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Xiao B, Huang J, Chen L, Lin Y, Luo J, Chen H, Fu L, Tang F, Ouyang W, Wu Y. Ultra-processed food consumption and the risk of incident chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. Ren Fail 2024; 46:2306224. [PMID: 38345016 PMCID: PMC10863522 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2024.2306224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent individual studies have indicated that ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption may be associated with the incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis based on those longitudinal studies evaluating the relationship between UPF consumption and the risk of incident CKD, and synthesizing the results. METHOD PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched from inception through 22 March 2023. Any longitudinal studies evaluating the relationship between UPF consumption and the risk of incident CKD were included. Two researchers independently conducted the literature screening and data extraction. RR and its 95% CI were regarded as the effect size. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was applied to assess the quality of the studies included, and the effect of UPF consumption on the risk of incident CKD was analyzed with STATA version 15.1. This study's protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023411951). RESULTS Four cohort studies with a total of 219,132 participants were included after screening. The results of the meta-analysis suggested that the highest UPF intake was associated with an increased risk of incident CKD (RR = 1.25; 95% CI: 1.18-1.33). CONCLUSIONS High-dose UPF intake was associated with an increased risk of incident CKD. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Thus, more standardized clinical studies and further exploration of the mechanisms are needed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingjie Xiao
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinxian Huang
- The Fourth Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linyi Chen
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yujie Lin
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianghong Luo
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huifen Chen
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lizhe Fu
- Chronic Disease Management Outpatient, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Tang
- Chronic Disease Management Outpatient, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenwei Ouyang
- Key Unit of Methodology in Clinical Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yifan Wu
- Chronic Disease Management Outpatient, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
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Gumede NM, Lembede BW, Nkomozepi P, Brooksbank RL, Erlwanger KH, Chivandi E. Protective effect of β-sitosterol against high-fructose diet-induced oxidative stress, and hepatorenal derangements in growing female sprague-dawley rats. Lab Anim Res 2024; 40:30. [PMID: 39187895 PMCID: PMC11346026 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-024-00215-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic consumption of a high-fructose diet causes oxidative stress that compromises kidney and liver health. β-sitosterol (Bst), a phytosterol, is a functional nutrient with health benefits. β-sitosterol antioxidant activity protects the liver and kidney from ROS-mediated damage and lipid peroxidation. We evaluated the potential renoprotective and hepatoprotective effects of orally administrated β-sitosterol in high-fructose diet-fed growing female rats. Thirty-five 21-day old female Sprague-Dawley rat pups were randomly assigned to and administered the following treatments for 12 weeks: group I- standard rat chow (SRC) + plain drinking water (PW) + plain gelatine cube (PC); group II- SRC + 20% w/v fructose solution (FS) as drinking fluid + PC; group III- SRC + FS + 100 mg/kg body mass (BM) fenofibrate in gelatine cube; group IV- SRC + FS + 20 mg/kg BM β-sitosterol gelatine cube (Bst) and group V- SRC + PW + Bst. The rats were fasted overnight, weighed then euthanised. Blood was collected, centrifuged and plasma harvested. Livers and kidneys were excised, weighed and samples preserved for histological assessments. Plasma biomarkers of oxidative stress, liver and kidney function and renal tubular injury were assessed. RESULTS High fructose diet fed rats had increased plasma KIM-1, NGAL (p < 0.001) and MDA levels (p < 0.05). Dietary fructose caused microvesicular and macrovesicular steatosis, and reduced glomerular density, Bowman's capsule area and urinary space. β-sitosterol protected against the high-fructose diet-induced hepatic steatosis and glomerular disturbances without adverse effects on liver and kidney function. CONCLUSIONS β-sitosterol, as a dietary supplement, could potentially be exploited to prevent high-fructose diet-induced NAFLD and to protect against high-fructose diet-induced renal tubular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nontobeko M Gumede
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private bag X32, Pretoria, 0031, South Africa.
| | - Busisani W Lembede
- School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, Republic of South Africa
| | - Pilani Nkomozepi
- Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa
| | - Richard L Brooksbank
- School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, Republic of South Africa
| | - Kennedy H Erlwanger
- School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, Republic of South Africa
| | - Eliton Chivandi
- School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, Republic of South Africa
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Siddiqui SH, Pitpitan R, Boychev B, Komnenov D, Rossi NF. Impact of inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system on early cardiac and renal abnormalities in Sprague Dawley rats fed short-term high fructose plus high salt diet. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1436958. [PMID: 39238563 PMCID: PMC11376227 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1436958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The combination of a high fructose and high salt diet typical of western diet induces high blood pressure, aortic stiffening, left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction and impaired renal function in rodents. Despite an activated renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in rats fed high fructose and high salt, acute inhibition of the RAS pathway does not improve cardiac and vascular parameters. It may well be that longer term treatment is required to permit remodeling and improve cardiovascular function. Thus, we hypothesized that chronic RAS inhibition fructose+high salt-fed rats to restore blood pressure (BP) to levels similar to glucose plus normal salt-fed controls will improve cardiorenal function and histopathology. Methods Male and female Sprague Dawley rats monitored by hemodynamic telemetry were fed 0.4% NaCl chow during baseline, then changed to chow containing either 20% glucose+0.4% NaCl (G) or 20% fructose+4% NaCl (F) and treated with vehicle, enalapril (Enal, 4 mg/kg/d) or losartan (Los, 8 mg/kg/d) by osmotic minipump for 25-26 days. Results BP was elevated in the fructose+high salt groups of both sexes (P < 0.05) and restored to control levels by Enal or Los. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) was lower in female F+Los rats and cardiac output higher in female F+Enal rats. GFR was not changed by diet or treatment. Fructose+high salt groups of both sexes displayed higher albuminuria that was decreased by Enal in male rats. Cardiac fibrosis and mesangial hypercellularity were greater in fructose+high salt-fed rats of both sexes and improved with either Los or Enal. Discussion Thus, inhibition of the RAS improves early changes in cardiac and renal histopathology in both sexes and albuminuria in male rats fed high fructose and high salt diet. Functional improvements in cardiorenal parameters may require longer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebekah Pitpitan
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Boycho Boychev
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Dragana Komnenov
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Noreen F Rossi
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
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Prabhakar AP, Lopez-Candales A. Uric acid and cardiovascular diseases: a reappraisal. Postgrad Med 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38973128 DOI: 10.1080/00325481.2024.2377952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Serum uric acid (SUA) has garnered an increased interest in recent years as an important determinant of cardiovascular disease. Uric acid, a degradation product of purine metabolism, is affected by several inheritable and acquired factors, such as genetic mutation, metabolic syndrome, chronic kidney disease, and medication interactions. Even though elevated SUA have been commonly associated with the development of gout, it has significant impact in the development of hypertension, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease. Uric acid, in both crystalline and soluble forms, plays a key role in the induction of inflammatory cascade and development of atherosclerotic diseases. This concise reappraisal emphasizes key features about the complex and challenging role of uric acid in the development and progression of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. It explores the pathogenesis and historical significance of uric acid, highlights the complex interplay between uric acid and components of metabolic syndrome, focuses on the pro-inflammatory and pro-atherogenic effects of uric acid, as well as discusses the role of urate lowering therapies in mitigating the risk of cardiovascular disease while providing the latest evidence to the healthcare professionals focusing on the clinical importance of SUA levels with regards to cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akruti Patel Prabhakar
- Department of Medicine, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Angel Lopez-Candales
- Cardiology Service and Department of Medicine, Dayton Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Dayton, OH, USA
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Said MA, Nafeh NY, Abdallah HA. Spexin alleviates hypertension, hyperuricaemia, dyslipidemia and insulin resistance in high fructose diet induced metabolic syndrome in rats via enhancing PPAR-ɣ and AMPK and inhibiting IL-6 and TNF-α. Arch Physiol Biochem 2023; 129:1111-1116. [PMID: 33721543 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2021.1899242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Spexin is a novel peptide implicated in obesity and energy homeostasis. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effect of spexin on blood pressure, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia in rats with metabolic syndrome (MS) induced by high-fructose diet (HFD) and the possible underlying mechanism. Forty adult male rats were randomly assigned into four equal groups; Control, Spexin, HFD and HFD + spexin. Induction of the MS with HFD was associated with increased body mass index, elevated blood pressure, blood glucose, insulin, uric acid, advanced glycation end products and insulin resistance, interlekin-6, tumour necrosis factor-alpha together with dyslipidemia, low-serum spexin, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors-gamma (PPAR-ɣ) and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Spexin attenuated MS-induced deleterious effects which can be attributed to activation of PPAR-ɣ and AMPK as well as inhibiting inflammation. These findings indicate that spexin could be a beneficial complementary agent for metabolic syndrome treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona A Said
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Naglaa Y Nafeh
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Hend A Abdallah
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
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6
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Johnson RJ, Lanaspa MA, Sanchez-Lozada LG, Tolan D, Nakagawa T, Ishimoto T, Andres-Hernando A, Rodriguez-Iturbe B, Stenvinkel P. The fructose survival hypothesis for obesity. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20220230. [PMID: 37482773 PMCID: PMC10363705 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The fructose survival hypothesis proposes that obesity and metabolic disorders may have developed from over-stimulation of an evolutionary-based biologic response (survival switch) that aims to protect animals in advance of crisis. The response is characterized by hunger, thirst, foraging, weight gain, fat accumulation, insulin resistance, systemic inflammation and increased blood pressure. The process is initiated by the ingestion of fructose or by stimulating endogenous fructose production via the polyol pathway. Unlike other nutrients, fructose reduces the active energy (adenosine triphosphate) in the cell, while blocking its regeneration from fat stores. This is mediated by intracellular uric acid, mitochondrial oxidative stress, the inhibition of AMP kinase and stimulation of vasopressin. Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation is suppressed, and glycolysis stimulated. While this response is aimed to be modest and short-lived, the response in humans is exaggerated due to gain of 'thrifty genes' coupled with a western diet rich in foods that contain or generate fructose. We propose excessive fructose metabolism not only explains obesity but the epidemics of diabetes, hypertension, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, obesity-associated cancers, vascular and Alzheimer's dementia, and even ageing. Moreover, the hypothesis unites current hypotheses on obesity. Reducing activation and/or blocking this pathway and stimulating mitochondrial regeneration may benefit health-span. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Causes of obesity: theories, conjectures and evidence (Part I)'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J. Johnson
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO 80016, USA
| | - Miguel A. Lanaspa
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO 80016, USA
| | - L. Gabriela Sanchez-Lozada
- Department of Cardio-Renal Physiopathology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología ‘Ignacio Chavez’, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Dean Tolan
- Biology Department, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Takahiko Nakagawa
- Department of Nephrology, Rakuwakai-Otowa Hospital, Kyoto 607-8062, Japan
| | - Takuji Ishimoto
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Aichi Medical University, Aichi 480-1103, Japan
| | - Ana Andres-Hernando
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO 80016, USA
| | - Bernardo Rodriguez-Iturbe
- Department of Nephrology and Mineral Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición ‘Salvador Zubirán’, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Peter Stenvinkel
- Department of Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
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Talukdar A, Basumatary M. Rodent models to study type 1 and type 2 diabetes induced human diabetic nephropathy. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:7759-7782. [PMID: 37458869 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08621-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetic nephropathy (DN), an outcome of prolonged diabetes, has affected millions of people worldwide and every year the incidence and prevalence increase substantially. The symptoms may start with mild manifestations of the disease such as increased albuminuria, serum creatinine levels, thickening of glomerular basement membrane, expansion of mesangial matrix to severe pathological symptoms such as glomerular lesions and tubulointerstitial fibrosis which may further proceed to cardiovascular dysfunction or end-stage renal disease. PERSPECTIVE Numerous therapeutic interventions are being explored for the management of DN, however, these interventions do not completely halt the progression of this disease and hence animal models are being explored to identify critical genetic and molecular parameters which could help in tackling the disease. Rodent models which mostly include mice and rats are commonly used experimental animals which provide a wide range of advantages in understanding the onset and progression of disease in humans and also their response to a wide range of interventions helps in the development of effective therapeutics. Rodent models of type 1 and type 2 diabetes induced DN have been developed utilizing different platforms and interventions during the last few decades some of which mimic various stages of diabetes ranging from early to later stages. However, a rodent model which replicates all the features of human DN is still lacking. This review tries to evaluate the rodent models that are currently available and understand their features and limitations which may help in further development of more robust models of human DN. CONCLUSION Using these rodent models can help to understand different aspects of human DN although further research is required to develop more robust models utilizing diverse genetic platforms which may, in turn, assist in developing effective interventions to target the disease at different levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Talukdar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, School of Sciences, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, 784028, India.
| | - Mandira Basumatary
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, School of Sciences, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, 784028, India
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Sánchez-Lozada LG, Madero M, Mazzali M, Feig DI, Nakagawa T, Lanaspa MA, Kanbay M, Kuwabara M, Rodriguez-Iturbe B, Johnson RJ. Sugar, salt, immunity and the cause of primary hypertension. Clin Kidney J 2023; 16:1239-1248. [PMID: 37529651 PMCID: PMC10387395 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfad058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite its discovery more than 150 years ago, the cause of primary hypertension remains unknown. Most studies suggest that hypertension involves genetic, congenital or acquired risk factors that result in a relative inability of the kidney to excrete salt (sodium chloride) in the kidneys. Here we review recent studies that suggest there may be two phases, with an initial phase driven by renal vasoconstriction that causes low-grade ischemia to the kidney, followed by the infiltration of immune cells that leads to a local autoimmune reaction that maintains the renal vasoconstriction. Evidence suggests that multiple mechanisms could trigger the initial renal vasoconstriction, but one way may involve fructose that is provided in the diet (such as from table sugar or high fructose corn syrup) or produced endogenously. The fructose metabolism increases intracellular uric acid, which recruits NADPH oxidase to the mitochondria while inhibiting AMP-activated protein kinase. A drop in intracellular ATP level occurs, triggering a survival response. Leptin levels rise, triggering activation of the sympathetic central nervous system, while vasopressin levels rise, causing vasoconstriction in its own right and stimulating aldosterone production via the vasopressin 1b receptor. Low-grade renal injury and autoimmune-mediated inflammation occur. High-salt diets can amplify this process by raising osmolality and triggering more fructose production. Thus, primary hypertension may result from the overactivation of a survival response triggered by fructose metabolism. Restricting salt and sugar and hydrating with ample water may be helpful in the prevention of primary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura G Sánchez-Lozada
- Department of Cardio-Renal Physiopathology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chavez”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Magdalena Madero
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chavez”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marilda Mazzali
- Division of Nephrology, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel I Feig
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Miguel A Lanaspa
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Mehmet Kanbay
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Bernardo Rodriguez-Iturbe
- Department of Nephrology and Mineral Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición “Salvador Zubirán”, Mexico City
| | - Richard J Johnson
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA
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XU LUSI, HU GAIZUN, QIU JIAHE, MIURA TAKAHIRO, YAMAKOSHI SEIKO, NAMAI-TAKAHASHI ASAKO, KOHZUKI MASAHIRO, ITO OSAMU. Exercise Training Prevents High Fructose-Induced Hypertension and Renal Damages in Male Dahl Salt-Sensitive Rats. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2023; 55:803-812. [PMID: 36729699 PMCID: PMC10090347 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION High-fructose diet (HFr) causes metabolic syndrome, and HFr-induced hypertension and renal damage are exaggerated in Dahl salt-sensitive (DS) rats. Exercise training (Ex) has antihypertensive and renal protective effects in rats fed HFr; however, there has been little discussion about the DS rats, which exhibit metabolic disturbances. This study thus examined the effects of Ex on DS rats fed HFr. METHODS Male DS rats were divided into three groups. The control group was fed a control diet, and both the HFr group and the HFr-Ex group were fed an HFr (60% fructose). The HFr-Ex group also underwent treadmill running (20 m·min -1 , 60 min·d -1 , 5 d·wk -1 ). After 12 wk, renal function, histology, and renin-angiotensin system were examined. RESULTS HFr increased blood pressure, urinary albumin, and creatinine clearance, and Ex inhibited these increases. HFr induced glomerular sclerosis, podocyte injury, afferent arteriole thickening, and renal interstitial fibrosis, and Ex ameliorated them. HFr reduced plasma renin activity, and Ex further reduced the activity. HFr also increased the expression of angiotensinogen, renin, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), and angiotensin II type 1 receptor, and Ex restored the ACE expression to the control levels. HFr decreased the expression of ACE2, angiotensin II type 2 receptor, and Mas receptor, and Ex restored the ACE2 and Mas receptor expressions to the control levels and further decreased the angiotensin II type 2 receptor expression. HFr increased the ACE activity and decreased the ACE2 activity, and Ex restored these activities to the control levels. CONCLUSIONS Ex prevents HFr-induced hypertension and renal damages in DS rats. The changes in renal renin-angiotensin system may be involved in the mechanism of the antihypertensive and renal protective effects of Ex.
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Affiliation(s)
- LUSI XU
- Division of General Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, JAPAN
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, JAPAN
| | - GAIZUN HU
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - JIAHE QIU
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, JAPAN
| | - TAKAHIRO MIURA
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, JAPAN
| | - SEIKO YAMAKOSHI
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, JAPAN
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University Sendai, JAPAN
| | - ASAKO NAMAI-TAKAHASHI
- Division of General Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, JAPAN
| | - MASAHIRO KOHZUKI
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, JAPAN
| | - OSAMU ITO
- Division of General Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, JAPAN
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Andres-Hernando A, Orlicky DJ, Cicerchi C, Kuwabara M, Garcia GE, Nakagawa T, Sanchez-Lozada LG, Johnson RJ, Lanaspa MA. High Fructose Corn Syrup Accelerates Kidney Disease and Mortality in Obese Mice with Metabolic Syndrome. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13050780. [PMID: 37238651 DOI: 10.3390/biom13050780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of obesity and metabolic syndrome is strongly linked with chronic kidney disease (CKD), but the mechanisms responsible for the association are poorly understood. Here, we tested the hypothesis that mice with obesity and metabolic syndrome might have increased susceptibility to CKD from liquid high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) by favoring the absorption and utilization of fructose. We evaluated the pound mouse model of metabolic syndrome to determine if it showed baseline differences in fructose transport and metabolism and whether it was more susceptible to chronic kidney disease when administered HFCS. Pound mice have increased expression of fructose transporter (Glut5) and fructokinase (the limiting enzyme driving fructose metabolism) associated with enhanced fructose absorption. Pound mice receiving HFCS rapidly develop CKD with increased mortality rates associated with intrarenal mitochondria loss and oxidative stress. In pound mice lacking fructokinase, the effect of HFCS to cause CKD and early mortality was aborted, associated with reductions in oxidative stress and fewer mitochondria loss. Obesity and metabolic syndrome show increased susceptibility to fructose-containing sugars and increased risk for CKD and mortality. Lowering added sugar intake may be beneficial in reducing the risk for CKD in subjects with metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Andres-Hernando
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Rocky Mountain VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - David J Orlicky
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Christina Cicerchi
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Masanari Kuwabara
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo 105-8470, Japan
| | - Gabriela E Garcia
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Takahiko Nakagawa
- Department of Regenerative Medicine Development, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu 520-2192, Japan
| | | | - Richard J Johnson
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Miguel A Lanaspa
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Rocky Mountain VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Köse S, Ahan RE, Köksaldı İÇ, Olgaç A, Kasapkara ÇS, Şeker UÖŞ. Multiplexed cell-based diagnostic devices for detection of renal biomarkers. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 223:115035. [PMID: 36571991 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.115035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The number of synthetic biology-based solutions employed in the medical industry is growing every year. The whole cell biosensors being one of them, have been proven valuable tools for developing low-cost, portable, personalized medicine alternatives to conventional techniques. Based on this concept, we targeted one of the major health problems in the world, Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). To do so, we developed two novel biosensors for the detection of two important renal biomarkers: urea and uric acid. Using advanced gene expression control strategies, we improved the operational range and the response profiles of each biosensor to meet clinical specifications. We further engineered these systems to enable multiplexed detection as well as an AND-logic gate operating system. Finally, we tested the applicability of these systems and optimized their working dynamics inside complex medium human blood serum. This study could help the efforts to transition from labor-intensive and expensive laboratory techniques to widely available, portable, low-cost diagnostic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sıla Köse
- UNAM-Institute of Materias Science and Nanotechnology, National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Recep Erdem Ahan
- UNAM-Institute of Materias Science and Nanotechnology, National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - İlkay Çisil Köksaldı
- UNAM-Institute of Materias Science and Nanotechnology, National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Asburçe Olgaç
- Dr Sami Ulus Children's Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Çiğdem Seher Kasapkara
- Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Department of Internal Medicine, Children's Health and Disease Section, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Urartu Özgür Şafak Şeker
- UNAM-Institute of Materias Science and Nanotechnology, National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey.
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12
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Yamaoka S, Sasaki K, Sato S. Curcumin intake during lactation suppresses oxidative stress through upregulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 in the kidneys of fructose-loaded female rat offspring exposed to maternal protein restriction. Birth Defects Res 2023; 115:674-686. [PMID: 36811147 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A high-fructose diet causes the progression of chronic kidney disease. Maternal malnutrition during pregnancy and lactation increases oxidative stress, leading to chronic renal diseases later in life. We investigated whether curcumin intake during lactation could suppress oxidative stress and regulate NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression in the kidneys of fructose-loaded female rat offspring exposed to maternal protein restriction. METHODS Pregnant Wistar rats received diets containing 20% (NP) or 8% (LP) casein and 0 or 2.5 g "highly absorptive curcumin" /kg diet containing-LP diets (LP/LP or LP/Cur) during lactation. At weaning, female offspring received either distilled water (W) or 10% fructose solution (Fr) and were divided into four groups: NP/NP/W, LP/LP/W, LP/LP/Fr, and LP/Cur/Fr. At week 13, glucose (Glc), triacylglycerol (Tg), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the plasma, macrophages number, fibrotic area, glutathione (GSH) levels, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, protein expression levels of Nrf2, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) in the kidneys were examined. RESULTS The plasma levels of Glc, TG, and MDA, the number of macrophages, and the percentage of fibrotic area in the kidneys of the LP/Cur/Fr group were significantly lower than those of the LP/LP/Fr group. The expression of Nrf2 and its downstream molecules HO-1 and SOD1, GSH levels, and GPx activity in the kidneys of the LP/Cur/Fr group were significantly higher than those of the LP/LP/Fr group. CONCLUSIONS Maternal curcumin intake during lactation may suppress oxidative stress by upregulating Nrf2 expression in the kidneys of fructose-loaded female offspring exposed to maternal protein restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Yamaoka
- Aomori University of Health and Welfare, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Aomori, Japan.,Department of Nutrition, Akita Nutrition Junior College, Akita, Japan
| | - Kotomi Sasaki
- Department of Nutrition, Aomori University of Health and Welfare, Aomori, Japan
| | - Shin Sato
- Aomori University of Health and Welfare, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Aomori, Japan.,Department of Nutrition, Aomori University of Health and Welfare, Aomori, Japan
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13
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Lubawy M, Formanowicz D. High-Fructose Diet-Induced Hyperuricemia Accompanying Metabolic Syndrome-Mechanisms and Dietary Therapy Proposals. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3596. [PMID: 36834291 PMCID: PMC9960726 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Fructose is often used as a food ingredient due to its low production costs and sweetening power. In recent years, it has been noticed that people on a Western diet high in fructose have high levels of uric acid in their blood. It was recognized that the specific metabolism of fructose in the body might cause increased production of uric acid, which then may affect the intensification of lipogenesis and the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS), insulin resistance, gout, cardiovascular diseases, leptin resistance, or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. So far, to treat hyperuricemia, it has been recommended to use a low-purine diet characterized by limiting protein-containing products. However, this recommendation often leads to an increased intake of carbohydrate-rich foods that may contain fructose. Increased fructose consumption may enhance the secretion of uric acid again and, consequently, does not have therapeutic effects. Therefore, instead of a low-purine diet, using healthy diets, such as DASH or the Mediterranean diet, which can benefit metabolic parameters, could be a better proposal. This article provides an overview of this approach, focusing on MetS and hyperuricemia among high-fructose dieters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michalina Lubawy
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Dorota Formanowicz
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
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14
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Børresen KØ, Rosendahl-Riise H, Brantsæter AL, Egeland GM. Intake of sucrose-sweetened beverages and risk of developing pharmacologically treated hypertension in women: cohort study. BMJ Nutr Prev Health 2022; 5:277-285. [PMID: 36619334 PMCID: PMC9813634 DOI: 10.1136/bmjnph-2022-000426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the association between intake of sucrose-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and risk of developing pharmacologically treated hypertension in a population of Norwegian mothers followed up to 10 years after delivery. Design Women without hypertension at baseline in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (n=60 027) who delivered between 2004 and 2009 were linked to the Norwegian Prescription Database to ascertain antihypertensive medication use after the first 90 days following delivery. Diet was assessed by a validated semiquantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire in mid pregnancy. Cox proportional hazard analyses evaluated HRs for the development of hypertension associated with SSB consumption as percent energy by quintiles in multivariable models. Supplemental analyses were stratified by gestational hypertension and by a low versus high sodium-to-potassium intake ratio (<0.78 compared with ≥0.78). Results A total of 1480 women developed hypertension within 10 years of follow-up. The highest relative to the lowest quintile of SSB intake was associated with an elevated risk for hypertension after adjusting for numerous covariates in adjusted models (HR: 1.20 (95% CI: 1.02 to 1.42)). Consistency in results was observed in sensitivity analyses. In stratified analyses, the high SSB intake quintile associated with elevated hypertension risk among women who were normotensive during pregnancy (HR: 1.25 (95% CI: 1.03 to 1.52)), who had normal body mass index (HR: 1.49 (95% CI: 1.13 to 1.93)) and among women with low sodium to potassium ratio (HR: 1.33 (95% CI: 1.04 to 1.70)). Conclusions This study provides strong evidence that SSB intake is associated with an increased risk of hypertension in women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Grace M Egeland
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway,Department of Health Registry Research and Development, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
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15
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Dietary Supplementation with D-Ribose-L-Cysteine Prevents Hepatic Stress and Pro-Inflammatory Responses in Male Wistar Rats Fed a High-Fructose High-Fat Diet. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2022; 29:631-639. [PMID: 36412634 PMCID: PMC9680386 DOI: 10.3390/pathophysiology29040049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Diets rich in fats and fructose are associated with the pathogenesis of oxidative stress-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Therefore, we investigated the effect of D-ribose-L-cysteine (DRLC) in high-fructose high-fat (HFHF) diet-fed rats. Twenty rats (n = 5), divided into four groups, were simultaneously exposed to HFHF and/or DRLC (250 mg/kg) orally during the 8 weeks of the study. Results showed that HFHF precipitated pro-inflammation and selective disruption of the oxidative stress markers. There were significant decreases in the level of antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), hepatic SOD and GPX. Significant increases in serum levels of uric acid (UA), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP) and hepatic Xanthine oxidase (XO) were observed in the HFHF compared to the control. In the HFHF + DRLC group, oxidative stress was mitigated due to differences in serum levels of SOD, GPX, TAC, TNF-α, liver SOD, and XO relative to control. The administration of DRLC alone caused significant reductions in malondialdehyde, UA and CRP and a significant increase in SOD compared to the control. DRLC prevents hepatic and systemic oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory events in HFHF diet-fed rats.
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16
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Brostek A, Hong NJ, Zhang R, Forester BR, Barmore LE, Kaydo L, Kluge N, Smith C, Garvin JL, Gonzalez‐Vicente A. Independent effects of sex and stress on fructose-induced salt-sensitive hypertension. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15489. [PMID: 36200315 PMCID: PMC9535342 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Proximal tubule fructose metabolism is key to fructose-induced hypertension, but the roles of sex and stress are unclear. We hypothesized that females are resistant to the salt-sensitive hypertension caused by low amounts of dietary fructose compared to males and that the magnitude of the increase in blood pressure (BP) depends, in part, on amplification of the stress response of renal sympathetic nerves. We measured systolic BP (SBP) in rats fed high salt with either no sugar (HS), 20% glucose (GHS) or 20% fructose (FHS) in the drinking water for 7-8 days. FHS increased SBP in both males (Δ22 ± 9 mmHg; p < 0.046) and females (Δ16 ± 3 mmHg; p < 0.0007), while neither GHS nor HS alone induced changes in SBP in either sex. The FHS-induced increase in SBP as measured by telemetry in the absence of added stress (8 ± 2 mmHg) was significantly lower than that measured by plethysmography (24 ± 5 mmHg) (p < 0.014). However, when BP was measured by telemetry simulating the stress of plethysmography, the increase in SBP was significantly greater (15 ± 3 mmHg) than under low stress (8 ± 1 mmHg) (p < 0.014). Moderate-stress also increased telemetric diastolic (p < 0.006) and mean BP (p < 0.006) compared to low-stress in FHS-fed animals. Norepinephrine excretion was greater in FHS-fed rats than HS-fed animals (Male: 6.4 ± 1.7 vs.1.8 ± 0.4 nmole/kg/day; p < 0.02. Female 54 ± 18 vs. 1.2 ± 0.6; p < 0.02). We conclude that fructose-induced salt-sensitive hypertension is similar in males and females unlike other forms of hypertension, and the increase in blood pressure depends in part on an augmented response of the sympathetic nervous system to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Autumn Brostek
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Nancy J. Hong
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Ronghao Zhang
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Beau R. Forester
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Lauren E. Barmore
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Lindsey Kaydo
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Nicholas Kluge
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Corey Smith
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Jeffrey L. Garvin
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Agustin Gonzalez‐Vicente
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOhioUSA
- Department of Nephrology and HypertensionCleveland Clinic Glickman Urological & Kidney InstituteClevelandOhioUSA
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17
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Tsareva IA, Ivanova GT, Lobov GI. Early Functional Changes in Rat Arteries and Microcirculatory Vessels while Modeling Metabolic Syndrome. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093022050179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
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18
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Berenyiova A, Cebova M, Aydemir BG, Golas S, Majzunova M, Cacanyiova S. Vasoactive Effects of Chronic Treatment with Fructose and Slow-Releasing H2S Donor GYY-4137 in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats: The Role of Nitroso and Sulfide Signalization. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169215. [PMID: 36012477 PMCID: PMC9409378 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased fructose consumption induces metabolic-syndrome-like pathologies and modulates vasoactivity and the participation of nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S). We investigated whether a slow-releasing H2S donor, GYY-4137, could exert beneficial activity in these conditions. We examined the effect of eight weeks of fructose intake on the blood pressure, biometric parameters, vasoactive responses, and NO and H2S pathways in fructose-fed spontaneously hypertensive rats with or without three weeks of GYY-4137 i.p. application. GYY-4137 reduced triacylglycerol levels and blood pressure, but not adiposity, and all were increased by fructose intake. Fructose intake generally enhanced endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation, decreased adrenergic contraction, and increased protein expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), and concentration of conjugated dienes in the left ventricle (LV). Although GYY-4137 administration did not affect vasorelaxant responses, it restored disturbed contractility, LV oxidative damage and decreased protein expression of TNFα in fructose-fed rats. While the participation of endogenous H2S in vasoactive responses was not affected by fructose treatment, the expression of H2S-producing enzyme cystathionine β-synthase in the LV was increased, and the stimulation of the NO signaling pathway improved endothelial function in the mesenteric artery. On the other hand, chronic treatment with GYY-4137 increased the expression of H2S-producing enzyme cystathionine γ-lyase in the LV and stimulated the beneficial pro-relaxant and anti-contractile activity of endogenous H2S in thoracic aorta. Our results suggest that sulfide and nitroso signaling pathways could trigger compensatory vasoactive responses in hypertensive rats with metabolic disorder. A slow H2S-releasing donor could partially amend metabolic-related changes and trigger beneficial activity of endogenous H2S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Berenyiova
- Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 841-04 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Martina Cebova
- Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 841-04 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Basak Gunes Aydemir
- Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 841-04 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Samuel Golas
- Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 841-04 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Miroslava Majzunova
- Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 841-04 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, 841-04 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Sona Cacanyiova
- Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 841-04 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Correspondence:
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19
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Benkhaled A, Réggami Y, Boudjelal A, Senator A, Bouriche H, Demirtaş I, Kheniche A, Benyettou H, Larabi N, Ruberto G. Chemical characterisation, hypoglycaemic and renoprotective effects of aqueous leaf extract of Limoniastrum guyonianum on fructose-induced metabolic syndrome in rats. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:914-923. [PMID: 32188282 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1739715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we chemically characterised the aqueous leaf extract of Limoniastrum guyonianum by HPLC-TOF/MS and evaluated its effects on fructose-induced metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Wistar rats. MetS groups were given (10% w/v) fructose solution to drink ad libitum for 9 weeks, whereas, normal animals received ordinary water. LG extract was administrated to treated groups by gavage for the last 6 weeks of the experimental period. Fructose feeding as a liquid solution increased body weight, reduced insulin sensitivity, raised blood glucose level and provoked atherogenic dyslipidemia associated with renal oxidative stress and structural damage. Treating MetS rats with LG extract at doses of 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg b.w./day considerably ameliorated the fructose-induced alterations. From this study, it was concluded that aqueous leaf extract of L. guyonianum possesses hypoglycaemic, hypolipidemic, antioxidant and renoprotective abilities against fructose-induced metabolic syndrome in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abderrahim Benkhaled
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Mohamed Boudiaf-M'sila University, M'sila, Algeria
| | - Yassine Réggami
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Mohamed Boudiaf-M'sila University, M'sila, Algeria
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Applied Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Badji Mokhtar-Annaba University, Annaba, Algeria
| | - Amel Boudjelal
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Mohamed Boudiaf-M'sila University, M'sila, Algeria
| | - Abderrahmane Senator
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Ferhat Abbas-Setif University, Setif, Algeria
| | - Hamama Bouriche
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Ferhat Abbas-Setif University, Setif, Algeria
| | - Ibrahim Demirtaş
- Plant Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Cankiri Karatekin University, Cankiri, Turkey
| | - Abdelhakim Kheniche
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Mohamed Boudiaf-M'sila University, M'sila, Algeria
| | - Halima Benyettou
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Mohamed Boudiaf-M'sila University, M'sila, Algeria
| | - Nadia Larabi
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Mohamed Boudiaf-M'sila University, M'sila, Algeria
| | - Giuseppe Ruberto
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ICB-CNR), Catania, Italy
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20
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Protective Effect of Butanolic Fraction of Delphinium brunonianum on Fructose-Mediated Metabolic Alterations in Rats. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12060481. [PMID: 35736413 PMCID: PMC9227329 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12060481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was conducted with an intent to evaluate the protective effect of butanolic fraction of Delphinium brunonianum on fructose mediated metabolic abnormalities in rats. Rats in all groups except control group were fed on 10% fructose for 6 weeks; however, rats in the treated group also received butanolic fraction for the last 3 weeks, along with the fructose. Moreover, phytoconstituents present in butanolic fraction were analyzed using LC-MS. All doses of butanolic fraction profoundly reduce the fructose-induced blood pressure, sympathetic over-activity, and weight gain. Furthermore, butanolic fraction prominently reduces the glucose intolerance and hyperinsulinemia in fructose-fed rats. On treatment with butanolic fraction, oxidative enzymes and the functionality of the aorta was also restored. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of several active constituents including bergenin, scopolin, rutinoside, kaempferol, coumaric acid, apigenin, and gingerol. In conclusion, butanolic fraction of Delphinium brunonianum has the potential to prevent and recover the fructose-induced metabolic perturbations.
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21
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Narciso L, Martinelli A, Torriani F, Frassanito P, Bernardini R, Chiarotti F, Marianelli C. Natural Mineral Waters and Metabolic Syndrome: Insights From Obese Male and Female C57BL/6 Mice on Caloric Restriction. Front Nutr 2022; 9:886078. [PMID: 35685873 PMCID: PMC9172593 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.886078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) represents one of the greatest challenges to public health given its serious consequences on cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. A carbohydrate-restricted, low-fat diet is the current therapy for MetS. Natural mineral waters (NMWs) are known to exert beneficial effects on human health. Our primary objective was to shed light on the potential therapeutic properties of NMWs in MetS. A total of 125 C57BL/6 male and female mice were included in the study. Of these, 10 were left untreated. They were fed a standard diet with tap water throughout the study period, and stayed healthy. The remaining 115 mice were initially fed a high-calorie diet (HCD) consisting of a high-fat feed (60% of energy from fat) with 10% fructose in tap water, served ad libitum over a period of 4 months to induce MetS (the MetS induction phase). Mice were then randomly divided into six treatment groups and a control group, all of which received a low-calorie diet (LCD), but with a different kind of drinking water, for 2 months (the treatment phase). Five groups were each treated with a different kind of NMW, one group by alternating the five NMWs, and one group – the control group – was given tap water. Body weight and blood biochemistry were monitored over the 6-month trial. After 4 months, male and female mice on HCD developed obesity, hypercholesterolaemia and hyperglycaemia, although gains in body weight, total cholesterol, and blood glucose in males were greater than those observed in females (P < 0.0001). When combined with an LCD, the NMWs rich in sulphate, magnesium and bicarbonate, and the minimally mineralised one were the most effective in reducing the blood levels of total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and glucose. Sex differences emerged during both the MetS induction phase and the treatment phase. These results suggest that NMWs rich in specific macronutrients, such as bicarbonate, sulphate and magnesium, and minimally mineralised water, in combination with an LCD, may contribute to controlling blood lipid and glucose levels in subjects with MetS. Further studies are needed to confirm these results and to extend them to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Narciso
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Martinelli
- Centre for Animal Experimentation and Well-Being, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Flavio Torriani
- Centre for Animal Experimentation and Well-Being, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Frassanito
- Centre for Animal Experimentation and Well-Being, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Bernardini
- Interdepartmental Center for Comparative Medicine, Alternative Techniques and Aquaculture, University of Rome “Tor Vergata,”Rome, Italy
| | - Flavia Chiarotti
- Centre for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Marianelli
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Cinzia Marianelli,
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22
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Jensen LJ, Lund MA, Salomonsson M, Goetze JP, Jonassen TE, Holstein-Rathlou NH, Axelsen LN, Sørensen CM. Diet-induced hypertension in rats is associated with increased renal vasoconstrictor response to angiotensin II after imitated endothelial dysfunction. Microvasc Res 2022; 141:104333. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2022.104333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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YEŞİLOT Ş, AŞÇI H, ÖZGÖÇMEN M, SAYGIN M, ARMAĞAN İ, ÇİÇEK E. The ameliorative effect of Acetylsalicylic acid plus Ascorbic acid against renal injury in Corn Syrup-fed rats. MEHMET AKIF ERSOY ÜNIVERSITESI VETERINER FAKÜLTESI DERGISI 2022. [DOI: 10.24880/maeuvfd.981913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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24
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Niewiadomska J, Gajek-Marecka A, Gajek J, Noszczyk-Nowak A. Biological Potential of Polyphenols in the Context of Metabolic Syndrome: An Analysis of Studies on Animal Models. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11040559. [PMID: 35453758 PMCID: PMC9029039 DOI: 10.3390/biology11040559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a disease that has a complex etiology. It is defined as the co-occurrence of several pathophysiological disorders, including obesity, hyperglycemia, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. MetS is currently a severe problem in the public health care system. As its prevalence increases every year, it is now considered a global problem among adults and young populations. The treatment of choice comprises lifestyle changes based mainly on diet and physical activity. Therefore, researchers have been attempting to discover new substances that could help reduce or even reverse the symptoms when added to food. These attempts have resulted in numerous studies. Many of them have investigated the bioactive potential of polyphenols as a "possible remedy", stemming from their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects and properties normalizing carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Polyphenols may be supportive in preventing or delaying the onset of MetS or its complications. Additionally, the consumption of food rich in polyphenols should be considered as a supplement for antidiabetic drugs. To ensure the relevance of the studies on polyphenols' properties, mechanisms of action, and potential human health benefits, researchers have used laboratory animals displaying pathophysiological changes specific to MetS. Polyphenols or their plant extracts were chosen according to the most advantageous mitigation of pathological changes in animal models best reflecting the components of MetS. The present paper comprises an overview of animal models of MetS, and promising polyphenolic compounds whose bioactive potential, effect on metabolic pathways, and supplementation-related benefits were analyzed based on in vivo animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Niewiadomska
- Doctoral School of Wroclaw, University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Jacek Gajek
- Department of Emergency Medical Service, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Noszczyk-Nowak
- Department of Internal and Diseases with Clinic for Horses, Dogs, and Cats, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland;
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Wu CJ, Cheng PW, Kung MH, Ho CY, Pan JY, Tseng CJ, Chen HH. Glut5 Knockdown in the Nucleus Tractus Solitarii Alleviates Fructose-Induced Hypertension in Rats. J Nutr 2022; 152:448-457. [PMID: 34687200 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have suggested mechanisms whereby excessive fructose intake increases blood pressure (BP). Glucose transporter 5 (GLUT5) is a fructose transporter expressed on enterocytes, and its involvement in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS)-modulated increase in BP following fructose intake remains unclear. OBJECTIVES Herein, we investigated whether NTS Glut5 knockdown (KD) can alleviate fructose-induced hypertension in rat models. METHODS Male Wistar-Kyoto rats (6-8 weeks old; average weight: 230 g) were randomly assigned into 4 groups [control (Con), fructose (Fru), fructose + scrambled (Fru + S), and Fru + KD]. The Con group rats had ad libitum access to regular water, and the other 3 groups were provided 10% fructose water ad libitum for 4 weeks (2 weeks before lentiviral transfection in the Fru + S and Fru + KD groups). Glut5 short hairpin RNA was delivered into the NTS of rats using a lentivirus system. Fructose-induced hypertension was assessed via the tail-cuff technique, a noninvasive blood pressure measurement approach. GLUT5-associated and other insulin signaling pathways in the NTS of rats were assessed using immunofluorescence and immunoblotting analyses. We evaluated between-group differences using the Mann-Whitney U test or Kruskal-Wallis 1-way ANOVA. RESULTS Compared with the Fru + S group, the Fru + KD group had reduced sympathetic nerve hyperactivity (48.8 ± 3.2 bursts/min; P < 0.05), improved central insulin signaling, upregulated protein kinase B (AKT; 3.0-fold) and neuronal NO synthase (nNOS; 2.78-fold) expression, and lowered BP (17 ± 1 mmHg, P < 0.05). Moreover, Glut5 KD restored signaling dependent on adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase and reduced fructose-induced oxidative stress 2.0-fold, and thus decreased NAD(P)H oxidase in p67-phox 1.9-fold within the NTS. CONCLUSIONS Fructose-induced reactive oxygen species generates in the NTS of rats through GLUT5 and receptor for advanced glycation end products signaling, thus impairing the AKT-nNOS-NO signaling pathway and ultimately causing hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Jen Wu
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Optometry, Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Wen Cheng
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsiang Kung
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Yi Ho
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Yen Pan
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Jiunn Tseng
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hung Chen
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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El-Domiaty HF, Sweed E, Kora MA, Zaki NG, Khodir SA. Activation of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 ameliorates metabolic syndrome-induced renal damage in rats by renal TLR4 and nuclear transcription factor κB downregulation. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:904756. [PMID: 36035416 PMCID: PMC9411523 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.904756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is an independent risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD) through many mechanisms, including activation of the renin-angiotensin system. The deleterious effects of angiotensin II (Ang II) can be counterbalanced by angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Diminazene aceturate (DIZE), an anti-trypanosomal drug, can activate ACE2. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the possible reno-protective effects of DIZE in MetS rats with elucidation of related mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty adult male Wistar albino rats were divided equally into control, MetS, and MetS + DIZE groups. Body weight, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and urinary albumin levels were measured. Serum levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin, uric acid, lipid profile, urea, and creatinine were measured. Homeostasis Model Assessment Index (HOMA-IR) was estimated. Subsequently, renal levels of ACE2, Ang II, malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured with histopathological and immunohistochemical assessment of TLR4 and NF-κB in renal tissues. RESULTS MetS caused dyslipidemia with significant increases in body weight, SBP, FBG, serum insulin, HOMA-IR, uric acid, urea, creatinine, urinary albumin, and renal levels of Ang II, MDA, and TNF-α, whereas renal ACE2 and GSH were significantly decreased. Renal TLR4 and NF-κB immunoreactivity in MetS rats was upregulated. DIZE supplementation of MetS rats induced significant improvements in renal function parameters; this could be explained by the ability of DIZE to activate renal ACE2 and decrease renal Ang II levels with downregulation of renal TLR4 and NF-κB expression. CONCLUSION DIZE exerts a reno-protective effect in MetS, mainly by downregulating renal TLR4 and NF-κB levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba F. El-Domiaty
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Eman Sweed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Eman Sweed,
| | - Mona A. Kora
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Nader G. Zaki
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Suzan A. Khodir
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
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Vallon V, Nakagawa T. Renal Tubular Handling of Glucose and Fructose in Health and Disease. Compr Physiol 2021; 12:2995-3044. [PMID: 34964123 PMCID: PMC9832976 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c210030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The proximal tubule of the kidney is programmed to reabsorb all filtered glucose and fructose. Glucose is taken up by apical sodium-glucose cotransporters SGLT2 and SGLT1 whereas SGLT5 and potentially SGLT4 and GLUT5 have been implicated in apical fructose uptake. The glucose taken up by the proximal tubule is typically not metabolized but leaves via the basolateral facilitative glucose transporter GLUT2 and is returned to the systemic circulation or used as an energy source by distal tubular segments after basolateral uptake via GLUT1. The proximal tubule generates new glucose in metabolic acidosis and the postabsorptive phase, and fructose serves as an important substrate. In fact, under physiological conditions and intake, fructose taken up by proximal tubules is primarily utilized for gluconeogenesis. In the diabetic kidney, glucose is retained and gluconeogenesis enhanced, the latter in part driven by fructose. This is maladaptive as it sustains hyperglycemia. Moreover, renal glucose retention is coupled to sodium retention through SGLT2 and SGLT1, which induces secondary deleterious effects. SGLT2 inhibitors are new anti-hyperglycemic drugs that can protect the kidneys and heart from failing independent of kidney function and diabetes. Dietary excess of fructose also induces tubular injury. This can be magnified by kidney formation of fructose under pathological conditions. Fructose metabolism is linked to urate formation, which partially accounts for fructose-induced tubular injury, inflammation, and hemodynamic alterations. Fructose metabolism favors glycolysis over mitochondrial respiration as urate suppresses aconitase in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and has been linked to potentially detrimental aerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect). © 2022 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12:2995-3044, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Vallon
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA,Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA,VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA,Correspondence to and
| | - Takahiko Nakagawa
- Division of Nephrology, Rakuwakai-Otowa Hospital, Kyoto, Japan,Correspondence to and
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Flisiński M, Brymora A, Skoczylas-Makowska N, Stefańska A, Manitius J. Fructose-Rich Diet Is a Risk Factor for Metabolic Syndrome, Proximal Tubule Injury and Urolithiasis in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:203. [PMID: 35008629 PMCID: PMC8745542 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive consumption of fructose (FR) leads to obesity, metabolic syndrome (MS) and insulin resistance, which are known risk factors for kidney stones. The epidemiological study has suggested the association between fructose consumption and urolithiasis, but the precise mechanism is still not well understood. Male Wistar rats were assigned for 8 weeks to three groups with different FR content in diet: RD (n = 5)-regular diet with a FR < 3%; F10 (n = 6)-regular diet with an addition of 10% Fr in drinking water; F60 (n = 5)-60% FR as a solid food. Serum concentration of FR, creatinine (Cr), insulin (Ins), triglycerides (Tg), homocysteine (HCS), uric acid (UA), calcium (Ca), phosphate (Pi), magnesium (Mg) and sodium (Na) were measured. Based on 24 h urine collection the following tests were performed: urine pH, proteinuria (PCR), excretion of N-Acetyl-(D)-Glucosaminidase (NAG), monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-1), uric acid (uUAEx), phosphate (uPiEx), calcium (uCaEx), magnesium (uMgEx) and sodium (uNaEx). The creatinine clearance (CrCl) was calculated. Calcium deposits in kidney sections were examined using hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and von Kossa stains. The rats on F10 and F60, as compared to the RD diet, showed a tendency for lower CrCl, higher HCS level and some features of MS as higher Ins and TG levels. Interestingly, F10 (fluid) versus F60 (solid) diet led to higher serum Ins levels. F10 and F60 versus RD demonstrated higher urinary excretion of MCP-1 and NAG which were suggestive for inflammatory injury of the proximal tubule. F10 and F60 as compared to RD showed significantly lower uUAEx, although there were no differences in clearance and fractional excretion of UA. F60 versus RD induced severe phosphaturia (>30×) and natriuria (4×) and mild calciuria. F10 versus RD induced calciuria (3×), phosphaturia (2×) and mild natriuria. Calcium phosphate stones within the tubules and interstitium were found only in rats on FR diet, respectively, in two rats from the F10 group and another two in the F60 group. The rats which developed stones were characterized by significantly higher serum insulin concentration and urinary excretion of calcium and magnesium. A fructose-rich diet may promote development of calcium stones due to proximal tubule injury and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Flisiński
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Internal Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (A.B.); (J.M.)
| | - Andrzej Brymora
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Internal Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (A.B.); (J.M.)
| | - Natalia Skoczylas-Makowska
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Anna Stefańska
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Jacek Manitius
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Internal Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (A.B.); (J.M.)
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Roškarić P, Šperanda M, Mašek T, Verbanac D, Starčević K. Low Dietary n6/n3 Ratio Attenuates Changes in the NRF 2 Gene Expression, Lipid Peroxidation, and Inflammatory Markers Induced by Fructose Overconsumption in the Rat Abdominal Adipose Tissue. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:2005. [PMID: 34943108 PMCID: PMC8698844 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10122005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine the benefits of different n6/n3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratios on the lipid metabolism, insulin resistance, and oxidative stress in the adipose tissue of rats fed a high-fructose diet. Male and female rats were divided into four groups: a control group (CON) (n6/n3 ratio ~7), a high-fructose group (HF) (n6/n3 ratio ~7), an N6-HF group (n6/n3 ratio ~50), and the DHA-HF group (n6/n3 ratio ~1, with the addition of docosahexaenoic (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic (EPA) acid). The CON group received plain water and the HF group received 15% fructose in their drinking water. Fructose induced an increase in the content of serum triglycerides, serum cholesterol, and HOMA-IR index. Among the fatty acids, elevated proportions of C18:1n9 and C16:1n7, as well as an increase in total monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), were found in the adipose tissue of the HF group. Fructose treatment also changed oxidative parameters, including a marked increase in the serum malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Meanwhile, DHA supplementation caused a significant decrease in the serum MDA concentration in comparison with the HF group. In addition, DHA/EPA supplementation attenuated oxidative stress by increasing NRF 2 gene expression. Fructose treatment also significantly decreased the adiponectin level, while DHA supplementation ameliorated it. The changes observed in this trial, including the decrease in the content of DHA and EPA, the decreased EPA/ARA ratio, and the increase in the expression of inflammatory genes, are characteristics of the low-grade inflammation caused by fructose treatment. These changes in the rat adipose tissue could be prevented by dietary intervention consisting of DHA supplementation and a low n6/n3 ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Roškarić
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Marcela Šperanda
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Osijek, Vladimira Preloga 1, 31000 Osijek, Croatia;
| | - Tomislav Mašek
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Donatella Verbanac
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Hematology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Kristina Starčević
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
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Animal models of diabetic microvascular complications: Relevance to clinical features. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 145:112305. [PMID: 34872802 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes has become more common in recent years worldwide, and this growth is projected to continue in the future. The primary concern with diabetes is developing various complications, which significantly contribute to the disease's mortality and morbidity. Over time, the condition progresses from the pre-diabetic to the diabetic stage and then to the development of complications. Years and enormous resources are required to evaluate pharmacological interventions to prevent or delay the progression of disease or complications in humans. Appropriate screening models are required to gain a better understanding of both pathogenesis and potential therapeutic agents. Different species of animals are used to evaluate the pharmacological potentials and study the pathogenesis of the disease. Animal models are essential for research because they represent most of the structural, functional, and biochemical characteristics of human diseases. An ideal screening model should mimic the pathogenesis of the disease with identifiable characteristics. A thorough understanding of animal models is required for the experimental design to select an appropriate model. Each animal model has certain advantages and limitations. The present manuscript describes the animal models and their diagnostic characteristics to evaluate microvascular diabetic complications.
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Maternal Fructose Intake Exacerbates Cardiac Remodeling in Offspring with Ventricular Pressure Overload. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093267. [PMID: 34579143 PMCID: PMC8467570 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies demonstrated that metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases could be elicited by developmental programming, which is regulated by prenatal nutritional and environmental stress. In this study, we utilized a rat model to examine the effect of excessive maternal fructose intake during pregnancy and lactation on cardiac development and progression of pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy in offspring. Transverse aortic constriction (TAC) was performed on 3-month-old male offspring to induce ventricular pressure overload. Four weeks post-TAC, echocardiographic assessment as well as histopathological and biochemical examinations were performed on the myocardium of the offspring. Echocardiographic and gross examinations showed that heart weight, interventricular septal thickness in diastole (IVD; d), and left ventricular posterior wall thickness in diastole (LVPW; d) were elevated in offspring with TAC and further increased by maternal fructose exposure (MFE). However, the left ventricular ejection function was not significantly affected. Myocardial histopathological examination revealed that the indices of fibrosis and oxidative stress were higher in offspring with MFE and TAC than those in animals receiving either treatment. Molecular examinations on the myocardium demonstrated an MFE-induced upregulation of p38-MAPK signaling. Next generation sequence (NGS) analysis indicated a modulation of the expression levels of several cardiac hypertrophy-associated genes, including GPR22, Myh7, Nppa, P2RX4, and Npy by MFE. Subsequent RT-PCR indicated that MFE regulated the expression levels of genes responsive to cardiac hypertrophy (i.e., Myh-7, ANP) and oxidative stress (i.e., GR, GPx, and NQO-1). In conclusion, MFE during pregnancy and lactation modulated myocardial gene expression, increased oxidative stress, and exacerbated ventricular pressure overload-induced cardiac remodeling in rat offspring.
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D-ribose-L-cysteine prevents oxidative stress and cardiometabolic syndrome in high fructose high fat diet fed rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 142:112017. [PMID: 34399203 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiometabolic syndrome has been linked with dietary modification. Therefore, we investigated the effects of D-ribose-L-cysteine (DRLC) in rats fed with high fructose high fat (HFHF) diet. Twenty rats (n = 5), divided into 4 groups were concurrently exposed to HFHF and/or DRLC (250 mg/kg, p.o) during the 8 weeks study. The result showed that compared to control group, HFHF group had significant impairment in lipid and glucose homeostasis, increased cardiac xanthine oxidase, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, %body weight change and fluid intake. Also, there were significant reductions in HDL-C, cardiac (GPX, NO&GGT), feed intake and relative heart weight in the latter, relative to the former. However, there were no significant differences in most of the observed physical and biochemical changes in HFHF + DRLC group compared to control. DRLC alone did not disrupt the level of biomarkers. Conclusively, DRLC prevented the manifestation of oxidative stress and cardiometabolic syndrome in HFHF-diet fed rats.
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Xu L, Hu G, Qiu J, Fan Y, Ma Y, Miura T, Kohzuki M, Ito O. High Fructose-Induced Hypertension and Renal Damage Are Exaggerated in Dahl Salt-Sensitive Rats via Renal Renin-Angiotensin System Activation. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e016543. [PMID: 34259014 PMCID: PMC8483472 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.016543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background High‐fructose diet (HFr) induces hypertension and renal damage. However, it has been unknown whether the HFr‐induced hypertension and renal damage are exaggerated in subjects with salt sensitivity. We tested impacts of HFr in Dahl salt‐sensitive (DS) and salt‐resistant (DR) rats. Methods and Results Male DS and DR rats were fed control diet or HFr (60% fructose) with normal‐salt content. After 12 weeks, plasma and urinary parameters, renal histological characteristics, and renal expression of renin‐angiotensin system components were examined. Furthermore, effects of renin‐angiotensin system inhibitors were also examined in DS rats fed the HFr. HFr elevated blood pressure in DS rats but not in DR rats. HFr increased urinary albumin and liver type fatty acid binding protein excretions in both rats, but the excretions were exaggerated in DS rats. HFr increased plasma lipids and uric acid in both rats, whereas HFr increased creatinine clearance in DS rats but not DR rats. Although HFr decreased plasma renin activity in DS rats, HFr‐induced glomerular injury, afferent arteriolar thickening, and renal interstitial fibrosis were exaggerated in DS rats. HFr increased renal expression of angiotensinogen, renin, (pro)renin receptor, angiotensin‐converting enzyme, and angiotensin II type 1 receptor in DS rat, whereas HFr increased only angiotensin‐converting enzyme expression and decreased renin and angiotensin II type 1 receptor expressions in DR rats. Enalapril and candesartan attenuated the HFr‐induced hypertension, albuminuria, glomerular hyperfiltration, and renal damage in DS rats. Conclusion HFr‐induced hypertension and renal damage are exaggerated in DS rats via renal renin‐angiotensin system activation, which can be controlled by renin‐angiotensin system inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lusi Xu
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine Sendai Japan
| | - Gaizun Hu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology School of Medicine Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA
| | - Jiahe Qiu
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine Sendai Japan
| | - Yuxuan Fan
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine Sendai Japan
| | - Yixuan Ma
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine Sendai Japan
| | - Takahiro Miura
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine Sendai Japan
| | - Masahiro Kohzuki
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine Sendai Japan
| | - Osamu Ito
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine Sendai Japan.,Division of General Medicine and Rehabilitation Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University Faculty of Medicine Sendai Japan
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Zhou J, Yang J, Wang YM, Ding H, Li TS, Liu ZH, Chen L, Jiao RQ, Zhang DM, Kong LD. IL-6/STAT3 signaling activation exacerbates high fructose-induced podocyte hypertrophy by ketohexokinase-A-mediated tristetraprolin down-regulation. Cell Signal 2021; 86:110082. [PMID: 34252535 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glomerular hypertrophy is a crucial factor of severe podocyte damage and proteinuria. Our previous study showed that high fructose induced podocyte injury. The current study aimed to explore a novel molecular mechanism underlying podocyte hypertrophy induced by high fructose. Here we demonstrated for the first time that high fructose significantly initiated the hypertrophy in rat glomeruli and differentiated human podocytes (HPCs). Consistently, it induced inflammatory response with the down-regulation of anti-inflammatory factor zinc-finger protein tristetraprolin (TTP) and the activation of interleukin-6 (IL-6)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling in these animal and cell models. Subsequently, high-expression of microRNA-92a-3p (miR-92a-3p) and its target protein cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p57 (P57) down-regulation, representing abnormal proliferation and apoptosis, were observed in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, high fructose increased ketohexokinase-A (KHK-A) expression in rat glomeruli and differentiated HPCs. Exogenous IL-6 stimulation up-regulated IL-6/STAT3 signaling and miR-92a-3p, reduced P57 expression and promoted podocyte proliferation, apoptosis and hypertrophy in vitro. The data from anti-inflammatory agent maslinic acid treatment or TTP siRNA transfection showed that high fructose may decrease TTP to activate IL-6/STAT3 signaling in podocyte overproliferation and apoptosis, causing podocyte hypertrophy. Whereas, KHK-A siRNA transfection remarkably restored high fructose-induced TTP down-regulation, IL-6/STAT3 signaling activation, podocyte overproliferation, apoptosis and hypertrophy in differentiated HPCs. Taken together, these results suggested that high fructose possibly increased KHK-A expression to down-regulate TTP, subsequently activated IL-6/STAT3 signaling to interfere with podocyte proliferation and apoptosis by up-regulating miR-92a-3p to suppress P57 expression, causing podocyte hypertrophy. Therefore, the inactivation of IL-6/STAT3 to relieve podocyte hypertrophy mediated by inhibiting KHK-A to increase TTP may be a novel strategy for high fructose diet-associated podocyte injury and proteinuria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Jie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Yu-Meng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Hong Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Tu-Shuai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Zhi-Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Li Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Rui-Qing Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Dong-Mei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Ling-Dong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
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Kanbay M, Guler B, Ertuglu LA, Dagel T, Afsar B, Incir S, Baygul A, Covic A, Andres-Hernando A, Sánchez-Lozada LG, Lanaspa MA, Johnson RJ. The Speed of Ingestion of a Sugary Beverage Has an Effect on the Acute Metabolic Response to Fructose. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13061916. [PMID: 34199607 PMCID: PMC8228203 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The consumption of sweetened beverages is associated with increased risk of metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that the metabolic effects of fructose in sugary beverages might be modulated by the speed of ingestion in addition to the overall amount. DESIGN Thirty healthy subjects free of any disease and medication were recruited into two groups. After overnight fasting, subjects in group 1 drank 500 mL of apple juice over an hour by drinking 125 mL every 15 min, while subjects in group 2 drank 500 mL of apple juice over 5 min. Blood samples were collected at time zero and 15, 30, 60, and 120 min after ingestion to be analyzed for serum glucose, insulin, homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR) score, fibroblast growth factor 21, copeptin, osmolarity, sodium, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), lactate, uric acid, and phosphate levels. RESULTS Serum glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, fibroblast growth factor 21, copeptin, osmolarity, sodium, BUN, and lactate levels increased following apple juice ingestion. The increases were greater in the fast-drinking group, which were more significant after 15 min and 30 min compared to baseline. The changes in uric acid were not statistically different between the groups. Phosphate levels significantly increased only in the fast-drinking group. CONCLUSION Fast ingestion of 100% apple juice causes a significantly greater metabolic response, which may be associated with negative long-term outcomes. Our findings suggest that the rate of ingestion must be considered when evaluating the metabolic impacts of sweetened beverage consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Kanbay
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul 34010, Turkey;
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +90-21-2250-8250
| | - Begum Guler
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul 34450, Turkey; (B.G.); (L.A.E.)
| | - Lale A. Ertuglu
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul 34450, Turkey; (B.G.); (L.A.E.)
| | - Tuncay Dagel
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul 34010, Turkey;
| | - Baris Afsar
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University School of Medicine, Isparta 32260, Turkey;
| | - Said Incir
- Department of Biochemistry, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul 34010, Turkey;
| | - Arzu Baygul
- Department of Bioistastics, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul 34010, Turkey;
| | - Adrian Covic
- Department of Nephrology, Grigore T. Popa’ University of Medicine, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Ana Andres-Hernando
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (A.A.-H.); (M.A.L.); (R.J.J.)
| | | | - Miguel A. Lanaspa
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (A.A.-H.); (M.A.L.); (R.J.J.)
| | - Richard J. Johnson
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (A.A.-H.); (M.A.L.); (R.J.J.)
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Psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Sugar-Sweetened Beverages Media Literacy Scale for university students. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-019-00325-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Wahba NS, Ghareib SA, Abdel-Ghany RH, Abdel-Aal M, Alsemeh AE. Vitamin D3 potentiates the nephroprotective effects of metformin in a rat model of metabolic syndrome: role of AMPK/SIRT1 activation and DPP-4 inhibition. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 99:685-697. [PMID: 33108744 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2020-0435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The current study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms of metformin and vitamin D3-induced nephroprotection in a metabolic syndrome (MetS) rat model, evaluating the capacity of vitamin D3 to potentiate metformin action. MetS was induced by 10% fructose in drinking water and 3% salt in the diet. After 6 weeks, serum lipid profile and uric acid were measured, an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed, and kidney function was investigated. In conjunction with the same concentrations of fructose and salt feeding, MetS rats with significant weight gain, dyslipidemia, hyperuricemia, and dysglycemia were treated orally with metformin (200 mg/kg), vitamin D3 (10 µg/kg), or both daily for 6 weeks. At the end of the study period, anthropometrical parameters were recorded, OGTT was reperformed, urine and blood samples were collected, and tissue samples were harvested at sacrifice. MetS rats showed dramatically declined renal function, enhanced intrarenal oxidative stress and inflammation, and extravagant renal histopathological damage with interstitial fibrosis. Metformin and vitamin D3 significantly reversed all the aforementioned deleterious effects in MetS rats. The study has verified the nephroprotective effects of metformin and vitamin D3 in MetS, accentuating the critical role of AMP-activated protein kinase/sirtuin-1 activation and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibition. Given the synergistic effects of the combination, vitamin D3 is worth being investigated as an additional therapeutic agent for preventing MetS-induced nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehal S Wahba
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Salah A Ghareib
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Rasha H Abdel-Ghany
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdel-Aal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Amira E Alsemeh
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Human Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Heeba GH, Rabie EM, Abuzeid MM, Bekhit AA, Khalifa MM. Morin alleviates fructose-induced metabolic syndrome in rats via ameliorating oxidative stress, inflammatory and fibrotic markers. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 25:177-187. [PMID: 33859058 PMCID: PMC8050609 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2021.25.3.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MBS) is a widespread disease that has strongly related to unhealthy diet and low physical activity, which initiate more serious conditions such as obesity, cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study aimed to examine the therapeutic effects of morin, as one of the flavonoids constituents, which widely exists in many herbs and fruits, against some metabolic and hepatic manifestations observed in MBS rats and the feasible related mechanisms. MBS was induced in rats by high fructose diet feeding for 12 weeks. Morin (30 mg/kg) was administered orally to both normal and MBS rats for 4 weeks. Liver tissues were used for determination of liver index, hepatic expression of glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) as well as both inflammatory and fibrotic markers. The fat/muscle ratio, metabolic parameters, systolic blood pressure, and oxidative stress markers were also determined. Our data confirmed that the administration of morin in fructose diet rats significantly reduced the elevated systolic blood pressure. The altered levels of metabolic parameters such as blood glucose, serum insulin, serum lipid profile, and oxidative stress markers were also reversed approximately to the normal values. In addition, morin treatment decreased liver index, serum liver enzyme activities, and fat/muscle ratio. Furthermore, morin relatively up-regulated GLUT2 expression, however, down-regulated NF-κB, TNF-α, and TGF-β expressions in the hepatic tissues. Here, we revealed that morin has an exquisite effect against metabolic disorders in the experimental model through, at least in part, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-fibrotic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gehan Hussein Heeba
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Minia University, El-Minia 61111, Egypt
| | - Esraa Mohamed Rabie
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Minia University, El-Minia 61111, Egypt
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Chang YH, Chiang YF, Chen HY, Huang YJ, Wang KL, Hong YH, Ali M, Shieh TM, Hsia SM. Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Hyperuricemic Effects of Chrysin on a High Fructose Corn Syrup-Induced Hyperuricemia Rat Model via the Amelioration of Urate Transporters and Inhibition of NLRP3 Inflammasome Signaling Pathway. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10040564. [PMID: 33917369 PMCID: PMC8067405 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperuricemia is the main cause of gout and involved in the occurrence of many other diseases such as hyperlipidemia and hypertension correlated with metabolic disorders. Chrysin is a flavonoid compound found naturally in honey, propolis, and mushrooms and has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. However, its mechanism of action is not clear yet. This study investigated the mechanism of chrysin’s anti-hyperuricemic effect in hyperuricemia-induced rats fed with high-fructose corn syrup. Orally administrated chrysin for 28 consecutive days effectively decreased uric acid by inhibiting the activity of xanthine oxidase (XO) in the liver. Moreover, chrysin markedly downregulated the protein expression of uric acid transporter 1 (URAT1) and glucose transporter type 9 (GLUT9) and upregulated the protein expression of organic anion transporter 1 (OAT1) and human ATP-binding cassette subfamily G-2 (ABCG2). In addition, chrysin showed prominent anti-oxidative and inflammatory effects as the malondialdehyde (MDA) and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) concentration was reduced in both rat kidney and serum, which aligned with the inhibition of NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome signaling pathway activation. Collectively, our results strongly suggest that chrysin exhibits potent anti-hyperuricemic and anti-inflammatory effects that may yield new adjuvant treatments for gout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsien Chang
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Yi-Fen Chiang
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (Y.-F.C.); (H.-Y.C.); (Y.-J.H.)
| | - Hsin-Yuan Chen
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (Y.-F.C.); (H.-Y.C.); (Y.-J.H.)
- Department of Nutrition, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan;
| | - Yun-Ju Huang
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (Y.-F.C.); (H.-Y.C.); (Y.-J.H.)
| | - Kai-Lee Wang
- Department of Nursing, Ching Kuo Institute of Management and Health, Keelung 20301, Taiwan;
| | - Yong-Han Hong
- Department of Nutrition, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan;
| | - Mohamed Ali
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt;
| | - Tzong-Ming Shieh
- School of Dentistry, College of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
| | - Shih-Min Hsia
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (Y.-F.C.); (H.-Y.C.); (Y.-J.H.)
- School of Food and Safety, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-273-61661-6558
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Chaudhry MA, Mushtaq MN, Bukhari IA, Assiri AM. Ipomoea hederacea Jacq.: A plant with promising antihypertensive and cardio-protective effects. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 268:113584. [PMID: 33189838 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Seeds of Ipomoea hederacea Jacq. (family: Convolvulaceae) are traditionally used to treat high blood pressure and cardiac diseases. AIM OF THE STUDY Present study was conducted to validate the traditional claim and explore the possible mechanism(s) of antihypertensive effects of I. hederacea. MATERIALS AND METHODS Aqueous-ethanolic extract and activity based fractions of I. hederacea were evaluated using invasive blood pressure measuring technique, isolated tissue experiments, fructose induced hypertension/metabolic syndrome and biochemical analysis.Phytochemical analysis of active fraction was performed with aim to identify chemical composition of I. hederacea seeds. LC-MS analysis was also performed to identify the compounds proposed to be present in active fraction of I. hederacea seeds. RESULTS Crude extract/fractions of I. hederacea showed dose (0.01-100 mg/kg) dependent significant hypotensive effect in normotensive anesthetized rats, similar to verapamil (0.01-30 mg/kg). Pretreatment with hexamethonium and atropine mediated no significant changes in hypotensive effect of butanol fraction of I. hederacea (Ih.Bn) at 3 mg/kg dose. However, a significant decrease in the hypotensive effect of Ih.Bn 3 mg/kg (-34.82 ± 3.36%; p < 0.05) was observed in the presence of L-NAME (20 mg/kg). Similarly, Ih.Bn (3 mg/kg) showed no significant effect on angiotensin-II response. However, response of phenylephrine (45.60 ± 9.63%; p < 0.05) and dobutamine (18.25 ± 2.10%; p < 0.01) was significantly decreased in the presence of Ih.Bn 3 mg/kg. Ih.Bn also exhibited dose dependent (0.01-100 mg/kg) antihypertensive effect in fructose induced hypertensive rats, similar to verapamil (0.01-30 mg/kg). Concomitant treatment with Ih.Bn (3, 10 and 30 mg/kg) for six weeks showed a dose dependent profound protection with significant (p < 0.01) effect at 30 mg/kg against fructose induced basal mean arterial pressure (142.2 ± 4.62 mmHg). Ih.Bn did not significantly change response of PE, Ang-II and Epi was observed in invasive and ex vivo techniques. However, Ih.Bn significantly (p < 0.01; p < 0.001) prevented against decrease in vascular response of acetylcholine in anesthetized rats and in isolated aorta of rat. A significant dose dependent decrease in triglyceride and glucose level (p < 0.001), and increase in HDL level (p < 0.05) was observed in Ih.Bn treated groups. Results of LC-MS analysis of Ih.Bn showed the presence of 24 compounds that belong to different chemical classes, including carboxylic acid, flavonoids, oligopeptides and tripeptide that are known to have antihypertensive and vasorelaxant properties. CONCLUSIONS Results of present study indicate the presence of hypotensive/antihypertensive effect in crude extract/fractions of I. hederacea with most potent effect shown by butanol fraction (Ih.Bn), possibly mediated through α1 blocking, β blocking and iNOS/cGMP stimulating activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mueen Ahmad Chaudhry
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research and Integrative Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan; Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Ishfaq Ali Bukhari
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, King Saud University Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asaad Mohamed Assiri
- Prince Abdullah Ben Khaled Celiac Disease Research Chair, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Kloster A, Hyer MM, Dyer S, Salome-Sanchez C, Neigh GN. High Fructose Diet Induces Sex-specific Modifications in Synaptic Respiration and Affective-like Behaviors in Rats. Neuroscience 2021; 454:40-50. [PMID: 31881260 PMCID: PMC7311226 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The consequences of excessive fructose intake extend beyond those of metabolic disorder to changes in emotional regulation and cognitive function. Long-term consumption of fructose, particularly common when begun in adolescence, is more likely to lead to deleterious consequences than acute consumption. These long-term consequences manifest differently in males and females, suggesting a sex-divergent mechanism by which fructose can impair physiology and neural function. The purpose of the current project was to investigate a possible sex-specific mechanism by which elevated fructose consumption drives behavioral deficits and accompanying metabolic symptoms - specifically, synaptic mitochondrial function. Male and female rats were fed a high fructose diet beginning at weaning and maintained into adulthood. Measures of physiological health across the diet consumption period indicated that females were more likely to gain weight than males while both displayed increased circulating blood glucose. As adults, females fed the high fructose diet displayed increased floating behavior in the forced swim task while males exhibited increased exploratory behavior in the open field. Synaptic respiration was altered by diet in both females and males but the effect was sex-divergent - fructose-fed females had increased synaptic respiration while males showed a decrease. When exposed to an acute energetic challenge, the pattern was reversed. Taken together, these data indicate that diet-induced alterations to neural function and physiology are sex-specific and highlight the need to consider sex as a biological variable when treating metabolic disease. Furthermore, these data suggest that synaptic mitochondrial function may contribute directly to the behavioral consequences of elevated fructose consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alix Kloster
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States
| | - Molly M Hyer
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States
| | - Samya Dyer
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States
| | - Charlie Salome-Sanchez
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States
| | - Gretchen N Neigh
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States.
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Khorshidian N, Shadnoush M, Zabihzadeh Khajavi M, Sohrabvandi S, Yousefi M, Mortazavian AM. Fructose and high fructose corn syrup: are they a two-edged sword? Int J Food Sci Nutr 2021; 72:592-614. [PMID: 33499690 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2020.1862068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
High-fructose syrups are used as sugar substitutes due to their physical and functional properties. High fructose corn syrup (HFCS) is used in bakery products, dairy products, breakfast cereals and beverages, but it has been reported that there might be a direct relationship between high fructose intake and adverse health effects such as obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Thus, fructose has recently received much attention, most of which was negative. Although studies have indicated that there might be a correlation between high fructose-rich diet and several adverse effects, however, the results of these studies cannot be certainly generalised to the effects of HFCS; because they have investigated pure fructose at very high concentrations in measurement of metabolic upsets. This review critically considered the advantages and possible disadvantages of HFCS application and consumption in food industry, as a current challenging issue between nutritionists and food technologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Khorshidian
- Food Safety Research Center (Salt), Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mahdi Shadnoush
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Zabihzadeh Khajavi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology/National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Sohrabvandi
- Department of Food Technology Research, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Yousefi
- Food Safety Research Center (Salt), Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Amir M Mortazavian
- Food Safety Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Yahia H, Hassan A, El-Ansary MR, Al-Shorbagy MY, El-Yamany MF. IL-6/STAT3 and adipokine modulation using tocilizumab in rats with fructose-induced metabolic syndrome. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 393:2279-2292. [PMID: 32651660 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-01940-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a low-grade inflammation state that results from an interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The incidence of MetS among individuals with insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, elevated blood pressure, and obesity, which constitute the syndrome, is 40% in the Middle East. The absence of an approved therapeutic agent for MetS is one reason to investigate tocilizumab (TCZ), which might be effective in the treatment of MetS. Results have implicated interleukin 6 (IL-6) in the development of MetS, identifying inflammation as a critical factor in its etiology and offering hope for new therapeutic approaches development. Here, we evaluate whether tocilizumab can be used for metabolic syndrome treatment. We assigned rats to three groups, 8 rats each: a negative-control group, provided with standard rodent chow and water; a fructose-fed group, provided with standard rodent chow and 10% fructose in drinking water for 22 weeks; and a treatment group, fed as per the metabolic syndrome group but treated with tocilizumab (5 mg/kg/week, intraperitoneal) for the final 5 weeks. Treatment with TCZ successfully ameliorated the damaging effects of fructose by stabilizing body weight gain and through the normalization of serum biochemical parameters and histopathological examination. Significant differences in adipokine levels were perceived, resulting in a significant decline in serum leptin and interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels concurrent with adiponectin normalization. Tocilizumab might be an effective agent for the treatment of metabolic syndrome. However, further investigations on human subjects are needed before the clinical application of tocilizumab for this indication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haneen Yahia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, Al-Mokattam, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Azza Hassan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona R El-Ansary
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Y Al-Shorbagy
- School of Pharmacy, Newgiza University, Giza, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed F El-Yamany
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Pasaoglu OT, Bircan FS, Topal T, Turkozkan N. Positive Effects of Melatonin on Renal Nitric Oxide-Asymmetric Dimethylarginine Metabolism in Fructose-Fed Rats. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2020; 19:120-126. [PMID: 33090894 DOI: 10.1089/met.2020.0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The incidence of metabolic syndrome is increasing worldwide and this is mainly attributed to high carbohydrate intake, especially of fructose, and sedentary lifestyles. Nitric oxide (NO), which is synthesized by nitric oxide synthase (NOS) enzymes, is a crucial molecule for endothelial and renal health. Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is the most potent inhibitor of NOS and it is degraded by dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH). The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of melatonin on renal NO-ADMA metabolism using a metabolic syndrome model achieved by fructose administration. Methods: Thirty-two rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 8): (1) control group, (2) fructose group, (3) melatonin group, and (4) fructose + melatonin group. Fructose (20%) was given in drinking water. Melatonin [20 mg/(kg·day)] was administered in 0.1% ethanol solution. After 8 weeks, kidney tissues were collected to measure tissue levels of nitrite/nitrate (NOx), ADMA, arginine, symmetric dimethylarginine, DDAH activity, and endothelial NOS (eNOS) and inducible NOS (iNOS) protein levels. Results: Fructose led to low arginine/ADMA ratios (AARs) (P < 0.008). Tissue NOx levels of the fructose + melatonin group were significantly higher than those of the fructose group (P < 0.008). ADMA and arginine were significantly higher in the fructose + melatonin group than the control group (P < 0.008). The DDAH activity of the fructose and fructose + melatonin groups was significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.008). eNOS protein levels showed no difference and iNOS protein was not detected in any of the groups. Conclusions: A diminished AAR indicates the toxicity of fructose in the kidneys. Melatonin has beneficial effects on the NO-ADMA pathway as it restores NOx levels and increases DDAH activity, possibly as a result of a compensatory mechanism to metabolize increased ADMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozge Tugce Pasaoglu
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Filiz Sezen Bircan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Turgut Topal
- Department of Physiology, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nurten Turkozkan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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Kim M, Do GY, Kim I. Activation of the renin-angiotensin system in high fructose-induced metabolic syndrome. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 24:319-328. [PMID: 32587126 PMCID: PMC7317175 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2020.24.4.319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
High fructose intake induces hyperglycemia and hypertension. However, the mechanism by which fructose induces metabolic syndrome is largely unknown. We hypothesized that high fructose intake induces activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), resulting in hypertension and metabolic syndrome. We provided 11-week-old Sprague–Dawley rats with drinking water, with or without 20% fructose, for two weeks. We measured serum renin, angiotensin II (Ang II), and aldosterone (Aldo) using ELISA kits. The expression of RAS genes was determined by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. High fructose intake increased body weight and water retention, regardless of food intake or urine volume. After two weeks, fructose intake induced glucose intolerance and hypertension. High fructose intake increased serum renin, Ang II, triglyceride, and cholesterol levels, but not Aldo levels. High fructose intake increased the expression of angiotensinogen in the liver; angiotensin-converting enzyme in the lungs; and renin, angiotensin II type 1a receptor (AT1aR), and angiotensin II type 1b receptor (AT1bR) in the kidneys. However, expression of AT1aR and AT1bR in the adrenal glands did not increase in rats given fructose. Taken together, these results indicate that high fructose intake induces activation of RAS, resulting in hypertension and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Ga Young Do
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Inkyeom Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
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46
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Dias DDS, Bernardes N, Stoyell-Conti FF, dos Santos CP, de Araujo AA, Llesuy S, Irigoyen MC, De Angelis K. Impact of combined exercise training on the development of cardiometabolic and neuroimmune complications induced by fructose consumption in hypertensive rats. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233785. [PMID: 32521542 PMCID: PMC7286703 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the impact of combined exercise training on the development of cardiovascular and neuroimmune complications induced by fructose consumption (10% in the drinking water) in hypertensive rats (SHR). After weaning, SHR were divided into 3 groups: SHR (H), SHR+fructose (HF) and SHR+fructose+combined exercise training (treadmill+ladder, 40-60% of maximum capacity) (HFTC). Metabolic, hemodynamic, autonomic, inflammatory and oxidative stress parameters were evaluated in the subgroups (n = 6 group/time) at 7, 15, 30 and 60 days of protocol. Fructose consumption (H vs. HF groups) decreased spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity and total variance of pulse interval at day 7 (7 to 60); increased IL-6 and TNFα in the heart (at day 15, 30 and 60) and NADPH oxidase activity and cardiac lipoperoxidation (LPO) (day 60); increased white adipose tissue weight, reduced insulin sensitivity and increased triglycerides (day 60); induced an additional increase in mean arterial pressure (MAP) (days 30 and 60). Combined exercise training prevented such dysfunctions and sustained increased cardiac IL-10 (day 7) and glutathione redox balance (GSH/GSSG) for the entire protocol. In conclusion, combined exercise training performed simultaneously with exacerbated fructose consumption prevented early cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction, probably trigging positive changes in inflammation and oxidative stress, resulting in a better cardiometabolic profile in rats genetically predisposed to hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle da Silva Dias
- Laboratory of Translational Physiology, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Bernardes
- Laboratory of Translational Physiology, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Camila Paixão dos Santos
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Susana Llesuy
- Laboratory of Translational Physiology, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto Universitario Hospital Italiano, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria Cláudia Irigoyen
- Hypertension Unit, Heart Institute (InCor), School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kátia De Angelis
- Laboratory of Translational Physiology, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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47
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Exclusively drinking sucrose or saline early in life alters adult drinking behavior by laboratory rats. Appetite 2020; 149:104616. [PMID: 32006660 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2020.104616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Proper fluid balance is critical for life. Learning plays an important role in shaping the appetitive behaviors required for drinking. Children often forego drinking plain water and instead consume beverages such as milk or juice. What effect this may have on adult thirst responses remains an open question. To model aspects of the human condition, we bred Sprague-Dawley rats and prevented the pups from obtaining fluid other than from nursing. Pups were weaned onto either tap water, 5% sucrose, or 0.45% saline, and given access to only that fluid for at least 7 weeks. We then measured intake of water or sucrose/saline in one-bottle tests after mild hypertonic saline (HS) injection, or overnight fluid deprivation, and in two-bottle tests after HS injection while rats were maintained on their respective fluids, and after all subjects had only water to drink for a week. We found that sucrose- and saline-maintained rats drank less water than did controls after the HS challenge. After overnight fluid deprivation, rats maintained on saline drank less water and more saline, but there was no difference in intake between water-maintained and sucrose-maintained rats. Differences in licking patterns, including more licks/burst for sucrose by sucrose-maintained rats were detected, even in cases when total intake was not different. These data provide evidence that adult rat water intake can be reduced by exclusively drinking sucrose or saline early in life.
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48
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Yang N, Hong NJ, Garvin JL. Dietary fructose enhances angiotensin II-stimulated Na + transport via activation of PKC-α in renal proximal tubules. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 318:F1513-F1519. [PMID: 32390510 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00543.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin II (ANG II) stimulates proximal nephron transport via activation of classical protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms. Acute fructose treatment stimulates PKC and dietary fructose enhances ANG II's ability to stimulate Na+ transport, but the mechanisms are unclear. We hypothesized that dietary fructose enhances ANG II's ability to stimulate renal proximal tubule Na+ reabsorption by augmenting PKC-α activation and increases in intracellular Ca2+. We measured total and isoform-specific PKC activity, basal and ANG II-stimulated oxygen consumption, a surrogate of Na+ reabsorption, and intracellular Ca2+ in proximal tubules from rats given either 20% fructose in their drinking water (fructose group) or tap water (control group). Total PKC activity was measured by ELISA. PKC-α, PKC-β, and PKC-γ activities were assessed by measuring particulate-to-soluble ratios. Intracelluar Ca2+ was measured using fura 2. ANG II stimulated total PKC activity by 53 ± 15% in the fructose group but not in the control group (-15 ± 11%, P < 0.002). ANG II stimulated PKC-α by 0.134 ± 0.026 but not in the control group (-0.002 ± 0.020, P < 0.002). ANG II increased PKC-γ activity by 0.008 ± 0.003 in the fructose group but not in the control group (P < 0.046). ANG II did not stimulate PKC-β in either group. ANG II increased Na+ transport by 454 ± 87 nmol·min-1·mg protein-1 in fructose group, and the PKC-α/β inhibitor Gö6976 blocked this increase (-96 ± 205 nmol·min-1·mg protein-1, P < 0.045). ANG II increased intracellular Ca2+ by 148 ± 53 nM in the fructose group but only by 43 ± 10 nM in the control group (P < 0.035). The intracellular Ca2+ chelator BAPTA blocked the ANG II-induced increase in Na+ transport in the fructose group. We concluded that dietary fructose enhances ANG II's ability to stimulate renal proximal tubule Na+ reabsorption by augmenting PKC-α activation via elevated increases in intacellular Ca2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nianxin Yang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.,Biochemistry, Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Nancy J Hong
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jeffrey L Garvin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
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Chapman CL, Grigoryan T, Vargas NT, Reed EL, Kueck PJ, Pietrafesa LD, Bloomfield AC, Johnson BD, Schlader ZJ. High-fructose corn syrup-sweetened soft drink consumption increases vascular resistance in the kidneys at rest and during sympathetic activation. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 318:F1053-F1065. [PMID: 32174139 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00374.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We first tested the hypothesis that consuming a high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS)-sweetened soft drink augments kidney vasoconstriction to sympathetic stimulation compared with water (study 1). In a second study, we examined the mechanisms underlying these observations (study 2). In study 1, 13 healthy adults completed a cold pressor test, a sympathoexcitatory maneuver, before (preconsumption) and 30 min after drinking 500 mL of decarbonated HFCS-sweetened soft drink or water (postconsumption). In study 2, venous blood samples were obtained in 12 healthy adults before and 30 min after consumption of 500 mL water or soft drinks matched for caffeine content and taste, which were either artificially sweetened (Diet trial), sucrose-sweetened (Sucrose trial), or sweetened with HFCS (HFCS trial). In both study 1 and study 2, vascular resistance was calculated as mean arterial pressure divided by blood velocity, which was measured via Doppler ultrasound in renal and segmental arteries. In study 1, HFCS consumption increased vascular resistance in the segmental artery at rest (by 0.5 ± 0.6 mmHg·cm-1·s-1, P = 0.01) and during the cold pressor test (average change: 0.5 ± 1.0 mmHg·cm-1·s-1, main effect: P = 0.05). In study 2, segmental artery vascular resistance increased in the HFCS trial (by 0.8 ± 0.7 mmHg·cm-1·s-1, P = 0.02) but not in the other trials. Increases in serum uric acid were greater in the HFCS trial (0.3 ± 0.4 mg/dL, P ≤ 0.04) compared with the Water and Diet trials, and serum copeptin increased in the HFCS trial (by 0.8 ± 1.0 pmol/L, P = 0.06). These findings indicate that HFCS acutely increases vascular resistance in the kidneys, independent of caffeine content and beverage osmolality, which likely occurs via simultaneous elevations in circulating uric acid and vasopressin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L Chapman
- Center for Research and Education in Special Environments, Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Tigran Grigoryan
- Center for Research and Education in Special Environments, Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Nicole T Vargas
- Center for Research and Education in Special Environments, Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Emma L Reed
- Center for Research and Education in Special Environments, Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Paul J Kueck
- Center for Research and Education in Special Environments, Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Leonard D Pietrafesa
- Center for Research and Education in Special Environments, Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Adam C Bloomfield
- Center for Research and Education in Special Environments, Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Blair D Johnson
- Center for Research and Education in Special Environments, Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Zachary J Schlader
- Center for Research and Education in Special Environments, Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York.,Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
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50
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18α-Glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) ameliorates fructose-induced nephropathy in mice by suppressing oxidative stress, dyslipidemia and inflammation. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 125:109702. [PMID: 32106383 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive fructose (FRU) intake can result in insulin resistance and metabolic disorder, which are related to renal injury.18α-Glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) is a bioactive component mainly extracted from Glycyrrhiza radix, and has anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. However, its effects on FRU-induced renal injury still remain unclear. In this study, we found that 18α-GA treatments could significantly ameliorate the cell viability in FRU-treated tubule epithelial cells, accompanied with improved mitochondrial membrane potential. Furthermore, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in FRU-stimulated cells was markedly reduced by 18α-GA, which were associated with the activation of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived-2)-like 2 (Nrf-2) and the blockage of MAPKs signaling. Additionally, dyslipidemia detected in FRU-treated cells was greatly inhibited by 18α-GA. We also found that 18α-GA significantly ameliorated FRU-induced inflammation in cells through reducing the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokine. The anti-inflammatory effects regulated by 18α-GA were mainly related to the repression of nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB) signaling. Furthermore, the protective effects of 18α-GA against ROS production, lipid accumulation and inflammation were verified in renal tissues from FRU-challenged mice, consequently improving metabolic disorder and kidney injury. Taken together, these findings demonstrated that 18α-GA exerted renal protective effects through reducing oxidative stress, lipid deposition and inflammatory response, and thus could be considered as a promising therapeutic strategy for metabolic stress-induced kidney injury.
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