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Welch BM, Bommarito PA, Cantonwine DE, Milne GL, Motsinger-Reif A, Edin ML, Zeldin DC, Meeker JD, McElrath TF, Ferguson KK. Predictors of upstream inflammation and oxidative stress pathways during early pregnancy. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 213:222-232. [PMID: 38262546 PMCID: PMC10922808 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation and oxidative stress are critical to pregnancy, but most human study has focused on downstream, non-causal indicators. Oxylipins are lipid mediators of inflammation and oxidative stress that act through many biological pathways. Our aim was to characterize predictors of circulating oxylipin concentrations based on maternal characteristics. METHODS Our study was conducted among 901 singleton pregnancies in the LIFECODES Fetal Growth Study, a nested case-cohort with recruitment from 2007 to 2018. We measured a targeted panel of oxylipins in early pregnancy plasma and urine samples from several biosynthetic pathways, defined by the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) precursor and enzyme group. We evaluated levels across predictors, including characteristics of participants' pregnancy, socioeconomic determinants, and obstetric and medical history. RESULTS Current pregnancy and sociodemographic characteristics were the most important predictors of circulating oxylipins concentrations. Plasma oxylipins were lower and urinary oxylipins higher for participants with a later gestational age at sampling (13-23 weeks), higher prepregnancy BMI (obesity class I, II, or III), Black or Hispanic race and ethnicity, and lower socioeconomic status (younger age, lower education, and uninsured). For example, compared to those with normal or underweight prepregnancy BMI, participants with class III prepregnancy obesity had 45-46% lower plasma epoxy-eicosatrienoic acids, the anti-inflammatory oxylipins produced from arachidonic acid (AA) by cytochrome P450, and had 81% higher urinary 15-series F2-isoprostanes, an indicator of oxidative stress produced from non-enzymatic AA oxidation. Similarly, in urine, Black participants had 92% higher prostaglandin E2 metabolite, a pro-inflammatory oxylipin, and 41% higher 5-series F2-isoprostane, an oxidative stress indicator. CONCLUSIONS In this large pregnancy study, we found that circulating levels of oxylipins were different for participants of lower socioeconomic status or of a systematically marginalized racial and ethnic groups. Given associations differed along biosynthetic pathways, results provide insight into etiologic links between maternal predictors and inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barrett M Welch
- School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Reno, USA; Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), USA
| | - Paige A Bommarito
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), USA
| | - David E Cantonwine
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, USA
| | - Ginger L Milne
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, USA
| | - Alison Motsinger-Reif
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, USA
| | - Matthew L Edin
- Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, USA
| | - Darryl C Zeldin
- Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, USA
| | - John D Meeker
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, USA
| | - Thomas F McElrath
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, USA
| | - Kelly K Ferguson
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), USA.
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2
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Snoek KM, van de Woestijne N, Ritfeld VEEG, Klaassen RA, Versendaal H, Galjaard S, Willemsen SP, Laven JSE, Steegers-Theunissen RPM, Schoenmakers S. Preconception maternal gastric bypass surgery and the impact on fetal growth parameters. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2024; 20:128-137. [PMID: 37805294 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2023.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bariatric surgery is increasingly performed in women of reproductive age. As bariatric surgery will result in postoperative rapid catabolic weight loss which potentially leads to fetal malnutrition and directly related impaired intra-uterine growth, it is advised to postpone pregnancy for at least 12-18 months after surgery. OBJECTIVES To investigate the consequences of preconception gastric bypass surgery (pGB) on fetal growth parameters and maternal pregnancy outcome. SETTING Maasstad Hospital, The Netherlands, general hospital and Erasmus Medical Center, The Netherlands, university hospital. METHODS We included 97 pGB pregnancies (Maasstad hospital) and 440 non-bariatric pregnancies (Rotterdam Periconception cohort, Erasmus Medical Center). Longitudinal second and third trimester fetal growth parameters (head circumference, biparietal diameter, femur length, abdominal circumference, estimated fetal weight) were analyzed using linear mixed models, adjusting for covariates and possible confounders. Fetal growth and birthweight in pGB pregnancies were compared to non-bariatric pregnancies and Dutch reference curves. Maternal pregnancy outcome in the pGB group was compared to non-bariatric pregnancies. RESULTS All fetal growth parameters of pGB pregnancies were significantly decreased at 20 weeks' gestation (P < .001) and throughout the remaining part of pregnancy (P < .05) compared with non-bariatric pregnancies (crude and adjusted models). In our cohort, gestational weight gain was not significantly associated with birthweight corrected for gestational age. Birthweight was significantly lower in pGB pregnancies (estimate -241 grams [95% CI, -342.7 to -140.0]) with a 2-fold increased risk of small-for-gestational-age (SGA) (adjusted odds ratio 2.053 [95% CI, 1.058 to 3.872]). Compared to the non-bariatric pregnancies, we found no significant differences in maternal pregnancy outcome. CONCLUSIONS PGB is associated with overall reduced fetal growth trajectories and a 2-fold increased risk of SGA, without significant adverse consequences for maternal pregnancy outcome. We recommend close monitoring of fetal growth after pGB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katinka M Snoek
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nadia van de Woestijne
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - René A Klaassen
- Department of Surgery, Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Versendaal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Galjaard
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sten P Willemsen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Biostatistics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joop S E Laven
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Sam Schoenmakers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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3
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Zhao L, Chang Q, Cong Z, Zhang Y, Liu Z, Zhao Y. Effects of dietary polyphenols on maternal and fetal outcomes in maternal diabetes. Food Funct 2023; 14:8692-8710. [PMID: 37724008 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo02048g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
The incidences of short-term or long-term adverse maternal and fetal outcomes caused by maternal diabetes are increasing. Due to toxicity or side effects, economic pressures, and other problems associated with injections or oral hypoglycemic drugs, many researchers have investigated natural treatment methods. Polyphenols can protect against chronic pathologies by regulating numerous physiological processes and provide many health benefits. Moreover, polyphenols have anti-diabetic properties and can be used to treat diabetic complications. Diets rich in polyphenols are beneficial to pregnant women with diabetes. Here, we review the epidemiological and experimental evidence on the impact of dietary polyphenols on maternal and fetal outcomes in pregnant women with diabetes, and the effects of polyphenols on biological changes and possible mechanisms. Previous data (mainly from in vitro and animal experiments) showed that polyphenols can alleviate gestational diabetes mellitus and diabetic embryopathy by reducing maternal hyperglycemia and insulin resistance, alleviating inflammation and oxidative stress, and regulating related signaling pathways. Although polyphenols have shown many health benefits, further research is needed to better understand the complex interactions between polyphenols and maternal diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhao
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Qing Chang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhangzhao Cong
- Department of Teaching Affairs, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yalin Zhang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Zhuxi Liu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Yuhong Zhao
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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4
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Miturski A, Gęca T, Stupak A, Kwaśniewski W, Semczuk-Sikora A. Influence of Pre-Pregnancy Obesity on Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism with Selected Adipokines in the Maternal and Fetal Compartment. Nutrients 2023; 15:2130. [PMID: 37432262 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A higher body mass index (BMI) before pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of maternal and perinatal complications. This study aimed to analyze selected parameters of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, including adipokines, in obese pre-pregnant women, and their influence on the birth weight of newborns. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study group (O) consisted of 34 pregnant women with higher BMI (obese) before pregnancy. The control group (C) was 27 pregnant women with target BMI and physiological pregnancy. The BMI index: body weight [kg]/(height [m]2 was assessed on the first obstetrical visit. The research material was the serum of pregnant women collected in the third trimester of pregnancy and umbilical cord blood collected immediately after delivery. Selected parameters of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and adipokines were determined. RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences between the study group and the control group concerning the concentrations of insulin, glucose, VLDL, adiponectin, TNF-α, HOMA-IR, as well as LDH and cholesterol in maternal blood serum and umbilical cord blood serum. Total cholesterol and HDL in both maternal blood serum and umbilical cord blood were statistically significantly lower than those in the control group. The concentration of triglycerides (TG) and resistin in the blood serum of obese mothers were higher than those in the control group (p < 0.05). However, no statistically significant differences were found between the two groups regarding the concentrations of TG and resistin in the umbilical cord blood. The concentration of LDL cholesterol in the umbilical blood serum in the obese group was statistically significantly lower than that in the control group. The concentration of leptin in maternal blood serum and umbilical cord blood serum in the study group was statistically significantly higher than that in the control group. CONCLUSIONS Pregestational obesity does not substantially affect the basic parameters of carbohydrate metabolism in pregnant women, but it disturbs the lipid profile, which is manifested by a significant increase in triglycerides and a decrease in the level of HDL cholesterol in the serum. Preexisting obesity increases the concentration of leptin and resistin in the serum of pregnant women, which may be caused by the increased volume of adipose tissue. The concentrations of leptin and resistin in the blood of pregnant women correlate positively, and the concentrations of adiponectin and TNF-α negatively correlate with pre-pregnancy BMI values. There is a positive correlation between the concentration of leptin in the serum of umbilical cord blood and the birth weight of the newborn, which suggests that this parameter contributes to the pathomechanism of macrosomia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Miturski
- Department of Gynaecology, 1st Clinical Military Hospital in Lublin, Al. Racławickie 23, 20-049 Lublin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Gęca
- Chair and Department of Obstetrics and Pathology of Pregnancy, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 16 Street, 20-081 Lublin, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Stupak
- Chair and Department of Obstetrics and Pathology of Pregnancy, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 16 Street, 20-081 Lublin, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kwaśniewski
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Gynecology, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 16 Street, 20-081 Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Semczuk-Sikora
- Chair and Department of Obstetrics and Pathology of Pregnancy, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 16 Street, 20-081 Lublin, Poland
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5
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de Oliveira Andrade F, Verma V, Hilakivi-Clarke L. Maternal obesity and resistance to breast cancer treatments among offspring: Link to gut dysbiosis. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2022; 5:e1752. [PMID: 36411524 PMCID: PMC9780430 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND About 50 000 new cases of cancer in the United States are attributed to obesity. The adverse effects of obesity on breast cancer may be most profound when affecting the early development; that is, in the womb of a pregnant obese mother. Maternal obesity has several long-lasting adverse health effects on the offspring, including increasing offspring's breast cancer risk and mortality. Gut microbiota is a player in obesity as well as may impact breast carcinogenesis. Gut microbiota is established early in life and the microbial composition of an infant's gut becomes permanently dysregulated because of maternal obesity. Metabolites from the microbiota, especially short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), play a critical role in mediating the effect of gut bacteria on multiple biological functions, such as immune system, including tumor immune responses. RECENT FINDINGS Maternal obesity can pre-program daughter's breast cancer to be more aggressive, less responsive to treatments and consequently more likely to cause breast cancer related death. Maternal obesity may also induce poor response to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICB) therapy through increased abundance of inflammation associated microbiome and decreased abundance of bacteria that are linked to production of SCFAs. Dietary interventions that increase the abundance of bacteria producing SCFAs potentially reverses offspring's resistance to breast cancer therapy. CONCLUSION Since immunotherapies have emerged as highly effective treatments for many cancers, albeit there is an urgent need to enlarge the patient population who will be responsive to these treatments. One of the factors which may cause ICB refractoriness could be maternal obesity, based on its effects on the microbiota markers of ICB therapy response among the offspring. Since about 40% of children are born to obese mothers in the Western societies, it is important to determine if maternal obesity impairs offspring's response to cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vivek Verma
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota, USA
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6
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Jazwiec PA, Patterson VS, Ribeiro TA, Yeo E, Kennedy KM, Mathias PCF, Petrik JJ, Sloboda DM. Paternal obesity induces placental hypoxia and sex-specific impairments in placental vascularization and offspring metabolism. Biol Reprod 2022; 107:574-589. [PMID: 35377412 PMCID: PMC9382389 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioac066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Paternal obesity predisposes offspring to metabolic dysfunction, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We investigated whether this metabolic dysfunction is associated with changes in placental vascular development and is fueled by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated changes in fetal hepatic development. We also determined whether paternal obesity indirectly affects the in utero environment by disrupting maternal metabolic adaptations to pregnancy. Male mice fed a standard chow or high fat diet (60%kcal fat) for 8–10 weeks were time-mated with female mice to generate pregnancies and offspring. Glucose tolerance was evaluated in dams at mid-gestation (embryonic day (E) 14.5) and late gestation (E18.5). Hypoxia, angiogenesis, endocrine function, macronutrient transport, and ER stress markers were evaluated in E14.5 and E18.5 placentae and/or fetal livers. Maternal glucose tolerance was assessed at E14.5 and E18.5. Metabolic parameters were assessed in offspring at ~60 days of age. Paternal obesity did not alter maternal glucose tolerance but induced placental hypoxia and altered placental angiogenic markers, with the most pronounced effects in female placentae. Paternal obesity increased ER stress-related protein levels (ATF6 and PERK) in the fetal liver and altered hepatic expression of gluconeogenic factors at E18.5. Offspring of obese fathers were glucose intolerant and had impaired whole-body energy metabolism, with more pronounced effects in female offspring. Metabolic deficits in offspring due to paternal obesity may be mediated by sex-specific changes in placental vessel structure and integrity that contribute to placental hypoxia and may lead to poor fetal oxygenation and impairments in fetal metabolic signaling pathways in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja A Jazwiec
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Violet S Patterson
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Tatiane A Ribeiro
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton L8S 4L8, Canada.,Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton L8S 4L8, Canada.,Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Paraná 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Erica Yeo
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton L8S 4L8, Canada.,Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Katherine M Kennedy
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton L8S 4L8, Canada.,Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Paulo C F Mathias
- Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Paraná 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Jim J Petrik
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Deborah M Sloboda
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton L8S 4L8, Canada.,Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton L8S 4L8, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton L8S 4L8, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton L8S 4L8, Canada
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7
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Tocantins C, Diniz MS, Grilo LF, Pereira SP. The birth of cardiac disease: Mechanisms linking gestational diabetes mellitus and early onset of cardiovascular disease in offspring. WIREs Mech Dis 2022; 14:e1555. [PMID: 35304833 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the biggest killer worldwide, composing a major economic burden for health care systems. Obesity and diabetes are dual epidemics on the rise and major risk factors predisposing for CVD. Increased obesity- and diabetes-related incidence is now observed among children, adolescents, and young adults. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most common metabolic pregnancy disorder, and its prevalence is rapidly increasing. During pregnancies complicated by GDM, the offspring are exposed to a compromised intrauterine environment characterized by hyperglycemic periods. Unfavorable in utero conditions at critical periods of fetal cardiac development can produce developmental adaptations that remodel the cardiovascular system in a way that can contribute to adult-onset of heart disease due to the programming during fetal life. Epidemiological studies have reported increased cardiovascular complications among GDM-descendants, highlighting the urgent need to investigate and understand the mechanisms modulated during fetal development of in utero GDM-exposed offspring that predispose an individual to increased CVD during life. In this manuscript, we overview previous studies in this area and gather evidence linking GDM and CVD development in the offspring, providing new insights on novel mechanisms contributing to offspring CVD programming by GDM, from the role of maternal-fetal interactions to their impact on fetal cardiovascular development, how the perpetuation of cardiac programming is maintained in postnatal life, and advance the intergenerational implications contributing to increased CVD premature origin. Understanding the perpetuation of CVD can be the first step to manage and reverse this leading cause of morbidity and mortality. This article is categorized under: Reproductive System Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology Cardiovascular Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology Metabolic Diseases > Genetics/Genomics/Epigenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Tocantins
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB-Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mariana S Diniz
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB-Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luís F Grilo
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB-Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,PhD Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB), Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Susana P Pereira
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB-Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LametEx), Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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8
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Vitamin D Deficiency, Excessive Gestational Weight Gain, and Oxidative Stress Predict Small for Gestational Age Newborns Using an Artificial Neural Network Model. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030574. [PMID: 35326224 PMCID: PMC8944993 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Size at birth is an important early determinant of health later in life. The prevalence of small for gestational age (SGA) newborns is high worldwide and may be associated with maternal nutritional and metabolic factors. Thus, estimation of fetal growth is warranted. (2) Methods: In this work, we developed an artificial neural network (ANN) model based on first-trimester maternal body fat composition, biochemical and oxidative stress biomarkers, and gestational weight gain (GWG) to predict an SGA newborn in pregnancies with or without obesity. A sensibility analysis to classify maternal features was conducted, and a simulator based on the ANN algorithm was constructed to predict the SGA outcome. Several predictions were performed by varying the most critical maternal features attained by the model to obtain different scenarios leading to SGA. (3) Results: The ANN model showed good performance between the actual and simulated data (R2 = 0.938) and an AUROC of 0.8 on an independent dataset. The top-five maternal predictors in the first trimester were protein and lipid oxidation biomarkers (carbonylated proteins and malondialdehyde), GWG, vitamin D, and total antioxidant capacity. Finally, excessive GWG and redox imbalance predicted SGA newborns in the implemented simulator. Significantly, vitamin D deficiency also predicted simulated SGA independently of GWG or redox status. (4) Conclusions: The study provided a computational model for the early prediction of SGA, in addition to a promising simulator that facilitates hypothesis-driven constructions, to be further validated as an application.
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9
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Prioreschi A, Koethe JR, Aronoff DM, Goldstein JA, Norris SA. Relationships between adiposity distribution and metabolic health in preconception women in South Africa. Obes Sci Pract 2022; 8:500-509. [PMID: 35949276 PMCID: PMC9358758 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Adipose tissue is a central regulator of metabolic health and a contributor to systemic inflammation. Patterns of adiposity deposition are important to understand for optimizing health. This study aimed to asses relationships between adiposity deposition and metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers in South African women prior to conception. Methods Non‐pregnant, healthy women (n = 298) were recruited for this cross‐sectional study via home visits. Body composition was measured by Dual X‐ray Absorptiometry. Inflammation markers C‐reactive protein (CRP), alpha1‐acid glycoprotein (AGP), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and blood pressure were scored according to risk. A summative metabolic health risk score was created for women with obesity. Generalized regression models assessed relationships between adiposity deposition and outcomes with adjustment for potential confounders. Results Obesity was present in 22% of women (mean age = 20.93 years). Fat mass index was associated with inflammation and metabolic health risk (β = 0.58; p < 0.01). Visceral fat, trunk:limb ratio, android:gynoid ratio, body mass index, weight, and waist circumference were positively associated with CRP, AGP, and metabolic health risk (p < 0.01). Weight was associated with Hba1c (β < 0.01; p < 0.05). Participants with obesity and low metabolic health risk had lower fat mass index and visceral fat than participants with obesity and higher metabolic health risk. Conclusions Black South African women accumulated excess adipose tissue in abdominal regions. While fat mass and body mass were associated with inflammation and metabolic health risk, women with obesity and with lower fat mass index and lower visceral adipose tissue were metabolically protected. Identification of women at risk for metabolic disease preconception could help ensure future healthy pregnancies and prevent transference of risk to offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Prioreschi
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit Department of Paediatrics Faculty of Health Sciences School of Clinical Medicine University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa
| | - John R. Koethe
- Division of Infectious Diseases Department of Medicine Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville Tennessee USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Global Health Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville Tennessee USA
| | - David M. Aronoff
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit Department of Paediatrics Faculty of Health Sciences School of Clinical Medicine University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa
- Division of Infectious Diseases Department of Medicine Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville Tennessee USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville Tennessee USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville Tennessee USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Goldstein
- Department of Pathology Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University Chicago Illinois USA
| | - Shane A. Norris
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit Department of Paediatrics Faculty of Health Sciences School of Clinical Medicine University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa
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10
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Du H, Sun Y, Zhang Y, Wang S, Zhu H, Chen S, Pan H. Interaction of PM 2.5 and pre-pregnancy body mass index on birth weight: A nationwide prospective cohort study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:963827. [PMID: 35957820 PMCID: PMC9360486 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.963827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fine particulate matter (PM2.5), one of the most common air pollutants worldwide, has been associated with many adverse birth outcomes in some studies. Pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) is an important indicator of maternal obesity that may also contribute to a wide range of birthweight outcomes. Both PM2.5 and maternal obesity have been found associated with issues on neonatal birthweight respectively, and more attentions and interests are focusing on their combined effect on pregnancy outcomes. PURPOSE To explore the modifying effect of pre-pregnancy BMI on the association between gestational PM2.5 and birthweight; to investigate the interactive effect between gestational PM2.5 and pre-pregnancy BMI on birthweight among pregnant women during three trimesters and the whole pregnancy. METHODS This nationwide cohort study used the National Free Preconception Health Examination Project (NFPHEP) data collected from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2012. A total population of 248,501 Chinese women from 220 counties registered this project. Pre-pregnancy BMI as a common anthropometric examination was collected during preconception investigation, and gestational PM2.5 was derived from a hindcast model for historical PM2.5 estimation from satellite-retrieved aerosol optic depth. Subgroup analysis was conducted to explore a potential modifying effect on the association between PM2.5 and birthweight during pregnancy by four pre-pregnancy BMI subgroups. Interaction analysis by introducing product terms to multivariable linear regression was also used to examine whether there was an interactive relationship between PM2.5 and pre-pregnancy BMI. RESULTS Totally, 193,461 participants were included in our study. The average concentration of PM2.5 was 75.33 μg/m3. Higher exposure of PM2.5 during the entire pregnancy was associated with higher birthweight (17.15 g per 10 μg/m3; 95% CI:16.15, 18.17). Each 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 during the first, second, and third trimesters was associated with increases in birthweight by 14.93 g (95%CI: 13.96, 15.89), 13.75 g (95% CI: 12.81, 14.69), and 8.79 g (95% CI: 8.09, 9.49), respectively. Higher pre-pregnancy BMI per kg/m2 was associated with an increase of birthweight by 7.012 g (95% CI: 6.121, 7.902). Product terms between PM2.5 and pre-pregnancy BMI were significant for the first, second trimesters, and the entire duration of pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS Our results found both gestational PM2.5 exposure and pre-pregnancy BMI respectively correlated with the increase of birthweight. A negative interaction between pre-pregnancy BMI and gestational PM2.5 was discovered in term of birthweight gain. Avoidance of high-dose exposure to PM2.5 during the early and middle stages of pregnancy and pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity may help prevent high birthweight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanze Du
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Translation Medicine Centre, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxin Sun
- Eight-Year Program of Clinical Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuelun Zhang
- Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shirui Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Translation Medicine Centre, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huijuan Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Translation Medicine Centre, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shi Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Translation Medicine Centre, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Shi Chen, ; Hui Pan,
| | - Hui Pan
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Shi Chen, ; Hui Pan,
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11
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Untargeted metabolomics reveals sex-specific differences in lipid metabolism of adult rats exposed to dexamethasone in utero. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20342. [PMID: 34645877 PMCID: PMC8514544 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99598-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal stress through glucocorticoid (GC) exposure leads to an increased risk of developing diseases such as cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome and hypertension in adulthood. We have previously shown that administration of the synthetic glucocorticoid, dexamethasone (Dex), to pregnant Wistar-Kyoto dams produces offspring with elevated blood pressures and disrupted circadian rhythm signaling. Given the link between stress, circadian rhythms and metabolism, we performed an untargeted metabolomic screen on the livers of offspring to assess potential changes induced by prenatal Dex exposure. This metabolomic analysis highlighted 18 significantly dysregulated metabolites in females and 12 in males. Pathway analysis using MetaboAnalyst 4.0 highlighted key pathway-level metabolic differences: glycerophospholipid metabolism, purine metabolism and glutathione metabolism. Gene expression analysis revealed significant upregulation of several lipid metabolism genes in females while males showed no dysregulation. Triglyceride concentrations were also found to be significantly elevated in female offspring exposed to Dex in utero, which may contribute to lipid metabolism activation. This study is the first to conduct an untargeted metabolic profile of liver from GC exposed offspring. Corroborating metabolic, gene expression and lipid profiling results demonstrates significant sex-specific lipid metabolic differences underlying the programming of hepatic metabolism.
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12
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Antony KM, Romezi M, Lindgren K, Mitchell KB, Venable SF, Racusin DA, Suter MA, Aagaard KM. Maternal Metabolic Biomarkers are Associated with Obesity and Excess Gestational Weight Gain. Am J Perinatol 2021; 38:e173-e181. [PMID: 32232816 PMCID: PMC8630982 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1708855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the independent contribution of maternal obesity and gestational weight gain (GWG) in excess of the Institute of Medicine's guidelines on levels of maternal serum inflammatory and metabolic measures. STUDY DESIGN Banked maternal serum samples from 120 subjects with documented prepregnancy or first trimester body mass index (BMI) were utilized for analyte analyses. Validated, BMI-specific formulas were utilized to categorize GWG as either insufficient, at goal or excess based on the Institute of Medicine guidelines with gestational age adjustments. Serum was analyzed for known inflammatory or metabolic pathway intermediates using the Luminex xMap system with the MILLIPLEX Human Metabolic Hormone Magnetic Bead Panel. Measured analytes included interleukin-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and tumor necrosis factor-α and metabolic markers amylin, c-peptide, ghrelin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide, glucagon-like peptide-1, glucagon, insulin, leptin, pancreatic polypeptide, and peptide YY. Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA and Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated for each marker. RESULTS C-peptide, insulin, and leptin all varied significantly with both obesity and GWG while glucagon-like peptide-1 varied by BMI but not GWG. These analytes covaried with other metabolic analytes, but not with inflammatory analytes. CONCLUSION Maternal metabolic biomarkers at delivery vary significantly with both obesity and GWG. Taken together, these findings suggest that GWG (with and without comorbid obesity) is an important mediator of measurable metabolites in pregnancy but is not necessarily accompanied by inflammatory measures in serum. These findings are consistent with GWG being an independent risk factor for metabolic disturbances during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M. Antony
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Mona Romezi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Kourtnee Lindgren
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Kristen B. Mitchell
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Susan F. Venable
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Diana A. Racusin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Melissa A. Suter
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Kjersti M. Aagaard
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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13
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Olmos-Ortiz A, Flores-Espinosa P, Díaz L, Velázquez P, Ramírez-Isarraraz C, Zaga-Clavellina V. Immunoendocrine Dysregulation during Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: The Central Role of the Placenta. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8087. [PMID: 34360849 PMCID: PMC8348825 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a transitory metabolic condition caused by dysregulation triggered by intolerance to carbohydrates, dysfunction of beta-pancreatic and endothelial cells, and insulin resistance during pregnancy. However, this disease includes not only changes related to metabolic distress but also placental immunoendocrine adaptations, resulting in harmful effects to the mother and fetus. In this review, we focus on the placenta as an immuno-endocrine organ that can recognize and respond to the hyperglycemic environment. It synthesizes diverse chemicals that play a role in inflammation, innate defense, endocrine response, oxidative stress, and angiogenesis, all associated with different perinatal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Olmos-Ortiz
- Departamento de Inmunobioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes (INPer), Ciudad de México 11000, Mexico; (A.O.-O.); (P.F.-E.)
| | - Pilar Flores-Espinosa
- Departamento de Inmunobioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes (INPer), Ciudad de México 11000, Mexico; (A.O.-O.); (P.F.-E.)
| | - Lorenza Díaz
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico;
| | - Pilar Velázquez
- Departamento de Ginecología y Obstetricia, Hospital Ángeles México, Ciudad de México 11800, Mexico;
| | - Carlos Ramírez-Isarraraz
- Clínica de Urología Ginecológica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes (INPer), Ciudad de México 11000, Mexico;
| | - Verónica Zaga-Clavellina
- Departamento de Fisiología y Desarrollo Celular, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes (INPer), Ciudad de México 11000, Mexico
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14
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Takaya J. Calcium-Deficiency during Pregnancy Affects Insulin Resistance in Offspring. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137008. [PMID: 34209784 PMCID: PMC8268058 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Prenatal malnutrition is known to affect the phenotype of the offspring through changes in epigenetic regulation. Growing evidence suggests that epigenetics is one of the mechanisms by which nutrients and minerals affect metabolic traits. Although the perinatal period is the time of highest phenotypic plasticity, which contributes largely to developmental programming, there is evidence of nutritional influence on epigenetic regulation during adulthood. Calcium (Ca) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance syndrome. Cortisol, the most important glucocorticoid, is considered to lead to insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-1 is a key enzyme that catalyzes the intracellular conversion of cortisone to physiologically active cortisol. This brief review aims to identify the effects of Ca deficiency during pregnancy and/or lactation on insulin resistance in the offspring. Those findings demonstrate that maternal Ca deficiency during pregnancy may affect the epigenetic regulation of gene expression and thereby induce different metabolic phenotypes. We aim to address the need for Ca during pregnancy and propose the scaling-up of clinical and public health approaches that improved pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junji Takaya
- Department of Pediatrics, Kawachi General Hospital, 1-31 Yokomakura, Higashi-Osaka 578-0954, Osaka, Japan
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15
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Sex-Biased lncRNA Signature in Fetal Growth Restriction (FGR). Cells 2021; 10:cells10040921. [PMID: 33923632 PMCID: PMC8072961 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired fetal growth is one of the most important causes of prematurity, stillbirth and infant mortality. The pathogenesis of idiopathic fetal growth restriction (FGR) is poorly understood but is thought to be multifactorial and comprise a range of genetic causes. This research aimed to investigate non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the placentas of male and female fetuses affected by FGR. RNA-Seq data were analyzed to detect lncRNAs, their potential target genes and circular RNAs (circRNAs); a differential analysis was also performed. The multilevel bioinformatic analysis enabled the detection of 23,137 placental lncRNAs and 4263 of them were classified as novel. In FGR-affected female fetuses’ placentas (ff-FGR), among 19 transcriptionally active regions (TARs), five differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELs) and 12 differentially expressed protein-coding genes (DEGs) were identified. Within 232 differentially expressed TARs identified in male fetuses (mf-FGR), 33 encompassed novel and 176 known lncRNAs, and 52 DEGs were upregulated, while 180 revealed decreased expression. In ff-FGR ACTA2-AS1, lncRNA expression was significantly correlated with five DEGs, and in mf-FGR, 25 TARs were associated with DELs correlated with 157 unique DEGs. Backsplicing circRNA processes were detected in the range of H19 lncRNA, in both ff- and mf-FGR placentas. The performed global lncRNAs characteristics in terms of fetal sex showed dysregulation of DELs, DEGs and circRNAs that may affect fetus growth and pregnancy outcomes. In female placentas, DELs and DEGs were associated mainly with the vasculature, while in male placentas, disturbed expression predominantly affected immune processes.
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16
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Cui D, Yang W, Shao P, Li J, Wang P, Leng J, Wang S, Liu E, Chan JC, Yu Z, Hu G, Yang X. Interactions between Prepregnancy Overweight and Passive Smoking for Macrosomia and Large for Gestational Age in Chinese Pregnant Women. Obes Facts 2021; 14:520-530. [PMID: 34419951 PMCID: PMC8546448 DOI: 10.1159/000517846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous analysis showed that passive smoking and overweight were associated with an increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in a synergistic manner, while GDM increased the risk of macrosomia/large for gestational age (LGA). This study aimed to examine any interactive effects between passive smoking and overweight/obesity on risk of macrosomia/LGA. METHODS From 2010 to 2012, 22,302 pregnant women registered for pregnancy at a primary hospital in Tianjin, China. Data were collected longitudinally; that is, from their first antenatal care visit, at the glucose challenge test (GCT) time (24-28 weeks of gestation) and at delivery. Passive smoking was self-reported. Macrosomia was defined as birth weight ≥4,000 g. Binary logistic regression was used to obtain odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Additive interaction was used to test the synergistic effect. RESULTS Passive smokers accounted for 57.4% of women (n = 8,230). Using nonpassive smoking and prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) <24.0 kg/m2 as the reference, the adjusted ORs of overweight alone and passive smoking alone for macrosomia were 2.39 (95% CI: 2.11-2.71) and 1.17 (95% CI: 1.04-1.32). Copresence of passive smoking and prepregnancy BMI ≥24.0 kg/m2 increased the OR to 2.70 (95% CI: 2.28-3.20), with a significant additive interaction. After further adjustment for GDM or GCT, the OR of copresence of both risk factors was slightly attenuated to 2.52 (2.13-3.00) and 2.51 (2.11-2.98), with significant additive interaction. However, the additive interaction between prepregnancy overweight/obesity and passive smoking for LGA was nonsignificant. CONCLUSIONS Prepregnancy overweight/obesity was associated with an increased risk of macrosomia in Chinese women synergistically with passive smoking during pregnancy, and most of the association was not modified by hyperglycemia during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingyu Cui
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wen Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ping Shao
- Project Office, Tianjin Women and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Project Office, Tianjin Women and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Junhong Leng
- Department of Child Health, Tianjin Women and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Project Office, Tianjin Women and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Enqing Liu
- Department of Child Health, Tianjin Women and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Juliana C.N. Chan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity and The Chinese University of Hong Kong-Prince of Wales Hospital-International Diabetes Federation Centre of Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhijie Yu
- Population Cancer Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Gang Hu
- Chronic Disease Epidemiology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Xilin Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
- *Xilin Yang,
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17
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Tharmalingam S, Khurana S, Murray A, Lamothe J, Tai TC. Whole transcriptome analysis of adrenal glands from prenatal glucocorticoid programmed hypertensive rodents. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18755. [PMID: 33127986 PMCID: PMC7603342 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75652-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal glucocorticoid exposure is associated with the development of hypertension in adults. We have previously demonstrated that antenatal dexamethosone (DEX) administration in Wistar-Kyoto dams results in offspring with increased blood pressure coupled with elevated plasma epinephrine levels. In order to elucidate the molecular mechanisms responsible for prenatal DEX-mediated programming of hypertension, a whole-transcriptome analysis was performed on DEX programmed WKY male adrenal glands using the Rat Gene 2.0 microarray. Differential gene expression (DEG) analysis of DEX-exposed offspring compared with saline-treated controls revealed 142 significant DEGs (109 upregulated and 33 downregulated genes). DEG pathway enrichment analysis demonstrated that genes involved in circadian rhythm signaling were most robustly dysregulated. RT-qPCR analysis confirmed the increased expression of circadian genes Bmal1 and Npas2, while Per2, Per3, Cry2 and Bhlhe41 were significantly downregulated. In contrast, gene expression profiling of Spontaneously Hypertensive (SHR) rats, a genetic model of hypertension, demonstrated decreased expression of Bmal1 and Npas2, while Per1, Per2, Per3, Cry1, Cry2, Bhlhe41 and Csnk1D were all upregulated compared to naïve WKY controls. Taken together, this study establishes that glucocorticoid programmed adrenals have impaired circadian signaling and that changes in adrenal circadian rhythm may be an underlying molecular mechanism responsible for the development of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujeenthar Tharmalingam
- Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Rd, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6, Canada.,Department of Biology, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6, Canada.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6, Canada.,Biomolecular Sciences Program, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6, Canada.,Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2H2, Canada
| | - Sandhya Khurana
- Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Rd, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - Alyssa Murray
- Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Rd, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6, Canada.,Department of Biology, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - Jeremy Lamothe
- Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Rd, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6, Canada.,Biomolecular Sciences Program, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - T C Tai
- Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Rd, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6, Canada. .,Department of Biology, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6, Canada. .,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6, Canada. .,Biomolecular Sciences Program, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6, Canada.
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18
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Alberca RW, Pereira NZ, Oliveira LMDS, Gozzi-Silva SC, Sato MN. Pregnancy, Viral Infection, and COVID-19. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1672. [PMID: 32733490 PMCID: PMC7358375 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy comprises a unique immunological condition, to allow fetal development and to protect the host from pathogenic infections. Viral infections during pregnancy can disrupt immunological tolerance and may generate deleterious effects on the fetus. Despite these possible links between pregnancy and infection-induced morbidity, it is unclear how pregnancy interferes with maternal response to some viral pathogens. In this context, the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) can induce the coronavirus diseases-2019 (COVID-19) in pregnant women. The potential risk of vertical transmission is unclear, babies born from COVID-19-positive mothers seems to have no serious clinical symptoms, the possible mechanisms are discussed, which highlights that checking the children's outcome and more research is warranted. In this review, we investigate the reports concerning viral infections and COVID-19 during pregnancy, to establish a correlation and possible implications of COVID-19 during pregnancy and neonatal's health.
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MESH Headings
- Betacoronavirus
- COVID-19
- Child, Preschool
- Coronavirus Infections/blood
- Coronavirus Infections/immunology
- Coronavirus Infections/transmission
- Coronavirus Infections/virology
- Cytokines/blood
- Female
- Fetal Development/immunology
- Humans
- Infant
- Infant, Newborn
- Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical
- Mothers
- Pandemics
- Pneumonia, Viral/blood
- Pneumonia, Viral/immunology
- Pneumonia, Viral/transmission
- Pneumonia, Viral/virology
- Pregnancy
- Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/blood
- Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/immunology
- Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/virology
- SARS-CoV-2
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Wesley Alberca
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies, LIM-56, Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine and Institute of Tropical Medicine of São Paulo, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nátalli Zanete Pereira
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies, LIM-56, Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine and Institute of Tropical Medicine of São Paulo, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luanda Mara Da Silva Oliveira
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies, LIM-56, Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine and Institute of Tropical Medicine of São Paulo, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Notomi Sato
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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De La Chesnaye E, Manuel-Apolinar L, Damasio L, Castrejón E, López-Ballesteros R, Revilla-Monsalve MC, Méndez JP. The gonadal expression pattern of lipocalin‑2 and 24p3 receptor is modified in the gonads of the offspring of obese rats. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:1409-1419. [PMID: 32627017 PMCID: PMC7339820 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity represents a global health and economic burden, affecting millions of individuals worldwide. This pathology is associated with a chronic low-grade inflammatory state that is partially responsible for the development of other cardiometabolic complications. Clinical studies have reported an association between high circulating levels of lipocalin-2 (Lcn2) and increased body weight. Additionally, there is scientific evidence demonstrating the impact of maternal obesity on fetal programming. The latter and the fact that the authors previously found that Lcn2 and its receptor (24p3R) are expressed in the gonads of wild-type rats, led to the analysis of their mRNA profile and cellular localization in gonads collected from the offspring of obese rats at 21 days postconception (dpc), and 0, 2, 4, 6, 12, 20 and 30 days postnatal (dpn) in the present study. Semi-quantitative PCR revealed a statistically significant downregulation of Lcn2 and 24p3R mRNA at 21 dpc in the ovaries (P<0.01) and testicles (P<0.001) of the offspring of obese mothers. At 30 dpn, the relative expression of Lcn2 mRNA decreased significantly in the ovaries of the experimental group (P<0.05), while Lcn2 mRNA expression was not detectable in testicles. Regarding 24p3R, its mRNA was only significantly decreased at 21 dpc in ovaries of pups of obese mothers. At 30 dpn, the change in females was not significant. Conversely, in testicles, 24p3R mRNA levels increased slightly in the experimental group at 30 dpn. The Lcn2 protein signal was less intense in gonadal tissue sections from 30 dpn offspring of obese rats (P<0.001), whereas the 24p3R signal was downregulated in ovaries (P<0.001) and slightly upregulated in testicles. It was concluded that maternal obesity changes the expression of Lcn2 and 24p3R in the gonads of the offspring of obese rats, possibly through fetal programming. The consequences of this dysregulation for the offspring's gonadal function remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa De La Chesnaye
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Research Unit, Mexican Social Security Institute, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Leticia Manuel-Apolinar
- Endocrine Research Unit, National Medical Center, Mexican Social Security Institute, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Leticia Damasio
- Endocrine Research Unit, National Medical Center, Mexican Social Security Institute, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Edgar Castrejón
- Department of Biochemistry Diagnostics, Faculty of Higher Education, Cuautitlán Izcalli Campus, National Autonomous University of Mexico, State of Mexico 54714, Mexico
| | - Rebeca López-Ballesteros
- Department of Biochemistry Diagnostics, Faculty of Higher Education, Cuautitlán Izcalli Campus, National Autonomous University of Mexico, State of Mexico 54714, Mexico
| | | | - Juan Pablo Méndez
- Peripheral Obesity Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 14000, Mexico
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20
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Fatima N, Rana S. Metabolic implications of circadian disruption. Pflugers Arch 2020; 472:513-526. [PMID: 32363530 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-020-02381-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are generated by the circadian clock, a self-sustained internal timing system that exhibits 24-h rhythms in the body. In mammals, circadian rhythms are driven by a central clock located in suprachiasmatic nucleus and various peripheral clocks located in different tissues and organs of the body. Many cellular, behavioral, and physiological processes are regulated by the circadian clock in coordination with environmental cues. The process of metabolism is also under circadian regulation. Loss of synchronization between the internal clock and environmental zeitgebers results in disruption of the circadian rhythms that seriously impacts metabolic homeostasis leading to changed eating behavior, altered glucose and lipid metabolism, and weight gain. This in turn augments the risk of having various cardio-metabolic disorders such as obesity, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease. This review sheds light on circadian rhythms and their role in metabolism with the identification of gaps in the current knowledge that remain to be explored in these fields. In this review, the molecular mechanisms underlying circadian rhythms have been elaborated first. Then, the focus has been kept on explaining the physiological significance of circadian rhythms in regulating metabolism. Finally, the implications for metabolism when these rhythms are disrupted due to genetic mutations or social and occupational needs enforced by modern lifestyle have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narjis Fatima
- Molecular Biology and Human Genetics Laboratory, Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research (PCMD), International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Rana
- Molecular Biology and Human Genetics Laboratory, Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research (PCMD), International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
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21
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Davidson CQ, Tharmalingam S, Niccoli S, Nemec-Bakk A, Khurana S, Murray A, Tai TC, Boreham DR, Khaper N, Lees SJ. Dose threshold for radiation induced fetal programming in a mouse model at 4 months of age: Hepatic expression of genes and proteins involved in glucose metabolism and glucose uptake in brown adipose tissue. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231650. [PMID: 32315370 PMCID: PMC7173787 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to ionizing radiation contributing to negative health outcomes is a widespread concern. However, the impact of low dose and sub-lethal dose radiation (SLDR) exposures remain contentious, particularly in pregnant women who represent a vulnerable group. The fetal programming hypothesis states that an adverse in utero environment or stress during development of an embryo or fetus can result in permanent physiologic changes often resulting in progressive metabolic dysfunction with age. To assess changes in gene expression profiles of glucose/insulin signaling and lipid metabolism caused by radiation exposure in utero, pregnant C57Bl/6J mice were irradiated using a dose response ranging from low dose to SLDR and compared to a Sham-irradiated group. mRNA expression analysis in 16 week old offspring (n = 84) revealed that genes involved in metabolic function including glucose metabolism, insulin signaling and lipid metabolism were unaffected by prenatal radiation exposures up to 300 mGy. However, female offspring of dams exposed to 1000 mGy had upregulated expression of genes contributing to insulin resistance and gluconeogenesis. In a second cohort of mice, the effects of SLDR on fetal programming of hepatic SOCS3 and PEPCK protein expression were assessed. 4 month old female offspring of dams irradiated at 1000 mGy had: 1) increased liver weights, 2) increased hepatic expression of proteins involved in glucose metabolism and 3) increased 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake in interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT) measured by positron emission tomography (PET) (n = 25). The results of this study indicate that prenatal radiation exposure does not affect metabolic function up to 300 mGy and 1000 mGy may be a threshold dose for sex-specific alterations in glucose uptake and hepatic gene and protein expression of SOCS3, PEPCK, PPARGC1A and PPARGC1B. These findings suggest that SLDR doses alter glucose uptake in IBAT and hepatic gene and protein expression of offspring and these changes may progress with age.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sujeenthar Tharmalingam
- Division of Medical Sciences, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah Niccoli
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ashley Nemec-Bakk
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sandhya Khurana
- Division of Medical Sciences, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alyssa Murray
- Division of Medical Sciences, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - T. C. Tai
- Division of Medical Sciences, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Douglas R. Boreham
- Division of Medical Sciences, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Neelam Khaper
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Medical Sciences, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Simon J. Lees
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Medical Sciences, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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22
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Chen YL, Han LL, Shi XL, Su WJ, Liu W, Wang LY, Huang PY, Lin MZ, Song HQ, Li XJ. Adverse pregnancy outcomes on the risk of overweight offspring: a population-based retrospective study in Xiamen, China. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1549. [PMID: 32005877 PMCID: PMC6994466 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58423-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth trajectory of Chinese preschoolers still remains unclear. Our objective was to determine whether there was an association between adverse pregnancy outcomes and overweight offspring. We analyzed population-based retrospective cohort data from the Medical Birth Registry of Xiamen, which comprised 33,157 children examined from 1 to 6 years of age. Longitudinal analyses were used to evaluate the growth trajectories of offspring body mass index (BMI). Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the effects of two adverse pregnancy outcomes, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and being large-for-gestational age (LGA), on childhood overweight. Offspring of mothers with GDM and LGA has a higher annual BMI z-score from 1 to 6 years of age (all P < 0.05). But, a higher annual BMI z-score was only observed in children aged 1-5 years in models 1-3. Overall BMI z-score of offspring aged 1-6 who were born to mothers with GDM and LGA were also higher in models 1-3 (all P < 0.05). Additionally, offspring of mothers with GDM and LGA had a higher risk for overweight in model 1, from 1 to 6 years of age (odds ratio (OR), 1.814; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.657-1.985; P < 0.0001). However, this association was attenuated after adjusting for maternal pre-pregnancy BMI (OR, 1.270; 95% CI, 0.961-1.679; P = 0.0930). Offspring of mothers with GDM and LGA had a higher BMI z-score and increased risk for overweight. Indeed, intrauterine exposure to maternal GDM and LGA could bias offspring to overweight, whereas maternal pre-pregnancy BMI may play a key role in offspring overweight for children born to mothers with GDM and LGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Ling Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Li-Li Han
- Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiu-Lin Shi
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wei-Juan Su
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Li-Ying Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Pei-Ying Huang
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ming-Zhu Lin
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hai-Qu Song
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xue-Jun Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
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23
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Zhu Z, Cao F, Li X. Epigenetic Programming and Fetal Metabolic Programming. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:764. [PMID: 31849831 PMCID: PMC6901800 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal metabolic programming caused by the adverse intrauterine environment can induce metabolic syndrome in adult offspring. Adverse intrauterine environment introduces fetal long-term relatively irreversible changes in organs and metabolism, and thus causes fetal metabolic programming leading metabolic syndrome in adult offspring. Fetal metabolic programming of obesity and insulin resistance plays a key role in this process. The mechanism of fetal metabolic programming is still not very clear. It is suggested that epigenetic programming, also induced by the adverse intrauterine environment, is a critical underlying mechanism of fetal metabolic programming. Fetal epigenetic programming affects gene expression changes and cellular function through epigenetic modifications without DNA nucleotide sequence changes. Epigenetic modifications can be relatively stably retained and transmitted through mitosis and generations, and thereby induce the development of metabolic syndrome in adult offspring. This manuscript provides an overview of the critical role of epigenetic programming in fetal metabolic programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqiang Zhu
- Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Changzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Fang Cao
- Changzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Xiaozhong Li
- Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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24
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Sessions-Bresnahan DR, Heuberger AL, Carnevale EM. Obesity in mares promotes uterine inflammation and alters embryo lipid fingerprints and homeostasis. Biol Reprod 2019; 99:761-772. [PMID: 29741587 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioy107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal body composition can be an important determinant for development of obesity and metabolic syndrome in adult offspring. Obesity-related outcomes in offspring may include epigenetic alterations; however, mechanisms of fetal programming remain to be fully elucidated. This study was conducted to determine the impact of maternal obesity in the absence of a high fat diet on equine endometrium and preimplantation embryos. Embryos were collected from normal and obese mares at 8 and 16 days and a uterine biopsy at 16 days (0 day = ovulation). With the exception of 8 day embryos, each sample was divided into two pieces. One piece was analyzed for gene expression markers related to carbohydrate metabolism, lipid homeostasis, inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress, mitochondrial stress, and components of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system. The second piece was analyzed for lipid content using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. Obese mares had elevated concentrations of insulin, leptin, and total cholesterol, and they tended to have increased triglycerides and decreased insulin sensitivity. Embryos from obese mares had altered transcript abundance in genes for inflammation and lipid homeostasis, as well as endoplasmic reticulum, oxidative and mitochondrial stress and altered lipid fingerprints. Endometrium from obese mares had increased expression of inflammatory cytokines, lipid homeostasis regulation, mitochondrial stress, and the IGF2 system. This study demonstrates that increased adiposity in mares alters the uterine environment, transcript abundance of genes for cellular functions, and lipid profiles of embryos. These alterations could affect prenatal programming, with potential long-term effects in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn R Sessions-Bresnahan
- Department of Animal Science, Mount Berry, Georgia, USA.,Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Adam L Heuberger
- Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.,Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Elaine M Carnevale
- Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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25
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Rodrigo S, Panadero MI, Fauste E, Rodríguez L, Roglans N, Álvarez-Millán JJ, Otero P, Laguna JC, Bocos C. Effects of Maternal Fructose Intake on Perinatal ER-Stress: A Defective XBP1s Nuclear Translocation Affects the ER-stress Resolution. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11081935. [PMID: 31426466 PMCID: PMC6723662 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis is crucial to appropriate cell functioning, and when disturbed, a safeguard system called unfolded protein response (UPR) is activated. Fructose consumption modifies ER homeostasis and has been related to metabolic syndrome. However, fructose sweetened beverages intake is allowed during gestation. Therefore, we investigate whether maternal fructose intake affects the ER status and induces UPR. Thus, administrating liquid fructose (10% w/v) to pregnant rats partially activated the ER-stress in maternal and fetal liver and placenta. In fact, a fructose-induced increase in the levels of pIRE1 (phosphorylated inositol requiring enzyme-1) and its downstream effector, X-box binding protein-1 spliced form (XBP1s), was observed. XBP1s is a key transcription factor, however, XBP1s nuclear translocation and the expression of its target genes were reduced in the liver of the carbohydrate-fed mothers, and specifically diminished in the fetal liver and placenta in the fructose-fed mothers. These XBP1s target genes belong to the ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD) system, used to buffer ER-stress and to restore ER-homeostasis. It is known that XBP1s needs to form a complex with diverse proteins to migrate into the nucleus. Since methylglyoxal (MGO) content, a precursor of advanced glycation endproducts (AGE), was augmented in the three tissues in the fructose-fed mothers and has been related to interfere with the functioning of many proteins, the role of MGO in XBP1s migration should not be discarded. In conclusion, maternal fructose intake produces ER-stress, but without XBP1s nuclear migration. Therefore, a complete activation of UPR that would resolve ER-stress is lacking. A state of fructose-induced oxidative stress is probably involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Rodrigo
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, 28668 Madrid, Spain
| | - María I Panadero
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, 28668 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Fauste
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, 28668 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lourdes Rodríguez
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, 28668 Madrid, Spain
| | - Núria Roglans
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Barcelona, CIBERobn, IBUB, Avda. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Paola Otero
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, 28668 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan C Laguna
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Barcelona, CIBERobn, IBUB, Avda. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Bocos
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, 28668 Madrid, Spain.
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26
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Abstract
Background: Although pregestational obesity has been associated with increased risk of adverse fetal outcome, the mechanisms behind are not known. We aimed to investigate the influence of the maternal metabolic state on fetal outcome in rats exposed to either a high-fat diet (HFD) or a control diet (CD). We also investigated the impact of serum collected from HFD/CD pregnant rats on CD embryonic development in whole-embryo cultures. Material and methods: On gestational day 0, 9, 10, or 20 maternal plasma/serum samples were collected as pregnancies were terminated for the estimations of maternal metabolic state and embryo-fetal development. We measured embryonic gene expression of ROS scavenger enzymes as well as genes involved in inflammation in maternal adipose tissue. Results: In HFD maternal plasma/serum, concentrations of glucose, β-hydroxybutyrate, branched-chain amino acids, and leptin were increased, whereas those of triacylglycerol, cholesterol, and palmitic, oleic, linoleic, and α-linolenic acids were decreased. Gene expression of CuZnSOD, IL-6, IL-10, and resistin was increased in HFD maternal adipose tissue, whereas that of CuZnSOD and MnSOD was decreased in HFD-exposed embryos. HFD caused retention of most fatty acids in the maternal liver as well. Conclusion: HFD alters the maternal metabolic state, increases fetal resorptions in vivo, and increases the rate of fetal/embryonic malformations both in vivo and in vitro. These findings suggest that metabolic disturbances in HFD pregnant rats have profound adverse developmental effects in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parri Wentzel
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- CONTACT Parri Wentzel Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, PO Box 571, Biomedical Center, SE-751 23Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ulf J. Eriksson
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Emilio Herrera
- Department of Biochemistry, CEU San Pablo University, Madrid, Spain
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27
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The effects of magnesium-zinc-calcium-vitamin D co-supplementation on biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative stress and pregnancy outcomes in gestational diabetes. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2019; 19:107. [PMID: 30922259 PMCID: PMC6440090 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-019-2258-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes is the most common medical condition in pregnant women and its complications affect both mother and fetus. The beneficial effects of vitamin D on gestational diabetes have been shown, though data on the effects of co-administration of vitamin D with other nutrients on pregnancy outcomes in gestational diabetes (GDM) are scarce. This study was aimed to determine the effects of magnesium-zinc-calcium-vitamin D co-supplementation on parameters of inflammation and oxidative stress, and pregnancy outcomes among women with GDM. METHODS This randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial was conducted on 60 women with GDM not taking oral hypoglycemic agents. Patients were randomly assigned to take magnesium-zinc-calcium-vitamin D supplements (n = 30) or placebo (n = 30) for 6 weeks. Fasting blood samples were collected from participants at baseline and after the 6-week intervention to measure related biomarkers. RESULTS Magnesium-zinc-calcium-vitamin D co-supplementation resulted in a significant reduction in serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (- 1.2 ± 3.5 vs. + 0.8 ± 2.0 mg/L, P = 0.01) and plasma malondialdehyde concentrations (- 0.3 ± 0.3 vs. + 0.3 ± 1.1 μmol/L, P = 0.003), as well as a significant increase in total antioxidant capacity levels (+ 38.2 ± 76.5 vs. -16.3 ± 93.5 mmol/L, P = 0.01), compared to placebo. We found a decreasing trend in newborns' weight (3089.8 ± 519.9 vs. 3346.3 ± 411.1 g, P = 0.05) and the rate of macrosomia (3.3% vs. 16.7%, P = 0.08) in the magnesium-zinc-calcium-vitamin D supplemented women. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the findings of this study have demonstrated that magnesium-zinc-calcium-vitamin D co-supplementation for 6 weeks to women with GDM may reduce biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress. This study was retrospectively registered on 25 April 2017 in the Iranian website ( www.irct.ir ) for clinical trials registration ( http://www.irct.ir : IRCT201704225623N109).
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28
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Cardiac Development and Transcription Factors: Insulin Signalling, Insulin Resistance, and Intrauterine Nutritional Programming of Cardiovascular Disease. J Nutr Metab 2018; 2018:8547976. [PMID: 29484207 PMCID: PMC5816854 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8547976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Programming with an insult or stimulus during critical developmental life stages shapes metabolic disease through divergent mechanisms. Cardiovascular disease increasingly contributes to global morbidity and mortality, and the heart as an insulin-sensitive organ may become insulin resistant, which manifests as micro- and/or macrovascular complications due to diabetic complications. Cardiogenesis is a sequential process during which the heart develops into a mature organ and is regulated by several cardiac-specific transcription factors. Disrupted cardiac insulin signalling contributes to cardiac insulin resistance. Intrauterine under- or overnutrition alters offspring cardiac structure and function, notably cardiac hypertrophy, systolic and diastolic dysfunction, and hypertension that precede the onset of cardiovascular disease. Optimal intrauterine nutrition and oxygen saturation are required for normal cardiac development in offspring and the maintenance of their cardiovascular physiology.
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29
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McCloskey K, Ponsonby AL, Collier F, Allen K, Tang MLK, Carlin JB, Saffery R, Skilton MR, Cheung M, Ranganathan S, Dwyer T, Burgner D, Vuillermin P. The association between higher maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index and increased birth weight, adiposity and inflammation in the newborn. Pediatr Obes 2018; 13:46-53. [PMID: 27723247 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excess adiposity and adiposity-related inflammation are known risk factors for cardiovascular disease in adults; however, little is known regarding the determinants of adiposity-related inflammation at birth. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the association between maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and newborn adiposity and inflammation. METHODS Paired maternal (28-week gestation) and infant (umbilical cord) blood samples were collected from a population-derived birth cohort (Barwon Infant Study, n = 1074). Data on maternal comorbidities and infant birth anthropomorphic measures were compiled, and infant aortic intima-media thickness was measured by trans-abdominal ultrasound. In a selected subgroup of term infants (n = 161), matched maternal and cord lipids, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and maternal soluble CD14 were measured. Analysis was completed by using pairwise correlation and linear regression. Because of their non-normal distribution, pathology blood measures were log transformed prior to analysis. RESULTS Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI was positively associated with increased birth weight (mean difference 17.8 g per kg m-2 , 95% CI 6.6 to 28.9; p = 0.002), newborn mean skin-fold thickness (mean difference 0.1 mm per kg m-2 , 95% CI 0.0 to 0.1; p < 0.001) and cord blood hsCRP (mean difference of 4.2% increase in hsCRP per kg m-2 increase in pre-pregnancy BMI, 95% CI 0.6 to 7.7%, p = 0.02), but not cord blood soluble CD14. Inclusion of maternal hsCRP as a covariate attenuated the associations between pre-pregnancy BMI and both newborn skin-fold thickness and cord blood hsCRP. CONCLUSION Higher maternal pre-pregnancy BMI is associated with increased newborn adiposity and inflammation. These associations may be partially mediated by maternal inflammation during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- K McCloskey
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia.,Child Health Research Unit, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - A-L Ponsonby
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - F Collier
- Child Health Research Unit, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia.,Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - K Allen
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - M L K Tang
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - J B Carlin
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - R Saffery
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - M R Skilton
- Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise and Eating Disorders, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - M Cheung
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - S Ranganathan
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - T Dwyer
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - D Burgner
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - P Vuillermin
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia.,Child Health Research Unit, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia.,Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
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30
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Li S, Zhu Y, Yeung E, Chavarro JE, Yuan C, Field AE, Missmer SA, Mills JL, Hu FB, Zhang C. Offspring risk of obesity in childhood, adolescence and adulthood in relation to gestational diabetes mellitus: a sex-specific association. Int J Epidemiol 2017; 46:1533-1541. [PMID: 29024955 PMCID: PMC5837775 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyx151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Animal data suggest sexually dimorphic programming of obesity in response to altered intrauterine environment, but the longitudinal impact of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on sex-specific risk of offspring obesity in humans is unclear. Methods We conducted a prospective analysis of 15 009 US individuals (7946 female and 7063 male) from the Growing-Up Today Study, who were followed from 1996 (ages 9-14 years) through 2010. Height and weight from validated questionnaires were used to derive body mass index (BMI) at different ages. Obesity during childhood (< 18 years) and adulthood (≥ 18 years) were defined using the International Obesity Task Force and the World Health Organization criteria. GDM exposure was identified through self-reported questionnaires from mothers. Relative risks were estimated using multivariable log-binomial regression models with generalized estimating equations accounting for clustering within the same family. Results Male offspring born from pregnancies complicated by GDM had higher BMI compared with non-GDM offspring and had increased risk of obesity; the adjusted relative risk [RR, 95% confidence interval (CI)] was 1.47 (1.11-1.95) for all age groups, 1.59 (1.05-2.41) for late childhood, 1.48 (1.06-2.06) for adolescence and 1.39 (1.00-1.94) for early adulthood. No significant association between obesity and maternal GDM was observed among female participants (RR = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.71-1.33). Conclusions The association of GDM with offspring obesity from late childhood through early adulthood may differ by sex; a significant association was observed among male but not female offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Li
- Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Rockville, MD, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yeyi Zhu
- Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Rockville, MD, USA
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Edwina Yeung
- Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Jorge E Chavarro
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Changzheng Yuan
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alison E Field
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Stacey A Missmer
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James L Mills
- Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Frank B Hu
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cuilin Zhang
- Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Rockville, MD, USA
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Perichart-Perera O, Muñoz-Manrique C, Reyes-López A, Tolentino-Dolores M, Espino y Sosa S, Ramírez-González MC. Metabolic markers during pregnancy and their association with maternal and newborn weight status. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180874. [PMID: 28749954 PMCID: PMC5531808 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Obesity during pregnancy increases the risk of adverse clinical outcomes and is associated with low-grade chronic inflammation. We describe maternal metabolic risk and inflammation by maternal weight status, and evaluate the association of metabolic and inflammatory markers with birthweight in a group of pregnant Mexican women. Methods This study derived from a prospective cohort of healthy pregnant women <14 weeks of gestation, receiving prenatal care at National Institute of Perinatology (Mexico, 2009–2013). Metabolic and inflammatory markers were measured in maternal serum in all three pregnancy trimesters (1st: 11.42±1.7; 2nd: 21.06±2.4; 3rd: 32.74±2.3 weeks). Pregestational weight was self-reported, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Gestational weight gain was evaluated in the third trimester. Newborn´s weight was measured at birth. We carried out correlations, general mixed linear model and regression analyses, based on pregestational weight (self-reported), body mass index (BMI), gestational weight gain (evaluated in the third trimester) and newborn weight (measured at birth). Results Of the 177 women included in the study (mean age = 26.93±8.49), thirty-eight percent (n = 67) were overweight or had obesity, and 32.8% (n = 58) showed excessive gestational weight gain. We found insulin, lipids (including total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides-TG), leptin and interleukin 1b (IL-1b) all increased significantly (p<0.05) during pregnancy. Pregestational maternal weight status altered longitudinal concentrations of insulin, leptin, adiponectin, TG and C reactive protein. Excessive gestational weight gain was associated with higher maternal insulin in the third trimester (p<0.05). Early pregnancy leptin and TNFα were determinants of birthweight in women with normal weight, but not in overweight or obese women. Conclusions Maternal weight status affected the concentrations of insulin, leptin, adiponectin, triglycerides and C reactive protein throughout pregnancy. The role of early leptin and TNFα in fetal growth need further study given the association was only observed in normal weight women. This study presents data distribution of metabolic and inflammatory markers of normal weight and overweight/obese women that did not develop GDM, preeclampsia nor macrosomia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otilia Perichart-Perera
- Nutrition and Bioprogramming Department, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City, Mexico
- * E-mail:
| | - Cinthya Muñoz-Manrique
- Nutrition and Bioprogramming Department, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Angélica Reyes-López
- Nutrition and Bioprogramming Department, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Maricruz Tolentino-Dolores
- Nutrition and Bioprogramming Department, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Salvador Espino y Sosa
- Clinical Research Subdirection, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ma. Cristina Ramírez-González
- Nutrition and Bioprogramming Department, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City, Mexico
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Hernández-Trejo M, Montoya-Estrada A, Torres-Ramos Y, Espejel-Núñez A, Guzmán-Grenfell A, Morales-Hernández R, Tolentino-Dolores M, Laresgoiti-Servitje E. Oxidative stress biomarkers and their relationship with cytokine concentrations in overweight/obese pregnant women and their neonates. BMC Immunol 2017; 18:3. [PMID: 28061809 PMCID: PMC5219784 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-016-0184-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Oxidative damage present in obese/overweight mothers may lead to further oxidative stress conditions or inflammation in maternal and cord blood samples. Thirty-four pregnant women/newborn pairs were included in this study to assess the presence of oxidative stress biomarkers and their relationship with serum cytokine concentrations. Oxidative stress biomarkers and antioxidant enzymes were compared between the mother/offspring pairs. The presence of 27 cytokines was measured in maternal and cord blood samples. Analyses were initially performed between all mothers and newborns and later between normal weight and mothers with overweight and obesity, and diabetic/non-diabetic women. Results Significant differences were found in biomarker concentrations between mothers and newborns. Additionally, superoxide-dismutase activity was higher in pre-pregnancy overweight mothers compared to those with normal weight. Activity for this enzyme was higher in neonates born from mothers with normal pregestational weight compared with their mothers. Nitrites in overweight/obese mothers were statistically lower than in their offspring. Maternal free fatty acids, nitrites, carbonylated proteins, malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase predicted maternal serum concentrations of IL-4, IL-13, IP-10 and MIP-1β. Arginase activity in maternal plasma was related to decreased concentrations of IL-4 and IL-1β in cord arterial blood. Increased maternal malondialdehyde plasma was associated with higher levels of IL-6 and IL-7 in the offspring. Conclusions Oxidative stress biomarkers differ between mothers and offspring and can predict maternal and newborn cytokine concentrations, indicating a potential role for oxidative stress in foetal metabolic and immunologic programming. Moreover, maternal obesity and diabetes may affect maternal microenvironments, and oxidative stress related to these can have an impact on the placenta and foetal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Hernández-Trejo
- Neurobiology of Development Department, Instituto Nacional de Perinatologia, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Yessica Torres-Ramos
- Immunobiochemistry Department, Instituto Nacional de Perinatologia, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Aurora Espejel-Núñez
- Immunobiochemistry Department, Instituto Nacional de Perinatologia, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Estibalitz Laresgoiti-Servitje
- Basic Medical Sciences, TEC-ABC School of Medicine, Tecnologico de Monterrey Carlos Graef Fernandez 154-114, 05120, Mexico City, Mexico.
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The effects of prenatal metformin on obesogenic diet-induced alterations in maternal and fetal fatty acid metabolism. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2016; 13:55. [PMID: 27555877 PMCID: PMC4994240 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-016-0115-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Maternal obesity may program the fetus and increase the susceptibility of the offspring to adult diseases. Metformin crosses the placenta and has been associated with decreased inflammation and reversal of fatty liver in obese leptin-deficient mice. We investigated the effects of metformin on maternal and fetal lipid metabolism and hepatic inflammation using a rat model of diet-induced obesity during pregnancy. Methods Female Wistar rats (6–7 weeks old) were fed normal or high calorie diets for 5 weeks. After mating with normal-diet fed males, half of the high calorie-fed dams received metformin (300 mg/kg, daily); dams (8 per group) continued diets through gestational day 19. Maternal and fetal livers and fetal brains were analyzed for fatty acids and for fatty acid metabolism-related gene expression. Data were analyzed by ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s post hoc testing. Results When compared to control-lean maternal livers, obesogenic-diet-exposed maternal livers showed significantly higher saturated fatty acids (14:0 and 16:0) and monounsaturated fatty acids (16:1n7 and 18:1n9) and lower polyunsaturated (18:2n6 and 20:4n6 [arachidonic acid]) and anti-inflammatory n3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (18:3n3 and 22:6n3 [docosahexaenoic acid]) (p < 0.05). Metformin did not affect diet-induced changes in maternal livers. Fetal livers exposed to the high calorie diet showed significantly increased saturated fatty acids (18:0) and monounsaturated fatty acids (18:1n9 and 18:1n7) and decreased polyunsaturated fatty acids (18:2n6, 20:4n6 and 22:6n3) and anti-inflammatory n3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, along with increased gene expression of fatty acid metabolism markers (Fasn, D5d, D6d, Scd1, Lxrα). Metformin significantly attenuated diet-induced inflammation and 18:1n9 and 22:6n3 in fetal livers, as well as n3 fatty acids (p < 0.05). Prenatal obesogenic diet exposure significantly increased fetal liver IFNγ levels (p < 0.05), which was reversed by maternal metformin treatment (p < 0.05). Conclusions Consumption of a high calorie diet significantly affected maternal and fetal fatty acid metabolism. It reduced anti-inflammatory polyunsaturated fatty acids in maternal and fetal livers, altered gene expression of fatty acid metabolism markers, and induced inflammation in the fetal livers. Prenatal metformin attenuated some diet-induced fatty acid changes and inflammation in the fetal livers without affecting maternal livers, suggesting that maternal metformin may impact fetal/neonatal fatty acid/lipid metabolism. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12986-016-0115-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Bi X, Niu J, Ding W, Zhang M, Yang M, Gu Y. Angiopoietin-1 attenuates angiotensin II-induced ER stress in glomerular endothelial cells via a Tie2 receptor/ERK1/2-p38 MAPK-dependent mechanism. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 428:118-32. [PMID: 27033326 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Research has indicated that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in endothelial cells affects vascular pathologies and induces cellular dysfunction and apoptosis. Angiopoietin1 (Angpt1) has been shown to have therapeutic potential in some vascular diseases, including chronic kidney disease. This study showed that Angpt1 is a powerful factor that attenuated ER stress-induced cellular dysfunction and apoptosis in glomerular endothelial cells (GEnCs). Furthermore, Angpt1 significantly decreased the angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced expression of the ER stress response proteins GRP78, GRP94, p-PERK and CHOP. These results suggest that the Angpt1-mediated cellular protection may occur downstream of the ER stress response. In addition, both specific inhibitors and siRNAs for Tie2 reversed these changes, implying the importance of Tie2 receptor activation in the signalling pathways that prevent ER stress. The protective effects of Angpt1 are related to the activation of two downstream signalling pathways, ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK. The inhibition of these pathways with specific inhibitors, PD98059 and SB203580, respectively, partially increased the expression of chaperones that assist in folding proteins in the ER and reduce the protective effects of Angpt1. In conclusion, Angpt1 attenuated ER stress-induced cellular dysfunction and apoptosis via the Tie2 receptor/ERK1/2-p38 MAPK pathways in GEnCs. This study may provide insights into a novel underlying mechanism and a strategy for alleviating ER stress-induced injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Bi
- Division of Nephrology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianying Niu
- Division of Nephrology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Ding
- Division of Nephrology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Minmin Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yong Gu
- Division of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Valenzuela FJ, Vera J, Venegas C, Muñoz S, Oyarce S, Muñoz K, Lagunas C. Evidences of Polymorphism Associated with Circadian System and Risk of Pathologies: A Review of the Literature. Int J Endocrinol 2016; 2016:2746909. [PMID: 27313610 PMCID: PMC4893437 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2746909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian system is a supraphysiological system that modulates different biological functions such as metabolism, sleep-wake, cellular proliferation, and body temperature. Different chronodisruptors have been identified, such as shift work, feeding time, long days, and stress. The environmental changes and our modern lifestyle can alter the circadian system and increase the risk of developing pathologies such as cancer, preeclampsia, diabetes, and mood disorder. This system is organized by transcriptional/tranductional feedback loops of clock genes Clock, Bmal1, Per1-3, and Cry1-2. How molecular components of the clock are able to influence the development of diseases and their risk relation with genetic components of polymorphism of clock genes is unknown. This research describes different genetic variations in the population and how these are associated with risk of cancer, metabolic diseases such as diabetes, obesity, and dyslipidemias, and also mood disorders such as depression, bipolar disease, excessive alcohol intake, and infertility. Finally, these findings will need to be implemented and evaluated at the level of genetic interaction and how the environment factors trigger the expression of these pathologies will be examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. J. Valenzuela
- Department of Basic Sciences, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Campus Fernando May, 378000 Chillán, Chile
- Group of Biotechnological Sciences, Department of Basic Sciences, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Campus Fernando May, 378000 Chillán, Chile
- *F. J. Valenzuela:
| | - J. Vera
- Department of Basic Sciences, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Campus Fernando May, 378000 Chillán, Chile
- Group of Biotechnological Sciences, Department of Basic Sciences, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Campus Fernando May, 378000 Chillán, Chile
| | - C. Venegas
- Department of Basic Sciences, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Campus Fernando May, 378000 Chillán, Chile
| | - S. Muñoz
- Department of Basic Sciences, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Campus Fernando May, 378000 Chillán, Chile
| | - S. Oyarce
- Department of Basic Sciences, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Campus Fernando May, 378000 Chillán, Chile
| | - K. Muñoz
- Department of Basic Sciences, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Campus Fernando May, 378000 Chillán, Chile
| | - C. Lagunas
- Department of Basic Sciences, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Campus Fernando May, 378000 Chillán, Chile
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Tomar AS, Tallapragada DSP, Nongmaithem SS, Shrestha S, Yajnik CS, Chandak GR. Intrauterine Programming of Diabetes and Adiposity. Curr Obes Rep 2015; 4:418-28. [PMID: 26349437 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-015-0175-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of diabetes and adiposity has increased at an alarming rate and together they contribute to the rise in morbidity and mortality worldwide. Genetic studies till date have succeeded in explaining only a proportion of heritability, while a major component remains unexplained. Early life determinants of future risk of these diseases are likely contributors to the missing heritability and thus have a significant potential in disease prevention. Epidemiological and animal studies show the importance of intrauterine and early postnatal environment in programming of the fetus to adverse metabolic outcomes and support the notion of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD). Emerging evidence highlights the role of epigenetic mechanisms in mediating effects of environmental exposures, which in certain instances may exhibit intergenerational transmission even in the absence of exposure. In this article, we will discuss the complexity of diabetes and increased adiposity and mechanisms of programming of these adverse metabolic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Singh Tomar
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CSIR-CCMB), Hyderabad, 500 007, India
| | | | | | - Smeeta Shrestha
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CSIR-CCMB), Hyderabad, 500 007, India
| | | | - Giriraj Ratan Chandak
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CSIR-CCMB), Hyderabad, 500 007, India.
- Adjunct Group Leader, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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Abstract
The aim of our article was to review the current literature on the effects of metabolic (re) programming on childhood obesity. PubMed/MEDLINE was the data source used to track the studies. Descriptors applied: children obesity, epigenetic, metabolic programming, exercise and nutrition. The focus was to analyze and discuss the international findings on the theme. The gathering of the papers was performed between June and August 2014. The search of articles with the descriptors used found 33.054 studies. In all, 5.709 studies were selected by crossing chosen keywords. Among these, after careful reading of the titles, 712 papers were considered potential as references. After applying inclusion/exclusion criteria, 50 studies were selected from 132 eligible abstracts. Most studies linked the development and treatment of obesity from epigenetically stimulated metabolic programming during the early stages of pregnancy and life. This review provides theoretical basis to the understanding that the programmed development of childhood obesity may be linked to early exposure to environmental factors, such as (nutrition and regular practice of exercise) and stimulus can epigenetically alter the modulation of the obesogenic metabolic behavior during pregnancy and the developmental stages of children and/or postpone the pathophysiologic disease stage to adulthood.
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38
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Abstract
Pregnancy is a time when women may be receptive to health advice and interventions. This article considers the evidence for interventions to affect body weight in obese and overweight women delivered either or both pre- and post-natally. The increasing prevalence of obesity across the adult population has affected many sectors of society and increasing numbers of obese and overweight pregnant women are evident. Obesity in pregnancy is frequently associated with excessive gestational weight gains and increases the risk of developing adverse pregnancy outcomes in terms of both maternal and infant health. Pregnancy has been described as providing "a teachable moment" when women may be receptive to health advice. Some lifestyle approaches, largely incorporating strategies to alter dietary and physical activity to challenge excess body weight before and during pregnancy, have been developed and tested. While a few have shown promise with limited success in reducing body weight prior to pregnancy and post-natally, and minimising excessive weight gains during pregnancy, all interventions are not sufficiently robust and effective to justify routine inclusion in clinical practice. Weight management pre- and post-natally appears largely overlooked in usual care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine R Hankey
- Human Nutrition, University of Glasgow, Level 2, New Lister Building, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, G31 2ER, UK.
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Sáez PJ, Villalobos-Labra R, Westermeier F, Sobrevia L, Farías-Jofré M. Modulation of endothelial cell migration by ER stress and insulin resistance: a role during maternal obesity? Front Pharmacol 2014; 5:189. [PMID: 25191269 PMCID: PMC4137259 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2014.00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Adverse microenvironmental stimuli can trigger the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway, which initiates the unfolded protein response (UPR), to restore protein-folding homeostasis. Several studies show induction of ER stress during obesity. Chronic UPR has been linked to different mechanisms of disease in obese and diabetic individuals, including insulin resistance (IR) and impaired angiogenesis. Endothelial cell (EC) migration is an initial step for angiogenesis, which is associated with remodeling of existing blood vessels. EC migration occurs according to the leader–follower model, involving coordinated processes of chemotaxis, haptotaxis, and mechanotaxis. Thus, a fine-tuning of EC migration is necessary to provide the right timing to form the required vessels during angiogenesis. ER stress modulates EC migration at different levels, usually impairing migration and angiogenesis, although different effects may be observed depending on the tissue and/or microenvironment. In the context of pregnancy, maternal obesity (MO) induces IR in the offspring. Interestingly, several proteins associated with obesity-induced IR are also involved in EC migration, providing a potential link with the ER stress-dependent alterations observed in obese individuals. Different signaling cascades that converge on cytoskeleton regulation directly impact EC migration, including the Akt and/or RhoA pathways. In addition, ER is the main intracellular reservoir for Ca2+, which plays a pivotal role during EC migration. Therefore, ER stress-related alterations in Ca2+ signaling or Ca2+ levels might also produce distorted EC migration. However, the above findings have been studied in the context of adult obesity, and no information has been reported regarding the effect of MO on fetal EC migration. Here we summarize the state of knowledge about the possible mechanisms by which ER stress and IR might impact EC migration and angiogenesis in fetal endothelium exposed to MO during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo J Sáez
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Roberto Villalobos-Labra
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Westermeier
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile ; Facultad de Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián Santiago, Chile ; Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis Sobrevia
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile ; University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland Herston, QL, Australia ; Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla Sevilla, Spain
| | - Marcelo Farías-Jofré
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile
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