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Asthana P, Wong HLX. Preventing obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes by targeting MT1-MMP. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167081. [PMID: 38367902 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is one of the predominant risk factors for type 2 diabetes. Despite all the modern advances in medicine, an effective drug treatment for obesity without overt side effects has not yet been found. The discovery of growth and differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), an appetite-regulating hormone, created hopes for the treatment of obesity. However, an insufficient understanding of the physiological regulation of GDF15 has been a major obstacle to mitigating GDF15-centric treatment of obesity. Our recent studies revealed how a series of proteolytic events predominantly mediated by membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP/MMP14), a key cell-surface metalloproteinase involved in extracellular remodeling, contribute to the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders, including obesity and diabetes. The MT1-MMP-mediated cleavage of the GDNF family receptor-α-like (GFRAL), a key neuronal receptor of GDF15, controls the satiety center in the hindbrain, thereby regulating non-homeostatic appetite and bodyweight changes. Furthermore, increased activation of MT1-MMP does not only lead to increased risk of obesity, but also causes age-associated insulin resistance by cleaving Insulin Receptor in major metabolic tissues. Importantly, inhibition of MT1-MMP effectively protects against obesity and diabetes, revealing the therapeutic potential of targeting MT1-MMP for the management of metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Asthana
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
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2
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Sharma K, Saini N, Hasija Y. Identifying the mitochondrial metabolism network by integration of machine learning and explainable artificial intelligence in skeletal muscle in type 2 diabetes. Mitochondrion 2024; 74:101821. [PMID: 38040172 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2023.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Imbalance in glucose metabolism and insulin resistance are two primary features of type 2 diabetes/diabetes mellitus. Its etiology is linked to mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle tissue. The mitochondria are vital organelles involved in ATP synthesis and metabolism. The underlying biological pathways leading to mitochondrial dysfunction in type 2 diabetes can help us understand the pathophysiology of the disease. In this study, the mitochondrial gene expression dataset were retrieved from the GSE22309, GSE25462, and GSE18732 using Mitocarta 3.0, focusing specifically on genes that are associated with mitochondrial function in type 2 disease. Feature selection on the expression dataset of skeletal muscle tissue from 107 control patients and 70 type 2 diabetes patients using the XGBoost algorithm having the highest accuracy. For interpretation and analysis of results linked to the disease by examining the feature importance deduced from the model was done using SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations). Next, to comprehend the biological connections, study of protein-protien and mRNA-miRNA networks was conducted using String and Mienturnet respectively. The analysis revealed BDH1, YARS2, AKAP10, RARS2, MRPS31, were potential mitochondrial target genes among the other twenty genes. These genes are mainly involved in the transport and organization of mitochondria, regulation of its membrane potential, and intrinsic apoptotic signaling etc. mRNA-miRNA interaction network revealed a significant role of miR-375; miR-30a-5p; miR-16-5p; miR-129-5p; miR-1229-3p; and miR-1224-3p; in the regulation of mitochondrial function exhibited strong associations with type 2 diabetes. These results might aid in the creation of novel targets for therapy and type 2 diabetes biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kritika Sharma
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, New Delhi 110007, India; Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi 110042, India
| | - Neeru Saini
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, New Delhi 110007, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Yasha Hasija
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi 110042, India.
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3
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Nejat S, Menikdiwela KR, Efotte A, Scoggin S, Vandanmagsar B, Thornalley PJ, Dehbi M, Moustaid-Moussa N. Genetic Deletion of DNAJB3 Using CRISPR-Cas9, Produced Discordant Phenotypes. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1857. [PMID: 37895206 PMCID: PMC10606339 DOI: 10.3390/genes14101857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Several pathways and/or genes have been shown to be dysregulated in obesity-induced insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). We previously showed, for the first time, impaired expression of DNAJB3 mRNA and protein in subjects with obesity, which was concomitant with increased metabolic stress. Restoring the normal expression of DNAJB3 attenuated metabolic stress and improved insulin signaling both in vivo and in vitro, suggesting a protective role of DNAJB3 against obesity and T2D. The precise underlying mechanisms remained, however, unclear. This study was designed to confirm the human studies in a mouse model of dietary obesity-induced insulin resistance, and, if validated, to understand the underlying mechanisms. We hypothesized that mice lacking DNAJB3 would be more prone to high-fat (HF)-diet-induced increase in body weight and body fat, inflammation, glucose intolerance and insulin resistance as compared with wild-type (WT) littermates. Three DNAJB3 knockout (KO) lines were generated (KO 30, 44 and 47), using CRISPR-Cas9. Male and female KO and WT mice were fed a HF diet (45% kcal fat) for 16 weeks. Body weight was measured biweekly, and a glucose tolerance test (GTT) and insulin tolerance test (ITT) were conducted at week 13 and 14, respectively. Body composition was determined monthly by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Following euthanasia, white adipose tissue (WAT) and skeletal muscle were harvested for further analyses. Compared with WT mice, male and female KO 47 mice demonstrated higher body weight and fat mass. Similarly, KO 47 mice also showed a slower rate of glucose clearance in GTT that was consistent with decreased mRNA expression of the GLUT4 gene in WAT but not in the muscle. Both male and female KO 47 mice exhibited higher mRNA levels of the pro-inflammatory marker TNF-a in WAT only, whereas increased mRNA levels of MCP1 chemokine and the ER stress marker BiP/Grp78 were observed in male but not in female KO 47 mice. However, we did not observe the same changes in the other KO lines. Taken together, the phenotype of the DNAJB3 KO 47 mice was consistent with the metabolic changes and low levels of DNAJB3 reported in human subjects. These findings suggest that DNAJB3 may play an important role in metabolic functions and glucose homeostasis, which warrants further phenotyping and intervention studies in other KO 47 and other KO mice, as well as investigating this protein as a potential therapeutic target for obesity and T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadi Nejat
- Department of Nutritional Sciences & Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (S.N.); (K.R.M.); (A.E.); (S.S.)
| | - Kalhara R. Menikdiwela
- Department of Nutritional Sciences & Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (S.N.); (K.R.M.); (A.E.); (S.S.)
| | - Aliyah Efotte
- Department of Nutritional Sciences & Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (S.N.); (K.R.M.); (A.E.); (S.S.)
| | - Shane Scoggin
- Department of Nutritional Sciences & Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (S.N.); (K.R.M.); (A.E.); (S.S.)
| | | | - Paul J. Thornalley
- Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar; (P.J.T.); (M.D.)
| | - Mohammed Dehbi
- Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar; (P.J.T.); (M.D.)
| | - Naima Moustaid-Moussa
- Department of Nutritional Sciences & Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (S.N.); (K.R.M.); (A.E.); (S.S.)
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Zhao J, Feng Y, Rao Z, Li H, Xu J, Cui S, Lai L. Exercise combined with heat treatment improves insulin resistance in diet-induced obese rats. J Therm Biol 2023; 116:103651. [PMID: 37459707 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Insulin resistance is a risk factor for various cardiovascular diseases, which seriously threaten human health. Thus, finding a safe, effective and economical strategy to treat insulin resistance is urgently needed. This study aimed to investigate the effects of exercise combined with heat treatment on the insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle of diet-induced obese (DIO) rats. Obese rats were induced by a 10-week high-fat diet and were randomly divided into normal temperature + control (NC), normal temperature + exercise (NE), heat treatment + control (HC) and heat treatment + exercise (HE) groups for 7 weeks of incremental load endurance exercise and heat treatment (exposure to a high-temperature environment room). At the end of the 7-week intervention, we measured fasting blood glucose, serum fasting insulin, serum leptin, serum adiponectin, protein expression of HSF1/HSP27 and JAK2/STAT3 pathway in soleus (primarily composed of slow-twitch fibres) and extensor digitorum longus (primarily composed of fast-twitch fibres) muscles. The results showed that exercise combined with heat treatment can effectively improve insulin resistance by regulating HSF1/HSP27 and JAK2/STAT3 pathways in the slow-twitch muscle of DIO rats. Importantly, exercise combined with heat treatment is more effective in improving insulin resistance in DIO rats than exercise or heat treatment alone. Low-moderate intensity exercise that stimulates slow-twitch muscle, combined with heat treatment is an effective strategy to treat insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiexiu Zhao
- Exercise Biological Center, China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China.
| | - Yiwei Feng
- Exercise Biological Center, China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China
| | - Zhijian Rao
- Exercise Biological Center, China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China; Physical Education College, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Han Li
- Exercise Biological Center, China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China
| | - Jincheng Xu
- Exercise Biological Center, China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China; Winter Sports Management Center of the General Administration of Sport of China, Beijing, China
| | - Shuqiang Cui
- Exercise Biological Center, China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China; Beijing Institute of Sports Science, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Lai
- Exercise Biological Center, China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China; Nanchang Normal University, Jiangxi, China
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Kuppuswami J, Senthilkumar GP. Nutri-stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and insulin resistance-role of heat shock proteins. Cell Stress Chaperones 2023; 28:35-48. [PMID: 36441381 PMCID: PMC9877269 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-022-01314-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Excess nutrient flux into the cellular energy system results in a scenario of cellular metabolic stress in diseases involving insulin resistance, such as type 2 diabetes, referred to as nutri-stress and results in cellular bioenergetic imbalance, which leads to insulin resistance and disease. Under nutri-stress, the heat shock response system is compromised due to metabolic abnormalities that disturb energy homeostasis. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are the chief protectors of intracellular homeostasis during stress. Heat shock response (HSR) impairment contributes to several metabolic pathways that aggravate chronic hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance, highlighting a central role in disease pathogenesis. This article discusses the role of nutri-stress-related molecular events in causing insulin resistance and the nature of the roles played by heat shock proteins in some of the crucial checkpoints of the molecular networks involved in insulin resistance. Ample evidence suggests that the heat shock machinery regulates critical pathways in mitochondrial function and energy metabolism and that cellular energy status highly influences it. Weakening of HSPs, therefore, leads to loss of their vital cytoprotective functions, propagating nutri-stress in the system. Further research into the mechanistic roles of HSPs in metabolic homeostasis will help widen our understanding of lifestyle diseases, their onset, and complications. These inducible proteins may be crucial to attenuating lifestyle risk factors and disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayashree Kuppuswami
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Institute of Post-Graduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, 605006 India
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Modulation of Hepatic Insulin and Glucagon Signaling by Nutritional Factors in Broiler Chicken. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9030103. [PMID: 35324832 PMCID: PMC8955576 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9030103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Influencing the endocrine metabolic regulation of chickens by nutritional factors might provide novel possibilities for improving animal health and productivity. This study was designed to evaluate the impact of dietary cereal type (wheat-based (WB) vs. maize-based (MB) diets), crude protein level (normal (NP) vs. lowered (LP)), and sodium (n-)butyrate (1.5 g/kg diet) supplementation (vs. no butyrate) on the responsiveness of hepatic glucagon receptor (GCGR), insulin receptor beta (IRβ) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in the phase of intensive growth of chickens. Liver samples of Ross 308 broiler chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) were collected on day 21 for quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analyses. Hepatic GCGR and mTOR gene expressions were up-regulated by WB and LP diet. GCGR and IRβ protein level decreased in groups with butyrate supplementation; however, the quantity of IRβ and mTOR protein increased in WB groups. Based on these data, the applied dietary strategies may be useful tools to modulate hepatic insulin and glucagon signaling of chickens in the period of intensive growth. The obtained results might contribute to the better understanding of glycemic control of birds and increase the opportunity of ameliorating insulin sensitivity, hence, improving the production parameters and the welfare of broilers.
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Staunton CA, Owen ED, Hemmings K, Vasilaki A, McArdle A, Barrett-Jolley R, Jackson MJ. Skeletal muscle transcriptomics identifies common pathways in nerve crush injury and ageing. Skelet Muscle 2022; 12:3. [PMID: 35093178 PMCID: PMC8800362 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-021-00283-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Motor unit remodelling involving repeated denervation and re-innervation occurs throughout life. The efficiency of this process declines with age contributing to neuromuscular deficits. This study investigated differentially expressed genes (DEG) in muscle following peroneal nerve crush to model motor unit remodelling in C57BL/6 J mice. Muscle RNA was isolated at 3 days post-crush, RNA libraries were generated using poly-A selection, sequenced and analysed using gene ontology and pathway tools. Three hundred thirty-four DEG were found in quiescent muscle from (26mnth) old compared with (4-6mnth) adult mice and these same DEG were present in muscle from adult mice following nerve crush. Peroneal crush induced 7133 DEG in muscles of adult and 699 DEG in muscles from old mice, although only one DEG (ZCCHC17) was found when directly comparing nerve-crushed muscles from old and adult mice. This analysis revealed key differences in muscle responses which may underlie the diminished ability of old mice to repair following nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Staunton
- MRC- Versus Arthritis Research Centre for Integrated research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK
| | - E D Owen
- MRC- Versus Arthritis Research Centre for Integrated research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK
| | - K Hemmings
- MRC- Versus Arthritis Research Centre for Integrated research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK
| | - A Vasilaki
- MRC- Versus Arthritis Research Centre for Integrated research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK
| | - A McArdle
- MRC- Versus Arthritis Research Centre for Integrated research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK
| | - R Barrett-Jolley
- MRC- Versus Arthritis Research Centre for Integrated research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK
| | - M J Jackson
- MRC- Versus Arthritis Research Centre for Integrated research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK.
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Diane A, Abunada H, Khattab N, Moin ASM, Butler AE, Dehbi M. Role of the DNAJ/HSP40 family in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 67:101313. [PMID: 33676026 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) underpins a wide range of metabolic disorders including type 2 diabetes (T2D), metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases. IR is characterized by a marked reduction in the magnitude and/or delayed onset of insulin to stimulate glucose disposal. This condition is due to defects in one or several intracellular intermediates of the insulin signaling cascade, ranging from insulin receptor substrate (IRS) inactivation to reduced glucose phosphorylation and oxidation. Genetic predisposition, as well as other precipitating factors such as aging, obesity, and sedentary lifestyles are among the risk factors underlying the pathogenesis of IR and its subsequent progression to T2D. One of the cardinal hallmarks of T2D is the impairment of the heat shock response (HSR). Human and animal studies provided compelling evidence of reduced expression of several components of the HSR (i.e. Heat shock proteins or HSPs) in diabetic samples in a manner that correlates with the degree of IR. Interventions that induce the HSR, irrespective of the means to achieve it, proved their effectiveness in enhancing insulin sensitivity and improving glycemic index. However, most of these studies have been focused on HSP70 family. In this review, we will focus on the novel role of DNAJ/HSP40 cochaperone family in metabolic diseases associated with IR.
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Kukreti H, Amuthavalli K. MicroRNA-34a causes ceramide accumulation and effects insulin signaling pathway by targeting ceramide kinase (CERK) in aging skeletal muscle. J Cell Biochem 2020; 121:3070-3089. [PMID: 32056304 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Aging skeletal muscle shows perturbations in metabolic functions. MicroRNAs have been shown to play a critical role in aging and metabolic functions of skeletal muscle. MicroRNA-34a (miR-34a) is implicated in the brain and cardiac aging, however, its role in aging muscle is unclear. We analyzed levels of miR-34a, ceramide kinase (CERK) and other insulin signaling molecules in skeletal muscle from old mice. In addition to in vivo model, levels of these molecules were also analyzed in myoblast derived from insulin resistant (IR) humans and C2C12 myoblasts overexpressing mir-34a. Our results show that miR-34a is elevated in the muscles of 2-year-old mice and in the myoblasts of IR humans. Overexpression of miR-34a in C2C12 myoblasts leads to alterations in the insulin signaling pathway, which were rescued by its antagonism. Our analyses revealed that miR-34a targets CERK resulting in ceramide accumulation, activation of PP2A and the pJNK pathway in muscle and C2C12 myoblasts. Also, myostatin (Mstn) levels were increased in 2-year-old mouse muscle and Mstn treatment upregulated miR-34a in C2C12 myoblasts. In addition, miR-34a expression and ceramide levels did not increase during aging in Mstn-/- mice muscle. In summary, we, therefore, propose that Mstn levels increase in aging muscle and upregulate miR-34a, which inhibits CERK resulting in increased ceramide levels. This ceramide accumulation activates PP2A and pJNK causing hypophosphorylation of AKT and hyperphosphorylation of IRS1 (Ser307), respectively, impairing insulin signaling pathway and eventually inhibiting the sarcolemma localization of GLUT4. These changes would result in reduced glucose uptake and insulin resistance. This study is the first to explain the phenomenon of ceramide accrual and impairment of insulin signaling pathway in aging muscle through a miR-34a based mechanism. In conclusion, our results suggest that Mstn and miR-34a antagonism can help ameliorate ceramide accumulation and loss of insulin sensitivity in aging skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himani Kukreti
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (YLLSoM), National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kottaiswamy Amuthavalli
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (YLLSoM), National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Consitt LA, Dudley C, Saxena G. Impact of Endurance and Resistance Training on Skeletal Muscle Glucose Metabolism in Older Adults. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11112636. [PMID: 31684154 PMCID: PMC6893763 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with insulin resistance and the development of type 2 diabetes. While this process is multifaceted, age-related changes to skeletal muscle are expected to contribute to impaired glucose metabolism. Some of these changes include sarcopenia, impaired insulin signaling, and imbalances in glucose utilization. Endurance and resistance exercise training have been endorsed as interventions to improve glucose tolerance and whole-body insulin sensitivity in the elderly. While both types of exercise generally increase insulin sensitivity in older adults, the metabolic pathways through which this occurs can differ and can be dependent on preexisting conditions including obesity and type 2 diabetes. In this review, we will first highlight age-related changes to skeletal muscle which can contribute to insulin resistance, followed by a comparison of endurance and resistance training adaptations to insulin-stimulated glucose metabolism in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie A Consitt
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.
- Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.
| | - Courtney Dudley
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.
| | - Gunjan Saxena
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.
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Carra S, Alberti S, Benesch JLP, Boelens W, Buchner J, Carver JA, Cecconi C, Ecroyd H, Gusev N, Hightower LE, Klevit RE, Lee HO, Liberek K, Lockwood B, Poletti A, Timmerman V, Toth ME, Vierling E, Wu T, Tanguay RM. Small heat shock proteins: multifaceted proteins with important implications for life. Cell Stress Chaperones 2019; 24:295-308. [PMID: 30758704 PMCID: PMC6439001 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-019-00979-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Small Heat Shock Proteins (sHSPs) evolved early in the history of life; they are present in archaea, bacteria, and eukaryota. sHSPs belong to the superfamily of molecular chaperones: they are components of the cellular protein quality control machinery and are thought to act as the first line of defense against conditions that endanger the cellular proteome. In plants, sHSPs protect cells against abiotic stresses, providing innovative targets for sustainable agricultural production. In humans, sHSPs (also known as HSPBs) are associated with the development of several neurological diseases. Thus, manipulation of sHSP expression may represent an attractive therapeutic strategy for disease treatment. Experimental evidence demonstrates that enhancing the chaperone function of sHSPs protects against age-related protein conformation diseases, which are characterized by protein aggregation. Moreover, sHSPs can promote longevity and healthy aging in vivo. In addition, sHSPs have been implicated in the prognosis of several types of cancer. Here, sHSP upregulation, by enhancing cellular health, could promote cancer development; on the other hand, their downregulation, by sensitizing cells to external stressors and chemotherapeutics, may have beneficial outcomes. The complexity and diversity of sHSP function and properties and the need to identify their specific clients, as well as their implication in human disease, have been discussed by many of the world's experts in the sHSP field during a dedicated workshop in Québec City, Canada, on 26-29 August 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Carra
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, and Centre for Neuroscience and Nanotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via G. Campi 287, 41125, Modena, Italy.
| | - Simon Alberti
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC), Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47/49, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Justin L P Benesch
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Wilbert Boelens
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Institute of Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, NL-6500, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes Buchner
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM) and Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, D-85748, Garching, Germany
| | - John A Carver
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Ciro Cecconi
- Department of Physics, Informatics and Mathematics, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125, Modena, Italy
- Center S3, CNR Institute Nanoscience, Via Campi 213/A, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Heath Ecroyd
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Nikolai Gusev
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation, 117234
| | - Lawrence E Hightower
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, 91 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT, 06269-3125, USA
| | - Rachel E Klevit
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Hyun O Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Krzysztof Liberek
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology UG-MUG, University of Gdansk, Abrahama 58, 80-307, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Brent Lockwood
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Angelo Poletti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Centro di Eccellenza sulle Malattie Neurodegenerative, Univrsità degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Vincent Timmerman
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Melinda E Toth
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Elizabeth Vierling
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Tangchun Wu
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Tongji School of Public Health, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Robert M Tanguay
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Genetics, IBIS, and Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Medical School, Université Laval, QC, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada.
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Archer AE, Rogers RS, Von Schulze AT, Wheatley JL, Morris EM, McCoin CS, Thyfault JP, Geiger PC. Heat shock protein 72 regulates hepatic lipid accumulation. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2018; 315:R696-R707. [PMID: 29924632 PMCID: PMC6230886 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00073.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Induction of the chaperone heat shock protein 72 (HSP72) through heat treatment (HT), exercise, or overexpression improves glucose tolerance and mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle. Less is known about HSP72 function in the liver where lipid accumulation can result in insulin resistance and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The purpose of this study was 1) to determine whether weekly in vivo HT induces hepatic HSP72 and improves glucose tolerance in rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and 2) to determine the ability of HSP72 to protect against lipid accumulation and mitochondrial dysfunction in primary hepatocytes. Male Wistar rats were fed an HFD for 15 wk and were given weekly HT (41°C, 20 min) or sham treatments (37°C, 20 min) for the final 7 wk. Glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity were assessed, along with HSP72 induction and triglyceride storage, in the skeletal muscle and liver. The effect of an acute loss of HSP72 in primary hepatocytes was examined via siRNA. Weekly in vivo HT improved glucose tolerance, elevated muscle and hepatic HSP72 protein content, and reduced muscle triglyceride storage. In primary hepatocytes, mitochondrial morphology was changed, and fatty acid oxidation was reduced in small interfering HSP72 (siHSP72)-treated hepatocytes. Lipid accumulation following palmitate treatment was increased in siHSP72-treated hepatocytes. These data suggest that HT may improve systemic metabolism via induction of hepatic HSP72. Additionally, acute loss of HSP72 in primary hepatocytes impacts mitochondrial health as well as fat oxidation and storage. These findings suggest therapies targeting HSP72 in the liver may prevent NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley E Archer
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Robert S Rogers
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Alex T Von Schulze
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Joshua L Wheatley
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, Kansas
| | - E Matthew Morris
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, Kansas
- Research Service, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Colin S McCoin
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, Kansas
- Research Service, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Kansas City, Missouri
| | - John P Thyfault
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, Kansas
- Research Service, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Paige C Geiger
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, Kansas
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13
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Petrilla J, Mátis G, Kulcsár A, Talapka P, Bíró E, Mackei M, Fébel H, Neogrády Z. Effect of dietary cereal type, crude protein and butyrate supplementation on metabolic parameters of broilers. Acta Vet Hung 2018; 66:408-452. [PMID: 30264622 DOI: 10.1556/004.2018.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the metabolic effects of maize- or wheat-based diets with normal (NP) and lowered (LP) dietary crude protein level [the latter supplemented with limiting amino acids and sodium (n-)butyrate at 1.5 g/kg diet] at different phases of broiler fattening. Blood samples of Ross 308 broilers were tested at the age of 1, 3 and 6 weeks. Total protein (TP) concentration increased in wheat-based and decreased in LP groups in week 3, while butyrate reduced albumin/TP ratio in week 1. Uric acid level was elevated by wheat-based diet in week 1 and by wheat-based diet and butyrate in week 3, but decreased in LP groups in weeks 3 and 6. Aspartate aminotransferase activity was increased by wheat-based diet in week 3, and creatine kinase activity was intensified by LP in weeks 3 and 6. Blood glucose level decreased in wheat-based groups in week 3; however, triglyceride concentration was augmented in the same groups in week 3. No change of glucagon-like peptide 1, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and insulin concentration was observed. In conclusion, an age-dependent responsiveness of broilers to dietary factors was found, dietary cereal type was a potent modulator of metabolism, and a low crude protein diet supplemented with limiting amino acids might have a beneficial impact on the growth of chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janka Petrilla
- 1 Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, István u. 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Mátis
- 1 Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, István u. 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Kulcsár
- 1 Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, István u. 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Petra Talapka
- 1 Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, István u. 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Enikő Bíró
- 1 Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, István u. 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Máté Mackei
- 1 Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, István u. 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Hedvig Fébel
- 2 Research Institute for Animal Breeding, Nutrition and Meat Science, National Agricultural Research Centre, Herceghalom, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Neogrády
- 1 Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, István u. 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
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14
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Comparative Proteome Analysis Reveals Lipid Metabolism-Related Protein Networks in Response to Rump Fat Mobilization. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092556. [PMID: 30154394 PMCID: PMC6164786 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Altay is a typical fat-tailed sheep breed displaying the unique ability to rapidly mobilize fat, which is vital for maintaining a normal metabolism that facilitates its survival in lengthy winter conditions. However, the physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms underlying fat mobilization remain to be elucidated. In this study, the monitoring of rump fat adipocyte sizes disclosed a positive correlation between cell size and fat deposition ability. In addition, we subjected sheep to persistent starvation to imitate the conditions that trigger rump fat mobilization and screened 112 differentially expressed proteins using the isobaric peptide labeling approach. Notably, increased secretion of leptin and adiponectin activated the key fat mobilization signaling pathways under persistent starvation conditions. Furthermore, the upregulation of resistin (RETN), heat-shock protein 72 (HSP72), and complement factor D (CFD) promoted lipolysis, whereas the downregulation of cell death-inducing DFFA-like effector C (CIDEC) inhibited lipid droplet fusion, and the increase in HSP72 and apolipoprotein AI (Apo-AI) levels activated the body’s stress mechanisms. The synergistic actions of the above hormones, genes, and signaling pathways form a molecular network that functions in improving the adaptability of Altay sheep to extreme environments. Our findings provide a reference for elucidating the complex molecular mechanisms underlying rump fat mobilization.
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Consitt LA, Saxena G, Slyvka Y, Clark BC, Friedlander M, Zhang Y, Nowak FV. Paternal high-fat diet enhances offspring whole-body insulin sensitivity and skeletal muscle insulin signaling early in life. Physiol Rep 2018; 6:e13583. [PMID: 29484855 PMCID: PMC5827533 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that paternal diet can predispose offspring to metabolic dysfunction. Despite this knowledge, little is known regarding the effects of paternal high-fat feeding on offspring insulin sensitivity. The purpose of this study was to investigate for the first time the effects of paternal high-fat feeding on whole-body and skeletal muscle insulin action in young and adult offspring. At 4 weeks of age, founder C57BL6/N males (F0) were fed a high-fat diet or control diet for 12 weeks and then bred with females on a control diet. Offspring (F1) were euthanized at 6 weeks, 6 months, or 12 months and insulin-stimulated insulin signaling was measured ex vivo in isolated soleus muscle. At 6 weeks of age, paternal high fat offspring (HFO) had enhanced whole-body insulin sensitivity (35%, P < 0.05), as well as, increased insulin-stimulated skeletal muscle phosphorylation of Akt threonine 308 (70%, P < 0.05) and AS160 threonine 642 (80%, P < 0.05) compared to paternal control fed offspring (CFO), despite both offspring groups consuming standard chow. At 6 months of age, HFO had increased percent body fat compared to CFO (74%, P < 0.005) and whole-body and skeletal muscle insulin signaling normalized to CFO. Body fat was inversely related with insulin signaling in HFO, but not CFO. These findings suggest that paternal high-fat feeding contributes to enhanced whole-body and skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity in HFO early in life; however, these benefits are lost by early adulthood, potentially due to premature increases in body fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie A. Consitt
- Department of Biomedical SciencesHeritage College of Osteopathic MedicineOhio UniversityAthensOhioUSA
- Diabetes InstituteOhio UniversityAthensOhioUSA
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological InstituteOhio UniversityAthensOhioUSA
| | - Gunjan Saxena
- Department of Biomedical SciencesHeritage College of Osteopathic MedicineOhio UniversityAthensOhioUSA
| | - Yuriy Slyvka
- Department of Biomedical SciencesHeritage College of Osteopathic MedicineOhio UniversityAthensOhioUSA
- Diabetes InstituteOhio UniversityAthensOhioUSA
| | - Brian C. Clark
- Department of Biomedical SciencesHeritage College of Osteopathic MedicineOhio UniversityAthensOhioUSA
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological InstituteOhio UniversityAthensOhioUSA
| | - Max Friedlander
- Department of Biomedical SciencesHeritage College of Osteopathic MedicineOhio UniversityAthensOhioUSA
| | - Yizhu Zhang
- Department of Biomedical SciencesHeritage College of Osteopathic MedicineOhio UniversityAthensOhioUSA
| | - Felicia V. Nowak
- Department of Biomedical SciencesHeritage College of Osteopathic MedicineOhio UniversityAthensOhioUSA
- Diabetes InstituteOhio UniversityAthensOhioUSA
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16
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Avenatti R, McKeever K, Horohov D, Malinowski K. Effects of age and exercise on inflammatory cytokines, HSP70 and HSP90 gene expression and protein content in Standardbred horses. COMPARATIVE EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.3920/cep170020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesised that the cortisol response to acute exercise, markers of oxidative stress, expression of inflammatory cytokines, heat shock protein (HSP)70 and HSP90 expression in whole blood and skeletal muscle, and HSP70 and HSP90 protein concentrations in skeletal muscle are altered by age and in response to acute submaximal exercise in horses. Young (n=6; 5.5±2.8 year) and aged (n=6; 22.6±2.25 year) unconditioned Standardbred mares underwent an acute submaximal exercise test. Blood samples were collected and analysed for plasma cortisol and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations, and for cytokine and HSP gene expression pre- and post-exercise. Gluteus medius biopsies were obtained for analysis of cytokine and HSP gene expression pre- and at 0, 4, 24 and 48 h post-exercise. Data were analysed for main effects using a two-way ANOVA for repeated measures. Post-hoc comparisons of means were conducted using Student-Neuman-Keuls for pair-wise multiple comparisons where appropriate. Acute submaximal exercise increased plasma cortisol concentration in both young and aged mares, and the duration of the post-exercise rise in cortisol was altered in aged horses. Plasma MDA concentration and expression of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-6 were unchanged in blood and muscle. Exercise increased IL-1β expression in whole blood of young and aged mares, with young mares having greater exercise-induced expression at 2 (P<0.001) and 4 (P=0.019) h post-exercise. Both young and aged horses had increased HSP70 expression in whole blood following acute exercise, with young horses exhibiting 3-fold greater HSP70 expression than aged mares at 2 h post-exercise. HSP90 expression in whole blood following exercise was increased only in young horses. Both young and aged horses had increased HSP90 expression in skeletal muscle following exercise, but there was no difference due to age. However, the timing of HSP70 expression was different between young and aged horses. The age-related changes in cortisol and IL-1β expression following acute submaximal exercise can have implications for energy homeostasis and the adaption to such disturbances at a cellular and whole animal level. Quantification of HSP expression in whole blood may be a useful biomarker, with implications for cellular adaptation and survival in aged horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- R.C. Avenatti
- Department of Animal Science, Equine Science Center, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Kindred Biosciences, 1555 Old Bayshore Hwy #200, Burlingame, CA 94010, USA
| | - K.H. McKeever
- Department of Animal Science, Equine Science Center, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - D.W. Horohov
- Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| | - K. Malinowski
- Department of Animal Science, Equine Science Center, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
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17
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Liu HW, Chan YC, Wei CC, Chen YA, Wang MF, Chang SJ. An alternative model for studying age-associated metabolic complications: Senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8. Exp Gerontol 2017; 99:61-68. [PMID: 28843510 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Rodent animal models take at least 18months to develop aging phenotypes for researchers to investigate the mechanism of age-related metabolic complications. Senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) shortens the process of aging and may facilitate an alternative model for studying age-related insulin resistance. The short-lived strain SAMP8 and two long-lived strains SAM resistant 1 (SAMR1) mice and C57BL/6 mice at 12 (young) and 40weeks old (old) were used in the present study. Glucose tolerance test, histology and signaling pathways involved in lipid metabolism in adipose tissue and liver and key components of insulin signaling pathway in the skeletal muscle were determined in these three strains. We found that short-lived SAMP8 mice developed symptoms of insulin resistance including hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and impaired glucose tolerance in association with adipocyte hypertrophy and ectopic lipid accumulation in liver and muscle at 40-wk.-old. Significantly increased serum IL-6, leptin, and resistin levels and adipogenic transcription factor PPARγ and macrophage marker F4/80 mRNA expression in adipose tissues were observed in old SAMP8 mice, compared with that in young SAMP8 mice. Marked increases in SREBP1 and PPARγ and a decrease in PPARα at mRNA level in accordance with activation of mTOR/Akt pathway were contributed to hepatic lipid accumulation in old SAMP8 mice. Down-regulation of insulin signaling pathway including IRβ, IRS1, and AS160 at protein level in skeletal muscle was observed in old SAMP8 mice. At 40-wk.-old, both long-lived SAMR1 and C57BL/6 mice have not been fully developed age-related metabolic disorders including insulin resistance and visceral fat expansion in line with fewer defects in lipid metabolism and skeletal muscle insulin signaling pathway. In conclusion, our data suggest the suitability of the SAMP8 mice as a model for studying age-related metabolic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Wen Liu
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Physical education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Ching Chan
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Chun Wei
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yun-An Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Fu Wang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sue-Joan Chang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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18
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Faulkner SH, Jackson S, Fatania G, Leicht CA. The effect of passive heating on heat shock protein 70 and interleukin-6: A possible treatment tool for metabolic diseases? Temperature (Austin) 2017; 4:292-304. [PMID: 28944271 DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2017.1288688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing physical activity remains the most widely publicized way of improving health and wellbeing. However, in populations that benefit most from exercise (EX), adherence is often poor and alternatives to EX are important to bring about health improvements. Recent work suggests a role for passive heating (PH) and heat shock proteins (HSP) in improving cardio-metabolic health. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of HSP70 and interleukin-6 in response to either EX or PH and the subsequent effect on glucose control. Fourteen males volunteered and were categorized lean (BMI 23.5 ± 2.2 kg·m-2) or overweight (29.2 ± 2.7 kg·m-2) and completed 60 minutes of either moderate cycling at a fixed rate of metabolic heat production (EX) or warm water immersion in 40°C water (PH). Extracellular HSP70 increased from baseline in both conditions with no differences between PH (0.98 ± 1.1 ng·mL-1) or EX (0.84 ± 1.0 ng·mL-1, p = 0.814). IL-6 increased following both conditions with a two-fold increase after PH and four-fold after EX. Energy expenditure increased by 61.0 ± 14.4 kcal·h-1 (79%) after PH. Peak glucose concentration after a meal immediately following PH was reduced when compared with EX (6.3 ± 1.4 mmol·L-1 versus 6.8 ± 1.2 mmol·L-1; p < 0.05). There was no difference in 24-hour glucose area under the curve (AUC) between conditions. These data indicate the potential for thermal therapy as an alternative treatment and management strategy for those at risk of developing metabolic disease where adherence, or ability to EX, may be compromised.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Faulkner
- National Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - S Jackson
- National Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - G Fatania
- National Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - C A Leicht
- National Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
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Rogers RS, Morris EM, Wheatley JL, Archer AE, McCoin CS, White KS, Wilson DR, Meers GME, Koch LG, Britton SL, Thyfault JP, Geiger PC. Deficiency in the Heat Stress Response Could Underlie Susceptibility to Metabolic Disease. Diabetes 2016; 65:3341-3351. [PMID: 27554472 PMCID: PMC5079638 DOI: 10.2337/db16-0292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Heat treatment (HT) effectively prevents insulin resistance and glucose intolerance in rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD). The positive metabolic actions of heat shock protein 72 (HSP72), which include increased oxidative capacity and enhanced mitochondrial function, underlie the protective effects of HT. The purpose of this study was to test the ability of HSP72 induction to mitigate the effects of consumption of a short-term 3-day HFD in rats selectively bred to be low-capacity runners (LCRs) and high-capacity runners (HCRs)-selective breeding that results in disparate differences in intrinsic aerobic capacity. HCR and LCR rats were fed a chow or HFD for 3 days and received a single in vivo HT (41°C, for 20 min) or sham treatment (ST). Blood, skeletal muscles, liver, and adipose tissues were harvested 24 h after HT/ST. HT decreased blood glucose levels, adipocyte size, and triglyceride accumulation in liver and muscle and restored insulin sensitivity in glycolytic muscles from LCR rats. As expected, HCR rats were protected from the HFD. Importantly, HSP72 induction was decreased in LCR rats after only 3 days of eating the HFD. Deficiency in the highly conserved stress response mediated by HSPs could underlie susceptibility to metabolic disease with low aerobic capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Rogers
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - E Matthew Morris
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Joshua L Wheatley
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Ashley E Archer
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Colin S McCoin
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Kathleen S White
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - David R Wilson
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Grace M E Meers
- Department of Medicine-Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Lauren G Koch
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Steven L Britton
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - John P Thyfault
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
- Research Service, Kansas City VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO
| | - Paige C Geiger
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
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20
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Sokoloff AJ, Douglas M, Rahnert JA, Burkholder T, Easley KA, Luo Q. Absence of morphological and molecular correlates of sarcopenia in the macaque tongue muscle styloglossus. Exp Gerontol 2016; 84:40-48. [PMID: 27566374 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Equivocal decline of tongue muscle performance with age is compatible with resistance of the tongue to sarcopenia, the loss of muscle volume and function that typically occurs with aging. To test this possibility we characterized anatomical and molecular indices of sarcopenia in the macaque tongue muscle styloglossus (SG). METHODS We quantified myosin heavy chain (MHC), muscle fiber MHC phenotype and size and total and phosphorylated growth- and atrophy-related proteins by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), immunoblot and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in the SG in twenty-four macaque monkeys (Macaca rhesus, age range 9months to 31years) categorized into Young (<8years of age), Middle-aged (15-21years of age) and Old (>22years of age) groups. RESULTS In Young, Middle and Old age groups, by SDS-PAGE MHCI comprised ~1/3 and MHCII ~2/3 of total MHC. MHCI relative frequency was lower and MHCII higher in Middle versus Young (p=0.0099) and Middle versus Old (p=0.052). Relative frequencies of MHC fiber phenotype were not different by age but were different by phenotype (rates 233, 641 and 111 per 1000 fibers for MHCI, MHCII and MHCI-II respectively, p=0.03). Few or no fibers were positive for developmental MHC. Mean cross-sectional area (CSA) was not different among the three age groups for MHCII and MHCI-II; however MHCI fibers tended to be larger in Middle versus Old and Young (mean=2257μm2,1917μm2 (p=0.05) and 1704μm2 (p=0.06), respectively). For each age group, mean CSA increased across MHC phenotype (lowest mean CSA for MHCI and highest mean CSA for MHCII). Spearman analysis demonstrated age-related increases in total p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase (P70), phosphorylated P70421/424, phosphorylated P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and muscle atrophy F-Box, a trend to age-related decrease in total extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and no age-related change in total protein kinase B (Akt/PKB), phosphorylated Akt, phosphorylated ERK, phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK46) and phosphorylated P70389. CONCLUSION Common anatomical and molecular indices of sarcopenia are absent in our sample of macaque SG. Relative frequencies of MHCII protein and phenotype are preserved with age. Although MAFbx expression increases with age, this is not associated with fiber atrophy, perhaps reflecting compensatory growth signaling by p70. The resistant nature of the styloglossus muscle to sarcopenia may be related to routine activation of tongue muscles in respiration and swallowing and the preservation of hypoglossal motoneuron number with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan J Sokoloff
- Department of Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States.
| | - Megan Douglas
- Department of Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jill A Rahnert
- School of Applied Physiology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Thomas Burkholder
- School of Applied Physiology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Kirk A Easley
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Qingwei Luo
- Department of Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
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21
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Ghosh S, Lertwattanarak R, Garduño JDJ, Galeana JJ, Li J, Zamarripa F, Lancaster JL, Mohan S, Hussey S, Musi N. Elevated muscle TLR4 expression and metabolic endotoxemia in human aging. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2015; 70:232-46. [PMID: 24846769 PMCID: PMC4311182 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glu067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with alterations in glucose metabolism and sarcopenia that jointly contribute to a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Because aging is considered as a state of low-grade inflammation, in this study we examined whether older, healthy (lean, community-dwelling) participants have altered signaling flux through toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), a key mediator of innate and adaptive immune responses. We also examined whether a 4-month aerobic exercise program would have an anti-inflammatory effect by reducing TLR4 expression and signaling. At baseline, muscle TLR4, nuclear factor κB p50 and nuclear factor κB p65 protein content, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase phosphorylation were significantly elevated in older versus young participants. The plasma concentration of the TLR4 agonist lipopolysaccharide and its binding protein also were significantly elevated in older participants, indicative of metabolic endotoxemia, which is a recently described phenomenon of increased plasma endotoxin level in metabolic disease. These alterations in older participants were accompanied by decreased insulin sensitivity, quadriceps muscle volume, and muscle strength. The exercise training program increased insulin sensitivity, without affecting quadriceps muscle volume or strength. Muscle TLR4, nuclear factor κB, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and plasma lipopolysaccharide and lipopolysaccharide binding protein were not changed by exercise. In conclusion, insulin resistance and sarcopenia of aging are associated with increased TLR4 expression/signaling, which may be secondary to metabolic endotoxemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeeta Ghosh
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Audie L. Murphy VA Hospital, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio. Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, Center for Healthy Aging
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sumathy Mohan
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio
| | - Sophie Hussey
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Audie L. Murphy VA Hospital, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio. Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, Center for Healthy Aging
| | - Nicolas Musi
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Audie L. Murphy VA Hospital, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio. Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, Center for Healthy Aging,
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Rogers RS, Beaudoin MS, Wheatley JL, Wright DC, Geiger PC. Heat shock proteins: in vivo heat treatments reveal adipose tissue depot-specific effects. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2014; 118:98-106. [PMID: 25554799 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00286.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat treatments (HT) and the induction of heat shock proteins (HSPs) improve whole body and skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity while decreasing white adipose tissue (WAT) mass. However, HSPs in WAT have been understudied. The purpose of the present study was to examine patterns of HSP expression in WAT depots, and to examine the effects of a single in vivo HT on WAT metabolism. Male Wistar rats received HT (41°C, 20 min) or sham treatment (37°C), and 24 h later subcutaneous, epididymal, and retroperitoneal WAT depots (SCAT, eWAT, and rpWAT, respectively) were removed for ex vivo experiments and Western blotting. SCAT, eWAT, and rpWAT from a subset of rats were also cultured separately and received a single in vitro HT or sham treatment. HSP72 and HSP25 expression was greatest in more metabolically active WAT depots (i.e., eWAT and rpWAT) compared with the SCAT. Following HT, HSP72 increased in all depots with the greatest induction occurring in the SCAT. In addition, HSP25 increased in the rpWAT and eWAT, while HSP60 increased in the rpWAT only in vivo. Free fatty acid (FFA) release from WAT explants was increased following HT in the rpWAT only, and fatty acid reesterification was decreased in the rpWAT but increased in the SCAT following HT. HT increased insulin responsiveness in eWAT, but not in SCAT or rpWAT. Differences in HSP expression and induction patterns following HT further support the growing body of literature differentiating distinct WAT depots in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Rogers
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; and
| | - Marie-Soleil Beaudoin
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joshua L Wheatley
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; and
| | - David C Wright
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paige C Geiger
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; and
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Chaperoning to the metabolic party: The emerging therapeutic role of heat-shock proteins in obesity and type 2 diabetes. Mol Metab 2014; 3:781-93. [PMID: 25379403 PMCID: PMC4216407 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background From their initial, accidental discovery 50 years ago, the highly conserved Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs) continue to exhibit fundamental roles in the protection of cell integrity. Meanwhile, in the midst of an obesity epidemic, research demonstrates a key involvement of low grade inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction amongst other mechanisms, in the pathology of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In particular, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and oxidative stress all appear to be associated with obesity and stimulate inflammatory kinases such as c jun amino terminal kinase (JNK), inhibitor of NF-κβ kinase (IKK) and protein kinase C (PKC) which in turn, inhibit insulin signaling. Mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle has also been proposed to be prominent in the pathogenesis of T2DM either by reducing the ability to oxidize fatty acids, leading to the accumulation of deleterious lipid species in peripheral tissues such as skeletal muscle and liver, or by altering the cellular redox state. Since HSPs act as molecular chaperones and demonstrate crucial protective functions in stressed cells, we and others have postulated that the manipulation of HSP expression in metabolically relevant tissues represents a therapeutic avenue for obesity-induced insulin resistance. Scope of Review This review summarizes the literature from both animal and human studies, that has examined how HSPs, particularly the inducible HSP, Heat Shock Protein 72 (Hsp72) alters glucose homeostasis and the possible approaches to modulating Hsp72 expression. A summation of the role of chemical chaperones in metabolic disorders is also included. Major Conclusions Targeted manipulation of Hsp72 or use of chemical chaperiones may have clinical utility in treating metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance and T2DM.
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Hooper PL, Balogh G, Rivas E, Kavanagh K, Vigh L. The importance of the cellular stress response in the pathogenesis and treatment of type 2 diabetes. Cell Stress Chaperones 2014; 19:447-64. [PMID: 24523032 PMCID: PMC4041942 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-014-0493-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Revised: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Organisms have evolved to survive rigorous environments and are not prepared to thrive in a world of caloric excess and sedentary behavior. A realization that physical exercise (or lack of it) plays a pivotal role in both the pathogenesis and therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus (t2DM) has led to the provocative concept of therapeutic exercise mimetics. A decade ago, we attempted to simulate the beneficial effects of exercise by treating t2DM patients with 3 weeks of daily hyperthermia, induced by hot tub immersion. The short-term intervention had remarkable success, with a 1 % drop in HbA1, a trend toward weight loss, and improvement in diabetic neuropathic symptoms. An explanation for the beneficial effects of exercise and hyperthermia centers upon their ability to induce the cellular stress response (the heat shock response) and restore cellular homeostasis. Impaired stress response precedes major metabolic defects associated with t2DM and may be a near seminal event in the pathogenesis of the disease, tipping the balance from health into disease. Heat shock protein inducers share metabolic pathways associated with exercise with activation of AMPK, PGC1-a, and sirtuins. Diabetic therapies that induce the stress response, whether via heat, bioactive compounds, or genetic manipulation, improve or prevent all of the morbidities and comorbidities associated with the disease. The agents reduce insulin resistance, inflammatory cytokines, visceral adiposity, and body weight while increasing mitochondrial activity, normalizing membrane structure and lipid composition, and preserving organ function. Therapies restoring the stress response can re-tip the balance from disease into health and address the multifaceted defects associated with the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip L. Hooper
- />Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Gabor Balogh
- />Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Eric Rivas
- />Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital of Dallas and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX USA
- />Department of Kinesiology, Texas Woman’s University, Denton, TX USA
| | - Kylie Kavanagh
- />Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston–Salem, NC USA
| | - Laszlo Vigh
- />Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
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Morgan RA, McGowan TW, McGowan CM. Prevalence and risk factors for hyperinsulinaemia in ponies in Queensland, Australia. Aust Vet J 2014; 92:101-6. [PMID: 24673135 DOI: 10.1111/avj.12159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- RA Morgan
- Philip Leverhulme Equine Hospital; University of Liverpool; Leahurst Campus Neston CH64 7TE United Kingdom
| | - TW McGowan
- Acorn Veterinary Clinic; Willows Veterinary Group; West Kirby UK
| | - CM McGowan
- Philip Leverhulme Equine Hospital; University of Liverpool; Leahurst Campus Neston CH64 7TE United Kingdom
- Institute of Aging and Chronic Disease; University of Liverpool; Neston UK
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Decreased thioredoxin-1 and increased HSP90 expression in skeletal muscle in subjects with type 2 diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:386351. [PMID: 24689038 PMCID: PMC3932292 DOI: 10.1155/2014/386351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In diabetes, the endogenous defence systems are overwhelmed, causing various types of stress in tissues. In this study, newly diagnosed or diet-treated type 2 diabetics (T2D) (n = 10) were compared with subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) (n = 8). In both groups, at resting conditions, blood samples were drawn for assessing metabolic indices and skeletal muscle samples (m. vastus lateralis) were taken for the measurements of cellular defence markers: thioredoxin-1 (TRX-1) and stress proteins HSP72, HSP90. The protein level of TRX-1 was 36.1% lower (P = 0.031) and HSP90 was 380% higher (P < 0.001) in the T2D than in the IGT subjects, with no significant changes in HSP72. However, after the adjustment of both analyses with HOMA-IR only HSP90 difference remained significant. In conclusion, level of TRX-1 in skeletal muscle tissue was lower while that of HSP90 was higher in T2D than in IGT subjects. This may impair antioxidant defence and lead to disruptions of protein homoeostasis and redox regulation of cellular defences. Because HSP90 may be involved in sustaining functional insulin signalling pathway in type 2 diabetic muscles and higher HSP90 levels can be a consequence of type 2 diabetes, our results are potentially important for the diabetes research.
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DiGiacomo K, Leury BJ, Dunshea FR. Potential nutritional strategies for the amelioration or prevention of high rigor temperature in cattle – a review. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2014. [DOI: 10.1071/an13303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Environmental conditions influence animal production from an animal performance perspective and at the carcass level post-slaughter. High rigor temperature occurs when the animal is hyperthermic pre-slaughter, and this leads to tougher meat. Hyperthermia can result from increased environmental temperature, exercise, stress or a combination of these factors. Consumer satisfaction with beef meat is influenced by the visual and sensory traits of the product when raw and cooked, with beef consumers commonly selecting tenderness of the product as the most important quality trait. High rigor temperature leads to a reduction in carcass and eating quality. This review examines some possible metabolic causes of hyperthermia, with focus on the importance of adipose tissue metabolism and the roles of insulin and leptin. Potential strategies for the amelioration or prevention of high rigor temperature are offered, including the use of dietary supplements such as betaine and chromium, anti-diabetic agents such as thiazolidinediones, vitamin D, and magnesium (Mg) to provide stress relief.
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Consitt LA, Van Meter J, Newton CA, Collier DN, Dar MS, Wojtaszewski JF, Treebak JT, Tanner CJ, Houmard JA. Impairments in site-specific AS160 phosphorylation and effects of exercise training. Diabetes 2013; 62:3437-47. [PMID: 23801578 PMCID: PMC3781473 DOI: 10.2337/db13-0229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine if site-specific phosphorylation at the level of Akt substrate of 160 kDa (AS160) is altered in skeletal muscle from sedentary humans across a wide range of the adult life span (18-84 years of age) and if endurance- and/or strength-oriented exercise training could rescue decrements in insulin action and skeletal muscle AS160 phosphorylation. A euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp and skeletal muscle biopsies were performed in 73 individuals encompassing a wide age range (18-84 years of age), and insulin-stimulated AS160 phosphorylation was determined. Decrements in whole-body insulin action were associated with impairments in insulin-induced phosphorylation of skeletal muscle AS160 on sites Ser-588, Thr-642, Ser-666, and phospho-Akt substrate, but not Ser-318 or Ser-751. Twelve weeks of endurance- or strength-oriented exercise training increased whole-body insulin action and reversed impairments in AS160 phosphorylation evident in insulin-resistant aged individuals. These findings suggest that a dampening of insulin-induced phosphorylation of AS160 on specific sites in skeletal muscle contributes to the insulin resistance evident in a sedentary aging population and that exercise training is an effective intervention for treating these impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie A. Consitt
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute, Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio
- Corresponding author: Leslie A. Consitt,
| | - Jessica Van Meter
- Department of Kinesiology, Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Christopher A. Newton
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Internal Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - David N. Collier
- Department of Pediatrics, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Moahad S. Dar
- Section of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Jørgen F.P. Wojtaszewski
- Molecular Physiology Group, The August Krogh Centre, Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas T. Treebak
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section on Integrative Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charles J. Tanner
- Department of Kinesiology, Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Joseph A. Houmard
- Department of Kinesiology, Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
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29
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Mathew D, Zhou P, Pywell CM, van der Veen DR, Shao J, Xi Y, Bonar NA, Hummel AD, Chapman S, Leevy WM, Duffield GE. Ablation of the ID2 gene results in altered circadian feeding behavior, and sex-specific enhancement of insulin sensitivity and elevated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and brown adipose tissue. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73064. [PMID: 24023810 PMCID: PMC3759459 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibitor of DNA binding 2 (ID2) is a helix-loop-helix transcriptional repressor rhythmically expressed in many adult tissues. Our earlier studies have demonstrated a role for ID2 in the input pathway, core clock function and output pathways of the mouse circadian system. We have also reported that Id2 null (Id2−/−) mice are lean with low gonadal white adipose tissue deposits and lower lipid content in the liver. These results coincided with altered or disrupted circadian expression profiles of liver genes including those involved in lipid metabolism. In the present phenotypic study we intended to decipher, on a sex-specific basis, the role of ID2 in glucose metabolism and in the circadian regulation of activity, important components of energy balance. We find that Id2−/− mice exhibited altered daily and circadian rhythms of feeding and locomotor activity; activity profiles extended further into the late night/dark phase of the 24-hr cycle, despite mice showing reduced total locomotor activity. Also, male Id2−/− mice consumed a greater amount of food relative to body mass, and displayed less weight gain. Id2−/− females had smaller adipocytes, suggesting sexual-dimorphic programing of adipogenesis. We observed increased glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in male Id2−/− mice, which was exacerbated in older animals. FDG-PET analysis revealed increased glucose uptake by skeletal muscle and brown adipose tissue of male Id2−/− mice, suggesting increased glucose metabolism and thermogenesis in these tissues. Reductions in intramuscular triacylglycerol and diacylglycerol were detected in male Id2−/− mice, highlighting its possible mechanistic role in enhanced insulin sensitivity in these mice. Our findings indicate a role for ID2 as a regulator of glucose and lipid metabolism, and in the circadian control of feeding/locomotor behavior; and contribute to the understanding of the development of obesity and diabetes, particularly in shift work personnel among whom incidence of such metabolic disorders is elevated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Mathew
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Peng Zhou
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Cameron M. Pywell
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Daan R. van der Veen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Jinping Shao
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Yang Xi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Nicolle A. Bonar
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Alyssa D. Hummel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Sarah Chapman
- Notre Dame Integrated Imaging Facility, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
| | - W. Matthew Leevy
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
- Notre Dame Integrated Imaging Facility, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Giles E. Duffield
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
- Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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30
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DNAJB3/HSP-40 cochaperone is downregulated in obese humans and is restored by physical exercise. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69217. [PMID: 23894433 PMCID: PMC3722167 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major risk factor for a myriad of disorders such as insulin resistance and diabetes. The mechanisms underlying these chronic conditions are complex but low grade inflammation and alteration of the endogenous stress defense system are well established. Previous studies indicated that impairment of HSP-25 and HSP-72 was linked to obesity, insulin resistance and diabetes in humans and animals while their induction was associated with improved clinical outcomes. In an attempt to identify additional components of the heat shock response that may be dysregulated by obesity, we used the RT2-Profiler PCR heat shock array, complemented with RT-PCR and validated by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Using adipose tissue biopsies and PBMC of non-diabetic lean and obese subjects, we report the downregulation of DNAJB3 cochaperone mRNA and protein in obese that negatively correlated with percent body fat (P = 0.0001), triglycerides (P = 0.035) and the inflammatory chemokines IP-10 and RANTES (P = 0.036 and P = 0.02, respectively). DNAJB positively correlated with maximum oxygen consumption (P = 0.031). Based on the beneficial effect of physical exercise, we investigated its possible impact on DNAJB3 expression and indeed, we found that exercise restored the expression of DNAJB3 in obese subjects with a concomitant decrease of phosphorylated JNK. Using cell lines, DNAJB3 protein was reduced following treatment with palmitate and tunicamycin which is suggestive of the link between the expression of DNAJB3 and the activation of the endoplasmic reticulum stress. DNAJB3 was also shown to coimmunoprecipiate with JNK and IKKβ stress kinases along with HSP-72 and thus, suggesting its potential role in modulating their activities. Taken together, these data suggest that DNAJB3 can potentially play a protective role against obesity.
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Grote CW, Groover AL, Ryals JM, Geiger PC, Feldman EL, Wright DE. Peripheral nervous system insulin resistance in ob/ob mice. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2013; 1:15. [PMID: 24252636 PMCID: PMC3893412 DOI: 10.1186/2051-5960-1-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A reduction in peripheral nervous system (PNS) insulin signaling is a proposed mechanism that may contribute to sensory neuron dysfunction and diabetic neuropathy. Neuronal insulin resistance is associated with several neurological disorders and recent evidence has indicated that dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons in primary culture display altered insulin signaling, yet in vivo results are lacking. Here, experiments were performed to test the hypothesis that the PNS of insulin-resistant mice displays altered insulin signal transduction in vivo. For these studies, nondiabetic control and type 2 diabetic ob/ob mice were challenged with an intrathecal injection of insulin or insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and downstream signaling was evaluated in the DRG and sciatic nerve using Western blot analysis. Results The results indicate that insulin signaling abnormalities documented in other “insulin sensitive” tissues (i.e. muscle, fat, liver) of ob/ob mice are also present in the PNS. A robust increase in Akt activation was observed with insulin and IGF-1 stimulation in nondiabetic mice in both the sciatic nerve and DRG; however this response was blunted in both tissues from ob/ob mice. The results also suggest that upregulated JNK activation and reduced insulin receptor expression could be contributory mechanisms of PNS insulin resistance within sensory neurons. Conclusions These findings contribute to the growing body of evidence that alterations in insulin signaling occur in the PNS and may be a key factor in the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy.
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Frøsig C, Jensen TE, Jeppesen J, Pehmøller C, Treebak JT, Maarbjerg SJ, Kristensen JM, Sylow L, Alsted TJ, Schjerling P, Kiens B, Wojtaszewski JFP, Richter EA. AMPK and insulin action--responses to ageing and high fat diet. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62338. [PMID: 23671593 PMCID: PMC3645997 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The 5′-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is considered “a metabolic master-switch” in skeletal muscle reducing ATP- consuming processes whilst stimulating ATP regeneration. Within recent years, AMPK has also been proposed as a potential target to attenuate insulin resistance, although the exact role of AMPK is not well understood. Here we hypothesized that mice lacking α2AMPK activity in muscle would be more susceptible to develop insulin resistance associated with ageing alone or in combination with high fat diet. Young (∼4 month) or old (∼18 month) wild type and muscle specific α2AMPK kinase-dead mice on chow diet as well as old mice on 17 weeks of high fat diet were studied for whole body glucose homeostasis (OGTT, ITT and HOMA-IR), insulin signaling and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in muscle. We demonstrate that high fat diet in old mice results in impaired glucose homeostasis and insulin stimulated glucose uptake in both the soleus and extensor digitorum longus muscle, coinciding with reduced insulin signaling at the level of Akt (pSer473 and pThr308), TBC1D1 (pThr590) and TBC1D4 (pThr642). In contrast to our hypothesis, the impact of ageing and high fat diet on insulin action was not worsened in mice lacking functional α2AMPK in muscle. It is concluded that α2AMPK deficiency in mouse skeletal muscle does not cause muscle insulin resistance in young and old mice and does not exacerbate obesity-induced insulin resistance in old mice suggesting that decreased α2AMPK activity does not increase susceptibility for insulin resistance in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Frøsig
- Section of Molecular Physiology, The August Krogh Centre, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Keipert S, Ost M, Chadt A, Voigt A, Ayala V, Portero-Otin M, Pamplona R, Al-Hasani H, Klaus S. Skeletal muscle uncoupling-induced longevity in mice is linked to increased substrate metabolism and induction of the endogenous antioxidant defense system. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2013; 304:E495-506. [PMID: 23277187 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00518.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Ectopic expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in skeletal muscle (SM) mitochondria increases lifespan considerably in high-fat diet-fed UCP1 Tg mice compared with wild types (WT). To clarify the underlying mechanisms, we investigated substrate metabolism as well as oxidative stress damage and antioxidant defense in SM of low-fat- and high-fat-fed mice. Tg mice showed an increased protein expression of phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase, markers of lipid turnover (p-ACC, FAT/CD36), and an increased SM ex vivo fatty acid oxidation. Surprisingly, UCP1 Tg mice showed elevated lipid peroxidative protein modifications with no changes in glycoxidation or direct protein oxidation. This was paralleled by an induction of catalase and superoxide dismutase activity, an increased redox signaling (MAPK signaling pathway), and increased expression of stress-protective heat shock protein 25. We conclude that increased skeletal muscle mitochondrial uncoupling in vivo does not reduce the oxidative stress status in the muscle cell. Moreover, it increases lipid metabolism and reactive lipid-derived carbonyls. This stress induction in turn increases the endogenous antioxidant defense system and redox signaling. Altogether, our data argue for an adaptive role of reactive species as essential signaling molecules for health and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Keipert
- German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany
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34
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Ortega E, Bote ME, Besedovsky HO, Rey AD. Hsp72, inflammation, and aging: causes, consequences, and perspectives. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2012; 1261:64-71. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06619.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Sharples AP, Al-Shanti N, Lewis MP, Stewart CE. Reduction of myoblast differentiation following multiple population doublings in mouse C2 C12 cells: a model to investigate ageing? J Cell Biochem 2012; 112:3773-85. [PMID: 21826704 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.23308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Ageing skeletal muscle displays declines in size, strength, and functional capacity. Given the acknowledged role that the systemic environment plays in reduced regeneration (Conboy et al. [2005] Nature 433: 760-764), the role of resident satellite cells (termed myoblasts upon activation) is relatively dismissed, where, multiple cellular divisions in-vivo throughout the lifespan could also impact on muscular deterioration. Using a model of multiple population doublings (MPD) in-vitro thus provided a system in which to investigate the direct impact of extensive cell duplications on muscle cell behavior. C(2) C(12) mouse skeletal myoblasts (CON) were used fresh or following 58 population doublings (MPD). As a result of multiple divisions, reduced morphological and biochemical (creatine kinase, CK) differentiation were observed. Furthermore, MPD cells had significantly increased cells in the S and decreased cells in the G1 phases of the cell cycle versus CON, following serum withdrawal. These results suggest continued cycling rather than G1 exit and thus reduced differentiation (myotube atrophy) occurs in MPD muscle cells. These changes were underpinned by significant reductions in transcript expression of: IGF-I and myogenic regulatory factors (myoD and myogenin) together with elevated IGFBP5. Signaling studies showed that decreased differentiation in MPD was associated with decreased phosphorylation of Akt, and with later increased phosphorylation of JNK1/2. Chemical inhibition of JNK1/2 (SP600125) in MPD cells increased IGF-I expression (non-significantly), however, did not enhance differentiation. This study provides a potential model and molecular mechanisms for deterioration in differentiation capacity in skeletal muscle cells as a consequence of multiple population doublings that would potentially contribute to the ageing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam P Sharples
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Institute for Biomedical Research into Human Movement and Health (IRM), Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK.
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Molecular mechanisms for age-associated mitochondrial deficiency in skeletal muscle. J Aging Res 2012; 2012:768304. [PMID: 22548174 PMCID: PMC3324903 DOI: 10.1155/2012/768304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2011] [Accepted: 01/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The abundance, morphology, and functional properties of mitochondria decay in skeletal muscle during the process of ageing. Although the precise mechanisms remain to be elucidated, these mechanisms include decreased mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) repair and mitochondrial biogenesis. Mitochondria possess their own protection system to repair mtDNA damage, which leads to defects of mtDNA-encoded gene expression and respiratory chain complex enzymes. However, mtDNA mutations have shown to be accumulated with age in skeletal muscle. When damaged mitochondria are eliminated by autophagy, mitochondrial biogenesis plays an important role in sustaining energy production and physiological homeostasis. The capacity for mitochondrial biogenesis has shown to decrease with age in skeletal muscle, contributing to progressive mitochondrial deficiency. Understanding how these endogenous systems adapt to altered physiological conditions during the process of ageing will provide a valuable insight into the underlying mechanisms that regulate cellular homeostasis. Here we will summarize the current knowledge about the molecular mechanisms responsible for age-associated mitochondrial deficiency in skeletal muscle. In particular, recent findings on the role of mtDNA repair and mitochondrial biogenesis in maintaining mitochondrial functionality in aged skeletal muscle will be highlighted.
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LAWLER JOHNM, KWAK HYOBUM, KIM JONGHEE, LEE YANG, HORD JEFFREYM, MARTINEZ DANIELA. Biphasic Stress Response in the Soleus during Reloading after Hind Limb Unloading. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2012; 44:600-9. [DOI: 10.1249/mss.0b013e31823ab37a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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38
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Avenatti R. The intersection of inflammation, insulin resistance and ageing: implications for the study of molecular signalling pathways in horses. COMPARATIVE EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.3920/cep12018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation-associated insulin resistance contributes to chronic disease in humans and other long-lived species, such as horses. Insulin resistance arises due to an imbalance among molecular signalling mediators in response to pro-inflammatory cytokines in the aged and obese. The mammalian heat shock protein response has received much attention as an avenue for attenuating inflammatory mediator signalling and for contributing to preservation and restoration of insulin signalling in metabolically important tissues. Data on heat shock proteins and inflammatory signalling mediators in untrained and aged horses are lacking, and horses represent an untapped resource for studying the mediator imbalance contributing to insulin resistance in a comparative model.
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Affiliation(s)
- R.C. Avenatti
- Rutgers Equine Science Center, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 57 U.S. Highway 1, New Brunswick, NJ 08850, USA
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Karikoski NP, Horn I, McGowan TW, McGowan CM. The prevalence of endocrinopathic laminitis among horses presented for laminitis at a first-opinion/referral equine hospital. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2011; 41:111-7. [PMID: 21696910 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2011.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2010] [Revised: 05/19/2011] [Accepted: 05/22/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Endocrinopathic causes of laminitis may be a common underlying causative pathogenesis in first-opinion or field cases presenting with laminitis, as opposed to laminitis produced in inflammatory research models. This study aimed to determine whether evidence of an underlying endocrinopathy was present in horses presented for laminitis to a first-opinion/referral veterinary teaching hospital. A second aim was to compare the signalment of horses and ponies with laminitis with the equine hospital population during the same period. All horses presenting for laminitis at Helsinki University Equine Teaching Hospital, Finland, over a 16-month period were examined for an underlying endocrinopathy. Horses presenting for laminitis were compared with the hospitalized population over the same period. There were 36 horses presented for laminitis, and evidence of endocrinopathy was present in 89%. Of the horses showing an underlying endocrinopathy, one-third had a diagnosis of pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction, and two-thirds showed basal hyperinsulinemia indicative of insulin resistance, without evidence of hirsutism. Phenotypic indicators of obesity were present in 95% of horses with basal hyperinsulinemia without hirsutism. Compared with the hospital population during the same period, horses with laminitis associated with an underlying endocrinopathy were significantly older and more likely to be pony breeds. Our data support that endocrine testing should be performed on all cases of laminitis that do not have a clear inflammatory or gastrointestinal origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- N P Karikoski
- Equine Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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40
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Morris JK, Seim NB, Bomhoff GL, Geiger PC, Stanford JA. Effects of unilateral nigrostriatal dopamine depletion on peripheral glucose tolerance and insulin signaling in middle aged rats. Neurosci Lett 2011; 504:219-22. [PMID: 21964388 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2011.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Revised: 09/08/2011] [Accepted: 09/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Clinical studies indicate an increased incidence of impaired glucose tolerance in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD). The mechanisms that underlie this co-morbidity are currently unknown. The purpose of this study was to analyze peripheral glucose tolerance following severe unilateral nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) depletion, and to determine whether central and peripheral insulin signaling was affected in the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) middle-aged rat model of PD. Although serum insulin levels differed significantly between the 6-OHDA and sham groups over the course of a glucose tolerance test six weeks post-lesion, no significant effect on glucose tolerance or insulin signaling in skeletal muscle was observed. In contrast, markers of striatal insulin resistance were evident in the rats. These data suggest that while 6-OHDA may affect serum insulin levels and striatal insulin signaling, the unilateral 6-OHDA lesion model does not induce glucose intolerance or peripheral insulin resistance, at least at the six-week post-lesion timepoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Morris
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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41
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Castorena CM, Mackrell JG, Bogan JS, Kanzaki M, Cartee GD. Clustering of GLUT4, TUG, and RUVBL2 protein levels correlate with myosin heavy chain isoform pattern in skeletal muscles, but AS160 and TBC1D1 levels do not. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2011; 111:1106-17. [PMID: 21799128 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00631.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a heterogeneous tissue. To further elucidate this heterogeneity, we probed relationships between myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoform composition and abundance of GLUT4 and four other proteins that are established or putative GLUT4 regulators [Akt substrate of 160 kDa (AS160), Tre-2/Bub2/Cdc 16-domain member 1 (TBC1D1), Tethering protein containing an UBX-domain for GLUT4 (TUG), and RuvB-like protein two (RUVBL2)] in 12 skeletal muscles or muscle regions from Wistar rats [adductor longus, extensor digitorum longus, epitrochlearis, gastrocnemius (mixed, red, and white), plantaris, soleus, tibialis anterior (red and white), tensor fasciae latae, and white vastus lateralis]. Key results were 1) significant differences found among the muscles (range of muscle expression values) for GLUT4 (2.5-fold), TUG (1.7-fold), RUVBL2 (2.0-fold), and TBC1D1 (2.7-fold), but not AS160; 2) significant positive correlations for pairs of proteins: GLUT4 vs. TUG (R = 0.699), GLUT4 vs. RUVBL2 (R = 0.613), TUG vs. RUVBL2 (R = 0.564), AS160 vs. TBC1D1 (R = 0.293), and AS160 vs. TUG (R = 0.246); 3) significant positive correlations for %MHC-I: GLUT4 (R = 0.460), TUG (R = 0.538), and RUVBL2 (R = 0.511); 4) significant positive correlations for %MHC-IIa: GLUT4 (R = 0.293) and RUVBL2 (R = 0.204); 5) significant negative correlations for %MHC-IIb vs. GLUT4 (R = -0.642), TUG (R = -0.626), and RUVBL2 (R = -0.692); and 6) neither AS160 nor TBC1D1 significantly correlated with MHC isoforms. In 12 rat muscles, GLUT4 abundance tracked with TUG and RUVBL2 and correlated with MHC isoform expression, but was unrelated to AS160 or TBC1D1. Our working hypothesis is that some of the mechanisms that regulate GLUT4 abundance in rat skeletal muscle also influence TUG and RUVBL2 abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M Castorena
- Muscle Biology Laboratory, Univ. of Michigan, School of Kinesiology, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2214, USA
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42
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Insulin receptor substrate 2 expression and involvement in neuronal insulin resistance in diabetic neuropathy. EXPERIMENTAL DIABETES RESEARCH 2011; 2011:212571. [PMID: 21754917 PMCID: PMC3132877 DOI: 10.1155/2011/212571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2010] [Revised: 03/22/2011] [Accepted: 04/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Insulin signaling depends on tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrates (IRSs) to mediate downstream effects; however, elevated serine phosphorylation of IRS impairs insulin signaling. Here, we investigated IRS protein expression patterns in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of mice and whether their signaling was affected by diabetes. Both IRS1 and IRS2 are expressed in DRG; however, IRS2 appears to be the prevalent isoform and is expressed by many DRG neuronal subtypes. Phosphorylation of Ser(731)IRS2 was significantly elevated in DRG neurons from type 1 and type 2 diabetic mice. Additionally, Akt activation and neurite outgrowth in response to insulin were significantly decreased in DRG cultures from diabetic ob/ob mice. These results suggest that DRG neurons express IRS proteins that are altered by diabetes similar to other peripheral tissues, and insulin signaling downstream of the insulin receptor may be impaired in sensory neurons and contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy.
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Lee H, Chang H, Park JY, Kim SY, Choi KM, Song W. Exercise training improves basal blood glucose metabolism with no changes of cytosolic inhibitor B kinase or c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation in skeletal muscle of Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima fatty rats. Exp Physiol 2011; 96:689-98. [PMID: 21527545 DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2011.057737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Redox-sensitive stress kinases and heat shock protein 72 (Hsp72) have been considered to be associated with the development of type 2 diabetes in skeletal muscle. However, the effect of exercise training on skeletal muscle of type 2 diabetic models is largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 12 weeks of exercise training on gastrocnemius of type 2 diabetic rats, by examining the activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), the nuclear factor B (NF-B) pathway and Hsp72. Total hydroperoxide and 4-hydroxynoneal, as oxidative stress markers, were also examined. Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima fatty (OLEFT) rats were randomly divided into an exercise training group (Ex-OLETF, n = 8) and a sedentary group (Sed-OLETF, n = 8), while Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) rats were used as a control group (Con-LETO, n = 5). The Ex-OLETF rats were trained on a treadmill five times a week for 12 weeks. The levels of hydroperoxide and 4-hydroxynoneal in both Ex-OLETF and Sed-OLETF were significantly higher compared with Con-LETO, but there was no difference between Ex-OLETF and Sed-OLETF. Levels of inhibitor B kinase, JNK activation and p65 nuclear translocation followed a similar pattern to that observed in oxidative stress markers. The level of Hsp72 in Ex-OLETF was increased by exercise training, but it did not reach the level observed in Con-LETO. The NF-B DNA binding activity in Sed-OLETF was significantly higher compared with Con-LETO. Although it was not statistically significant, exercise training in Ex-OLETF showed a trend to reduce the activation of NF-B DNA binding activity compared with Sed-OLETF (P = 0.104). Our findings indicate that exercise training improves basal glucose metabolism without a change in stress kinases, and that nuclear regulation of NF-B activity in diabetic muscle could be regulated independently of the cytosolic pathway. Our study also suggests a possibility that exercise-induced Hsp72 serves as a protective mechanism in skeletal muscle of OLETF rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hojun Lee
- Health and Exercise Science Laboratory, Institute of Sports Science, Seoul National University, Gwanangno, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Korea
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44
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Abstract
Endogenous heat shock proteins (HSP) are decreased in disease states associated with insulin resistance and aging. Induction of HSPs has been shown to decrease oxidative stress, inhibit inflammatory pathways, and enhance metabolic characteristics in skeletal muscle. As such, HSPs have the potential to function as an important defense system against the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
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45
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Gómez-Pérez Y, Gianotti M, Proenza AM, Lladó I. Age-Related Decline of Skeletal Muscle Insulin Sensitivity in Rats: Effect of Sex and Muscle Type. Rejuvenation Res 2011; 14:153-61. [DOI: 10.1089/rej.2010.1107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Gómez-Pérez
- Grup de Metabolisme Energètic i Nutrició, Departament de Biologia Fonamental i Ciències de la Salut, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Magdalena Gianotti
- Grup de Metabolisme Energètic i Nutrició, Departament de Biologia Fonamental i Ciències de la Salut, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana M. Proenza
- Grup de Metabolisme Energètic i Nutrició, Departament de Biologia Fonamental i Ciències de la Salut, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Lladó
- Grup de Metabolisme Energètic i Nutrició, Departament de Biologia Fonamental i Ciències de la Salut, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Gorres BK, Bomhoff GL, Morris JK, Geiger PC. In vivo stimulation of oestrogen receptor α increases insulin-stimulated skeletal muscle glucose uptake. J Physiol 2011; 589:2041-54. [PMID: 21486807 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2010.199018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies suggest oestrogen receptor α (ERα) is involved in oestrogen-mediated regulation of glucose metabolism and is critical for maintenance of whole body insulin action. Despite this, the effect of direct ERα modulation in insulin-responsive tissues is unknown. The purpose of the current study was to determine the impact of ERα activation, using the ER subtype-selective ligand propylpyrazoletriyl (PPT), on skeletal muscle glucose uptake. Two-month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats, ovariectomized for 1 week, were given subcutaneous injections of PPT (10 mg kg⁻¹), oestradiol benzoate (EB; 20 μg kg⁻¹), the ERβ agonist diarylpropionitrile (DPN, 10 mg kg⁻¹) or vehicle every 24 h for 3 days. On the fourth day, insulin-stimulated skeletal muscle glucose uptake was measured in vitro and insulin signalling intermediates were assessed via Western blotting.Activation of ERα with PPT resulted in increased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake into the slow-twitch soleus and fast-twitch extensor digitorum longus (EDL)muscles, activation of insulin signalling intermediates (as measured by phospho-Akt (pAkt) and pAkt substrate (PAS)) and phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). GLUT4 protein was increased only in the EDL muscle. Rats treated with EB or DPN for 3 days did not show an increase in insulin-stimulated skeletal muscle glucose uptake compared to vehicle-treated animals. These new findings reveal that direct activation of ERα positively mediates glucose uptake and insulin action in skeletal muscle. Evidence that oestrogens and ERα stimulate glucose uptake has important implications for understanding mechanisms of glucose homeostasis, particularly in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany K Gorres
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, MS 3043, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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Gupte AA, Bomhoff GL, Touchberry CD, Geiger PC. Acute heat treatment improves insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in aged skeletal muscle. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2011; 110:451-7. [PMID: 21148343 PMCID: PMC3043783 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00849.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2010] [Accepted: 12/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with insulin resistance and decreased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake into skeletal muscle. Although the mechanisms underlying age-related insulin resistance are not clearly defined, impaired defense against inflammation and tissue oxidative stress are likely causes. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) have been shown to protect tissue from oxidative stress and inhibit the activation of stress kinases such as JNK, known to interfere with the insulin signaling pathway. While the induction of HSPs via chronic heat treatment has been shown to protect skeletal muscle from obesity-related insulin resistance, the ability of heat treatment to improve insulin action in aged skeletal muscle is not known. In the present study, one bout of in vivo heat treatment applied to 24-mo-old Fischer 344 rats improved insulin-stimulated glucose uptake after 24 h in slow-twitch soleus muscles. In vitro heat treatment applied to young (3-mo-old) and aged (24-mo-old) soleus muscles increased expression of HSP72 and inhibited anisomycin-induced activation of JNK. In contrast, heat treatment had no effect on p38 MAPK, a MAPK strongly activated with anisomycin. Prior inhibition of HSP72 transcription with the pharmacological inhibitor KNK437 eliminated the ability of heat treatment to blunt JNK activation. This suggests that the ability of heat treatment to inhibit JNK activation in skeletal muscle is dependent on increased HSP72 expression. In conclusion, an acute bout of heat treatment can increase insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in aged skeletal muscle, with the underlying mechanism likely to be HSP72-mediated JNK inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anisha A Gupte
- Dept. of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Univ. of Kansas Medical Center, MS 3043, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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Gorres BK, Bomhoff GL, Gupte AA, Geiger PC. Altered estrogen receptor expression in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue of female rats fed a high-fat diet. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2011; 110:1046-53. [PMID: 21233345 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00541.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptors (ERs) are expressed in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, with potential implications for glucose metabolism and insulin signaling. Previous studies examining the role of ERs in glucose metabolism have primarily used knockout mouse models of ERα and ERβ, and it is unknown whether ER expression is altered in response to an obesity-inducing high-fat diet (HFD). The purpose of the current study was to determine whether modulation of glucose metabolism in response to a HFD in intact and ovariectomized (OVX) female rats is associated with alterations in ER expression. Our results demonstrate that a 6-wk HFD (60% calories from fat) in female rats induces whole body glucose intolerance with tissue-specific effects isolated to the adipose tissue, and no observed differences in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, GLUT4, or ERα protein expression levels in skeletal muscle. In chow-fed rats, OVX resulted in decreased ERα with a trend toward decreased GLUT4 expression in adipose tissue. Sham-treated and OVX rats fed a HFD demonstrated a decrease in ERα and GLUT4 in adipose tissue. The HFD also increased activation of stress kinases (c-jun NH₂-terminal kinase and inhibitor of κB kinase β) in the sham-treated rats and decreased expression of the protective heat shock protein 72 (HSP72) in both sham-treated and OVX rats. Our findings suggest that decreased glucose metabolism and increased inflammation in adipose tissue with a HFD in female rats could stem from a significant decrease in ERα expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany K Gorres
- Dept. of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Univ. of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
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Wu M, Falasca M, Blough ER. Akt/protein kinase B in skeletal muscle physiology and pathology. J Cell Physiol 2010; 226:29-36. [PMID: 20672327 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The Akt/protein kinase B is critical regulator of cellular homeostasis with diminished Akt activity being associated with dysregulation of cellular metabolism and cell death while Akt over-activation has been linked to inappropriate cell growth and proliferation. Although the regulation of Akt function has been well characterized in vitro, much less is known regarding the function of Akt in vivo. Here we examine how skeletal muscle Akt expression and enzymatic activity are controlled, the role of Akt in the regulation of skeletal muscle contraction, stress response glucose utilization, and protein metabolism, and the potential participation of this important molecule in skeletal muscle atrophy, aging, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaozong Wu
- Center for Diagnostic Nanosystems, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia 25755-1090, USA
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50
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Arvapalli RK, Paturi S, Laurino JP, Katta A, Kakarla SK, Gadde MK, Wu M, Rice KM, Walker EM, Wehner P, Blough ER. Deferasirox decreases age-associated iron accumulation in the aging F344XBN rat heart and liver. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2010; 10:108-16. [PMID: 20229123 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-010-9068-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
It is thought that aging in rats and humans is associated with increases in iron accumulation and cell apoptosis. Here, we examine the relationship between cardiac iron levels and apoptosis in aged F344XBN rats that had been treated with an oral iron chelator (Deferasirox; 100 mg/kg body weight) on alternate days for 6 months. Compared to adult animals (6 month), cardiac iron (+72%), liver iron (+87%), ferritin light chain (+59%), divalent metal transporter-1 (+56%) and the number of TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) positive cells (4.3 fold increase) were higher in 33-month-old animals (P < 0.05). Deferasirox treatment decreased cardiac iron levels by 37% (P < 0.05), and this was associated with decreases in the number of TUNEL-positive cells. Age-associated increases in cell death were coupled with increases in Bax to Bcl-2 ratio, and the amount of Bad, full-length caspase-3, and cleaved caspase-3. Deferasirox treatment decreased the Bax to Bcl-2 ratio by 17% (P < 0.05) and the amount of Bad, full-length caspase-3, cleaved caspase-3 (19 kDa), and cleaved caspase-3 (17 kDa) by 41, 16, 22, and 37%, respectively (P < 0.05). Taken together, these data suggest that deferasirox may be effective in diminishing age-associated iron accumulation and cardiac apoptosis in the F344XBN rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Kumar Arvapalli
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
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