy S. Revealing the therapeutic properties of gut microbiota: transforming cancer immunotherapy from basic to clinical approaches. Med Oncol 2024; 41:175. [PMID: 38874788 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-024-02416-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
The immune system plays a pivotal role in the battle against cancer, serving as a formidable guardian in the ongoing fight against malignant cells. To combat these malignant cells, immunotherapy has emerged as a prevalent approach leveraging antibodies and peptides such as anti-PD-1, anti-PD-L1, and anti-CTLA-4 to inhibit immune checkpoints and activate T lymphocytes. The optimization of gut microbiota plays a significant role in modulating the defense system in the body. This study explores the potential of certain gut-resident bacteria to amplify the impact of immunotherapy. Contemporary antibiotic treatments, which can impair gut flora, may diminish the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockers. Conversely, probiotics or fecal microbiota transplantation can help re-establish intestinal microflora equilibrium. Additionally, the gut microbiome has been implicated in various strategies to counteract immune resistance, thereby enhancing the success of cancer immunotherapy. This paper also acknowledges cutting-edge technologies such as nanotechnology, CAR-T therapy, ACT therapy, and oncolytic viruses in modulating gut microbiota. Thus, an exhaustive review of literature was performed to uncover the elusive link that could potentiate the gut microbiome's role in augmenting the success of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudradeep Hazra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kolkata-Group of Institutions, NSHM Knowledge Campus, 124, B. L. Saha Road, Tara Park, Behala, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700053, India
| | - Soumyadeep Chattopadhyay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kolkata-Group of Institutions, NSHM Knowledge Campus, 124, B. L. Saha Road, Tara Park, Behala, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700053, India
| | - Arijit Mallick
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kolkata-Group of Institutions, NSHM Knowledge Campus, 124, B. L. Saha Road, Tara Park, Behala, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700053, India
| | - Sakuntala Gayen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kolkata-Group of Institutions, NSHM Knowledge Campus, 124, B. L. Saha Road, Tara Park, Behala, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700053, India
| | - Souvik Roy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kolkata-Group of Institutions, NSHM Knowledge Campus, 124, B. L. Saha Road, Tara Park, Behala, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700053, India.
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6
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Álvarez-Herms J, Odriozola A. Microbiome and physical activity. ADVANCES IN GENETICS 2024; 111:409-450. [PMID: 38908903 DOI: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Regular physical activity promotes health benefits and contributes to develop the individual biological potential. Chronical physical activity performed at moderate and high-intensity is the intensity more favorable to produce health development in athletes and improve the gut microbiota balance. The athletic microbiome is characterized by increased microbial diversity and abundance as well as greater phenotypic versatility. In addition, physical activity and microbiota composition have bidirectional effects, with regular physical activity improving microbial composition and microbial composition enhancing physical performance. The improvement of physical performance by a healthy microbiota is related to different phenotypes: i) efficient metabolic development, ii) improved regulation of intestinal permeability, iii) favourable modulation of local and systemic inflammatory and efficient immune responses, iv) efective regulation of systemic pH and, v) protection against acute stressful events such as environmental exposure to altitude or heat. The type of sport, both intensity or volume characteristics promote microbiota specialisation. Individual assessment of the state of the gut microbiota can be an effective biomarker for monitoring health in the medium to long term. The relationship between the microbiota and the rest of the body is bidirectional and symbiotic, with a full connection between the systemic functions of the nervous, musculoskeletal, endocrine, metabolic, acid-base and immune systems. In addition, circadian rhythms, including regular physical activity, directly influence the adaptive response of the microbiota. In conclusion, regular stimuli of moderate- and high-intensity physical activity promote greater diversity, abundance, resilience and versatility of the gut microbiota. This effect is highly beneficial for human health when healthy lifestyle habits including nutrition, hydration, rest, chronoregulation and physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Álvarez-Herms
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain; Phymo® Lab, Physiology and Molecular Laboratory, Collado Hermoso, Segovia, Spain.
| | - Adrián Odriozola
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
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Kobayashi S, Morino K, Okamoto T, Tanaka M, Ida S, Ohashi N, Murata K, Yanagimachi T, Sakai J, Maegawa H, Fujita Y, Kume S. Acetate derived from the intestinal tract has a critical role in maintaining skeletal muscle mass and strength in mice. Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e16047. [PMID: 38837588 PMCID: PMC11150057 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.16047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Acetate is a short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) that is produced by microbiota in the intestinal tract. It is an important nutrient for the intestinal epithelium, but also has a high plasma concentration and is used in the various tissues. Acetate is involved in endurance exercise, but its role in resistance exercise remains unclear. To investigate this, mice were administered either multiple antibiotics with and without oral acetate supplementation or fed a low-fiber diet. Antibiotic treatment for 2 weeks significantly reduced grip strength and the cross-sectional area (CSA) of muscle fiber compared with the control group. Intestinal concentrations of SCFAs were reduced in the antibiotic-treated group. Oral administration of acetate with antibiotics prevented antibiotic-induced weakness of skeletal muscle and reduced CSA of muscle fiber. Similarly, a low-fiber diet for 1 year significantly reduced the CSA of muscle fiber and fecal and plasma acetate concentrations. To investigate the role of acetate as an energy source, acetyl-CoA synthase 2 knockout mice were used. These mice had a shorter lifespan, reduced skeletal muscle mass and smaller CSA of muscle fiber than their wild type littermates. In conclusion, acetate derived from the intestinal microbiome can contribute to maintaining skeletal muscle performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saki Kobayashi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of MedicineShiga University of Medical ScienceOtsuJapan
| | - Katsutaro Morino
- Institutional Research Office, Shiga University of Medical ScienceOtsuJapan
- Present address:
Department of Diabetes and Endocrine MedicineKagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesKagoshima‐cityJapan
| | - Takuya Okamoto
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of MedicineShiga University of Medical ScienceOtsuJapan
| | - Mitsumi Tanaka
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of MedicineShiga University of Medical ScienceOtsuJapan
- CMIC Pharma ScienceNishiwakiJapan
| | - Shogo Ida
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of MedicineShiga University of Medical ScienceOtsuJapan
| | - Natsuko Ohashi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of MedicineShiga University of Medical ScienceOtsuJapan
| | - Koichiro Murata
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of MedicineShiga University of Medical ScienceOtsuJapan
| | - Tsuyoshi Yanagimachi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of MedicineShiga University of Medical ScienceOtsuJapan
- Present address:
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of MedicineHirosaki UniversityHirosaki‐sityJapan
| | - Juro Sakai
- Division of Molecular Physiology and MetabolismTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
- Division of Metabolic Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and TechnologyThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Hiroshi Maegawa
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of MedicineShiga University of Medical ScienceOtsuJapan
- Present address:
Yasu City HospitalYasu‐cityJapan
| | - Yukihiro Fujita
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of MedicineShiga University of Medical ScienceOtsuJapan
- Present address:
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of MedicineHirosaki UniversityHirosaki‐sityJapan
| | - Shinji Kume
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of MedicineShiga University of Medical ScienceOtsuJapan
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Li Y, Chen X, He J, Zheng P, Luo Y, Yu B, Chen D, Huang Z. Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract promotes skeletal muscle fiber type transformation through modulation of cecal microbiota and enhanced butyric acid production. J Food Sci 2024; 89:3788-3801. [PMID: 38638069 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.17075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
The conversion of fast-twitch fibers into slow-twitch fibers within skeletal muscle plays a crucial role in improving physical stamina and safeguarding against metabolic disorders in individuals. Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) possesses numerous pharmacological and health advantages, effectively inhibiting the onset of chronic illnesses. However, there is a lack of research on the specific mechanisms by which GSPE influences muscle physiology and gut microbiota. This study aims to investigate the role of gut microbiota and their metabolites in GSPE regulation of skeletal muscle fiber type conversion. In this experiment, 54 male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into three groups: basal diet, basal diet supplemented with GSPE, and basal diet supplemented with GSPE and antibiotics. During the feeding period, glucose tolerance and forced swimming tests were performed. After euthanasia, samples of muscle and feces were collected for analysis. The results showed that GSPE increased the muscle mass and anti-fatigue capacity of the mice, as well as the expression of slow-twitch fibers. However, the beneficial effects of GSPE on skeletal muscle fibers disappeared after adding antibiotics to eliminate intestinal microorganisms, suggesting that GSPE may play a role by regulating intestinal microbial structure. In addition, GSPE increased the relative abundance of Blautia, Muribaculaceae, and Enterorhabdus, as well as butyrate production. Importantly, these gut microbes exhibited a significant positive correlation with the expression of slow-twitch muscle fibers. In conclusion, supplementation with GSPE can increase the levels of slow-twitch fibers by modulating the gut microbiota, consequently prolonging the duration of exercise before exhaustion. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This research suggests that grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) has potential applications in improving physical stamina and preventing metabolic disorders. By influencing the gut microbiota and increasing butyric acid production, GSPE contributes to the conversion of fast-twitch muscle fibers into slow-twitch fibers, thereby enhancing anti-fatigue capacity and exercise endurance. While further studies are needed, incorporating GSPE into dietary supplements or functional foods could support individuals seeking to optimize their exercise performance and overall metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqiang Li
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoling Chen
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Jun He
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Yuheng Luo
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Bing Yu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P. R. China
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Zhang L, Li H, Song Z, Liu Y, Zhang X. Dietary Strategies to Improve Exercise Performance by Modulating the Gut Microbiota. Foods 2024; 13:1680. [PMID: 38890909 PMCID: PMC11171530 DOI: 10.3390/foods13111680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Numerous research studies have shown that moderate physical exercise exerts positive effects on gastrointestinal tract health and increases the variety and relative number of beneficial microorganisms in the intestinal microbiota. Increasingly, studies have shown that the gut microbiota is critical for energy metabolism, immunological response, oxidative stress, skeletal muscle metabolism, and the regulation of the neuroendocrine system, which are significant for the physiological function of exercise. Dietary modulation targeting the gut microbiota is an effective prescription for improving exercise performance and alleviating exercise fatigue. This article discusses the connection between exercise and the makeup of the gut microbiota, as well as the detrimental effects of excessive exercise on gut health. Herein, we elaborate on the possible mechanism of the gut microbiota in improving exercise performance, which involves enhancing skeletal muscle function, reducing oxidative stress, and regulating the neuroendocrine system. The effects of dietary nutrition strategies and probiotic supplementation on exercise from the perspective of the gut microbiota are also discussed in this paper. A deeper understanding of the potential mechanism by which the gut microbiota exerts positive effects on exercise and dietary nutrition recommendations targeting the gut microbiota is significant for improving exercise performance. However, further investigation is required to fully comprehend the intricate mechanisms at work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Physical Education, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China; (L.Z.); (H.L.)
| | - Haoyu Li
- Department of Physical Education, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China; (L.Z.); (H.L.)
| | - Zheyi Song
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (Z.S.)
| | - Yanan Liu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (Z.S.)
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (Z.S.)
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Mostosi D, Molinaro M, Saccone S, Torrente Y, Villa C, Farini A. Exploring the Gut Microbiota-Muscle Axis in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5589. [PMID: 38891777 PMCID: PMC11171690 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in maintaining the dynamic balance of intestinal epithelial and immune cells, crucial for overall organ homeostasis. Dysfunctions in these intricate relationships can lead to inflammation and contribute to the pathogenesis of various diseases. Recent findings uncovered the existence of a gut-muscle axis, revealing how alterations in the gut microbiota can disrupt regulatory mechanisms in muscular and adipose tissues, triggering immune-mediated inflammation. In the context of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), alterations in intestinal permeability stand as a potential origin of molecules that could trigger muscle degeneration via various pathways. Metabolites produced by gut bacteria, or fragments of bacteria themselves, may have the ability to migrate from the gut into the bloodstream and ultimately infiltrate distant muscle tissues, exacerbating localized pathologies. These insights highlight alternative pathological pathways in DMD beyond the musculoskeletal system, paving the way for nutraceutical supplementation as a potential adjuvant therapy. Understanding the complex interplay between the gut microbiota, immune system, and muscular health offers new perspectives for therapeutic interventions beyond conventional approaches to efficiently counteract the multifaceted nature of DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Mostosi
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Dino Ferrari Center, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (D.M.); (Y.T.); (C.V.)
| | - Monica Molinaro
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Sabrina Saccone
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Yvan Torrente
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Dino Ferrari Center, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (D.M.); (Y.T.); (C.V.)
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Chiara Villa
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Dino Ferrari Center, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (D.M.); (Y.T.); (C.V.)
| | - Andrea Farini
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (S.S.)
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11
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Fielding RA, Lustgarten MS. Impact of a Whole-Food, High-Soluble Fiber Diet on the Gut-Muscle Axis in Aged Mice. Nutrients 2024; 16:1323. [PMID: 38732569 PMCID: PMC11085703 DOI: 10.3390/nu16091323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have identified a role for the gut microbiome and its metabolic products, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), in the maintenance of muscle mass and physical function (i.e., the gut-muscle axis), but interventions aimed at positively impacting the gut-muscle axis during aging are sparse. Gut bacteria ferment soluble fiber into SCFAs, and accordingly, to evaluate the impact of a high-soluble-fiber diet (HSFD) on the gut-muscle axis, we fed a whole-food, 3×-higher-soluble fiber-containing diet (relative to standard chow) to aged (98 weeks) C57BL/6J mice for 10 weeks. The HSFD significantly altered gut bacterial community structure and composition, but plasma SCFAs were not different, and a positive impact on muscle-related measures (when normalized to body weight) was not identified. However, when evaluating sex differences between dietary groups, female (but not male) HSFD-fed mice had significant increases for SCFAs, the quadriceps/body weight (BW) ratio, and treadmill work performance (distance run × BW), which suggests that an HSFD can positively impact the gut-muscle axis. In contrast, consistent effects in both male and female HSFD-fed mice included weight and fat loss, which suggests a positive role for an HSFD on the gut-adipose axis in aged mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael S. Lustgarten
- Nutrition, Exercise Physiology, and Sarcopenia Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging (HNRCA), Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA;
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12
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Coudert E, Baeza E, Zemb O, Bousleh A, Cauquil L, Farizon Y, Hondelatte A, Germain K, Boulmane R, Nyvall-Collen P, Berri C. Effect of dietary supplementation with algae extracts on growth performance and caecal microbiota of broiler chickens. Br Poult Sci 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38578279 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2024.2328676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
1. The objective of this study was to test the dose response of dietary supplementation with algae extracts rich in marine-sulphated polysaccharides (MSP1 and MSP2) on the growing performance, body composition at slaughter and caecal microbiota of broiler chickens.2. Male broiler Ross 308 chicks 1-d-old were distributed into eight groups, a control group (unsupplemented), four groups supplemented with increasing doses of algae extract MSP1 (40, 81, 121 and 162 g/ton feed) and three groups supplemented with increasing doses of algae extract MSP2 (40, 81 and 162 g/ton feed). Each group comprised six pens of 56 chickens.3. All chickens were reared under challenging conditions, i.e. high rearing density of 42 kg/m2, fed growing and finishing diets containing, palm oil, rye and high levels of wheat and subjected to short daily fasting periods. The growth performance was recorded during rearing. At 10, 22 and 31 d of age, 12 chickens per group were euthanised to collect the caecal contents and determine microbiota composition and short-chain fatty acid levels. At d 35, the quality of litter and the condition of feathers, footpads and tarsals were scored. At d 36, 7 chickens per pen were slaughtered under commercial conditions to determine carcass composition and breast meat quality (ultimate pH and colour).4. Algal extract MSP1 increased the weight of the caeca and butyrate concentration in the caeca at d 22 (p ≤ 0.05). It increased the ultimate pH of breast fillet measured after slaughter at d 36 (p ≤ 0.05). Moreover, the group receiving 162 g/t MSP1 had a more diverse microbiota at d22. However, algal extract MSP2 had negligible effect on the different measured parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Coudert
- INRAE, Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - E Baeza
- INRAE, Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - O Zemb
- INRAE, Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | | | | | - Y Farizon
- INRAE, Auzeville-Tolosane, France
- ENVT, Service d'alimentation, Toulouse Cedex, France
| | | | - K Germain
- INRAE, UE EASM, Le Magneraud, Surgères, France
| | - R Boulmane
- OLMIX, ZA du Haut du Bois, Bréhan, France
| | | | - C Berri
- INRAE, Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France
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13
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Chen S, Huang L, Liu B, Duan H, Li Z, Liu Y, Li H, Fu X, Lin J, Xu Y, Liu L, Wan D, Yin Y, Xie L. Dynamic changes in butyrate levels regulate satellite cell homeostasis by preventing spontaneous activation during aging. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2024; 67:745-764. [PMID: 38157106 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-023-2400-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in systemic metabolic processes and in particular functions, such as developing and preserving the skeletal muscle system. However, the interplay between gut microbiota/metabolites and the regulation of satellite cell (SC) homeostasis, particularly during aging, remains elusive. We propose that gut microbiota and its metabolites modulate SC physiology and homeostasis throughout skeletal muscle development, regeneration, and aging process. Our investigation reveals that microbial dysbiosis manipulated by either antibiotic treatment or fecal microbiota transplantation from aged to adult mice, leads to the activation of SCs or a significant reduction in the total number. Furthermore, employing multi-omics (e.g., RNA-seq, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and metabolomics) and bioinformatic analysis, we demonstrate that the reduced butyrate levels, alongside the gut microbial dysbiosis, could be the primary factor contributing to the reduction in the number of SCs and subsequent impairments during skeletal muscle aging. Meanwhile, butyrate supplementation can mitigate the antibiotics-induced SC activation irrespective of gut microbiota, potentially by inhibiting the proliferation and differentiation of SCs/myoblasts. The butyrate effect is likely facilitated through the monocarboxylate transporter 1 (Mct1), a lactate transporter enriched on membranes of SCs and myoblasts. As a result, butyrate could serve as an alternative strategy to enhance SC homeostasis and function during skeletal muscle aging. Our findings shed light on the potential application of microbial metabolites in maintaining SC homeostasis and preventing skeletal muscle aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujie Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Liujing Huang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Bingdong Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Huimin Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Ze Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Yifan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
- Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 524023, China
| | - Hu Li
- Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, China
| | - Xiang Fu
- Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, China
| | - Jingchao Lin
- Metabo-Profile Biotechnology (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., Shanghai, 201315, China
| | - Yinlan Xu
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Dan Wan
- Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 524023, China.
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China.
| | - Yulong Yin
- Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 524023, China.
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China.
| | - Liwei Xie
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China.
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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14
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Handajani YS, Turana Y, Hengky A, Hamid G, Schroeder-Butterfill E, Kristian K. Probiotics supplementation or probiotic-fortified products on sarcopenic indices in older adults: systematic review and meta-analysis from recent randomized controlled trials. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2024; 5:1307762. [PMID: 38370462 PMCID: PMC10873954 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2024.1307762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Introduction: A noteworthy correlation was seen between changes in the gut microbiome and sarcopenia in older adults. Along with increasing research on probiotic supplementation for various medical problems, we aimed to obtain evidence and summarize the effect of probiotic supplementation on sarcopenic indices among older adults. Methods: We utilized PubMed, EBSCO, and Proquest, in addition to manual search using synonyms and variation for 'probiotic,' 'sarcopenia,' and 'older adults.' Randomized controlled trials investigated the utilization of probiotics or probiotic-containing products in older adults with sarcopenic indices including muscle mass and strength. The random-effects model was applied to the meta-analysis process. Results: Seven studies were obtained with 733 pooled older adults. Probiotic supplementation resulted in a significant increase of muscle mass with adjusted SMD (Standardized Mean Difference) of 0.962 (95% CI: 0.288 to 1.635, p = 0.049) using till and trim analysis and muscle strength with SMD of 1.037 (95% CI: 0.077 to 1.996, p = 0.03). However, both outcomes were associated with significantly high heterogeneity (I2 = 89.5% and I2 = 89.9%, respectively). Conclusion: When opposed to a placebo, the probiotic treatment improved the amount of muscle and its endurance based on recent evidence, however, further studies should be done with larger samples and targeted populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Suzy Handajani
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Yuda Turana
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Antoninus Hengky
- Center of Health Research, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Fatima General Hospital, Ketapang Regency, West Kalimantan, Ketapang, Indonesia
| | - Gabriella Hamid
- Center of Health Research, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Leona Kefamenanu General Hospital, North Central Timor, Indonesia
| | | | - Kevin Kristian
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
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15
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Álvarez-Herms J, González-Benito A, Corbi F, Odriozola A. What if gastrointestinal complications in endurance athletes were gut injuries in response to a high consumption of ultra-processed foods? Please take care of your bugs if you want to improve endurance performance: a narrative review. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024; 124:383-402. [PMID: 37839038 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05331-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
To improve performance and recovery faster, athletes are advised to eat more often than usual and consume higher doses of simple carbohydrates, during and after exercise. Sports energetic supplements contain food additives, such as artificial sweeteners, emulsifiers, acidity regulators, preservatives, and salts, which could be harmful to the gut microbiota and impair the intestinal barrier function. The intestinal barrier plays a critical function in bidirectionally regulation of the selective transfer of nutrients, water, and electrolytes, while preventing at the same time, the entrance of harmful substances (selective permeability). The gut microbiota helps to the host to regulate intestinal homeostasis through metabolic, protective, and immune functions. Globally, the gut health is essential to maintain systemic homeostasis in athletes, and to ensure proper digestion, metabolization, and substrate absorption. Gastrointestinal complaints are an important cause of underperformance and dropout during endurance events. These complications are directly related to the loss of gut equilibrium, mainly linked to microbiota dysbiosis and leaky gut. In summary, athletes must be cautious with the elevated intake of ultra-processed foods and specifically those contained on sports nutrition supplements. This review points out the specific nutritional interventions that should be implemented and/or discontinued depending on individual gut functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Álvarez-Herms
- Phymolab (Physiology and Molecular Laboratory), Collado Hermoso, Segovia, Spain.
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain.
| | - A González-Benito
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain
| | - F Corbi
- Institut Nacional d'Educació Física de Catalunya (INEFC), University of Lleida (UdL), Lleida, Spain
| | - A Odriozola
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain
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16
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Xiong L, Yao X, Pei J, Wang X, Guo S, Cao M, Bao P, Wang H, Yan P, Guo X. Do microbial-gut-muscle mediated by SCFAs, microbial-gut-brain axis mediated by insulin simultaneously regulate yak IMF deposition? Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 257:128632. [PMID: 38061511 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Ruminant rumen plays an important role in the digestibility of cellulose, hemicellulose, starch and fat. In this study, the yaks under graze and stall feeding were chosen as the models of different rumen bacteria and intramuscular fat (IMF). The characteristics of IMF deposition, serum indexes in yaks were detected; the bacteria, metabolites in rumen was explored by 16S rRNA sequencing technology, untargeted metabolomics based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer and gas chromatography, respectively; the transcriptome of longissimus thoracis was identified by RNA-Sequencing analysis. Based on above results, a hypothesis that yak IMF deposition is regulated by the combined action of microbiome-gut-brain and muscle axis was proposed. The short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and neurotransmitters precursors like acetylcholine produced in yak rumen promoted insulin secretion via central nervous system. These insulin resulted in the high expression of SREBF1 gene by gut-brain axis; SCFAs can directly arrive to muscular tissue via blood circulation system, then activated the expression of PPARγ gene by gut-muscle axis. The expression of lipogenesis gene SCD, FABP3, CPT1, FASN and ACC2 was accordingly up-regulated. This study firstly introduce the theory of microbiome-gut-brain/muscle axis into the study of ruminant, and comprehensively expounded the regulatory mechanism of yak IMF deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xiong
- Animal Science Department, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; Key Laboratory for Yak Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction Engineering of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xixi Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Jie Pei
- Animal Science Department, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; Key Laboratory for Yak Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction Engineering of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xingdong Wang
- Animal Science Department, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; Key Laboratory for Yak Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction Engineering of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shaoke Guo
- Animal Science Department, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; Key Laboratory for Yak Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction Engineering of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mengli Cao
- Animal Science Department, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; Key Laboratory for Yak Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction Engineering of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Pengjia Bao
- Animal Science Department, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; Key Laboratory for Yak Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction Engineering of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ping Yan
- Animal Science Department, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; Key Laboratory for Yak Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction Engineering of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xian Guo
- Animal Science Department, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; Key Laboratory for Yak Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction Engineering of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China.
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17
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Jollet M, Mariadassou M, Rué O, Pessemesse L, Ollendorff V, Ramdani S, Vernus B, Bonnieu A, Bertrand-Gaday C, Goustard B, Koechlin-Ramonatxo C. Insight into the Role of Gut Microbiota in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: An Age-Related Study in Mdx Mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2024; 194:264-279. [PMID: 37981219 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Dystrophin deficiency alters the sarcolemma structure, leading to muscle dystrophy, muscle disuse, and ultimately death. Beyond limb muscle deficits, patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy have numerous transit disorders. Many studies have highlighted the strong relationship between gut microbiota and skeletal muscle. The aims of this study were: i) to characterize the gut microbiota composition over time up to 1 year in dystrophin-deficient mdx mice, and ii) to analyze the intestine structure and function and expression of genes linked to bacterial-derived metabolites in ileum, blood, and skeletal muscles to study interorgan interactions. Mdx mice displayed a significant reduction in the overall number of different operational taxonomic units and their abundance (α-diversity). Mdx genotype predicted 20% of β-diversity divergence, with a large taxonomic modification of Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Tenericutes, and Deferribacteres phyla and the included genera. Interestingly, mdx intestinal motility and gene expressions of tight junction and Ffar2 receptor were down-regulated in the ileum. Concomitantly, circulating inflammatory markers related to gut microbiota (tumor necrosis factor, IL-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1) and muscle inflammation Tlr4/Myd88 pathway (Toll-like receptor 4, which recognizes pathogen-associated molecular patterns) were up-regulated. Finally, in mdx mice, adiponectin was reduced in blood and its receptor modulated in muscles. This study highlights a specific gut microbiota composition and highlights interorgan interactions in mdx physiopathology with gut microbiota as the potential central metabolic organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxence Jollet
- DMEM, Université de Montpellier, INRAE, Montpellier, France.
| | - Mahendra Mariadassou
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, BioinfOmics, MIGALE Bioinformatics Facility, Jouy-en-Josas, France; Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, MaIAGE, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Olivier Rué
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, BioinfOmics, MIGALE Bioinformatics Facility, Jouy-en-Josas, France; Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, MaIAGE, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | | | | | - Barbara Vernus
- DMEM, Université de Montpellier, INRAE, Montpellier, France
| | - Anne Bonnieu
- DMEM, Université de Montpellier, INRAE, Montpellier, France
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18
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Gross K, Santiago M, Krieger JM, Hagele AM, Zielinska K, Scheiman J, Jäger R, Kostic A, Kerksick CM. Impact of probiotic Veillonella atypica FB0054 supplementation on anaerobic capacity and lactate. iScience 2024; 27:108643. [PMID: 38222109 PMCID: PMC10784697 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Seven healthy, physically active men (n = 3) and women (n = 4) (30.7 ± 7.5 years, 172.7 ± 8.7 cm, 70.4 ± 11.6 kg, 23.6 ± 4.1 kg/m2, 49.2 ± 8.4 mL/kg/min) supplemented for 14 days with a placebo (PLA) or 1 × 1010 CFU doses of the probiotic Veillonella atypica FB0054 (FitBiomics, New York, NY). Participants had safety panels, hemodynamics, lactate, and anaerobic capacity assessed. Stool samples were collected to evaluate for metagenomic and metabolomic changes. Exhaustion times were not different between groups, whereas anaerobic capacity tended to shorten with PLA (61.14 ± 72.04 s; 95% CI: -5.49, 127.77 s, p = 0.066) with no change with VA (13.29 ± 100.13 s, 95% CI: -79.32, 105.89 s, p = 0.738). No changes in lactate, hemodynamics, or bacterial community changes were observed, whereas 14 metabolites exhibited differential expression patterns with VA supplementation. In conclusion, VA maintained exercise performance that tended to decline in PLA. Supplementation was well tolerated with no changes in safety markers or reported adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Gross
- Exercise and Performance Nutrition Laboratory, Kinesiology Department, College of Science, Technology, and Health, Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO, USA
| | | | - Joesi M. Krieger
- Exercise and Performance Nutrition Laboratory, Kinesiology Department, College of Science, Technology, and Health, Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO, USA
| | - Anthony M. Hagele
- Exercise and Performance Nutrition Laboratory, Kinesiology Department, College of Science, Technology, and Health, Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO, USA
| | - Kinga Zielinska
- FitBiomics, Inc, New York City, NY, USA
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Alex Kostic
- FitBiomics, Inc, New York City, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Section on Pathophysiology and Molecular Pharmacology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chad M. Kerksick
- Exercise and Performance Nutrition Laboratory, Kinesiology Department, College of Science, Technology, and Health, Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO, USA
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19
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Wen C, Wang Q, Gu S, Jin J, Yang N. Emerging perspectives in the gut-muscle axis: The gut microbiota and its metabolites as important modulators of meat quality. Microb Biotechnol 2024; 17:e14361. [PMID: 37902307 PMCID: PMC10832551 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal breeding has made great genetic progress in increasing carcass weight and meat yield in recent decades. However, these improvements have come at the expense of meat quality. As the demand for meat quantity continues to rise, the meat industry faces the great challenge of maintaining and even increasing product quality. Recent research, including traditional statistical analyses and gut microbiota regulation research, has demonstrated that the gut microbiome exerts a considerable effect on meat quality, which has become increasingly intriguing in farm animals. Microbial metabolites play crucial roles as substrates or signalling factors to distant organs, influencing meat quality either beneficially or detrimentally. Interventions targeting the gut microbiota exhibit excellent potential as natural ways to foster the conversion of myofibres and promote intramuscular fat deposition. Here, we highlight the emerging roles of the gut microbiota in various dimensions of meat quality. We focus particularly on the effects of the gut microbiota and gut-derived molecules on muscle fibre metabolism and intramuscular fat deposition and attempt to summarize the potential underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoliang Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding and Frontier Science Center for Molecular Design BreedingChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural UniversityHainanChina
| | - Qunpu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding and Frontier Science Center for Molecular Design BreedingChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Shuang Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding and Frontier Science Center for Molecular Design BreedingChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jiaming Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding and Frontier Science Center for Molecular Design BreedingChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Ning Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding and Frontier Science Center for Molecular Design BreedingChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural UniversityHainanChina
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20
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Nolte S, Krüger K, Lenz C, Zentgraf K. Optimizing the Gut Microbiota for Individualized Performance Development in Elite Athletes. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1491. [PMID: 38132317 PMCID: PMC10740793 DOI: 10.3390/biology12121491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The human gut microbiota can be compared to a fingerprint due to its uniqueness, hosting trillions of living organisms. Taking a sport-centric perspective, the gut microbiota might represent a physiological system that relates to health aspects as well as individualized performance in athletes. The athletes' physiology has adapted to their exceptional lifestyle over the years, including the diversity and taxonomy of the microbiota. The gut microbiota is influenced by several physiological parameters and requires a highly individual and complex approach to unravel the linkage between performance and the microbial community. This approach has been taken in this review, highlighting the functions that the microbial community performs in sports, naming gut-centered targets, and aiming for both a healthy and sustainable athlete and performance development. With this article, we try to consider whether initiating a microbiota analysis is practicable and could add value in elite sport, and what possibilities it holds when influenced through a variety of interventions. The aim is to support enabling a well-rounded and sustainable athlete and establish a new methodology in elite sport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Nolte
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Science, University of Giessen, 35394 Giessen, Germany; (K.K.); (C.L.)
| | - Karsten Krüger
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Science, University of Giessen, 35394 Giessen, Germany; (K.K.); (C.L.)
| | - Claudia Lenz
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Science, University of Giessen, 35394 Giessen, Germany; (K.K.); (C.L.)
| | - Karen Zentgraf
- Department 5: Psychology & Sports Sciences, Institute for Sports Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60323 Frankfurt am Main, Germany;
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21
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Qiu J, Cheng Y, Deng Y, Ren G, Wang J. Composition of gut microbiota involved in alleviation of dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy by whey protein. NPJ Sci Food 2023; 7:58. [PMID: 37907516 PMCID: PMC10618183 DOI: 10.1038/s41538-023-00235-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy is a condition associated with increased morbidity and mortality. While the concept of the gut-muscle axis has been proposed, the role of gut microbiota in dexamethasone (DEX)-induced skeletal muscle atrophy remains largely unknown, limiting its clinical applications. In this study, we found that administration of DEX caused a shift in the gut microbiota of mice, characterized by an increased ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidota and a reduction in alpha diversity. We also identified 480 new operational taxonomic units (OTUs), while 1168 specific OTUs were lost. Our Spearman correlation analysis revealed 28 key taxonomic genera of bacteria that were positively or negatively associated with skeletal muscle strength and weight (r: -0.881 to 0.845, p < 0.05). Moreover, supplementation with whey protein reshaped the gut microbiota structure in DEX-treated mice, making it more similar to that of the control group. Importantly, we further utilized a stepwise regression model to identify two enterotypes capable of predicting skeletal muscle function and weight. Notably, Ileibacterium and Lachnospiraceae_UCG-001 played significant roles in predicting both skeletal muscle function and weight. Our findings suggest that DEX causes shifts in the gut microbiota, which can be reversed by whey protein intervention. The enterotypes identified by our stepwise regression models predict muscle function and weight, underscoring the potential role of gut microbiota in modulating muscle atrophy and emphasizing the therapeutic opportunities of microbiota-altering interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- JinLing Qiu
- Institute of Food and Nutrition Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the Reople's Republic of China, Beijing, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yixing Cheng
- Institute of Food and Nutrition Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the Reople's Republic of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Deng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Guangxu Ren
- Institute of Food and Nutrition Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the Reople's Republic of China, Beijing, China.
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Institute of Food and Nutrition Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the Reople's Republic of China, Beijing, China.
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
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22
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Dong R, Peng K, Shi L, Niu Q, Rafique H, Liu Y, Yuan L, Zou L, Li L, Messia MC, Hu X. Oat bran prevents high-fat-diet induced muscular dysfunction, systemic inflammation and oxidative stress through reconstructing gut microbiome and circulating metabolome. Food Res Int 2023; 172:113127. [PMID: 37689892 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Western-type diet characterized by high fat emerges a promoter of skeletal muscle dysfunctions. Oat bran was typically considered a healthy food of premium quality for its abundant dietary fiber. The present study comprehensively explored the effects of a diet rich in oat bran on skeletal muscle disfunctions in high-fat diet (HFD) fed mice. Dietary-fiber-rich oat bran significantly ameliorated HFD-induced skeletal muscle function abnormalities, as evidenced by a phenotype improvement in mice grip strength and endurance treadmill running distance, accompanied with the regulation of muscle functions related gene expressions, namely Fis1, Cytc, Mhy2 and Mhy4. Oat bran suppressed the production of systemic inflammatory cytokines while promoted superoxide dismutase and glutathione. Furthermore, oat bran significantly impacted gut microbiota composition by promoting short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) producers and certain probiotic genera, along with the enhancement of SCFAs. Oat bran also significantly decreased the circulating levels of inflammation-related metabolites and played roles in MAPK signaling, thereafter influencing skeletal muscle functions. Collectively, benefits from integration of biomedical indicators, microbiomics, and metabolomics demonstrates the benefits of oat bran consumption on prevention of HFD-related muscular dysfunctions via alleviating HFD-induced inflammation, gut dysbiosis, and systemic metabolism, pinpointing a novel mechanism underlying the muscle-promoting property of oat bran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Dong
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China
| | - Kejie Peng
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China
| | - Lin Shi
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China.
| | - Qianwen Niu
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China
| | - Hamad Rafique
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Physical Education School, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China
| | - Li Yuan
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China
| | - Liang Zou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610106, China
| | - Lu Li
- Guilin Seamild Foods Co., Ltd, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Maria Cristina Messia
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Xinzhong Hu
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China.
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23
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Marullo AL, O'Halloran KD. Microbes, metabolites and muscle: Is the gut-muscle axis a plausible therapeutic target in Duchenne muscular dystrophy? Exp Physiol 2023; 108:1132-1143. [PMID: 37269541 PMCID: PMC10988500 DOI: 10.1113/ep091063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the topic of this review? The contribution of gut microbial signalling to skeletal muscle maintenance and development and identification of potential therapeutic targets in progressive muscle degenerative diseases such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy. What advances does it highlight? Gut microbe-derived metabolites are multifaceted signalling molecules key to muscle function, modifying pathways contributing to skeletal muscle wasting, making them a plausible target for adjunctive therapy in muscular dystrophy. ABSTRACT Skeletal muscle is the largest metabolic organ making up ∼50% of body mass. Because skeletal muscle has both metabolic and endocrine properties, it can manipulate the microbial populations within the gut. In return, microbes exert considerable influence on skeletal muscle via numerous signalling pathways. Gut bacteria produce metabolites (i.e., short chain fatty acids, secondary bile acids and neurotransmitter substrates) that act as fuel sources and modulators of inflammation, influencing host muscle development, growth and maintenance. The reciprocal interactions between microbes, metabolites and muscle establish a bidirectional gut-muscle axis. The muscular dystrophies constitute a broad range of disorders with varying disabilities. In the profoundly debilitating monogenic disorder Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), skeletal muscle undergoes a reduction in muscle regenerative capacity leading to progressive muscle wasting, resulting in fibrotic remodelling and adipose infiltration. The loss of respiratory muscle in DMD culminates in respiratory insufficiency and eventually premature death. The pathways contributing to aberrant muscle remodelling are potentially modulated by gut microbial metabolites, thus making them plausible targets for pre- and probiotic supplementation. Prednisone, the gold standard therapy for DMD, drives gut dysbiosis, inducing a pro-inflammatory phenotype and leaky gut barrier contributing to several of the well-known side effects associated with chronic glucocorticoid treatment. Several studies have observed that gut microbial supplementation or transplantation exerts positive effects on muscle, including mitigating the side effects of prednisone. There is growing evidence in support of the potential for an adjunctive microbiota-directed regimen designed to optimise gut-muscle axis signalling, which could alleviate muscle wasting in DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony L. Marullo
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and HealthUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
| | - Ken D. O'Halloran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and HealthUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
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24
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Liang X, Li Y, Cheng L, Wu Y, Wu T, Wen J, Huang D, Liao Z, Tan C, Luo Y, Liu Y. Gut microbiota dysbiosis characterized by abnormal elevation of Lactobacillus in patients with immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1243512. [PMID: 37692165 PMCID: PMC10486907 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1243512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim The gut microbiota plays an important role in human health. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether and how gut microbiota communities are altered in patients with immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM) and provide new ideas to further explore the pathogenesis of IMNM or screen for its clinical therapeutic targets in the future. Methods The gut microbiota collected from 19 IMNM patients and 23 healthy controls (HCs) were examined by using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Alpha and beta-diversity analyses were applied to examine the bacterial diversity and community structure. Welch's t test was performed to identify the significantly abundant taxa of bacteria between the two groups. Spearman correlation analysis was performed to analyze the correlation between gut microbiota and clinical indicators. A receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve was used to reflect the sensitivity and specificity of microbial biomarker prediction of IMNM disease. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Nineteen IMNM patients and 23 HCs were included in the analysis. Among IMNM patients, 94.74% (18/19) of them used glucocorticoids, while 57.89% (11/19) of them used disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), and the disease was accessed by MITAX (18.26 ± 8.62) and MYOACT (20.68 ± 8.65) scores. Participants in the groups were matched for gender and age. The diversity of the gut microbiota of IMNM patients differed and decreased compared to that of HCs (Chao1, Shannon, and Simpson indexes: p < 0.05). In IMNM patients, the relative abundances of Bacteroides, Roseburia, and Coprococcus were decreased, while that of Lactobacillus and Streptococcus were relatively increased. Furthermore, in IMNM patients, Lactobacillus was positively correlated with the levels of anti-signal recognition particle (SRP) antibodies, anti-Ro52 antibodies, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), while Streptococcus was positively correlated with anti-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) antibodies and C-reactive protein (CRP). Roseburia was negatively correlated with myoglobin (MYO), cardiac troponin T (cTnT), ESR, CRP, and the occurrence of interstitial lung disease (ILD). Bacteroides was negatively correlated with ESR and CRP, and Coprococcus was negatively correlated with ESR. Finally, the prediction model was built using the top five differential genera, which was verified using a ROC curve (area under the curve (AUC): 87%, 95% confidence interval: 73%-100%). Conclusion We observed a characteristic compositional change in the gut microbiota with an abnormal elevation of Lactobacillus in IMNM patients, which was accompanied by changes in clinical indicators. This suggests that gut microbiota dysbiosis occurs in IMNM patients and is correlated with systemic autoimmune features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuping Liang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Rare Diseases Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanhong Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Rare Diseases Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Cheng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Rare Diseases Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yinlan Wu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Rare Diseases Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Rare Diseases Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Ji Wen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Rare Diseases Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Deying Huang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Rare Diseases Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Zehui Liao
- Department of Rheumatolopy and Immunolopy, Meishan People’s Hospital, Meishan, Sichuan, China
| | - Chunyu Tan
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Rare Diseases Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yubin Luo
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Rare Diseases Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Rare Diseases Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Chengdu, China
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25
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Álvarez-Herms J, González A, Corbi F, Odriozola I, Odriozola A. Possible relationship between the gut leaky syndrome and musculoskeletal injuries: the important role of gut microbiota as indirect modulator. AIMS Public Health 2023; 10:710-738. [PMID: 37842270 PMCID: PMC10567981 DOI: 10.3934/publichealth.2023049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This article aims to examine the evidence on the relationship between gut microbiota (GM), leaky gut syndrome and musculoskeletal injuries. Musculoskeletal injuries can significantly impair athletic performance, overall health, and quality of life. Emerging evidence suggests that the state of the gut microbiota and the functional intestinal permeability may contribute to injury recovery. Since 2007, a growing field of research has supported the idea that GM exerts an essential role maintaining intestinal homeostasis and organic and systemic health. Leaky gut syndrome is an acquired condition where the intestinal permeability is impaired, and different bacteria and/or toxins enter in the bloodstream, thereby promoting systemic endotoxemia and chronic low-grade inflammation. This systemic condition could indirectly contribute to increased local musculoskeletal inflammation and chronificate injuries and pain, thereby reducing recovery-time and limiting sport performance. Different strategies, including a healthy diet and the intake of pre/probiotics, may contribute to improving and/or restoring gut health, thereby modulating both systemically as local inflammation and pain. Here, we sought to identify critical factors and potential strategies that could positively improve gut microbiota and intestinal health, and reduce the risk of musculoskeletal injuries and its recovery-time and pain. In conclusion, recent evidences indicate that improving gut health has indirect consequences on the musculoskeletal tissue homeostasis and recovery through the direct modulation of systemic inflammation, the immune response and the nociceptive pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Álvarez-Herms
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48080 Leioa, Spain
- Phymo Lab, Physiology, and Molecular laboratory, Spain
| | - Adriana González
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48080 Leioa, Spain
| | - Francisco Corbi
- Institut Nacional d'Educació Física de Catalunya (INEFC), Centre de Lleida, Universitat de Lleida (UdL), Lleida, Spain
| | - Iñaki Odriozola
- Health Department of Basque Government, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Adrian Odriozola
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48080 Leioa, Spain
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26
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Zhou Y, Chu Z, Luo Y, Yang F, Cao F, Luo F, Lin Q. Dietary Polysaccharides Exert Anti-Fatigue Functions via the Gut-Muscle Axis: Advances and Prospectives. Foods 2023; 12:3083. [PMID: 37628082 PMCID: PMC10453516 DOI: 10.3390/foods12163083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to today's fast-paced lifestyle, most people are in a state of sub-health and face "unexplained fatigue", which can seriously affect their health, work efficiency, and quality of life. Fatigue is also a common symptom of several serious diseases such as Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, cancer, etc. However, the contributing mechanisms are not clear, and there are currently no official recommendations for the treatment of fatigue. Some dietary polysaccharides are often used as health care supplements; these have been reported to have specific anti-fatigue effects, with minor side effects and rich pharmacological activities. Dietary polysaccharides can be activated during food processing or during gastrointestinal transit, exerting unique effects. This review aims to comprehensively summarize and evaluate the latest advances in the biological processes of exercise-induced fatigue, to understand dietary polysaccharides and their possible molecular mechanisms in alleviating exercise-induced fatigue, and to systematically elaborate the roles of gut microbiota and the gut-muscle axis in this process. From the perspective of the gut-muscle axis, investigating the relationship between polysaccharides and fatigue will enhance our understanding of fatigue and may lead to a significant breakthrough regarding the molecular mechanism of fatigue. This paper will provide new perspectives for further research into the use of polysaccharides in food science and food nutrition, which could help develop potential anti-fatigue agents and open up novel therapies for sub-health conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center of Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-Oil Deep Process and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, No. 498, Shaoshan Road, Changsha 410004, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.C.); (F.Y.); (F.L.)
| | - Zhongxing Chu
- National Engineering Research Center of Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-Oil Deep Process and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, No. 498, Shaoshan Road, Changsha 410004, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.C.); (F.Y.); (F.L.)
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Xiangya, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China;
| | - Feiyan Yang
- National Engineering Research Center of Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-Oil Deep Process and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, No. 498, Shaoshan Road, Changsha 410004, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.C.); (F.Y.); (F.L.)
| | - Fuliang Cao
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;
| | - Feijun Luo
- National Engineering Research Center of Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-Oil Deep Process and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, No. 498, Shaoshan Road, Changsha 410004, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.C.); (F.Y.); (F.L.)
| | - Qinlu Lin
- National Engineering Research Center of Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-Oil Deep Process and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, No. 498, Shaoshan Road, Changsha 410004, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.C.); (F.Y.); (F.L.)
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27
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Dowden RA, Wisniewski PJ, Longoria CR, Oydanich M, McNulty T, Rodriguez E, Zhang J, Cavallo M, Guers JJ, Vatner DE, Vatner SF, Campbell SC. Microbiota Mediate Enhanced Exercise Capacity Induced by Exercise Training. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2023; 55:1392-1400. [PMID: 36924325 PMCID: PMC10363229 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated the effects of gut microbes, and the mechanisms mediating the enhanced exercise performance induced by exercise training, i.e., skeletal muscle blood flow, and mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative function in male mice. METHODS All mice received a graded exercise test before (PRE) and after exercise training via forced treadmill running at 60% to 70% of maximal running capacity 5 d·wk -1 for 5 wk (POST). To examine the role of the gut microbes, the graded exercise was repeated after 7 d of access to antibiotic (ABX)-treated water, used to eliminate gut microbes. Peripheral blood flow, mitochondrial oxidative capacity, and markers of mitochondrial biogenesis were collected at each time point. RESULTS Exercise training led to increases of 60% ± 13% in maximal running distance and 63% ± 11% work to exhaustion ( P < 0.001). These increases were abolished after ABX ( P < 0.001). Exercise training increased hindlimb blood flow and markers of mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative function, including AMP-activated protein kinase, sirtuin-1, PGC-1α citrate synthase, complex IV, and nitric oxide, all of which were also abolished by ABX treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the concept that gut microbiota mediate enhanced exercise capacity after exercise training and the mechanisms responsible, i.e., hindlimb blood flow, mitochondrial biogenesis, and metabolic profile. Finally, results of this study emphasize the need to fully examine the impact of prescribing ABX to athletes during their training regimens and how this may affect their performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A. Dowden
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
- Rutgers Center for Lipid Research Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
- The Center for Nutrition, Microbiome & Health Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Paul J. Wisniewski
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
- Rutgers Center for Lipid Research Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
- The Center for Nutrition, Microbiome & Health Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Candace R. Longoria
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
- Rutgers Center for Lipid Research Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
- The Center for Nutrition, Microbiome & Health Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Marko Oydanich
- Department of Cell Biology & Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ
| | - Tara McNulty
- Department of Cell Biology & Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ
| | - Esther Rodriguez
- Department of Cell Biology & Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology & Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ
| | - Mark Cavallo
- Department of Cell Biology & Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ
| | - John J. Guers
- Department of Biology, Behavioral Neuroscience and Health Science, Rider University, Lawrenceville, NJ
| | - Dorothy E. Vatner
- Department of Cell Biology & Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ
| | - Stephen F. Vatner
- Department of Cell Biology & Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ
| | - Sara C. Campbell
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
- Rutgers Center for Lipid Research Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
- The Center for Nutrition, Microbiome & Health Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
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Liu S, Zhang L, Li S. Advances in nutritional supplementation for sarcopenia management. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1189522. [PMID: 37492597 PMCID: PMC10365293 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1189522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a syndrome characterized by a decline in muscular mass, strength, and function with advancing age. The risk of falls, fragility, hospitalization, and death is considerably increased in the senior population due to sarcopenia. Although there is no conclusive evidence for drug treatment, resistance training has been unanimously recognized as a first-line treatment for managing sarcopenia, and numerous studies have also pointed to the combination of nutritional supplementation and resistance training as a more effective intervention to improve quality of life for people with sarcopenia. People with both malnutrition and sarcopenia have a higher mortality rate, so identifying people at risk of malnutrition and intervening early is extremely important to avoid sarcopenia and its associated problems. This article provides important information for dietary interventions in sarcopenia by summarizing the discoveries and developments of nutritional supplements such as protein, leucine, β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyric acid, vitamin D, vitamin C, vitamin E, omega-3 fatty acids, creatine, inorganic nitrate, probiotics, minerals, collagen peptides, and polyphenols in the management of sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Liu
- General Practice Ward/International Medical Center Ward, General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- General Practice Ward/International Medical Center Ward, General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shuangqing Li
- General Practice Ward/International Medical Center Ward, General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Multimorbidity Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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29
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Uchida M, Fujie S, Yano H, Iemitsu M. Aerobic exercise training-induced alteration of gut microbiota composition affects endurance capacity. J Physiol 2023; 601:2329-2344. [PMID: 37056044 DOI: 10.1113/jp283995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to clarify whether aerobic exercise training-induced alterations in the gut microbiota affect physiological adaptation with endurance exercise capacity. In study 1, ICR mice were randomly divided into three groups: vehicle intake + sedentary (V+S), vehicle intake + exercise training (V+Ex) and antibiotic intake + exercise training (AB+Ex). In the exercise training groups, treadmill running was performed for 8 weeks. During the exercise training intervention, the antibiotic-intake group freely drank water containing antibiotics. In study 2, ICR mice were randomly divided into three groups: Sham, transplantation of caecum microbiota from sedentary mice (Sed-CMT) and exercise training mice (Ex-CMT). In study 1, the treadmill running time to exhaustion, an index of maximal aerobic capacity, after aerobic exercise training in the V+Ex group was significantly longer than that in the V+S and AB+Ex groups. Gastrocnemius muscle citrate synthase (CS) activity and PGC-1α protein levels in the V+Ex group were significantly higher than in the V+S and AB+Ex groups. The bacterial Erysipelotrichaceae and Alcaligenaceae families were positively correlated with treadmill running time to exhaustion. In study 2, the treadmill running time to exhaustion after transplantation was significantly higher in the Ex-CMT group than in the Sham and Sed-CMT groups. Furthermore, CS activity and PGC-1α protein levels in the gastrocnemius muscle were significantly higher in the Ex-CMT group than in the Sham and Sed-CMT groups. Thus, gut microbiota altered by aerobic exercise training may be involved in the augmentation of endurance capacity and muscle mitochondrial energy metabolism. KEY POINTS: Aerobic exercise training changes gut microbiota composition, and the Erysipelotrichaceae and Alcaligenaceae families were among the altered gut bacteria. The gut microbiota was associated with endurance performance and metabolic regulator levels in skeletal muscle after aerobic exercise training. Continuous antibiotic treatment attenuated the increase in endurance performance, citrate synthase activity and PGC-1α levels in skeletal muscle induced by aerobic exercise training. Gut microbiota transplantation from exercise-trained mice improved endurance performance and metabolic regulator levels in recipient skeletal muscle, despite the absence of aerobic exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Uchida
- Ritsumeikan-Global Innovation Research Organization, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Shumpei Fujie
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Hiromi Yano
- Department of Health and Sports Science, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Iemitsu
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
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30
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Deianova N, de Boer NK, Aoulad Ahajan H, Verbeek C, Aarnoudse-Moens CSH, Leemhuis AG, van Weissenbruch MM, van Kaam AH, Vijbrief DC, Hulzebos CV, Giezen A, Cossey V, de Boode WP, de Jonge WJ, Benninga MA, Niemarkt HJ, de Meij TGJ. Duration of Neonatal Antibiotic Exposure in Preterm Infants in Association with Health and Developmental Outcomes in Early Childhood. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:967. [PMID: 37370287 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12060967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Over 90% of preterm neonates are, often empirically, exposed to antibiotics as a potentially life-saving measure against sepsis. Long-term outcome in association with antibiotic exposure (NABE) has insufficiently been studied after preterm birth. We investigated the association of NABE-duration with early-childhood developmental and health outcomes in preterm-born children and additionally assessed the impact of GA on outcomes. Preterm children (GA < 30 weeks) participating in a multicenter cohort study were approached for follow-up. General expert-reviewed health questionnaires on respiratory, atopic and gastrointestinal symptoms were sent to parents of children > 24 months' corrected age (CA). Growth and developmental assessments (Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (BSID) III) were part of standard care assessment at 24 months' CA. Uni- and multivariate regressions were performed with NABE (per 5 days) and GA (per week) as independent variables. Odds ratios (OR) for health outcomes were adjusted (aOR) for confounders, where appropriate. Of 1079 infants whose parents were approached, 347 (32%) responded at a mean age of 4.6 years (SD 0.9). In children with NABE (97%), NABE duration decreased by 1.6 days (p < 0.001) per week of gestation. Below-average gross-motor development (BSID-III gross-motor score < 8) was associated with duration of NABE (aOR = 1.28; p = 0.04). The aOR for constipation was 0.81 (p = 0.04) per gestational week. Growth was inversely correlated with GA. Respiratory and atopic symptoms were not associated with NABE, nor GA. We observed that prolonged NABE after preterm birth was associated with below-average gross-motor development at 24 months' CA, while a low GA was associated with lower weight and stature Z-scores and higher odds for constipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Deianova
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Neonatology, Máxima Medical Center, 5504 DB Veldhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Nanne K de Boer
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hafsa Aoulad Ahajan
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cilla Verbeek
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelieke S H Aarnoudse-Moens
- Department of Neonatology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aleid G Leemhuis
- Department of Neonatology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam M van Weissenbruch
- Department of Neonatology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anton H van Kaam
- Department of Neonatology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel C Vijbrief
- Department of Neonatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Chris V Hulzebos
- Department of Neonatology, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Astrid Giezen
- Department of Neonatology, Isala Hospital, Amalia Children's Center, 8025 AB Zwolle, The Netherlands
| | - Veerle Cossey
- Department of Neonatology, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Willem P de Boode
- Department of Neonatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Amalia Children's Hospital, 6525 XZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter J de Jonge
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marc A Benninga
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hendrik J Niemarkt
- Department of Neonatology, Máxima Medical Center, 5504 DB Veldhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Tim G J de Meij
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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31
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Liu Y, Xu L, Yang Z, Wang D, Li T, Yang F, Li Z, Bai X, Wang Y. Gut-muscle axis and sepsis-induced myopathy: The potential role of gut microbiota. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114837. [PMID: 37156115 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is described as an immune response disorder of the host to infection in which microorganisms play a non-negligible role. Most survivors of sepsis experience ICU-acquired weakness, also known as septic myopathy, characterized by skeletal muscle atrophy, weakness, and irreparable damage/regenerated or dysfunctional. The mechanism of sepsis-induced myopathy is currently unclear. It has been believed that this state is triggered by circulating pathogens and their related harmful factors, leading to impaired muscle metabolism. Sepsis and its resulting alterations in the intestinal microbiota are associated with sepsis-related organ dysfunction, including skeletal muscle wasting. There are also some studies on interventions targeting the flora, including fecal microbiota transplants, the addition of dietary fiber and probiotics in enteral feeding products, etc., aiming to improve sepsis-related myopathy. In this review, we critically assess the potential mechanisms and therapeutic prospects of intestinal flora in the development of septic myopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukun Liu
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Ligang Xu
- Trauma Center/Department of Emergency and Traumatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Zhaohui Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, the Affiliated Minda Hospital of Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, Hubei, PR China
| | - Dongfang Wang
- Trauma Center/Department of Emergency and Traumatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Tianyu Li
- Trauma Center/Department of Emergency and Traumatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Fan Yang
- Trauma Center/Department of Emergency and Traumatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Zhanfei Li
- Trauma Center/Department of Emergency and Traumatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Xiangjun Bai
- Trauma Center/Department of Emergency and Traumatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Yuchang Wang
- Trauma Center/Department of Emergency and Traumatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China.
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32
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Calabrò S, Kankowski S, Cescon M, Gambarotta G, Raimondo S, Haastert-Talini K, Ronchi G. Impact of Gut Microbiota on the Peripheral Nervous System in Physiological, Regenerative and Pathological Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098061. [PMID: 37175764 PMCID: PMC10179357 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been widely demonstrated that the gut microbiota is responsible for essential functions in human health and that its perturbation is implicated in the development and progression of a growing list of diseases. The number of studies evaluating how the gut microbiota interacts with and influences other organs and systems in the body and vice versa is constantly increasing and several 'gut-organ axes' have already been defined. Recently, the view on the link between the gut microbiota (GM) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS) has become broader by exceeding the fact that the PNS can serve as a systemic carrier of GM-derived metabolites and products to other organs. The PNS as the communication network between the central nervous system and the periphery of the body and internal organs can rather be affected itself by GM perturbation. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about the impact of gut microbiota on the PNS, with regard to its somatic and autonomic divisions, in physiological, regenerative and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Calabrò
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Svenja Kankowski
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Matilde Cescon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Giovanna Gambarotta
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences & Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), University of Torino, Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano, 10043 Torino, Italy
| | - Stefania Raimondo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences & Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), University of Torino, Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano, 10043 Torino, Italy
| | - Kirsten Haastert-Talini
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience Hannover (ZSN), Buenteweg 2, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Giulia Ronchi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences & Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), University of Torino, Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano, 10043 Torino, Italy
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33
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Zhang L, Zhang R, Li L. Effects of Probiotic Supplementation on Exercise and the Underlying Mechanisms. Foods 2023; 12:foods12091787. [PMID: 37174325 PMCID: PMC10178086 DOI: 10.3390/foods12091787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term, high-intensity exercise can trigger stress response pathways in multiple organs, including the heart and lungs, gastrointestinal tract, skeletal muscle, and neuroendocrine system, thus affecting their material and energy metabolism, immunity, oxidative stress, and endocrine function, and reducing exercise function. As a natural, safe, and convenient nutritional supplement, probiotics have been a hot research topic in the field of biomedical health in recent years. Numerous studies have shown that probiotic supplementation improves the health of the body through the gut-brain axis and the gut-muscle axis, and probiotic supplementation may also improve the stress response and motor function of the body. This paper reviews the progress of research on the role of probiotic supplementation in material and energy metabolism, intestinal barrier function, immunity, oxidative stress, neuroendocrine function, and the health status of the body, as well as the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Physical Education, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ruhao Zhang
- Department of Physical Education, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lu Li
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
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34
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Grahnemo L, Nethander M, Coward E, Gabrielsen ME, Sree S, Billod JM, Sjögren K, Engstrand L, Dekkers KF, Fall T, Langhammer A, Hveem K, Ohlsson C. Identification of three bacterial species associated with increased appendicular lean mass: the HUNT study. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2250. [PMID: 37080991 PMCID: PMC10119287 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37978-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Appendicular lean mass (ALM) associates with mobility and bone mineral density (BMD). While associations between gut microbiota composition and ALM have been reported, previous studies rely on relatively small sample sizes. Here, we determine the associations between prevalent gut microbes and ALM in large discovery and replication cohorts with information on relevant confounders within the population-based Norwegian HUNT cohort (n = 5196, including women and men). We show that the presence of three bacterial species - Coprococcus comes, Dorea longicatena, and Eubacterium ventriosum - are reproducibly associated with higher ALM. When combined into an anabolic species count, participants with all three anabolic species have 0.80 kg higher ALM than those without any. In an exploratory analysis, the anabolic species count is positively associated with femoral neck and total hip BMD. We conclude that the anabolic species count may be used as a marker of ALM and BMD. The therapeutic potential of these anabolic species to prevent sarcopenia and osteoporosis needs to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Grahnemo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Maria Nethander
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eivind Coward
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Maiken Elvestad Gabrielsen
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Satya Sree
- Bio-Me, Oslo Science Park, Gaustadalléen 21, N-0349, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jean-Marc Billod
- Bio-Me, Oslo Science Park, Gaustadalléen 21, N-0349, Oslo, Norway
| | - Klara Sjögren
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lars Engstrand
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Centre for Translational Microbiome Research, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska Hospital, Biomedicum A8, Solnavägen 9, 171 65, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Koen F Dekkers
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tove Fall
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Arnulf Langhammer
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
- Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - Kristian Hveem
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
- Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Drug Treatment, Gothenburg, Sweden
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35
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Mancin L, Wu GD, Paoli A. Gut microbiota-bile acid-skeletal muscle axis. Trends Microbiol 2023; 31:254-269. [PMID: 36319506 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota represents a 'metabolic organ' that can regulate human metabolism. Intact gut microbiota contributes to host homeostasis, whereas compositional perturbations, termed dysbiosis, are associated with a wide range of diseases. Recent evidence demonstrates that dysbiosis, and the accompanying loss of microbiota-derived metabolites, results in a substantial alteration of skeletal muscle metabolism. As an example, bile acids, produced in the liver and further metabolized by intestinal microbiota, are of considerable interest since they regulate several host metabolic pathways by activating nuclear receptors, including the farnesoid X receptor (FXR). Indeed, alteration of gut microbiota may lead to skeletal muscle atrophy via a bile acid-FXR pathway. This Review aims to suggest a new pathway that connects different mechanisms, involving the gut-muscle axis, that are often seen as unrelated, and, starting from preclinical studies, we hypothesize new strategies aimed at optimizing skeletal muscle functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mancin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Human Inspired Technology Research Center HIT, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
| | - Gary D Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Antonio Paoli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Human Inspired Technology Research Center HIT, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Research Center for High Performance Sport, UCAM, Catholic University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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36
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Hutchinson NT, Wang SS, Dokhanchi J, Johnson RW, Buford TW, Allen JM, Woods JA. Effects of Broad-Spectrum Antibiotic Treatment or Germ-Free Status on Endurance Performance and Exercise Adaptations in Mice. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2023; 55:225-234. [PMID: 36170555 PMCID: PMC9840680 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Endurance exercise alters the gut microbiome independently of diet. The extent to which gut microbes are responsible for physiologic adaptations to exercise training is unknown. The purpose of these experiments was to determine the role of gut microbes in performance and muscle adaptation to 6 wk of voluntary wheel running (VWR) in mice. METHODS We depleted microbes with broad-spectrum antibiotic (ABX) treatment and used germ-free (GF) mice to determine effects on adaptations to VWR. Male and female C57Bl/6 mice ( n = 56) were assigned to daily VWR or sedentary conditions. After the intervention, treadmill endurance and glucose tolerance were assessed, and gastrocnemius and soleus tissues were harvested and analyzed for citrate synthase (CS) enzyme activity and expression of exercise training-sensitive genes. RESULTS ABX treatment and GF status resulted in VWR volumes ~22% and 26% lower than controls, respectively. Analysis of variance revealed that, although VWR increased treadmill endurance, ABX had no effect. GF status significantly reduced treadmill performance in trained GF mice after training. VWR increased gastrocnemius CS enzyme activity in all groups, and ABX and GF status did not reduce the VWR effect. VWR also increased muscle expression of PGC1a, but this was not affected by ABX treatment. CONCLUSIONS ABX treatment and GF status reduced VWR behavior but did not affect VWR-induced adaptations in endurance capacity, CS activity, or expression of muscle metabolic genes. However, GF status reduced endurance capacity. These data indicated that reducing microbes in adulthood does not inhibit endurance training adaptations in C57Bl/6 mice, but that GF mice possess a reduced responsiveness to endurance exercise training, perhaps because of a developmental defect associated with lack of microbes from birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah T. Hutchinson
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL
| | - Selena S. Wang
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL
| | - Jack Dokhanchi
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL
| | - Rodney W. Johnson
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL
| | - Thomas W. Buford
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
- Birmingham/Atlanta Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL
| | - Jacob M. Allen
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL
| | - Jeffrey A. Woods
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL
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Dysbiosis and leaky gut in hyper-inflated COPD patients: Have smoking and exercise training any role? Respir Med Res 2023; 83:100995. [PMID: 36822132 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmer.2023.100995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To characterize the leaky gut syndrome in a cohort of COPD patients with lung hyperinflation according to their clinical history (i.e. hyperinflation severity, chronic respiratory failure [CRF] presence, GOLD stage, prescribed therapy, smoking history) and with or without recent exercise training activity. METHODS At the ambulatory visit, we evaluated selected COPD patients with lung hyperinflation [residual volume (RV)≥110% pred, TLC≤120% pred)] in clinical stability, identifying them as those who have attended a recent program of exercise training and those who were waiting for it. Clinical and respiratory characteristics (forced expiratory volume at the first second, forced vital capacity, and arterial blood gasses) were collected. Microbiota composition (CFU/ml), and intestinal permeability (i.e., Zonulin ng/ml) were measured in the stool and normalized to the normality cutoff value. RESULTS All patients [n = 32, median age: 67 years, median RV: 185.0% pred (IQR: 162.0-206.0) and TLC 125.0% pred (IQR: 113.0-138.0)] showed depletion of Lactobacilli, Bacteroides and a great increase in E. Coli, KES (2 and 6.4 times) and Saccharomyces concentrations (2.5 times) other than normality. All evaluations on gut microbiota composition in the whole population were independent of BMI, CRF, GOLD stage or hyperinflation severity, and inhaled steroid therapy. Smoking habits (smokers vs ex-smokers) influenced only Bacteroides species (p<0.05) and no systemic inflammation was present in these patients. On the contrary, Zonulin concentration, a marker of intestinal permeability, was significantly higher than normal (2.8 times) and was correlated with Saccharomyces (p = 0.013). Zonulin (p = 0.001) and Saccharomyces (p<0.0001) were also significantly different in patients undergoing exercise training with respect to those on the waiting list for training. These findings were not influenced by smoking habits. CONCLUSIONS A marked dysbiosis and leaky gut alteration characterize all COPD hyper-inflated patients, being worse in patients waiting for exercise training. A pre-to-post study is necessary to confirm these preliminary findings.
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Lawenius L, Cowardin C, Grahnemo L, Scheffler JM, Horkeby K, Engdahl C, Wu J, Vandenput L, Koskela A, Tukkanen J, Coward E, Hveem K, Langhammer A, Abrahamsson S, Gordon JI, Sjögren K, Ohlsson C. Transplantation of gut microbiota from old mice into young healthy mice reduces lean mass but not bone mass. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2236755. [PMID: 37475479 PMCID: PMC10364652 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2236755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with low bone and lean mass as well as alterations in the gut microbiota (GM). In this study, we determined whether the reduced bone mass and relative lean mass observed in old mice could be transferred to healthy young mice by GM transplantation (GMT). GM from old (21-month-old) and young adult (5-month-old) donors was used to colonize germ-free (GF) mice in three separate studies involving still growing 5- or 11-week-old recipients and 17-week-old recipients with minimal bone growth. The GM of the recipient mice was similar to that of the donors, demonstrating successful GMT. GM from old mice did not have statistically significant effects on bone mass or bone strength, but significantly reduced the lean mass percentage of still growing recipient mice when compared with recipients of GM from young adult mice. The levels of propionate in the cecum of mice receiving old donor GM were significantly lower than those in mice receiving young adult donor GM. Bacteroides ovatus was enriched in the microbiota of recipient mice harboring GM from young adult donors. The presence of B. ovatus was not only significantly associated with high lean mass percentage in mice, but also with lean mass adjusted for fat mass in the large human HUNT cohort. In conclusion, GM from old mice reduces lean mass percentage but not bone mass in young, healthy, still growing recipient mice. Future studies are warranted to determine whether GM from young mice improves the musculoskeletal phenotype of frail elderly recipient mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Lawenius
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carrie Cowardin
- The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Louise Grahnemo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Julia M. Scheffler
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at the Sahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin Horkeby
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Engdahl
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at the Sahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jianyao Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Liesbeth Vandenput
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Antti Koskela
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Cancer Research and Translational Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Juha Tukkanen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Cancer Research and Translational Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Eivind Coward
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kristian Hveem
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
| | - Arnulf Langhammer
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
| | - Sanna Abrahamsson
- Bioinformatics and Data Centre, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jeffrey I. Gordon
- The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Klara Sjögren
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Drug Treatment, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Sales KM, Reimer RA. Unlocking a novel determinant of athletic performance: The role of the gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids, and "biotics" in exercise. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2023; 12:36-44. [PMID: 36089243 PMCID: PMC9923434 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota refers to the collection of trillions of intestinal microorganisms that modulate central aspects of health and disease through influential effects on host physiology. Recently, a connection has been made between the gut microbiota and exercise. Initial investigations demonstrated the beneficial effects of exercise on the gut microbiota, with cross-sectional studies revealing positive correlations between exercise-associated states, and healthy gut microbiota and exercise interventions showed post-intervention increases in the abundance of beneficial bacterial taxa. More recent investigations have focused on exploring the reverse relationship: the influence of the gut microbiota on exercise performance. Murine investigations have revealed that certain bacterial taxa may enhance endurance exercise performance by augmenting various aspects of lactate metabolism. Further, short-chain fatty acids-which modulate metabolism at various organ sites, including within skeletal muscle-have been shown to enhance endurance exercise capacity in mice. This review highlights what is currently known about the connection between the gut microbiota and exercise, with a particular focus on the ergogenic potential of the gut microbiota and how it may be leveraged to enhance endurance exercise performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate M Sales
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Raylene A Reimer
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.
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Zhu Y, Cidan-yangji, Sun G, Luo C, Duan J, Shi B, Ma T, Tang S, Zhong R, Chen L, Basang-wangdui, Zhang H. Different feeding patterns affect meat quality of Tibetan pigs associated with intestinal microbiota alterations. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1076123. [PMID: 36532493 PMCID: PMC9755672 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1076123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of different feeding patterns on meat quality, gut microbiota and its metabolites of Tibetan pigs. Tibetan pigs with similar body weight were fed the high energy diets (HEP, 20 pigs) and the regular diets (RFP, 20 pigs), and free-ranging Tibetan pigs (FRP, 20 pigs) were selected as the reference. After 6 weeks of experiment, meat quality indexes of semitendinosus muscle (SM) and cecal microbiota were measured. The results of meat quality demonstrated that the shear force of pig SM in FRP group was higher than that in HEP and RFP groups (p < 0.001); the pH-value of SM in HEP pigs was higher at 45 min (p < 0.05) and lower at 24 h (p < 0.01) after slaughter than that in FRP and RFP groups; the SM lightness (L* value) of FRP pigs increased compared with RFP and HEP groups (p < 0.001), while the SM redness (a* value) of FRP pigs was higher than that of RFP group (p < 0.05). The free fatty acid (FA) profile exhibited that the total FAs and unsaturated FAs of pig SM in HEP and RFP groups were higher than those in FRP group (p < 0.05); the RFP pigs had more reasonable FA composition with higher n-3 polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs) and lower n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio than HEP pigs (p < 0.05). Based on that, we observed that Tibetan pigs fed high energy diets (HEP) had lower microbial α-diversity in cecum (p < 0.05), and distinct feeding patterns exhibited a different microbial cluster. Simultaneously, the short-chain FA levels in cecum of FRP and RFP pigs were higher compared with HEP pigs (p < 0.05). A total of 11 genera related to muscle lipid metabolism or meat quality, including Alistipes, Anaerovibrio, Acetitomaculun, etc., were identified under different feeding patterns (p < 0.05). Spearman correlation analysis demonstrated that alterations of free FAs in SM were affected by the genera Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group, Prevotellaceae UCG-003 and Christensenellaceae_R-7_group (p < 0.05). Taken together, distinct feeding patterns affected meat quality of Tibetan pigs related to gut microbiota alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbin Zhu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, China
| | - Cidan-yangji
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, China
| | - Guangming Sun
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, China
| | - Chengzeng Luo
- The State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Jiujun Duan
- The State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Shi
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, China
| | - Teng Ma
- The State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shanlong Tang
- The State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruqing Zhong
- The State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Basang-wangdui
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, China
| | - Hongfu Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Dohnalová L, Lundgren P, Carty JRE, Goldstein N, Wenski SL, Nanudorn P, Thiengmag S, Huang KP, Litichevskiy L, Descamps HC, Chellappa K, Glassman A, Kessler S, Kim J, Cox TO, Dmitrieva-Posocco O, Wong AC, Allman EL, Ghosh S, Sharma N, Sengupta K, Cornes B, Dean N, Churchill GA, Khurana TS, Sellmyer MA, FitzGerald GA, Patterson AD, Baur JA, Alhadeff AL, Helfrich EJN, Levy M, Betley JN, Thaiss CA. A microbiome-dependent gut-brain pathway regulates motivation for exercise. Nature 2022; 612:739-747. [PMID: 36517598 PMCID: PMC11162758 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05525-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Exercise exerts a wide range of beneficial effects for healthy physiology1. However, the mechanisms regulating an individual's motivation to engage in physical activity remain incompletely understood. An important factor stimulating the engagement in both competitive and recreational exercise is the motivating pleasure derived from prolonged physical activity, which is triggered by exercise-induced neurochemical changes in the brain. Here, we report on the discovery of a gut-brain connection in mice that enhances exercise performance by augmenting dopamine signalling during physical activity. We find that microbiome-dependent production of endocannabinoid metabolites in the gut stimulates the activity of TRPV1-expressing sensory neurons and thereby elevates dopamine levels in the ventral striatum during exercise. Stimulation of this pathway improves running performance, whereas microbiome depletion, peripheral endocannabinoid receptor inhibition, ablation of spinal afferent neurons or dopamine blockade abrogate exercise capacity. These findings indicate that the rewarding properties of exercise are influenced by gut-derived interoceptive circuits and provide a microbiome-dependent explanation for interindividual variability in exercise performance. Our study also suggests that interoceptomimetic molecules that stimulate the transmission of gut-derived signals to the brain may enhance the motivation for exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Dohnalová
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Molecular Bio Science, Goethe University Frankfurt, and LOEWE Center for Translational Biodiversity Genomics, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Patrick Lundgren
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jamie R E Carty
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nitsan Goldstein
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sebastian L Wenski
- Institute for Molecular Bio Science, Goethe University Frankfurt, and LOEWE Center for Translational Biodiversity Genomics, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Pakjira Nanudorn
- Institute for Molecular Bio Science, Goethe University Frankfurt, and LOEWE Center for Translational Biodiversity Genomics, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sirinthra Thiengmag
- Institute for Molecular Bio Science, Goethe University Frankfurt, and LOEWE Center for Translational Biodiversity Genomics, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Lev Litichevskiy
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hélène C Descamps
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Karthikeyani Chellappa
- Institute for Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ana Glassman
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Susanne Kessler
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jihee Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Timothy O Cox
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Oxana Dmitrieva-Posocco
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrea C Wong
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Erik L Allman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Soumita Ghosh
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nitika Sharma
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kasturi Sengupta
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Tejvir S Khurana
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mark A Sellmyer
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Garret A FitzGerald
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrew D Patterson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Joseph A Baur
- Institute for Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amber L Alhadeff
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Eric J N Helfrich
- Institute for Molecular Bio Science, Goethe University Frankfurt, and LOEWE Center for Translational Biodiversity Genomics, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Maayan Levy
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J Nicholas Betley
- Institute for Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christoph A Thaiss
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Institute for Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Lefevre C, Bindels LB. Role of the Gut Microbiome in Skeletal Muscle Physiology and Pathophysiology. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2022; 20:422-432. [PMID: 36121571 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-022-00752-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review aims to summarize the recent findings about the contribution of the gut microbiome to muscle pathophysiology and discuss molecular pathways that may be involved in such process. Related findings in the context of cancer cachexia are outlined. RECENT FINDINGS Many bacterial metabolites have been reported to exert a beneficial or detrimental impact on muscle physiology. Most of the evidence concentrates on short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), with an emerging role for bile acids, bacterial amino acid metabolites (bAAms), and bacterial polyphenol metabolites. Other molecular players worth considering include cytokines, hormones, lipopolysaccharides, and quorum sensing molecules. The current literature clearly establishes the ability for the gut microbiome to modulate muscle function and mass. The understanding of the mechanisms underlying this gut-muscle axis may lead to the delivery of novel therapeutic tools to tackle muscle wasting in cancer cachexia, chronic kidney disease, liver fibrosis, and age-related sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Lefevre
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Mounier 73, B1.73.11, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laure B Bindels
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Mounier 73, B1.73.11, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), Avenue Pasteur 6, 1300, Wavre, Belgium.
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Smith KS, Morris MM, Morrow CD, Novak JR, Roberts MD, Frugé AD. Associations between Changes in Fat-Free Mass, Fecal Microbe Diversity, and Mood Disturbance in Young Adults after 10-Weeks of Resistance Training. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10122344. [PMID: 36557597 PMCID: PMC9785032 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10122344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut microbiome contributes to numerous physiological processes in humans, and diet and exercise are known to alter both microbial composition and mood. We sought to explore the effect of a 10-week resistance training (RT) regimen with or without peanut protein supplementation (PPS) in untrained young adults on fecal microbiota and mood disturbance (MD). METHODS Participants were randomized into PPS (n = 25) and control (CTL [no supplement]; n = 24) groups and engaged in supervised, full-body RT twice a week. Measures included body composition, fecal microbe relative abundance, alpha- and beta-diversity from 16 s rRNA gene sequencing with QIIME2 processing, dietary intake at baseline and following the 10-week intervention, and post-intervention MD via the profile of mood states (POMS) questionnaire. Independent samples t-tests were used to determine differences between PPS and CTL groups. Paired samples t-tests investigated differences within groups. RESULTS Our sample was mostly female (69.4%), white (87.8%), normal weight (body mass index 24.6 ± 4.2 kg/m2), and 21 ± 2.0 years old. Shannon index significantly increased from baseline in all participants (p = 0.040), with no between-group differences or pre-post beta-diversity dissimilarities. Changes in Blautia abundance were associated with the positive POMS subscales, Vigor and self-esteem-related-affect (SERA) (rho = -0.451, p = 0.04; rho = -0.487, p = 0.025, respectively). Whole tree phylogeny changes were negatively correlated with SERA and Vigor (rho = -0.475, p = 0.046; rho = -0.582, p = 0.011, respectively) as well as change in bodyfat percentage (rho = -0.608, p = 0.007). Mediation analysis results indicate changes in PD Whole Tree Phylogeny was not a significant mediator of the relationship between change in fat-free mass and total MD. CONCLUSIONS Mood state subscales are associated with changes in microbial taxa and body composition. PD Whole Tree Phylogeny increased following the 10-week RT regimen; further research is warranted to explore how RT-induced changes in microbial diversity are related to changes in body composition and mood disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen S. Smith
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Molly M. Morris
- College of Science and Mathematics, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Casey D. Morrow
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Josh R. Novak
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | | | - Andrew Dandridge Frugé
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- College of Nursing, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
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Lee CC, Liao YC, Lee MC, Cheng YC, Chiou SY, Lin JS, Huang CC, Watanabe K. Different Impacts of Heat-Killed and Viable Lactiplantibacillus plantarum TWK10 on Exercise Performance, Fatigue, Body Composition, and Gut Microbiota in Humans. Microorganisms 2022; 10:2181. [PMID: 36363775 PMCID: PMC9692508 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10112181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum TWK10, a probiotic strain, has been demonstrated to improve exercise performance, regulate body composition, and ameliorate age-related declines. Here, we performed a comparative analysis of viable and heat-killed TWK10 in the regulation of exercise performance, body composition, and gut microbiota in humans. Healthy adults (n = 53) were randomly divided into three groups: Control, TWK10 (viable TWK10, 3 × 1011 colony forming units/day), and TWK10-hk (heat-killed TWK10, 3 × 1011 cells/day) groups. After six-week administration, both the TWK10 and TWK10-hk groups had significantly improved exercise performance and fatigue-associated features and reduced exercise-induced inflammation, compared with controls. Viable TWK10 significantly promoted improved body composition, by increasing muscle mass proportion and reducing fat mass. Gut microbiota analysis demonstrated significantly increasing trends in the relative abundances of Akkermansiaceae and Prevotellaceae in subjects receiving viable TWK10. Predictive metagenomic profiling revealed that heat-killed TWK10 administration significantly enhanced the signaling pathways involved in amino acid metabolisms, while glutathione metabolism, and ubiquinone and other terpenoid-quinone biosynthesis pathways were enriched by viable TWK10. In conclusion, viable and heat-killed TWK10 had similar effects in improving exercise performance and attenuating exercise-induced inflammatory responses as probiotics and postbiotics, respectively. Viable TWK10 was also highly effective in regulating body composition. The differences in efficacy between viable and heat-killed TWK10 may be due to differential impacts in shaping gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chia Lee
- Culture Collection & Research Institute, SYNBIO TECH INC., Kaohsiung 82151, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chu Liao
- Culture Collection & Research Institute, SYNBIO TECH INC., Kaohsiung 82151, Taiwan
| | - Mon-Chien Lee
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan 333325, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Cheng
- Culture Collection & Research Institute, SYNBIO TECH INC., Kaohsiung 82151, Taiwan
| | - Shiou-Yun Chiou
- Culture Collection & Research Institute, SYNBIO TECH INC., Kaohsiung 82151, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Seng Lin
- Culture Collection & Research Institute, SYNBIO TECH INC., Kaohsiung 82151, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan 333325, Taiwan
| | - Koichi Watanabe
- Culture Collection & Research Institute, SYNBIO TECH INC., Kaohsiung 82151, Taiwan
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10672, Taiwan
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A Minireview Exploring the Interplay of the Muscle-Gut-Brain (MGB) Axis to Improve Knowledge on Mental Disorders: Implications for Clinical Neuroscience Research and Therapeutics. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:8806009. [PMID: 36160716 PMCID: PMC9499796 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8806009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
What benefit might emerge from connecting clinical neuroscience with microbiology and exercise science? What about the influence of the muscle-gut-brain (MGB) axis on mental health? The gut microbiota colonizes the intestinal tract and plays a pivotal role in digestion, production of vitamins and immune system development, but it is also able to exert a particular effect on psychological well-being and appears to play a critical role in regulating several muscle metabolic pathways. Endogenous and exogenous factors may cause dysbiosis, with relevant consequences on the composition and function of the gut microbiota that may also modulate muscle responses to exercise. The capacity of specific psychobiotics in ameliorating mental health as complementary strategies has been recently suggested as a novel treatment for some neuropsychiatric diseases. Moreover, physical exercise can modify qualitative and quantitative composition of the gut microbiota and alleviate certain psychopathological symptoms. In this minireview, we documented evidence about the impact of the MGB axis on mental health, which currently appears to be a possible target in the context of a multidimensional intervention mainly including pharmacological and psychotherapeutic treatments, especially for depressive mood.
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Ferrara M, Samaden M, Ruggieri E, Vénéreau E. Cancer cachexia as a multiorgan failure: Reconstruction of the crime scene. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:960341. [PMID: 36158184 PMCID: PMC9493094 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.960341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cachexia is a devastating syndrome associated with the end-stage of several diseases, including cancer, and characterized by body weight loss and severe muscle and adipose tissue wasting. Although different cancer types are affected to diverse extents by cachexia, about 80% of all cancer patients experience this comorbidity, which highly reduces quality of life and response to therapy, and worsens prognosis, accounting for more than 25% of all cancer deaths. Cachexia represents an urgent medical need because, despite several molecular mechanisms have been identified, no effective therapy is currently available for this devastating syndrome. Most studies focus on skeletal muscle, which is indeed the main affected and clinically relevant organ, but cancer cachexia is characterized by a multiorgan failure. In this review, we focus on the current knowledge on the multiple tissues affected by cachexia and on the biomarkers with the attempt to define a chronological pathway, which might be useful for the early identification of patients who will undergo cachexia. Indeed, it is likely that the inefficiency of current therapies might be attributed, at least in part, to their administration in patients at the late stages of cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Ferrara
- Tissue Regeneration and Homeostasis Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Samaden
- Tissue Regeneration and Homeostasis Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Ruggieri
- Tissue Regeneration and Homeostasis Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Emilie Vénéreau
- Tissue Regeneration and Homeostasis Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Emilie Vénéreau,
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Belhaj MR, Lawler NG, Hawley JA, Broadhurst DI, Hoffman NJ, Reinke SN. Metabolomics reveals mouse plasma metabolite responses to acute exercise and effects of disrupting AMPK-glycogen interactions. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:957549. [PMID: 36090035 PMCID: PMC9449498 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.957549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a master regulator of energy homeostasis that becomes activated by exercise and binds glycogen, an important energy store required to meet exercise-induced energy demands. Disruption of AMPK-glycogen interactions in mice reduces exercise capacity and impairs whole-body metabolism. However, the mechanisms underlying these phenotypic effects at rest and following exercise are unknown. Furthermore, the plasma metabolite responses to an acute exercise challenge in mice remain largely uncharacterized. Methods: Plasma samples were collected from wild type (WT) and AMPK double knock-in (DKI) mice with disrupted AMPK-glycogen binding at rest and following 30-min submaximal treadmill running. An untargeted metabolomics approach was utilized to determine the breadth of plasma metabolite changes occurring in response to acute exercise and the effects of disrupting AMPK-glycogen binding. Results: Relative to WT mice, DKI mice had reduced maximal running speed (p < 0.0001) concomitant with increased body mass (p < 0.01) and adiposity (p < 0.001). A total of 83 plasma metabolites were identified/annotated, with 17 metabolites significantly different (p < 0.05; FDR<0.1) in exercised (↑6; ↓11) versus rested mice, including amino acids, acylcarnitines and steroid hormones. Pantothenic acid was reduced in DKI mice versus WT. Distinct plasma metabolite profiles were observed between the rest and exercise conditions and between WT and DKI mice at rest, while metabolite profiles of both genotypes converged following exercise. These differences in metabolite profiles were primarily explained by exercise-associated increases in acylcarnitines and steroid hormones as well as decreases in amino acids and derivatives following exercise. DKI plasma showed greater decreases in amino acids following exercise versus WT. Conclusion: This is the first study to map mouse plasma metabolomic changes following a bout of acute exercise in WT mice and the effects of disrupting AMPK-glycogen interactions in DKI mice. Untargeted metabolomics revealed alterations in metabolite profiles between rested and exercised mice in both genotypes, and between genotypes at rest. This study has uncovered known and previously unreported plasma metabolite responses to acute exercise in WT mice, as well as greater decreases in amino acids following exercise in DKI plasma. Reduced pantothenic acid levels may contribute to differences in fuel utilization in DKI mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi R. Belhaj
- Exercise and Nutrition Research Program, Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nathan G. Lawler
- Centre for Integrative Metabolomics and Computational Biology, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Australian National Phenome Centre and Centre for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - John A. Hawley
- Exercise and Nutrition Research Program, Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David I. Broadhurst
- Centre for Integrative Metabolomics and Computational Biology, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Nolan J. Hoffman
- Exercise and Nutrition Research Program, Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Nolan J. Hoffman, ; Stacey N. Reinke,
| | - Stacey N. Reinke
- Centre for Integrative Metabolomics and Computational Biology, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- *Correspondence: Nolan J. Hoffman, ; Stacey N. Reinke,
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Zhu C, Yang J, Nie X, Wu Q, Wang L, Jiang Z. Influences of Dietary Vitamin E, Selenium-Enriched Yeast, and Soy Isoflavone Supplementation on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity, Carcass Traits, Meat Quality and Gut Microbiota in Finishing Pigs. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081510. [PMID: 36009229 PMCID: PMC9405041 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of dietary compound antioxidants on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, carcass traits, meat quality, and gut microbiota in finishing pigs. A total of 36 barrows were randomly assigned to 2 treatments with 6 replicates. The pigs were fed with a basal diet (control) or the basal diet supplemented with 200 mg/kg vitamin E, 0.3 mg/kg selenium-enriched yeast, and 20 mg/kg soy isoflavone. Dietary compound antioxidants decreased the average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed to gain ratio (F/G) at d 14−28 in finishing pigs (p < 0.05). The plasma total protein, urea nitrogen, triglyceride, and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations were decreased while the plasma glutathione (GSH) to glutathione oxidized (GSSG) ratio (GSH/GSSG) was increased by compound antioxidants (p < 0.05). Dietary compound antioxidants increased loin area and b* value at 45 min, decreased backfat thickness at last rib, and drip loss at 48 h (p < 0.05). The relative abundance of colonic Peptococcus at the genus level was increased and ileal Turicibacter_sp_H121 abundance at the species level was decreased by dietary compound antioxidants. Spearman analysis showed a significant negative correlation between the relative abundance of colonic Peptococcus and plasma MDA concentration and meat drip loss at 48 h. Collectively, dietary supplementation with compound antioxidants of vitamin E, selenium-enrich yeast, and soy isoflavone could improve feed efficiency and antioxidant capacity, and modify the backfat thickness and meat quality through modulation of the gut microbiota community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Zhu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China; (C.Z.); (J.Y.); (X.N.)
| | - Jingsen Yang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China; (C.Z.); (J.Y.); (X.N.)
| | - Xiaoyan Nie
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China; (C.Z.); (J.Y.); (X.N.)
| | - Qiwen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China;
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China;
- Correspondence: (L.W.); (Z.J.)
| | - Zongyong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China;
- Correspondence: (L.W.); (Z.J.)
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Spore Powder of Paecilomyces hepiali Shapes Gut Microbiota to Relieve Exercise-Induced Fatigue in Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142973. [PMID: 35889929 PMCID: PMC9323605 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Paecilomyces hepiali, a fungal strain isolated from natural Ophiocordyceps sinensis, contains similar pharmacologically active components, has been used widely as a substitute of O. sinensis in functional food and medicine. However, the components and anti-fatigue effects of P.hepiali spores and their mechanisms of action are largely unknown. Here, we compared the chemical composition in P.hepiali spore (HPS) and mycelium (HPM) by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry analysis. We found 85 metabolites with significant differences, and HPS contains more L-Malic acid, Oxalacetic acid, Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, and L-Arginine than HPM. Then we evaluated their anti-fatigue effects and regulatory effects on the gut microbiota in mice. The forced swimming time (SW) was only significantly increased in HPS groups: the high and low dose of the HPS group was 101% and 72% longer than the control group, respectively. Both HPS and HPM treatment decreased lactic acid, blood urea nitrogen, creatine kinase while increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in the blood. Moreover, mice treated with HPS and HPM showed less skeletal muscle fiber spacing and breakage. The relative abundance of Alistips, Eubacterium, Bacterium, Parasutterella, and Olsenella in the gut microbiota of the HPS group was higher than that in the HPM group through 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis. These changes may be related to the regulation of nucleotide, amino acid, and carbohydrate metabolism. Correlation analysis between the gut microbiota and fatigue-related indicators suggested that Alistips, Clostridium, Akkermansia, Olsenella, and Lactobacillus were positively correlated with the SW and LDH content. Our findings demonstrated that HPS has beneficial anti-fatigue effects by regulating gut microbiota.
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The Role of Gut Microbiota in the Skeletal Muscle Development and Fat Deposition in Pigs. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11060793. [PMID: 35740199 PMCID: PMC9220283 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11060793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Pork quality is a factor increasingly considered in consumer preferences for pork. The formation mechanisms determining meat quality are complicated, including endogenous and exogenous factors. Despite a lot of research on meat quality, unexpected variation in meat quality is still a major problem in the meat industry. Currently, gut microbiota and their metabolites have attracted increased attention in the animal breeding industry, and recent research demonstrated their significance in muscle fiber development and fat deposition. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the research on the effects of gut microbiota on pig muscle and fat deposition. The factors affecting gut microbiota composition will also be discussed, including host genetics, dietary composition, antibiotics, prebiotics, and probiotics. We provide an overall understanding of the relationship between gut microbiota and meat quality in pigs, and how manipulation of gut microbiota may contribute to increasing pork quality for human consumption.
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