1
|
Saini K, Cho S, Tewari M, Jalil AR, Wang M, Kasznel AJ, Yamamoto K, Chenoweth DM, Discher DE. Pan-tissue scaling of stiffness versus fibrillar collagen reflects contractility-driven strain that inhibits fibril degradation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.27.559759. [PMID: 37808742 PMCID: PMC10557712 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.27.559759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Polymer network properties such as stiffness often exhibit characteristic power laws in polymer density and other parameters. However, it remains unclear whether diverse animal tissues, composed of many distinct polymers, exhibit such scaling. Here, we examined many diverse tissues from adult mouse and embryonic chick to determine if stiffness ( E tissue ) follows a power law in relation to the most abundant animal protein, Collagen-I, even with molecular perturbations. We quantified fibrillar collagen in intact tissue by second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging and from tissue extracts by mass spectrometry (MS), and collagenase-mediated decreases were also tracked. Pan-tissue power laws for tissue stiffness versus Collagen-I levels measured by SHG or MS exhibit sub-linear scaling that aligns with results from cellularized gels of Collagen-I but not acellular gels. Inhibition of cellular myosin-II based contraction fits the scaling, and combination with inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) show collagenase activity is strain - not stress- suppressed in tissues, consistent with past studies of gels and fibrils. Beating embryonic hearts and tendons, which differ in both collagen levels and stiffness by >1000-fold, similarly suppressed collagenases at physiological strains of ∼5%, with fiber-orientation regulating degradation. Scaling of E tissue based on 'use-it-or-lose-it' kinetics provides insight into scaling of organ size, microgravity effects, and regeneration processes while suggesting contractility-driven therapeutics.
Collapse
|
2
|
Xiang C, Zhu Y, Xu M, Zhang D. Fasudil Ameliorates Osteoporosis Following Myocardial Infarction by Regulating Cardiac Calcitonin Secretion. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2022; 15:1352-1365. [PMID: 35551627 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-022-10271-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesis that Rho kinase inhibitor fasudil ameliorates osteoporosis following myocardial infarction (MI) by regulating cardiac calcitonin secretion. A mice model of MI and cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes exposed to hypoxia and serum deprivation (H/SD), and fibroblasts exposed to TGF-β were used, respectively. Cardiac function in vivo was assessed with echocardiography. Osteoporosis in vivo was assessed with X-ray and micro-CT. In vivo and in vitro studies used histological and immunohistochemical techniques, along with western blots. In mice post-MI, fasudil ameliorates the microstructure and bone metabolism of the lumbar, improved cardiac function, and attenuated myocardial fibrosis. In vitro, fasudil or αCGRP could effectively inhibit the proliferation of primary fibroblasts treated with TGF-β. Moreover, fasudil ameliorates the cardiac calcitonin secretion induced by MI in vivo or by H/SD in vitro. Our findings suggest that fasudil improved MI-induced osteoporosis by promoting cardiac secreting calcitonin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengyu Xiang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yeqian Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Maohua Xu
- Department of Emergency, Chun'an First People's Hospital, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital Chun'an Branch), Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dingguo Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Qin X, Lei C, Yan L, Sun H, Liu X, Guo Z, Sun W, Guo X, Fang Q. Proteomic and Metabolomic Analyses of Right Ventricular Failure due to Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:834179. [PMID: 35865003 PMCID: PMC9294162 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.834179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Right ventricular failure (RVF) is the independent and strongest predictor of mortality in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), but, at present, there are no preventive and therapeutic strategies directly targeting the failing right ventricle (RV). The underlying mechanism of RV hypertrophy (RVH) and dysfunction needs to be explored in depth. In this study, we used myocardial proteomics combined with metabolomics to elucidate potential pathophysiological changes of RV remodeling in a monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PAH rat model. The proteins and metabolites extracted from the RV myocardium were identified using label-free liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The bioinformatic analysis indicated that elevated intracellular Ca2+ concentrations and inflammation may contribute to myocardial proliferation and contraction, which may be beneficial for maintaining the compensated state of the RV. In the RVF stage, ferroptosis, mitochondrial metabolic shift, and insulin resistance are significantly involved. Dysregulated iron homeostasis, glutathione metabolism, and lipid peroxidation related to ferroptosis may contribute to RV decompensation. In conclusion, we depicted a proteomic and metabolomic profile of the RV myocardium during the progression of MCT-induced PAH, and also provided the insights for potential therapeutic targets facilitating the retardation or reversal of RV dysfunction in PAH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Qin
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chuxiang Lei
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haidan Sun
- Core Facility of Instrument, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Core Facility of Instrument, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengguang Guo
- Core Facility of Instrument, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Core Facility of Instrument, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoxiao Guo, ; Quan Fang,
| | - Quan Fang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoxiao Guo, ; Quan Fang,
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shoieb SM, Alammari AH, Levasseur J, Silver H, Dyck JRB, El-Kadi AOS. Ameliorative Role of Fluconazole Against Abdominal Aortic Constriction-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy in Rats. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2022; 79:833-845. [PMID: 35266922 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1) is known to be involved in the pathogenesis of several cardiovascular diseases, including cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure, through the formation of cardiotoxic metabolites named as mid-chain hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs). Recently, we have demonstrated that fluconazole decreases the level of mid-chain HETEs in human liver microsomes, inhibits human recombinant CYP1B1 activity, and protects against angiotensin II-induced cellular hypertrophy in H9c2 cells. Therefore, the overall purpose of this study was to elucidate the potential cardioprotective effect of fluconazole against cardiac hypertrophy induced by abdominal aortic constriction (AAC) in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into 4 groups such as sham control rats, fluconazole-treated (20 mg/kg daily for 4 weeks, intraperitoneal) sham rats, AAC rats, and fluconazole-treated (20 mg/kg) AAC rats. Baseline and 5 weeks post-AAC echocardiography were performed. Gene and protein expressions were measured using real-time PCR and Western blot analysis, respectively. The level of mid-chain HETEs was determined using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Echocardiography results showed that fluconazole significantly prevented AAC-induced left ventricular hypertrophy because it ameliorated the AAC-mediated increase in left ventricular mass and wall measurements. In addition, fluconazole significantly prevented the AAC-mediated increase of hypertrophic markers. The antihypertrophic effect of fluconazole was associated with a significant inhibition of CYP1B1, CYP2C23, and 12-LOX and a reduction in the formation rate of mid-chain HETEs. This study demonstrates that fluconazole protects against left ventricular hypertrophy, and it highlights the potential repurposing of fluconazole as a mid-chain HETEs forming enzymes' inhibitor for the protection against cardiac hypertrophy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sherif M Shoieb
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada ; and
| | - Ahmad H Alammari
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada ; and
| | - Jody Levasseur
- Department of Pediatrics, Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Heidi Silver
- Department of Pediatrics, Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jason R B Dyck
- Department of Pediatrics, Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ayman O S El-Kadi
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada ; and
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Properties and Functions of Fibroblasts and Myofibroblasts in Myocardial Infarction. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091386. [PMID: 35563692 PMCID: PMC9102016 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The adult mammalian heart contains abundant interstitial and perivascular fibroblasts that expand following injury and play a reparative role but also contribute to maladaptive fibrotic remodeling. Following myocardial infarction, cardiac fibroblasts undergo dynamic phenotypic transitions, contributing to the regulation of inflammatory, reparative, and angiogenic responses. This review manuscript discusses the mechanisms of regulation, roles and fate of fibroblasts in the infarcted heart. During the inflammatory phase of infarct healing, the release of alarmins by necrotic cells promotes a pro-inflammatory and matrix-degrading fibroblast phenotype that may contribute to leukocyte recruitment. The clearance of dead cells and matrix debris from the infarct stimulates anti-inflammatory pathways and activates transforming growth factor (TGF)-β cascades, resulting in the conversion of fibroblasts to α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)-expressing myofibroblasts. Activated myofibroblasts secrete large amounts of matrix proteins and form a collagen-based scar that protects the infarcted ventricle from catastrophic complications, such as cardiac rupture. Moreover, infarct fibroblasts may also contribute to cardiac repair by stimulating angiogenesis. During scar maturation, fibroblasts disassemble α-SMA+ stress fibers and convert to specialized cells that may serve in scar maintenance. The prolonged activation of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts in the infarct border zone and in the remote remodeling myocardium may contribute to adverse remodeling and to the pathogenesis of heart failure. In addition to their phenotypic plasticity, fibroblasts exhibit remarkable heterogeneity. Subsets with distinct phenotypic profiles may be responsible for the wide range of functions of fibroblast populations in infarcted and remodeling hearts.
Collapse
|
6
|
Kilian LS, Voran J, Frank D, Rangrez AY. RhoA: a dubious molecule in cardiac pathophysiology. J Biomed Sci 2021; 28:33. [PMID: 33906663 PMCID: PMC8080415 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-021-00730-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The Ras homolog gene family member A (RhoA) is the founding member of Rho GTPase superfamily originally studied in cancer cells where it was found to stimulate cell cycle progression and migration. RhoA acts as a master switch control of actin dynamics essential for maintaining cytoarchitecture of a cell. In the last two decades, however, RhoA has been coined and increasingly investigated as an essential molecule involved in signal transduction and regulation of gene transcription thereby affecting physiological functions such as cell division, survival, proliferation and migration. RhoA has been shown to play an important role in cardiac remodeling and cardiomyopathies; underlying mechanisms are however still poorly understood since the results derived from in vitro and in vivo experiments are still inconclusive. Interestingly its role in the development of cardiomyopathies or heart failure remains largely unclear due to anomalies in the current data available that indicate both cardioprotective and deleterious effects. In this review, we aimed to outline the molecular mechanisms of RhoA activation, to give an overview of its regulators, and the probable mechanisms of signal transduction leading to RhoA activation and induction of downstream effector pathways and corresponding cellular responses in cardiac (patho)physiology. Furthermore, we discuss the existing studies assessing the presented results and shedding light on the often-ambiguous data. Overall, we provide an update of the molecular, physiological and pathological functions of RhoA in the heart and its potential in cardiac therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Sophie Kilian
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, Intensive Care), University Medical Center Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin Str. 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jakob Voran
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, Intensive Care), University Medical Center Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin Str. 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Derk Frank
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, Intensive Care), University Medical Center Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin Str. 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany. .,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 24105, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Ashraf Yusuf Rangrez
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, Intensive Care), University Medical Center Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin Str. 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany. .,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 24105, Kiel, Germany. .,Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
McCarty MF. Nutraceutical, Dietary, and Lifestyle Options for Prevention and Treatment of Ventricular Hypertrophy and Heart Failure. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073321. [PMID: 33805039 PMCID: PMC8037104 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although well documented drug therapies are available for the management of ventricular hypertrophy (VH) and heart failure (HF), most patients nonetheless experience a downhill course, and further therapeutic measures are needed. Nutraceutical, dietary, and lifestyle measures may have particular merit in this regard, as they are currently available, relatively safe and inexpensive, and can lend themselves to primary prevention as well. A consideration of the pathogenic mechanisms underlying the VH/HF syndrome suggests that measures which control oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, that support effective nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide bioactivity, that prevent a reduction in cardiomyocyte pH, and that boost the production of protective hormones, such as fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), while suppressing fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and marinobufagenin, may have utility for preventing and controlling this syndrome. Agents considered in this essay include phycocyanobilin, N-acetylcysteine, lipoic acid, ferulic acid, zinc, selenium, ubiquinol, astaxanthin, melatonin, tauroursodeoxycholic acid, berberine, citrulline, high-dose folate, cocoa flavanols, hawthorn extract, dietary nitrate, high-dose biotin, soy isoflavones, taurine, carnitine, magnesium orotate, EPA-rich fish oil, glycine, and copper. The potential advantages of whole-food plant-based diets, moderation in salt intake, avoidance of phosphate additives, and regular exercise training and sauna sessions are also discussed. There should be considerable scope for the development of functional foods and supplements which make it more convenient and affordable for patients to consume complementary combinations of the agents discussed here. Research Strategy: Key word searching of PubMed was employed to locate the research papers whose findings are cited in this essay.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark F McCarty
- Catalytic Longevity Foundation, 811 B Nahant Ct., San Diego, CA 92109, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Goldblatt ZE, Cirka HA, Billiar KL. Mechanical Regulation of Apoptosis in the Cardiovascular System. Ann Biomed Eng 2021; 49:75-97. [PMID: 33169343 PMCID: PMC7775273 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-020-02659-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis is a highly conserved physiological process of programmed cell death which is critical for proper organism development, tissue maintenance, and overall organism homeostasis. Proper regulation of cell removal is crucial, as both excessive and reduced apoptotic rates can lead to the onset of a variety of diseases. Apoptosis can be induced in cells in response to biochemical, electrical, and mechanical stimuli. Here, we review literature on specific mechanical stimuli that regulate apoptosis and the current understanding of how mechanotransduction plays a role in apoptotic signaling. We focus on how insufficient or excessive mechanical forces may induce apoptosis in the cardiovascular system and thus contribute to cardiovascular disease. Although studies have demonstrated that a broad range of mechanical stimuli initiate and/or potentiate apoptosis, they are predominantly correlative, and no mechanisms have been established. In this review, we attempt to establish a unifying mechanism for how various mechanical stimuli initiate a single cellular response, i.e. apoptosis. We hypothesize that the cytoskeleton plays a central role in this process as it does in determining myriad cell behaviors in response to mechanical inputs. We also describe potential approaches of using mechanomedicines to treat various diseases by altering apoptotic rates in specific cells. The goal of this review is to summarize the current state of the mechanobiology field and suggest potential avenues where future research can explore.
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
Myocardial fibrosis, the expansion of the cardiac interstitium through deposition of extracellular matrix proteins, is a common pathophysiologic companion of many different myocardial conditions. Fibrosis may reflect activation of reparative or maladaptive processes. Activated fibroblasts and myofibroblasts are the central cellular effectors in cardiac fibrosis, serving as the main source of matrix proteins. Immune cells, vascular cells and cardiomyocytes may also acquire a fibrogenic phenotype under conditions of stress, activating fibroblast populations. Fibrogenic growth factors (such as transforming growth factor-β and platelet-derived growth factors), cytokines [including tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-4], and neurohumoral pathways trigger fibrogenic signalling cascades through binding to surface receptors, and activation of downstream signalling cascades. In addition, matricellular macromolecules are deposited in the remodelling myocardium and regulate matrix assembly, while modulating signal transduction cascades and protease or growth factor activity. Cardiac fibroblasts can also sense mechanical stress through mechanosensitive receptors, ion channels and integrins, activating intracellular fibrogenic cascades that contribute to fibrosis in response to pressure overload. Although subpopulations of fibroblast-like cells may exert important protective actions in both reparative and interstitial/perivascular fibrosis, ultimately fibrotic changes perturb systolic and diastolic function, and may play an important role in the pathogenesis of arrhythmias. This review article discusses the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of cardiac fibrosis in various myocardial diseases, including myocardial infarction, heart failure with reduced or preserved ejection fraction, genetic cardiomyopathies, and diabetic heart disease. Development of fibrosis-targeting therapies for patients with myocardial diseases will require not only understanding of the functional pluralism of cardiac fibroblasts and dissection of the molecular basis for fibrotic remodelling, but also appreciation of the pathophysiologic heterogeneity of fibrosis-associated myocardial disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue Forchheimer G46B, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Savira F, Wang BH, Edgley AJ, Jucker BM, Willette RN, Krum H, Kelly DJ, Kompa AR. Inhibition of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 ameliorates left ventricular dysfunction by reducing hypertrophy and fibrosis in a rat model of cardiorenal syndrome. Int J Cardiol 2020; 310:128-136. [PMID: 32305147 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2020.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is a major health burden worldwide in need of novel therapies, as current treatments remain suboptimal. The present study assessed the therapeutic potential of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) inhibition in a rat model of CRS. METHODS Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent surgery for myocardial infarction (MI) (week 0) followed by 5/6 subtotal nephrectomy (STNx) at week 4 to induce to induce a combined model of heart and kidney dysfunction. At week 6, MI + STNx animals were randomized to receive either 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose (Vehicle, n = 15, Sham = 10) or G226 (15 mg/kg daily, n = 11). Cardiac and renal function was assessed by echocardiography and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) respectively, prior to treatment at week 6 and endpoint (week 14). Haemodynamic measurements were determined at endpoint prior to tissue analysis. RESULTS G226 treatment attenuated the absolute change in left ventricular (LV) fractional shortening and posterior wall thickness compared to Vehicle. G226 also attenuated the reduction in preload recruitable stroke work. Increased myocyte cross sectional area, cardiac interstitial fibrosis, immunoreactivity of cardiac collagen-I and III and cardiac TIMP-2 activation, were significantly reduced following G226 treatment. Although we did not observe improvement in GFR, G226 significantly reduced renal interstitial fibrosis, diminished renal collagen-I and -IV, kidney injury molecule-1 immunoreactivity as well as macrophage infiltration and SMAD2 phosphorylation. CONCLUSION Inhibition of ASK1 ameliorated LV dysfunction and diminished cardiac hypertrophy and cardiorenal fibrosis in a rat model of CRS. This suggests that ASK1 is a critical pathway with therapeutic potential in the CRS setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feby Savira
- Biomarker Discovery Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Centre of Cardiovascular Research and Education in Therapeutics, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Bing H Wang
- Biomarker Discovery Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Centre of Cardiovascular Research and Education in Therapeutics, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Amanda J Edgley
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, St Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Beat M Jucker
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA, USA
| | - Robert N Willette
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA, USA
| | - Henry Krum
- Centre of Cardiovascular Research and Education in Therapeutics, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Darren J Kelly
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, St Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Andrew R Kompa
- Biomarker Discovery Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, St Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Rho Kinase Activity, Connexin 40, and Atrial Fibrillation: Mechanistic Insights from End-Stage Renal Disease on Dialysis Patients. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9010165. [PMID: 31936157 PMCID: PMC7019687 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9010165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence on cellular/molecular mechanisms leading to atrial fibrillation (AF) are scanty. Increased expression of Rho kinase (ROCK) and myosin-phosphatase-target subunit-1 (MYPT-1), ROCK activity’s marker, were shown in AF patients, which correlated with connexin 40 (Cx40) expression, membrane protein of heart gap junctions, key for rapid action potential’s cell–cell transfer. AF is the most frequent arrhythmia in dialysis patients who present increased MYPT-1 phosphorylation, which correlates with left ventricular (LV) mass. Given ROCK’s established role in cardiovascular–renal remodeling, induction of impaired cell-to-cell coupling/potential conduction promoting AF initiation/perpetuation, we evaluated in dialysis patients with AF, MYPT-1 phosphorylation, Cx40 expression, and their relationships to support their involvement in AF. Mononuclear cells’ MYPT-1 phosphorylation, Cx40 expression, and the ROCK inhibitor fasudil’s effect were assessed in dialysis patients with AF (DPAFs), dialysis patients with sinus rhythm (DPs), and healthy subjects (C) (western blot). M-mode echocardiography assessed LV mass and left atrial systolic volume. DPAF’s phospho-MYPT-1 was increased vs. that of DPs and C (1.57 ± 0.17 d.u. vs. 0.69 ± 0.04 vs. 0.51 ± 0.05 respectively, p < 0.0001). DP’s phospho-MYPT-1 was higher vs. that of C, p = 0.009. DPAF’s Cx40 was higher vs. that of DPs and C (1.23 ± 0.12 vs. 0.74 ± 0.03 vs. 0.69 ± 0.03, p < 0.0001). DPAF’s phospho-MYPT-1 correlated with Cx40 (p < 0.001), left atrial systolic volume (p = 0.013), and LV mass (p = 0.014). In DPAFs, fasudil reduced MYPT-1 phosphorylation (p < 0.01) and Cx40 expression (p = 0.03). These data point toward ROCK and Cx40’s role in the mechanism(s) leading to AF in dialysis patients. Exploration of the ROCK pathway in AF could contribute to AF generation’s mechanistic explanations and likely identify potential pharmacologic targets for translation into treatment.
Collapse
|
12
|
Urbanczyk M, Layland SL, Schenke-Layland K. The role of extracellular matrix in biomechanics and its impact on bioengineering of cells and 3D tissues. Matrix Biol 2019; 85-86:1-14. [PMID: 31805360 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2019.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The cells and tissues of the human body are constantly exposed to exogenous and endogenous forces that are referred to as biomechanical cues. They guide and impact cellular processes and cell fate decisions on the nano-, micro- and macro-scale, and are therefore critical for normal tissue development and maintaining tissue homeostasis. Alterations in the extracellular matrix composition of a tissue combined with abnormal mechanosensing and mechanotransduction can aberrantly activate signaling pathways that promote disease development. Such processes are therefore highly relevant for disease modelling or when aiming for the development of novel therapies. In this mini review, we describe the main biomechanical cues that impact cellular fates. We highlight their role during development, homeostasis and in disease. We also discuss current techniques and tools that allow us to study the impact of biomechanical cues on cell and tissue development under physiological conditions, and we point out directions, in which in vitro biomechanics can be of use in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Max Urbanczyk
- Department of Women's Health, Research Institute of Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Germany
| | - Shannon L Layland
- Department of Women's Health, Research Institute of Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katja Schenke-Layland
- Department of Women's Health, Research Institute of Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Germany; Natural and Medical Sciences Institute (NMI) at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany; Cluster of Excellence IFIT (EXC 2180), "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Germany; Dept. of Medicine/Cardiology, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Santos GL, Hartmann S, Zimmermann WH, Ridley A, Lutz S. Inhibition of Rho-associated kinases suppresses cardiac myofibroblast function in engineered connective and heart muscle tissues. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 134:13-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
14
|
Zheng L, Li B, Lin S, Chen L, Li H. Role and mechanism of cardiac insulin resistance in occurrence of heart failure caused by myocardial hypertrophy. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:6584-6590. [PMID: 31461405 PMCID: PMC6738426 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac insulin resistance plays an important role in the development of heart failure, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we found that hypertrophic hearts exhibit normal cardiac glucose oxidation rates, but reduced fatty acid oxidation rates, compared to Sham controls under basal (no insulin) conditions. Furthermore, insulin stimulation attenuated insulin’s effects on cardiac substrate utilization, suggesting the development of cardiac insulin resistance. Consistent with insulin resistance, p38-MAPK protein levels were reduced in hypertrophic hearts. By contrast, systemic hyperinsulin-euglycemic clamp indicated normal insulin sensitivity. Finally, electron microscopy revealed severe mitochondrial damage in the hypertrophic myocardium. Our results indicate that that cardiac insulin resistance caused by cardiac hypertrophy is associated with mitochondrial damage and cardiac dysfunction. Moreover, our findings suggest that cardiac insulin resistance is independent of systemic insulin resistance, which is also a risk factor for heart failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liling Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, First Hospital of Quanzhou Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Bingbing Li
- Department of Cosmetic Surgery, First Hospital of Fuzhou Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Sihuang Lin
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, First Hospital of Quanzhou Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Liangcai Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, First Hospital of Quanzhou Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Hongmu Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, First Hospital of Quanzhou Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Humeres C, Frangogiannis NG. Fibroblasts in the Infarcted, Remodeling, and Failing Heart. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2019; 4:449-467. [PMID: 31312768 PMCID: PMC6610002 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Expansion and activation of fibroblasts following cardiac injury is important for repair but may also contribute to fibrosis, remodeling, and dysfunction. The authors discuss the dynamic alterations of fibroblasts in failing and remodeling myocardium. Emerging concepts suggest that fibroblasts are not unidimensional cells that act exclusively by secreting extracellular matrix proteins, thus promoting fibrosis and diastolic dysfunction. In addition to their involvement in extracellular matrix expansion, activated fibroblasts may also exert protective actions, preserving the cardiac extracellular matrix, transducing survival signals to cardiomyocytes, and regulating inflammation and angiogenesis. The functional diversity of cardiac fibroblasts may reflect their phenotypic heterogeneity.
Collapse
Key Words
- AT1, angiotensin type 1
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- FAK, focal adhesion kinase
- FGF, fibroblast growth factor
- IL, interleukin
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- MRTF, myocardin-related transcription factor
- PDGF, platelet-derived growth factor
- RNA, ribonucleic acid
- ROCK, Rho-associated coiled-coil containing kinase
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SMA, smooth muscle actin
- TGF, transforming growth factor
- TRP, transient receptor potential
- cytokines
- extracellular matrix
- fibroblast
- infarction
- lncRNA, long noncoding ribonucleic acid
- miRNA, micro–ribonucleic acid
- remodeling
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Humeres
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Li J, Huang J, Lu J, Guo Z, Li Z, Gao H, Wang P, Luo W, Cai S, Hu Y, Guo K, Wang L, Li Z, Wang M, Zhang X, Liu P. Sirtuin 1 represses PKC-ζ activity through regulating interplay of acetylation and phosphorylation in cardiac hypertrophy. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:416-435. [PMID: 30414383 PMCID: PMC6329629 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Activation of PKC-ζ is closely linked to the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy. PKC-ζ can be activated by certain lipid metabolites such as phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate and ceramide. However, its endogenous negative regulators are not well defined. Here, the role of the sirtuin1-PKC-ζ signalling axis and the underlying molecular mechanisms were investigated in cardiac hypertrophy. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Cellular hypertrophy in cultures of cardiac myocytes, from neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats, was monitored by measuring cell surface area and the mRNA levels of hypertrophic biomarkers. Interaction between sirtuin1 and PKC-ζ was investigated by co-immunoprecipitation and confocal immunofluorescence microscopy. Sirtuin1 activation was enhanced by resveratrol treatment or Ad-sirtuin1 transfection. A model of cardiac hypertrophy in Sprague-Dawley rats was established by abdominal aortic constriction surgery or induced by isoprenaline in vivo. KEY RESULTS Overexpression of PKC-ζ led to cardiac hypertrophy and increased activity of NF-κB, ERK1/2 and ERK5, which was ameliorated by sirtuin1 overexpression. Enhancement of sirtuin1 activity suppressed acetylation of PKC-ζ, hindered its binding to phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 and inhibited PKC-ζ phosphorylation in cardiac hypertrophy. Consequently, the downstream pathways of PKC-ζ' were suppressed in cardiac hypertrophy. This regulation loop suggests a new role for sirtuin1 in mediation of cardiac hypertrophy. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Sirtuin1 is an endogenous negative regulator for PKC-ζ and mediates its activity via regulating the acetylation and phosphorylation in the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy. Targeting the sirtuin1-PKC-ζ signalling axis may suggest a novel therapeutic approach against cardiac hypertrophy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyan Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs EvaluationSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Junying Huang
- College of Life SciencesGuangzhou UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Jing Lu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs EvaluationSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Zhen Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs EvaluationSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Zhuoming Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs EvaluationSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Hui Gao
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs EvaluationSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Department of Pharmacology, School of MedicineJishou UniversityJishouChina
| | - Panxia Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs EvaluationSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Wenwei Luo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs EvaluationSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Sidong Cai
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs EvaluationSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Yuehuai Hu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs EvaluationSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Kaiteng Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs EvaluationSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Luping Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs EvaluationSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Zhenzhen Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs EvaluationSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Minghui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs EvaluationSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs EvaluationSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Peiqing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs EvaluationSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kim KH, Kim HM, Park JS, Kim YJ. Differential Transcriptome Profile and Exercise Capacity in Cardiac Remodeling by Pressure Overload versus Volume Overload. J Cardiovasc Imaging 2019; 27:50-63. [PMID: 30701717 PMCID: PMC6358426 DOI: 10.4250/jcvi.2019.27.e4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We compared the gene expression profiles in the hypertrophied myocardium of rats subjected to pressure overload (PO) and volume overload (VO) using DNA chip technology, and compared the effects on exercise capacity with a treadmill test. METHODS Constriction of the abdominal aorta or mitral regurgitation induced by a hole in the mitral leaflet were used to induce PO (n = 19), VO (n = 16) or PO + VO (n = 20) in rats. Serial echocardiographic studies and exercise were performed at 2-week intervals, and invasive hemodynamic examination by a pressure-volume catheter system was performed 12 weeks after the procedure. The gene expression profiles of the left ventricle (LV) 12 weeks after the procedure were analyzed by DNA chip technology. RESULTS In hemodynamic analyses, the LV end-diastolic pressure and the end-diastolic pressure-volume relationship slope were greater in the PO group than in the VO group. When we compared LV remodeling and exercise capacity, cardiac fibrosis and exercise intolerance developed in the PO group but not in the VO group (exercise duration, 434.0 ± 80.3 vs. 497.8 ± 49.0 seconds, p < 0.05, respectively). Transcriptional profiling of cardiac apical tissues revealed that gene expression related to the inflammatory response and cellular signaling pathways were significantly enriched in the VO group, whereas cardiac fibrosis, cytoskeletal pathway and G-protein signaling genes were enriched in the PO group. CONCLUSIONS We found that many genes were regulated in PO, VO or both, and that there were different regulation patterns by cardiac remodeling. Cardiac fibrosis and cytoskeletal pathway were important pathways in the PO group and influenced exercise capacity. Cardiac fibrosis influences exercise capacity before LV function is reduced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Hee Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Sejong General Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - Hyue Mee Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Sejong General Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jin Sik Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Sejong General Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - Yong Jin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhang YT, Xue JJ, Wang Q, Cheng SY, Chen ZC, Li HY, Shan JJ, Cheng KL, Zeng WJ. Dehydroepiandrosterone attenuates pulmonary artery and right ventricular remodeling in a rat model of pulmonary hypertension due to left heart failure. Life Sci 2018; 219:82-89. [PMID: 30605649 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.12.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM Pulmonary hypertension due to left heart failure (PH-LHF) is the most common cause of pulmonary hypertension. However, therapies for PH-LHF are lacking. Therefore, we investigated the effects and potential mechanism of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) treatment in an experimental model of PH-LHF. MAIN METHOD PH-LHF was induced in rats via ascending aortic banding. The rats then received daily DHEA from Day 1 to Day 63 for the prevention protocol or from Day 49 to Day 63 for the reversal protocol. Other ascending aortic banding rats were left untreated to allow development of PH and right ventricular (RV) failure. Sham ascending aortic banding rats served as controls. KEY FINDING Significant increases in mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) and right ventricular end-diastolic diameter (RVEDD) were observed in the PH-LHF group. Therapy with DHEA prevented LHF-induced PH and RV failure by preserving mPAP and preventing RV hypertrophy and pulmonary artery remodeling. In preexisting severe PH, DHEA attenuated most lung and RV abnormalities. The beneficial effects of DHEA in PH-LHF seem to result from depression of the STAT3 signaling pathway in the lung. SIGNIFICANT DHEA not only prevents the development of PH-LHF and RV failure but also rescues severe preexisting PH-LHF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Tao Zhang
- Cardiovascular Department of the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jiao-Jie Xue
- Cardiovascular Department of the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Shi-Yao Cheng
- Cardiovascular Department of the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhi-Chong Chen
- Cardiovascular Department of the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hua-Yang Li
- Zhong Shan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jia-Jie Shan
- the School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Kang-Lin Cheng
- Cardiovascular Department of the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Wei-Jie Zeng
- Cardiovascular Department of the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wang L, Li Z, Tan Y, Li Q, Yang H, Wang P, Lu J, Liu P. PARP1 interacts with STAT3 and retains active phosphorylated-STAT3 in nucleus during pathological myocardial hypertrophy. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 474:137-150. [PMID: 29501586 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) positively regulates myocardial hypertrophy, and its transcriptional activity is finely conditioned by diverse extracellular growth factors and cytokines. Here, we introduce novel evidence that poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) interacts with STAT3 and promotes its activation in cardiomyocytes and rat heart tissues. PARP1 activity and phosphorylated STAT3 were augmented by hypertrophic stimuli both in vitro and in vivo. Infection of PARP1 adenovirus induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, which could be prevented by STAT3 knockdown or inhibition. Additionally, PARP1 enhanced STAT3 phosphorylation level, nuclear accumulation and transcriptional activity. Mechanistically, PARP1 interacts with STAT3 and retains active phosphorylated-STAT3 in nucleus. In conclusion, our findings provide the first evidence that PARP1 exacerbates cardiac hypertrophy by stabilizing active phosphorylated-STAT3, which suggests that multi-target therapeutic strategies counteracting PARP1 activity and STAT3 activation would be potential for treating cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luping Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Zhuoming Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yinzi Tan
- Bank of China Ltd., Guangzhou 510610, PR China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Hanwei Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Panxia Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Jing Lu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Peiqing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Oxidative stress - chronic kidney disease - cardiovascular disease: A vicious circle. Life Sci 2018; 210:125-131. [PMID: 30172705 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.08.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease patient's progression to end-stage renal disease as well as their high mortality are linked to cardiovascular disease. However, the high incidence rate of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in these patients is not fully accounted for by traditional cardiovascular risk factors such as diabetes, hypertension and obesity. Renal disease and CVD are associated with endothelial dysfunction, inflammation and oxidative stress and in this review we will examine what is known regarding their similar roles in both CVD and chronic kidney disease, specifically focusing on the interconnections between oxidative stress, inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. These interconnections are best visualized as a vicious circle wherein these entities coexist and communicate with each other, thereby exacerbating the processes underpinning these different entities with the end result of the high morbidity and mortality that characterize CKD patients. By exploring this vicious circle i.e. the mode and extent of the interrelationships as well as some of the underlying mechanisms involved, this review aims at outlining our current understanding as well as highlighting future avenues for research and potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
|
21
|
Frangogiannis NG. Cardiac fibrosis: Cell biological mechanisms, molecular pathways and therapeutic opportunities. Mol Aspects Med 2018; 65:70-99. [PMID: 30056242 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 484] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is a common pathophysiologic companion of most myocardial diseases, and is associated with systolic and diastolic dysfunction, arrhythmogenesis, and adverse outcome. Because the adult mammalian heart has negligible regenerative capacity, death of a large number of cardiomyocytes results in reparative fibrosis, a process that is critical for preservation of the structural integrity of the infarcted ventricle. On the other hand, pathophysiologic stimuli, such as pressure overload, volume overload, metabolic dysfunction, and aging may cause interstitial and perivascular fibrosis in the absence of infarction. Activated myofibroblasts are the main effector cells in cardiac fibrosis; their expansion following myocardial injury is primarily driven through activation of resident interstitial cell populations. Several other cell types, including cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, pericytes, macrophages, lymphocytes and mast cells may contribute to the fibrotic process, by producing proteases that participate in matrix metabolism, by secreting fibrogenic mediators and matricellular proteins, or by exerting contact-dependent actions on fibroblast phenotype. The mechanisms of induction of fibrogenic signals are dependent on the type of primary myocardial injury. Activation of neurohumoral pathways stimulates fibroblasts both directly, and through effects on immune cell populations. Cytokines and growth factors, such as Tumor Necrosis Factor-α, Interleukin (IL)-1, IL-10, chemokines, members of the Transforming Growth Factor-β family, IL-11, and Platelet-Derived Growth Factors are secreted in the cardiac interstitium and play distinct roles in activating specific aspects of the fibrotic response. Secreted fibrogenic mediators and matricellular proteins bind to cell surface receptors in fibroblasts, such as cytokine receptors, integrins, syndecans and CD44, and transduce intracellular signaling cascades that regulate genes involved in synthesis, processing and metabolism of the extracellular matrix. Endogenous pathways involved in negative regulation of fibrosis are critical for cardiac repair and may protect the myocardium from excessive fibrogenic responses. Due to the reparative nature of many forms of cardiac fibrosis, targeting fibrotic remodeling following myocardial injury poses major challenges. Development of effective therapies will require careful dissection of the cell biological mechanisms, study of the functional consequences of fibrotic changes on the myocardium, and identification of heart failure patient subsets with overactive fibrotic responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Forchheimer G46B, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Martino F, Perestrelo AR, Vinarský V, Pagliari S, Forte G. Cellular Mechanotransduction: From Tension to Function. Front Physiol 2018; 9:824. [PMID: 30026699 PMCID: PMC6041413 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 511] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Living cells are constantly exposed to mechanical stimuli arising from the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM) or from neighboring cells. The intracellular molecular processes through which such physical cues are transformed into a biological response are collectively dubbed as mechanotransduction and are of fundamental importance to help the cell timely adapt to the continuous dynamic modifications of the microenvironment. Local changes in ECM composition and mechanics are driven by a feed forward interplay between the cell and the matrix itself, with the first depositing ECM proteins that in turn will impact on the surrounding cells. As such, these changes occur regularly during tissue development and are a hallmark of the pathologies of aging. Only lately, though, the importance of mechanical cues in controlling cell function (e.g., proliferation, differentiation, migration) has been acknowledged. Here we provide a critical review of the recent insights into the molecular basis of cellular mechanotransduction, by analyzing how mechanical stimuli get transformed into a given biological response through the activation of a peculiar genetic program. Specifically, by recapitulating the processes involved in the interpretation of ECM remodeling by Focal Adhesions at cell-matrix interphase, we revise the role of cytoskeleton tension as the second messenger of the mechanotransduction process and the action of mechano-responsive shuttling proteins converging on stage and cell-specific transcription factors. Finally, we give few paradigmatic examples highlighting the emerging role of malfunctions in cell mechanosensing apparatus in the onset and progression of pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Martino
- Center for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
- Competence Center for Mechanobiology in Regenerative Medicine, INTERREG ATCZ133, Brno, Czechia
| | - Ana R. Perestrelo
- Center for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
| | - Vladimír Vinarský
- Center for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
- Competence Center for Mechanobiology in Regenerative Medicine, INTERREG ATCZ133, Brno, Czechia
| | - Stefania Pagliari
- Center for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
| | - Giancarlo Forte
- Center for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
- Competence Center for Mechanobiology in Regenerative Medicine, INTERREG ATCZ133, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhuang R, Wu J, Lin F, Han L, Liang X, Meng Q, Jiang Y, Wang Z, Yue A, Gu Y, Fan H, Zhou X, Liu Z. Fasudil preserves lung endothelial function and reduces pulmonary vascular remodeling in a rat model of end‑stage pulmonary hypertension with left heart disease. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:1341-1352. [PMID: 29901088 PMCID: PMC6089763 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) due to left heart disease (LHD) is a common condition associated with significant morbidity. It contributes to the elevation of pulmonary vascular resistance and mean pulmonary pressure, eventually leading to heart failure and even mortality. The present study aimed to explore the potential efficacy of late and long‑term treatment with a Rho‑kinase (ROCK) signaling inhibitor, namely fasudil, in a rat model of end‑stage PH‑LHD. The PH‑LHD model was established by supracoronary aortic banding, and the effect of fasudil treatment on the progression of PH‑LHD was monitored. After 9 weeks (63 days) of supracoronary aortic banding, a significant increase in mean pulmonary pressure and RV systolic pressure was observed in the rats, associated with increased RhoA/ROCK activity in the lungs. Therapy with fasudil (30 mg/kg/day, intraperitoneal) for 4 weeks from postoperative day 35 reversed the hemodynamic disorder and prevented pulmonary vascular remodeling in rats with PH‑LHD. In addition, the blockade of ROCK signaling by fasudil decreased the protein levels of endothelin‑1 (ET‑1) and the mRNA expression levels of endothelin A receptor and promoted the production of nitric oxide (NO) in rats with PH‑LHD. Furthermore, fasudil inhibited the migration of human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells and the proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells induced by ET‑1. Therefore, this late, long‑term blockade of the ROCK pathway by fasudil may be a promising strategy to reverse hemodynamic dysfunction and impede the development of end‑stage PH‑LHD in patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rulin Zhuang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Jinfu Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Fang Lin
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Lu Han
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoting Liang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Qingshu Meng
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Yuyu Jiang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Zhulin Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Aixue Yue
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Yuying Gu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Huimin Fan
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohui Zhou
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Zhongmin Liu
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
There are multiple intrinsic mechanisms for diastolic dysfunction ranging from molecular to structural derangements in ventricular myocardium. The molecular mechanisms regulating the progression from normal diastolic function to severe dysfunction still remain poorly understood. Recent studies suggest a potentially important role of core cardio-enriched transcription factors (TFs) in the control of cardiac diastolic function in health and disease through their ability to regulate the expression of target genes involved in the process of adaptive and maladaptive cardiac remodeling. The current relevant findings on the role of a variety of such TFs (TBX5, GATA-4/6, SRF, MYOCD, NRF2, and PITX2) in cardiac diastolic dysfunction and failure are updated, emphasizing their potential as promising targets for novel treatment strategies. In turn, the new animal models described here will be key tools in determining the underlying molecular mechanisms of disease. Since diastolic dysfunction is regulated by various TFs, which are also involved in cross talk with each other, there is a need for more in-depth research from a biomedical perspective in order to establish efficient therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
|
25
|
Liu S, Wang BH, Kelly DJ, Krum H, Kompa AR. Chronic kidney disease with comorbid cardiac dysfunction exacerbates cardiac and renal damage. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:628-645. [PMID: 28994186 PMCID: PMC5742721 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
To address the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying chronic kidney disease with comorbid cardiac dysfunction, we investigated renal and cardiac, functional and structural damage when myocardial infarction (MI) was applied in the setting of kidney injury (induced by 5/6 nephrectomy-STNx). STNx or Sham surgery was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats with MI or Sham surgery performed 4 weeks later. Rats were maintained for a further 8 weeks. Rats (n = 36) were randomized into four groups: Sham+Sham, Sham+MI, STNx+Sham and STNx+MI. Increased renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis (P < 0.01) and kidney injury molecule-1 expression (P < 0.01) was observed in STNx+MI compared to STNx+Sham animals, while there were no further reductions in renal function. Heart weight was increased in STNx+MI compared to STNx+Sham or Sham+MI animals (P < 0.05), despite no difference in blood pressure. STNx+MI rats demonstrated greater cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area and increased cardiac interstitial fibrosis compared to either STNx+Sham (P < 0.01) or Sham+MI (P < 0.01) animals which was accompanied by an increase in diastolic dysfunction. These changes were associated with increases in ANP, cTGF and collagen I gene expression and phospho-p38 MAPK and phospho-p44/42 MAPK protein expression in the left ventricle. Addition of MI accelerated STNx-induced structural damage but failed to significantly exacerbate renal dysfunction. These findings highlight the bidirectional response in this model known to occur in cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) and provide a useful model for examining potential therapies for CRS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Liu
- School of MedicineSouth China University of TechnologyChina
- Centre of Cardiovascular Research and Education in TherapeuticsDepartment of Epidemiology and Preventive MedicineMonash UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | - Bing H. Wang
- Centre of Cardiovascular Research and Education in TherapeuticsDepartment of Epidemiology and Preventive MedicineMonash UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | - Darren J. Kelly
- Department of MedicineSt. Vincent's HospitalUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
| | - Henry Krum
- Centre of Cardiovascular Research and Education in TherapeuticsDepartment of Epidemiology and Preventive MedicineMonash UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | - Andrew R. Kompa
- Centre of Cardiovascular Research and Education in TherapeuticsDepartment of Epidemiology and Preventive MedicineMonash UniversityMelbourneAustralia
- Department of MedicineSt. Vincent's HospitalUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
van Eldik W, den Adel B, Monshouwer-Kloots J, Salvatori D, Maas S, van der Made I, Creemers EE, Frank D, Frey N, Boontje N, van der Velden J, Steendijk P, Mummery C, Passier R, Beqqali A. Z-disc protein CHAPb induces cardiomyopathy and contractile dysfunction in the postnatal heart. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189139. [PMID: 29206857 PMCID: PMC5716575 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims The Z-disc is a crucial structure of the sarcomere and is implicated in mechanosensation/transduction. Dysregulation of Z-disc proteins often result in cardiomyopathy. We have previously shown that the Z-disc protein Cytoskeletal Heart-enriched Actin-associated Protein (CHAP) is essential for cardiac and skeletal muscle development. Furthermore, the CHAP gene has been associated with atrial fibrillation in humans. Here, we studied the misregulated expression of CHAP isoforms in heart disease. Methods and results Mice that underwent transverse aortic constriction and calcineurin transgenic (Tg) mice, both models of experimental heart failure, displayed a significant increase in cardiac expression of fetal isoform CHAPb. To investigate whether increased expression of CHAPb postnatally is sufficient to induce cardiomyopathy, we generated CHAPb Tg mice under the control of the cardiac-specific αMHC promoter. CHAPb Tg mice displayed cardiac hypertrophy, interstitial fibrosis and enlargement of the left atrium at three months, which was more pronounced at the age of six months. Hypertrophy and fibrosis were confirmed by evidence of activation of the hypertrophic gene program (Nppa, Nppb, Myh7) and increased collagen expression, respectively. Connexin40 and 43 were downregulated in the left atrium, which was associated with delayed atrioventricular conduction. Tg hearts displayed both systolic and diastolic dysfunction partly caused by impaired sarcomere function evident from a reduced force generating capacity of single cardiomyocytes. This co-incided with activation of the actin signalling pathway leading to the formation of stress fibers. Conclusion This study demonstrated that the fetal isoform CHAPb initiates progression towards cardiac hypertrophy, which is accompanied by delayed atrioventricular conduction and diastolic dysfunction. Moreover, CHAP may be a novel therapeutic target or candidate gene for screening in cardiomyopathies and atrial fibrillation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Willemijn van Eldik
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands (ICIN), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Brigit den Adel
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Daniela Salvatori
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Central Laboratory Animal Facility, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia Maas
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Central Laboratory Animal Facility, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ingeborg van der Made
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Esther E. Creemers
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Derk Frank
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Norbert Frey
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Nicky Boontje
- Laboratory for Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jolanda van der Velden
- Laboratory for Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Steendijk
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Christine Mummery
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Passier
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Abdelaziz Beqqali
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Witzenburg CM, Holmes JW. A Comparison of Phenomenologic Growth Laws for Myocardial Hypertrophy. JOURNAL OF ELASTICITY 2017; 129:257-281. [PMID: 29632418 PMCID: PMC5889094 DOI: 10.1007/s10659-017-9631-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The heart grows in response to changes in hemodynamic loading during normal development and in response to valve disease, hypertension, and other pathologies. In general, a left ventricle subjected to increased afterload (pressure overloading) exhibits concentric growth characterized by thickening of individual myocytes and the heart wall, while one experiencing increased preload (volume overloading) exhibits eccentric growth characterized by lengthening of myocytes and dilation of the cavity. Predictive models of cardiac growth could be important tools in evaluating treatments, guiding clinical decision making, and designing novel therapies for a range of diseases. Thus, in the past 20 years there has been considerable effort to simulate growth within the left ventricle. While a number of published equations or systems of equations (often termed "growth laws") can capture some aspects of experimentally observed growth patterns, no direct comparisons of the various published models have been performed. Here we examine eight of these laws and compare them in a simple test-bed in which we imposed stretches measured during in vivo pressure and volume overload. Laws were compared based on their ability to predict experimentally measured patterns of growth in the myocardial fiber and radial directions as well as the ratio of fiber-to-radial growth. Three of the eight laws were able to reproduce most key aspects of growth following both pressure and volume overload. Although these three growth laws utilized different approaches to predict hypertrophy, they all employed multiple inputs that were weakly correlated during in vivo overload and therefore provided independent information about mechanics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Colleen M. Witzenburg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia,
Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jeffrey W. Holmes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia,
Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA,
USA
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of
Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Phone: 434-924-8797
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Olgar Y, Celen MC, Yamasan BE, Ozturk N, Turan B, Ozdemir S. Rho-kinase inhibition reverses impaired Ca 2+ handling and associated left ventricular dysfunction in pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Cell Calcium 2017; 67:81-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
29
|
Dai W, Dong Q, Chen M, Zhao L, Chen A, Li Z, Liu S. Changes in cardiac structure and function in a modified rat model of myocardial hypertrophy. Cardiovasc J Afr 2017; 27:134-142. [PMID: 27841899 PMCID: PMC5101493 DOI: 10.5830/cvja-2015-053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim In this study we designed a modified method of abdominal aortic constriction (AAC) in order to establish a stable animal model of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). We also evaluated cardiac structure and function in rats with myocardial hypertrophy using echocardiography, and provide a theory and experimental basis for the application of drug interventions using the LVH animal model. We hope this model will provide insight into novel clinical therapies for LVH. Methods The abdominal aorta of male Wistar rats (80–100 g) was constricted between the branches of the coeliac and anterior mesenteric arteries, to a diameter of 0.55 mm. Echocardiography, using a linear phase array probe, combined with histology and plasma BNP concentration, was performed at three, four and six weeks post AAC. Results: The acute (24-hour) mortality rate was lower (8%) than in previous reports (15%) using this modified rat model. Compared with shams, animals who underwent AAC demonstrated significantly increased interventricular septal (IVS), LV posterior wall (LVPWd), LV mass index (LVMI), crosssectional area (CSA) of myocytes, and perivascular fibrosis; while the ejection fraction (EF), fractional shortening (FS) and cardiac output (CO) were consistently lower at each time interval. Notably, differences in these parameters between the AAC and sham groups were significant by three weeks and reached a peak at four weeks. Following AAC, plasma B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) level was gradually elevated, compared with the sham group, between three and six weeks. Conclusion This modified AAC model induced LVH both stably and safely by week four post surgery. Echocardiography was accurately able to assess changes in chamber dimensions and systolic properties in the rats with LVH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Dai
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Dong
- Department of Physiology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minsheng Chen
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Luning Zhao
- Department of Medical Experimental Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ailan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenci Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Municipal People's Hospital of Guangzhou affiliated to Guangzhou Medical College, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiming Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
The Rho kinase inhibitor, fasudil, ameliorates diabetes-induced cardiac dysfunction by improving calcium clearance and actin remodeling. J Mol Med (Berl) 2016; 95:155-165. [PMID: 27576917 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-016-1469-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Previous study showed inhibition of RhoA and Rho kinase (ROCK) activity with fasudil could alleviate diabetes-induced cardiac dysfunction partially due to improvement of myocardial fibrosis. However, the effect of fasudil on intracellular calcium cycling and actin remodeling, both of which are important to regulate excitation-contract coupling, is still not fully elucidated. In this study, a diabetic cardiomyopathy model was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) in male Sprague Dawley rats. Diabetic rats were treated with fasudil or placebo for 8 weeks. We found that long-term administration of fasudil, a specific Rho kinase inhibitor, significantly ameliorated diabetes-induced contractile dysfunction both at cellular and whole organ levels. Fasudil-treated rats displayed improved diastolic intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) removal and rescued expression of protein responsible for [Ca2+]i clearance. Furthermore, our study indicated that fasudil treatment normalized the phosphorylation of the PKCβ2/Akt pathway in the diabetic heart, which might be the underlying mechanism accounting for the protective effect of fasudil on [Ca2+]i clearance. In addition, compared to the diabetes group, fasudil also normalized the G/F-actin ratio by preventing cofilin phosphorylation and promoted F-actin organization, suggesting a beneficial effect on actin remodeling. These findings indicate the protective effect of fasudil against diabetes-induced cardiac dysfunction via modulation of Ca2+ handling and actin remodeling. Overactivation of RhoA/ROCK plays a key role in the development of DCM. Inhibition of ROCK activity with fasudil improved [Ca2+]i removal in diabetic cardiomyocytes. Fasudil normalized the G/F-actin ratio and promoted F-actin organization. ROCK may be an excellent therapeutic target for the treatment of DCM. KEY MESSAGE Overactivation of RhoA/ROCK plays a key role in the development of DCM. Inhibition of ROCK activity with fasudil improved [Ca2+]i removal in diabetic cardiomyocytes. Fasudil normalized the G/F-actin ratio and promoted F-actin organization. ROCK may be an excellent therapeutic target for the treatment of DCM.
Collapse
|
31
|
Resveratrol Ameliorates Pressure Overload-induced Cardiac Dysfunction and Attenuates Autophagy in Rats. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2016; 66:376-82. [PMID: 26167810 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pressure overload has an important role in heart failure, inducing excessive autophagy in cardiac myocytes that is considered to be pathogenic. Resveratrol has been reported to improve cardiac dysfunction induced by pressure overload, but it has been unclear whether resveratrol ameliorates cardiac dysfunction by regulating autophagy. In this study, heart failure was induced in rats by constriction of the abdominal aorta. Four weeks after surgery, the rats with heart failure were randomized to treatment with resveratrol (8 mg · kg(-1) · d(-1) by intraperitoneal injection) for 28 days or to intraperitoneal injection of the vehicle (propylene glycol) alone. Echocardiography was performed to assess cardiac function. Expression of brain natriuretic peptide messenger RNA in the left ventricle was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction, whereas expression of proteins associated with autophagy (beclin-1 and lamp-1) was detected by western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, autophagic vacuoles were detected in the heart by transmission electron microscopy, and the myocardial ATP content was measured by the bioluminescence method. Treatment with resveratrol significantly improved cardiac dysfunction and reduced brain natriuretic peptide expression in rats with heart failure. Resveratrol down-regulated beclin-1 and lamp-1 expression and also inhibited the formation of autophagic vacuoles in failing hearts. Furthermore, resveratrol restored the myocardial ATP level and reduced phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase at Thr172. These results suggest that resveratrol may inhibit autophagy through inactivation of AMP-activated protein kinase and restoration of ATP in heart failure induced by pressure overload. Accordingly, resveratrol may be beneficial for patients with hypertensive heart disease.
Collapse
|
32
|
Vecchio EA, Chuo CH, Baltos JA, Ford L, Scammells PJ, Wang BH, Christopoulos A, White PJ, May LT. The hybrid molecule, VCP746, is a potent adenosine A2B receptor agonist that stimulates anti-fibrotic signalling. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 117:46-56. [PMID: 27520486 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
We have recently described the rationally-designed adenosine receptor agonist, 4-(5-amino-4-benzoyl-3-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)thiophen-2-yl)-N-(6-(9-((2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxylmethyl)tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-9H-purin-6-ylamino)hexyl)benzamide (VCP746), a hybrid molecule consisting of an adenosine moiety linked to an adenosine A1 receptor (A1AR) allosteric modulator moiety. At the A1AR, VCP746 mediated cardioprotection in the absence of haemodynamic side effects such as bradycardia. The current study has now identified VCP746 as an important pharmacological tool for the adenosine A2B receptor (A2BAR). The binding and function of VCP746 at the A2BAR was rigorously characterised in a heterologous expression system, in addition to examination of its anti-fibrotic signalling in cardiac- and renal-derived cells. In FlpInCHO cells stably expressing the human A2BAR, VCP746 was a high affinity, high potency A2BAR agonist that stimulated Gs- and Gq-mediated signal transduction, with an apparent lack of system bias relative to prototypical A2BAR agonists. The distinct agonist profile may result from an atypical binding mode of VCP746 at the A2BAR, which was consistent with a bivalent mechanism of receptor interaction. In isolated neonatal rat cardiac fibroblasts (NCF), VCP746 stimulated potent inhibition of both TGF-β1- and angiotensin II-mediated collagen synthesis. Similar attenuation of TGF-β1-mediated collagen synthesis was observed in renal mesangial cells (RMC). The anti-fibrotic signalling mediated by VCP746 in NCF and RMC was selectively reversed in the presence of an A2BAR antagonist. Thus, we believe, VCP746 represents an important tool to further investigate the role of the A2BAR in cardiac (patho)physiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Vecchio
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
| | - Chung Hui Chuo
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
| | - Jo-Anne Baltos
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
| | - Leigh Ford
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
| | - Peter J Scammells
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
| | - Bing H Wang
- Centre of Cardiovascular Research and Education in Therapeutics, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.
| | - Arthur Christopoulos
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
| | - Paul J White
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
| | - Lauren T May
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Wang Q, Guo YZ, Zhang YT, Xue JJ, Chen ZC, Cheng SY, Ou MD, Cheng KL, Zeng WJ. The Effects and Mechanism of Atorvastatin on Pulmonary Hypertension Due to Left Heart Disease. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157171. [PMID: 27388289 PMCID: PMC4936674 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pulmonary hypertension due to left heart disease (PH-LHD) is one of the most common forms of PH, termed group 2 PH. Atorvastatin exerts beneficial effects on the structural remodeling of the lung in ischemic heart failure. However, few studies have investigated the effects of atorvastatin on PH due to left heart failure induced by overload. Methods Group 2 PH was induced in animals by aortic banding. Rats (n = 20) were randomly divided into four groups: a control group (C), an aortic banding group (AOB63), an atorvastatin prevention group (AOB63/ATOR63) and an atorvastatin reversal group (AOB63/ATOR50-63). Atorvastatin was administered for 63 days after banding to the rats in the AOB63/ATOR63 group and from days 50 to 63 to the rats in the AOB63/ATOR50-63 group. Results Compared with the controls, significant increases in the mean pulmonary arterial pressure, pulmonary arteriolar medial thickening, biventricular cardiac hypertrophy, wet and dry weights of the right middle lung, percentage of PCNA-positive vascular smooth muscle cells, inflammatory infiltration and expression of RhoA and Rho-kinase II were observed in the AOB63 group, and these changes concomitant with significant decreases in the percentage of TUNEL-positive vascular smooth muscle cells. Treatment of the rats in the AOB63/ATOR63 group with atorvastatin at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day significantly decreased the mean pulmonary arterial pressure, right ventricular hypertrophy, pulmonary arteriolar medial thickness, inflammatory infiltration, percentage of PCNA-positive cells and pulmonary expression of RhoA and Rho-kinase II and significantly augmented the percentage of TUNEL-positive cells compared with the AOB63 group. However, only a trend of improvement in pulmonary vascular remodeling was detected in the AOB63/ATOR50-63 group. Conclusions Atorvastatin prevents pulmonary vascular remodeling in the PH-LHD model by down-regulating the expression of RhoA/Rho kinase, by inhibiting the proliferation and increasing the apoptosis of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells, and by attenuating the inflammation of pulmonary arteries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi-Zhan Guo
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi-Tao Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiao-Jie Xue
- Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi-Chong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shi-Yao Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mao-De Ou
- Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kang-Lin Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- * E-mail: (WJZ); (KLC)
| | - Wei-Jie Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- * E-mail: (WJZ); (KLC)
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Phosphodiesterase inhibitor KMUP-3 displays cardioprotection via protein kinase G and increases cardiac output via G-protein-coupled receptor agonist activity and Ca(2+) sensitization. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2016; 32:55-67. [PMID: 26944323 DOI: 10.1016/j.kjms.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
KMUP-3 (7-{2-[4-(4-nitrobenzene) piperazinyl]ethyl}-1, 3-dimethylxanthine) displays cardioprotection and increases cardiac output, and is suggested to increase cardiac performance and improve myocardial infarction. To determine whether KMUP-3 improves outcomes in hypoperfused myocardium by inducing Ca(2+) sensitization to oppose protein kinase (PK)G-mediated Ca(2+) blockade, we measured left ventricular systolic blood pressure, maximal rates of pressure development, mean arterial pressure and heart rate in rats, and measured contractility and expression of PKs/RhoA/Rho kinase (ROCK)II in beating guinea pig left atria. Hemodynamic changes induced by KMUP-3 (0.5-3.0 mg/kg, intravenously) were inhibited by Y27632 [(R)-(+)-trans-4-1-aminoethyl)-N-(4-Pyridyl) cyclohexane carboxamide] and ketanserin (1 mg/kg, intravenously). In electrically stimulated left guinea pig atria, positive inotropy induced by KMUP-3 (0.1-100μM) was inhibited by the endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) inhibitors N-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) and 7-nitroindazole, cyclic AMP antagonist SQ22536 [9-(terahydro-2-furanyl)-9H-purin-6-amine], soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) antagonist ODQ (1H-[1,2,4] oxadiazolo[4,3-a] quinoxalin-1-one), RhoA inhibitor C3 exoenzyme, β-blocker propranolol, 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A antagonist ketanserin, ROCK inhibitor Y27632 and KMUP-1 (7-{2-[4-(2-chlorobenzene) piperazinyl]ethyl}-1, 3-dimethylxanthine) at 10μM. Western blotting assays indicated that KMUP-3 (0.1-10μM) increased PKA, RhoA/ROCKII, and PKC translocation and CIP-17 (an endogenous 17-kDa inhibitory protein) activation. In spontaneous right atria, KMUP-3 induced negative chronotropy that was blunted by 7-nitroindazole and atropine. In neonatal myocytes, L-NAME inhibited KMUP-3-induced eNOS phosphorylation and RhoA/ROCK activation. In H9c2 cells, Y-27632 (50μM) and PKG antagonist KT5823 [2,3,9,10,11,12-hexahydro-10R- methoxy-2,9-dimethyl-1-oxo-9S,12R-epoxy-1H-diindolo(1,2,3-fg:3',2',1'-kl) pyrrolo(3,4-i)(1,6)benzodiazocine-10-carboxylic acid, methyl ester] (3μM) reversed KMUP-3 (1-100μM)-induced Ca(2+)-entry blockade. GPCR agonist activity of KMUP-3 appeared opposed to KMUP-1, and increased cardiac output via Ca(2+) sensitization, and displayed cardioprotection via cyclic GMP/PKG-mediated myocardial preconditioning in animal studies.
Collapse
|
35
|
Jalil JE, Ocaranza MP. Regression of cardiovascular remodeling in hypertension: Novel relevant mechanisms. World J Hypertens 2016; 6:1-17. [DOI: 10.5494/wjh.v6.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Asymptomatic organ damage due to progressive kidney damage, cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling put hypertensive patients at high risk for developing heart and renal failure, myocardial infarction and stroke. Current antihypertensive treatment normalizes high blood pressure, partially reverses organ damage, and reduces the incidence of heart and renal failure. Activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is a primary mechanism of progressive organ damage and, specifically, a major cause of both renal and cardiovascular fibrosis. Currently, inhibition of the RAS system [mainly with angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II (Ang II) receptor antagonists] is the most effective antihypertensive strategy for normalizing blood pressure and preventing target organ damage. However, residual organ damage and consequently high risk for cardiovascular events and renal failure still persist. Accordingly, in hypertension, it is relevant to develop new therapeutic perspectives, beyond reducing blood pressure to further prevent/reduce target organ damage by acting on pathways that trigger and maintain cardiovascular and renal remodeling. We review here relevant novel mechanisms of target organ damage in hypertension, their role and evidence in prevention/regression of cardiovascular remodeling and their possible clinical impact as well. Specifically, we focus on the signaling pathway RhoA/Rho kinase, on the impact of the vasodilatory peptides from the RAS and some insights on the role of estrogens and myocardial chymase in cardiovascular hypertensive remodeling.
Collapse
|
36
|
Calò LA, Vertolli U, Pagnin E, Ravarotto V, Davis PA, Lupia M, Naso E, Maiolino G, Naso A. Increased rho kinase activity in mononuclear cells of dialysis and stage 3-4 chronic kidney disease patients with left ventricular hypertrophy: Cardiovascular risk implications. Life Sci 2016; 148:80-5. [PMID: 26872982 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of excess mortality in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and dialysis patients (DP) who have higher prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), the strongest predictor of CV events. Rho kinase (ROCK) activation is linked in hypertensive patients to cardiac remodeling while ROCK inhibition suppresses cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and, in a human clinical condition opposite to hypertension, its downregulation associates with lack of CV remodeling. Information on ROCK activation-LVH link in CKD and DP is lacking. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mononuclear cells (PBMCs) MYPT-1 phosphorylation, a marker of ROCK activity, and the effect of fasudil, a ROCK inhibitor, on MYPT-1 phosphorylation were assessed in 23 DPs, 13 stage 3-4 CKD and 36 healthy subjects (HS) by Western blot. LV mass was assessed by M-mode echocardiography. KEY FINDINGS DP and CKD had higher MYPT-1 phosphorylation compared to HS (p<0.001 and p=0.003). Fasudil (500 and 1000μM) dose dependently reduced MYPT-1 phosphorylation in DP (p<0.01). DP had higher LV mass than CKD (p<0.001). MYPT-1 phosphorylation was higher in patients with LVH (p=0.009) and correlated with LV mass both in DP and CKD with LVH (p<0.001 and p=0.006). SIGNIFICANCE In DP and CKD, ROCK activity tracks with LVH. This ROCK activation-LVH link provided in these CVD high-risk patients along with similar findings in hypertensive patients and added to opposite findings in a human model opposite to hypertension and in type 2 diabetic patients, identify ROCK activation as a potential LVH marker and provide further rationale for ROCK activation inhibition as target of therapy in CVD high-risk patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo A Calò
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Nephrology, University of Padova, Italy.
| | - Ugo Vertolli
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Nephrology, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Elisa Pagnin
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Nephrology, University of Padova, Italy
| | | | - Paul A Davis
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Mario Lupia
- Department of Cardiologic, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Elena Naso
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Nephrology, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Maiolino
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Hypertension, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Agostino Naso
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Nephrology, University of Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Yuan W, Tang C, Zhu W, Zhu J, Lin Q, Fu Y, Deng C, Xue Y, Yang M, Wu S, Shan Z. CDK6 mediates the effect of attenuation of miR-1 on provoking cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 412:289-96. [PMID: 26699910 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2635-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNA-1 (miR-1) is approved involved in cardiac hypertrophy, but the underlying molecular mechanisms of miR-1 in cardiac hypertrophy are not well elucidated. The present study aimed to investigate the potential role of miR-1 in modulating CDKs-Rb pathway during cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. A rat model of hypertrophy was established with abdominal aortic constriction, and a cell model of hypertrophy was also achieved based on PE-promoted neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes (NRVCs). We demonstrated that miR-1 expression was markedly decreased in hypertrophic myocardium and hypertrophic cardiomyocytes. Dual luciferase reporter assays revealed that miR-1 interacted with the 3'UTR of CDK6, and miR-1 was verified to inhibit CDK6 expression at the posttranscriptional level. CDK6 protein expression was observed increased in hypertrophic myocardium and hypertrophic cardiomyocytes. Morover, miR-1 mimic, in parallel to CDK6 siRNA, could inhibit PE-induced hypertrophy of NRVCs, with decreases in cell size, newly transcribed RNA, expressions of ANF and β-MHC, and the phosphorylated pRb. Taken together, our results reveal that derepression of CDK6 and activation of Rb pathway contributes to the effect of attenuation of miR-1 on provoking cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Yuan
- Medical Research Department of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunmei Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Wensi Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiening Zhu
- Medical Research Department of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuxiong Lin
- Medical Research Department of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongheng Fu
- Medical Research Department of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyu Deng
- Medical Research Department of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Yumei Xue
- Medical Research Department of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Yang
- Medical Research Department of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Shulin Wu
- Medical Research Department of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhixin Shan
- Medical Research Department of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
RhoA Ambivalently Controls Prominent Myofibroblast Characteritics by Involving Distinct Signaling Routes. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137519. [PMID: 26448568 PMCID: PMC4598021 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction RhoA has been shown to be beneficial in cardiac disease models when overexpressed in cardiomyocytes, whereas its role in cardiac fibroblasts (CF) is still poorly understood. During cardiac remodeling CF undergo a transition towards a myofibroblast phenotype thereby showing an increased proliferation and migration rate. Both processes involve the remodeling of the cytoskeleton. Since RhoA is known to be a major regulator of the cytoskeleton, we analyzed its role in CF and its effect on myofibroblast characteristics in 2 D and 3D models. Results Downregulation of RhoA was shown to strongly affect the actin cytoskeleton. It decreased the myofibroblast marker α-sm-actin, but increased certain fibrosis-associated factors like TGF-β and collagens. Also, the detailed analysis of CTGF expression demonstrated that the outcome of RhoA signaling strongly depends on the involved stimulus. Furthermore, we show that proliferation of myofibroblasts rely on RhoA and tubulin acetylation. In assays accessing three different types of migration, we demonstrate that RhoA/ROCK/Dia1 are important for 2D migration and the repression of RhoA and Dia1 signaling accelerates 3D migration. Finally, we show that a downregulation of RhoA in CF impacts the viscoelastic and contractile properties of engineered tissues. Conclusion RhoA positively and negatively influences myofibroblast characteristics by differential signaling cascades and depending on environmental conditions. These include gene expression, migration and proliferation. Reduction of RhoA leads to an increased viscoelasticity and a decrease in contractile force in engineered cardiac tissue.
Collapse
|
39
|
Waddingham MT, Edgley AJ, Astolfo A, Inagaki T, Fujii Y, Du CK, Zhan DY, Tsuchimochi H, Yagi N, Kelly DJ, Shirai M, Pearson JT. Chronic Rho-kinase inhibition improves left ventricular contractile dysfunction in early type-1 diabetes by increasing myosin cross-bridge extension. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2015; 14:92. [PMID: 26194354 PMCID: PMC4509700 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-015-0256-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impaired actin-myosin cross-bridge (CB) dynamics correlate with impaired left ventricular (LV) function in early diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Elevated expression and activity of Rho kinase (ROCK) contributes to the development of DCM. ROCK targets several sarcomeric proteins including myosin light chain 2, myosin binding protein-C (MyBP-C), troponin I (TnI) and troponin T that all have important roles in regulating CB dynamics and contractility of the myocardium. Our aim was to examine if chronic ROCK inhibition prevents impaired CB dynamics and LV dysfunction in a rat model of early diabetes, and whether these changes are associated with changes in myofilament phosphorylation state. METHODS Seven days post-diabetes induction (65 mg/kg ip, streptozotocin), diabetic rats received the ROCK inhibitor, fasudil (10 mg/kg/day ip) or vehicle for 14 days. Rats underwent cardiac catheterization to assess LV function simultaneous with X-ray diffraction using synchrotron radiation to assess in situ CB dynamics. RESULTS Compared to controls, diabetic rats developed mild systolic and diastolic dysfunction, which was attenuated by fasudil. End-diastolic and systolic myosin proximity to actin filaments were significantly reduced in diabetic rats (P < 0.05). In all rats there was an inverse correlation between ROCK1 expression and the extension of myosin CB in diastole, with the lowest ROCK expression in control and fasudil-treated diabetic rats. In diabetic and fasudil-treated diabetic rats changes in relative phosphorylation of TnI and MyBP-C were not significant from controls. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate a clear role for ROCK in the development of LV dysfunction and impaired CB dynamics in early DCM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark T Waddingham
- Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Amanda J Edgley
- Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
| | - Alberto Astolfo
- Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, VIC, Australia. .,Department of Medical Physics and Bioengineering, University College of London, London, England, UK.
| | - Tadakatsu Inagaki
- Department of Cardiac Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Yutaka Fujii
- Department of Cardiac Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Cheng-Kun Du
- Department of Cardiac Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Dong-Yun Zhan
- Department of Cardiac Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Hirotsugu Tsuchimochi
- Department of Cardiac Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Naoto Yagi
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Harima, Hyogo, Japan.
| | - Darren J Kelly
- Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Mikiyasu Shirai
- Department of Cardiac Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | - James T Pearson
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia. .,Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, VIC, Australia. .,Monash Biomedical Imaging Facility, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Waddingham MT, Edgley AJ, Tsuchimochi H, Kelly DJ, Shirai M, Pearson JT. Contractile apparatus dysfunction early in the pathophysiology of diabetic cardiomyopathy. World J Diabetes 2015; 6:943-960. [PMID: 26185602 PMCID: PMC4499528 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v6.i7.943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and heart failure in patients. Independent of hypertension and coronary artery disease, diabetes is associated with a specific cardiomyopathy, known as diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Four decades of research in experimental animal models and advances in clinical imaging techniques suggest that DCM is a progressive disease, beginning early after the onset of type 1 and type 2 diabetes, ahead of left ventricular remodeling and overt diastolic dysfunction. Although the molecular pathogenesis of early DCM still remains largely unclear, activation of protein kinase C appears to be central in driving the oxidative stress dependent and independent pathways in the development of contractile dysfunction. Multiple subcellular alterations to the cardiomyocyte are now being highlighted as critical events in the early changes to the rate of force development, relaxation and stability under pathophysiological stresses. These changes include perturbed calcium handling, suppressed activity of aerobic energy producing enzymes, altered transcriptional and posttranslational modification of membrane and sarcomeric cytoskeletal proteins, reduced actin-myosin cross-bridge cycling and dynamics, and changed myofilament calcium sensitivity. In this review, we will present and discuss novel aspects of the molecular pathogenesis of early DCM, with a special focus on the sarcomeric contractile apparatus.
Collapse
|
41
|
Fernandes T, Baraúna VG, Negrão CE, Phillips MI, Oliveira EM. Aerobic exercise training promotes physiological cardiac remodeling involving a set of microRNAs. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 309:H543-52. [PMID: 26071549 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00899.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy is an important physiological compensatory mechanism in response to chronic increase in hemodynamic overload. There are two different forms of LV hypertrophy, one physiological and another pathological. Aerobic exercise induces beneficial physiological LV remodeling. The molecular/cellular mechanisms for this effect are not totally known, and here we review various mechanisms including the role of microRNA (miRNA). Studies in the heart, have identified antihypertrophic miRNA-1, -133, -26, -9, -98, -29, -378, and -145 and prohypertrophic miRNA-143, -103, -130a, -146a, -21, -210, -221, -222, -27a/b, -199a/b, -208, -195, -499, -34a/b/c, -497, -23a, and -15a/b. Four miRNAs are recognized as cardiac-specific: miRNA-1, -133a/b, -208a/b, and -499 and called myomiRs. In our studies we have shown that miRNAs respond to swimming aerobic exercise by 1) decreasing cardiac fibrosis through miRNA-29 increasing and inhibiting collagen, 2) increasing angiogenesis through miRNA-126 by inhibiting negative regulators of the VEGF pathway, and 3) modulating the renin-angiotensin system through the miRNAs-27a/b and -143. Exercise training also increases cardiomyocyte growth and survival by swimming-regulated miRNA-1, -21, -27a/b, -29a/c, -30e, -99b, -100, -124, -126, -133a/b, -143, -144, -145, -208a, and -222 and running-regulated miRNA-1, -26, -27a, -133, -143, -150, and -222, which influence genes associated with the heart remodeling and angiogenesis. We conclude that there is a potential role of these miRNAs in promoting cardioprotective effects on physiological growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Fernandes
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Valério G Baraúna
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil
| | - Carlos E Negrão
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Heart Institute (InCor), Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; and
| | - M Ian Phillips
- Laboratory of Stem Cells, Keck Graduate Institute, Claremont, California
| | - Edilamar M Oliveira
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil;
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Poels EM, da Costa Martins PA, van Empel VPM. Adaptive capacity of the right ventricle: why does it fail? Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 308:H803-13. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00573.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Only in recent years has the right ventricle (RV) function become appreciated to be equally important to the left ventricle (LV) function to maintain cardiac output. Right ventricular failure is, irrespectively of the etiology, associated with impaired exercise tolerance and poor survival. Since the anatomy and physiology of the RV is distinctly different than that of the LV, its adaptive mechanisms and the pathways involved are different as well. RV hypertrophy is an important mechanism of the RV to preserve cardiac output. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the right ventricle and its response to pathologic situations. We will focus on the adaptive capacity of the right ventricle and the molecular pathways involved, and we will discuss potential therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ella M. Poels
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; and
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Vessel Center, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Paula A. da Costa Martins
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; and
| | - Vanessa P. M. van Empel
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Vessel Center, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Tian K, Liu Z, Wang J, Xu S, You T, Liu P. Sirtuin-6 inhibits cardiac fibroblasts differentiation into myofibroblasts via inactivation of nuclear factor κB signaling. Transl Res 2015; 165:374-86. [PMID: 25475987 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2014.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Differentiation of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) into myofibroblasts represents a key event in cardiac fibrosis that contributes to pathologic cardiac remodeling. However, regulation of this phenotypic transformation remains elusive. Here, we show that sirtuin-6 (SIRT6), a member of the sirtuin family of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent histone deacetylase, plays a role in the regulation of myofibroblast differentiation. SIRT6 expression was upregulated under pathologic conditions in angiotensin II (Ang II)-stimulated CFs and in myocardium of rat subjected to abdominal aortic constriction surgery. SIRT6 depletion by RNA interference (small interfering RNA [siRNA]) in CFs resulted in increased cell proliferation and extracellular matrix deposition. Further examination of SIRT6-depleted CFs demonstrated significantly higher expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), the classical marker of myofibroblast differentiation, and increased formation of focal adhesions. Notably, SIRT6 depletion further exacerbated Ang II-induced myofibroblast differentiation. Overexpression of SIRT6 restored α-SMA expression in SIRT6-depleted or Ang II-treated CFs. Moreover, SIRT6 depletion induced the DNA binding activity and transcriptional activity of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). Importantly, using an NF-κB p65 siRNA or pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, a specific inhibitor of NF-κB activity, reversed the expression of phenotypic markers of myofibroblasts. Our findings unravel a novel role of SIRT6 as a key modulator in the phenotypic conversion of CFs to myofibroblasts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kunming Tian
- School of Nursing, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiping Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaojiao Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Suowen Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianhui You
- School of Nursing, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peiqing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Huang S, Zou X, Zhu JN, Fu YH, Lin QX, Liang YY, Deng CY, Kuang SJ, Zhang MZ, Liao YL, Zheng XL, Yu XY, Shan ZX. Attenuation of microRNA-16 derepresses the cyclins D1, D2 and E1 to provoke cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 19:608-19. [PMID: 25583328 PMCID: PMC4369817 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclins/retinoblastoma protein (pRb) pathway participates in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), the endogenous small non-coding RNAs, were recognized to play significant roles in cardiac hypertrophy. But, it remains unknown whether cyclin/Rb pathway is modulated by miRNAs during cardiac hypertrophy. This study investigates the potential role of microRNA-16 (miR-16) in modulating cyclin/Rb pathway during cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. An animal model of hypertrophy was established in a rat with abdominal aortic constriction (AAC), and in a mouse with transverse aortic constriction (TAC) and in a mouse with subcutaneous injection of phenylephrine (PE) respectively. In addition, a cell model of hypertrophy was also achieved based on PE-promoted neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocyte and based on Ang-II-induced neonatal mouse ventricular cardiomyocyte respectively. We demonstrated that miR-16 expression was markedly decreased in hypertrophic myocardium and hypertrophic cardiomyocytes in rats and mice. Overexpression of miR-16 suppressed rat cardiac hypertrophy and hypertrophic phenotype of cultured cardiomyocytes, and inhibition of miR-16 induced a hypertrophic phenotype in cardiomyocytes. Expressions of cyclins D1, D2 and E1, and the phosphorylated pRb were increased in hypertrophic myocardium and hypertrophic cardiomyocytes, but could be reversed by enforced expression of miR-16. Cyclins D1, D2 and E1, not pRb, were further validated to be modulated post-transcriptionally by miR-16. In addition, the signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 and c-Myc were activated during myocardial hypertrophy, and inhibitions of them prevented miR-16 attenuation. Therefore, attenuation of miR-16 provoke cardiomyocyte hypertrophy via derepressing the cyclins D1, D2 and E1, and activating cyclin/Rb pathway, revealing that miR-16 might be a target to manage cardiac hypertrophy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Huang
- Medical Research Department of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Gao H, Feng XJ, Li ZM, Li M, Gao S, He YH, Wang JJ, Zeng SY, Liu XP, Huang XY, Chen SR, Liu PQ. Downregulation of adipose triglyceride lipase promotes cardiomyocyte hypertrophy by triggering the accumulation of ceramides. Arch Biochem Biophys 2014; 565:76-88. [PMID: 25436917 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2014.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), the rate-limiting enzyme of triglyceride (TG) hydrolysis, plays an important role in TG metabolism. ATGL knockout mice suffer from TG accumulation and die from heart failure. However, the mechanisms underlying cardiac hypertrophy caused by ATGL dysfunction remain unknown. In this study, we found that ATGL expression declined in pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy in vivo and phenylephrine (PE)-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in vitro. ATGL knockdown led to cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, while ATGL overexpression prevented PE-induced hypertrophy. In addition, ATGL downregulation increased but ATGL overexpression reduced the contents of ceramide, which has been proved to be closely associated with cardiac hypertrophy. Moreover, the accumulation of ceramide was due to elevation of free fatty acids in ATGL-knockdown cardiomyocytes, which could be explained by the reduced activity of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α leading to imbalance of fatty acid uptake and oxidation. These observations suggest that downregulation of ATGL causes the decreased PPARα activity which results in the imbalance of FA uptake and oxidation, elevating intracellular FFA contents to promote the accumulation of ceramides, and finally inducing cardiac hypertrophy. Upregulation of ATGL could be a strategy for ameliorating lipotoxic damage in cardiac hypertrophy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Gao
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jishou University, Jishou, PR China
| | - Xiao-jun Feng
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zhuo-ming Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Si Gao
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yan-hong He
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jiao-jiao Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Si-yu Zeng
- Pharmaceutical Department, The Second's People Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xue-ping Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiao-yang Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Shao-rui Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.
| | - Pei-qing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Dong M, Ding W, Liao Y, Liu Y, Yan D, Zhang Y, Wang R, Zheng N, Liu S, Liu J. Polydatin prevents hypertrophy in phenylephrine induced neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes and pressure-overload mouse models. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 746:186-97. [PMID: 25449040 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that polydatin (PD), a resveratrol glucoside, may have beneficial actions on the cardiac hypertrophy. Therefore, the current study focused on the underlying mechanism of the PD anti-hypertrophic effect in cultured cardiomyocytes and in progression from cardiac hypertrophy to heart failure in vivo. Experiments were performed on cultured neonatal rat, ventricular myocytes as well as adult mice subjected to transverse aortic constriction (TAC). Treatment of cardiomyocytes with phenylephrine for three days produced a marked hypertrophic effect as evidenced by significantly increased cell surface area and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) protein expression. These effects were attenuated by PD in a concentration-dependent manner with a complete inhibition of hypertrophy at the concentration of 50 µM. Phenylephrine increased ROCK activity, as well as intracellular reactive oxygen species production and lipid peroxidation. The oxidizing agent DTDP similarly increased Rho kinase (ROCK) activity and induced hypertrophic remodeling. PD treatment inhibited phenylephrine-induced oxidative stress and consequently suppressed ROCK activation in cardiomyocytes. Hypertrophic remodeling and heart failure were demonstrated in mice subjected to 13 weeks of TAC. Upregulation of ROCK signaling pathway was also evident in TAC mice. PD treatment significantly attenuated the increased ROCK activity, associated with a markedly reduced hypertrophic response and improved cardiac function. Our results demonstrated a robust anti-hypertrophic remodeling effect of polydatin, which is mediated by inhibition of reactive oxygen species dependent ROCK activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Dong
- Medical College, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenwen Ding
- Department of Pathophysiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yansong Liao
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, The University of Hongkong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ye Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Hebei 050017, China
| | - Dewen Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Medical College, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Rongming Wang
- Medical College, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Na Zheng
- Medical College, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuaiye Liu
- Medical College, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Medical College, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Tumor suppressor gene ING3 induces cardiomyocyte hypertrophy via inhibition of AMPK and activation of p38 MAPK signaling. Arch Biochem Biophys 2014; 562:22-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2014.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
48
|
Lauriol J, Keith K, Jaffré F, Couvillon A, Saci A, Goonasekera SA, McCarthy JR, Kessinger CW, Wang J, Ke Q, Kang PM, Molkentin JD, Carpenter C, Kontaridis MI. RhoA signaling in cardiomyocytes protects against stress-induced heart failure but facilitates cardiac fibrosis. Sci Signal 2014; 7:ra100. [PMID: 25336613 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2005262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The Ras-related guanosine triphosphatase RhoA mediates pathological cardiac hypertrophy, but also promotes cell survival and is cardioprotective after ischemia/reperfusion injury. To understand how RhoA mediates these opposing roles in the myocardium, we generated mice with a cardiomyocyte-specific deletion of RhoA. Under normal conditions, the hearts from these mice showed functional, structural, and growth parameters similar to control mice. Additionally, the hearts of the cardiomyocyte-specific, RhoA-deficient mice subjected to transverse aortic constriction (TAC)-a procedure that induces pressure overload and, if prolonged, heart failure-exhibited a similar amount of hypertrophy as those of the wild-type mice subjected to TAC. Thus, neither normal cardiac homeostasis nor the initiation of compensatory hypertrophy required RhoA in cardiomyocytes. However, in response to chronic TAC, hearts from mice with cardiomyocyte-specific deletion of RhoA showed greater dilation, with thinner ventricular walls and larger chamber dimensions, and more impaired contractile function than those from control mice subjected to chronic TAC. These effects were associated with aberrant calcium signaling, as well as decreased activity of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) and AKT. In addition, hearts from mice with cardiomyocyte-specific RhoA deficiency also showed less fibrosis in response to chronic TAC, with decreased transcriptional activation of genes involved in fibrosis, including myocardin response transcription factor (MRTF) and serum response factor (SRF), suggesting that the fibrotic response to stress in the heart depends on cardiomyocyte-specific RhoA signaling. Our data indicated that RhoA regulates multiple pathways in cardiomyocytes, mediating both cardioprotective (hypertrophy without dilation) and cardio-deleterious effects (fibrosis).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Lauriol
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kimberly Keith
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Fabrice Jaffré
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anthony Couvillon
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Abdel Saci
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sanjeewa A Goonasekera
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Jason R McCarthy
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Chase W Kessinger
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jianxun Wang
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Qingen Ke
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Peter M Kang
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jeffery D Molkentin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | | | - Maria I Kontaridis
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Dai WJ, Dong Q, Chen MS, Zhao LN, Chen AL, Li ZC, Liu SM. Alterations in cardiac structure and function in a modified rat model of myocardial hypertrophy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 34:626-633. [PMID: 25318869 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-014-1328-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
This study was aimed to establish a stable animal model of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) to provide theoretical and experimental basis for understanding the development of LVH. The abdominal aorta of male Wistar rats (80-100 g) was constricted to a diameter of 0.55 mm between the branches of the celiac and anterior mesenteric arteries. Echocardiography using a linear phased array probe was performed as well as pathological examination and plasma B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) measurement at 3, 4 and 6 weeks after abdominal aortic constriction (AAC). The results showed that the acute mortality rate (within 24 h) of this modified rat model was 8%. Animals who underwent AAC demonstrated significantly increased interventricular septal (IVS), LV posterior wall (LVPWd), LV mass index (LVMI), cross-sectional area (CSA) of myocytes, and perivascular fibrosis; the ejection fraction (EF), fractional shortening (FS), and cardiac output (CO) were consistently lower at each time point after AAC. Notably, differences in these parameters between AAC group and sham group were significant by 3 weeks and reached peaks at 4th week. Following AAC, the plasma BNP was gradually elevated compared with the sham group at 3rd and 6th week. It was concluded that this modified AAC model can develop LVH, both stably and safely, by week four post-surgery; echocardiography is able to assess changes in chamber dimensions and systolic properties accurately in rats with LVH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jun Dai
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Qi Dong
- Department of Physiology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510182, China
| | - Min-Sheng Chen
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou, 510260, China.
| | - Lu-Ning Zhao
- Department of Medical Experimental Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510182, China
| | - Ai-Lan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Zhen-Ci Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Municipal People's Hospital of Guangzhou, Guangzhou Medical College, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Shi-Ming Liu
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
Rho kinase (ROCK) is a major downstream effector of the small GTPase RhoA. ROCK family, consisting of ROCK1 and ROCK2, plays central roles in the organization of actin cytoskeleton and is involved in a wide range of fundamental cellular functions, such as contraction, adhesion, migration, proliferation, and apoptosis. Due to the discovery of effective inhibitors, such as fasudil and Y27632, the biological roles of ROCK have been extensively explored with particular attention on the cardiovascular system. In many preclinical models of cardiovascular diseases, including vasospasm, arteriosclerosis, hypertension, pulmonary hypertension, stroke, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and heart failure, ROCK inhibitors have shown a remarkable efficacy in reducing vascular smooth muscle cell hypercontraction, endothelial dysfunction, inflammatory cell recruitment, vascular remodeling, and cardiac remodeling. Moreover, fasudil has been used in the clinical trials of several cardiovascular diseases. The continuing utilization of available pharmacological inhibitors and the development of more potent or isoform-selective inhibitors in ROCK signaling research and in treating human diseases are escalating. In this review, we discuss the recent molecular, cellular, animal, and clinical studies with a focus on the current understanding of ROCK signaling in cardiovascular physiology and diseases. We particularly note that emerging evidence suggests that selective targeting ROCK isoform based on the disease pathophysiology may represent a novel therapeutic approach for the disease treatment including cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
|