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Chung YT, Yeh CY, Chen CC, Lai CH, Lin YH, Lin CY, Shu YC, Ko NY. Early changes in skin surface temperature predict body temperature increases in patients with fever: A pilot study. Intensive Crit Care Nurs 2024; 83:103652. [PMID: 38402650 DOI: 10.1016/j.iccn.2024.103652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the correlation between body temperature and skin surface temperature in intensive care unit patients and to identify specific indicators of skin surface temperature for early fever detection. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY/DESIGN This pilot study was a prospective, observational investigation conducted at National Cheng Kung University Hospital in Tainan, Taiwan. A total of 54 patients admitted to the Surgical Intensive Care Unit of a tertiary hospital between April and August 2020 were included. Patients utilized the wearable device HEARThremoTM to continuously monitor skin surface temperature and heart rate. Analysis of Variance was applied to identify the association of skin surface temperature with different body temperature groups. The comparison between skin surface temperature and fever over eight time intervals was studied using a generalized estimating equation. RESULTS In 34 patients (63 %) with a fever (≥38 °C), skin surface temperature increased (P < 0.001) when body temperature increased. The maximum skin surface temperature was significantly associated with fever 180-210 min before the fever events occurred (OR: 2.22, 95 % CI: 1.30-3.80). The mean skin surface temperature was associated with fever 120-150 min before the fever events (OR: 8.70, 95 % CI: 2.08-36.36). CONCLUSIONS Skin surface temperature can be an important early predictive sign before the onset of fever. Continuous temperature monitoring can detect fever early and initiate treatment in advance. This study serves as a preliminary exploration in this area, laying the groundwork for future comprehensive research. IMPLICATIONS FOR CLINICAL PRACTICE Continuous monitoring of skin surface temperature empowers nurses to swiftly detect fever, transcending conventional methods. This proactive approach allows for the early identification of physiological abnormalities, facilitating the prompt initiation of further physical assessments and relevant examinations for early treatment commencement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ting Chung
- Department of Nursing, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yin Yeh
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Chun Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Arizona, America
| | - Chao-Han Lai
- Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsuan Lin
- Office of Geriatric Hospital, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ying Lin
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Shu
- Department of Mathematics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Nai-Ying Ko
- Department of Nursing, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Grajales-Reyes JG, Chen B, Meseguer D, Schneeberger M. Burning Question: How Does Our Brain Process Positive and Negative Cues Associated with Thermosensation? Physiology (Bethesda) 2024; 39:0. [PMID: 38536114 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00034.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Whether it is the dramatic suffocating sensation from a heat wave in the summer or the positive reinforcement arising from a hot drink on a cold day; we can certainly agree that our thermal environment underlies our daily rhythms of sensation. Extensive research has focused on deciphering the central circuits responsible for conveying the impact of thermogenesis on mammalian behavior. Here, we revise the recent literature responsible for defining the behavioral correlates that arise from thermogenic fluctuations in mammals. We transition from the physiological significance of thermosensation to the circuitry responsible for the autonomic or behavioral responses associated with it. Subsequently, we delve into the positive and negative valence encoded by thermoregulatory processes. Importantly, we emphasize the crucial junctures where reward, pain, and thermoregulation intersect, unveiling a complex interplay within these neural circuits. Finally, we briefly outline fundamental questions that are pending to be addressed in the field. Fully deciphering the thermoregulatory circuitry in mammals will have far-reaching medical implications. For instance, it may lead to the identification of novel targets to overcome thermal pain or allow the maintenance of our core temperature in prolonged surgeries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose G Grajales-Reyes
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Bandy Chen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Laboratory of Neurovascular Control of Homeostasis, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
- Wu Tsai Institute for Mind and Brain, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - David Meseguer
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Laboratory of Neurovascular Control of Homeostasis, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
- Wu Tsai Institute for Mind and Brain, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Marc Schneeberger
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Laboratory of Neurovascular Control of Homeostasis, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
- Wu Tsai Institute for Mind and Brain, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
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3
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Guo YY, Wang X, Liu F, Zhang J, Wang SS, Zhao X, Wang Z, Xu D. Adjustments in energy metabolism of brown adipose tissue in heat-acclimated Kunming mice. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2024; 274:111000. [PMID: 38879151 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2024.111000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
The thermogenic capacity of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in rodents decreases with prolonged heat exposure. However, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. In this study, Kunming mice were acclimated at 23 ± 1 °C and 33 ± 1 °C for four weeks each to examine the body heat balance and BAT alterations. Results showed that heat-acclimated Kunming mice exhibited reduced body mass and elevated body temperature. Additionally, they displayed lower resting metabolic rates, diminished non-shivering thermogenesis, and reduced BAT thermogenic function. Metabolically, there was a significant reduction in several key metabolites involved in energy metabolism in BAT, including thiamine pyrophosphate, citric acid, cis-Aconitate, isocitric acid, oxoglutaric acid, succinate, fumarate, L-Malic acid, oxaloacetate, flavin mononucleotide, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, and adenosine 5'-triphosphate. These findings suggest that BAT adapts to heat acclimation by regulating pathways related to pyruvate oxidation, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation, which may help maintain thermal homeostasis in Kunming mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Yang Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Xinyue Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Fangyan Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Junyu Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Shan-Shan Wang
- Qufu Municipal Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Deli Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China.
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Rogers JF, Vandendoren M, Prather JF, Landen JG, Bedford NL, Nelson AC. Neural cell-types and circuits linking thermoregulation and social behavior. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 161:105667. [PMID: 38599356 PMCID: PMC11163828 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Understanding how social and affective behavioral states are controlled by neural circuits is a fundamental challenge in neurobiology. Despite increasing understanding of central circuits governing prosocial and agonistic interactions, how bodily autonomic processes regulate these behaviors is less resolved. Thermoregulation is vital for maintaining homeostasis, but also associated with cognitive, physical, affective, and behavioral states. Here, we posit that adjusting body temperature may be integral to the appropriate expression of social behavior and argue that understanding neural links between behavior and thermoregulation is timely. First, changes in behavioral states-including social interaction-often accompany changes in body temperature. Second, recent work has uncovered neural populations controlling both thermoregulatory and social behavioral pathways. We identify additional neural populations that, in separate studies, control social behavior and thermoregulation, and highlight their relevance to human and animal studies. Third, dysregulation of body temperature is linked to human neuropsychiatric disorders. Although body temperature is a "hidden state" in many neurobiological studies, it likely plays an underappreciated role in regulating social and affective states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph F Rogers
- Department of Zoology & Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA; University of Wyoming Sensory Biology Center, USA
| | - Morgane Vandendoren
- Department of Zoology & Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA; University of Wyoming Sensory Biology Center, USA
| | - Jonathan F Prather
- Department of Zoology & Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Jason G Landen
- Department of Zoology & Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA; University of Wyoming Sensory Biology Center, USA
| | - Nicole L Bedford
- Department of Zoology & Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Adam C Nelson
- Department of Zoology & Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA; University of Wyoming Sensory Biology Center, USA.
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Haraguchi T, Emoto T. Stimulus-Response Plots as a Novel Bowel-Sound-Based Method for Evaluating Motor Response to Drinking in Healthy People. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:3054. [PMID: 38793909 PMCID: PMC11125318 DOI: 10.3390/s24103054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Constipation is a common gastrointestinal disorder that impairs quality of life. Evaluating bowel motility via traditional methods, such as MRI and radiography, is expensive and inconvenient. Bowel sound (BS) analysis has been proposed as an alternative, with BS-time-domain acoustic features (BSTDAFs) being effective for evaluating bowel motility via several food and drink consumption tests. However, the effect of BSTDAFs before drink consumption on those after drink consumption is yet to be investigated. This study used BS-based stimulus-response plots (BSSRPs) to investigate this effect on 20 participants who underwent drinking tests. A strong negative correlation was observed between the number of BSs per minute before carbonated water consumption and the ratio of that before and after carbonated water consumption. However, a similar trend was not observed when the participants drank cold water. These findings suggest that when carbonated water is drunk, bowel motility before ingestion affects motor response to ingestion. This study provides a non-invasive BS-based approach for evaluating motor response to food and drink, offering a new research window for investigators in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeyuki Haraguchi
- Science and Technology, Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan;
| | - Takahiro Emoto
- Division of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
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Fischer S, Naegeli K, Cardone D, Filippini C, Merla A, Hanusch KU, Ehlert U. Emerging effects of temperature on human cognition, affect, and behaviour. Biol Psychol 2024; 189:108791. [PMID: 38599369 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2024.108791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Human body core temperature is tightly regulated within approximately 37 °C. Global near surface temperature has increased by over 1.2 °C between 1850 and 2020. In light of the challenge this poses to human thermoregulation, the present perspective article sought to provide an overview on the effects of varying ambient and body temperature on cognitive, affective, and behavioural domains of functioning. To this end, an overview of observational and experimental studies in healthy individuals and individuals with mental disorders was provided. Within body core temperature at approximately 37 °C, relatively lower ambient and skin temperatures appear to evoke a need for social connection, whereas comparably higher temperatures appear to facilitate notions of other as closer and more sociable. Above-average ambient temperatures are associated with increased conflicts as well as incident psychotic and depressive symptoms, mental disorders, and suicide. With mild hypo- and hyperthermia, paradoxical effects are observed: whereas the acute states are generally characterised by impairments in cognitive performance, anxiety, and irritability, individuals with depression experience longer-term symptom improvements with treatments deliberately inducing these states for brief amounts of time. When taken together, it has thus become clear that temperature is inexorably associated with human cognition, affect, and (potentially) behaviour. Given the projected increase in global warming, further research into the affective and behavioural sequelae of heat and the mechanisms translating it into mental health outcomes is urgently warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Fischer
- University of Zurich, Institute of Psychology, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Kathrin Naegeli
- University of Zurich, Department of Geography, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Cardone
- University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Department of Engineering and Geology, Chieti, Italy
| | - Chiara Filippini
- University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Department of Engineering and Geology, Chieti, Italy
| | - Arcangelo Merla
- University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Department of Engineering and Geology, Chieti, Italy
| | - Kay-Uwe Hanusch
- Bern University of Applied Sciences, Department of Health Sciences, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Ulrike Ehlert
- University of Zurich, Institute of Psychology, Zurich, Switzerland
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Shin J, Lee Y, Ju SH, Jung YJ, Sim D, Lee SJ. Unveiling the Potential of Natural Compounds: A Comprehensive Review on Adipose Thermogenesis Modulation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4915. [PMID: 38732127 PMCID: PMC11084502 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The process of adipocyte browning has recently emerged as a novel therapeutic target for combating obesity and obesity-related diseases. Non-shivering thermogenesis is the process of biological heat production in mammals and is primarily mediated via brown adipose tissue (BAT). The recruitment and activation of BAT can be induced through chemical drugs and nutrients, with subsequent beneficial health effects through the utilization of carbohydrates and fats to generate heat to maintain body temperature. However, since potent drugs may show adverse side effects, nutritional or natural substances could be safe and effective as potential adipocyte browning agents. This review aims to provide an extensive overview of the natural food compounds that have been shown to activate brown adipocytes in humans, animals, and in cultured cells. In addition, some key genetic and molecular targets and the mechanisms of action of these natural compounds reported to have therapeutic potential to combat obesity are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeeun Shin
- Division of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02855, Republic of Korea; (J.S.); (Y.L.); (S.H.J.); (Y.J.J.); (D.S.)
| | - Yeonho Lee
- Division of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02855, Republic of Korea; (J.S.); (Y.L.); (S.H.J.); (Y.J.J.); (D.S.)
| | - Seong Hun Ju
- Division of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02855, Republic of Korea; (J.S.); (Y.L.); (S.H.J.); (Y.J.J.); (D.S.)
| | - Young Jae Jung
- Division of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02855, Republic of Korea; (J.S.); (Y.L.); (S.H.J.); (Y.J.J.); (D.S.)
| | - Daehyeon Sim
- Division of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02855, Republic of Korea; (J.S.); (Y.L.); (S.H.J.); (Y.J.J.); (D.S.)
| | - Sung-Joon Lee
- Department of Food Bioscience and Technology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02855, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, BK21 Four Institute of Precision Public Health, Korea University, Seoul 02846, Republic of Korea
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Chen X, Wu H, Li P, Peng W, Wang Y, Zhang X, Zhang A, Li J, Meng F, Wang W, Su W. Unraveling the Mechanism of Xiaochaihu Granules in Alleviating Yeast-Induced Fever Based on Network Analysis and Experimental Validation. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:475. [PMID: 38675434 PMCID: PMC11053540 DOI: 10.3390/ph17040475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Xiaochaihu granules (XCHG) are extensively used to treat fever. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. This study aimed to explore the potential of XCHG in mitigating yeast-induced fever and the underlying metabolic pathways. The chemical composition of XCHG was ascertained using ultra-fast liquid chromatography/quadrupole-time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UFLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS), followed by integrated network analysis to predict potential targets. We then conducted experimental validation using pharmacological assays and metabolomics analysis in a yeast-induced mouse fever model. The study identified 133 compounds in XCHG, resulting in the development of a comprehensive network of herb-compound-biological functional modules. Subsequently, molecular dynamic (MD) simulations confirmed the stability of the complexes, including γ-aminobutyric acid B receptor 2 (GABBR2)-saikosaponin C, prostaglandin endoperoxide synthases (PTGS2)-lobetyolin, and NF-κB inhibitor IκBα (NFKBIA)-glycyrrhizic acid. Animal experiments demonstrated that XCHG reduced yeast-induced elevation in NFKBIA's downstream regulators [interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-8], inhibited PTGS2 activity, and consequently decreased prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels. XCHG also downregulated the levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH), and adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH). These corroborated the network analysis results indicating XCHG's effectiveness against fever in targeting NFKBIA, PTGS2, and GABBR2. The hypothalamus metabolomics analysis identified 14 distinct metabolites as potential antipyretic biomarkers of XCHG. In conclusion, our findings suggest that XCHG alleviates yeast-induced fever by regulating inflammation/immune responses, neuromodulation, and metabolism modules, providing a scientific basis for the anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties of XCHG.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Weiwei Su
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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Machnia M, Douzi W, Jdidi H, Miller E, Dugué B. Impact of regular cold exposure on electrical skin resistance in patients with joint degenerative diseases. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2024; 44:164-170. [PMID: 37861346 DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Common features in chronic inflammatory disease patients (CIDP) are inflammation, mental stress (MS), and autonomic nervous system imbalance. Whole-body cryotherapy (WBC) exposure and regular physical exercise are known to regulate these features. In this study, we assessed the impact of regular physical exercise and the use of WBC exposure in CIDP on the level of electrical skin resistance (SR) to evaluate the skin sympathetic nervous activity and and estimate MS levels. METHODS SR was evaluated before and after a 10-day-period of daily physical exercise preceded or not by WBC (3 min at -110°C) in two groups of 134 CIDP (WBC vs. non-WBC groups). RESULTS At baseline, the number of severe MS patients was similar in both groups. However, after the training period, the number of severe MS patients significantly decreased in the WBC group, only. An increase in SR (a decrease in stress level) was noted in the WBC group only, and such increase was higher in men than in women and in patients younger than 60 versus patients older than 60 years old. CONCLUSION The use of daily WBC combined with physical exercise induced physiological adaptations and lowered the sympathetic nervous activity that may reflect a reduced level of MS in CIDP. These adaptations seem to depend on gender and age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Machnia
- Department of Rehabilitation, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital-Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
| | - Wafa Douzi
- Laboratory « Mobilité, Vieillissement, Exercice (MOVE)-UR 20296 », Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Hela Jdidi
- Laboratory « Mobilité, Vieillissement, Exercice (MOVE)-UR 20296 », Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Elzbieta Miller
- Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Medical University of Lodz Milionowa 14, Lodz, Poland
| | - Benoit Dugué
- Laboratory « Mobilité, Vieillissement, Exercice (MOVE)-UR 20296 », Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
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Mota-Rojas D, Ghezzi MD, Hernández-Ávalos I, Domínguez-Oliva A, Casas-Alvarado A, Lendez PA, Ceriani MC, Wang D. Hypothalamic Neuromodulation of Hypothermia in Domestic Animals. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:513. [PMID: 38338158 PMCID: PMC10854546 DOI: 10.3390/ani14030513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
When an organism detects decreases in their core body temperature, the hypothalamus, the main thermoregulatory center, triggers compensatory responses. These responses include vasomotor changes to prevent heat loss and physiological mechanisms (e.g., shivering and non-shivering thermogenesis) for heat production. Both types of changes require the participation of peripheral thermoreceptors, afferent signaling to the spinal cord and hypothalamus, and efferent pathways to motor and/or sympathetic neurons. The present review aims to analyze the scientific evidence of the hypothalamic control of hypothermia and the central and peripheral changes that are triggered in domestic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Mota-Rojas
- Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, DPAA, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Mexico City 04960, Mexico
| | - Marcelo Daniel Ghezzi
- Animal Welfare Area, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences (FCV), Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), GIB, Tandil 7000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ismael Hernández-Ávalos
- Clinical Pharmacology and Veterinary Anesthesia, Biological Sciences Department, FESC, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuautitlán 54714, Mexico
| | - Adriana Domínguez-Oliva
- Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, DPAA, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Mexico City 04960, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Casas-Alvarado
- Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, DPAA, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Mexico City 04960, Mexico
| | - Pamela Anahí Lendez
- Anatomy Area, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), GIB/CISAPA, Tandil 7000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Carolina Ceriani
- Anatomy Area, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), GIB/CISAPA, Tandil 7000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Dehua Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
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Schroeder HT, De Lemos Muller CH, Heck TG, Krause M, Homem de Bittencourt PI. Heat shock response during the resolution of inflammation and its progressive suppression in chronic-degenerative inflammatory diseases. Cell Stress Chaperones 2024; 29:116-142. [PMID: 38244765 PMCID: PMC10939074 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstres.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The heat shock response (HSR) is a crucial biochemical pathway that orchestrates the resolution of inflammation, primarily under proteotoxic stress conditions. This process hinges on the upregulation of heat shock proteins (HSPs) and other chaperones, notably the 70 kDa family of heat shock proteins, under the command of the heat shock transcription factor-1. However, in the context of chronic degenerative disorders characterized by persistent low-grade inflammation (such as insulin resistance, obesity, type 2 diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and cardiovascular diseases) a gradual suppression of the HSR does occur. This work delves into the mechanisms behind this phenomenon. It explores how the Western diet and sedentary lifestyle, culminating in the endoplasmic reticulum stress within adipose tissue cells, trigger a cascade of events. This cascade includes the unfolded protein response and activation of the NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein-3 inflammasome, leading to the emergence of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype and the propagation of inflammation throughout the body. Notably, the activation of the NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein-3 inflammasome not only fuels inflammation but also sabotages the HSR by degrading human antigen R, a crucial mRNA-binding protein responsible for maintaining heat shock transcription factor-1 mRNA expression and stability on heat shock gene promoters. This paper underscores the imperative need to comprehend how chronic inflammation stifles the HSR and the clinical significance of evaluating the HSR using cost-effective and accessible tools. Such understanding is pivotal in the development of innovative strategies aimed at the prevention and treatment of these chronic inflammatory ailments, which continue to take a heavy toll on global health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Trevisan Schroeder
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (FisCel), Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Carlos Henrique De Lemos Muller
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Metabolism and Exercise Research (LAPIMEX), Department of Physiology, ICBS, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Thiago Gomes Heck
- Post Graduate Program in Integral Health Care (PPGAIS-UNIJUÍ/UNICRUZ/URI), Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande Do Sul State (UNIJUI) and Post Graduate Program in Mathematical and Computational Modeling (PPGMMC), UNIJUI, Ijuí, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Krause
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Metabolism and Exercise Research (LAPIMEX), Department of Physiology, ICBS, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Paulo Ivo Homem de Bittencourt
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (FisCel), Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Schroeder HT, De Lemos Muller CH, Heck TG, Krause M, Homem de Bittencourt PI. The dance of proteostasis and metabolism: Unveiling the caloristatic controlling switch. Cell Stress Chaperones 2024; 29:175-200. [PMID: 38331164 PMCID: PMC10939077 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstres.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The heat shock response (HSR) is an ancient and evolutionarily conserved mechanism designed to restore cellular homeostasis following proteotoxic challenges. However, it has become increasingly evident that disruptions in energy metabolism also trigger the HSR. This interplay between proteostasis and energy regulation is rooted in the fundamental need for ATP to fuel protein synthesis and repair, making the HSR an essential component of cellular energy management. Recent findings suggest that the origins of proteostasis-defending systems can be traced back over 3.6 billion years, aligning with the emergence of sugar kinases that optimized glycolysis around 3.594 billion years ago. This evolutionary connection is underscored by the spatial similarities between the nucleotide-binding domain of HSP70, the key player in protein chaperone machinery, and hexokinases. The HSR serves as a hub that integrates energy metabolism and resolution of inflammation, further highlighting its role in maintaining cellular homeostasis. Notably, 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase emerges as a central regulator, promoting the HSR during predominantly proteotoxic stress while suppressing it in response to predominantly metabolic stress. The complex relationship between 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase and the HSR is finely tuned, with paradoxical effects observed under different stress conditions. This delicate equilibrium, known as caloristasis, ensures that cellular homeostasis is maintained despite shifting environmental and intracellular conditions. Understanding the caloristatic controlling switch at the heart of this interplay is crucial. It offers insights into a wide range of conditions, including glycemic control, obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, reproductive abnormalities, and the optimization of exercise routines. These findings highlight the profound interconnectedness of proteostasis and energy metabolism in cellular function and adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Trevisan Schroeder
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (FisCel) Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Carlos Henrique De Lemos Muller
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Metabolism and Exercise Research (LAPIMEX), Department of Physiology, ICBS, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Thiago Gomes Heck
- Post Graduate Program in Integral Health Care (PPGAIS-UNIJUÍ/UNICRUZ/URI), Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande Do Sul State (UNIJUI) and Post Graduate Program in Mathematical and Computational Modeling (PPGMMC), UNIJUI, Ijuí, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Krause
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Metabolism and Exercise Research (LAPIMEX), Department of Physiology, ICBS, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Paulo Ivo Homem de Bittencourt
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (FisCel) Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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13
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Zhu Y, Liu W, Qi Z. Adipose tissue browning and thermogenesis under physiologically energetic challenges: a remodelled thermogenic system. J Physiol 2024; 602:23-48. [PMID: 38019069 DOI: 10.1113/jp285269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes are often thought to be caused by reduced energy expenditure, which poses a serious threat to human health. Cold exposure, exercise and caloric restriction have been shown to promote adipose tissue browning and thermogenesis. These physiological interventions increase energy expenditure and thus have emerged as promising strategies for mitigating metabolic disorders. However, that increased adipose tissue browning and thermogenesis elevate thermogenic consumption is not a reasonable explanation when humans and animals confront energetic challenges imposed by these interventions. In this review, we collected numerous results on adipose tissue browning and whitening and evaluated this bi-directional conversion of adipocytes from the perspective of energy homeostasis. Here, we propose a new interpretation of the role of adipose tissue browning under energetic challenges: increased adipose tissue browning and thermogenesis under energy challenge is not to enhance energy expenditure, but to reestablish a more economical thermogenic pattern to maintain the core body temperature. This can be achieved by enhancing the contribution of non-shivering thermogenesis (adipose tissue browning and thermogenesis) and lowering shivering thermogenesis and high intensity shivering. Consequently, the proportion of heat production in fat increases and that in skeletal muscle decreases, enabling skeletal muscle to devote more energy reserves to overcoming environmental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupeng Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- School of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Sino-French Joint Research Center of Sport Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weina Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- School of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengtang Qi
- The Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- School of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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14
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Uyanga VA, Bello SF, Qian X, Chao N, Li H, Zhao J, Wang X, Jiao H, Onagbesan OM, Lin H. Transcriptomics analysis unveils key potential genes associated with brain development and feeding behavior in the hypothalamus of L-citrulline-fed broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2023; 102:103136. [PMID: 37844531 PMCID: PMC10585647 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
High ambient temperature is a major environmental stressor affecting poultry production, especially in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Nutritional interventions have been adopted to combat thermal stress in poultry, including the use of amino acids. L-citrulline is a nonessential amino acid that is involved in nitric oxide generation and thermoregulation, however, the molecular mechanisms behind L-citrulline's regulation of body temperature are still unascertained. This study investigated the global gene expression in the hypothalamus of chickens fed either basal diet or L-citrulline-supplemented diets under different housing temperatures. Ross 308 broilers were fed with basal diet (CON) or 1% L-citrulline diet (LCT) from day-old, and later subjected to 2 environmental temperatures in a 2 by 2 factorial arrangement as follows; basal diet-fed chickens housed at 24°C (CON-TN); L-citrulline diet-fed chickens housed at 24°C (LCT-TN); basal diet-fed chickens housed at 35°C (CON-HS), and L-citrulline diet-fed chickens housed at 35°C (LCT-HS) from 22 to 42 d of age. At 42-days old, hypothalamic tissues were collected for mRNA analyses and RNA sequencing. A total of 1,019 million raw reads were generated and about 82.59 to 82.96% were uniquely mapped to genes. The gene ontology (GO) term between the CON-TN and LCT-TN groups revealed significant enrichments of pathways such as central nervous system development, and Wnt signaling pathway. On the other hand, GO terms between the CON-HS and LCT-HS groups revealed enrichments in the regulation of corticosteroid release, regulation of feeding behavior, and regulation of inflammatory response. Several potential candidate genes were identified to be responsible for central nervous system development (EMX2, WFIKKN2, SLC6A4 Wnt10a, and PHOX2B), and regulation of feed intake (NPY, AgRP, GAL, POMC, and NMU) in chickens. Therefore, this study unveils that L-citrulline can influence transcripts associated with brain development, feeding behavior, energy metabolism, and thermoregulation in chickens raised under different ambient temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Anthony Uyanga
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China; Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Semiu Folaniyi Bello
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin Qian
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China
| | - Ning Chao
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China
| | - Haifang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Jingpeng Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China
| | - Hongchao Jiao
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China
| | - Okanlawon M Onagbesan
- Department of Animal Physiology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Hai Lin
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China.
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15
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Choi KS, Roh HT, Cho SY. The Impact of Neck Cooling on Serum Oxidant/Antioxidant Status and HSP70 Levels during High-Intensity Cycling. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2178. [PMID: 38004318 PMCID: PMC10672271 DOI: 10.3390/life13112178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have been conducted in an attempt to discover cooling strategies that can be effective in improving exercise performance. However, the mechanism by which neck cooling relieves exercise-induced physiological stress and the optimal cooling temperature are unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of neck cooling at different temperatures during high-intensity cycling on body temperature, physiological variables, oxidant/antioxidant status, heat shock protein (HSP) 70 levels, and exercise performance in adolescent athletes. Seven well-trained male adolescent cyclists (age, 17.00 ± 0.76 years; athletic career, 3.86 ± 0.90 years) participated in three exercise trials involving three cooling regimens: control (CON), low-temperature (7 °C) neck cooling (LNC), and mixed-temperature (14 + 20 °C) neck cooling (MNC). The experimental condition used a cross-over design to minimize adaption to the repetitive cycling trials. Cycling consisted of a 20 km warm-up session and a two 2 km race session. Neck cooling at different temperatures was administered for 20 min during each rest period: after the warm-up, after the first 2 km race, and after the second 2 km race. Blood samples were taken to assess serum malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and HSP70 levels. In addition, tympanic temperature (Tty), thermal sensation (TS), heart rate (HR), and the saturation of percutaneous oxygen (SpO2) were measured before, immediately after, and 24 h after exercise. As a measure of cycling performance, the race record and speed were measured in the first and second 2 km races. In all trials, Tty, TS, HR, MDA, SOD, and HSP70 levels significantly increased (p < 0.05), and SpO2 levels significantly decreased (p < 0.05). TS significantly decreased 24 h after exercise compared to that immediately after exercise in the LNC and MNC trials (p < 0.05). Serum HSP70 levels were significantly higher 24 h after exercise (0.87 ± 0.10 ng/mL) than immediately after exercise (0.79 ± 0.04 ng/mL) in the CON trial (p < 0.05). Twenty-four hours after exercise, the CON (0.87 ± 0.10 ng/mL) trial showed significantly higher serum HSP70 levels than the LNC (0.73 ± 0.01 ng/mL) trial (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in cycling race record or speed between the trials (p > 0.05). Our findings suggest that neck cooling can induce a positive effect on thermal perception during recovery after cycling and that neck cooling at a relatively low temperature may be more effective in reducing exercise-induced HSP70 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Su Choi
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physical Education, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Tae Roh
- Division of Sports Science, College of Arts and Sports, Sun Moon University, Asan 31460, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Youn Cho
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physical Education, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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16
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Jerem P, Romero LM. It's cool to be stressed: body surface temperatures track sympathetic nervous system activation during acute stress. J Exp Biol 2023; 226:jeb246552. [PMID: 37767773 PMCID: PMC10629684 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.246552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
The acute stress response can be considered the primary evolutionary adaptation to maximise fitness in the face of unpredictable environmental challenges. However, the difficulties of assessing physiology in natural environments mean that comparatively little is known about how response variation influences fitness in free-living animals. Currently, determining acute stress physiology typically involves blood sampling or cardiac monitoring. Both require trapping and handling, interrupting natural behaviour, and potentially biasing our understanding toward trappable species/individuals. Importantly, limits on repeated sampling also restrict response phenotype characterisation, vital for linking stress with fitness. Surface temperature dynamics resulting from peripheral vasomotor activity during acute stress are increasingly promoted as alternative physiological stress indicators, which can be measured non-invasively using infrared thermal imaging, overcoming many limitations of current methods. Nonetheless, which aspects of stress physiology they represent remains unclear, as the underlying mechanisms are unknown. To date, validations have primarily targeted the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, when the sympathetic-adrenal-medullary (SAM) system is likely the primary driver of vasomotor activity during acute stress. To address this deficit, we compared eye and bill region surface temperatures (measured using thermal imaging) with SAM system activity (measured as heart rate variability via electrocardiogram telemetry) in wild-caught captive house sparrows (Passer domesticus) during capture and handling. We found that lower body surface temperatures were associated with increased sympathetic nervous system activation. Consequently, our data confirm that body surface temperatures can act as a proxy for sympathetic activation during acute stress, providing potentially transformative opportunities for linking the acute stress response with fitness in the wild.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Jerem
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, 9700 CC Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
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17
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Leva TM, Whitmire CJ. Thermosensory thalamus: parallel processing across model organisms. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1210949. [PMID: 37901427 PMCID: PMC10611468 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1210949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The thalamus acts as an interface between the periphery and the cortex, with nearly every sensory modality processing information in the thalamocortical circuit. Despite well-established thalamic nuclei for visual, auditory, and tactile modalities, the key thalamic nuclei responsible for innocuous thermosensation remains under debate. Thermosensory information is first transduced by thermoreceptors located in the skin and then processed in the spinal cord. Temperature information is then transmitted to the brain through multiple spinal projection pathways including the spinothalamic tract and the spinoparabrachial tract. While there are fundamental studies of thermal transduction via thermosensitive channels in primary sensory afferents, thermal representation in the spinal projection neurons, and encoding of temperature in the primary cortical targets, comparatively little is known about the intermediate stage of processing in the thalamus. Multiple thalamic nuclei have been implicated in thermal encoding, each with a corresponding cortical target, but without a consensus on the role of each pathway. Here, we review a combination of anatomy, physiology, and behavioral studies across multiple animal models to characterize the thalamic representation of temperature in two proposed thermosensory information streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias M. Leva
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Neuroscience Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institut für Biologie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Clarissa J. Whitmire
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Neuroscience Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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18
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Napolitano F, De Rosa G, Chay-Canul A, Álvarez-Macías A, Pereira AMF, Bragaglio A, Mora-Medina P, Rodríguez-González D, García-Herrera R, Hernández-Ávalos I, Domínguez-Oliva A, Pacelli C, Sabia E, Casas-Alvarado A, Reyes-Sotelo B, Braghieri A. The Challenge of Global Warming in Water Buffalo Farming: Physiological and Behavioral Aspects and Strategies to Face Heat Stress. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3103. [PMID: 37835709 PMCID: PMC10571975 DOI: 10.3390/ani13193103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Water buffaloes have morphological and behavioral characteristics for efficient thermoregulation. However, their health, welfare, and productive performance can be affected by GW. The objective of this review was to analyze the adverse effects of GW on the productive behavior and health of water buffaloes. The physiological, morphological, and behavioral characteristics of the species were discussed to understand the impact of climate change and extreme meteorological events on buffaloes' thermoregulation. In addition, management strategies in buffalo farms, as well as the use of infrared thermography as a method to recognize heat stress in water buffaloes, were addressed. We concluded that heat stress causes a change in energy mobilization to restore animal homeostasis. Preventing hyperthermia limits the physiological, endocrine, and behavioral changes so that they return to thermoneutrality. The use of fans, sprinklers, foggers, and natural sources of water are appropriate additions to current buffalo facilities, and infrared thermography could be used to monitor the thermal states of water buffaloes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Napolitano
- Scuola di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Degli Studi della Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy (C.P.)
| | - Giuseppe De Rosa
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy;
| | - Alfonso Chay-Canul
- División Académica de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa 86025, Mexico
| | - Adolfo Álvarez-Macías
- Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, DPAA, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Mexico City 04960, Mexico; (A.Á.-M.)
| | - Alfredo M. F. Pereira
- Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development (MED), Institute for Advanced Studies and Research, Universidade de Évora, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal;
| | - Andrea Bragaglio
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’Analisi Dell’Economia Agraria (CREA), Research Centre for Engineering and Food Processing, Via Milano 43, 24047 Treviglio, Italy;
| | - Patricia Mora-Medina
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), FESC, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Daniela Rodríguez-González
- Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, DPAA, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Mexico City 04960, Mexico; (A.Á.-M.)
| | - Ricardo García-Herrera
- División Académica de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa 86025, Mexico
| | - Ismael Hernández-Ávalos
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), FESC, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Adriana Domínguez-Oliva
- Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, DPAA, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Mexico City 04960, Mexico; (A.Á.-M.)
| | - Corrado Pacelli
- Scuola di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Degli Studi della Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy (C.P.)
| | - Emilio Sabia
- Scuola di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Degli Studi della Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy (C.P.)
| | - Alejandro Casas-Alvarado
- Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, DPAA, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Mexico City 04960, Mexico; (A.Á.-M.)
| | - Brenda Reyes-Sotelo
- Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, DPAA, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Mexico City 04960, Mexico; (A.Á.-M.)
| | - Ada Braghieri
- Scuola di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Degli Studi della Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy (C.P.)
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Wu Y, Wang Q, Granger J, Gaido OR, Aguilar EN, Ludwig A, Moroni A, Bianchet MA, Anderson ME. HCN channels sense temperature and determine heart rate responses to heat. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.02.556046. [PMID: 37693513 PMCID: PMC10491304 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.02.556046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Heart rate increases with heat, [1-3] constituting a fundamental physiological relationship in vertebrates. Each normal heartbeat is initiated by an action potential generated in a sinoatrial nodal pacemaker cell. Pacemaker cells are enriched with hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels (HCN) that deliver cell membrane depolarizing inward current that triggers action potentials. HCN channel current increases due to cAMP binding, a mechanism coupling adrenergic tone to physiological 'fight or flight' heart rate acceleration. However, the mechanism(s) for heart rate response to thermal energy is unknown. We used thermodynamical and homology computational modeling, site-directed mutagenesis and mouse models to identify a concise motif on the S4-S5 linker of the cardiac pacemaker HCN4 channels (M407/Y409) that determines HCN4 current (If) and cardiac pacemaker cell responses to heat. This motif is required for heat sensing in cardiac pacemaker cells and in isolated hearts. In contrast, the cyclic nucleotide binding domain is not required for heat induced HCN4 current increases. However, a loss of function M407/Y409 motif mutation prevented normal heat and cAMP responses, suggesting that heat sensing machinery is essential for operating the cAMP allosteric pathway and is central to HCN4 modulation. The M407/Y409 motif is conserved across all HCN family members suggesting that HCN channels participate broadly in coupling heat to changes in cell membrane excitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuejin Wu
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Qinchuan Wang
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan Granger
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Oscar Reyes Gaido
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eric Nunez Aguilar
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andreas Ludwig
- Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anna Moroni
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Mario A Bianchet
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mark E Anderson
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Medicine and Division of Biological Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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20
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Ward R, McMillan M, Gittel C. Body temperature measurement in anesthetized dogs - comparison of nasal, axillary, rectal and esophageal temperature. TIERARZTLICHE PRAXIS. AUSGABE K, KLEINTIERE/HEIMTIERE 2023; 51:161-167. [PMID: 37567178 DOI: 10.1055/a-2103-3162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate different methods of monitoring body temperature in anesthetized dogs with comparison to core temperature obtained via esophageal probe. METHODS Client-owned dogs undergoing general anesthesia for various procedures were included in this observational study. The temperature was taken sequentially every 10 minutes from the rectum, axilla, and nasal cavity with a digital thermistor thermometer, and compared to esophageal core temperature via paired t-tests. Differences from the gold standard esophageal temperature were assessed via Bland-Altman plots and further evaluated for factors like time under anesthesia and presence of Hypo-/Normo- or Hyperthermia. In addition, it was analyzed whether a correction factor for peripheral measurement sites (nasal cavity and axilla) would be applicable in a reliable representation of the body temperature. The level of significance in all tests was set at p<0.05. RESULTS In this study, 95 simultaneous temperature measurements at the 4 different sites were obtained from 30 dogs. Mean difference and limits of agreement from esophageal temperature for the different measurement methods were 0.0±0.72°C for rectal temperature, -1.2±1.42°C for axillary and -1.0±2.02°C for nasal temperature. Axillary and nasal temperatures were not significantly different (p=0.5721 and p=0.9287, respectively) from esophageal temperature with a +1.2°C and +1°C correction factor, respectively. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE During perioperative temperature measurement in anesthetized patients, rectal and esophageal measurements can be used interchangeable. However, if these are not available, the use of axillary or nasal sites is only reliable after applying a correction factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rob Ward
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Roslin, United Kingdom
- Queen's Veterinary School Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Matt McMillan
- The Ralph Veterinary Referral Centre, Marlow, United Kingdom
- Queen's Veterinary School Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Claudia Gittel
- Queen's Veterinary School Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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21
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Williford KM, Taylor A, Melchior JR, Yoon HJ, Sale E, Negasi MD, Adank DN, Brown JA, Bedenbaugh MN, Luchsinger JR, Centanni SW, Patel S, Calipari ES, Simerly RB, Winder DG. BNST PKCδ neurons are activated by specific aversive conditions to promote anxiety-like behavior. Neuropsychopharmacology 2023; 48:1031-1041. [PMID: 36941364 PMCID: PMC10209190 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-023-01569-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023]
Abstract
The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) is a critical mediator of stress responses and anxiety-like behaviors. Neurons expressing protein kinase C delta (BNSTPKCδ) are an abundant but understudied subpopulation implicated in inhibiting feeding, but which have conflicting reports about their role in anxiety-like behaviors. We have previously shown that expression of PKCδ is dynamically regulated by stress and that BNSTPKCδ cells are recruited during bouts of active stress coping. Here, we first show that in vivo activation of this population is mildly aversive. This aversion was insensitive to prior restraint stress exposure. Further investigation revealed that unlike other BNST subpopulations, BNSTPKCδ cells do not exhibit increased cfos expression following restraint stress. Ex vivo current clamp recordings also indicate they are resistant to firing. To elucidate their afferent control, we next used rabies tracing with whole-brain imaging and channelrhodopsin-assisted circuit mapping, finding that BNSTPKCδ cells receive abundant input from affective, arousal, and sensory regions including the basolateral amygdala (BLA) paraventricular thalamus (PVT) and central amygdala PKCδ-expressing cells (CeAPKCδ). Given these findings, we used in vivo optogenetics and fiber photometry to further examine BNSTPKCδ cells in the context of stress and anxiety-like behavior. We found that BNSTPKCδ cell activity is associated with increased anxiety-like behavior in the elevated plus maze, increases following footshock, and unlike other BNST subpopulations, does not desensitize to repeated stress exposure. Taken together, we propose a model in which BNSTPKCδ cells may serve as threat detectors, integrating exteroceptive and interoceptive information to inform stress coping behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellie M Williford
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Anne Taylor
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - James R Melchior
- Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Hye Jean Yoon
- Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Eryn Sale
- Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Milen D Negasi
- Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Danielle N Adank
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jordan A Brown
- Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Michelle N Bedenbaugh
- Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Joseph R Luchsinger
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Samuel W Centanni
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sachin Patel
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Erin S Calipari
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Richard B Simerly
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Danny G Winder
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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22
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Uchida N. Design of supramolecular nanosheets for drug delivery applications. Polym J 2023; 55:1-8. [PMID: 37359988 PMCID: PMC10169173 DOI: 10.1038/s41428-023-00788-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Two specific concepts have emerged in the field of materials science over the last several decades: nanosheets and supramolecular polymers. More recently, supramolecular nanosheets, in which these two concepts are integrated, have attracted particular attention, and they exhibit many fascinating characteristics. This review focuses on the design and applications of supramolecular nanosheets consisting of tubulin proteins and phospholipid membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Uchida
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588 Japan
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
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23
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Bienboire-Frosini C, Muns R, Marcet-Rius M, Gazzano A, Villanueva-García D, Martínez-Burnes J, Domínguez-Oliva A, Lezama-García K, Casas-Alvarado A, Mota-Rojas D. Vitality in Newborn Farm Animals: Adverse Factors, Physiological Responses, Pharmacological Therapies, and Physical Methods to Increase Neonate Vigor. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13091542. [PMID: 37174579 PMCID: PMC10177313 DOI: 10.3390/ani13091542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitality is the vigor newborn animals exhibit during the first hours of life. It can be assessed by a numerical score, in which variables, such as heart rate, respiratory rate, mucous membranes' coloration, time the offspring took to stand up, and meconium staining, are monitored. Vitality can be affected by several factors, and therapies are used to increase it. This manuscript aims to review and analyze pharmacological and physical therapies used to increase vitality in newborn farm animals, as well as to understand the factors affecting this vitality, such as hypoxia, depletion of glycogen, birth weight, dystocia, neurodevelopment, hypothermia, and finally, the physiological mechanism to achieve thermostability. It has been concluded that assessing vitality immediately after birth is essential to determine the newborn's health and identify those that need medical intervention to minimize the deleterious effect of intrapartum asphyxia. Vitality assessment should be conducted by trained personnel and adequate equipment. Evaluating vitality could reduce long-term neonatal morbidity and mortality in domestic animals, even if it is sometimes difficult with the current organization of some farms. This review highlights the importance of increasing the number of stock people during the expected days of parturitions to reduce long-term neonatal morbidity and mortality, and thus, improve the farm's performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Bienboire-Frosini
- Department of Molecular Biology and Chemical Communication, Research Institute in Semiochemistry and Applied Ethology (IRSEA), 84400 Apt, France
| | - Ramon Muns
- Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Hillsborough BT 26 6DR, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Míriam Marcet-Rius
- Animal Behaviour and Welfare Department, Research Institute in Semiochemistry and Applied Ethology (IRSEA), 84400 Apt, France
| | - Angelo Gazzano
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Dina Villanueva-García
- Division of Neonatology, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Julio Martínez-Burnes
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Victoria City 87000, Mexico
| | - Adriana Domínguez-Oliva
- Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Hillsborough BT 26 6DR, Northern Ireland, UK
- Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, DPAA, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Xochimilco Campus, Mexico City 04960, Mexico
| | - Karina Lezama-García
- Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, DPAA, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Xochimilco Campus, Mexico City 04960, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Casas-Alvarado
- Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, DPAA, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Xochimilco Campus, Mexico City 04960, Mexico
| | - Daniel Mota-Rojas
- Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, DPAA, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Xochimilco Campus, Mexico City 04960, Mexico
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24
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Mota CMD, Madden CJ. Mediobasal hypothalamic neurons contribute to the control of brown adipose tissue sympathetic nerve activity and cutaneous vasoconstriction. J Therm Biol 2023; 114:103551. [PMID: 37216765 PMCID: PMC10330581 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) contains heterogeneous neuronal populations that regulate food intake and energy expenditure. However, the role of MBH neurons in the neural control of thermoeffector activity for thermoregulation is not known. This study sought to determine the effects of modulating the activity of MBH neurons on the sympathetic outflow to brown adipose tissue (BAT), BAT thermogenesis, and cutaneous vasomotion. Pharmacological inhibition of MBH neurons by local administration of muscimol, a GABAA receptor agonist, reduced skin cooling-evoked BAT thermogenesis, expired CO2, body temperature, heart rate, and mean arterial pressure, while blockade of GABAA receptors by nanoinjection of bicuculline in the MBH induced large increases in BAT sympathetic nerve activity (SNA), BAT temperature, body temperature, expired CO2, heart rate, and cutaneous vasoconstriction. Neurons in the MBH send projections to neurons in the dorsal hypothalamic area and dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH), which excite sympathetic premotor neurons in the rostral raphe pallidus area (rRPa) that control sympathetic outflow to BAT. The increases in BAT SNA, BAT temperature, and expired CO2 elicited by blockade of GABAA receptors in the MBH were reversed by blocking excitatory amino acid receptors in the DMH or in the rRPa. Together, our data show that MBH neurons provide a modest contribution to BAT thermogenesis for cold defense, while GABAergic disinhibition of these neurons produces large increases in the sympathetic outflow to BAT, and cutaneous vasoconstriction. Activation of glutamate receptors on BAT thermogenesis-promoting neurons of the DMH and rRPa is necessary for the increased sympathetic outflow to BAT evoked by disinhibition of MBH neurons. These data demonstrate neural mechanisms that contribute to the control of thermoeffector activity, and may have important implications for regulating body temperature and energy expenditure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa M D Mota
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Christopher J Madden
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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25
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Bongers KS, Chanderraj R, Woods RJ, McDonald RA, Adame MD, Falkowski NR, Brown CA, Baker JM, Winner KM, Fergle DJ, Hinkle KJ, Standke AK, Vendrov KC, Young VB, Stringer KA, Sjoding MW, Dickson RP. The Gut Microbiome Modulates Body Temperature Both in Sepsis and Health. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2023; 207:1030-1041. [PMID: 36378114 PMCID: PMC10112447 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202201-0161oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Among patients with sepsis, variation in temperature trajectories predicts clinical outcomes. In healthy individuals, normal body temperature is variable and has decreased consistently since the 1860s. The biologic underpinnings of this temperature variation in disease and health are unknown. Objectives: To establish and interrogate the role of the gut microbiome in calibrating body temperature. Methods: We performed a series of translational analyses and experiments to determine whether and how variation in gut microbiota explains variation in body temperature in sepsis and in health. We studied patient temperature trajectories using electronic medical record data. We characterized gut microbiota in hospitalized patients using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. We modeled sepsis using intraperitoneal LPS in mice and modulated the microbiome using antibiotics, germ-free, and gnotobiotic animals. Measurements and Main Results: Consistent with prior work, we identified four temperature trajectories in patients hospitalized with sepsis that predicted clinical outcomes. In a separate cohort of 116 hospitalized patients, we found that the composition of patients' gut microbiota at admission predicted their temperature trajectories. Compared with conventional mice, germ-free mice had reduced temperature loss during experimental sepsis. Among conventional mice, heterogeneity of temperature response in sepsis was strongly explained by variation in gut microbiota. Healthy germ-free and antibiotic-treated mice both had lower basal body temperatures compared with control animals. The Lachnospiraceae family was consistently associated with temperature trajectories in hospitalized patients, experimental sepsis, and antibiotic-treated mice. Conclusions: The gut microbiome is a key modulator of body temperature variation in both health and critical illness and is thus a major, understudied target for modulating physiologic heterogeneity in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rishi Chanderraj
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Medicine Service, Infectious Diseases Section, Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Robert J. Woods
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Medicine Service, Infectious Diseases Section, Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Center for Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics and
| | | | - Mark D. Adame
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and
| | | | - Christopher A. Brown
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and
- Institute for Research on Innovation and Science, Institute for Social Research
| | - Jennifer M. Baker
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School
| | - Katherine M. Winner
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School
| | | | | | - Alexandra K. Standke
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Kimberly C. Vendrov
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Vincent B. Young
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School
| | - Kathleen A. Stringer
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, and
- Weil Institute for Critical Care Research & Innovation, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Michael W. Sjoding
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and
- Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and
- Weil Institute for Critical Care Research & Innovation, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Robert P. Dickson
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School
- Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and
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26
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Tupone D, Hernan S, Chiavetta P, Morrison S, Cano G. Central circuit controlling thermoregulatory inversion and torpor-like state. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2698203. [PMID: 36993654 PMCID: PMC10055657 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2698203/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
To maintain core body temperature in mammals, the CNS thermoregulatory networks respond to cold exposure by increasing brown adipose tissue and shivering thermogenesis. However, in hibernation or torpor, this normal thermoregulatory response is supplanted by "thermoregulatory inversion", an altered homeostatic state in which cold exposure causes inhibition of thermogenesis and warm exposure stimulates thermogenesis. Here we demonstrate the existence of a novel, dynorphinergic thermoregulatory reflex pathway between the dorsolateral parabrachial nucleus and the dorsomedial hypothalamus that bypasses the normal thermoregulatory integrator in the hypothalamic preoptic area to play a critical role in mediating the inhibition of thermogenesis during thermoregulatory inversion. Our results indicate the existence of a neural circuit mechanism for thermoregulatory inversion within the CNS thermoregulatory pathways and support the potential for inducing a homeostatically-regulated, therapeutic hypothermia in non-hibernating species, including humans.
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27
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Witkowski S, Evard R, Rickson JJ, White Q, Sievert LL. Physical activity and exercise for hot flashes: trigger or treatment? Menopause 2023; 30:218-224. [PMID: 36696647 PMCID: PMC9886316 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000002107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE AND OBJECTIVE Hot flashes (HFs) are a prevalent feature of menopause. Hot flashes can be bothersome and affect quality of life. However, HFs have also been associated with the risk for cardiovascular disease. Therefore, providing current evidence on the effect of therapies to reduce HFs can help patients and providers with decision making. This review provides details on the scientific evidence to date related to the effect of physical activity (PA) and exercise to alter the HF experience in women. METHODS The PubMed database was searched between June 2020 and June 2022 for currently available evidence regarding the relation between PA and exercise and HFs. Our analysis included randomized control trials on exercise training, epidemiological studies, and studies evaluating acute exercise on the self-reported and objectively measured HF experience in addition to systematic reviews on the topic published as of June 2022. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The majority of evidence from randomized control trials indicates that aerobic and resistance exercise training lead to a decrease in subjectively experienced HFs. The limited available studies on acute exercise indicate that a bout of moderate-intensity exercise may decrease objectively measured and self-reported HFs but acute increases in PA intensity above accustomed levels may influence subjective HF experience. Some evidence suggests that for those with depression, habitual PA may be an effective way to reduce HF symptoms. Weighing the available evidence, for people who experience HFs, engaging in regular moderate-intensity PA, including aerobic and resistance exercise, may be an effective therapy to reduce HFs and women should be counseled on the benefits of regular, moderate exercise. However, significant gaps in knowledge remain about the optimal exercise prescription, effectiveness for a diverse population, meaning of differences between objective and subjective experience, and mechanisms that lead to changes in HFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Witkowski
- Department of Exercise & Sport Studies, Smith College, Northampton, MA
| | - Rose Evard
- Department of Exercise & Sport Studies, Smith College, Northampton, MA
| | | | - Quinn White
- Department of Exercise & Sport Studies, Smith College, Northampton, MA
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28
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Hristov M, Lazarov L. Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase or cystathionine gamma-lyase abolishes leptin-induced fever in male rats. J Therm Biol 2023; 112:103443. [PMID: 36796898 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2022.103443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Leptin is an adipokine that regulates energy balance and immune function. Peripheral leptin administration elicits prostaglandin E₂-dependent fever in rats. The gasotransmitters nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) are also involved in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced fever response. However, there is no data in the literature indicating if these gasotransmitters have a role in leptin-induced fever response. Here, we investigate the inhibition of NO and H₂S enzymes neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) in leptin-induced fever response, respectively. Selective nNOS inhibitor 7-nitroindazole (7-NI), selective iNOS inhibitor aminoguanidine (AG), and CSE inhibitor dl-propargylglycine (PAG) were administered intraperitoneally (ip). Body temperature (Tb), food intake, and body mass were recorded in fasted male rats. Leptin (0.5 mg/kg ip) induced a significant increase in Tb, whereas AG (50 mg/kg ip), 7-NI (10 mg/kg ip), or PAG (50 mg/kg ip) caused no changes in Tb. AG, 7-NI, or PAG abolished leptin increase in Tb. Our results highlight the potential involvement of iNOS, nNOS, and CSE in leptin-induced febrile response without affecting anorexic response to leptin in fasted male rats 24 h after leptin injection. Interestingly, all the inhibitors alone had the same anorexic effect induced by leptin. These findings have implications for understanding the role of NO and H₂S in leptin-induced febrile response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milen Hristov
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, 2 "Zdrave" St., 1431, Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Lyudmil Lazarov
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, 2 "Zdrave" St., 1431, Sofia, Bulgaria
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29
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Yusuf KO, Miljukov O, Schoneberg A, Hanß S, Wiesenfeldt M, Stecher M, Mitrov L, Hopff SM, Steinbrecher S, Kurth F, Bahmer T, Schreiber S, Pape D, Hofmann AL, Kohls M, Störk S, Stubbe HC, Tebbe JJ, Hellmuth JC, Erber J, Krist L, Rieg S, Pilgram L, Vehreschild JJ, Reese JP, Krefting D. Consistency as a Data Quality Measure for German Corona Consensus Items Mapped from National Pandemic Cohort Network Data Collections. Methods Inf Med 2023. [PMID: 36596462 DOI: 10.1055/a-2006-1086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a national effort to better understand the current pandemic, three cohorts collect sociodemographic and clinical data from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients from different target populations within the German National Pandemic Cohort Network (NAPKON). Furthermore, the German Corona Consensus Dataset (GECCO) was introduced as a harmonized basic information model for COVID-19 patients in clinical routine. To compare the cohort data with other GECCO-based studies, data items are mapped to GECCO. As mapping from one information model to another is complex, an additional consistency evaluation of the mapped items is recommended to detect possible mapping issues or source data inconsistencies. OBJECTIVES The goal of this work is to assure high consistency of research data mapped to the GECCO data model. In particular, it aims at identifying contradictions within interdependent GECCO data items of the German national COVID-19 cohorts to allow investigation of possible reasons for identified contradictions. We furthermore aim at enabling other researchers to easily perform data quality evaluation on GECCO-based datasets and adapt to similar data models. METHODS All suitable data items from each of the three NAPKON cohorts are mapped to the GECCO items. A consistency assessment tool (dqGecco) is implemented, following the design of an existing quality assessment framework, retaining their-defined consistency taxonomies, including logical and empirical contradictions. Results of the assessment are verified independently on the primary data source. RESULTS Our consistency assessment tool helped in correcting the mapping procedure and reveals remaining contradictory value combinations within COVID-19 symptoms, vital signs, and COVID-19 severity. Consistency rates differ between the different indicators and cohorts ranging from 95.84% up to 100%. CONCLUSION An efficient and portable tool capable of discovering inconsistencies in the COVID-19 domain has been developed and applied to three different cohorts. As the GECCO dataset is employed in different platforms and studies, the tool can be directly applied there or adapted to similar information models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid O Yusuf
- Department of Medical Informatics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Olga Miljukov
- Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry (ICE-B), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Anne Schoneberg
- Department of Medical Informatics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sabine Hanß
- Department of Medical Informatics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Martin Wiesenfeldt
- Department of Medical Informatics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Melanie Stecher
- Department I for Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research, Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lazar Mitrov
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sina Marie Hopff
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sarah Steinbrecher
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Kurth
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Bahmer
- Internal Medicine Department I, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany.,Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Wöhrendamm Großhansdorf, Germany
| | - Stefan Schreiber
- Internal Medicine Department I, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Daniel Pape
- Internal Medicine Department I, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Anna-Lena Hofmann
- Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry (ICE-B), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mirjam Kohls
- Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry (ICE-B), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Störk
- Department Clinical Research & Epidemiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, and Department Internal Medicine I, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Johannes J Tebbe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center East Westphalia-Lippe, Klinikum Lippe, Lemgo, Germany
| | - Johannes C Hellmuth
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,COVID-19 Registry of the LMU Munich (CORKUM), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Johanna Erber
- Department II of Internal Medicine, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Germany
| | - Lilian Krist
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Siegbert Rieg
- Department of Medicine II, Division of Infectious Diseases, Medical Centre - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lisa Pilgram
- Department II of Internal Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité - Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg J Vehreschild
- Department I for Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research, Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité - Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens-Peter Reese
- Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry (ICE-B), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dagmar Krefting
- Department of Medical Informatics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Campus Institute Data Science (CIDAS), Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
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30
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Corli G, Tirri M, Arfè R, Marchetti B, Bernardi T, Borsari M, Odoardi S, Mestria S, Strano-Rossi S, Neri M, Gaudio RM, Bilel S, Marti M. Pharmaco-Toxicological Effects of Atypical Synthetic Cathinone Mephtetramine (MTTA) in Mice: Possible Reasons for Its Brief Appearance over NPSs Scene. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13020161. [PMID: 36831704 PMCID: PMC9954072 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13020161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last year, NPSs have been steadily on the rise in the illicit drug market. Among these, synthetic cathinones seem to become increasingly popular among young adults, mainly because of their ability to replicate the effects of traditional psychostimulant drugs, such as cocaine, MDMA and amphetamines. However, scarce data are available about the in vivo pharmaco-toxicology of these new substances. To this end, this study focused on evaluation of effects induced by repeated administration of mephtetramine (MTTA 0.1-30 mg/kg i.p.) in mice. This atypical cathinone highlighted a sensorial (inhibition of visual and acoustic reflexes) and transient physiological parameter (decrease in breath rate and temperature) change in mice. Regarding motor activity, both a dose-dependent increase (accelerod test) and biphasic effect (drag and mobility time test) have been shown. In addition, blood and urine samples have been analysed to enrich the experimental featuring of the present study with reference to evaluation of potential toxicity related to consumption of MTTA. The latter analysis has particularly revealed important changes in blood cells count and blood and urine physicochemical profile after repeated treatment with this atypical cathinone. Moreover, MTTA induced histological changes in heart, kidney and liver samples, emphasizing its potential toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Corli
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine, LTTA Center and University Center of Gender Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Micaela Tirri
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine, LTTA Center and University Center of Gender Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Raffaella Arfè
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine, LTTA Center and University Center of Gender Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Beatrice Marchetti
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine, LTTA Center and University Center of Gender Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Tatiana Bernardi
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Prevention, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Martina Borsari
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine, LTTA Center and University Center of Gender Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sara Odoardi
- Forensic Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Health Surveillance and Bioethics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore F. Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS, 00169 Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Mestria
- Forensic Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Health Surveillance and Bioethics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore F. Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS, 00169 Rome, Italy
| | - Sabina Strano-Rossi
- Forensic Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Health Surveillance and Bioethics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore F. Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS, 00169 Rome, Italy
| | - Margherita Neri
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Gaudio
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine, LTTA Center and University Center of Gender Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- University Center for Studies on Gender Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sabrine Bilel
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine, LTTA Center and University Center of Gender Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Matteo Marti
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine, LTTA Center and University Center of Gender Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- University Center for Studies on Gender Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Collaborative Center for the Italian National Early Warning System, Department of Anti-Drug Policies, Presidency of the Council of Ministers, 00186 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
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31
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Zayan U, Caccialupi Da Prato L, Muscatelli F, Matarazzo V. Modulation of the thermosensory system by oxytocin. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 15:1075305. [PMID: 36698777 PMCID: PMC9868264 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1075305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxytocin (OT) is a neurohormone involved early in neurodevelopment and is implicated in multiple functions, including sensory modulation. Evidence of such modulation has been observed for different sensory modalities in both healthy and pathological conditions. This review summarizes the pleiotropic modulation that OT can exercise on an often overlooked sensory system: thermosensation. This system allows us to sense temperature variations and compensate for the variation to maintain a stable core body temperature. Oxytocin modulates autonomic and behavioral mechanisms underlying thermoregulation at both central and peripheral levels. Hyposensitivity or hypersensitivity for different sensory modalities, including thermosensitivity, is a common feature in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), recapitulated in several ASD mouse models. These sensory dysregulations occur early in post-natal development and are correlated with dysregulation of the oxytocinergic system. In this study, we discussed the potential link between thermosensory atypia and the dysregulation of the oxytocinergic system in ASD.
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Fujimoto T, Dobashi K, Fujii N, Matsutake R, Nishiyasu T. Hypocapnia attenuates local skin thermal perception to innocuous warm and cool stimuli in normothermic resting humans. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2023; 324:R120-R127. [PMID: 36534588 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00126.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
When one is exposed to a stressful situation in their daily life, a common response is hyperventilation. Although the physiological significance of stress-induced hyperventilation remains uncertain, this response may blunt perception of the stress-inducing stimulus. This study examined the effects of voluntary hyperventilation and resultant hypocapnia on the local skin thermal detection threshold in normothermic resting humans. Local skin thermal detection thresholds were measured in 15 young adults (three females) under three breathing conditions: 1) spontaneous breathing (Control trial), 2) voluntary hypocapnic hyperventilation (HH trial), and 3) voluntary normocapnic hyperventilation (NH trial). Local skin thermal detection thresholds were measured using thermostimulators containing a Peltier element that were attached to the forearm and forehead. The temperature of the probe was initially equilibrated to the skin temperature, then gradually increased or decreased at a constant rate (±0.1 °C/s) until the participants felt warmth or coolness. The difference between the initial skin temperature and the local skin temperature at which the participant noticed warmth/coolness was assessed as an index of the local skin warm/cool detection threshold. Local detection of warm and cool stimuli did not differ between the Control and NH trials, but it was blunted in the HH trial as compared with the Control and NH trials, except for detection of warm stimuli on the forearm. These findings suggest that hyperventilation-induced hypocapnia, not hyperventilation per se, attenuates local skin thermal perception, though changes in responses to warm stimuli may not be clearly perceived at some skin areas (e.g., forearm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Fujimoto
- Department of Health and Sports, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan.,Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kohei Dobashi
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Faculty of Education, Hokkaido University of Education, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Naoto Fujii
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Ryoko Matsutake
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nishiyasu
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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33
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Takla M, Saadeh K, Tse G, Huang CLH, Jeevaratnam K. Ageing and the Autonomic Nervous System. Subcell Biochem 2023; 103:201-252. [PMID: 37120470 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26576-1_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
The vertebrate nervous system is divided into central (CNS) and peripheral (PNS) components. In turn, the PNS is divided into the autonomic (ANS) and enteric (ENS) nervous systems. Ageing implicates time-related changes to anatomy and physiology in reducing organismal fitness. In the case of the CNS, there exists substantial experimental evidence of the effects of age on individual neuronal and glial function. Although many such changes have yet to be experimentally observed in the PNS, there is considerable evidence of the role of ageing in the decline of ANS function over time. As such, this chapter will argue that the ANS constitutes a paradigm for the physiological consequences of ageing, as well as for their clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gary Tse
- Kent and Medway Medical School, Canterbury, UK
- University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
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34
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Nakamura Y, Yahiro T, Fukushima A, Kataoka N, Hioki H, Nakamura K. Prostaglandin EP3 receptor-expressing preoptic neurons bidirectionally control body temperature via tonic GABAergic signaling. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eadd5463. [PMID: 36563142 PMCID: PMC9788766 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add5463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The bidirectional controller of the thermoregulatory center in the preoptic area (POA) is unknown. Using rats, here, we identify prostaglandin EP3 receptor-expressing POA neurons (POAEP3R neurons) as a pivotal bidirectional controller in the central thermoregulatory mechanism. POAEP3R neurons are activated in response to elevated ambient temperature but inhibited by prostaglandin E2, a pyrogenic mediator. Chemogenetic stimulation of POAEP3R neurons at room temperature reduces body temperature by enhancing heat dissipation, whereas inhibition of them elicits hyperthermia involving brown fat thermogenesis, mimicking fever. POAEP3R neurons innervate sympathoexcitatory neurons in the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH) via tonic (ceaseless) inhibitory signaling. Although many POAEP3R neuronal cell bodies express a glutamatergic messenger RNA marker, their axons in the DMH predominantly release γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and their GABAergic terminals are increased by chronic heat exposure. These findings demonstrate that tonic GABAergic inhibitory signaling from POAEP3R neurons is a fundamental determinant of body temperature for thermal homeostasis and fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiko Nakamura
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Takaki Yahiro
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Akihiro Fukushima
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Naoya Kataoka
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
- Nagoya University Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Hioki
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Nakamura
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
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35
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From Low-Grade Inflammation in Osteoarthritis to Neuropsychiatric Sequelae: A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416031. [PMID: 36555670 PMCID: PMC9784931 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, osteoarthritis (OA), a common, multifactorial musculoskeletal disease, is considered to have a low-grade inflammatory pathogenetic component. Lately, neuropsychiatric sequelae of the disease have gained recognition. However, a link between the peripheral inflammatory process of OA and the development of neuropsychiatric pathology is not completely understood. In this review, we provide a narrative that explores the development of neuropsychiatric disease in the presence of chronic peripheral low-grade inflammation with a focus on its signaling to the brain. We describe the development of a pro-inflammatory environment in the OA-affected joint. We discuss inflammation-signaling pathways that link the affected joint to the central nervous system, mainly using primary sensory afferents and blood circulation via circumventricular organs and cerebral endothelium. The review describes molecular and cellular changes in the brain, recognized in the presence of chronic peripheral inflammation. In addition, changes in the volume of gray matter and alterations of connectivity important for the assessment of the efficacy of treatment in OA are discussed in the given review. Finally, the narrative considers the importance of the use of neuropsychiatric diagnostic tools for a disease with an inflammatory component in the clinical setting.
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36
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Rosado OG, Amil AF, Freire IT, Verschure PFMJ. Drive competition underlies effective allostatic orchestration. Front Robot AI 2022; 9:1052998. [DOI: 10.3389/frobt.2022.1052998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Living systems ensure their fitness by self-regulating. The optimal matching of their behavior to the opportunities and demands of the ever-changing natural environment is crucial for satisfying physiological and cognitive needs. Although homeostasis has explained how organisms maintain their internal states within a desirable range, the problem of orchestrating different homeostatic systems has not been fully explained yet. In the present paper, we argue that attractor dynamics emerge from the competitive relation of internal drives, resulting in the effective regulation of adaptive behaviors. To test this hypothesis, we develop a biologically-grounded attractor model of allostatic orchestration that is embedded into a synthetic agent. Results show that the resultant neural mass model allows the agent to reproduce the navigational patterns of a rodent in an open field. Moreover, when exploring the robustness of our model in a dynamically changing environment, the synthetic agent pursues the stability of the self, being its internal states dependent on environmental opportunities to satisfy its needs. Finally, we elaborate on the benefits of resetting the model’s dynamics after drive-completion behaviors. Altogether, our studies suggest that the neural mass allostatic model adequately reproduces self-regulatory dynamics while overcoming the limitations of previous models.
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37
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Li X, Li J, Wang T, Khan SA, Yuan Z, Yin Y, Zhang H. Self-Powered Respiratory Monitoring Strategy Based on Adaptive Dual-Network Thermogalvanic Hydrogels. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:48743-48751. [PMID: 36269324 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c14239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
As a low-grade sustainable heat source, the breath waste heat exhaled by human bodies is always ignored, although producing a greater temperature than ambient. Converting this heat into electric energy for use as power sources or detecting signals is extremely important in cutting-edge wearable medicine. This heat-to-electricity conversion is possible with thermogalvanic hydrogels. However, challenges remain in their antifreezing and antidrying properties, significantly restricting the durability of thermogalvanic gels in practical applications. Herein, a dual-network poly(vinyl alcohol)/gelatin (PVA/GEL) gel thermogalvanic device with Fe(CN)63-/4- as a redox pair is developed, with an outstanding low-temperature durability and antidrying capacity. These features result from the use of a binary H2O/GL (glycerin) solvent to limit hydrogen bonding between water molecules. The prepared thermogalvanic gel patch is capable of easily converting physiological data into understandable electrical impulses using the temperature difference between the ambient environment and the heat produced by human breathing, realizing a simple self-powered respiratory monitoring strategy for the first time. Even below zero temperature, the gel patch-based mask can operate normally, implying it fits into low-temperature environments. This study sheds fresh light on the development of active wearable medical electronics that are powered by demic low-level heat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuebiao Li
- College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Jianing Li
- College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Tao Wang
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Saeed Ahmed Khan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Sukkur IBA University, Sukkur 65200, Pakistan
| | - Zhongyun Yuan
- College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Yifan Yin
- Department of Mechatronics and Vehicle Engineering, Taiyuan University, Taiyuan 030032, China
| | - Hulin Zhang
- College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
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Sun Y, Wang H, Wang W, Lu J, Zhang J, Luo X, Luan L, Wang K, Jia J, Yan J, Qin L. Glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons in the preoptic area of the hypothalamus play key roles in menopausal hot flashes. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:993955. [PMID: 36313017 PMCID: PMC9614233 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.993955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
During menopause, when estrogen levels are low, abnormalities in the hypothalamic preoptic area (POA) of the thermoregulatory center can cause hot flashes. However, the involved neural population has not been identified. Proteomics showed that under low estrogen, differentially expressed proteins in the hypothalamus were associated with glutamatergic and GABAergic synapses. RNAscope, Western blotting and qRT-PCR indicated that the number of glutamatergic neurons in the POA was decreased, while the number of GABAergic neurons was increased. Chemogenetics showed that the rat body temperature decreased slowly after glutamatergic neurons were activated and increased quickly after glutamatergic neurons were inhibited, while it increased quickly after GABAergic neurons were activated and decreased slowly after GABAergic neurons were inhibited. RNAscope, immunofluorescence, Western blotting and qRT-PCR further showed that glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) 1 expression in the POA was increased, while GAD2 expression in the POA was decreased; that thermosensitive transient receptor potential protein (ThermoTRP) M (TRPM) 2 expression in glutamatergic neurons was decreased, while TRPM8 expression in GABAergic neurons was increased; and that estrogen receptor (ER) α and β expression in the POA was decreased, and ERα and ERβ expressed in both glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons. Estrogen therapy corrected these abnormalities. In addition, CUT&Tag and Western blot after injection of agonists and inhibitors of ERs showed that ERα and ERβ were both transcription factors in glutamatergic and GABAergic synapses. Mechanistically, during menopause, estrogen may regulate the transcription and expression of GADs and ThermoTRPs through ERs, impacting the number and function of glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons, resulting in unbalanced heat dissipation and production in the POA and ultimately triggering hot flashes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanrong Sun
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Hanfei Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jiali Lu
- Department of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jinglin Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaofeng Luo
- Department of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Liju Luan
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Jia
- Department of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Department of Stomatology, The Third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Jing Jia,
| | - Junhao Yan
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Technology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Junhao Yan,
| | - Lihua Qin
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Lihua Qin,
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Abstract
Sleep is a fundamental, evolutionarily conserved, plastic behavior that is regulated by circadian and homeostatic mechanisms as well as genetic factors and environmental factors, such as light, humidity, and temperature. Among environmental cues, temperature plays an important role in the regulation of sleep. This review presents an overview of thermoreception in animals and the neural circuits that link this process to sleep. Understanding the influence of temperature on sleep can provide insight into basic physiologic processes that are required for survival and guide strategies to manage sleep disorders.
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40
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Fukushima A, Kataoka N, Nakamura K. An oxytocinergic neural pathway that stimulates thermogenic and cardiac sympathetic outflow. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111380. [PMID: 36130511 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxytocin alters autonomic functions besides social behaviors. However, the central neuronal links between hypothalamic oxytocinergic neurons and the autonomic nervous system remain unclear. Here we show that oxytocinergic neurons in the rat paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVH), a pivotal site for energy homeostasis, innervate sympathetic premotor neurons in the rostral medullary raphe region (rMR) to stimulate brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis and cardiovascular functions. Oxytocin receptor stimulation in the rMR evokes BAT thermogenesis and tachycardia. In vivo optogenetic stimulation of the PVH→rMR long-range oxytocinergic pathway, using a virus-mediated system for amplified gene expression in oxytocinergic neurons, not only elicits BAT thermogenic and cardiac responses but also potentiates sympathetic responses evoked by glutamatergic transmission in the rMR. The PVH→rMR oxytocinergic pathway connects the hypothalamic circuit for energy homeostasis to thermogenic and cardiac sympathetic outflow, and, therefore, its defects may cause obesity and impaired thermoregulation, as seen in Prader-Willi syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Fukushima
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Naoya Kataoka
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; Nagoya University Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Nakamura
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.
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41
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Helbing DL, Stabenow LK, Bauer R. Mouse sepsis models: don't forget ambient temperature! Intensive Care Med Exp 2022; 10:29. [PMID: 35773503 PMCID: PMC9247123 DOI: 10.1186/s40635-022-00457-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dario Lucas Helbing
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Reinhard Bauer
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
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42
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Levraud JP, Rawls JF, Clatworthy AE. Using zebrafish to understand reciprocal interactions between the nervous and immune systems and the microbial world. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:170. [PMID: 35765004 PMCID: PMC9238045 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02506-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals rely heavily on their nervous and immune systems to perceive and survive within their environment. Despite the traditional view of the brain as an immunologically privileged organ, these two systems interact with major consequences. Furthermore, microorganisms within their environment are major sources of stimuli and can establish relationships with animal hosts that range from pathogenic to mutualistic. Research from a variety of human and experimental animal systems are revealing that reciprocal interactions between microbiota and the nervous and immune systems contribute significantly to normal development, homeostasis, and disease. The zebrafish has emerged as an outstanding model within which to interrogate these interactions due to facile genetic and microbial manipulation and optical transparency facilitating in vivo imaging. This review summarizes recent studies that have used the zebrafish for analysis of bidirectional control between the immune and nervous systems, the nervous system and the microbiota, and the microbiota and immune system in zebrafish during development that promotes homeostasis between these systems. We also describe how the zebrafish have contributed to our understanding of the interconnections between these systems during infection in fish and how perturbations may result in pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pierre Levraud
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Cité, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, 91400, Saclay, France.
| | - John F. Rawls
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke Microbiome Center, Duke University School of Medicine, 213 Research Drive, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Anne E. Clatworthy
- grid.66859.340000 0004 0546 1623Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA ,grid.32224.350000 0004 0386 9924Department of Molecular Biology and Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114 USA
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43
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Very Short-Term Photoplethysmography-Based Heart Rate Variability for Continuous Autoregulation Assessment. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12136469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Heart rate variability (HRV) has been widely applied for disease diagnosis. However, the 5 min signal length for HRV analysis is needed. Method: A signal processing procedure for very short-term photoplethysmography (PPG) signal for fever detection and autoregulation assessment was proposed. The Time-Shift Multiscale Entropy Analysis (TSME) was applied to instantaneous pulse rate time series (iPR) and normalized by the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of all scales to calculate novel indices. A total of 33 subjects were recruited for the study. Fifteen participants whose body temperatures were higher than 37.9 °C were served as the fever group. Others were served as the non-fever group. The total 15 s PPG signal with 200 sampling rates was used for iPR calculation. Result: The CDF value of entropy on the scale k = 19 (CDF(E(k = 19))) of iPR had the lowest p-value calculated by the Weltch t-test between two groups (p < 0.001). The Spearman correlation r between CDF(E(k = 19)) and body temperature is −0.757, 0.287, and −0.830 in all subjects, the non-fever group and the Fever group, respectively. The area under the curve, calculated from the receiver operating characteristic of CDF(E(k = 19)) of iPR is 0.915. Conclusion: The entropy of iPR is useful for detecting fever. Moreover, a short-term PPG signal is suitable to develop real-time applications, and multiscale entropy provides different scales of information for daily healthcare.
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Lezama-García K, Mota-Rojas D, Martínez-Burnes J, Villanueva-García D, Domínguez-Oliva A, Gómez-Prado J, Mora-Medina P, Casas-Alvarado A, Olmos-Hernández A, Soto P, Muns R. Strategies for Hypothermia Compensation in Altricial and Precocial Newborn Mammals and Their Monitoring by Infrared Thermography. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9050246. [PMID: 35622774 PMCID: PMC9145389 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9050246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermoregulation in newborn mammals is an essential species-specific mechanism of the nervous system that contributes to their survival during the first hours and days of their life. When exposed to cold weather, which is a risk factor associated with mortality in neonates, pathways such as the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPA) are activated to achieve temperature control, increasing the circulating levels of catecholamine and cortisol. Consequently, alterations in blood circulation and mechanisms to produce or to retain heat (e.g., vasoconstriction, piloerection, shivering, brown adipocyte tissue activation, and huddling) begin to prevent hypothermia. This study aimed to discuss the mechanisms of thermoregulation in newborn domestic mammals, highlighting the differences between altricial and precocial species. The processes that employ brown adipocyte tissue, shivering, thermoregulatory behaviors, and dermal vasomotor control will be analyzed to understand the physiology and the importance of implementing techniques to promote thermoregulation and survival in the critical post-birth period of mammals. Also, infrared thermography as a helpful method to perform thermal measurements without animal interactions does not affect these parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Lezama-García
- PhD Program in Biological and Health Sciences [Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud], Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Mexico City 04960, Mexico;
| | - Daniel Mota-Rojas
- Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, DPAA, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Mexico City 04960, Mexico; (A.D.-O.); (J.G.-P.); (A.C.-A.); (P.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Julio Martínez-Burnes
- Animal Health Group, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Victoria City 87000, Tamaulipas, Mexico;
| | - Dina Villanueva-García
- Division of Neonatology, National Institute of Health, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Doctor Márquez 162, Mexico City 06720, Mexico;
| | - Adriana Domínguez-Oliva
- Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, DPAA, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Mexico City 04960, Mexico; (A.D.-O.); (J.G.-P.); (A.C.-A.); (P.S.)
| | - Jocelyn Gómez-Prado
- Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, DPAA, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Mexico City 04960, Mexico; (A.D.-O.); (J.G.-P.); (A.C.-A.); (P.S.)
| | - Patricia Mora-Medina
- Department of Livestock Science, FESC, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuautitlán Izcalli 54714, Mexico;
| | - Alejandro Casas-Alvarado
- Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, DPAA, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Mexico City 04960, Mexico; (A.D.-O.); (J.G.-P.); (A.C.-A.); (P.S.)
| | - Adriana Olmos-Hernández
- Division of Biotechnology—Bioterio and Experimental Surgery, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación-Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra (INR-LGII), Mexico City 14389, Mexico;
| | - Paola Soto
- Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, DPAA, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Mexico City 04960, Mexico; (A.D.-O.); (J.G.-P.); (A.C.-A.); (P.S.)
| | - Ramon Muns
- Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Livestock Production Sciences Unit, Hillsborough BT26 6DR, Northern Ireland, UK;
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Tran LT, Park S, Kim SK, Lee JS, Kim KW, Kwon O. Hypothalamic control of energy expenditure and thermogenesis. Exp Mol Med 2022; 54:358-369. [PMID: 35301430 PMCID: PMC9076616 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00741-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Energy expenditure and energy intake need to be balanced to maintain proper energy homeostasis. Energy homeostasis is tightly regulated by the central nervous system, and the hypothalamus is the primary center for the regulation of energy balance. The hypothalamus exerts its effect through both humoral and neuronal mechanisms, and each hypothalamic area has a distinct role in the regulation of energy expenditure. Recent studies have advanced the understanding of the molecular regulation of energy expenditure and thermogenesis in the hypothalamus with targeted manipulation techniques of the mouse genome and neuronal function. In this review, we elucidate recent progress in understanding the mechanism of how the hypothalamus affects basal metabolism, modulates physical activity, and adapts to environmental temperature and food intake changes. The hypothalamus is a key regulator of metabolism, controlling resting metabolism, activity levels, and responses to external temperature and food intake. The balance between energy intake and expenditure must be tightly controlled, with imbalances resulting in metabolic disorders such as obesity or diabetes. Obin Kwon at Seoul National University College of Medicine and Ki Woo Kim at Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, both in South Korea, and coworkers reviewed how metabolism is regulated by the hypothalamus, a small hormone-producing brain region. They report that hormonal and neuronal signals from the hypothalamus influence the ratio of lean to fatty tissue, gender-based differences in metabolism, activity levels, and weight gain in response to food intake. They note that further studies to untangle cause-and-effect relationships and other genetic factors will improve our understanding of metabolic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Trung Tran
- Departments of Oral Biology and Applied Biological Science, BK21 Four, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Sohee Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea.,Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Seul Ki Kim
- Departments of Oral Biology and Applied Biological Science, BK21 Four, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Jin Sun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea.,Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Ki Woo Kim
- Departments of Oral Biology and Applied Biological Science, BK21 Four, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, 03722, Korea.
| | - Obin Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea. .,Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea.
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The Sleep-Promoting Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus: What Have We Learned over the Past 25 Years? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23062905. [PMID: 35328326 PMCID: PMC8954377 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23062905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
For over a century, the role of the preoptic hypothalamus and adjacent basal forebrain in sleep-wake regulation has been recognized. However, for years, the identity and location of sleep- and wake-promoting neurons in this region remained largely unresolved. Twenty-five years ago, Saper and colleagues uncovered a small collection of sleep-active neurons in the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (VLPO) of the preoptic hypothalamus, and since this seminal discovery the VLPO has been intensively investigated by labs around the world, including our own. Herein, we first review the history of the preoptic area, with an emphasis on the VLPO in sleep-wake control. We then attempt to synthesize our current understanding of the circuit, cellular and synaptic bases by which the VLPO both regulates and is itself regulated, in order to exert a powerful control over behavioral state, as well as examining data suggesting an involvement of the VLPO in other physiological processes.
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McKie GL, Medak KD, Shamshoum H, Wright DC. Topical application of the pharmacological cold mimetic menthol stimulates brown adipose tissue thermogenesis through a TRPM8, UCP1, and norepinephrine dependent mechanism in mice housed at thermoneutrality. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22205. [PMID: 35157333 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101905rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Increasing whole-body energy expenditure via the pharmacological activation of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1)-dependent brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis is a promising weight management strategy, yet most therapeutics studied in rodents to date either induce compensatory increases in energy intake, have thermogenic effects that are confounded by sub-thermoneutral housing temperatures or are not well tolerated in humans. Here, we sought to determine whether the non-invasive topical application of the pharmacological cold mimetic and transient receptor potential (TRP) cation channel subfamily M member 8 (TRPM8) agonist L-menthol (MNTH), could be used to stimulate BAT thermogenesis and attenuate weight gain in mice housed at thermoneutrality. Using three different strains of mice and multiple complimentary approaches to quantify thermogenesis in vivo, coupled with ex vivo models to quantify direct thermogenic effects, we were able to convincingly demonstrate the following: (1) acute topical MNTH application induces BAT thermogenesis in a TRPM8- and UCP1-dependent manner; (2) MNTH-induced BAT thermogenesis is sufficient to attenuate weight gain over time without affecting energy intake in lean and obese mice; (3) the ability of topical MNTH application to stimulate BAT thermogenesis is mediated, in part, by a central mechanism involving the release of norepinephrine. These data collectively suggest that topical application of MNTH may be a promising weight management strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg L McKie
- Department of Human Health & Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kyle D Medak
- Department of Human Health & Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hesham Shamshoum
- Department of Human Health & Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - David C Wright
- Department of Human Health & Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Bouchama A, Abuyassin B, Lehe C, Laitano O, Jay O, O'Connor FG, Leon LR. Classic and exertional heatstroke. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2022; 8:8. [PMID: 35115565 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-021-00334-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In the past two decades, record-breaking heatwaves have caused an increasing number of heat-related deaths, including heatstroke, globally. Heatstroke is a heat illness characterized by the rapid rise of core body temperature above 40 °C and central nervous system dysfunction. It is categorized as classic when it results from passive exposure to extreme environmental heat and as exertional when it develops during strenuous exercise. Classic heatstroke occurs in epidemic form and contributes to 9-37% of heat-related fatalities during heatwaves. Exertional heatstroke sporadically affects predominantly young and healthy individuals. Under intensive care, mortality reaches 26.5% and 63.2% in exertional and classic heatstroke, respectively. Pathological studies disclose endothelial cell injury, inflammation, widespread thrombosis and bleeding in most organs. Survivors of heatstroke may experience long-term neurological and cardiovascular complications with a persistent risk of death. No specific therapy other than rapid cooling is available. Physiological and morphological factors contribute to the susceptibility to heatstroke. Future research should identify genetic factors that further describe individual heat illness risk and form the basis of precision-based public health response. Prioritizing research towards fundamental mechanism and diagnostic biomarker discovery is crucial for the design of specific management approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abderrezak Bouchama
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Experimental Medicine Department, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard - Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Bisher Abuyassin
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Experimental Medicine Department, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard - Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Cynthia Lehe
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Experimental Medicine Department, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard - Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Orlando Laitano
- Department of Nutrition & Integrative Physiology, College of Health and Human Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Ollie Jay
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Francis G O'Connor
- Military and Emergency Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lisa R Leon
- Thermal and Mountain Medicine Division, United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts, USA
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Coronavirus Disease 2019 Temperature Trajectories Correlate With Hyperinflammatory and Hypercoagulable Subphenotypes. Crit Care Med 2022; 50:212-223. [PMID: 35100194 PMCID: PMC8796835 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000005397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Body temperature trajectories of infected patients are associated with specific immune profiles and survival. We determined the association between temperature trajectories and distinct manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019. DESIGN Retrospective observational study. SETTING Four hospitals within an academic healthcare system from March 2020 to February 2021. PATIENTS All adult patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019. INTERVENTIONS Using a validated group-based trajectory model, we classified patients into four previously defined temperature trajectory subphenotypes using oral temperature measurements from the first 72 hours of hospitalization. Clinical characteristics, biomarkers, and outcomes were compared between subphenotypes. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS The 5,903 hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 patients were classified into four subphenotypes: hyperthermic slow resolvers (n = 1,452, 25%), hyperthermic fast resolvers (1,469, 25%), normothermics (2,126, 36%), and hypothermics (856, 15%). Hypothermics had abnormal coagulation markers, with the highest d-dimer and fibrin monomers (p < 0.001) and the highest prevalence of cerebrovascular accidents (10%, p = 0.001). The prevalence of venous thromboembolism was significantly different between subphenotypes (p = 0.005), with the highest rate in hypothermics (8.5%) and lowest in hyperthermic slow resolvers (5.1%). Hyperthermic slow resolvers had abnormal inflammatory markers, with the highest C-reactive protein, ferritin, and interleukin-6 (p < 0.001). Hyperthermic slow resolvers had increased odds of mechanical ventilation, vasopressors, and 30-day inpatient mortality (odds ratio, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.13-2.19) compared with hyperthermic fast resolvers. Over the course of the pandemic, we observed a drastic decrease in the prevalence of hyperthermic slow resolvers, from representing 53% of admissions in March 2020 to less than 15% by 2021. We found that dexamethasone use was associated with significant reduction in probability of hyperthermic slow resolvers membership (27% reduction; 95% CI, 23-31%; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Hypothermics had abnormal coagulation markers, suggesting a hypercoagulable subphenotype. Hyperthermic slow resolvers had elevated inflammatory markers and the highest odds of mortality, suggesting a hyperinflammatory subphenotype. Future work should investigate whether temperature subphenotypes benefit from targeted antithrombotic and anti-inflammatory strategies.
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Role of Dorsomedial Hypothalamus GABAergic Neurons in Sleep-Wake States in Response to Changes in Ambient Temperature in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031270. [PMID: 35163194 PMCID: PMC8836016 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Good sleep quality is essential for maintaining the body's attention during wakefulness, which is easily affected by external factors such as an ambient temperature. However, the mechanism by which an ambient temperature influences sleep-wake behaviors remains unclear. The dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH) has been reported to be involved in thermoregulation. It also receives projection from the preoptic area, which is an important region for sleep and energy homeostasis and the suprachiasmatic nucleus-a main control area of the clock rhythm. Therefore, we hypothesized that the DMH plays an important role in the regulation of sleep related to ambient temperatures. In this study, we found that cold exposure (24/20/16/12 °C) increased wakefulness and decreased non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, while warm exposure (32/36/40/44 °C) increased NREM sleep and decreased wakefulness compared to 28 °C conditions in wild-type mice. Then, using non-specific and specific apoptosis, we found that lesions of whole DMH neurons and DMH γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic neurons induced by caspase-3 virus aggravated the fluctuation of core body temperature after warm exposure and attenuated the change in sleep-wake behaviors during cold and warm exposure. However, chemogenetic activation or inhibition of DMH GABAergic neurons did not affect the sleep-wake cycle. Collectively, our findings reveal an essential role of DMH GABAergic neurons in the regulation of sleep-wake behaviors elicited by a change in ambient temperature.
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