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Kopp W. Aging and "Age-Related" Diseases - What Is the Relation? Aging Dis 2024:AD.2024.0570. [PMID: 39012663 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2024.0570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The study explores the intricate relationship between aging and the development of noncommunicable diseases [NCDs], focusing on whether these diseases are inevitable consequences of aging or primarily driven by lifestyle factors. By examining epidemiological data, particularly from hunter-gatherer societies, the study highlights that many NCDs prevalent in modern populations are rare in these societies, suggesting a significant influence of lifestyle choices. It delves into the mechanisms through which poor diet, smoking, and other lifestyle factors contribute to systemic physiological imbalances, characterized by oxidative stress, insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia, and dysregulation of the sympathetic nervous system, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and the immune system. The interplay between this pattern and individual factors such as genetic susceptibility, biological variability, epigenetic changes and the microbiome is proposed to play a crucial role in the development of a range of age-related NCDs. Modified biomolecules such as oxysterols and advanced glycation end products also contribute to their development. Specific diseases such as benign prostatic hyperplasia, Parkinson's disease, glaucoma and osteoarthritis are analyzed to illustrate these mechanisms. The study concludes that while aging contributes to the risk of NCDs, lifestyle factors play a crucial role, offering potential avenues for prevention and intervention through healthier living practices. One possible approach could be to try to restore the physiological balance, e.g. through dietary measures [e.g. Mediterranean diet, Okinawan diet or Paleolithic diet] in conjunction with [a combination of] pharmacological interventions and other lifestyle changes.
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Cancemi G, Cicero N, Allegra A, Gangemi S. Effect of Diet and Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis of Lymphoproliferative Disorders. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1674. [PMID: 37759977 PMCID: PMC10525385 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12091674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphomas are a heterogeneous group of pathologies that result from clonal proliferation of lymphocytes. They are classified into Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma; the latter develops as a result of B, T, or NK cells undergoing malignant transformation. It is believed that diet can modulate cellular redox state and that oxidative stress is implicated in lymphomagenesis by acting on several biological mechanisms; in fact, oxidative stress can generate a state of chronic inflammation through the activation of various transcription factors, thereby increasing the production of proinflammatory cytokines and causing overstimulation of B lymphocytes in the production of antibodies and possible alterations in cellular DNA. The purpose of our work is to investigate the results of in vitro and in vivo studies on the possible interaction between lymphomas, oxidative stress, and diet. A variety of dietary regimens and substances introduced with the diet that may have antioxidant and antiproliferative effects were assessed. The possibility of using nutraceuticals as novel anticancer agents is discussed; although the use of natural substances in lymphoma therapy is an interesting field of study, further studies are needed to define the efficacy of different nutraceuticals before introducing them into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Cancemi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy; (G.C.); (A.A.)
| | - Nicola Cicero
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Alessandro Allegra
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy; (G.C.); (A.A.)
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy;
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Li X, Wang Q, Guo L, Xue Y, Dang Y, Liu W, Yin T, Zhang Y, Zhao Y. Associations between Low-Carbohydrate Diets and Low-Fat Diets with Frailty in Community-Dwelling Aging Chinese Adults. Nutrients 2023; 15:3084. [PMID: 37513502 PMCID: PMC10383029 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Frailty is a major health issue associated with aging. Diet affects frailty status; however, studies on the associations between the low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) score, low-fat diet (LFD) score and frailty in older Chinese adults are scarce. This study aimed to examine the associations between the LCD score, LFD score and risk of frailty in older Chinese adults. We analyzed data from 6414 participants aged ≥ 60 years from the China Northwest Natural Population Cohort: Ningxia Project. Frailty was measured using the frailty index (FI), calculated from 28 items comprising diseases, behavioral disorders and blood biochemistry and classified as robust, pre-frail and frail. LCD and LFD scores were calculated using a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Multiple logistic regression models were used to evaluate associations between LCD, LFD scores and frail or pre-frail status after adjusting for confounders. Participants' mean age was 66.60 ± 4.15 years, and 47.8% were male. After adjusting for age, sex, educational level, drinking, smoking, BMI, physical activity and total energy, compared to the lowest quartile (Q1: reference), the odds ratios (ORs) for pre-frail and frail status in the highest quartile (Q4) of LCD score were 0.73 (95% confidence intervals: 0.61-0.88; p for trend = 0.017) and 0.73 (95%CI: 0.55-0.95; p for trend = 0.035), respectively. No significant associations were observed between LFD score and either pre-frail or frail status. Our data support that lower-carbohydrate diets were associated with lower pre-frail or frail status, particularly in females, while diets lower in fat were not significantly associated with the risk of either pre-frail or frail status in older Chinese adults. Further intervention studies are needed to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Li
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; (X.L.)
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Qingan Wang
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; (X.L.)
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Linfeng Guo
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Yixuan Xue
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Yuanyuan Dang
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Wanlu Liu
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Ting Yin
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; (X.L.)
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Yuhong Zhang
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; (X.L.)
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; (X.L.)
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
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Bauer S, Hezinger L, Rexhepi F, Ramanathan S, Kufer TA. NOD-like Receptors-Emerging Links to Obesity and Associated Morbidities. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108595. [PMID: 37239938 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and its associated metabolic morbidities have been and still are on the rise, posing a major challenge to health care systems worldwide. It has become evident over the last decades that a low-grade inflammatory response, primarily proceeding from the adipose tissue (AT), essentially contributes to adiposity-associated comorbidities, most prominently insulin resistance (IR), atherosclerosis and liver diseases. In mouse models, the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-1β and the imprinting of immune cells to a pro-inflammatory phenotype in AT play an important role. However, the underlying genetic and molecular determinants are not yet understood in detail. Recent evidence demonstrates that nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor (NLR) family proteins, a group of cytosolic pattern recognition receptors (PRR), contribute to the development and control of obesity and obesity-associated inflammatory responses. In this article, we review the current state of research on the role of NLR proteins in obesity and discuss the possible mechanisms leading to and the outcomes of NLR activation in the obesity-associated morbidities IR, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), atherosclerosis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and discuss emerging ideas about possibilities for NLR-based therapeutic interventions of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Bauer
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, Department of Immunology, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Lucy Hezinger
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, Department of Immunology, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Fjolla Rexhepi
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Sheela Ramanathan
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Thomas A Kufer
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, Department of Immunology, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany
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Chen K, Kortesniemi MK, Linderborg KM, Yang B. Anthocyanins as Promising Molecules Affecting Energy Homeostasis, Inflammation, and Gut Microbiota in Type 2 Diabetes with Special Reference to Impact of Acylation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:1002-1017. [PMID: 36515085 PMCID: PMC9853865 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c05879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins, the red-orange to blue-violet colorants present in fruits, vegetables, and tubers, have antidiabetic properties expressed via modulating energy metabolism, inflammation, and gut microbiota. Acylation of the glycosyl moieties of anthocyanins alters the physicochemical properties of anthocyanins and improves their stability. Thus, acylated anthocyanins with probiotic-like property and lower bioavailability are likely to have different biological effects from nonacylated anthocyanins on diabetes. This work highlights recent findings on the antidiabetic effects of acylated anthocyanins from the perspectives of energy metabolism, inflammation, and gut microbiota compared to the nonacylated anthocyanins and particularly emphasizes the cellular and molecular mechanisms associated with the beneficial effects of these bioactive molecules, providing a new perspective to explore the different biological effects induced by structurally different anthocyanins. Acylated anthocyanins may have greater modulating effects on energy metabolism, inflammation, and gut microbiota in type 2 diabetes compared to nonacylated anthocyanins.
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Shams M, Esmaeili F, Sadeghi S, Shanaki-Bavarsad M, Seyyed Ebrahimi SS, Hashemnia SMR, Tajabadi-Ebrahimi M, Emamgholipour S, Shanaki M. Bacillus coagulans T4 and Lactobacillus paracasei TD3 Ameliorate Skeletal Muscle Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in High-Fat Diet-Fed C57BL/6J Mice. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2023; 22:e135249. [PMID: 38116571 PMCID: PMC10728858 DOI: 10.5812/ijpr-135249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Background This study aims to investigate the effects of Bacillus coagulans T4 and Lactobacillus paracasei TD3 probiotics on skeletal muscle inflammation and oxidative stress in C57BL/6J mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Methods Probiotics B. coagulans T4, and L. paracasei TD3 were administered to male C57BL/6J mice fed with HFD. The gene expression of macrophage infiltration markers, inflammatory cytokines, and oxidative stress indicators in the muscle tissue was investigated. Results Treatment with B. coagulans T4 and L. paracasei TD3 reduced macrophage infiltration, accompanied by a decrease in the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and an increase in the expression of interleukin (IL)-10. On the other hand, L. paracasei TD3 decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) while B. coagulans T4 decreased carbonyl and increased catalase activity. Conclusions Treatment with probiotics B. coagulans T4 and L. paracasei TD3 partially ameliorated obesity-induced skeletal muscle inflammation in HFD-fed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Shams
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fataneh Esmaeili
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Sadeghi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Shanaki-Bavarsad
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Shadi Sadat Seyyed Ebrahimi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Solaleh Emamgholipour
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrnoosh Shanaki
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Yin J, Li D, Zheng T, Wang X, Hu B, Wang P. Structural and functional alterations of intestinal flora in mice induced by halonitromethanes exposure. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:991818. [PMID: 36177464 PMCID: PMC9512649 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.991818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Halonitromethanes (HNMs) as one typical class of nitrogenous disinfection byproducts (DBPs) have been widely found in drinking water and are receiving more and more attentions because of their high cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and developmental toxicity. However, the effects of HNMs exposure on the intestinal tract and intestinal flora remain unknown. This study comprehensively determined the effects of trichloronitromethane, bromonitromethane, and bromochloronitromethane exposure on the intestinal tract and intestinal flora. Results showed that the three HNMs induced intestinal oxidative stress and inflammatory response. Further, HNMs exposure could change the diversities and community structure of intestinal flora, thereby triggering intestinal flora dysbiosis, which might be associated with the intestinal damage such as oxidative stress and inflammation. The intestinal flora dysbiosis was accompanied with mark alterations in function of intestinal flora, such as carbohydrate, lipid, and amino acid metabolisms. This research provides a new insight into studying the toxicity of HNMs exposure based on intestinal flora, which will further improve the health risk assessment of DBPs in drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbao Yin
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dingxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tianming Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peifang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Peifang Wang,
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Chen Y, Chen FH, Chen YQ, Zhang Q. Higher modified dietary inflammatory index is associated with increased risk of osteoporosis in US adults: Data from NHANES. Front Nutr 2022; 9:891995. [PMID: 36017228 PMCID: PMC9396913 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.891995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to study the relationship between modified dietary inflammatory index (MDII) score with osteoporosis (OP) in adult Americans. Methods Data were extracted from the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (2007–2008, 2009–2010, 2013–2014, and 2017–2018). In this cross-sectional study, 5,446 participants were included and analyzed. Potential dietary inflammatory was assessed by MDII score (24-h recall), a composite method computed according to the relationship between nutrients and systemic pro-inflammatory cytokine level, and was further classified into tertiles. Weighted multivariable logistic regression analysis was employed to examine the associations between OP and MDII scores. Results In weighted multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models, the highest tertile of MDII score was associated with an increased risk of OP [odds ratio (OR): 1.73, 95% confidence interval (95 CI%): 1.14–2.63]. In participants aged above 59 years, a higher MDII score showed a higher risk of OP (OR: 1.92; 95 CI%: 1.16–3.15). In the sex-stratified models, the results remained significant only among women (OR: 1.80; 95% CI: 1.02–3.17). In the menopausal status stratified model, after adjusting potential confounding variables, the association between the MDII score, either as a categorical (OR: 1.88; 95% CI: 1.07–3.13) or continuous variables (OR: 1.19; 95%CI: 1.02–1.38), and OP risk was significant among postmenopausal women. Conclusion Our study indicates that a higher MDII score (pro-inflammatory effect) is significantly associated with an increased risk of OP in US adults, especially among those postmenopausal women more than 60 years. This study further supports that those dietary changes have the potential to prevent OP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Fu-Hua Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yi-Qing Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qiu Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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The Effect of Polyphenol Extract from Rosa Roxburghii Fruit on Plasma Metabolome and Gut Microbiota in Type 2 Diabetic Mice. Foods 2022; 11:foods11121747. [PMID: 35741945 PMCID: PMC9222671 DOI: 10.3390/foods11121747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rosa roxburghii fruit is an underutilized functional food abundant in polyphenols. Polyphenols have been proved to have antidiabetic effects. This study investigates the effects of Rosa roxburghii fruit polyphenols extract (RPE) on plasma metabolites and gut microbiota composition in streptozotocin (STZ)- and high-fat diet- induced type 2 diabetes using metabolomics and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The induced diabetic mice were fed with 400 mg/kg body weight RPE for 8 weeks. RPE demonstrated hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, and anti-inflammatory effects. Colonic oxidative stress biomarkers were also lowered by RPE. Besides, RPE decreased plasma ceramides and tyrosine levels and increased carnitine and phosphatidylinositols levels, indicating improved insulin resistance, lipid metabolism, and immune response. Furthermore, RPE decreased abundances of Lachnospiraceae and Rikenellaceae and increased abundances of Erysipelotrichaceae and Faecalibaculum. Metabolic function prediction of the gut microbiota by PICRUSt demonstrated that RPE downregulated the phosphotransferase system. Taken together, these findings demonstrated that RPE has the potential to prevent type 2 diabetes by regulating the plasma metabolites and gut microbes.
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Wiggins AM, Sorge RE. An improved model of type 2 diabetes with effects on glucose tolerance, neuropathy and retinopathy with and without obesity. Physiol Behav 2022; 248:113740. [PMID: 35167879 PMCID: PMC10714886 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Type 2 diabetes (T2D) costs billions of dollars annually, is also associated with pain (diabetic neuropathy), as well as retinopathy, lower urinary tract/urinary bladder dysfunction, depression, and systemic inflammation, affecting quality of life for patients. To that end, animal models are utilized to explore potential treatments, but may not reflect the complexity of the condition. OBJECTIVE We aimed to test an improved model of T2D that more closely mimics the clinical mechanisms and symptoms in an outbred strain of mouse. FINDINGS Male and female CD-1 mice (n = 72) were fed one of four diets: regular chow (REG), our Standard American Diet (SAD), a revised SAD (SAD2), or the commonly-used high-fat diet (HFD). Overall, HFD- and SAD-fed mice had significant weight gain and increased fat mass. Following injury, the SAD- and SAD2-fed mice showed protracted recovery, but the HFD-fed mice did not. Similarly, SAD- and SAD2-fed mice showed impaired retinal function compared to REG-fed mice, but the HFD-fed mice did not. CONCLUSIONS The SAD and SAD2 more closely model the problematic dietary intake and subsequent clinical symptoms associated with T2D. POTENTIAL IMPACT OF STUDY The adjusted SAD2 may be a better representation of a human-translatable diet than the SAD and HFD, and may allow for increased advances in the investigation of T2D-related symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asia M Wiggins
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States
| | - Robert E Sorge
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States.
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Resveratrol Inhibition of the WNT/β-Catenin Pathway following Discogenic Low Back Pain. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084092. [PMID: 35456908 PMCID: PMC9024678 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Low back pain (LBP) management is an important clinical issue. Inadequate LBP control has consequences on the mental and physical health of patients. Thus, acquiring new information on LBP mechanism would increase the available therapeutic tools. Resveratrol is a natural compound with many beneficial effects. In this study, we investigated the role of resveratrol on behavioral changes, inflammation and oxidative stress induced by LBP. Ten microliters of Complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) was injected in the lumbar intervertebral disk of Sprague Dawley rats to induce degeneration, and resveratrol was administered daily. Behavioral analyses were performed on day zero, three, five and seven, and the animals were sacrificed to evaluate the molecular pathways involved. Resveratrol administration alleviated hyperalgesia, motor disfunction and allodynia. Resveratrol administration significantly reduced the loss of notochordal cells and degenerative changes in the intervertebral disk. From the molecular point of view, resveratrol reduced the 5th/6th lumbar (L5–6) spinal activation of the WNT pathway, reducing the expression of WNT3a and cysteine-rich domain frizzled (FZ)8 and the accumulation of cytosolic and nuclear β-catenin. Moreover, resveratrol reduced the levels of TNF-α and IL-18 that are target genes strictly downstream of the WNT/β-catenin pathway. It also showed important anti-inflammatory activities by reducing the activation of the NFkB pathway, the expression of iNOS and COX-2, and the levels of PGE2 in the lumbar spinal cord. Moreover, resveratrol reduced the oxidative stress associated with inflammation and pain, as shown by the observed reduced lipid peroxidation and increased GSH, SOD, and CAT activities. Therefore, resveratrol administration controlled the WNT/β-catenin pathway and the related inflammatory and oxidative alterations, thus alleviating the behavioral changes induced by LBP.
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12
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Strath LJ, Brooks MS, Sorge RE, Judd SE. Relationship between diet and relative risk of pain in a cross-sectional analysis of the REGARDS longitudinal study. Pain Manag 2022; 12:168-179. [PMID: 34431328 PMCID: PMC8772533 DOI: 10.2217/pmt-2021-0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Determine if dietary patterns affect risk of pain. Methods: Data from 16,061 participants (55.4% females, 32.3% Black, age 65 ± 9 years) in the REGARDS study were categorized based on the adherence to previous dietary patterns reflecting the prevalent foods within each (convenience, alcohol/salads, plant-based, sweets/fats and 'Southern'). A modified Poisson regression model was used to determine whether dietary patterns were associated with relative risk (RR) of pain. Results: High adherence to 'Southern' dietary pattern was associated with a 41% (95% CI: 23, 61%) increase in RR of pain. High adherence to a plant-based dietary pattern showed a 22% (95% CI: 11, 31%) decrease in the RR of pain. Conclusion: Poor quality dietary patterns increase the RR of pain, while plant-based patterns lowered the RR. Diet patterns should be incorporated into medical history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa J Strath
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts & Sciences, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Marquita S Brooks
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Robert E Sorge
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts & Sciences, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294, USA,Author for correspondence:
| | - Suzanne E Judd
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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Beigrezaei S, Yazdanpanah Z, Soltani S, Rajaie SH, Mohseni-Takalloo S, Zohrabi T, Kaviani M, Forbes SC, Baker JS, Salehi-Abargouei A. The addition of exercise to a weight loss diet on inflammatory markers: a systematic review and Meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-13. [PMID: 34766871 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1999201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials was performed to evaluate the effects of weight-loss diets plus exercise compared with weight-loss diets alone on inflammatory biomarkers in adults. PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science (ISI), and Google Scholar were searched up to April 2021. Overall effects were derived using a random effects model. The overall quality of evidence was assessed using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE). Twenty-nine trials were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The meta-analysis showed no significant difference in serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) [weighted mean difference (WMD) = -0.004 mg/l, 95% CI: -0.140, 0.132, P = 0.954], interleukin-6 (IL-6) (WMD = -0.039 pg/ml, 95% CI: -0.233 to 0.156, P = 0.696), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (WMD = 0.405 ng/ml, 95% CI: -1.036 to 0.226, P = 0.209) after adding exercise to a weight-loss diet compared with a weight-loss diet alone. Subgroup analysis revealed that exercise plus a weight-loss diet significantly reduced TNF-α in studies greater than 16 weeks in duration (WMD = -0.742 ng/ml, 95% CI: -1.384 to -0.1, P = 0.024). This systematic review and meta-analysis indicate that exercise in addition to a weight-loss diet does not have a significant effect on further reducing inflammatory markers compared to a weight loss diet alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Beigrezaei
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Zeinab Yazdanpanah
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Sepideh Soltani
- Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Seiede Hamide Rajaie
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Sahar Mohseni-Takalloo
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Tayebeh Zohrabi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Kaviani
- Faculty of Pure & Applied Science, School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS, Canada
| | - Scott C Forbes
- Department of Physical Education Studies, Faculty of Education, Brandon University, Brandon, MB, Canada
| | - Julien S Baker
- Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Amin Salehi-Abargouei
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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14
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Jokioja J, Yang B, Linderborg KM. Acylated anthocyanins: A review on their bioavailability and effects on postprandial carbohydrate metabolism and inflammation. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:5570-5615. [PMID: 34611984 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Anthocyanins, the natural red and purple colorants of berries, fruits, vegetables, and tubers, improve carbohydrate metabolism and decrease the risk factors of metabolic disorders, but their industrial use is limited by their chemical instability. Acylation of the glycosyl moieties of anthocyanins, however, changes the chemical properties of anthocyanins and provides enhanced stability. Thus, acylated anthocyanins are more usable as natural colorants and bioactive components of innovative functional foods. Acylated anthocyanins are common in pigmented vegetables and tubers, the consumption of which has the potential to increase the intake of health-promoting anthocyanins as part of the daily diet. For the first time, this review presents the current findings on bioavailability, absorption, metabolism, and health effects of acylated anthocyanins with comparison to more extensively investigated nonacylated anthocyanins. The structural differences between nonacylated and acylated anthocyanins lead to enhanced color stability, altered absorption, bioavailability, in vivo stability, and colonic degradation. The impact of phenolic metabolites and their potential health effects regardless of the low bioavailability of the parent anthocyanins as such is discussed. Here, purple-fleshed potatoes are presented as a globally available, eco-friendly model food rich in acylated anthocyanins, which further highlights the industrial possibilities and nutritional relevance of acylated anthocyanins. This work supports the academic community and industry in food research and development by reviewing the current literature and highlighting gaps of knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Jokioja
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Baoru Yang
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Kaisa M Linderborg
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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15
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Effects of Acute Fructose Loading on Markers of Inflammation-A Pilot Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093110. [PMID: 34578989 PMCID: PMC8465001 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation plays a role in development of diabetic complications. The postprandial state has been linked to chronic low grade inflammation. We therefore aimed to investigate the acute effects of fructose loading, with and without a pizza, on metabolic and inflammatory markers in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) (n = 7) and in healthy subjects (HS) (n = 6), age 47–76 years. Drinks consumed were blueberry drink (18 g fructose), Coca-Cola (17.5 g fructose), and fructose drink (35 g fructose). The levels of glucose, insulin, insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) and inflammatory markers: Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), Interleukin-18 (IL-18), Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), and bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) were analyzed in blood. The postprandial responses were assessed using Wilcoxon’s matched-pairs test, Friedman’s ANOVA and Mann–Whitney U test. There was no difference in baseline levels of inflammatory markers between the groups. In T2D, MCP-1 decreased following blueberry drink and Coca-Cola (p = 0.02), Coca-Cola + pizza and fructose + pizza (p = 0.03). In HS, IL-6 increased following blueberry + pizza and fructose + pizza (p = 0.03), there was a decrease in MCP-1 following blueberry drink and Coca-Cola (p = 0.03), and in ICAM-1 following blueberry + pizza (p = 0.03). These results may indicate a role for MCP-1 as a link between postprandial state and diabetes complications, however further mechanistic studies on larger population of patients with T2D are needed for confirmation of these results.
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16
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He W, Wang L, Zhang Y, Jiang Y, Chen X, Wang Y, Dou Y, Chen H, Yan W. Higher Serum Bilirubin Levels in Response to Higher Carbohydrate Intake During Early Pregnancy and Lower Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Occurrence in Overweight and Obese Gravidae. Front Nutr 2021; 8:701422. [PMID: 34527687 PMCID: PMC8435579 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.701422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Serum bilirubin levels are recently shown to be a novel protector of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), yet whether they could be affected by carbohydrate quality is unclear. We aimed to examine the associations between dietary carbohydrate parameters and serum bilirubin levels during early pregnancy, with further exploration on a potential mediating role of serum bilirubin levels on carbohydrate parameters-GDM pathways. Methods: 260 healthy but overweight or obese gravidae (BMI ≥24 kg/m2) derived from a historical cohort in two hospitals in China were included. The associations between carbohydrate parameters (total carbohydrate intake, glycemic index GI, fiber intake, glycemic load GL) and serum bilirubin levels (total bilirubin, TB and direct bilirubin, DB) and GDM were evaluated by multivariable regression analysis. Generalized structural equation modeling was then applied to perform adjusted mediation analysis. Results: Increased serum bilirubin levels (mmol/L) and decreased GDM occurrence were observed following dietary carbohydrate intake (%E) and GL (g/1,000 kcal) in highest tertile compared to the lowest tertile [carbohydrate: TB: β = 0.926 (95%CI: 0.069, 1.782), DB: β = 0.554 (95%CI: 0.192, 0.916);GL:TB: β = 1.170 (95%CI: 0.339, 2.001); DB: β = 0.369 (95%CI: 0.016, 0.700); carbohydrate: adjusted OR = 0.43 (95%CI:0.19-0.99); GL: adjusted OR = 0.36 (95%CI:0.16, 0.84)]. The mediating effect of carbohydrate intake and GL on GDM through bilirubin levels was evaluated as modest (carbohydrate: 6.2% for TB, 1.3% for DB; GL: 8.7% for TB, 2.3% for DB). No association was observed regarding GI and fiber. Conclusions: Mildly elevated serum bilirubin levels appeared to be in response to higher energies consumed from carbohydrate during early pregnancy in healthy overweight or obese gravidae. However, the mediating effect of bilirubin levels on carbohydrate-GDM pathways is not evident. Larger investigation is further needed for solid evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wennan He
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Clinical Trial Unit (CTU), Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Liping Wang
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital of China Welfare Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Clinical Trial Unit (CTU), Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Jiang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Clinical Trial Unit (CTU), Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaotian Chen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Clinical Trial Unit (CTU), Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yin Wang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Clinical Trial Unit (CTU), Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yalan Dou
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Clinical Trial Unit (CTU), Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyan Chen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Clinical Trial Unit (CTU), Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Weili Yan
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Clinical Trial Unit (CTU), Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
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17
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McKeegan K, Mason SA, Trewin AJ, Keske MA, Wadley GD, Della Gatta PA, Nikolaidis MG, Parker L. Reactive oxygen species in exercise and insulin resistance: Working towards personalized antioxidant treatment. Redox Biol 2021; 44:102005. [PMID: 34049222 PMCID: PMC8167146 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are well known for their role in insulin resistance and the development of cardiometabolic disease including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). Conversely, evidence supports the notion that ROS are a necessary component for glucose cell transport and adaptation to physiological stress including exercise and muscle contraction. Although genetic rodent models and cell culture studies indicate antioxidant treatment to be an effective strategy for targeting ROS to promote health, human findings are largely inconsistent. In this review we discuss human research that has investigated antioxidant treatment and glycemic control in the context of health (healthy individuals and during exercise) and disease (insulin resistance and T2D). We have identified key factors that are likely to influence the effectiveness of antioxidant treatment: 1) the context of treatment including whether oxidative distress or eustress is present (e.g., hyperglycemia/lipidaemia or during exercise and muscle contraction); 2) whether specific endogenous antioxidant deficiencies are identified (redox screening); 3) whether antioxidant treatment is specifically designed to target and restore identified deficiencies (antioxidant specificity); 4) and the bioavailability and bioactivity of the antioxidant which are influenced by treatment dose, duration, and method of administration. The majority of human research has failed to account for these factors, limiting their ability to robustly test the effectiveness of antioxidants for health promotion and disease prevention. We propose that a modern "redox screening" and "personalized antioxidant treatment" approach is required to robustly explore redox regulation of human physiology and to elicit more effective antioxidant treatment in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn McKeegan
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Shaun A Mason
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Adam J Trewin
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Michelle A Keske
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Glenn D Wadley
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Paul A Della Gatta
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Michalis G Nikolaidis
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece
| | - Lewan Parker
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
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18
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Guo D, Zhao M, Xu W, He H, Li B, Hou T. Dietary interventions for better management of osteoporosis: An overview. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:125-144. [PMID: 34251926 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1944975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a public health concern and a cause of bone loss, increased risk of skeletal fracture, and a heavy economic burden. It is common in postmenopausal women and the elderly and is impacted by dietary factors, lifestyle and some secondary factors. Although many drugs are available for the treatment of osteoporosis, these therapies are accompanied by subsequent side effects. Hence, dietary interventions are highly important to prevent osteoporosis. This review was aimed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the roles of dietary nutrients derived from natural foods and of common dietary patterns in the regulation of osteoporosis. Nutrients from daily diets, such as unsaturated fatty acids, proteins, minerals, peptides, phytoestrogens, and prebiotics, can regulate bone metabolism and reverse bone loss. Meanwhile, these nutrients generally existed in food groups and certain dietary patterns also play critical roles in skeletal health. Appropriate dietary interventions (nutrients and dietary patterns) could be primary and effective strategies to prevent and treat osteoporosis across the lifespan for the consumers and food enterprises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danjun Guo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Food Science & Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengge Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Xu
- College of Food Science & Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui He
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bin Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Hou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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19
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Rothschild JA, Kilding AE, Broome SC, Stewart T, Cronin JB, Plews DJ. Pre-Exercise Carbohydrate or Protein Ingestion Influences Substrate Oxidation but Not Performance or Hunger Compared with Cycling in the Fasted State. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041291. [PMID: 33919779 PMCID: PMC8070691 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutritional intake can influence exercise metabolism and performance, but there is a lack of research comparing protein-rich pre-exercise meals with endurance exercise performed both in the fasted state and following a carbohydrate-rich breakfast. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of three pre-exercise nutrition strategies on metabolism and exercise capacity during cycling. On three occasions, seventeen trained male cyclists (VO2peak 62.2 ± 5.8 mL·kg−1·min−1, 31.2 ± 12.4 years, 74.8 ± 9.6 kg) performed twenty minutes of submaximal cycling (4 × 5 min stages at 60%, 80%, and 100% of ventilatory threshold (VT), and 20% of the difference between power at the VT and peak power), followed by 3 × 3 min intervals at 80% peak aerobic power and 3 × 3 min intervals at maximal effort, 30 min after consuming a carbohydrate-rich meal (CARB; 1 g/kg CHO), a protein-rich meal (PROTEIN; 0.45 g/kg protein + 0.24 g/kg fat), or water (FASTED), in a randomized and counter-balanced order. Fat oxidation was lower for CARB compared with FASTED at and below the VT, and compared with PROTEIN at 60% VT. There were no differences between trials for average power during high-intensity intervals (367 ± 51 W, p = 0.516). Oxidative stress (F2-Isoprostanes), perceived exertion, and hunger were not different between trials. Overall, exercising in the overnight-fasted state increased fat oxidation during submaximal exercise compared with exercise following a CHO-rich breakfast, and pre-exercise protein ingestion allowed similarly high levels of fat oxidation. There were no differences in perceived exertion, hunger, or performance, and we provide novel data showing no influence of pre-exercise nutrition ingestion on exercise-induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A. Rothschild
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ), Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 0632, New Zealand; (A.E.K.); (T.S.); (J.B.C.); (D.J.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Andrew E. Kilding
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ), Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 0632, New Zealand; (A.E.K.); (T.S.); (J.B.C.); (D.J.P.)
| | - Sophie C. Broome
- Discipline of Nutrition, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand;
| | - Tom Stewart
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ), Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 0632, New Zealand; (A.E.K.); (T.S.); (J.B.C.); (D.J.P.)
- Human Potential Centre, School of Sport and Recreation, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - John B. Cronin
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ), Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 0632, New Zealand; (A.E.K.); (T.S.); (J.B.C.); (D.J.P.)
| | - Daniel J. Plews
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ), Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 0632, New Zealand; (A.E.K.); (T.S.); (J.B.C.); (D.J.P.)
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20
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Dos Reis Costa DEF, Silveira ALM, Campos GP, Nóbrega NRC, de Araújo NF, de Figueiredo Borges L, Dos Santos Aggum Capettini L, Ferreira AVM, Bonaventura D. High-Carbohydrate Diet Enhanced the Anticontractile Effect of Perivascular Adipose Tissue Through Activation of Renin-Angiotensin System. Front Physiol 2021; 11:628101. [PMID: 33519529 PMCID: PMC7845559 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.628101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is an active endocrine organ responsible for release several substances that influence on vascular tone. Increasing evidence suggest that hyperactivation of the local renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in the PVAT plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of cardiometabolic diseases. However, the local RAS contribution to the PVAT control of vascular tone during obesity is still not clear. Since the consumption of a high-carbohydrate diet (HC diet) contributes to obesity inducing a rapid and sustained increase in adiposity, so that the functional activity of PVAT could be modulated, we aimed to evaluate the effect of HC diet on the PVAT control of vascular tone and verify the involvement of RAS in this effect. For that, male Balb/c mice were fed standard or HC diet for 4 weeks. Vascular reactivity, histology, fluorescence, and immunofluorescence analysis were performed in intact thoracic aorta in the presence or absence of PVAT. The results showed that HC diet caused an increase in visceral adiposity and also in the PVAT area. Phenylephrine-induced vasoconstriction was significantly reduced in the HC group only in the presence of PVAT. The anticontractile effect of PVAT induced by HC diet was lost when aortic rings were previously incubated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, Mas, and AT2 receptors antagonists, PI3K, nNOS, and iNOS inhibitors, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) decomposing enzyme or non-selective potassium channels blocker. Immunofluorescence assays showed that both Mas and AT2 receptors as well as nNOS and iNOS isoforms were markedly expressed in the PVAT of the HC group. Furthermore, the PVAT from HC group also exhibited higher nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen peroxide bioavailability. Taken together, these findings suggest that the anticontractile effect of PVAT induced by HC diet involves the signaling cascade triggered by the renin-angiotensin system through the activation of Mas and AT2 receptors, PI3K, nNOS, and iNOS, leading to increased production of nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide, and subsequently opening of potassium channels. The contribution of PVAT during HC diet-induced obesity could be a compensatory adaptive characteristic in order to preserve the vascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Letícia Malheiros Silveira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Gianne Paul Campos
- Department of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Natália Ferreira de Araújo
- Department of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Luciano de Figueiredo Borges
- Department of Biological Sciences, Morphophysiology & Pathology Sector, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Adaliene Versiani Matos Ferreira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Department of Nutrition, Nursing School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Daniella Bonaventura
- Department of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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21
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Rothschild JA, Kilding AE, Plews DJ. What Should I Eat before Exercise? Pre-Exercise Nutrition and the Response to Endurance Exercise: Current Prospective and Future Directions. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113473. [PMID: 33198277 PMCID: PMC7696145 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary variables influencing the adaptive response to a bout of endurance training are exercise duration and exercise intensity. However, altering the availability of nutrients before and during exercise can also impact the training response by modulating the exercise stimulus and/or the physiological and molecular responses to the exercise-induced perturbations. The purpose of this review is to highlight the current knowledge of the influence of pre-exercise nutrition ingestion on the metabolic, physiological, and performance responses to endurance training and suggest directions for future research. Acutely, carbohydrate ingestion reduces fat oxidation, but there is little evidence showing enhanced fat burning capacity following long-term fasted-state training. Performance is improved following pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion for longer but not shorter duration exercise, while training-induced performance improvements following nutrition strategies that modulate carbohydrate availability vary based on the type of nutrition protocol used. Contrasting findings related to the influence of acute carbohydrate ingestion on mitochondrial signaling may be related to the amount of carbohydrate consumed and the intensity of exercise. This review can help to guide athletes, coaches, and nutritionists in personalizing pre-exercise nutrition strategies, and for designing research studies to further elucidate the role of nutrition in endurance training adaptations.
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22
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Dietary Interventions for Treatment of Chronic Pain: Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. Pain Ther 2020; 9:487-498. [PMID: 33085012 PMCID: PMC7648781 DOI: 10.1007/s40122-020-00200-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain is highly prevalent in the United States, impacting 28.4% of the adult population, or 69.6 million people, as of 2016. Chronic pain is often associated with anxiety, depression, and restrictions in mobility and daily activities, substantially reducing quality of life. Analgesics, especially opioids, are one of the primary pharmaceutical treatment methods for chronic pain. However, prescription opioid misuse and abuse has become increasingly prevalent and concerning, prompting the need for research into alternative treatment methods which avoid the side effects of traditional treatments. Chronic pain is, in part, thought to be the result of oxidative stress and inflammation, and clinical research has indicated links between these conditions and diet. Thus, dietary interventions are a particularly promising therapeutic treatment for chronic pain, with numerous studies suggesting that diet has a noticeable effect on pain as far down as the cellular level. In this review article, data from a number of clinical trials assessing the effect of three diets—antioxidant-rich, low-carbohydrate, and Mediterranean—on oxidative stress and inflammation is compiled and discussed in the context of chronic pain. Clinical data suggests that low-carbohydrate diets and Mediterranean diets both are especially promising dietary interventions.
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23
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Martin BL, Thompson LC, Kim YH, Snow SJ, Schladweiler MC, Phillips P, Harmon M, King C, Richards J, George I, W Kyle Martin, Haykal-Coates N, Gilmour MI, Kodavanti UP, Hazari MS, Farraj AK. A single exposure to eucalyptus smoke sensitizes rats to the postprandial cardiovascular effects of a high carbohydrate oral load. Inhal Toxicol 2020; 32:342-353. [PMID: 32838590 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2020.1809572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies have shown that air pollution exposure primes the body to heightened responses to everyday stressors of the cardiovascular system. The purpose of this study was to examine the utility of postprandial responses to a high carbohydrate oral load, a cardiometabolic stressor long used to predict cardiovascular risk, in assessing the impacts of exposure to eucalyptus smoke (ES), a contributor to wildland fire air pollution in the Western coast of the United States. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three-month-old male Sprague Dawley rats were exposed once (1 h) to filtered air (FA) or ES (700 µg/m3 fine particulate matter), generated by burning eucalyptus in a tube furnace. Rats were then fasted for six hours the following morning, and subsequently administered an oral gavage of either water or a HC suspension (70 kcal% from carbohydrate), mimicking a HC meal. Two hours post gavage, cardiovascular ultrasound, cardiac pressure-volume (PV), and baroreceptor sensitivity assessments were made, and pulmonary and systemic markers assessed. RESULTS ES inhalation alone increased serum interleukin (IL)-4 and nasal airway levels of gamma glutamyl transferase. HC gavage alone increased blood glucose, blood pressure, and serum IL-6 and IL-13 compared to water vehicle. By contrast, only ES-exposed and HC-challenged animals had increased PV loop measures of cardiac output, ejection fraction %, dP/dt max, dP/dt min, and stroke work compared to ES exposure alone and/or HC challenge alone. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Exposure to a model wildfire air pollution source modifies cardiovascular responses to HC challenge, suggesting air pollution sensitizes the body to systemic triggers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandi L Martin
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Leslie C Thompson
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, US EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Yong Ho Kim
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Samantha J Snow
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, US EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.,ICF International, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Mette C Schladweiler
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, US EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Pamela Phillips
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, US EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Molly Harmon
- Curriculum of Toxicology and Environmental Medicine Division, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Charly King
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, US EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Judy Richards
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, US EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Ingrid George
- Air Methods & Characterization Division, US EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - W Kyle Martin
- Curriculum of Toxicology and Environmental Medicine Division, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Najwa Haykal-Coates
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, US EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - M Ian Gilmour
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, US EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Urmila P Kodavanti
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, US EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Mehdi S Hazari
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, US EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Aimen K Farraj
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, US EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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24
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Yaegashi A, Suzuki J. Effects of Evening-Only Low-Carbohydrate Meal on Healthy Volunteers. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2020; 66:229-236. [PMID: 32612085 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.66.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We performed a pre/post-interventional study with participants as self-controls to evaluate the effects of consuming an evening-only low-carbohydrate meal (LCM) at 1800 h on biochemical measures of glucose and lipid metabolism. Study participants comprised 14 healthy men (age range, 20-29 y) who, consumed standard test meals (STMs) or LCM at 1800 h. Blood samples were collected at fasting, and at 60-, 120-, and 240 min after the start of the meals. The 60-min postprandial levels and the area under the curve (AUC) 0-120 min for plasma glucose were significantly lower after the LCM than after the STMs. The 60- and 120-min postprandial levels and the AUC 0-240 min for plasma insulin were significantly lower after the LCM than after the STMs (p<0.01). Postprandial triglyceride (TG) levels at 120- and 240 min and the AUC 0-240 min were significantly higher after the LCM than after the STMs (p<0.05, p<0.01, and p<0.05, respectively). The interleukin-6 levels were significantly higher 240 min after the STMs than before the meals (p<0.05), but not after the LCM. In these healthy volunteers, consuming an LCM at 1800 h suppressed postprandial hyperglycemia and insulin secretion; however, postprandial TG increased. Consuming an LCM at 1800 h was beneficial as it inhibited elevation of blood glucose; however, it may also increase the risk of arteriosclerosis through increasing TG levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinori Yaegashi
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Science, Hokkaido Bunkyo University.,Graduate School of Nursing and Nutrition, Tenshi College
| | - Junko Suzuki
- Graduate School of Nursing and Nutrition, Tenshi College
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25
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Thompson G, Davison GW, Crawford J, Hughes CM. Exercise and inflammation in coronary artery disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials. J Sports Sci 2020; 38:814-826. [DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2020.1735684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gareth Thompson
- Institute of Nursing and Health Research, Ulster University, Jordanstown Campus, Newtownabbey, County Antrim
| | - Gareth W. Davison
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Newtownabbey, County Antrim
| | - Jacqui Crawford
- Institute of Nursing and Health Research, Ulster University, Jordanstown Campus, Newtownabbey, County Antrim
| | - Ciara M. Hughes
- Institute of Nursing and Health Research, Ulster University, Jordanstown Campus, Newtownabbey, County Antrim
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26
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Souza Cruz EM, Bitencourt de Morais JM, Dalto da Rosa CV, da Silva Simões M, Comar JF, de Almeida Chuffa LG, Seiva FRF. Long-term sucrose solution consumption causes metabolic alterations and affects hepatic oxidative stress in Wistar rats. Biol Open 2020; 9:bio047282. [PMID: 32086249 PMCID: PMC7055397 DOI: 10.1242/bio.047282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
As the number of overweight and obese people has risen in recent years, there has been a parallel increase in the number of people with metabolic syndrome, diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The consumption of artificially sweetened beverages contributes to these epidemics. This study investigated the long-term effects of ingestion of a 40% sucrose solution on serum and hepatic parameters in male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus). After 180 days, the glycemic response, lipid profile and hepatic oxidative stress were compared to those of rats maintained on water. Sucrose ingestion led to higher body weight, increased fat deposits, reduced voluntary food intake and reduced feeding efficiency. Rats that received sucrose solution showed early signs of glucose intolerance and insulin resistance, such as hyperinsulinemia. Serum triacylglycerol (TG), very-low density lipoprotein (VLDL), cholesterol, ALT and AST levels increased after sucrose consumption. Elevated malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels and reduced glutathione levels characterize the hepatic oxidative stress due to sucrose ingestion. Liver sample histology showed vacuolar traces and increased fibrotic tissue. Our data showed the harmful effects of chronic consumption of sucrose solution, which can cause alterations that are found frequently in obesity, glucose intolerance and non-alcoholic hepatic disease, characteristics of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Mayara Souza Cruz
- Department of Biology, Biological Science Center, Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná - UENP, Luiz Meneghel Campus, Bandeirantes, 8630-000 Paraná, Brazil
| | - Juliana Maria Bitencourt de Morais
- Department of Biology, Biological Science Center, Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná - UENP, Luiz Meneghel Campus, Bandeirantes, 8630-000 Paraná, Brazil
| | - Carlos Vinícius Dalto da Rosa
- Department of Biology, Biological Science Center, Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná - UENP, Luiz Meneghel Campus, Bandeirantes, 8630-000 Paraná, Brazil
| | - Mellina da Silva Simões
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Estadual de Maringá - UEM, Maringá, 87020-900 Paraná, Brazil
| | - Jurandir Fernando Comar
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Estadual de Maringá - UEM, Maringá, 87020-900 Paraná, Brazil
| | - Luiz Gustavo de Almeida Chuffa
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Botucatu, 18618-689 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fábio Rodrigues Ferreira Seiva
- Department of Biology, Biological Science Center, Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná - UENP, Luiz Meneghel Campus, Bandeirantes, 8630-000 Paraná, Brazil
- Post Graduation Program of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina - UEL, 86057-970 Paraná, Brazil
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27
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Wong SK, Chin KY, Ima-Nirwana S. Vitamin C: A Review on its Role in the Management of Metabolic Syndrome. Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:1625-1638. [PMID: 32669965 PMCID: PMC7359392 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.47103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammation are two interlinked events that exist simultaneously in metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its related complications. These pathophysiological processes can be easily triggered by each other. This review summarizes the current evidence from animal and human studies on the effects of vitamin C in managing MetS. In vivo studies showed promising effects of vitamin C, but most of the interventions used were in combination with other compounds. The direct effects of vitamin C remain to be elucidated. In humans, the current state of evidence revealed that lower vitamin C intake and circulating concentration were found in MetS subjects. A negative relationship was observed between vitamin C intake / concentration and the risk of MetS. Oral supplementation of vitamin C also improved MetS conditions. It has been postulated that the positive outcomes of vitamin C may be in part mediated through its anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. These observations suggest the importance of MetS patients to have an adequate intake of vitamin C through food, beverages or supplements in order to maintain its concentration in the systemic circulation and potentially reverse MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sok Kuan Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kok-Yong Chin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Soelaiman Ima-Nirwana
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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28
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Pearce KL, Tremellen K. The Effect of Macronutrients on Reproductive Hormones in Overweight and Obese Men: A Pilot Study. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11123059. [PMID: 31847341 PMCID: PMC6950136 DOI: 10.3390/nu11123059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypogonadal obese men find it difficult to lose weight. We investigated whether the modification of macronutrient intake can alter testosterone levels independently of the body mass index. Fasted overweight or obese fertile men were asked to consume meals of polyunsaturated fats (PUFA), monounsaturated fats (MUFA), refined carbohydrates (CHO, orange juice, OJ), whey and egg albumin and mixed meals of PUFA and CHO, PUFA and egg albumin, and CHO and egg albumin. Blood was collected at fasting, then hourly for 5 h and analysed to determine the levels of testosterone and other hormones. We found PUFA and MUFA or a mixed meal of PUFA and CHO significantly reduced serum testosterone production to a similar degree over a 5 h period. PUFA decreased serum testosterone levels by 3.2 nmol/L after 1 h compared to baseline (p = 0.023), with this suppression remaining significant up to 5 h postprandially (2.1 nmol/L; p = 0.012). The net overall testosterone levels were reduced by approximately 10 nmol/L × h by PUFA, MUFA and PUFA combined with CHO. CHO alone had little effect on testosterone levels, whereas egg albumin was able to increase them (7.4 cf 2.0 nmol/L × h). Therefore, for men wishing to optimize their testosterone levels, it may be wise to avoid a high fat intake, drink liquids such as water or OJ or even consider fasting. ANZCTR, Australia; ACTRN12617001034325.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karma L. Pearce
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, ARENA, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5001, South Australia, Australia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-8-83021133
| | - Kelton Tremellen
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, ARENA, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5001, South Australia, Australia;
- Repromed, Dulwich 5065, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine, Flinders University, Bedford Park 5042, South Australia, Australia
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Human Postprandial Nutrient Metabolism and Low-Grade Inflammation: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11123000. [PMID: 31817857 PMCID: PMC6950246 DOI: 10.3390/nu11123000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of the postprandial state has been acknowledged, since hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia are linked with several chronic systemic low-grade inflammation conditions. Humans spend more than 16 h per day in the postprandial state and the postprandial state is acknowledged as a complex interplay between nutrients, hormones and diet-derived metabolites. The purpose of this review is to provide insight into the physiology of the postprandial inflammatory response, the role of different nutrients, the pro-inflammatory effects of metabolic endotoxemia and the anti-inflammatory effects of bile acids. Moreover, we discuss nutritional strategies that may be linked to the described pathways to modulate the inflammatory component of the postprandial response.
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30
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Anthocyanin-rich extract from purple potatoes decreases postprandial glycemic response and affects inflammation markers in healthy men. Food Chem 2019; 310:125797. [PMID: 31818516 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Our recent clinical study suggested that polyphenol-rich purple potatoes lowered postprandial glycemia and insulinemia compared to yellow potatoes. Here, 17 healthy male volunteers consumed yellow potatoes with or without purple potato extract (PPE, extracted with water/ethanol/acetic acid) rich in acylated anthocyanins (152 mg) and other phenolics (140 mg) in a randomized cross-over trial. Ethanol-free PPE decreased the incremental area under the curve for glucose (p = 0.019) and insulin (p = 0.015) until 120 min after the meal, glucose at 20 min (p = 0.015) and 40 min (p = 0.004), and insulin at 20 min (p = 0.003), 40 min (p = 0.004) and 60 min (p = 0.005) after the meal. PPE affected some of the studied 90 inflammation markers after meal; for example insulin-like hormone FGF-19 levels were elevated at 240 min (p = 0.001). These results indicate that PPE alleviates postprandial glycemia and insulinemia, and affects postprandial inflammation.
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31
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Dietary Inflammatory Index and Risk of Breast Cancer Based on Hormone Receptor Status: A Case-Control Study in Korea. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11081949. [PMID: 31430979 PMCID: PMC6723443 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women globally, and the risk of developing breast cancer is associated with inflammation. The present study aimed to examine the association between the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII®) and breast cancer in Korean women and investigate whether the tumor’s hormone receptor status affects this association. In this case-control study, we enrolled 364 breast cancer patients and 364 age-matched controls. DII scores were calculated from dietary intake evaluated by a 106-item food frequency questionnaire. The DII score was significantly higher in cases than in controls. After adjusting for potential confounders, the odds ratio (OR) of breast cancer was higher in the highest DII tertile (OR = 3.68, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.34–5.80, p for trend < 0.0001) than in the lowest tertile. We found that higher DII scores were related to an increased risk of breast cancer for estrogen receptor (ER)+/progesterone receptor (PR)+ tumors regardless of menopausal status (OR = 2.59, 95% CI: 1.37–4.88 in the highest DII category, p for trend = 0.01 for premenopausal women; OR = 11.00, 95% CI: 2.93–41.30 in the highest DII category, p for trend = 0.0004 for postmenopausal women), but not for ER−/PR− status. Our results suggested that the DII scores are positively associated with breast cancer risk in Korean women and that this relationship is more robust in ER+/PR+ tumors.
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32
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Abstract
Focusing on daily nutrition is important for athletes to perform and adapt optimally to exercise training. The major roles of an athlete's daily diet are to supply the substrates needed to cover the energy demands for exercise, to ensure quick recovery between exercise bouts, to optimize adaptations to exercise training, and to stay healthy. The major energy substrates for exercising skeletal muscles are carbohydrate and fat stores. Optimizing the timing and type of energy intake and the amount of dietary macronutrients is essential to ensure peak training and competition performance, and these strategies play important roles in modulating skeletal muscle adaptations to endurance and resistance training. In this review, recent advances in nutritional strategies designed to optimize exercise-induced adaptations in skeletal muscle are discussed, with an emphasis on mechanistic approaches, by describing the physiological mechanisms that provide the basis for different nutrition regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Mæchel Fritzen
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; , ,
| | - Anne-Marie Lundsgaard
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; , ,
| | - Bente Kiens
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; , ,
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Adamska-Patruno E, Godzien J, Ciborowski M, Samczuk P, Bauer W, Siewko K, Gorska M, Barbas C, Kretowski A. The Type 2 Diabetes Susceptibility PROX1 Gene Variants Are Associated with Postprandial Plasma Metabolites Profile in Non-Diabetic Men. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11040882. [PMID: 31010169 PMCID: PMC6520869 DOI: 10.3390/nu11040882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The prospero homeobox 1 (PROX1) gene may show pleiotropic effects on metabolism. We evaluated postprandial metabolic alterations dependently on the rs340874 genotypes, and 28 non-diabetic men were divided into two groups: high-risk (HR)-genotype (CC-genotype carriers, n = 12, 35.3 ± 9.5 years old) and low-risk (LR)-genotype (allele T carriers, n = 16, 36.3 ± 7.0 years old). Subjects participated in two meal-challenge-tests with high-carbohydrate (HC, carbohydrates 89%) and normo-carbohydrate (NC, carbohydrates 45%) meal intake. Fasting and 30, 60, 120, and 180 min after meal intake plasma samples were fingerprinted by liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS). In HR-genotype men, the area under the curve (AUC) of acetylcarnitine levels was higher after the HC-meal [+92%, variable importance in the projection (VIP) = 2.88] and the NC-meal (+55%, VIP = 2.00) intake. After the NC-meal, the HR-risk genotype carriers presented lower AUCs of oxidized fatty acids (−81–66%, VIP = 1.43–3.16) and higher linoleic acid (+80%, VIP = 2.29), while after the HC-meal, they presented lower AUCs of ornithine (−45%, VIP = 1.83), sphingosine (−48%, VIP = 2.78), linoleamide (−45%, VIP = 1.51), and several lysophospholipids (−40–56%, VIP = 1.72–2.16). Moreover, lower AUC (−59%, VIP = 2.43) of taurocholate after the HC-meal and higher (+70%, VIP = 1.42) glycodeoxycholate levels after the NC-meal were observed. Our results revealed differences in postprandial metabolites from inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways, bile acids signaling, and lipid metabolism in PROX1 HR-genotype men. Further investigations of diet–genes interactions by which PROX1 may promote T2DM development are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Adamska-Patruno
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Joanna Godzien
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Michal Ciborowski
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Paulina Samczuk
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Witold Bauer
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Siewko
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Maria Gorska
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Coral Barbas
- Center for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Universidad CEU San Pablo, 28003 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Adam Kretowski
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland.
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland.
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Xiao D, Zhu L, Edirisinghe I, Fareed J, Brailovsky Y, Burton-Freeman B. Attenuation of Postmeal Metabolic Indices with Red Raspberries in Individuals at Risk for Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2019; 27:542-550. [PMID: 30767409 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effect of red raspberry intake on meal-induced postprandial metabolic responses in individuals who have overweight or obesity with prediabetes and insulin resistance (PreDM-IR), and in metabolically healthy individuals (Reference). METHODS Thirty-two adults (PreDM-IR, n = 21; Reference, n = 11) were randomized to a controlled, three-arm, single-blinded, crossover trial. Participants were provided 0 g of frozen red raspberries (Control), 125 g of frozen red raspberries (RR-125) (~1 cup), or 250 g of frozen red raspberries (RR-250) (~2 cups), with a challenge breakfast meal (high carbohydrate/moderate fat) on three separate days. Multiple blood samples were collected up to 8 hours post breakfast with a final blood sample at 24 hours. A snack was provided at 6 hours. RESULTS Breakfast containing RR-125 and RR-250 significantly reduced 2-hour insulin area under the curve, and RR-250 reduced peak insulin, peak glucose, and 2-hour glucose AUC compared with Control in the PreDM-IR group (P < 0.05). Postprandial triglycerides were significantly lower after RR-125 versus RR-250 (P = 0.01) but not different from Control (P > 0.05). No significant meal-related differences were observed for oxidative stress or inflammatory biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that red raspberries aid in postmeal glycemic control in individuals with PreDM-IR, reducing glycemic burden with less insulin, which may be related to improved tissue insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Xiao
- Center for Nutrition Research, Institution for Food Safety and Health, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Lanjun Zhu
- Center for Nutrition Research, Institution for Food Safety and Health, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Indika Edirisinghe
- Center for Nutrition Research, Institution for Food Safety and Health, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jawed Fareed
- Department of Pharmacology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Yevgeniy Brailovsky
- Department of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Britt Burton-Freeman
- Center for Nutrition Research, Institution for Food Safety and Health, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California, USA
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35
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Myette-Côté É, Durrer C, Neudorf H, Bammert TD, Botezelli JD, Johnson JD, DeSouza CA, Little JP. The effect of a short-term low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet with or without postmeal walks on glycemic control and inflammation in type 2 diabetes: a randomized trial. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2018; 315:R1210-R1219. [PMID: 30303707 PMCID: PMC6734060 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00240.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Lowering carbohydrate consumption effectively lowers glucose, but impacts on inflammation are unclear. The objectives of this study were to: 1) determine whether reducing hyperglycemia by following a low-carbohydrate, high-fat (LC) diet could lower markers of innate immune cell activation in type 2 diabetes (T2D) and 2) examine if the combination of an LC diet with strategically timed postmeal walking was superior to an LC diet alone. Participants with T2D ( n = 11) completed a randomized crossover study involving three 4-day diet interventions: 1) low-fat low-glycemic index (GL), 2) and 3) LC with 15-min postmeal walks (LC+Ex). Four-day mean glucose was significantly lower in the LC+Ex group as compared with LC (-5%, P < 0.05), whereas both LC+Ex (-16%, P < 0.001) and LC (-12%, P < 0.001) conditions were lower than GL. A significant main effect of time was observed for peripheral blood mononuclear cells phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase ( P < 0.001), with decreases in all three conditions (GL: -32%, LC: -45%, and LC+Ex: -44%). A significant condition by time interaction was observed for monocyte microparticles ( P = 0.040) with a significant decrease in GL (-76%, P = 0.035) and a tendency for a reduction in LC (-70%, P = 0.064), whereas there was no significant change in LC+Ex (0.5%, P = 0.990). Both LC (-27%, P = 0.001) and LC+Ex (-35%, P = 0.005) also led to significant reductions in circulating proinsulin. An LC diet improved 4-day glycemic control and fasting proinsulin levels when compared with GL, with added glucose-lowering benefits when LC was combined with postmeal walking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Étienne Myette-Côté
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Cody Durrer
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Helena Neudorf
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Tyler D Bammert
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado
| | - José Diego Botezelli
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC , Canada
| | - James D Johnson
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC , Canada
| | - Christopher A DeSouza
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado
| | - Jonathan P Little
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada
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Qiu RY, Wang JR, Parkin KL. Activity-guided isolation of phase II enzyme inducers from buckwheat flour methanolic extracts. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2018; 98:4911-4918. [PMID: 29569261 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Buckwheat is an important alternative crop and a raw material for functional food formulation. Phase II detoxification proteins/enzymes provide cytoprotective roles against oxidative stress and inflammation originating from various stressors. We aimed to identify and characterize potential phase II enzyme inducers from methanolic extracts of buckwheat flour, using an activity-guided fractionation based on the induction of quinone reductase (QR) (EC 1.6.5.2) in Hepa 1c1c7 cells. RESULTS We isolated the QR inducers N-trans-feruloyltyramine (I), syringic acid (II), quercetin (III) and myricetin (IV). The relative QR-inducing ability, as well as the concentration required to double QR specific activity (CD values, in parentheses), decreased in the order: quercetin (3.0 µmol L-1 ) > N-trans-feruloyltyramine (24 µmol L-1 ) > myricetin (58 µmol L-1 ) > syringic acid (5.4 mmol L-1 ). Quercetin and N-trans-feruloyltyramine exhibited the greatest extent of QR induction of an approximately four-fold maximum induction and these compounds also exhibited the greatest values for the ratio of IC50 (i.e. level to reduce viability by 50%): CD values of 11 and > 8.3, respectively, among the four QR inducers isolated. Isobologram analyses for binary combinations of compounds I-IV revealed primarily antagonistic interactions for QR induction. CONCLUSION These findings add to our understanding of the nutraceutical potential of buckwheat as a chemoprophylactic dietary component. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Ying Qiu
- College of Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jun-Ru Wang
- College of Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Kirk L Parkin
- Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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Sardu C, Pieretti G, D'Onofrio N, Ciccarelli F, Paolisso P, Passavanti MB, Marfella R, Cioffi M, Mone P, Dalise AM, Ferraraccio F, Panarese I, Gambardella A, Passariello N, Rizzo MR, Balestrieri ML, Nicoletti G, Barbieri M. Inflammatory Cytokines and SIRT1 Levels in Subcutaneous Abdominal Fat: Relationship With Cardiac Performance in Overweight Pre-diabetics Patients. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1030. [PMID: 30246793 PMCID: PMC6111758 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: In obese patients the superficial adipose tissue expresses cytokines, and sirtuins, that may affect myocardial function. In this study, we investigated the effect of metformin therapy added to a hypocaloric diet on the inflammatory pattern and cardiac performance (MPI) in obese patients with pre-diabetic condition. Materials and Methods: Fifty-eight obese patients that were enrolled for abdominoplastic surgery were divided into patients with pre-diabetic condition (n 40) and normo-glycemic patients (n18). Patients with pre-diabetic condition were randomly assigned to metformin therapy added to a hypocaloric diet (group 1, n 20) or to a hypocaloric diet therapy alone (group 2, n20). Patients with normo-glycemic condition were assigned to a hypocaloric diet therapy. Results: During enrollment, obese patients with a pre-diabetic condition (group 1 and 2) presented higher glucose values, lower values of insulin, and higher values of the homeostasis model for the assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) than obese patients with normo-glycemic condition(group 3). In addition, they had higher values of C Reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6 (IL6), and lower values of sirtuin 1(SIRT1). In the 12th month of the follow-up, metformin therapy induced in patients with pre-diabetic condition (group 1) a significant reduction of glucose values, HOMA-IR, and inflammatory markers such as CRP (1.04 ± 0.48 vs. 0.49 ± 0.02 mmol/L, p < 0.05), IL6 (4.22 ± 0.45 vs. 3.33 ± 0.34 pg/ml, p < 0.05), TNFα (6.95 ± 0.59 vs. 5.15 ± 0.44 pg/ml, p < 0.05), and Nitrotyrosine (5,214 ± 0,702 vs. 2,151 ± 0,351 nmol/l, p < 0.05). This was associated with a significant reduction of Intima-media thickness (1.01 ± 0.15 vs. 0.86 ± 0.15 mm, p < 0.05), Septum (14 ± 2.5 vs. 10.5 ± 2 mm, p < 0.05), Posterior wall (11 ± 1.5 vs. 8 ± 1 mm, p < 0.05), LV mass (192.5 ± 49.5 vs. 133.2 ± 37.6 g, p < 0.05) and of MPI (0.58 ± 0.03 vs. 0.38 ± 0.02, p < 0.05). At 12 months of follow-up, group 2 experienced only a reduction of cholesterol (4.15 ± 0.94 vs. 4.51 ± 0.88 mmol/L, p < 0.05) and triglycerides (1.71 ± 1.18 vs. 1.83 ± 0.54 mmol/L, p < 0.05). At 12 months of follow-up, group 3 experienced a significant reduction of inflammatory markers, and also of echographic parameters, associated with amelioration of myocardial performance. To date, IL6 expression was related to higher values of left ventricle mass (R-value 0.272, p-value 0.039), and to higher IMT (R-value 0.272, p-value 0.039), such as those observed for CRP (R-value 0.308, p-value 0.021), for glucose blood values (R-value 0.449, p-value 0.001), and for HOMA-IR (R-value 0.366, p-value 0.005). An inverse correlation was found between subcutaneous fat expression of SIRT1 and myocardial performance index (R-value-0.236, p-value 0.002). Conclusion: In obese patients with pre-diabetic condition a metformin therapy may reduce inflammation and oxidative stress, and this may be associated with the amelioration of the cardiac performance. Clinical research trial number: NCT03439592.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celestino Sardu
- Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic and Aging Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Gorizio Pieretti
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Nunzia D'Onofrio
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Feliciano Ciccarelli
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale Paolisso
- Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic and Aging Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria B. Passavanti
- Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic and Aging Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Marfella
- Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic and Aging Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Cioffi
- Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic and Aging Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale Mone
- Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic and Aging Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna M. Dalise
- Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic and Aging Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Franca Ferraraccio
- Department of Clinical, Public and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Iacopo Panarese
- Department of Clinical, Public and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Gambardella
- Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic and Aging Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Nicola Passariello
- Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic and Aging Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria R. Rizzo
- Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic and Aging Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria L. Balestrieri
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Nicoletti
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Michelangela Barbieri
- Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic and Aging Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
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Alayón AN, Rivadeneira AP, Herrera C, Guzmán H, Arellano D, Echeverri I. Metabolic and inflammatory postprandial effect of a highly saturated fat meal and its relationship to abdominal obesity. BIOMEDICA : REVISTA DEL INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE SALUD 2018; 38:93-100. [PMID: 29874712 DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.v38i0.3911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The postprandial stage is associated with the increase of markers related to cardiovascular risk, and its intensity depends on the metabolic state. Objective: To determine the impact of a high-fat meal intake on the metabolic and inflammatory profile, and its relationship to abdominal obesity. Materials and methods: This clinical trial included 42 individuals (21 with abdominal obesity). We measured glucose, insulin, lipid profile, reactive C protein, lipopolysaccharides, and interleukin 6 in fasting blood, and four hours after eating. Results: Besides obesity, we found insulin resistance and higher levels of fasting triacylglycerides and C-reactive protein. There were higher postprandial responses to glucose, insulin, and triacylglycerides. Interleukin 6 decreased in the non-obese group, and lipopolysaccharides increased in both groups. Conclusions: A saturated high-fat food intake produced a greater impact on the glycemic variables in the group with obesity, while it affected the lipids in both groups. However, the increase of triacylglycerides was higher in the presence of a high basal concentration, and it promoted the increase of lipopolysaccharides. The basal and postprandial inflammatory state affected the group with obesity more. The postprandial moment reflected the most frequent state of the individuals on a normal day and evidenced the capacity of the metabolic response to food intake, as well as early metabolic risk states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Norma Alayón
- Grupo de Nutrición, Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia Grupo de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de San Buenaventura, Cartagena, Colombia.
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Gene Expression, Oxidative Stress, and Senescence of Primary Coronary Endothelial Cells Exposed to Postprandial Serum of Healthy Adult and Elderly Volunteers after Oven-Cooked Meat Meals. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2017:3868545. [PMID: 29379227 PMCID: PMC5742900 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3868545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have linked high consumption of meat with major age-related diseases including cardiovascular diseases. Abnormal postprandial increases in plasma lipids after a meat meal have been hypothesized among the pathogenetic mechanisms. However, it is still unknown if the postprandial serum derived after a normal meat meal is able to affect endothelial function, and if the type of meat and the age of the donors are critical factors. Here, we show the effects of postprandial sera derived from healthy adults and elderly volunteers who consumed meat meals on human coronary artery endothelial cell (HCAEC) oxidative stress, gene expression, DNA damage, and cellular senescence. We observed that a single exposure to postprandial serum induces a slight increase in ROS that is associated with modulation of gene expression pathways related to oxidative stress response and metabolism. The postprandial-induced increase in ROS is not associated with a measurable DNA oxidative damage. However, repeated exposure to postprandial serum induces an acceleration of cellular senescence. Taking into account the deleterious role of cellular senescence in age-related vascular diseases, the results suggest a new mechanism by which excessive meat consumption and time spent in postprandial state may affect health status during aging.
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Chusak C, Thilavech T, Henry CJ, Adisakwattana S. Acute effect of Clitoria ternatea flower beverage on glycemic response and antioxidant capacity in healthy subjects: a randomized crossover trial. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 18:6. [PMID: 29310631 PMCID: PMC5759795 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-2075-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Clitoria ternatea L., a natural food-colorant containing anthocyanin, demonstrated antioxidant and antihyperglycemic activity. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of Clitoria ternatea flower extract (CTE) on postprandial plasma glycemia response and antioxidant status in healthy men. Methods In a randomized, crossover study, 15 healthy men (ages 22.53 ± 0.30 years; with body mass index of 21.57 ± 0.54 kg/m2) consumed five beverages: (1) 50 g sucrose in 400 mL water; (2) 1 g CTE in 400 mL of water; (3) 2 g CTE in 400 mL of water; (4) 50 g sucrose and 1 g CTE in 400 mL of water; and (5) 50 g sucrose and 2 g CTE in 400 mL of water. Incremental postprandial plasma glucose, insulin, uric acid, antioxidant capacities and lipid peroxidation were measured during 3 h of administration. Results After 30 min ingestion, the postprandial plasma glucose and insulin levels were suppressed when consuming sucrose plus 1 g and 2 g CTE. In addition, consumption of CTE alone did not alter plasma glucose and insulin concentration in the fasting state. The significant increase in plasma antioxidant capacity (ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), and protein thiol) and the decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) level were observed in the subjects who received 1 g and 2 g CTE. Furthermore, consumption of CTE protected sucrose-induced reduction in ORAC and TEAC and increase in plasma MDA. Conclusions These findings suggest that an acute ingestion of CTE increases plasma antioxidant capacity without hypoglycemia in the fasting state. It also improves postprandial glucose, insulin and antioxidant status when consumed with sucrose. Trial registration Thai Clinical Trials Registry: TCTR20170609003. Registered 09 September 2017. ‘retrospectively registered’.
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Osborne AJ, Dearden PK. A 'phenotypic hangover': the predictive adaptive response and multigenerational effects of altered nutrition on the transcriptome of Drosophila melanogaster. ENVIRONMENTAL EPIGENETICS 2017; 3:dvx019. [PMID: 29492318 PMCID: PMC5804559 DOI: 10.1093/eep/dvx019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease hypothesis predicts that early-life environmental exposures can be detrimental to later-life health and that mismatch between the pre- and post-natal environment may contribute to the growing non-communicable disease epidemic. Within this is an increasingly recognized role for epigenetic mechanisms; for example, epigenetic modifications can be influenced by nutrition and can alter gene expression in mothers and offspring. Currently, there are few whole-genome transcriptional studies of response to nutritional alteration. Thus, we sought to explore how nutrition affects the expression of genes involved in epigenetic processes in Drosophila melanogaster. We manipulated Drosophila food macronutrient composition at the F0 generation, mismatched F1 offspring back to a standard diet and analysed the transcriptome of the F0-F3 generations by RNA sequencing. At F0, the altered (high-protein, low-carbohydrate) diet increased expression of genes classified as having roles in epigenetic processes, with co-ordinated down-regulation of genes involved in immunity, neurotransmission and neurodevelopment, oxidative stress and metabolism. Upon reversion to standard nutrition, mismatched F1 and F2 generations displayed multigenerational inheritance of altered gene expression. By the F3 generation, gene expression had reverted to F0 (matched) levels. These nutritionally induced gene expression changes demonstrate that dietary alterations can up-regulate epigenetic genes, which may influence the expression of genes with broad biological functions. Furthermore, the multigenerational inheritance of the gene expression changes in F1 and F2 mismatched generations suggests a predictive adaptive response to maternal nutrition, aiding the understanding of the interaction between maternal diet and offspring health, with direct implications for the current non-communicable disease epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy J Osborne
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Correspondence address. Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. Tel: +64 3 364 2555; E-mail:
| | - Peter K Dearden
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Duval C, Rouillier MA, Rabasa-Lhoret R, Karelis AD. High Intensity Exercise: Can It Protect You from A Fast Food Diet? Nutrients 2017; 9:E943. [PMID: 28846611 PMCID: PMC5622703 DOI: 10.3390/nu9090943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the ability of high intensity exercise to counteract the deleterious effects of a fast food diet on the cardiometabolic profile of young healthy men. Fifteen men were subjected to an exclusive fast food diet from a popular fast food restaurant chain (three extra value meals/day + optional snack) for 14 consecutive days. Simultaneously, participants were asked to perform each day high intensity interval training (HIIT) (15 × 60 sec sprint intervals (~90% of maximal heart rate)) on a treadmill. Fast food diet and energy expenditure profiles of the participants during the intervention were assessed as well as body composition (DXA), cardiometabolic profile (lipid, hepatic enzymes, glycated hemoglobin, glucose, insulin, hsC-reactive protein (hsCRP) and blood pressure) and estimated maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max) pre- and post-experiment. We found significant improvements for fat mass, lean body mass, estimated VO₂ max, fasting glucose, serum lipoprotein(a) and hsCRP after the intervention (p < 0.05). HDL-cholesterol significantly decreased (p < 0.002), but the triglycerides/HDL-cholesterol ratio did not change. All other cardiometabolic variables measured remained stable, which includes the primary outcome: the HOMA index (pre: 1.83 ± 1.2 vs. post: 1.54 ± 0.7 values; p = 0.35). In conclusion, in large part, insulin resistance and the cardiometabolic profile of young healthy individuals seems to be protected by HIIT from a fast food diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Duval
- Department of Exercise Science, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada.
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3W 1W5, Canada.
| | - Marc-Antoine Rouillier
- Department of Exercise Science, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada.
| | - Rémi Rabasa-Lhoret
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada.
- Department of Nutrition, University de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1A8, Canada.
| | - Antony D Karelis
- Department of Exercise Science, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada.
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3W 1W5, Canada.
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Saha SK, Lee SB, Won J, Choi HY, Kim K, Yang GM, Dayem AA, Cho SG. Correlation between Oxidative Stress, Nutrition, and Cancer Initiation. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1544. [PMID: 28714931 PMCID: PMC5536032 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inadequate or excessive nutrient consumption leads to oxidative stress, which may disrupt oxidative homeostasis, activate a cascade of molecular pathways, and alter the metabolic status of various tissues. Several foods and consumption patterns have been associated with various cancers and approximately 30-35% of the cancer cases are correlated with overnutrition or malnutrition. However, several contradictory studies are available regarding the association between diet and cancer risk, which remains to be elucidated. Concurrently, oxidative stress is a crucial factor for cancer progression and therapy. Nutritional oxidative stress may be induced by an imbalance between antioxidant defense and pro-oxidant load due to inadequate or excess nutrient supply. Oxidative stress is a physiological state where high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and free radicals are generated. Several signaling pathways associated with carcinogenesis can additionally control ROS generation and regulate ROS downstream mechanisms, which could have potential implications in anticancer research. Cancer initiation may be modulated by the nutrition-mediated elevation in ROS levels, which can stimulate cancer initiation by triggering DNA mutations, damage, and pro-oncogenic signaling. Therefore, in this review, we have provided an overview of the relationship between nutrition, oxidative stress, and cancer initiation, and evaluated the impact of nutrient-mediated regulation of antioxidant capability against cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subbroto Kumar Saha
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Incurable Disease Animal Model & Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Soo Bin Lee
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Incurable Disease Animal Model & Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Jihye Won
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Incurable Disease Animal Model & Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Hye Yeon Choi
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Incurable Disease Animal Model & Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Kyeongseok Kim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Incurable Disease Animal Model & Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Gwang-Mo Yang
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Incurable Disease Animal Model & Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Ahmed Abdal Dayem
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Incurable Disease Animal Model & Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Ssang-Goo Cho
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Incurable Disease Animal Model & Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Oxidative stress describes an imbalance between production and degradation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can damage macromolecules. However, ROS may also serve as signaling molecules activating cellular pathways involved in cell proliferation and adaptation. This review describes alterations in metabolic diseases including obesity, insulin resistance, and/or diabetes mellitus as well as responses to acute and chronic physical exercise. RECENT FINDINGS Chronic upregulation of oxidative stress associates with the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (T2D). While single bouts of exercise can transiently induce oxidative stress, chronic exercise promotes favorable oxidative adaptations with improvements in muscle mitochondrial biogenesis and glucose uptake. Although impaired antioxidant defense fails to scavenge ROS in metabolic diseases, chronic exercising can restore this abnormality. The different metabolic effects are likely due to variability of reactive species and discrepancies in temporal (acute vs. chronic) and local (subcellular distribution) patterns of production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Pesta
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Munich, Neuherberg, Germany.
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, c/o Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Wan ES, Li Y, Lao T, Qiu W, Jiang Z, Mancini JD, Owen CA, Clish C, DeMeo DL, Silverman EK, Zhou X. Metabolomic profiling in a Hedgehog Interacting Protein (Hhip) murine model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2504. [PMID: 28566717 PMCID: PMC5451406 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02701-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic variants annotated to the hedgehog interacting protein (HHIP) are robustly associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Hhip haploinsufficiency in mice leads to increased susceptibility towards the development of emphysema following exposure to chronic cigarette smoke (CS). To explore the molecular pathways which contribute to increased susceptibility, we performed metabolomic profiling using high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectroscopy (LC/MS-MS) on plasma, urine, and lung tissue of Hhip+/− heterozygotes and wild type (Hhip+/+) C57/BL6 mice exposed to either room-air or CS for six months. Univariate comparisons between groups were made with a combined fold change ≥2 and Student’s t-test p-value < 0.05 to denote significance; associations with mean alveolar chord length (MACL), a quantitative measure of emphysema, and gene-by-environment interactions were examined using empiric Bayes-mediated linear models. Decreased urinary excretion of cotinine despite comparable plasma levels was observed in Hhip+/− heterozygotes; a strong gene-by-smoking association was also observed. Correlations between MACL and markers of oxidative stress such as urinary methionine sulfoxide were observed in Hhip+/− but not in Hhip+/+ mice. Metabolite set enrichment analyses suggest reduced antioxidant capacity and alterations in macronutrient metabolism contribute to increased susceptibility to chronic CS-induced oxidative stress in Hhip haploinsufficiency states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily S Wan
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. .,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. .,Pulmonary Section, VA Boston Healthcare System, Jamaica Plain, MA, USA.
| | - Yan Li
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Taotao Lao
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Weiliang Qiu
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhiqiang Jiang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John D Mancini
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Caroline A Owen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | | | - Dawn L DeMeo
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edwin K Silverman
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Emerson SR, Kurti SP, Harms CA, Haub MD, Melgarejo T, Logan C, Rosenkranz SK. Magnitude and Timing of the Postprandial Inflammatory Response to a High-Fat Meal in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review. Adv Nutr 2017; 8:213-225. [PMID: 28298267 PMCID: PMC5347112 DOI: 10.3945/an.116.014431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Research findings over the past several decades have shown that inflammation is a prominent feature of many chronic diseases, with poor diet being one likely inflammatory stimulus. Specifically, a single high-fat meal (HFM) has been suggested to increase inflammation, although there is currently no consensus with regard to the specific changes in many of the proinflammatory markers that are frequently assessed after an HFM. The aim of this systematic review was to objectively describe the postprandial timing and magnitude of changes in 5 common inflammatory markers: interleukin (IL) 6, C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α, IL-1β, and IL-8. Ten relevant databases were searched, yielding 494 results, of which 47 articles met the pre-established inclusion criteria: 1) healthy men and women aged 18-60 y, 2) consuming a single HFM (≥30% fat, ≥500 kcal), and 3) assessing relevant inflammatory markers postmeal for ≥2 h. The only marker found to consistently change in the postprandial period was IL-6: on average, from a baseline of ∼1.4 pg/mL, it peaked at ∼2.9 pg/mL ∼6 h post-HFM (an average relative change of ∼100%). CRP, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-8 did not change significantly in 79% (23 of 29), 68% (19 of 28), 67% (2 of 3), and 75% (3 of 4) of included studies, respectively. We conclude that there is strong evidence that CRP and TNF-α are not responsive at the usual time scale observed in postprandial studies in healthy humans younger than age 60 y. However, future research should further investigate the role of IL-6 in the postprandial period, because it routinely increases even in healthy participants. We assert that the findings of this systematic review on markers of inflammation in the postprandial period will considerably aid in informing future research and advancing clinical knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam R Emerson
- Departments of Food, Nutrition, Dietetics, and Health and .,Physical Activity and Nutrition Clinical Research Consortium, and
| | - Stephanie P Kurti
- Kinesiology,,Physical Activity and Nutrition Clinical Research Consortium, and
| | - Craig A Harms
- Kinesiology,,Physical Activity and Nutrition Clinical Research Consortium, and
| | - Mark D Haub
- Departments of Food, Nutrition, Dietetics, and Health and,Physical Activity and Nutrition Clinical Research Consortium, and
| | | | - Cindy Logan
- Academic Services, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - Sara K Rosenkranz
- Departments of Food, Nutrition, Dietetics, and Health and,Physical Activity and Nutrition Clinical Research Consortium, and
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47
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Sompong W, Muangngam N, Kongpatpharnich A, Manacharoenlarp C, Amorworasin C, Suantawee T, Thilavech T, Adisakwattana S. The inhibitory activity of herbal medicines on the keys enzymes and steps related to carbohydrate and lipid digestion. Altern Ther Health Med 2016; 16:439. [PMID: 27814716 PMCID: PMC5097378 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1424-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and overweight are consistently associated with metabolic disorders including hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. Herbal medicines have been currently suggested as an alternative source of potentially useful antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic, antioxidant activities. The objective of this study was to assess the in vitro inhibitory effects of eleven herbal medicines on carbohydrate and lipid digestive enzymes and the key steps of lipid digestion including the inhibition of micelle formation and the ability to bind bile acid. In addition, antioxidant activity of herbal medicines was also investigated. METHODS α-Glucosidase, pancreatic α-amylase, pancreatic lipase, and pancreatic cholesterol esterase inhibitory activities of aqueous extract of herbal medicines were measured using the enzymatic colorimetric assay. The formation of cholesterol micelles was determined using the cholesterol assay kit. The bile acid binding was measured using the colorimetric assay. Antioxidant activities were assessed by using four methods including Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), oxygen radical absorbance capacity ORAC), superoxide radical scavenging activity (SRSA), and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity (HRSA). RESULTS The extracts (1 mg/mL) markedly inhibited intestinal maltase (5.16 - 44.33 %), sucrase (1.25-45.86 %), pancreatic α-amylase (1.75-12.53 %), pancreatic lipase (21.42-85.93 %), and pancreatic cholesterol esterase (2.92-53.35 %). The results showed that all extracts exhibited the inhibitory activity against pancreatic lipase with the IC50 values ranging from 0.015 to 4.259 mg/mL. In addition, the incorporation of cholesterol into micelles was inhibited by the extracts (6.64-33.74 %). The extracts also bound glycodeoxycholic acid (9.9-15.08 %), taurodeoxycholic acid (12.55-18.18 %), and taurocholic acid (11.91 - 18.4 %). Furthermore, the extracts possessed various antioxidant activities including the TEAC values (0.50 - 4.70 μmol trolox/mg dried extract), the ORAC values (9.14-44.41 μmol trolox/mg dried extract), the SRSA (0.31 - 18.82 mg trolox/mg dried extract), and the HRSA (0.05-2.29 mg trolox/mg dried extract). The findings indicated that Syzygium aromaticum, Phyllanthus amarus, Thunbergia laurifolia were the effective promising antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic agents. Statistical analysis demonstrated strong positive significant correlations between the contents of phenolic compounds and % inhibition of pancreatic lipase (r = 0.885, p < 0.001), % inhibition of pancreatic cholesterol esterase (r = 0.761, p < 0.001), and the TEAC value (r = 0.840, p < 0.001). Furthermore, there was a strongly positive correlation between the TEAC value and % inhibition of pancreatic cholesterol esterase (r = 0.851, p < 0.001) and % inhibition of pancreatic lipase (r = 0.755, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Three herbal medicines including Syzygium aromaticum, Thunbergia laurifolia, and Phyllanthus amarus markedly inhibited the intestinal α-glucosidase, pancreatic α-amylase, pancreatic lipase, and pancreatic cholesterol esterase. They also reduced formation of cholesterol micelle and bound bile acid. The findings indicate that these herbal medicines might be a promising agent for antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic, and antioxidant activities.
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48
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Ramli NS, Ismail P, Rahmat A. Red pitaya juice supplementation ameliorates energy balance homeostasis by modulating obesity-related genes in high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome rats. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 16:243. [PMID: 27456968 PMCID: PMC4960886 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1200-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Red pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) or known as buah naga merah in Malay belongs to the cactus family, Cactaceae. Red pitaya has been shown to give protection against liver damage and may reduce the stiffness of the heart. Besides, the beneficial effects of red pitaya against obesity have been reported; however, the mechanism of this protection is not clear. Therefore, in the present study, we have investigated the red pitaya-targeted genes in obesity using high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome rat model. METHODS A total of four groups were tested: corn-starch (CS), corn-starch + red pitaya juice (CRP), high-carbohydrate, high-fat (HCHF) and high-carbohydrate, high-fat + red pitaya juice (HRP). The intervention with 5 % red pitaya juice was continued for 8 weeks after 8 weeks initiation of the diet. Retroperitoneal, epididymal and omental fat pads were collected and weighed. Plasma concentration of IL-6 and TNF-α were measured using commercial kits. Gene expression analysis was conducted using RNA extracted from liver samples. A total of eighty-four genes related to obesity were analyzed using PCR array. RESULTS The rats fed HCHF-diet for 16 weeks increased body weight, developed excess abdominal fat deposition and down-regulated the expression level of IL-1α, IL-1r1, and Cntfr as compared to the control group. Supplementation of red pitaya juice for 8 weeks increased omental and epididymal fat but no change in retroperitoneal fat was observed. Red pitaya juice reversed the changes in energy balance homeostasis in liver tissues by regulation of the expression levels of Pomc and Insr. The increased protein expression levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in HCHF group and red pitaya treated rats confirmed the results of gene expression. CONCLUSION Collectively, this study revealed the usefulness of this diet-induced rat model and the beneficial effects of red pitaya on energy balance homeostasis by modulating the anorectic, orexigenic and energy expenditure related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Shazini Ramli
- Department of Food Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400 Malaysia
| | - Patimah Ismail
- Department of Biomedical Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400 Malaysia
| | - Asmah Rahmat
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400 Malaysia
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49
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Cazeau RM, Rauch L, Huang H, Bauer JA, Hoffman RP. Increased Pre- and Post-Meal Free Fatty Acid Levels in Black, Obese Adolescents. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2016; 14:340-6. [PMID: 27419255 DOI: 10.1089/met.2015.0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Black adolescents are at increased risk of cardiometabolic disease but have lower fasting triglyceride, which is usually associated with decreased risk. No one has studied racial differences in triglycerides or free fatty acids (FFAs) after a high-fat meal. METHODS Oral glucose tolerance testing was used to assess insulin secretion, sensitivity, and disposition index (DI). Endothelial function, triglycerides, FFA, c-reactive protein, interleukin 6 (IL6), and adiponectin were measured both pre- and 3 hr postprandially (McDonald's Big Breakfast(®) and 12 ounce Sprite(®)) in obese adolescents (10-13 years, 9 black and 7 white). Endothelial function was assessed using reactive hyperemic changes in forearm vascular resistance (FVR). RESULTS Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) showed no difference in insulin sensitivity, but blacks tended to have (P = 0.08) higher insulin secretion and had increased DI (P = 0.003). After a high-fat meal, triglycerides increased in both groups (P < 0.001), tended to be lower in blacks compared with whites preprandially (64 ± 33 mg/dL vs 110 ± 80, P = 0.064), and was lower postprandially (112 ± 63 vs 188 ± 112, P = 0.039). Pre- and postprandial FFA (Black: 0.58 ± 0.15 and 0.39 ± 0.18 vs. white: 0.44 ± 0.14 and 0.26 ± 0.06, P = 0.020) and adiponectin (P = 0.002) were increased in blacks. FFA decreased in both groups postprandially (P = 0.002). IL6 increased after the meal (P = 0.022). Endothelial function decreased postprandially (P < 0.02), but this was due to a decrease in preocclusion FVR. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that differences in fat metabolism are present in both black and white obese adolescents. How these differences explain higher rates of cardiometabolic disease in blacks is unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel-Marie Cazeau
- 1 Section of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Nationwide Children's Hospital , Columbus, Ohio.,2 Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, the Clinical Research Center of The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Public Health , Columbus, Ohio
| | - Lindsey Rauch
- 1 Section of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Nationwide Children's Hospital , Columbus, Ohio.,2 Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, the Clinical Research Center of The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Public Health , Columbus, Ohio
| | - Hong Huang
- 3 Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky
| | - John A Bauer
- 3 Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Robert P Hoffman
- 1 Section of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Nationwide Children's Hospital , Columbus, Ohio.,2 Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, the Clinical Research Center of The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Public Health , Columbus, Ohio.,4 Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital , Columbus, Ohio
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50
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Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is characterized by a gradual decline in insulin secretion in response to nutrient loads; hence, it is primarily a disorder of postprandial glucose regulation. However, physicians continue to rely on fasting plasma glucose and glycated hemoglobin to guide management. There is a linear relationship between the risk of cardiovascular death and the 2-h oral glucose tolerance test, while a study confirms postprandial hyperglycemia as independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes. At the same time, several studies show that postprandial hypertriglyceridemia may also be a cardiovascular risk factor. Interestingly, the simultaneous presence of postprandial hyperglycemia and postprandial hypertriglyceridemia has an additive effect in worsening endothelial function and inflammation. Evidence supports the hypothesis glucose postprandial hyperglycemia and hypertriglyceridemia may favor the appearance of the cardiovascular disease through the generation of an oxidative stress. Furthermore, clinical data suggest that postprandial hyperglycemia is a common phenomenon even in patients who may be considered in "good metabolic control". Therefore, physicians should consider monitoring and targeting postprandial plasma glucose, as well as glycated hemoglobin and fasting plasma glucose, in patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Ceriello
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), C/ Rosselló, 149-153, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigacion Biomèdica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabolicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Stefano Genovese
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Multimedica, Sesto San Giovanni, Milan, Italy
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