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Xiong Q, Wang H, Feng J, Song L, Wu G, Xu Y. Lack of Nr2e1 expression in hepatocytes impaired cell survival and aggravated palmitate-induced oxidative stress. Adv Med Sci 2024; 69:320-330. [PMID: 38901547 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2024.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group E member 1 (Nr2e1) has been regarded as an essential regulator in neural stem cells. However, its function is still not clear in hepatocytes. This study aimed to clarify the effects of Nr2e1-deficiency in hepatocytes in lipotoxic conditions. MATERIALS/METHODS Nr2e1-knockdown AML12 cells were generated by lentiviral vector transfection. The influences of Nr2e1-deficiency on hepatocyte survival were determined by cell cycle progression and cell apoptosis rate using flow cytometry. Real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot were used to examine the genes and protein expression related to apoptosis, lipid metabolism, and oxidative stress. Meanwhile, RNA sequencing was adopted in liver samples from Nr2e1-knockout (Nr2e1-KO) mice. RESULTS Nr2e1 expression was observed with a significant decrease in AML12 cells after palmitic acid-stimulation. Knockdown of Nr2e1 in AML12 cells resulted in increased sensitivity to lipotoxicity, evidenced by a partial G0/G1 cell-cycle arrest and higher rates of cell apoptosis. Moreover, Nr2e1-knockdown AML12 cells presented increased gene expressions relative to lipid synthesis but decreased levels of β-oxidation related genes. Lack of Nr2e1 augmented palmitate-induced oxidative stress in hepatocytes. In vivo, differential genes in Nr2e1-KO mice liver were enriched in pathways associated with liver regeneration and cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS This study indicated that hepatocytes lacking Nr2e1 were more susceptible to lipotoxic-mediated damage. Nr2e1 may serve as a potential target for the development of novel therapies for lipotoxicity-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Xiong
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Haikou, Hainan, China; Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Huawei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jieyuan Feng
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Linyang Song
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Guijun Wu
- Clinical Teaching and Research Sections, School of Nursing, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China; Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Yancheng Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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2
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Xu J, Guo P, Hao S, Shangguan S, Shi Q, Volpe G, Huang K, Zuo J, An J, Yuan Y, Cheng M, Deng Q, Zhang X, Lai G, Nan H, Wu B, Shentu X, Wu L, Wei X, Jiang Y, Huang X, Pan F, Song Y, Li R, Wang Z, Liu C, Liu S, Li Y, Yang T, Xu Z, Du W, Li L, Ahmed T, You K, Dai Z, Li L, Qin B, Li Y, Lai L, Qin D, Chen J, Fan R, Li Y, Hou J, Ott M, Sharma AD, Cantz T, Schambach A, Kristiansen K, Hutchins AP, Göttgens B, Maxwell PH, Hui L, Xu X, Liu L, Chen A, Lai Y, Esteban MA. A spatiotemporal atlas of mouse liver homeostasis and regeneration. Nat Genet 2024; 56:953-969. [PMID: 38627598 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-024-01709-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
The mechanism by which mammalian liver cell responses are coordinated during tissue homeostasis and perturbation is poorly understood, representing a major obstacle in our understanding of many diseases. This knowledge gap is caused by the difficulty involved with studying multiple cell types in different states and locations, particularly when these are transient. We have combined Stereo-seq (spatiotemporal enhanced resolution omics-sequencing) with single-cell transcriptomic profiling of 473,290 cells to generate a high-definition spatiotemporal atlas of mouse liver homeostasis and regeneration at the whole-lobe scale. Our integrative study dissects in detail the molecular gradients controlling liver cell function, systematically defining how gene networks are dynamically modulated through intercellular communication to promote regeneration. Among other important regulators, we identified the transcriptional cofactor TBL1XR1 as a rheostat linking inflammation to Wnt/β-catenin signaling for facilitating hepatocyte proliferation. Our data and analytical pipelines lay the foundation for future high-definition tissue-scale atlases of organ physiology and malfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangshan Xu
- BGI Research, Hangzhou, China
- BGI Research, Shenzhen, China
| | - Pengcheng Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
- 3DC STAR, Spatiotemporal Campus at BGI Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Shijie Hao
- BGI Research, Hangzhou, China
- BGI Research, Shenzhen, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuncheng Shangguan
- BGI Research, Shenzhen, China
- Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health and Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Quan Shi
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Giacomo Volpe
- Hematology and Cell Therapy Unit, IRCCS-Istituto Tumori 'Giovanni Paolo II', Bari, Italy
| | - Keke Huang
- Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jing Zuo
- BGI Research, Hangzhou, China
- BGI Research, Shenzhen, China
| | - Juan An
- School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Yuan
- BGI Research, Hangzhou, China
- BGI Research, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mengnan Cheng
- BGI Research, Hangzhou, China
- BGI Research, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiuting Deng
- BGI Research, Hangzhou, China
- BGI Research, Shenzhen, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Guangyao Lai
- Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health and Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haitao Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Baihua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyi Shentu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Wu
- Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wei
- BGI Research, Hangzhou, China
- BGI Research, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yujia Jiang
- BGI Research, Hangzhou, China
- BGI Research, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin Huang
- BGI Research, Shenzhen, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fengyu Pan
- BGI Research, Hangzhou, China
- BGI Research, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yumo Song
- BGI Research, Hangzhou, China
- BGI Research, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ronghai Li
- BGI Research, Hangzhou, China
- BGI Research, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhifeng Wang
- BGI Research, Hangzhou, China
- BGI Research, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chuanyu Liu
- BGI Research, Hangzhou, China
- BGI Research, Shenzhen, China
- BGI Collaborative Center for Future Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Shiping Liu
- BGI Research, Hangzhou, China
- BGI Research, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Tao Yang
- China National GeneBank, BGI Research, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Genomics Data Center, BGI Research, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhicheng Xu
- China National GeneBank, BGI Research, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Genomics Data Center, BGI Research, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wensi Du
- China National GeneBank, BGI Research, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Genomics Data Center, BGI Research, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ling Li
- China National GeneBank, BGI Research, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Genomics Data Center, BGI Research, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tanveer Ahmed
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai You
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Dai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Li
- Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baoming Qin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yinxiong Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangxue Lai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dajiang Qin
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University-BGI Research Center for Integrative Biology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junling Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong Fan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongyin Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinlin Hou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Guangzhou, China
| | - Michael Ott
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Amar Deep Sharma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tobias Cantz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Axel Schambach
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Andrew P Hutchins
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Berthold Göttgens
- Department of Haematology and Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Patrick H Maxwell
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lijian Hui
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xun Xu
- BGI Research, Hangzhou, China.
- BGI Research, Shenzhen, China.
- BGI Collaborative Center for Future Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Read and Write, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Longqi Liu
- BGI Research, Hangzhou, China.
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- BGI Collaborative Center for Future Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
| | - Ao Chen
- BGI Research, Shenzhen, China.
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- BGI Research, Chongqing, China.
- JFL-BGI STOmics Center, BGI-Shenzhen, Chongqing, China.
| | - Yiwei Lai
- BGI Research, Hangzhou, China.
- BGI Research, Shenzhen, China.
- 3DC STAR, Spatiotemporal Campus at BGI Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.
- BGI Collaborative Center for Future Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
| | - Miguel A Esteban
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
- 3DC STAR, Spatiotemporal Campus at BGI Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.
- Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
- Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University-BGI Research Center for Integrative Biology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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Zhang C, Sun C, Zhao Y, Ye B, Yu G. Signaling pathways of liver regeneration: Biological mechanisms and implications. iScience 2024; 27:108683. [PMID: 38155779 PMCID: PMC10753089 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver possesses a unique regenerative ability to restore its original mass, in this regard, partial hepatectomy (PHx) and partial liver transplantation (PLTx) can be executed smoothly and safely, which has important implications for the treatment of liver disease. Liver regeneration (LR) can be the very complicated procedure that involves multiple cytokines and transcription factors that interact with each other to activate different signaling pathways. Activation of these pathways can drive the LR process, which can be divided into three stages, namely, the initiation, progression, and termination stages. Therefore, it is important to investigate the pathways involved in LR to elucidate the mechanism of LR. This study reviews the latest research on the key signaling pathways in the different stages of LR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Pulmonary Fibrosis, College of Life Science, Institute of Biomedical Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Caifang Sun
- State Key Laboratory Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Pulmonary Fibrosis, College of Life Science, Institute of Biomedical Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Yabin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Pulmonary Fibrosis, College of Life Science, Institute of Biomedical Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Bingyu Ye
- State Key Laboratory Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Pulmonary Fibrosis, College of Life Science, Institute of Biomedical Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - GuoYing Yu
- State Key Laboratory Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Pulmonary Fibrosis, College of Life Science, Institute of Biomedical Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
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4
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Lin YH, Zeng Q, Jia Y, Wang Z, Li L, Hsieh MH, Cheng Q, Pagani CA, Livingston N, Lee J, Zhang Y, Sharma T, Siegwart DJ, Yimlamai D, Levi B, Zhu H. In vivo screening identifies SPP2, a secreted factor that negatively regulates liver regeneration. Hepatology 2023; 78:1133-1148. [PMID: 37039560 PMCID: PMC10524179 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The liver is remarkably regenerative and can completely recover even when 80% of its mass is surgically removed. Identification of secreted factors that regulate liver growth would help us understand how organ size and regeneration are controlled but also provide candidate targets to promote regeneration or impair cancer growth. APPROACH AND RESULTS To enrich for secreted factors that regulate growth control, we induced massive liver overgrowth with either YAP or MYC . Differentially expressed secreted factors were identified in these livers using transcriptomic analysis. To rank candidates by functionality, we performed in vivo CRISPR screening using the Fah knockout model of tyrosinemia. We identified secreted phosphoprotein-2 (SPP2) as a secreted factor that negatively regulates regeneration. Spp2 -deficient mice showed increased survival after acetaminophen poisoning and reduced fibrosis after repeated carbon tetrachloride injections. We examined the impact of SPP2 on bone morphogenetic protein signaling in liver cells and found that SPP2 antagonized bone morphogenetic protein signaling in vitro and in vivo. We also identified cell-surface receptors that interact with SPP2 using a proximity biotinylation assay coupled with mass spectrometry. We showed that SPP2's interactions with integrin family members are in part responsible for some of the regeneration phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS Using an in vivo CRISPR screening system, we identified SPP2 as a secreted factor that negatively regulates liver regeneration. This study provides ways to identify, validate, and characterize secreted factors in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsuan Lin
- Children’s Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Qiyu Zeng
- Children’s Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Yuemeng Jia
- Children’s Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Zixi Wang
- Children’s Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Lin Li
- Children’s Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Meng-Hsiung Hsieh
- Children’s Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Qiang Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Chase A. Pagani
- Department of Surgery, Center for Organogenesis and Trauma, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Nicholas Livingston
- Department of Surgery, Center for Organogenesis and Trauma, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jeon Lee
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Yu Zhang
- Children’s Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Tripti Sharma
- Children’s Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Daniel J. Siegwart
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Dean Yimlamai
- Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519
| | - Benjamin Levi
- Department of Surgery, Center for Organogenesis and Trauma, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Hao Zhu
- Children’s Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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Bravo M, Simón J, González-Recio I, Martinez-Cruz LA, Goikoetxea-Usandizaga N, Martínez-Chantar ML. Magnesium and Liver Metabolism Through the Lifespan. Adv Nutr 2023; 14:739-751. [PMID: 37207838 PMCID: PMC10334155 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Within the organism, the liver is the main organ responsible for metabolic homeostasis and xenobiotic transformation. To maintain an adequate liver weight-to-bodyweight ratio, this organ has an extraordinary regenerative capacity and is able to respond to an acute insult or partial hepatectomy. Maintenance of hepatic homeostasis is crucial for the proper functioning of the liver, and in this context, adequate nutrition with macro- and micronutrient intake is mandatory. Among all known macro-minerals, magnesium has a key role in energy metabolism and in metabolic and signaling pathways that maintain liver function and physiology throughout its life span. In the present review, the cation is reported as a potential key molecule during embryogenesis, liver regeneration, and aging. The exact role of the cation during liver formation and regeneration is not fully understood due to its unclear role in the activation and inhibition of those processes, and further research in a developmental context is needed. As individuals age, they may develop hypomagnesemia, a condition that aggravates the characteristic alterations. Additionally, risk of developing liver pathologies increases with age, and hypomagnesemia may be a contributing factor. Therefore, magnesium loss must be prevented by adequate intake of magnesium-rich foods such as seeds, nuts, spinach, or rice to prevent age-related hepatic alterations and contribute to the maintenance of hepatic homeostasis. Since magnesium-rich sources include a variety of foods, a varied and balanced diet can meet both macronutrient and micronutrient needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miren Bravo
- Liver Disease Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio (Bizkaia), Spain
| | - Jorge Simón
- Liver Disease Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio (Bizkaia), Spain; Center for Biomedical Research in Liver and Digestive Diseases Network (CIBERehd), Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Irene González-Recio
- Liver Disease Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio (Bizkaia), Spain
| | - Luis Alfonso Martinez-Cruz
- Liver Disease Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio (Bizkaia), Spain
| | - Naroa Goikoetxea-Usandizaga
- Liver Disease Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio (Bizkaia), Spain; Center for Biomedical Research in Liver and Digestive Diseases Network (CIBERehd), Bizkaia, Spain.
| | - María Luz Martínez-Chantar
- Liver Disease Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio (Bizkaia), Spain; Center for Biomedical Research in Liver and Digestive Diseases Network (CIBERehd), Bizkaia, Spain.
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6
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Ma JT, Xia S, Zhang BK, Luo F, Guo L, Yang Y, Gong H, Yan M. The pharmacology and mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine in promoting liver regeneration: A new therapeutic option. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 116:154893. [PMID: 37236047 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The liver is renowned for its remarkable regenerative capacity to restore its structure, size and function after various types of liver injury. However, in patients with end-stage liver disease, the regenerative capacity is inhibited and liver transplantation is the only option. Considering the limitations of liver transplantation, promoting liver regeneration is suggested as a new therapeutic strategy for liver disease. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a long history of preventing and treating various liver diseases, and some of them have been proven to be effective in promoting liver regeneration, suggesting the therapeutic potential in liver diseases. PURPOSE This review aims to summarize the molecular mechanisms of liver regeneration and the pro-regenerative activity and mechanism of TCM formulas, extracts and active ingredients. METHODS We conducted a systematic search in PubMed, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library databases using "TCM", "liver regeneration" or their synonyms as keywords, and classified and summarized the retrieved literature. The PRISMA guidelines were followed. RESULTS Forty-one research articles met the themes of this review and previous critical studies were also reviewed to provide essential background information. Current evidences indicate that various TCM formulas, extracts and active ingredients have the effect on stimulating liver regeneration through modulating JAK/STAT, Hippo, PI3K/Akt and other signaling pathways. Besides, the mechanisms of liver regeneration, the limitation of existing studies and the application prospect of TCM to promote liver regeneration are also outlined and discussed in this review. CONCLUSION This review supports TCM as new potential therapeutic options for promoting liver regeneration and repair of the failing liver, although extensive pharmacokinetic and toxicological studies, as well as elaborate clinical trials, are still needed to demonstrate safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ting Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China; International Research Center for Precision Medicine, Transformative Technology and Software Services, Changsha, China
| | - Shuang Xia
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China; International Research Center for Precision Medicine, Transformative Technology and Software Services, Changsha, China
| | - Bi-Kui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China; International Research Center for Precision Medicine, Transformative Technology and Software Services, Changsha, China
| | - Fen Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China; International Research Center for Precision Medicine, Transformative Technology and Software Services, Changsha, China
| | - Lin Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China; International Research Center for Precision Medicine, Transformative Technology and Software Services, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China; International Research Center for Precision Medicine, Transformative Technology and Software Services, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Gong
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China; International Research Center for Precision Medicine, Transformative Technology and Software Services, Changsha, China.
| | - Miao Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China; International Research Center for Precision Medicine, Transformative Technology and Software Services, Changsha, China.
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7
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Hong OK, Kim ES, Son JW, Kim SR, Yoo SJ, Kwon HS, Lee SS. Alcohol-induced increase in BMP levels promotes fatty liver disease in male prediabetic stage Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rats. J Cell Biochem 2023; 124:459-472. [PMID: 36791312 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol consumption exacerbates liver abnormalities in animal models, but whether it increases the severity of liver disease in early diabetic or prediabetic rats is unclear. To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying alcohol-induced liver steatosis or hepatitis, we used a prediabetic animal model. Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) and Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (LETO) rats were pair-fed with an ethanol-containing liquid diet for 6 weeks. Compared with controls, OLETF and LETO rats displayed more pronounced liver steatosis and higher plasma levels of serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SPGT), indicating liver injury. Ethanol-fed LETO (Pd-L-E) rats showed mild liver steatosis and no inflammation compared with ethanol-fed OLETF (Pd-O-E) rats. Although precursor and active SREBP-1 levels in the liver of ethanol-fed OLETF rats significantly increased compared with control diet-fed OLETF rats (Pd-O-C), those of Pd-L-E rats did not. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and TGF-β1 balance in Pd-O-E rats was significantly altered because BMP signaling was upregulated by inducing BMP2, BMP4, BMP7, BMP9, Smad1, and Smad4, whereas TGF-β1, Smad3, and Erk were downregulated. Activation of TGF-β/Smad signaling inhibited BMP2 and BMP9 expression and increased epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) marker levels (Hepcidin, Snail, and Twist) in the liver of LETO rats. Livers of ethanol-fed OLETF rats showed increased levels of vimentin, FSP-1, α-SMA, MMP1, MMP13, and collagen III compared with rats of other groups, whereas EMT marker levels did not change. Thus, BMP exerted anti- and/or pro-fibrotic effects in ethanol-fed rats. Therefore, BMP and TGF-β, two key members of the TGF-β superfamily, play important but diverse roles in liver steatosis in young LETO and OLETF rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oak-Kee Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Sook Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Won Son
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Rae Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Jib Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk-Sang Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Su Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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8
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Song YS, Annalora AJ, Marcus CB, Jefcoate CR, Sorenson CM, Sheibani N. Cytochrome P450 1B1: A Key Regulator of Ocular Iron Homeostasis and Oxidative Stress. Cells 2022; 11:2930. [PMID: 36230892 PMCID: PMC9563809 DOI: 10.3390/cells11192930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1B1 belongs to the superfamily of heme-containing monooxygenases. Unlike other CYP enzymes, which are highly expressed in the liver, CYP1B1 is predominantly found in extrahepatic tissues, such as the brain, and ocular tissues including retina and trabecular meshwork. CYP1B1 metabolizes exogenous chemicals such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. CYP1B1 also metabolizes endogenous bioactive compounds including estradiol and arachidonic acid. These metabolites impact various cellular and physiological processes during development and pathological processes. We previously showed that CYP1B1 deficiency mitigates ischemia-mediated retinal neovascularization and drives the trabecular meshwork dysgenesis through increased levels of oxidative stress. However, the underlying mechanisms responsible for CYP1B1-deficiency-mediated increased oxidative stress remain largely unresolved. Iron is an essential element and utilized as a cofactor in a variety of enzymes. However, excess iron promotes the production of hydroxyl radicals, lipid peroxidation, increased oxidative stress, and cell damage. The retinal endothelium is recognized as a major component of the blood-retinal barrier, which controls ocular iron levels through the modulation of proteins involved in iron regulation present in retinal endothelial cells, as well as other ocular cell types including trabecular meshwork cells. We previously showed increased levels of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation in the absence of CYP1B1, and in the retinal vasculature and trabecular meshwork, which was reversed by administration of antioxidant N-acetylcysteine. Here, we review the important role CYP1B1 expression and activity play in maintaining retinal redox homeostasis through the modulation of iron levels by retinal endothelial cells. The relationship between CYP1B1 expression and activity and iron levels has not been previously delineated. We review the potential significance of CYP1B1 expression, estrogen metabolism, and hepcidin-ferroportin regulatory axis in the local regulation of ocular iron levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Seok Song
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Andrew J. Annalora
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Organ State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Craig B. Marcus
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Organ State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Colin R. Jefcoate
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Christine M. Sorenson
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Nader Sheibani
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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9
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Stavropoulos A, Divolis G, Manioudaki M, Gavriil A, Kloukina I, Perrea DN, Sountoulidis A, Ford E, Doulou A, Apostolidou A, Katsantoni E, Ritvos O, Germanidis G, Xilouri M, Sideras P. Coordinated activation of TGF-β and BMP pathways promotes autophagy and limits liver injury after acetaminophen intoxication. Sci Signal 2022; 15:eabn4395. [PMID: 35763560 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abn4395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Ligands of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily, including TGF-βs, activins, and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), have been implicated in hepatic development, homeostasis, and pathophysiology. We explored the mechanisms by which hepatocytes decode and integrate injury-induced signaling from TGF-βs and activins (TGF-β/Activin) and BMPs. We mapped the spatiotemporal patterns of pathway activation during liver injury induced by acetaminophen (APAP) in dual reporter mice carrying a fluorescent reporter of TGF-β/Activin signaling and a fluorescent reporter of BMP signaling. APAP intoxication induced the expression of both reporters in a zone of cells near areas of tissue damage, which showed an increase in autophagy and demarcated the borders between healthy and injured tissues. Inhibition of TGF-β superfamily signaling by overexpressing the inhibitor Smad7 exacerbated acute liver histopathology but eventually accelerated tissue recovery. Transcriptomic analysis identified autophagy as a process stimulated by TGF-β1 and BMP4 in hepatocytes, with Trp53inp2, which encodes a rate-limiting factor for autophagy initiation, as the most highly induced autophagy-related gene. Collectively, these findings illustrate the functional interconnectivity of the TGF-β superfamily signaling system, implicate the coordinated activation of TGF-β/Activin and BMP pathways in balancing tissue reparatory and regenerative processes upon APAP-induced hepatotoxicity, and highlight opportunities and potential risks associated with targeting this signaling system for treating hepatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Stavropoulos
- Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Divolis
- Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Manioudaki
- Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ariana Gavriil
- Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ismini Kloukina
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Despina N Perrea
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research N.S. Christeas, Athens University Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandros Sountoulidis
- Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ethan Ford
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasia Doulou
- Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia Apostolidou
- Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Elena Katsantoni
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Olli Ritvos
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Georgios Germanidis
- First Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Medicine, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Xilouri
- Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Paschalis Sideras
- Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
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10
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Mleczko‐Sanecka K, Silvestri L. Cell-type-specific insights into iron regulatory processes. Am J Hematol 2021; 96:110-127. [PMID: 32945012 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.26001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite its essential role in many biological processes, iron is toxic when in excess due to its propensity to generate reactive oxygen species. To prevent diseases associated with iron deficiency or iron loading, iron homeostasis must be tightly controlled. Intracellular iron content is regulated by the Iron Regulatory Element-Iron Regulatory Protein (IRE-IRP) system, whereas systemic iron availability is adjusted to body iron needs chiefly by the hepcidin-ferroportin (FPN) axis. Here, we aimed to review advances in the field that shed light on cell-type-specific regulatory mechanisms that control or modify systemic and local iron balance, and how shifts in cellular iron levels may affect specialized cell functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Silvestri
- Regulation of Iron Metabolism Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute Milan Italy
- Vita‐Salute San Raffaele University Milan Italy
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11
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Horn P, Newsome PN. Emerging therapeutic targets for NASH: key innovations at the preclinical level. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2020; 24:175-186. [PMID: 32053033 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2020.1728742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a globally emerging health problem, mainly caused by increasing trends in the prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome. Patients with NASH are mainly affected by cardiovascular risk and extrahepatic cancer, but a significant proportion of patients will develop advanced liver disease, eventually resulting in liver failure or hepatocellular carcinoma. Recent research has yielded a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms and potential targetability for drug development.Areas covered: This review focuses on the role of fructose metabolism, de novo lipogenesis (DNL), endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, NLRP3 inflammasome, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling and platelets in the pathophysiology of NASH. We discuss the suitability of these substrates for targeting liver disease as well as cardiovascular health in patients with NASH. A non-systematic literature search was performed on PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov.Expert opinion: Targeting fructose metabolism, DNL, ER stress, NLRP3 inflammasome, BMP signaling and platelets are promising therapeutic strategies, warranting further preclinical and clinical investigation. The discussed approaches might not only benefit liver-related outcomes but improve cardiovascular disease as well. Amidst the euphoria of advances in drug development for NASH, parallel endeavors need to address the underlying causes of obesity and metabolic syndrome to prevent NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Horn
- National Institute for Health Research Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre at University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Liver Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Phlip N Newsome
- National Institute for Health Research Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre at University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Liver Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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12
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GDF11 impairs liver regeneration in mice after partial hepatectomy. Clin Sci (Lond) 2019; 133:2069-2084. [PMID: 31654062 DOI: 10.1042/cs20190441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AbstractGrowth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) is a member of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β superfamily. The rejuvenative effect of GDF11 has been called into question recently, and its role in liver regeneration is unclear. Here, we investigated the pathophysiologic role of GDF11, as well as its plausible signaling mechanisms in a mouse model of partial hepatectomy (PH). We demonstrated that both serum and hepatic GDF11 protein expression increased following PH. Treatment with adeno-associated viruses-GDF11 and recombinant GDF11 protein severely impaired liver regeneration, whereas inhibition of GDF11 activity with neutralizing antibodies significantly improved liver regeneration after PH. In vitro, GDF11 treatment significantly delayed cell proliferation and induced cell-cycle arrest in α mouse liver 12 (AML12) cells. Moreover, GDF11 activated TGF-β-SMAD2/3 signaling pathway. Inhibition of GDF11-induced SMAD2/3 activity significantly blocked GDF11-mediated reduction in cell proliferation both in vivo and in vitro. In the clinical setting, GDF11 levels were significantly elevated in patients after hepatectomy. Collectively, these results indicate that rather than a ‘rejuvenating’ agent, GDF11 impairs liver regeneration after PH. Suppression of cell-cycle progression via TGF-β-SMAD2/3 signaling pathway may be a key mechanism by which GDF11 inhibits liver regeneration.
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13
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Liu A, Dong W, Peng J, Dirsch O, Dahmen U, Fang H, Zhang C, Sun J. Growth differentiation factor 11 worsens hepatocellular injury and liver regeneration after liver ischemia reperfusion injury. FASEB J 2018; 32:5186-5198. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800195r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anding Liu
- Experimental Medicine CenterTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Wei Dong
- Hepatic Surgery CenterTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Jing Peng
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Olaf Dirsch
- Institute of PathologyKlinikum ChemnitzChemnitzGermany
| | - Uta Dahmen
- Experimental Transplantation SurgeryDepartment of Generalm, Visceral, and Vascular SurgeryFriedrich-Schiller-University JenaJenaGermany
| | - Haoshu Fang
- Department of PathophysiologyAnhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Cuntai Zhang
- Department of GeriatricsTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Biliopancreatic Surgery Sun Yat-sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene RegulationSun Yat-sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
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14
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Herrera B, Addante A, Sánchez A. BMP Signalling at the Crossroad of Liver Fibrosis and Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 19:ijms19010039. [PMID: 29295498 PMCID: PMC5795989 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) belong to the Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) family. Initially identified due to their ability to induce bone formation, they are now known to have multiple functions in a variety of tissues, being critical not only during development for tissue morphogenesis and organogenesis but also during adult tissue homeostasis. This review focus on the liver as a target tissue for BMPs actions, devoting most efforts to summarize our knowledge on their recently recognized and/or emerging roles on regulation of the liver regenerative response to various insults, either acute or chronic and their effects on development and progression of liver fibrosis in different pathological conditions. In an attempt to provide the basis for guiding research efforts in this field both the more solid and more controversial areas of research were highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Herrera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Annalisa Addante
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Aránzazu Sánchez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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15
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Choi TY, Khaliq M, Tsurusaki S, Ninov N, Stainier DY, Tanaka M, Shin D. Bone morphogenetic protein signaling governs biliary-driven liver regeneration in zebrafish through tbx2b and id2a. Hepatology 2017; 66:1616-1630. [PMID: 28599080 PMCID: PMC5650528 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Upon mild liver injury, new hepatocytes originate from preexisting hepatocytes. However, if hepatocyte proliferation is impaired, a manifestation of severe liver injury, biliary epithelial cells (BECs) contribute to new hepatocytes through BEC dedifferentiation into liver progenitor cells (LPCs), also termed oval cells or hepatoblast-like cells (HB-LCs), and subsequent differentiation into hepatocytes. Despite the identification of several factors regulating BEC dedifferentiation and activation, little is known about factors involved in the regulation of LPC differentiation into hepatocytes during liver regeneration. Using a zebrafish model of near-complete hepatocyte ablation, we show that bone morphogenetic protein (Bmp) signaling is required for BEC conversion to hepatocytes, particularly for LPC differentiation into hepatocytes. We found that severe liver injury led to the up-regulation of genes involved in Bmp signaling, including smad5, tbx2b, and id2a, in the liver. Bmp suppression did not block BEC dedifferentiation into HB-LCs; however, the differentiation of HB-LCs into hepatocytes was impaired due to the maintenance of HB-LCs in an undifferentiated state. Later Bmp suppression did not affect HB-LC differentiation but increased BEC number through proliferation. Notably, smad5, tbx2b, and id2a mutants exhibited similar liver regeneration defects as those observed in Bmp-suppressed livers. Moreover, BMP2 addition promoted the differentiation of a murine LPC line into hepatocytes in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Bmp signaling regulates BEC-driven liver regeneration through smad5, tbx2b, and id2a: it regulates HB-LC differentiation into hepatocytes through tbx2b and BEC proliferation through id2a; our findings provide insights into promoting innate liver regeneration as a novel therapy. (Hepatology 2017;66:1616-1630).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Young Choi
- Department of Developmental Biology, Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Mehwish Khaliq
- Department of Developmental Biology, Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Shinya Tsurusaki
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nikolay Ninov
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Programs in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Genetics and Human Genetics, Diabetes Center, and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA,Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Didier Y.R. Stainier
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Programs in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Genetics and Human Genetics, Diabetes Center, and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA,Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Minoru Tanaka
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Donghun Shin
- Department of Developmental Biology, Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA,Correspondence: Donghun Shin, 3501 5 Ave. #5063 Pittsburgh, PA 15260, 1-412-624-2144 (phone), 1-412-383-2211 (fax),
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16
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Liver Regeneration: Analysis of the Main Relevant Signaling Molecules. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:4256352. [PMID: 28947857 PMCID: PMC5602614 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4256352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver regeneration is a highly organized tissue regrowth process and is the most important reaction of the liver to injury. The overall process of liver regeneration includes three phases: priming stage, proliferative phase, and termination phase. The initial step aims to induce hepatocytes to be sensitive to growth factors with the aid of some cytokines, including TNF-α and IL-6. The proliferation phase promotes hepatocytes to re-enter G1 with the stimulation of growth factors. While during the termination stage, hepatocytes will discontinue to proliferate to maintain normal liver mass and function. Except for cytokine- and growth factor-mediated pathways involved in regulating liver regeneration, new substances and technologies emerge to influence the regenerative process. Here, we reviewed novel and important signaling molecules involved in the process of liver regeneration to provide a cue for further research.
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17
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Goto F, Kakinuma S, Miyoshi M, Tsunoda T, Kaneko S, Sato A, Asano Y, Otani S, Azuma S, Nagata H, Kawai-Kitahata F, Murakawa M, Nitta S, Itsui Y, Nakagawa M, Asahina Y, Watanabe M. Bone morphogenetic protein-4 modulates proliferation and terminal differentiation of fetal hepatic stem/progenitor cells. Hepatol Res 2017; 47:941-952. [PMID: 27670640 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Fetal hepatic stem/progenitor cells, called hepatoblasts, play central roles in liver organogenesis; however, molecular mechanisms regulating proliferation and terminal differentiation of such cells have not been completely elucidated. Bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP-4) is essential for the development of stem cells in various tissues, but its function in regulating the phenotype of hepatoblasts after the mid-gestational fetal stage remains unclear. The aim of this study is to clarify a functional role for BMP-4 in proliferation and terminal differentiation of murine hepatoblasts in mid-gestational fetal livers. METHODS A functional role for BMP-4 in proliferation and terminal differentiation of murine hepatoblasts was validated by assay of colony formation, biliary luminal formation, and hepatic maturation using primary hepatoblasts in vitro. Molecular mechanisms regulating such effects of BMP-4 on primary hepatoblasts were also analyzed. RESULTS Stimulation of BMP-4 upregulated phosphorylation of Smad1/5 in hepatoblasts. Bone morphogenetic protein-4 significantly suppressed colony formation of primary hepatoblasts in a dose-dependent manner, significantly suppressed cholangiocytic luminal formation of hepatoblasts, and promoted hepatic maturation of primary hepatoblasts. Stimulation of BMP-4 regulated the activation of several mitogen-activated protein kinases, such as extracellular signal-regulated kinase, Akt, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIα in primary hepatoblasts. Moreover, Wnt5a, a molecule regulating cholangiocytic luminal formation, and BMP-4 coordinately suppressed proliferation and cholangiocytic luminal formation of hepatoblasts. CONCLUSION This study shows that BMP-4-mediated signaling controls proliferation and terminal differentiation of fetal hepatic stem/progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumio Goto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sei Kakinuma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department for Liver Disease Control, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato Miyoshi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Tsunoda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shun Kaneko
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayako Sato
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu Asano
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Otani
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seishin Azuma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroko Nagata
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fukiko Kawai-Kitahata
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miyako Murakawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sayuri Nitta
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Itsui
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mina Nakagawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Asahina
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department for Liver Disease Control, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mamoru Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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18
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Rao S, Zaidi S, Banerjee J, Jogunoori W, Sebastian R, Mishra B, Nguyen BN, Wu RC, White J, Deng C, Amdur R, Li S, Mishra L. Transforming growth factor-β in liver cancer stem cells and regeneration. Hepatol Commun 2017; 1:477-493. [PMID: 29404474 PMCID: PMC5678904 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells have established mechanisms that contribute to tumor heterogeneity as well as resistance to therapy. Over 40% of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) are considered to be clonal and arise from a stem-like/cancer stem cell. Moreover, HCC is the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide, and an improved understanding of cancer stem cells and targeting these in this cancer are urgently needed. Multiple studies have revealed etiological patterns and multiple genes/pathways signifying initiation and progression of HCC; however, unlike the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) pathway, loss of p53 and/or activation of β-catenin do not spontaneously drive HCC in animal models. Despite many advances in cancer genetics that include identifying the dominant role of TGF-β signaling in gastrointestinal cancers, we have not reached an integrated view of genetic mutations, copy number changes, driver pathways, and animal models that support effective targeted therapies for these common and lethal cancers. Moreover, pathways involved in stem cell transformation into gastrointestinal cancers remain largely undefined. Identifying the key mechanisms and developing models that reflect the human disease can lead to effective new treatment strategies. In this review, we dissect the evidence obtained from mouse and human liver regeneration, and mouse genetics, to provide insight into the role of TGF-β in regulating the cancer stem cell niche. (Hepatology Communications 2017;1:477-493).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyun Rao
- Center for Translational Medicine Department of Surgery, George Washington University Washington DC
| | - Sobia Zaidi
- Center for Translational Medicine Department of Surgery, George Washington University Washington DC
| | - Jaideep Banerjee
- Center for Translational Medicine Department of Surgery, George Washington University Washington DC
| | - Wilma Jogunoori
- Center for Translational Medicine Department of Surgery, George Washington University Washington DC
| | - Raul Sebastian
- Center for Translational Medicine Department of Surgery, George Washington University Washington DC
| | - Bibhuti Mishra
- Center for Translational Medicine Department of Surgery, George Washington University Washington DC.,Institute for Clinical Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center Washington DC
| | - Bao-Ngoc Nguyen
- Center for Translational Medicine Department of Surgery, George Washington University Washington DC
| | - Ray-Chang Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine George Washington University Washington DC
| | - Jon White
- Institute for Clinical Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center Washington DC
| | - Chuxia Deng
- Center for Translational Medicine Department of Surgery, George Washington University Washington DC.,Health Sciences University of Macau Taipa Macau China
| | - Richard Amdur
- Center for Translational Medicine Department of Surgery, George Washington University Washington DC
| | - Shulin Li
- Department of Pediatrics The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston TX
| | - Lopa Mishra
- Center for Translational Medicine Department of Surgery, George Washington University Washington DC.,Institute for Clinical Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center Washington DC
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19
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Oya Y, Masuzaki R, Tsugawa D, Ray KC, Dou Y, Karp SJ. Dicer-dependent production of microRNA221 in hepatocytes inhibits p27 and is required for liver regeneration in mice. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2017; 312:G464-G473. [PMID: 28232457 PMCID: PMC5451560 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00383.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Dicer processes microRNAs (miRs) into active forms in a wide variety of tissues, including the liver. To determine the role of Dicer in liver regeneration, we performed a series of in vivo and in vitro studies in a murine 2/3 hepatectomy model. Dicer was downregulated after 2/3 hepatectomy, and loss of Dicer inhibited liver regeneration associated with decreased cyclin A2 and miR-221, as well as increased levels of the cell cycle inhibitor p27. In vitro, miR-221 inhibited p27 production in primary hepatocytes and increased hepatocyte proliferation. Specific reconstitution of miR-221 in hepatocyte-specific Dicer-null mice inhibited p27 and restored liver regeneration. In wild type mice, targeted inhibition of miR-221 using a cholesterol-conjugated miR-221 inhibited hepatocyte proliferation after 2/3 hepatectomy. These results identify Dicer production of miR-221 as an essential component of a miRNA-dependent mechanism for suppression of p27 that controls the rate of hepatocyte proliferation after partial hepatectomy.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our findings demonstrate a direct role for microRNAs in controlling the rate of liver regeneration after injury. By deleting Dicer, an enzyme responsible for processing microRNAs into mature forms, we determined miR-221 is a critical microRNA in the physiological process of restoration of liver mass after injury. miR-221 suppresses p27, releasing its inhibitory effects on hepatocyte proliferation. Pharmaceuticals based on miR-221 may be useful to modulate hepatocyte proliferation in the setting of liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Oya
- 1Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and
| | - Ryota Masuzaki
- 1Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and
| | - Daisuke Tsugawa
- 1Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and
| | - Kevin C. Ray
- 1Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and
| | - Yongchao Dou
- 2Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Seth J. Karp
- 1Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and
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20
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Lei KF, Chang CH, Chen MJ. Paper/PMMA Hybrid 3D Cell Culture Microfluidic Platform for the Study of Cellular Crosstalk. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:13092-13101. [PMID: 28353331 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b03021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Studying cellular crosstalk is important for understanding tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. Moreover, a three-dimensional (3D) cell culture model can provide a more physiologically meaningful culture microenvironment. However, studying cellular crosstalk in a 3D cell culture model involves tedious processing. In this study, a paper/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) hybrid 3D cell culture microfluidic platform was successfully developed for the study of cellular crosstalk. The platform was a paper substrate with culture microreactors placed on a PMMA substrate with hydrogel-infused channels. Different types of cells were directly seeded and cultured in the microreactors. Aberrant cell proliferation of the affected cells was induced by secretions from transfected cells, and the proliferation ratios were investigated using a colorimetric method. The results showed that the responses of cellular crosstalk were different in different types of cells. Moreover, neutralizing and competitive assays were performed to show the functionality of the platform. Additionally, the triggered signaling pathways of the affected cells were directly analyzed by a subsequent immunoassay. The microfluidic platform provides a simple method for studying cellular crosstalk and the corresponding signaling pathways in a 3D culture model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kin Fong Lei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch , Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
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21
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Xu EG, Mager EM, Grosell M, Hazard ES, Hardiman G, Schlenk D. Novel transcriptome assembly and comparative toxicity pathway analysis in mahi-mahi (Coryphaena hippurus) embryos and larvae exposed to Deepwater Horizon oil. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44546. [PMID: 28295044 PMCID: PMC5353654 DOI: 10.1038/srep44546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The impacts of Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil on morphology and function during embryonic development have been documented for a number of fish species, including the economically and ecologically important pelagic species, mahi-mahi (Coryphaena hippurus). However, further investigations on molecular events and pathways responsible for developmental toxicity have been largely restricted due to the limited molecular data available for this species. We sought to establish the de novo transcriptomic database from the embryos and larvae of mahi-mahi exposed to water accommodated fractions (HEWAFs) of two DWH oil types (weathered and source oil), in an effort to advance our understanding of the molecular aspects involved during specific toxicity responses. By high throughput sequencing (HTS), we obtained the first de novo transcriptome of mahi-mahi, with 60,842 assembled transcripts and 30,518 BLAST hits. Among them, 2,345 genes were significantly regulated in 96hpf larvae after exposure to weathered oil. With comparative analysis to a reference-transcriptome-guided approach on gene ontology and tox-pathways, we confirmed the novel approach effective for exploring tox-pathways in non-model species, and also identified a list of co-expressed genes as potential biomarkers which will provide information for the construction of an Adverse Outcome Pathway which could be useful in Ecological Risk Assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvis Genbo Xu
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Edward M Mager
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Martin Grosell
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33149, USA
| | - E Starr Hazard
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29403, USA.,Computational Biology Resource Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29403, USA
| | - Gary Hardiman
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29403, USA.,Departments of Medicine &Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29403, USA.,Laboratory for Marine Systems Biology, Hollings Marine Laboratory, Charleston, SC 29412, USA
| | - Daniel Schlenk
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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22
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Kocsis T, Trencsenyi G, Szabo K, Baan JA, Muller G, Mendler L, Garai I, Reinauer H, Deak F, Dux L, Keller-Pinter A. Myostatin propeptide mutation of the hypermuscular Compact mice decreases the formation of myostatin and improves insulin sensitivity. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2017; 312:E150-E160. [PMID: 27965203 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00216.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The TGFβ family member myostatin (growth/differentiation factor-8) is a negative regulator of skeletal muscle growth. The hypermuscular Compact mice carry the 12-bp Mstn(Cmpt-dl1Abc) deletion in the sequence encoding the propeptide region of the precursor promyostatin, and additional modifier genes of the Compact genetic background contribute to determine the full expression of the phenotype. In this study, by using mice strains carrying mutant or wild-type myostatin alleles with the Compact genetic background and nonmutant myostatin with the wild-type background, we studied separately the effect of the Mstn(Cmpt-dl1Abc) mutation or the Compact genetic background on morphology, metabolism, and signaling. We show that both the Compact myostatin mutation and Compact genetic background account for determination of skeletal muscle size. Despite the increased musculature of Compacts, the absolute size of heart and kidney is not influenced by myostatin mutation; however, the Compact genetic background increases them. Both Compact myostatin and genetic background exhibit systemic metabolic effects. The Compact mutation decreases adiposity and improves whole body glucose uptake, insulin sensitivity, and 18FDG uptake of skeletal muscle and white adipose tissue, whereas the Compact genetic background has the opposite effect. Importantly, the mutation does not prevent the formation of mature myostatin; however, a decrease in myostatin level was observed, leading to altered activation of Smad2, Smad1/5/8, and Akt, and an increased level of p-AS160, a Rab-GTPase-activating protein responsible for GLUT4 translocation. Based on our analysis, the Compact genetic background strengthens the effect of myostatin mutation on muscle mass, but those can compensate for each other when systemic metabolic effects are compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamas Kocsis
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Kitti Szabo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Julia Aliz Baan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Geza Muller
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Luca Mendler
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | | | - Ferenc Deak
- Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Laszlo Dux
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Aniko Keller-Pinter
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary;
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23
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Lotfinia M, Kadivar M, Piryaei A, Pournasr B, Sardari S, Sodeifi N, Sayahpour FA, Baharvand H. Effect of Secreted Molecules of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Acute Hepatic Failure Model. Stem Cells Dev 2016; 25:1898-1908. [PMID: 27676103 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2016.0244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) show tremendous promise for a wide array of therapeutic applications predominantly through paracrine activity. Recent reports showed that human embryonic stem cell (ESC)-derived MSCs are an alternative for regenerative cellular therapy due to manufacturing large quantities of MSCs from a single donor. However, no study has been reported to uncover the secretome of human ESC-MSCs as treatment of an acute liver failure (ALF) mouse model. We demonstrated that human ESC-MSCs showed similar morphology and cell surface markers compared with bone marrow-derived MSCs. ESC-MSCs exhibited a higher growth rate during early in vitro expansion, along with adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation potential. Treatment with ESC-MSC-conditioned medium (CM) led to statistically significant enhancement of primary hepatocyte viability and increased immunomodulatory interleukin-10 secretion from lipopolysaccharide-induced human blood mononuclear cells. Analysis of the MSCs secretome by a protein array screen showed an association between higher frequencies of secretory proteins such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and regulation of cell proliferation, cell migration, the development process, immune system process, and apoptosis. In this thioacetamide-induced mouse model of acute liver injury, we observed that systemic infusion of VEGF led to significant survival. These data have provided the first experimental evidence of the therapeutic potential of human ESC-MSC-derived molecules. These molecules show trophic support to hepatocytes, which potentially creates new avenues for the treatment of ALF, as an inflammatory condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Lotfinia
- 1 Biochemistry Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Kadivar
- 1 Biochemistry Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Piryaei
- 2 Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology , ACECR, Tehran, Iran .,3 Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Behshad Pournasr
- 2 Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology , ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soroush Sardari
- 4 Drug Design and Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloofar Sodeifi
- 2 Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology , ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Forugh-Azam Sayahpour
- 2 Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology , ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- 2 Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology , ACECR, Tehran, Iran .,5 Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture , Tehran, Iran
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24
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Yang L, Wang Y, Shi Y, Bu H, Ye F. Deletion of SIP1 promotes liver regeneration and lipid accumulation. Pathol Res Pract 2016; 212:421-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2016.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2015] [Revised: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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25
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Masuzaki R, Zhao S, Valerius MT, Tsugawa D, Oya Y, Ray KC, Karp SJ. SOCS2 Balances Metabolic and Restorative Requirements during Liver Regeneration. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:3346-58. [PMID: 26703468 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.703264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
After significant injury, the liver must maintain homeostasis during the regenerative process. We hypothesized the existence of mechanisms to limit hepatocyte proliferation after injury to maintain metabolic and synthetic function. A screen for candidates revealed suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 (SOCS2), an inhibitor of growth hormone (GH) signaling, was strongly induced after partial hepatectomy. Using genetic deletion and administration of various factors we investigated the role of SOCS2 during liver regeneration. SOCS2 preserves liver function by restraining the first round of hepatocyte proliferation after partial hepatectomy by preventing increases in growth hormone receptor (GHR) via ubiquitination, suppressing GH pathway activity. At later times, SOCS2 enhances hepatocyte proliferation by modulating a decrease in serum insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) that allows GH release from the pituitary. SOCS2, therefore, plays a dual role in modulating the rate of hepatocyte proliferation. In particular, this is the first demonstration of an endogenous mechanism to limit hepatocyte proliferation after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Masuzaki
- From the Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Sophia Zhao
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - M Todd Valerius
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - Daisuke Tsugawa
- From the Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Yuki Oya
- From the Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Kevin C Ray
- From the Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Seth J Karp
- From the Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232,
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26
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Tsugawa D, Oya Y, Masuzaki R, Ray K, Engers DW, Dib M, Do N, Kuramitsu K, Ho K, Frist A, Yu PB, Bloch KD, Lindsley CW, Hopkins CR, Hong CC, Karp SJ. Specific activin receptor-like kinase 3 inhibitors enhance liver regeneration. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2014; 351:549-58. [PMID: 25271257 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.114.216903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacologic agents to enhance liver regeneration after injury would have wide therapeutic application. Based on previous work suggesting inhibition of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling stimulates liver regeneration, we tested known and novel BMP inhibitors for their ability to accelerate regeneration in a partial hepatectomy (PH) model. Compounds were produced based on the 3,6-disubstituted pyrazolo[1,5-a] pyrimidine core of the BMP antagonist dorsomorphin and evaluated for their ability to inhibit BMP signaling and enhance liver regeneration. Antagonists of the BMP receptor activin receptor-like kinase 3 (ALK3), including LDN-193189 (LDN; 4-[6-[4-(1-piperazinyl)phenyl]pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-3-yl]-quinoline), DMH2 (4-(2-(4-(3-(quinolin-4-yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-6-yl)phenoxy)ethyl)morpholine; VU0364849), and the novel compound VU0465350 (7-(4-isopropoxyphenyl)-3-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine; VU5350), blocked SMAD phosphorylation in vitro and in vivo, and enhanced liver regeneration after PH. In contrast, an antagonist of the BMP receptor ALK2, VU0469381 (5-(6-(4-methoxyphenyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-3-yl)quinolone; 1LWY), did not affect liver regeneration. LDN did not affect liver synthetic or metabolic function. Mechanistically, LDN increased serum interleukin-6 levels and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 phosphorylation in the liver, and modulated other factors known to be important for liver regeneration, including suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 and p53. These findings suggest that inhibition of ALK3 may be part of a therapeutic strategy for treating human liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Tsugawa
- The Transplant Center and Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee (D.T., Y.O., R.M., K.R., S.J.K.); Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Nashville, Tennessee (D.W.E., C.W.L., C.R.H.); Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts (M.D., N.D.); Department of Surgery, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan (K.K.); Department of Surgery (K.H.), and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (P.B.Y.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (K.D.B.); Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee (C.W.L.); and Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee (A.F., C.C.H.)
| | - Yuki Oya
- The Transplant Center and Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee (D.T., Y.O., R.M., K.R., S.J.K.); Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Nashville, Tennessee (D.W.E., C.W.L., C.R.H.); Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts (M.D., N.D.); Department of Surgery, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan (K.K.); Department of Surgery (K.H.), and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (P.B.Y.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (K.D.B.); Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee (C.W.L.); and Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee (A.F., C.C.H.)
| | - Ryota Masuzaki
- The Transplant Center and Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee (D.T., Y.O., R.M., K.R., S.J.K.); Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Nashville, Tennessee (D.W.E., C.W.L., C.R.H.); Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts (M.D., N.D.); Department of Surgery, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan (K.K.); Department of Surgery (K.H.), and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (P.B.Y.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (K.D.B.); Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee (C.W.L.); and Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee (A.F., C.C.H.)
| | - Kevin Ray
- The Transplant Center and Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee (D.T., Y.O., R.M., K.R., S.J.K.); Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Nashville, Tennessee (D.W.E., C.W.L., C.R.H.); Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts (M.D., N.D.); Department of Surgery, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan (K.K.); Department of Surgery (K.H.), and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (P.B.Y.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (K.D.B.); Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee (C.W.L.); and Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee (A.F., C.C.H.)
| | - Darren W Engers
- The Transplant Center and Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee (D.T., Y.O., R.M., K.R., S.J.K.); Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Nashville, Tennessee (D.W.E., C.W.L., C.R.H.); Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts (M.D., N.D.); Department of Surgery, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan (K.K.); Department of Surgery (K.H.), and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (P.B.Y.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (K.D.B.); Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee (C.W.L.); and Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee (A.F., C.C.H.)
| | - Martin Dib
- The Transplant Center and Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee (D.T., Y.O., R.M., K.R., S.J.K.); Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Nashville, Tennessee (D.W.E., C.W.L., C.R.H.); Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts (M.D., N.D.); Department of Surgery, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan (K.K.); Department of Surgery (K.H.), and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (P.B.Y.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (K.D.B.); Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee (C.W.L.); and Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee (A.F., C.C.H.)
| | - Nhue Do
- The Transplant Center and Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee (D.T., Y.O., R.M., K.R., S.J.K.); Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Nashville, Tennessee (D.W.E., C.W.L., C.R.H.); Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts (M.D., N.D.); Department of Surgery, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan (K.K.); Department of Surgery (K.H.), and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (P.B.Y.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (K.D.B.); Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee (C.W.L.); and Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee (A.F., C.C.H.)
| | - Kaori Kuramitsu
- The Transplant Center and Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee (D.T., Y.O., R.M., K.R., S.J.K.); Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Nashville, Tennessee (D.W.E., C.W.L., C.R.H.); Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts (M.D., N.D.); Department of Surgery, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan (K.K.); Department of Surgery (K.H.), and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (P.B.Y.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (K.D.B.); Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee (C.W.L.); and Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee (A.F., C.C.H.)
| | - Karen Ho
- The Transplant Center and Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee (D.T., Y.O., R.M., K.R., S.J.K.); Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Nashville, Tennessee (D.W.E., C.W.L., C.R.H.); Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts (M.D., N.D.); Department of Surgery, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan (K.K.); Department of Surgery (K.H.), and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (P.B.Y.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (K.D.B.); Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee (C.W.L.); and Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee (A.F., C.C.H.)
| | - Audrey Frist
- The Transplant Center and Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee (D.T., Y.O., R.M., K.R., S.J.K.); Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Nashville, Tennessee (D.W.E., C.W.L., C.R.H.); Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts (M.D., N.D.); Department of Surgery, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan (K.K.); Department of Surgery (K.H.), and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (P.B.Y.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (K.D.B.); Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee (C.W.L.); and Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee (A.F., C.C.H.)
| | - Paul B Yu
- The Transplant Center and Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee (D.T., Y.O., R.M., K.R., S.J.K.); Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Nashville, Tennessee (D.W.E., C.W.L., C.R.H.); Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts (M.D., N.D.); Department of Surgery, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan (K.K.); Department of Surgery (K.H.), and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (P.B.Y.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (K.D.B.); Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee (C.W.L.); and Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee (A.F., C.C.H.)
| | - Kenneth D Bloch
- The Transplant Center and Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee (D.T., Y.O., R.M., K.R., S.J.K.); Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Nashville, Tennessee (D.W.E., C.W.L., C.R.H.); Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts (M.D., N.D.); Department of Surgery, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan (K.K.); Department of Surgery (K.H.), and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (P.B.Y.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (K.D.B.); Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee (C.W.L.); and Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee (A.F., C.C.H.)
| | - Craig W Lindsley
- The Transplant Center and Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee (D.T., Y.O., R.M., K.R., S.J.K.); Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Nashville, Tennessee (D.W.E., C.W.L., C.R.H.); Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts (M.D., N.D.); Department of Surgery, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan (K.K.); Department of Surgery (K.H.), and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (P.B.Y.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (K.D.B.); Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee (C.W.L.); and Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee (A.F., C.C.H.)
| | - Corey R Hopkins
- The Transplant Center and Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee (D.T., Y.O., R.M., K.R., S.J.K.); Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Nashville, Tennessee (D.W.E., C.W.L., C.R.H.); Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts (M.D., N.D.); Department of Surgery, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan (K.K.); Department of Surgery (K.H.), and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (P.B.Y.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (K.D.B.); Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee (C.W.L.); and Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee (A.F., C.C.H.)
| | - Charles C Hong
- The Transplant Center and Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee (D.T., Y.O., R.M., K.R., S.J.K.); Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Nashville, Tennessee (D.W.E., C.W.L., C.R.H.); Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts (M.D., N.D.); Department of Surgery, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan (K.K.); Department of Surgery (K.H.), and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (P.B.Y.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (K.D.B.); Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee (C.W.L.); and Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee (A.F., C.C.H.)
| | - Seth J Karp
- The Transplant Center and Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee (D.T., Y.O., R.M., K.R., S.J.K.); Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Nashville, Tennessee (D.W.E., C.W.L., C.R.H.); Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts (M.D., N.D.); Department of Surgery, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan (K.K.); Department of Surgery (K.H.), and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (P.B.Y.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (K.D.B.); Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee (C.W.L.); and Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee (A.F., C.C.H.)
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Intestinal mucosal barrier is injured by BMP2/4 via activation of NF-κB signals after ischemic reperfusion. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:901530. [PMID: 25132736 PMCID: PMC4124715 DOI: 10.1155/2014/901530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal ischemic reperfusion (I/R) can cause dysfunction of the intestinal mucosal barrier; however, the mechanism of the intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction caused by I/R remains unclear. In this study, using intestinal epithelial cells under anaerobic cultivation and an in vivo rat intestinal I/R model, we found that hypoxia and I/R increased the expression of BMP2/4 and upregulated BMP type Ia receptor and BMP type II receptor expression. We also found that exogenous BMP2/4 can activate the ERK and AKT signaling pathways in rat small intestine (IEC-6) cells, thereby activating NF-κB signaling, which leads to increased levels of inflammatory factors, such as TNF-α and IL-6. Furthermore, recombinant BMP2/4 decreased the expression of the tight junction protein occludin via the activation of the NF-κB pathway; these effects were abolished by treatment with the BMP-specific antagonist noggin or the NF-κB inhibitor pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC). All these factors can destroy the intestinal mucosal barrier, thereby leading to weaker barrier function. On the basis of these data, we conclude that BMP2/4 may act as the pathogenic basis for intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction when the intestines suffer an I/R injury. Our results provide background for the development pharmacologic interventions in the management of I/R injury.
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Sun Q, Xie Y, Wang G, Li J. Identification of genes in HepG2 cells that respond to DNA methylation and histone deacetylation inhibitor treatment. Exp Ther Med 2014; 8:813-817. [PMID: 25120605 PMCID: PMC4113545 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2014.1789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that epigenetics has an important role in the regulation of gene expression in cancer. Epigenetics is the study of reversible, heritable changes in gene function, which occur independently from changes in the DNA sequence. DNA methylation and histone deacetylation are the two most important epigenetic modifications. DNA methylation was one of the first discovered epigenetic modifications and it may lead to changes in chromatin structure, DNA conformation and DNA stability, thereby controlling gene expression. Sample data on the HepG2 cell line from the Gene Expression Omnibus database under GSE5230 accession number were obtained and GEOquery and the limma package were then used to analyze the data and identify differentially expressed genes using Gene Otology. This was conducted in order to investigate the effect on gene expression of inhibiting DNA methylation and histone deacetylation, and to explore the potential role of epigenetics in the development and treatment of hepatic carcinoma. It was found that inhibition of DNA methylation and histone deacetylation affected not only substance metabolism, but also the immune activity in HepG2 cells. Furthermore, common target sites for transcription factors were identified in the differentially expressed genes. It may be concluded that the inhibition of DNA methylation and histone deacetylation contributes to the treatment of hepatic carcinoma and may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of hepatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Sun
- General Surgery Department, The Second Artillery General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100088, P.R. China
| | - Yu Xie
- General Surgery Department, The Second Artillery General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100088, P.R. China
| | - Guojing Wang
- General Surgery Department, The Second Artillery General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100088, P.R. China
| | - Jidong Li
- Surgical Oncology Department, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
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29
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Potential roles of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-9 in human liver diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:5199-220. [PMID: 24670474 PMCID: PMC4013558 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15045199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP-2 to BMP-15) belong to the Transforming Growth Factor (TGF)-β superfamily and, besides their well-documented roles during embryogenesis and bone formation, some of them have recently been described to be involved in the pathogenesis of different organs, including the liver. The role of BMPs in liver damage responses including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development has only begun to be addressed and strong evidence supports the concept of a pro-tumorigenic role of BMP signaling in HCC cells. BMP-9 (also termed Growth and Differentiation Factor (GDF)-2) represents the most recently discovered member of the BMP family. We have previously demonstrated that in HCC patient samples BMP-9 expression was positively associated with the tumor seize (“T stage”) and that it enhanced cell migration and induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in HCC cells in vitro. In another study we recently found that BMP-9 promotes growth in HCC cells, but not in non-transformed hepatocytes. Published as well as unpublished results obtained with primary hepatocytes support the concept of a dual function of BMP-9 in the liver: while in primary, non-malignant cells BMP-9 stabilizes the epithelial phenotype and inhibits proliferation, in HCC cells it induces cell growth and the acquisition of a migratory phenotype. In this review article we summarize current knowledge about BMPs in liver diseases, with special focus on the role of BMP-9 in HCC development and progression, that may provide new clues for a better understanding of the contribution of BMP-signaling to chronic liver diseases.
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30
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Gerold G, Pietschmann T. A circuit of paracrine signals between liver sinusoid endothelial cells and hepatocytes regulates hepatitis C virus replication. Hepatology 2014; 59:363-5. [PMID: 23857467 DOI: 10.1002/hep.26621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gisa Gerold
- Institute of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
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31
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Rowe IA, Galsinh SK, Wilson GK, Parker R, Durant S, Lazar C, Branza-Nichita N, Bicknell R, Adams DH, Balfe P, McKeating JA. Paracrine signals from liver sinusoidal endothelium regulate hepatitis C virus replication. Hepatology 2014; 59:375-84. [PMID: 23775568 PMCID: PMC3992845 DOI: 10.1002/hep.26571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of global morbidity, causing chronic liver injury that can progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The liver is a large and complex organ containing multiple cell types, including hepatocytes, sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC), Kupffer cells, and biliary epithelial cells. Hepatocytes are the major reservoir supporting HCV replication; however, the role of nonparenchymal cells in the viral lifecycle remains largely unexplored. LSEC secrete factors that promote HCV infection and transcript analysis identified bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) as a candidate endothelial-expressed proviral molecule. Recombinant BMP4 increased HCV replication and neutralization of BMP4 abrogated the proviral activity of LSEC-conditioned media. Importantly, BMP4 expression was negatively regulated by vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) by way of a VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) primed activation of p38 MAPK. Consistent with our in vitro observations, we demonstrate that in normal liver VEGFR-2 is activated and BMP4 expression is suppressed. In contrast, in chronic liver disease including HCV infection where there is marked endothelial cell proliferation, we observed reduced endothelial cell VEGFR-2 activation and a concomitant increase in BMP4 expression. CONCLUSION These studies identify a role for LSEC and BMP4 in HCV infection and highlight BMP4 as a new therapeutic target for treating individuals with liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian A Rowe
- Hepatitis C Virus Research Group, Institute for Biomedical Research, University of BirminghamBirmingham, UK,Centre for Liver Research and NIHR Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit, Institute for Biomedical Research, University of BirminghamBirmingham, UK
| | - Sukhdeep K Galsinh
- Hepatitis C Virus Research Group, Institute for Biomedical Research, University of BirminghamBirmingham, UK
| | - Garrick K Wilson
- Hepatitis C Virus Research Group, Institute for Biomedical Research, University of BirminghamBirmingham, UK
| | - Richard Parker
- Centre for Liver Research and NIHR Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit, Institute for Biomedical Research, University of BirminghamBirmingham, UK
| | - Sarah Durant
- Angiogenesis Group, Institute for Biomedical Research, University of BirminghamBirmingham, UK
| | - Catalin Lazar
- Viral Glycoproteins Department, Institute of BiochemistryBucharest, Romania
| | | | - Roy Bicknell
- Angiogenesis Group, Institute for Biomedical Research, University of BirminghamBirmingham, UK
| | - David H Adams
- Centre for Liver Research and NIHR Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit, Institute for Biomedical Research, University of BirminghamBirmingham, UK
| | - Peter Balfe
- Hepatitis C Virus Research Group, Institute for Biomedical Research, University of BirminghamBirmingham, UK
| | - Jane A McKeating
- Hepatitis C Virus Research Group, Institute for Biomedical Research, University of BirminghamBirmingham, UK,Centre for Liver Research and NIHR Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit, Institute for Biomedical Research, University of BirminghamBirmingham, UK,Address reprint requests to: Professor Jane McKeating, Hepatitis C Virus Research Group, Institute for Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham UK B15 2TT. E-mail: fax: +44 (0)1214143599
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