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de Freitas RA, Dos Passos RR, Dos Santos FCA, Bressan AFM, Carneiro FS, Lima VV, Giachini FRC. Interleukin-10 deficiency induces thoracic perivascular adipose tissue whitening and vascular remodeling. J Mol Histol 2024; 55:527-537. [PMID: 38898139 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-024-10202-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is an adipose layer, surrounding blood vessels, with a local modulatory role. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) has been shown to modulate vascular tissue. This study aimed to characterize the endogenous role of IL-10 in vascular remodeling, and PVAT phenotyping. Thoracic aortic segments from control (C57BL/6J) and IL-10 knockout (IL-10-/-) male mice were used. Analyzes of aorta/PVAT morphometry, and elastin, collagen and reticulin deposition were performed. Tissue uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) was accessed by Western blotting. Endogenous absence of IL-10 reduced total PVAT area (p = 0.0310), and wall/lumen ratio (p = 0.0024), whereas increased vascular area and thickness (p < 0.0001). Total collagen deposition was augmented in IL-10-/-, but under polarized light, the reduction of collagen-I (p = 0.0075) and the increase of collagen-III (p = 0.0055) was found, simultaneously with reduced elastic fibers deposition (p = 0.0282) and increased deposition of reticular fibers (p < 0.0001). Adipocyte area was augmented in the IL-10 absence (p = 0.0225), and UCP1 expression was reduced (p = 0.0420). Moreover, relative frequency of white adipose cells and connective tissue was augmented in IL-10-/- (p < 0.0001), added to a reduction in brown adipose cells (p < 0.0001). Altogether, these data characterize aorta PVAT from IL-10-/- as a white-like adipocyte phenotype. Endogenous IL-10 prevents vascular remodeling and favors a brown-like adipocyte phenotype, suggesting a modulatory role for IL-10 in PVAT plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raiany A de Freitas
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goias, Goiânia, Brazil
- Federal University of Mato Grosso Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Barra do Garças, MT, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alecsander F M Bressan
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Fernando S Carneiro
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Victor V Lima
- Federal University of Mato Grosso Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Barra do Garças, MT, Brazil
| | - Fernanda R C Giachini
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goias, Goiânia, Brazil.
- Federal University of Mato Grosso Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Barra do Garças, MT, Brazil.
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2
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Sun Q, Yang P, Gu QW, Gu WS, Wang W, Wang J, Mao XM. Increased glycemic variability results in abnormal differentiation of T cell subpopulation in type 2 diabetes patients. J Diabetes Complications 2024; 38:108738. [PMID: 38643556 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2024.108738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
AIMS We aimed to investigate the association between glycemic variability (GV) and the abnormal differentiation of T-cell subpopulations in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS In total, 108 hospitalized patients with T2DM were enrolled and divided into two subgroups (normal glycemic excursion (NGE) and high glycemic excursion (HGE)) according to their mean amplitude of glycemic excursion (MAGE) level. The MAGE was evaluated via continuous glucose monitoring for 72 h consecutively. Flow cytometry was used to determine the proportions of T cell subpopulations. RESULTS The T helper (Th) 1 cell/Th2 cell ratio was significantly higher, and the proportion of regulatory T cells (Tregs) was significantly lower in the NGE group than in the HGE group (all P < 0.05). After fully adjusting for confounders, the MAGE was positively associated with the Th1 cell/Th2 cell ratio (β = 0.370; P = 0.009) and negatively associated with the proportion of Tregs (β = -0.554; P = 0.001). CONCLUSION The MAGE was an independent risk factor for abnormally high Th1 cell/Th2 cell ratio and proportion of Tregs. Abnormal differentiation of T cell subpopulations induced by GV may impair β-cell function, aggravate insulin resistance, and contribute to the development of diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Qing-Wei Gu
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Wen-Sa Gu
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Mao
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China.
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Knott-Torcal C, de la Blanca NS, Serrano-Somavilla A, Hernández RM, Sampedro-Núñez M, Ruiz-Rosso B, Jiménez-Blanco S, González-Amaro R, González-Baranda L, Garcimartin A, Marazuela M. Quantitative analysis of Tr1 lymphocytes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Endocrinol Invest 2024; 47:1447-1455. [PMID: 38183564 PMCID: PMC11142976 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-023-02250-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is usually accompanied by a low-grade inflammatory phenomenon, which participates in the pathogenesis of different complications of this condition. The inflammatory response is under the regulation of different mechanisms, including T regulatory (Treg) lymphocytes. However, the possible role of type 1 T regulatory (Tr1) cells in T2DM has not been explored so far. AIM To carry out a quantitative analysis of Tr1 lymphocytes and other immune cell subsets in patients with T2DM and correlate these results with clinical findings and treatments. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty patients with T2DM and twenty-three healthy controls were included in the study. Biochemical and anthropometric variables were evaluated, and Tr1 lymphocytes (CD4+CD49+LAG-3+IL-10+) and other cell subsets (Th17, Th22 and Foxp3 + Treg cells) were analyzed in peripheral blood samples by multiparametric flow cytometry. RESULTS Significant increased levels of Tr1 cells were detected in patients with severe and mild disease, compared to healthy controls. In addition, CD4+IL-10+ lymphocytes were also increased in patients with T2DM. In contrast, similar levels of Foxp3+ Treg cells, Th17 and Th22 lymphocytes were observed in patients and controls. Likewise, no significant associations were detected between Tr1 cell levels and different clinical and laboratory parameters. However, those patients receiving glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1-RA) showed similar levels of Tr1 cells than healthy controls, and significant lower numbers than untreated patients. CONCLUSION We observed an increase in Tr1 and CD4+IL10+ lymphocyte levels in T2DM. Moreover, GLP1-RA treatment was significantly associated with normalization of the Tr1 levels. This highlights another potential immune dysfunction in patients with T2DM, which could participate in the pathogenesis of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Knott-Torcal
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Diego de León 62, 28006, Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Av. Séneca, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - N S de la Blanca
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Diego de León 62, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Serrano-Somavilla
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Diego de León 62, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - R M Hernández
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Diego de León 62, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Sampedro-Núñez
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Diego de León 62, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - B Ruiz-Rosso
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Av. Séneca, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - S Jiménez-Blanco
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Diego de León 62, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - R González-Amaro
- Research Center of Health Sciences and Biomedicine (CICSaB), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, SLP, México
| | - L González-Baranda
- Research Center of Health Sciences and Biomedicine (CICSaB), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, SLP, México
| | - A Garcimartin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Av. Séneca, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - M Marazuela
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Diego de León 62, 28006, Madrid, Spain.
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Conlon JM, Owolabi BO, Flatt PR, Abdel-Wahab YHA. Amphibian host-defense peptides with potential for Type 2 diabetes therapy - an updated review. Peptides 2024; 175:171180. [PMID: 38401671 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2024.171180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Investigations conducted since 2018 have identified several host-defense peptides present in frog skin secretions whose properties suggest the possibility of their development into a new class of agent for Type 2 diabetes (T2D) therapy. Studies in vitro have described peptides that (a) stimulate insulin release from BRIN-BD11 clonal β-cells and isolated mouse islets, (b) display β-cell proliferative activity and protect against cytokine-mediated apoptosis and (c) stimulate production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and inhibit production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β. Rhinophrynin-27, phylloseptin-3.2TR and temporin F are peptides with therapeutic potential. Studies in vivo carried out in db/db and high fat-fed mice have shown that twice-daily administration of [S4K]CPF-AM1 and [A14K]PGLa-AM1, analogs of peptides first isolated from the octoploid frog Xenopus amieti, over 28 days lowers circulating glucose and HbA1c concentrations, increases insulin sensitivity and improves glucose tolerance and lipid profile. Peptide treatment produced potentially beneficial changes in the expression of skeletal muscle genes involved in insulin signaling and islet genes involved in insulin secretion in these murine models of T2D. Lead compounds uncovered by the study of frog HDPs may provide a basis for the design of new types of agents that can be used, alone or in combination with existing therapies, for the treatment of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Michael Conlon
- Diabetes Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland BT52 1SA, UK.
| | - Bosede O Owolabi
- Diabetes Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Peter R Flatt
- Diabetes Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Yasser H A Abdel-Wahab
- Diabetes Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland BT52 1SA, UK
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Joshi G, Das A, Verma G, Guchhait P. Viral infection and host immune response in diabetes. IUBMB Life 2024; 76:242-266. [PMID: 38063433 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes, a chronic metabolic disorder disrupting blood sugar regulation, has emerged as a prominent silent pandemic. Uncontrolled diabetes predisposes an individual to develop fatal complications like cardiovascular disorders, kidney damage, and neuropathies and aggravates the severity of treatable infections. Escalating cases of Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes correlate with a global upswing in diabetes-linked mortality. As a growing global concern with limited preventive interventions, diabetes necessitates extensive research to mitigate its healthcare burden and assist ailing patients. An altered immune system exacerbated by chronic hyperinflammation heightens the susceptibility of diabetic individuals to microbial infections, including notable viruses like SARS-CoV-2, dengue, and influenza. Given such a scenario, we scrutinized the literature and compiled molecular pathways and signaling cascades related to immune compartments in diabetics that escalate the severity associated with the above-mentioned viral infections in them as compared to healthy individuals. The pathogenesis of these viral infections that trigger diabetes compromises both innate and adaptive immune functions and pre-existing diabetes also leads to heightened disease severity. Lastly, this review succinctly outlines available treatments for diabetics, which may hold promise as preventive or supportive measures to effectively combat these viral infections in the former.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Joshi
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, National Capital Region Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Anushka Das
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, National Capital Region Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Garima Verma
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, National Capital Region Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Prasenjit Guchhait
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, National Capital Region Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
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Rose S, Landes RD, Vyas KK, Delhey L, Blossom S. Regulatory T cells and bioenergetics of peripheral blood mononuclear cells linked to pediatric obesity. IMMUNOMETABOLISM (COBHAM, SURREY) 2024; 6:e00040. [PMID: 38680993 PMCID: PMC11045398 DOI: 10.1097/in9.0000000000000040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Background Obesity-associated inflammation drives the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. We sought to identify associations of circulating regulatory T cells (Treg) with the degree of obesity (eg, body mass index Z-score [BMIz]), insulin resistance (homeostatic model of insulin resistance [HOMA-IR]), and glycemic control (HbA1c) in children and adolescents. We further sought to examine associations among bioenergetics of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and CD4 T cells and BMIz, HOMA-IR, and HbA1c. Methods A total of 65 children and adolescents between the ages 5 and 17 years were studied. HbA1c and fasting levels of plasma glucose and insulin were measured. We quantified circulating Tregs (CD3+CD4+CD25+CD127-FoxP3+) by flow cytometry, and measured mitochondrial respiration (oxygen consumption rate [OCR]) and glycolysis (extracellular acidification rate [ECAR]) in PBMCs and isolated CD4 T cells by Seahorse extracellular flux analysis. Results Tregs (% CD4) are negatively associated with BMIz but positively associated with HOMA-IR. In PBMCs, OCR/ECAR (a ratio of mitochondrial respiration to glycolysis) is positively associated with BMIz but negatively associated with HbA1c. Conclusions In children, Tregs decrease as body mass index increases; however, the metabolic stress and inflammation associated with insulin resistance may induce a compensatory increase in Tregs. The degree of obesity is also associated with a shift away from glycolysis in PBMCs but as HbA1c declines, metabolism shifts back toward glycolysis. Comprehensive metabolic assessment of the immune system is needed to better understand the implications immune cell metabolic alterations in the progression from a healthy insulin-sensitive state toward glucose intolerance in children. Trial registration This observational study was registered at the ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03960333, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03960333?term=NCT03960333&rank=1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Rose
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
- Arkansas Children’s Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Reid D. Landes
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Kanan K. Vyas
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
- Arkansas Children’s Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Leanna Delhey
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sarah Blossom
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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Gašparini D, Wensveen FM, Turk Wensveen T. Inflammageing mediated by cytotoxic lymphocytes is associated with diabetes duration. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2024; 207:111056. [PMID: 38104904 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2023.111056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Inflammageing, the age-related systemic increase of proinflammatory factors, has been linked to the development of cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease and cancer in the elderly. Chronic inflammation is believed to be a causative factor in the development of diabetic complications. However, exactly how type 2 diabetes impacts the inflammatory state of the immune system is incompletely characterised. METHODS Blood collection and anthropometric measurements were performed in patients with type 2 diabetes (n = 49) and control subjects (n = 30). The phenotype, proliferation capacity and cytokine production by cytotoxic lymphocytes were analysed using multiparametric flow cytometry. RESULTS Type 2 diabetes did not impact the phenotype or proliferation of the investigated cells. However, we observed a significantly increased production of tumour necrosis factor-α by CD8+ T cells and Granzyme B by natural killer cells and γδ T cells compared to controls. Hyperresponsiveness of cytotoxic blood lymphocytes did not correlate with glycaemia or body mass index, but instead was associated with older age and longer diabetes duration. CONCLUSIONS Type 2 diabetes is associated with an increased pro-inflammatory potential of cytotoxic blood lymphocytes correlating with age and diabetes duration. Further research is necessary to explore potential benefits of diabetes medications in reverting this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Gašparini
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20/1, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Cardiometabolism, Hospital for Medical Rehabilitation of the Heart and Lung Diseases and Rheumatism Thalassotherapia Opatija, Maršala Tita 188/1, 51410 Opatija, Croatia.
| | - Felix M Wensveen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20/1, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia.
| | - Tamara Turk Wensveen
- Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Cardiometabolism, Hospital for Medical Rehabilitation of the Heart and Lung Diseases and Rheumatism Thalassotherapia Opatija, Maršala Tita 188/1, 51410 Opatija, Croatia; Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Tome Strižića 3, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Clinic of Internal Medicine, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Krešimirova 42, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia.
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Li Z, Xiong J, Guo Y, Tang H, Guo B, Wang B, Gao D, Dong Z, Tu Y. Effects of diabetes mellitus and glycemic traits on cardiovascular morpho-functional phenotypes. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2023; 22:336. [PMID: 38066511 PMCID: PMC10709859 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-023-02079-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of diabetes on the cardiac and aortic structure and function remain unclear. Detecting and intervening these variations early is crucial for the prevention and management of complications. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging-derived traits are established endophenotypes and serve as precise, early-detection, noninvasive clinical risk biomarkers. We conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) study to examine the association between two types of diabetes, four glycemic traits, and preclinical endophenotypes of cardiac and aortic structure and function. METHODS Independent genetic variants significantly associated with type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, fasting insulin (FIns), fasting glucose (FGlu), 2 h-glucose post-challenge (2hGlu), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were selected as instrumental variables. The 96 cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging traits came from six independent genome-wide association studies. These traits serve as preclinical endophenotypes and offer an early indication of the structure and function of the four cardiac chambers and two aortic sections. The primary analysis was performed using MR with the inverse-variance weighted method. Confirmation was achieved through Steiger filtering and testing to determine the causal direction. Sensitivity analyses were conducted using the weighted median, MR-Egger, and MR-PRESSO methods. Additionally, multivariable MR was used to adjust for potential effects associated with body mass index. RESULTS Genetic susceptibility to type 1 diabetes was associated with increased ascending aortic distensibility. Conversely, type 2 diabetes showed a correlation with a reduced diameter and areas of the ascending aorta, as well as decreased distensibility of the descending aorta. Genetically predicted higher levels of FGlu and HbA1c were correlated with a decrease in diameter and areas of the ascending aorta. Furthermore, higher 2hGlu levels predominantly showed association with a reduced diameter of both the ascending and descending aorta. Higher FIns levels corresponded to increased regional myocardial-wall thicknesses at end-diastole, global myocardial-wall thickness at end-diastole, and regional peak circumferential strain of the left ventricle. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence that diabetes and glycemic traits have a causal relationship with cardiac and aortic structural and functional remodeling, highlighting the importance of intensive glucose-lowering for primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyue Li
- Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jie Xiong
- Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yutong Guo
- Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hao Tang
- Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Bingchen Guo
- Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Dianyu Gao
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zengxiang Dong
- Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Acousto-Optic Electromagnetic Diagnosis and Treatment in Heilongjiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cell Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
| | - Yingfeng Tu
- Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
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Arain H, Patel T, Mureanu N, Efthymiou A, Lombardi G, Tree T, Nicolaides KH, Shangaris P. Regulatory T cells in the peripheral blood of women with gestational diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1226617. [PMID: 38111588 PMCID: PMC10726109 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1226617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gestational diabetes (GDM) affects approximately 14% of pregnancies globally and is associated with short- and long-term complications for both the mother and child. In addition, GDM has been linked to chronic low-grade inflammation with recent research indicating a potential immune dysregulation in pathophysiology and a disparity in regulatory T cells. Objective This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine whether there is an association between GDM and the level of Tregs in the peripheral blood. Methods Literature searches were conducted in PubMed, Embase, and Ovid between the 7th and 14th of February 2022. The inclusion criteria were any original studies published in the English language, measuring differentiated Tregs in women with GDM compared with glucose-tolerant pregnant women. Meta-analysis was performed between comparable Treg markers. Statistical tests were used to quantify heterogeneity: τ 2, χ 2, and I 2. Study quality was assessed using a modified version of the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Results The search yielded 223 results: eight studies were included in the review and seven in the meta-analysis (GDM = 228, control = 286). Analysis of Tregs across all trimesters showed significantly lower Treg numbers in women with GDM (SMD, -0.76; 95% CI, -1.37, -0.15; I 2 = 90%). This was reflected in the analysis by specific Treg markers (SMD -0.55; 95% CI, -1.04, -0.07; I 2 = 83%; third trimester, five studies). Non-significant differences were found within subgroups (differentiated by CD4+FoxP3+, CD4+CD127-, and CD4+CD127-FoxP3) of both analyses. Conclusion GDM is associated with lower Treg numbers in the peripheral maternal blood. In early pregnancy, there is clinical potential to use Treg levels as a predictive tool for the subsequent development of GDM. There is also a potential therapeutic intervention to prevent the development of GDM by increasing Treg populations. However, the precise mechanism by which Tregs mediate GDM remains unclear. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero, identifier CRD42022309796.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hania Arain
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tina Patel
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicoleta Mureanu
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Harris Birthright Research Centre for Fetal Medicine, King’s College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Athina Efthymiou
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Harris Birthright Research Centre for Fetal Medicine, King’s College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Giovanna Lombardi
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy Tree
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kypros H. Nicolaides
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Harris Birthright Research Centre for Fetal Medicine, King’s College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Panicos Shangaris
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Harris Birthright Research Centre for Fetal Medicine, King’s College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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10
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Hasan I, Rainsford KD, Ross JS. Salsalate: a pleotropic anti-inflammatory drug in the treatment of diabetes, obesity, and metabolic diseases. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:2781-2797. [PMID: 37758933 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01242-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Type two Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a rising epidemic. Available therapeutic strategies have provided glycaemic control via HbA1c reduction but fail to provide clinically meaningful reduction in microvascular and macrovascular (cardiac, renal, ophthalmological, and neurological) complications. Inflammation is strongly linked to the pathogenesis of T2DM. Underlying inflammatory mechanisms include oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress amyloid deposition in the pancreas, lipotoxicity, and glucotoxicity. Molecular signalling mechanisms in chronic inflammation linked to obesity and diabetes include JANK, NF-kB, and AMPK pathways. These activated pathways lead to a production of various inflammatory cytokines, such as Interleukin (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and C-reactive protein (CRP), which create a chronic low-grade inflammation and ultimately dysregulation of glucose homeostasis in the liver, skeletal muscle, and smooth muscle. Anti-inflammatory agents are being tested as anti-diabetic agents such as the IL-1b antagonist, Anakinra, the IL-1b inhibitor, Canakinuma, the IL-6 antagonists such as Tocilizumab, Rapamycin (Everolimus), and the IKK-beta kinase inhibitor, Salsalate. Salsalate is a century old safe anti-inflammatory drug used in the treatment of arthritis. Long-term safety and efficacy of Salsalate in the treatment of T2DM have been evaluated, which showed improved fasting plasma glucose and reduced HbA1C levels as well as reduced pro-inflammatory markers in T2DM patients. Current publication summarizes the literature review of pathophysiology of role of inflammation in T2DM and clinical efficacy and safety of Salsalate in the treatment of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Hasan
- RH Nanopharmaceuticals LLC, 140 Ocean Ave, Monmouth Beach, New Jersey, 07750, USA.
| | - K D Rainsford
- Emeritus Professor of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biosciences and Chemistry, BMRC, Sheffield Hallam University, Howard Street, Sheffield, S1 1WB, UK
| | - Joel S Ross
- RH Nanopharmaceuticals LLC, 140 Ocean Ave, Monmouth Beach, New Jersey, 07750, USA
- J & D Pharmaceuticals LLC, Monmouth County, USA
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11
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Liu Z, Zhang M, Shi X, Zhao W, Cao C, Jin L, Wang Y, Xiao J. Decreased programmed cell death ligand 2-positive monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells and programmed cell death protein 1-positive T-regulatory cells in patients with type 2 diabetes: implications for immunopathogenesis. Endocr Connect 2023; 12:e230218. [PMID: 37410080 PMCID: PMC10448569 DOI: 10.1530/ec-23-0218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Objectives The activation of immune cells plays a significant role in the progression of type 2 diabetes. This study aimed to investigate the potential role of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and T-regulatory cells (Tregs) in type 2 diabetes. Methods A total of 61 patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes were recruited. Clinical characteristics were reviewed and peripheral blood samples were collected. We calculated the percentage of different cells. Frequencies of MDSC subsets refered to the percentage of G-MDSCs (CD15+CD33+CD11b+CD14-HLA-DR-/low) in CD45 positive cells and the percentage of M-MDSCs (CD14+CD15-CD11b+CD33+HLA-DR-/low) in lymphocytes plus monocytes. Results Frequencies of programmed cell death ligand 1-positive granulocytic MDSCs (PD-L1+ G-MDSCs), programmed cell death ligand 2-positive monocytic MDSCs (PD-L2+ M-MDSCs), PD-L2+ G-MDSC, and programmed cell death protein 1-positive Tregs (PD-1+Tregs) were decreased in patients with type 2 diabetes. The frequency of PD-1+ Tregs was positively related to PD-L2+ M-MDSCs (r= 0.357, P = 0.009) and negatively related to HbA1c (r = -0.265, P = 0.042), fasting insulin level (r = -0.260, P = 0.047), and waist circumference (r = -0.373, P = 0.005). Conclusions Decreased PD-L2+ M-MDSCs and PD-1+ Tregs may promote effector T cell activation, leading to chronic low-grade inflammation in type 2 diabetes. These findings highlight the contribution of MDSCs and Tregs to the immunopathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and suggest their potential as targets for new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxiang Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingqiang Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohu Shi
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhui Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Chenxiang Cao
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Lixia Jin
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanlei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianzhong Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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12
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D'Souza F, Buzzetti R, Pozzilli P. Diabetes, COVID-19, and questions unsolved. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2023:e3666. [PMID: 37209039 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests a role for Diabetes Mellitus in adverse outcomes from COVID-19 infection; yet the underlying mechanisms are not clear. Moreover, attention has turned to prophylactic vaccination to protect the population from COVID-19-related illness and mortality. We performed a comprehensive peer-reviewed literature search on an array of key terms concerning diabetes and COVID-19 seeking to address the following questions: 1. What role does diabetes play as an accelerator for adverse outcomes in COVID-19?; 2. What mechanisms underlie the differences in outcomes seen in people with diabetes?; 3. Are vaccines against COVID-19 efficacious in people with diabetes? The current literature demonstrates that diabetes is associated with an increased risk of adverse outcomes from COVID-19 infection, and post-COVID sequelae. Potential mechanisms include dysregulation of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2, Furin, CD147, and impaired immune cell responses. Hyperglycaemia is a key exacerbator of these mechanisms. Limited studies are available on COVID-19 vaccination in people with diabetes; however, the current literature suggests that vaccination is protective against adverse outcomes for this population. In summary, people with diabetes are a high-risk group that should be prioritised in vaccination efforts. Glycaemic optimisation is paramount to protecting this group from COVID-19-associated risk. Unsolved questions remain as to the molecular mechanisms underlying the adverse outcomes seen in people with diabetes; the functional impact of post-COVID symptoms on people with diabetes, their persistence, and management; how long-term vaccine efficacy is affected by diabetes, and the antibody levels that confer protection from adverse outcomes in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felecia D'Souza
- University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Raffaella Buzzetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Pozzilli
- Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
- Centre for Immunobiology, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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13
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Ashe S, Hebrok M. Role of Cell-Based Therapies in T2D. Semin Nephrol 2023; 43:151432. [PMID: 37918206 DOI: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2023.151432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) has become a global epidemic affecting the health of millions of people. T2D is a complex and multifactorial metabolic disease, largely characterized by a combination of impaired insulin secretion from β cells residing within the islets of the pancreas and peripheral insulin resistance. In this article, we discuss the current state and risk factors for T2D, conventional treatment options, and upcoming strategies, including progress in the areas of allogeneic and xenogeneic islet transplantation, with a major focus on stem cell-derived β cells and associated technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudipta Ashe
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Matthias Hebrok
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA; TUM School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany; Center for Organoid Systems, Technical University Munich, Garching, Germany; Institute for Diabetes and Organoid Technology, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering (MIBE), Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
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14
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He W, Hao S, Dong X, Zhang D, Jia Z. Circulating cytokine profile and modulation of regulatory T cells in chronic hepatitis B patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. BIOMOLECULES AND BIOMEDICINE 2023; 23:53-62. [PMID: 35801423 PMCID: PMC9901894 DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2022.7525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The risk of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is higher in patients with diabetes mellitus, and diabetes mellitus is one of the metabolic complications of HBV infection. However, the cytokine profile of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is not fully understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the cytokine expression profile in CHB patients with T2DM, and to assess the regulatory function of cytokines to regulatory T cells (Tregs). Forty-four T2DM patients, 39 CHB patients, 17 patients with CHB and T2DM, and 21 control subjects were enrolled. Cytokine levels in the plasma were measured by Luminex multiplex assay. CD4+CD25+CD127dim/- Tregs were detected by flow cytometry. Tregs were purified and stimulated with recombinant human interleukin-15 (IL-15). The regulation of IL-15 on Tregs function was investigated by measuring cell number, IL-10/IL-35 secretion, and mRNA expression of immune checkpoint molecules in a Tregs+PBMC co-culture system. We found that levels of IL-1α, IL-6, and IL-33 were upregulated, while IFN-α, IL-2, IL-7, and IL-15 were downregulated in T2DM and CHB patients. CHB patients with T2DM had even lower plasma IL-7 and IL-15 levels. Tregs percentage was elevated in T2DM and CHB patients. CHB patients with T2DM had increased levels of Tregs, which correlated negatively with IL-15. Tregs showed stronger inhibitory activity in CHB patients with T2DM than in controls, T2DM, and CHB patients, which presented as reduction in cellular proliferation and induction of IL-10/IL-35 secretion. IL-15 suppressed Tregs function and inhibited the expression of immune checkpoint molecules in Tregs. The current data suggest that insufficient IL-15 levels and decreased responsiveness of Tregs to IL-15 signaling might contribute to strong immune dysfunction in CHB patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang He
- Department of Endocrinology, Xi’an No. 1 Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Shu Hao
- Department of Endocrinology, Xi’an No. 1 Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiaohui Dong
- Department of Endocrinology, Xi’an No. 1 Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xi’an No. 1 Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhen Jia
- Department of Endocrinology, Xi’an No. 1 Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China,Correspondence to Zhen Jia:
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15
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Song Y, He C, Jiang Y, Yang M, Xu Z, Yuan L, Zhang W, Xu Y. Bulk and single-cell transcriptome analyses of islet tissue unravel gene signatures associated with pyroptosis and immune infiltration in type 2 diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1132194. [PMID: 36967805 PMCID: PMC10034023 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1132194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a common chronic heterogeneous metabolic disorder. However, the roles of pyroptosis and infiltrating immune cells in islet dysfunction of patients with T2D have yet to be explored. In this study, we aimed to explore potential crucial genes and pathways associated with pyroptosis and immune infiltration in T2D. METHODS To achieve this, we performed a conjoint analysis of three bulk RNA-seq datasets of islets to identify T2D-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs). After grouping the islet samples according to their ESTIMATE immune scores, we identified immune- and T2D-related DEGs. A clinical prediction model based on pyroptosis-related genes for T2D was constructed. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis was performed to identify genes positively correlated with pyroptosis-related pathways. A protein-protein interaction network was established to identify pyroptosis-related hub genes. We constructed miRNA and transcriptional networks based on the pyroptosis-related hub genes and performed functional analyses. Single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) was conducted using the GSE153885 dataset. Dimensionality was reduced using principal component analysis and t-distributed statistical neighbor embedding, and cells were clustered using Seurat. Different cell types were subjected to differential gene expression analysis and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Cell-cell communication and pseudotime trajectory analyses were conducted using the samples from patients with T2D. RESULTS We identified 17 pyroptosis-related hub genes. We determined the abundance of 13 immune cell types in the merged matrix and found that these cell types were correlated with the 17 pyroptosis-related hub genes. Analysis of the scRNA-seq dataset of 1892 islet samples from patients with T2D and controls revealed 11 clusters. INS and IAPP were determined to be pyroptosis-related and candidate hub genes among the 11 clusters. GSEA of the 11 clusters demonstrated that the myc, G2M checkpoint, and E2F pathways were significantly upregulated in clusters with several differentially enriched pathways. DISCUSSION This study elucidates the gene signatures associated with pyroptosis and immune infiltration in T2D and provides a critical resource for understanding of islet dysfunction and T2D pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxian Song
- Department of Endocrinology, Yunnan Province Clinical Medical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Chen He
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, Yunnan Province Clinical Medical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Mengshi Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Yunnan Province Clinical Medical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhao Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Yunnan Province Clinical Medical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Lingyan Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Yunnan Province Clinical Medical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Wenhua Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Yunnan Province Clinical Medical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yushan Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Yunnan Province Clinical Medical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Yushan Xu,
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16
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Ennis CS, Llevenes P, Qiu Y, Dries R, Denis GV. The crosstalk within the breast tumor microenvironment in type II diabetes: Implications for cancer disparities. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1044670. [PMID: 36531496 PMCID: PMC9751481 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1044670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity-driven (type 2) diabetes (T2D), the most common metabolic disorder, both increases the incidence of all molecular subtypes of breast cancer and decreases survival in postmenopausal women. Despite this clear link, T2D and the associated dysfunction of diverse tissues is often not considered during the standard of care practices in oncology and, moreover, is treated as exclusion criteria for many emerging clinical trials. These guidelines have caused the biological mechanisms that associate T2D and breast cancer to be understudied. Recently, it has been illustrated that the breast tumor microenvironment (TME) composition and architecture, specifically the surrounding cellular and extracellular structures, dictate tumor progression and are directly relevant for clinical outcomes. In addition to the epithelial cancer cell fraction, the breast TME is predominantly made up of cancer-associated fibroblasts, adipocytes, and is often infiltrated by immune cells. During T2D, signal transduction among these cell types is aberrant, resulting in a dysfunctional breast TME that communicates with nearby cancer cells to promote oncogenic processes, cancer stem-like cell formation, pro-metastatic behavior and increase the risk of recurrence. As these cells are non-malignant, despite their signaling abnormalities, data concerning their function is never captured in DNA mutational databases, thus we have limited insight into mechanism from publicly available datasets. We suggest that abnormal adipocyte and immune cell exhaustion within the breast TME in patients with obesity and metabolic disease may elicit greater transcriptional plasticity and cellular heterogeneity within the expanding population of malignant epithelial cells, compared to the breast TME of a non-obese, metabolically normal patient. These challenges are particularly relevant to cancer disparities settings where the fraction of patients seen within the breast medical oncology practice also present with co-morbid obesity and metabolic disease. Within this review, we characterize the changes to the breast TME during T2D and raise urgent molecular, cellular and translational questions that warrant further study, considering the growing prevalence of T2D worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina S. Ennis
- Boston University-Boston Medical Center Cancer Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Pablo Llevenes
- Boston University-Boston Medical Center Cancer Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Yuhan Qiu
- Boston University-Boston Medical Center Cancer Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ruben Dries
- Boston University-Boston Medical Center Cancer Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- Division of Computational Biomedicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Gerald V. Denis
- Boston University-Boston Medical Center Cancer Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- Shipley Prostate Cancer Research Professor, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
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17
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Moldenhauer LM, Hull ML, Foyle KL, McCormack CD, Robertson SA. Immune–Metabolic Interactions and T Cell Tolerance in Pregnancy. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 209:1426-1436. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Pregnancy depends on a state of maternal immune tolerance mediated by CD4+ regulatory T (Treg) cells. Uterine Treg cells release anti-inflammatory factors, inhibit effector immunity, and support adaptation of the uterine vasculature to facilitate placental development. Insufficient Treg cells or inadequate functional competence is implicated in infertility and recurrent miscarriage, as well as pregnancy complications preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, and preterm birth, which stem from placental insufficiency. In this review we address an emerging area of interest in pregnancy immunology–the significance of metabolic status in regulating the Treg cell expansion required for maternal–fetal tolerance. We describe how hyperglycemia and insulin resistance affect T cell responses to suppress generation of Treg cells, summarize data that implicate a role for altered glucose metabolism in impaired maternal–fetal tolerance, and explore the prospect of targeting dysregulated metabolism to rebalance the adaptive immune response in women experiencing reproductive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lachlan M. Moldenhauer
- *Robinson Research Institute and School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; and
| | - M. Louise Hull
- *Robinson Research Institute and School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; and
| | - Kerrie L. Foyle
- *Robinson Research Institute and School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; and
| | - Catherine D. McCormack
- *Robinson Research Institute and School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; and
- †Women’s and Children’s Hospital, North Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sarah A. Robertson
- *Robinson Research Institute and School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; and
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Lee CH, Gray V, Teo JMN, Tam AR, Fong CHY, Lui DTW, Pang P, Chan KH, Hung IFN, Tan KCB, Ling GS. Comparing the B and T cell-mediated immune responses in patients with type 2 diabetes receiving mRNA or inactivated COVID-19 vaccines. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1018393. [PMID: 36304475 PMCID: PMC9592994 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1018393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquiring protective immunity through vaccination is essential, especially for patients with type 2 diabetes who are vulnerable for adverse clinical outcomes during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with immune dysfunction. Here, we evaluated the impact of T2D on the immunological responses induced by mRNA (BNT162b2) and inactivated (CoronaVac) vaccines, the two most commonly used COVID-19 vaccines. The study consisted of two parts. In Part 1, the sera titres of IgG antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) alpha receptor binding domain (RBD), their neutralizing capacity, and antigen-specific CD4+T and CD8+T cell responses at 3-6 months after vaccination were compared between BNT162b2 (n=60) and CoronaVac (n=50) vaccinees with or without T2D. Part 2 was a time-course study investigating the initial B and T cell responses induced by BNT162b2 among vaccinees (n=16) with or without T2D. Our data showed that T2D impaired both cellular and humoral immune responses induced by CoronaVac. For BNT162b2, T2D patients displayed a reduction in CD4+T-helper 1 (Th1) differentiation following their first dose. However, this initial defect was rectified by the second dose of BNT162b2, resulting in comparable levels of memory CD4+ and CD8+T cells, anti-RBD IgG, and neutralizing antibodies with healthy individuals at 3-6 months after vaccination. Hence, T2D influences the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines depending on their platform. Our findings provide a potential mechanism for the susceptibility of developing adverse outcomes observed in COVID-19 patients with T2D and received either CoronaVac or just one dose of BNT162b2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Ho Lee
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Victor Gray
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jia Ming Nickolas Teo
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Anthony Raymond Tam
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Carol Ho-Yi Fong
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - David Tak-Wai Lui
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Polly Pang
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kwok Hung Chan
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ivan Fan-Ngai Hung
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Guang Sheng Ling, ; Ivan Fan-Ngai Hung, ; Kathryn Choon-Beng Tan,
| | - Kathryn Choon-Beng Tan
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Guang Sheng Ling, ; Ivan Fan-Ngai Hung, ; Kathryn Choon-Beng Tan,
| | - Guang Sheng Ling
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Guang Sheng Ling, ; Ivan Fan-Ngai Hung, ; Kathryn Choon-Beng Tan,
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19
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DeMaio A, Mehrotra S, Sambamurti K, Husain S. The role of the adaptive immune system and T cell dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:251. [PMID: 36209107 PMCID: PMC9548183 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02605-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The adaptive immune system and associated inflammation are vital in surveillance and host protection against internal and external threats, but can secondarily damage host tissues. The central nervous system is immune-privileged and largely protected from the circulating inflammatory pathways. However, T cell involvement and the disruption of the blood-brain barriers have been linked to several neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and multiple sclerosis. Under normal physiological conditions, regulatory T cells (Treg cells) dampen the inflammatory response of effector T cells. In the pathological states of many neurodegenerative disorders, the ability of Treg cells to mitigate inflammation is reduced, and a pro-inflammatory environment persists. This perspective review provides current knowledge on the roles of T cell subsets (e.g., effector T cells, Treg cells) in neurodegenerative and ocular diseases, including uveitis, diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, and glaucoma. Many neurodegenerative and ocular diseases have been linked to immune dysregulation, but the cellular events and molecular mechanisms involved in such processes remain largely unknown. Moreover, the role of T cells in ocular pathologies remains poorly defined and limited literature is available in this area of research. Adoptive transfer of Treg cells appears to be a vital immunological approach to control ocular pathologies. Similarities in T cell dysfunction seen among non-ocular neurodegenerative diseases suggest that this area of research has a great potential to develop better therapeutic agents for ocular diseases and warrants further studies. Overall, this perspective review article provides significant information on the roles of T cells in numerous ocular and non-ocular neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa DeMaio
- Department of Ophthalmology, Storm Eye Institute, Room 713, Medical University of South Carolina, 167 Ashley Ave, SC, 29425, Charleston, USA
| | - Shikhar Mehrotra
- Department of Surgery, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, SC, 29425, Charleston, USA
| | - Kumar Sambamurti
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, SC, 29425, Charleston, USA
| | - Shahid Husain
- Department of Ophthalmology, Storm Eye Institute, Room 713, Medical University of South Carolina, 167 Ashley Ave, SC, 29425, Charleston, USA.
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Boroumand AB, Forouhi M, Karimi F, Moghadam AS, Naeini LG, Kokabian P, Naderi D. Immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines in patients with diabetes mellitus: A systematic review. Front Immunol 2022; 13:940357. [PMID: 36105809 PMCID: PMC9465310 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.940357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) through a systematic approach. Method A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science with no time restrictions. The search was based on the three main concepts: Covid-19, Vaccine immunogenicity and Diabetes Mellitus. Results After excluding irrelevant studies, 16 studies remained for the quantitative assay. Among the sixteen studies, eleven had controls. Type of diabetes was specifically mentioned in six studies (T2DM; n=4, T1DM and T2DM; n=2). Twelve of the included studies were conducted on the immunogenicity of vaccines that included mRNA vaccines (i.e. BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273) in DM, five studies included vector-based vaccines (i.e. Ad5-nCoV and ChAdOx1-S), and five studies assessed the immunogenicity of vaccines in DM, including inactivated vaccines (i.e. BBV-152, CoronaVac, Sinopharm or SinoVac). Most of the current studies indicate lower antibody response in patients with DM compared to individuals without DM, after the second dose of vaccine and irrespective of vaccine type. Several studies have shown that higher age and higher BMI are associated with lower antibody response, while optimum glycemic control and higher GFR are associated with higher antibody response among patients with DM. Conclusion Immunogenicity of the vaccines has mostly been reported to be lower among patients with DM compared to healthy controls. There are also few studies assessing variables that significantly affect this association, including age, type of diabetes, BMI, glycemic control and eGFR. Investigating these associations could help us provide the most advantageous condition for patients with DM before, during and after vaccination for optimum antibody response. Many unresolved issues concerning potential factors affecting vaccine immunogenicity, including type of vaccine, numbers of administered doses, re-vaccination intervals and hyperglycemia in patients with DM need to be addressed through future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Bahador Boroumand
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahtab Forouhi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | | | - Pajman Kokabian
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Delaram Naderi
- Student Research Committee, Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Delaram Naderi,
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21
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Soegiarto G, Wulandari L, Purnomosari D, Dhia Fahmita K, Ikhwan Gautama H, Tri Hadmoko S, Edwin Prasetyo M, Aulia Mahdi B, Arafah N, Prasetyaningtyas D, Prawiro Negoro P, Rosita Sigit Prakoeswa C, Endaryanto A, Gede Agung Suprabawati D, Tinduh D, Basuki Rachmad E, Astha Triyono E, Wahyuhadi J, Budi Keswardiono C, Elyana Wardani F, Mayorita F, Kristiani N, Baskoro A, Fetarayani D, Kartika Nurani W, Oceandy D. Hypertension is associated with antibody response and breakthrough infection in health care workers following vaccination with inactivated SARS-CoV-2. Vaccine 2022; 40:4046-4056. [PMID: 35660034 PMCID: PMC9135674 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Several types of vaccines have been developed to prevent the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). It is important to understand whether demographic and clinical variables affect the effectiveness of various types of vaccines. This study analysed the association between demographic/clinical factors, antibody response and vaccine effectiveness in healthcare workers vaccinated with inactivated virus. We enrolled 101 healthcare workers who received two doses of inactivated viral vaccine (CoronaVac). Blood samples were analysed at 1, 3, and 5 months after the second dose of vaccination. Data regarding demographic characteristics, medical histories, and clinical parameters were collected by interview and medical examination. In a separate retrospective study, we analysed the incidence of vaccine breakthrough infection on 2714 healthcare workers who received two doses of inactivated viral vaccine. Medical histories and demographic data were collected using a structured self-reported questionnaire. We found that antibody titres markedly increased at 1 month after vaccination but gradually decreased at 3–5 months post-vaccination. We observed a significant association between age (≥40 years) and antibody level, whereas sex and body mass index (BMI) exhibited no effect on antibody titres. Amongst clinical variables analysed, high blood pressure and history of hypertension were significantly correlated with lower antibody titres. Consistently, we found a significant association in the retrospective study between hypertension and the incidence of breakthrough infection. In conclusion, our results showed that hypertension is associated with lower antibody titres and breakthrough infection following COVID-19 vaccination. Thus, blood pressure control might be important to improve the efficacy of inactivated virus vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gatot Soegiarto
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga - Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia.
| | - Laksmi Wulandari
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga - Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Dewajani Purnomosari
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Karin Dhia Fahmita
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga - Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Hendra Ikhwan Gautama
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga - Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Satrio Tri Hadmoko
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga - Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Edwin Prasetyo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga - Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Bagus Aulia Mahdi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga - Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Nur Arafah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga - Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Dewi Prasetyaningtyas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga - Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Pujo Prawiro Negoro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga - Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Cita Rosita Sigit Prakoeswa
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga - Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Anang Endaryanto
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga - Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Desak Gede Agung Suprabawati
- Division of Oncology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga - Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Damayanti Tinduh
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga - Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Eka Basuki Rachmad
- Medical Service Bureau, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Erwin Astha Triyono
- Division of Tropical Disease and Infection, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga - Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Joni Wahyuhadi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga - Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Fitriyah Mayorita
- Syarifah Ambami Rato Ebu Hospital, Bangkalan, Madura, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Nunuk Kristiani
- Syarifah Ambami Rato Ebu Hospital, Bangkalan, Madura, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Ari Baskoro
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga - Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Deasy Fetarayani
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga - Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Wita Kartika Nurani
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga - Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Delvac Oceandy
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.
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22
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Robertson SA, Moldenhauer LM, Green ES, Care AS, Hull ML. Immune determinants of endometrial receptivity: a biological perspective. Fertil Steril 2022; 117:1107-1120. [PMID: 35618356 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2022.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Immune cells are essential for endometrial receptivity to embryo implantation and early placental development. They exert tissue-remodeling and immune regulatory roles-acting to promote epithelial attachment competence, regulate the differentiation of decidual cells, remodel the uterine vasculature, control and resolve inflammatory activation, and suppress destructive immunity to paternally inherited alloantigens. From a biological perspective, the endometrial immune response exerts a form of "quality control"-it promotes implantation success when conditions are favorable but constrains receptivity when physiological circumstances are not ideal. Women with recurrent implantation failure and recurrent miscarriage may exhibit altered numbers or disturbed function of certain uterine immune cell populations-most notably uterine natural killer cells and regulatory T cells. Preclinical and animal studies indicate that deficiencies or aberrant activation states in these cells can be causal in the pathophysiological mechanisms of infertility. Immune cells are, therefore, targets for diagnostic evaluation and therapeutic intervention. However, current diagnostic tests are overly simplistic and have limited clinical utility. To be more informative, they need to account for the full complexity and reflect the range of perturbations that can occur in uterine immune cell phenotypes and networks. Moreover, safe and effective interventions to modulate these cells are in their infancy, and personalized approaches matched to specific diagnostic criteria will be needed. Here we summarize current biological understanding and identify knowledge gaps to be resolved before the promise of therapies to target the uterine immune response can be fully realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Robertson
- Robinson Research Institute and School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Lachlan M Moldenhauer
- Robinson Research Institute and School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ella S Green
- Robinson Research Institute and School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Alison S Care
- Robinson Research Institute and School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - M Louise Hull
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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23
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Rangsrisaeneepitak V, Porntharukchareon T, Dechates B, Sirisreetreerux S, Tawinprai K. Antibody levels in people with diabetes after one dose of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) vaccine. Diabetol Int 2022; 13:637-643. [PMID: 35528950 PMCID: PMC9068501 DOI: 10.1007/s13340-022-00582-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Patients with diabetes and coexistent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have a higher risk of COVID-19 complications. Therefore, it is critical that sustained and effective immunogenicity against COVID-19 is achieved in such patients. This study evaluates the antibody response for 56 days after the first dose of the AZD1222 vaccine in subjects with and without diabetes to assess the potential risk of delaying the second dose. This study included 282 people who received one dose of AZD1222. The geometric mean concentration of antibodies specific for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 IgG at 56 days was significantly (P < 0.001) lower in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D; 15.13 BAU/mL, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 10.7–21.4) than in those without diabetes (40.20 BAU/mL, 95% CI = 33.43–48.36), as confirmed by a geometric mean ratio of 0.37 (95% CI = 0.25–0.54). Weaker immune responses were also observed in diabetic patients ≥ 65 years old (10.09 BAU/mL, 95% CI = 6.09–16.71) compared with their younger counterparts (22.31 BAU/mL, 95% CI = 13.98–35.59, P = 0.034). People with T2D had weaker antibody responses than those without diabetes after the first dose of AZD1222. Older age was associated with weaker antibody responses in elderly patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vimonsri Rangsrisaeneepitak
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Unit, Department of Medicine, Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thachanun Porntharukchareon
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Unit, Department of Medicine, Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Bothamai Dechates
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Unit, Department of Medicine, Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Supamas Sirisreetreerux
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Unit, Department of Medicine, Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kriangkrai Tawinprai
- Infectious Disease Unit, Department of Medicine, Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
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24
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Alsamahi S, Milne TM, Hussaini H, Rich AM, Friedlander LT. Type 2 diabetes and the clinically normal pulp - An in-vitro study. Int Endod J 2022; 55:660-671. [PMID: 35322881 PMCID: PMC9324782 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aim The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of type 2 diabetes (T2D) on clinically normal dental pulp tissue by using special stains and immunohistochemistry (IHC) to determine the morphology of the coronal pulp and distribution of immune markers in non‐T2D and T2D groups. Methodology Ethics approval for this in vitro pilot study was obtained from the University of Otago Human Ethics Committee (16/069). Twenty extracted permanent molar teeth diagnosed as having clinically normal pulp status were collected. Ten teeth were from participants with well‐controlled T2D and ten from participants without diabetes (non‐T2D). Each tooth was sectioned transversely at the cemento‐enamel junction before the crowns were decalcified and embedded in paraffin. Sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin, Massons trichrome, and van Gieson stains for histological and morphological evaluation. IHC using anti‐CD4, anti‐CD68 and anti‐CD83 and anti‐IL1β, anti‐IL6, anti‐IL17, anti‐TNF‐α, anti‐TLR2, anti‐TLR4 and anti‐FOXP3 identified proteins of interest. Qualitative and semi‐quantitative analyses evaluated the morphology of the dental pulp and protein expression. Data analyses were performed with GraphPad Prism, using Student's t‐test and multiple regression using SPSS at p < .05. Results Special stains demonstrated morphological differences in the T2D dental pulp compared with non‐T2D. Qualitative analysis indicated that the pulp in the T2D samples was consistently less cellular, less vascular, showed evidence of thickened blood vessel walls, increased pulp calcification and collagen deposition. Semi‐quantitative analysis of IHC samples showed the T2D pulp had significantly increased expression of macrophage and dendritic cell markers CD68 (p < .001) and CD83 (p = .04), and there was significantly greater expression of inflammatory cytokines IL1β (p = .01), IL6 (p < .0001), IL17 (p < .0001) and TNF‐α (p = .01). T2D samples showed a significant increase in markers of innate inflammation, TLR2 (p < .001) and TLR4 (p < .001) and decreased expression of regulatory T‐cell marker, FOXP3 (p = .01). Multiple regression showed that age‐corrected differences were statistically significant. Conclusion Preliminary findings suggest that T2D may exert a similar response in the pulp to complications in other body sites. Hyperglycaemia is associated with changes in the morphology of the clinically normal dental pulp with altered immune cell and cytokine expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Alsamahi
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago
| | - T M Milne
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago
| | - H Hussaini
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago
| | - A M Rich
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago
| | - L T Friedlander
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago
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25
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Xiao QP, Zhong YB, Kang ZP, Huang JQ, Fang WY, Wei SY, Long J, Li SS, Zhao HM, Liu DY. Curcumin regulates the homeostasis of Th17/Treg and improves the composition of gut microbiota in type 2 diabetic mice with colitis. Phytother Res 2022; 36:1708-1723. [PMID: 35234309 PMCID: PMC9310646 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most common complications in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). Curcumin has a wide range of bioactive and pharmacological properties and is commonly used as an adjunct to the treatment of UC and DM. However, the role of curcumin in UC complicated by DM has not been elucidated. Therefore, this study was conducted to construct a model of UC complicating diabetes by inducing UC in DB mice (spontaneously diabetic) with dextran sodium sulfate. In this study, curcumin (100 mg/kg/day) significantly improved the symptoms of diabetes complicated by UC, with a lower insulin level, heavier weight, longer and lighter colons, fewer mucosal ulcers and less inflammatory cell infiltration. Moreover, compared to untreated DB mice with colitis, curcumin‐treated mice showed weaker Th17 responses and stronger Treg responses. In addition, curcumin regulated the diversity and relative abundance of intestinal microbiota in mice with UC complicated by DM at the phylum, class, order, family and genus levels. Collectively, curcumin effectively alleviated colitis in mice with type 2 diabetes mellitus by restoring the homeostasis of Th17/Treg and improving the composition of the intestinal microbiota
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Ping Xiao
- Laboratory Animal Research Center for Science and Technology, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China.,Research and Development Department, Jiangzhong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Nanchang, China
| | - You-Bao Zhong
- Laboratory Animal Research Center for Science and Technology, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Model of TCM Syndromes of Depression, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Zeng-Ping Kang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Jia-Qi Huang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Wei-Yan Fang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Si-Yi Wei
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Jian Long
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Shan-Shan Li
- Laboratory Animal Research Center for Science and Technology, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Hai-Mei Zhao
- Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Duan-Yong Liu
- Formula-Pattern Research Center, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
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26
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Irwandi RA, Kuswandani SO, Harden S, Marletta D, D'Aiuto F. Circulating inflammatory cell profiling and periodontitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Leukoc Biol 2022; 111:1069-1096. [PMID: 35199874 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.5ru1021-524r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a key driver of common noncommunicable diseases. Among common triggers of inflammation, chronic gingival inflammation (periodontitis) triggers a consistent humoral host inflammatory response, but little is known on its impact on circulating inflammatory cell profiles. We aimed to systematically appraise all the evidence linking periodontitis and its treatment to circulating inflammatory cell profiles. From 6 databases, 157 studies were eligible for qualitative synthesis and 29 studies for meta-analysis. Our meta-analysis showed that participants with periodontitis exhibited a significant mean increase in circulating CD4+ , CD4+ CD45RO+ , IFNγ-expressing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, CD19+ CD27+ and CD5+ B cells, CD14+ CD16+ monocytes, and CD16+ neutrophils but decrease in CD8+ T and CD14++ CD16- monocytes. Our qualitative synthesis revealed that peripheral blood neutrophils of patients with periodontitis consistently showed elevated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) when compared with those of healthy controls. Some evidence suggested that the treatment of periodontitis reversed the exaggerated ROS production, but limited and inconclusive data were found on several circulating inflammatory cell profiling. We conclude that periodontitis and its treatment are associated with minor but consistent alterations in circulating inflammatory cell profiles. These changes could represent key mechanisms explaining the association of periodontitis with other comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizky A Irwandi
- Periodontology Unit, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sandra O Kuswandani
- Periodontology Unit, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Simon Harden
- Department of Statistical Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Debora Marletta
- Cruciform Hub, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco D'Aiuto
- Periodontology Unit, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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27
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Marfella R, D'Onofrio N, Sardu C, Scisciola L, Maggi P, Coppola N, Romano C, Messina V, Turriziani F, Siniscalchi M, Maniscalco M, Boccalatte M, Napolitano G, Salemme L, Marfella LV, Basile E, Montemurro MV, Papa C, Frascaria F, Papa A, Russo F, Tirino V, Papaccio G, Galdiero M, Sasso FC, Barbieri M, Rizzo MR, Balestrieri ML, Angelillo IF, Napoli C, Paolisso G. Does poor glycaemic control affect the immunogenicity of the COVID-19 vaccination in patients with type 2 diabetes: The CAVEAT study. Diabetes Obes Metab 2022; 24:160-165. [PMID: 34494705 PMCID: PMC8653151 DOI: 10.1111/dom.14547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Marfella
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical SciencesUniversity of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”Naples
- Mediterranea CardiocentroNaples
| | - Nunzia D'Onofrio
- Department of Precision MedicineUniversity of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”NaplesItaly
| | - Celestino Sardu
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical SciencesUniversity of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”Naples
| | - Lucia Scisciola
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical SciencesUniversity of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”Naples
| | - Paolo Maggi
- Department of Infectious DiseasesSant'Anna HospitalCasertaItaly
| | - Nicola Coppola
- Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive MedicineUniversity of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”NaplesItaly
| | - Ciro Romano
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical SciencesUniversity of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”Naples
| | | | - Fabrizio Turriziani
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical SciencesUniversity of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”Naples
| | - Mario Siniscalchi
- Rehabilitation Cardiology UnitAORN “A. Cardarelli ”of NaplesNaplesItaly
| | - Mauro Maniscalco
- Rehabilitation Pneumology UnitICS Maugeri‐IRCCS of TeleseTelese TermeItaly
| | - Marco Boccalatte
- Cardiology‐UTIC‐Hemodynamic Unit“S.M. delle Grazie” Pozzuoli, ASL Napoli 2 NordPozzuoliItaly
| | - Giovanni Napolitano
- Cardiology‐UTIC Unit“San Giuliano” Hospital of Giugliano in Campania, ASL Napoli2 NordGiugliano in CampaniaItaly
| | - Luigi Salemme
- Hemodynamics Laboratory Unit“Montevergine” Clinic of Mercogliano (AV)MercoglianoItaly
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Virginia Tirino
- Department of Experimental MedicineUniversity of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”NaplesItaly
| | - Gianpaolo Papaccio
- Department of Experimental MedicineUniversity of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”NaplesItaly
| | - Marilena Galdiero
- Department of Experimental MedicineUniversity of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”NaplesItaly
| | - Ferdinando Carlo Sasso
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical SciencesUniversity of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”Naples
| | - Michelangela Barbieri
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical SciencesUniversity of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”Naples
| | - Maria Rosaria Rizzo
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical SciencesUniversity of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”Naples
| | | | | | - Claudio Napoli
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical SciencesUniversity of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”Naples
| | - Giuseppe Paolisso
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical SciencesUniversity of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”Naples
- Mediterranea CardiocentroNaples
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28
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Gao L, Liu C, Hu P, Wang N, Bao X, Wang B, Wang K, Li Y, Xue P. The role of advanced glycation end products in fracture risk assessment in postmenopausal type 2 diabetic patients. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1013397. [PMID: 36578954 PMCID: PMC9790927 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1013397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to analyze the quantitative association between advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and adjusted FRAX by rheumatoid arthritis (FRAX-RA) in postmenopausal type 2 diabetic (T2D) patients. The optimal cutoff value of AGEs was also explored, which was aimed at demonstrating the potential value of AGEs on evaluating osteoporotic fracture risk in postmenopausal T2D patients. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study including 366 postmenopausal participants (180 T2D patients [DM group] and 186 non-T2D individuals [NDM group]). All the subjects in each group were divided into three subgroups according to BMD. Physical examination, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and serum indicators (including serum AGEs, glycemic parameters, bone turnover markers and inflammation factors) were examined. The relationship between FRAX-RA, serum laboratory variables, and AGEs were explored. The optimal cutoff value of AGEs to predict the risk of osteoporotic fracture was also investigated. RESULTS Adjusting the FRAX values with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) of T2D patients reached a significantly increased MOF-RA and an increasing trend of HF-RA. AGEs level was higher in the DM group compared to the NDMs, and was positively correlated with MOF-RA (r=0.682, P<0.001) and HF-RA (r=0.677, P<0.001). The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that the area under the curve was 0.804 (P<0.001), and the optimal AGEs cut-off value was 4.156mmol/L. Subgroup analysis for T2D patients revealed an increase in TGF-β, IL-6 and SCTX in the osteoporosis group, while a decreased PINP in the osteoporosis group compared to the other two subgroups. AGEs were positively associated with FBG, HbA1c, HOMA-IR, S-CTX, IL-6 and TGF-β in T2D patients, and negatively associated with PINP. CONCLUSIONS RA-adjusted FRAX is a relevant clinical tool in evaluating fracture risk of postmenopausal T2D patients. Our study analyzed the relationship between AGEs and FRAX-RA, and explored the threshold value of AGEs for predicting fracture risk in postmenopausal T2D patients. AGEs were also associated with serum bone turnover markers and inflammation factors, indicating that the increasing level of AGEs in postmenopausal T2D patients accelerated the expression of inflammatory factors, which led to bone metabolism disorders and a higher risk of osteoporotic fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Biomechanics of Hebei Province, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Biomechanics of Hebei Province, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Pan Hu
- Trauma Medicine Center, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Center for Trauma Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Na Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Biomechanics of Hebei Province, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaoxue Bao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Biomechanics of Hebei Province, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Biomechanics of Hebei Province, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Biomechanics of Hebei Province, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yukun Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Biomechanics of Hebei Province, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- *Correspondence: Peng Xue, ; Yukun Li,
| | - Peng Xue
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Biomechanics of Hebei Province, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- *Correspondence: Peng Xue, ; Yukun Li,
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Bharmal SH, Kimita W, Ko J, Petrov MS. Cytokine signature for predicting new-onset prediabetes after acute pancreatitis: A prospective longitudinal cohort study. Cytokine 2021; 150:155768. [PMID: 34823207 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Acute inflammation of the pancreas often leads to metabolic sequelae, the most common of which is new-onset prediabetes (and, ultimately, diabetes). However, there is a lack of studies on predictors of this sequela. The aim was to investigate whether cytokines/chemokines measured at baseline are predictive of new-onset prediabetes after acute pancreatitis (NOPAP). METHODS This was a prospective longitudinal cohort study (as part of the LACERTA project) that included 68 individuals with non-necrotising acute pancreatitis who had no diabetes mellitus. Of them, 17 individuals had prediabetes at baseline and during follow-up, 37 individuals had normoglycaemia at baseline and during follow-up, and 14 individuals had normoglycaemia at baseline and developed NOPAP during follow-up. A commercially available human cytokine/chemokine multiplex kit was used to measure a total of 28 analytes at baseline. Multinomial regression analyses were conducted to investigate the associations between the cytokines/chemokines and the three study groups. RESULTS Interleukin-1β and interferon γ significantly predicted progression to NOPAP with an odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of 1.097 (1.002, 1.201) and 1.094 (1.003, 1.192), respectively (after accounting for age, sex, body mass index, and aetiology of acute pancreatitis). None of the studied cytokines/chemokines showed statistically significant associations with the antecedent prediabetes group (after accounting for the above covariates). CONCLUSION Elevated levels of interleukin-1β and interferon γ in acute pancreatitis individuals with normoglycaemia at baseline may predict progression to NOPAP during follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wandia Kimita
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Juyeon Ko
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Maxim S Petrov
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
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Corsi-Zuelli F, Deakin B, de Lima MHF, Qureshi O, Barnes NM, Upthegrove R, Louzada-Junior P, Del-Ben CM. T regulatory cells as a potential therapeutic target in psychosis? Current challenges and future perspectives. Brain Behav Immun Health 2021; 17:100330. [PMID: 34661175 PMCID: PMC7611834 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have reported that patients with psychosis, even before drug treatment, have mildly raised levels of blood cytokines relative to healthy controls. In contrast, there is a remarkable scarcity of studies investigating the cellular basis of immune function and cytokine changes in psychosis. The few flow-cytometry studies have been limited to counting the proportion of the major classes of monocyte and lymphocytes without distinguishing their pro- and anti-inflammatory subsets. Moreover, most of the investigations are cross-sectional and conducted with patients on long-term medication. These features make it difficult to eliminate confounding of illness-related changes by lifestyle factors, disease duration, and long exposure to antipsychotics. This article focuses on regulatory T cells (Tregs), cornerstone immune cells that regulate innate and adaptive immune forces and neuro-immune interactions between astrocytes and microglia. Tregs are also implicated in cardio-metabolic disorders that are common comorbidities of psychosis. We have recently proposed that Tregs are hypofunctional ('h-Tregs') in psychosis driven by our clinical findings and other independent research. Our h-Treg-glial imbalance hypothesis offers a new account for the co-occurrence of systemic immune dysregulation and mechanisms of psychosis development. This article extends our recent review, the h-Treg hypothesis, to cover new discoveries on Treg-based therapies from pre-clinical findings and their clinical implications. We provide a detailed characterisation of Treg studies in psychosis, identifying important methodological limitations and perspectives for scientific innovation. The outcomes presented in this article reaffirms our proposed h-Treg state in psychosis and reveals emerging preclinical research suggesting the potential benefit of Treg-enhancing therapies. There is a clear need for longitudinal studies conducted with drug-naïve or minimally treated patients using more sophisticated techniques of flow-cytometry, CyTOF expression markers, and in vitro co-culture assays to formally test the suppressive capacity of Tregs. Investment in Treg research offers major potential benefits in targeting emerging immunomodulatory treatment modalities on person-specific immune dysregulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Corsi-Zuelli
- Department of Neuroscience and Behaviour, Division of Psychiatry, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, 14048-900, Brazil
- Center for Research on Inflammatory Diseases – CRID, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 14048-900, Brazil
| | - Bill Deakin
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Mikhael Haruo Fernandes de Lima
- Center for Research on Inflammatory Diseases – CRID, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 14048-900, Brazil
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, 14048-900, Brazil
| | - Omar Qureshi
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Celentyx Ltd, Birmingham Research Park, Vincent Drive, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2SQ, UK
| | - Nicholas M. Barnes
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Rachel Upthegrove
- Institute for Mental Health, University of Birmingham, Prichatts Rd, Edgbaston, B152TT, UK
- Birmingham Early Intervention Service, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, B4 6NH, UK
| | - Paulo Louzada-Junior
- Center for Research on Inflammatory Diseases – CRID, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 14048-900, Brazil
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, 14048-900, Brazil
| | - Cristina Marta Del-Ben
- Department of Neuroscience and Behaviour, Division of Psychiatry, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, 14048-900, Brazil
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The impact of the Th17:Treg axis on the IgA-Biome across the glycemic spectrum. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258812. [PMID: 34669745 PMCID: PMC8528330 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Secretory IgA (SIgA) is released into mucosal surfaces where its function extends beyond that of host defense to include the shaping of resident microbial communities by mediating exclusion/inclusion of respective microbes and regulating bacterial gene expression. In this capacity, SIgA acts as the fulcrum on which host immunity and the health of the microbiota are balanced. We recently completed an analysis of the gut and salivary IgA-Biomes (16S rDNA sequencing of SIgA-coated/uncoated bacteria) in Mexican-American adults that identified IgA-Biome differences across the glycemic spectrum. As Th17:Treg ratio imbalances are associated with gut microbiome dysbiosis and chronic inflammatory conditions such as type 2 diabetes, the present study extends our prior work by examining the impact of Th17:Treg ratios (pro-inflammatory:anti-inflammatory T-cell ratios) and the SIgA response (Th17:Treg-SIgA axis) in shaping microbial communities. Examining the impact of Th17:Treg ratios (determined by epigenetic qPCR lymphocyte subset quantification) on the IgA-Biome across diabetes phenotypes identified a proportional relationship between Th17:Treg ratios and alpha diversity in the stool IgA-Biome of those with dysglycemia, significant changes in community composition of the stool and salivary microbiomes across glycemic profiles, and genera preferentially abundant by T-cell inflammatory phenotype. This is the first study to associate epigenetically quantified Th17:Treg ratios with both the larger and SIgA-fractionated microbiome, assess these associations in the context of a chronic inflammatory disease, and offers a novel frame through which to evaluate mucosal microbiomes in the context of host responses and inflammation.
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Storti F, Pulley J, Kuner P, Abt M, Luhmann UFO. Circulating Biomarkers of Inflammation and Endothelial Activation in Diabetic Retinopathy. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2021; 10:8. [PMID: 34614163 PMCID: PMC8496421 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.10.12.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and endothelial activation play a pivotal role in development and progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR), a vision-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) and the leading cause of blindness in the working age population. Easily accessible and validated biomarkers for DR early diagnosis and progression are required for use in clinical trials: here, we reviewed the available literature to understand the association of circulating levels of selected markers of inflammation and endothelial activation with the presence of nonproliferative and proliferative DR (NPDR and PDR) and investigate the relationship between their systemic and ocular levels. We additionally provide data synthesis and perform statistical analysis for interpretation of the collected evidence. CRP, IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα, sICAM1, and sVCAM1 circulating levels were increased in subjects with DM compared to healthy individuals. Moreover, TNFα and sVCAM1 showed increasing systemic levels with DR presence and severity; circulating CRP increased with the transition from no DR to NPDR, whereas IL-6 was increased in PDR compared to NDPR stages. The relationship between ocular and systemic concentrations of these proteins remained unclear due to the low number of studies with matched sampling. In conclusion, the available data supports the use of systemic biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial activation to identify DM status and DR severity. These systemic biomarkers are likely reflecting an overall state of inflammation and vascular activation in different tissues of the body, including the eyes. Prospective, longitudinal datasets are required to validate these biomarkers as predictors of early DR presence, of DR progression, or for disease monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Storti
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Translational Medicine Ophthalmology, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer Pulley
- Roche Pharma Product Development Biometrics, Biostatistics, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Welwyn Garden City, UK
| | - Pascal Kuner
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Informatics, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus Abt
- Roche Pharma Product Development Biometrics, Biostatistics, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ulrich F O Luhmann
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Translational Medicine Ophthalmology, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
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Borzouei S, Mohamadtaheri M, Zamani A, Behzad M. Reduced frequency and functional potency of CD49d - T regulatory cells in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus. Immunobiology 2021; 226:152113. [PMID: 34247018 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2021.152113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study set out to check the quantitative and qualitative properties of peripheral CD4+CD25+CD49d- T regulatory (CD49d- Treg) cells in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. This work comprised 35 newly diagnosed patients and 35 healthy controls (HCs). The frequency of FoxP3 expressing CD49d- Treg cells was determined by flow cytometry. The gene expression of FoxP3 and CD49d was assessed by real-time PCR. Suppression assays with purified CD49d- Treg cells and CD4+CD25- T conventional (Tconv) cells were done by flow cytometry. The supernatants of Tconv/CD49d- Treg co-cultures were tested for IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-17, and IL-10 using ELISA. The frequency of CD49d- Treg cells (by both CD4+CD25+CD49d- and CD4+CD25++CD49d- phenotypes) observed to be reduced in patients versus HCs. In the patients, decreased protein and gene expression of FoxP3 was seen in CD49d- Treg cells. Suppressive potency of CD49d- Treg cells to inhibit Tconv cells proliferation was diminished, and inversely related to fasting plasma glucose and hemoglobin A1c in the patients. Tconv cells from T2DM patients released higher amount of IL-17 and lower concentration of IL-10 versus HCs. In Tconv/CD49d- Tregs co-cultures, decreased IL-17 and increased IL-10 levels were seen in HCs, but not T2DM patients. CD49d- Treg cells from the patients have a fundamental defect and Treg cells fail to inhibit the aggressive inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Borzouei
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mina Mohamadtaheri
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Alireza Zamani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mahdi Behzad
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
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Ocular TGF- β, Matrix Metalloproteinases, and TIMP-1 Increase with the Development and Progression of Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Mediators Inflamm 2021; 2021:9811361. [PMID: 34257518 PMCID: PMC8257377 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9811361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a sight-threatening late complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). Even though its pathophysiology has not been fully elucidated, several studies suggested a role for transforming growth factor- (TGF-) β, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP) in the onset and progression of the disease. Consequently, the aim of this study was to analyze the concentrations of TGF-β1, TGF-β2, TGF-β3, MMP-3, MMP-9, and TIMP-1 in patients with different stages of DR in order to identify stage-specific changes in their concentrations during the progression of the disease. Serum and aqueous humor (AH) samples were collected during intraocular surgery, and eyes were classified into the following groups: healthy controls (n = 17), diabetic patients with non-apparent DR (n = 23), mild/moderate nonproliferative DR (NPDR) (n = 13), and advanced NPDR/proliferative DR (PDR) without vitreal hemorrhage (n = 14). None of the patients had been under anti-VEGF or laser treatment within six months prior to surgery. In the AH, TGF-β1 levels increased in advanced NPDR/PDR by a factor of 5.5 compared to the control group. Similarly, an increase in MMP-3 and TIMP-1 levels in the AH was evident in the later stages of DR, corresponding to a 7.7- and 2.4-fold increase compared to the control group, respectively, whereas serum levels of the studied proteins remained similar. In conclusion, increased concentrations of TGF-β1, MMP-3, and TIMP-1 in the AH, but not in the serum, in advanced NPDR/PDR indicate that the intraocular regulation for these cytokines is independent of the systemic one and suggest their involvement in the progression of DR.
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Qin W, Sun L, Dong M, An G, Zhang K, Zhang C, Meng X. Regulatory T Cells and Diabetes Mellitus. Hum Gene Ther 2021; 32:875-881. [PMID: 33975439 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2021.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune system dysfunction causes dysregulation of immune homeostasis, which in turn leads to autoimmune diseases. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a specialized T cell subpopulation that maintain peripheral tolerance and immune homeostasis. Diabetic patients are at an increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases; thus, in terms of coronary risk, diabetes mellitus (DM) is considered coronary heart disease equivalent. Accumulating evidence indicates that Tregs play an important role in protecting against the development of various cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we provide an overview of the role of Tregs in the pathogenesis of DM, including type 1 DM, type 2 DM, latent autoimmune diabetes of adults, and gestational DM. In addition, we discuss the role of Tregs in diabetic complications, including cardiovascular diseases, nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy. Tregs play a beneficial role in the pathogenesis of DM and diabetic complications, although the precise molecular mechanisms underlying the protective effect of Tregs against DM are still obscure. Collectively, modification of Tregs may provide a promising and novel future strategy for the prevention and therapy of DM and diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Qin
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Mei Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Guipeng An
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiao Meng
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Changes in the transcriptional activity of the entero-insular axis genes in streptozotocin-induced diabetes and after the administration of TNF-α non-selective blockers. Endocr Regul 2021; 54:160-171. [PMID: 32857721 DOI: 10.2478/enr-2020-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to investigate the transcriptional activity of the GLP-1R, DPP-4, SGLT-1, INSR, and IGF-1R genes in GALT cells of rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes in both untreated and treated with pentoxifylline, as a non-specific blocker of TNF-α. METHODS The expression of GLP-1R, DPP-4, SGLT-1, INSR, and IGF-1R genes in GALT cells of rats was studied by real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS It was shown that the development of diabetes was accompanied by the decrease of GLP-1R and an increase of DPP-4 genes expression in rat ileum. The administration of pentoxifyl-line to diabetic animals led to an increase in the transcriptional activity of GLP-1R on the 4th week and decrease in transcriptional activity of DPP-4 on the 2nd and 4th weeks of the experiment. An increase in the normalized expression of SGLT-1 on the 4th week of the experimental diabetes was also noted, while the administration of pentoxifylline to diabetic animals did not lead to significant changes in this index. The transcriptional activity of the INSR and IGF-1R genes was reduced in diabetic rats and the administration of the non-specific TNF-α blocker - pentoxifylline led to a significant increase only for INSR gene in animals on the 4th week of the experimental diabetes. CONCLUSIONS The expression of incretins, glucose transporters, and pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g. TNF-α) in immune cells may be used as markers of several autoimmune pathologies progression such as type 1 diabetes due to their effect on the balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory factors.
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Nyambuya TM, Dludla PV, Mxinwa V, Nkambule BB. A systematic review and meta-analysis on the regulation of programmed cell death-1 on T-cells in type 2 diabetes. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e25488. [PMID: 33847657 PMCID: PMC8052060 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000025488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To assess T-cell exhaustion mediated by programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) pathway in patients living with type 2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS MEDLINE and ProQuest electronic databases were searched for eligible studies from inception up to February 2020. The risk of bias and the quality of evidence were independently assessed by two reviewers using the modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale adapted for cross-sectional studies and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) tool, respectively. The random effects model was used to calculate effect estimates. RESULTS We identified 5 studies involving 380 participants which met the inclusion criteria. The pooled estimates showed elevated T helper cell exhaustion in patients with T2D in comparison to controls (mean difference [MD]: 2.57% [95% confidence interval [CI]: -3.84, 8.97]; I2 = 100%, P < .00001). Likewise, T2D patients had increased levels of cytotoxic T-cells exhaustion (MD: 3.09% [95% CI: -12.96, 19.14]; I2 = 100%, P < .00001). Although the upregulation of PD-1 on T-cells did not affect glucose metabolism-related profiles, it was associated with inflammation and the development of cardiovascular disease. CONCLUSION In patients living with T2D, immune dysfunction is at least in part due to T-cell exhaustion mediated by the upregulation of PD-1 expression. Therefore, the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors as a therapeutic strategy may be beneficial in restoring immune function in patients with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tawanda Maurice Nyambuya
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences (SLMMS), College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, Namibia University of Science and Technology, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Phiwayinkosi Vusi Dludla
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Vuyolwethu Mxinwa
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences (SLMMS), College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban
| | - Bongani Brian Nkambule
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences (SLMMS), College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban
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Rahimzadeh M, Naderi N. Toward an understanding of regulatory T cells in COVID-19: A systematic review. J Med Virol 2021; 93:4167-4181. [PMID: 33605463 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A more detailed understanding of Treg cells in COVID-19 infection will broaden our knowledge of the COVID-19 immunopathology and give us more insight into the curative immune-based strategies. We systematically searched electronic databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE) and identified 18 eligible studies. Despite the inconsistencies between the results, we observed a trend toward decreasing Treg levels in severe COVID-19 patients. This finding underlines the hypothesis that Tregs play a role in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. Further studies on Tregs' functional aspects are necessary to illustrate Tregs' potential role in COVID-19 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Rahimzadeh
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Nadereh Naderi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
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Chikoti S, Mahwish UN, Raju SB, Gaddam S, Jahan P. Gender bias in the genetic vulnerability towards type 2 diabetes and diabetic nephropathy: Role of forkhead box Protein3 transcription factor gene variants. Gene 2021; 774:145426. [PMID: 33444682 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Forkhead Box Protein3 Transcription Factor (FOXP3) gene is an essential role player in the function and differentiation of regulatory T cells. Polymorphisms/mutations in FOXP3 gene cause Treg cell dysfunction, promote autoimmunity and inflammation. Based on this presumption, we screened 600 subjects from south India (equal number of diabetic (T2DM), diabetic nephropathy (T2DN) and healthy controls) for promoter and intronic (rs3761548C/A and rs2294021C/T) polymorphisms of FOXP3 gene. PCR-RFLP method used for genotyping, revealed an association of promoter SNP for both T2DM (OR = 2.41, 95% C.I = 1.67-3.49; p < 0.0001) and T2DN (OR = 2.16, 95% C.I = 1.45-3.24; p < 0.005). While intronic polymorphism with T2DN (OR = 1.91, 95% C.I = 1.28-2.84; p < 0.05). Further, in females rs3761548C/A showed 2.6 and 5.5-fold; rs2294021C/T showed 2.2- and 2.5-fold predisposition towards T2DM and T2DN respectively. Males exhibited a twofold risk (OR = 2.01, 95% C.I = 1.22-3.30; p < 0.05) towards T2DM with promoter and no association with intronic polymorphism. The combined genotypes in females with AA-CC; AA-TT predisposed and CA-CC; CA-CT protected heading towards T2DM and T2DN respectively, suggesting irrespective of type of allele at intronic locus AA and CA at promoter locus promote or protect the individual for diabetes and diabetic nephropathy, further confirmed by MLR. To our knowledge, the current study is the first of its kind that revealed an association of these polymorphisms of FOXP3 gene and gender influence on T2DM and T2DN among South Indians. Functional and cell-based studies on Treg cells are warranted to confirm our results that help to develop FOXP3/Treg based therapeutic interventions. Lack of data on Treg cells is the limitation of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swetha Chikoti
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Sree Bhushan Raju
- Department of Nephrology, Nizam Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Parveen Jahan
- School of Sciences, Maulana Azad National Urdu University, Hyderabad, India.
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Yoshida K, Sakamoto N, Kurosaka D. Improvement in Polymyalgia Rheumatica Associated With Improved Control of Diabetes Mellitus: A Case Series. Ann Intern Med 2021; 174:274-276. [PMID: 32926797 DOI: 10.7326/l20-0196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ken Yoshida
- The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (K.Y., N.S., D.K.)
| | - Noriko Sakamoto
- The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (K.Y., N.S., D.K.)
| | - Daitaro Kurosaka
- The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (K.Y., N.S., D.K.)
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41
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Wang DC, Yan TT, Chen B, Liu F, Liu XP, Xie YM. SIS3, a good candidate for the reverse of type 2 diabetes mellitus in mice. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2020; 35:389-396. [PMID: 33022778 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
TGF-β signaling plays an extremely important role in the occurrence and development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and the blockade of TGF-β/Smad3 pathway protests against the high-fat diet-induced obesity and diabetes. As a specific small molecule inhibitor of Smad3 protein, the biological activities of compound SIS3 were evaluated by high-fat diet-induced T2DM model mice. In vivo results indicated that SIS3 can not only significantly reduce the body weight, fat mass, and fasting blood glucose in high-fat diet-induced T2DM model mice, but also improve insulin sensitivity and oral glucose tolerance of high-fat diet-induced T2DM model mice after the injection of SIS3 with 5 mg/kg for 45 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dao-Cai Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biologic Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biological Science and Technology, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, 445000, China
| | - Ting-Ting Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Thyroid Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Bin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Thyroid Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Thyroid Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiao-Peng Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biologic Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biological Science and Technology, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, 445000, China
| | - Yong-Mei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Thyroid Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
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42
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Lui PP, Cho I, Ali N. Tissue regulatory T cells. Immunology 2020; 161:4-17. [PMID: 32463116 PMCID: PMC7450170 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Foxp3+ CD4+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are an immune cell lineage endowed with immunosuppressive functionality in a wide array of contexts, including both anti-pathogenic and anti-self responses. In the past decades, our understanding of the functional diversity of circulating or lymphoid Tregs has grown exponentially. Only recently, the importance of Tregs residing within non-lymphoid tissues, such as visceral adipose tissue, muscle, skin and intestine, has been recognized. Not only are Tregs critical for influencing the kinetics and strength of immune responses, but the regulation of non-immune or parenchymal cells, also fall within the purview of tissue-resident or infiltrating Tregs. This review focuses on providing a systematic and comprehensive comparison of the molecular maintenance, local adaptation and functional specializations of Treg populations operating within different tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prudence PokWai Lui
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative MedicineSchool of Basic and Biomedical SciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Inchul Cho
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative MedicineSchool of Basic and Biomedical SciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Niwa Ali
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative MedicineSchool of Basic and Biomedical SciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
- The Francis Crick InstituteLondonUK
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Somani J, Ramchandran S, Lähdesmäki H. A personalised approach for identifying disease-relevant pathways in heterogeneous diseases. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2020; 6:17. [PMID: 32518234 PMCID: PMC7283216 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-020-0130-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous time-course gene expression datasets have been generated for studying the biological dynamics that drive disease progression; and nearly as many methods have been proposed to analyse them. However, barely any method exists that can appropriately model time-course data while accounting for heterogeneity that entails many complex diseases. Most methods manage to fulfil either one of those qualities, but not both. The lack of appropriate methods hinders our capability of understanding the disease process and pursuing preventive treatments. We present a method that models time-course data in a personalised manner using Gaussian processes in order to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs); and combines the DEG lists on a pathway-level using a permutation-based empirical hypothesis testing in order to overcome gene-level variability and inconsistencies prevalent to datasets from heterogenous diseases. Our method can be applied to study the time-course dynamics, as well as specific time-windows of heterogeneous diseases. We apply our personalised approach on three longitudinal type 1 diabetes (T1D) datasets, where the first two are used to determine perturbations taking place during early prognosis of the disease, as well as in time-windows before autoantibody positivity and T1D diagnosis; and the third is used to assess the generalisability of our method. By comparing to non-personalised methods, we demonstrate that our approach is biologically motivated and can reveal more insights into progression of heterogeneous diseases. With its robust capabilities of identifying disease-relevant pathways, our approach could be useful for predicting events in the progression of heterogeneous diseases and even for biomarker identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhi Somani
- Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, 02150, Espoo, Finland
| | | | - Harri Lähdesmäki
- Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, 02150, Espoo, Finland.
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44
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Hsu JY, Su YC, Wang JH, Tee BL. Long-term stroke incidence in proximal thoracic aorta aneurysm survivors. Int J Stroke 2020; 15:421-428. [PMID: 30940046 DOI: 10.1177/1747493019840944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aneurysm of proximal thoracic aorta (pTAA) is an often indolent, yet fatal disease. Although advancements in aneurysmal repair techniques have increased long-term survival rates, studies have proven that there are increases in perioperative risk for stroke incidence after pTAA surgery. Conversely, there is little evidence regarding the long-term stroke incidence in pTAA individuals, which strongly influences the morbidity, mortality, and usage of antithrombotic agents. METHODS Using the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database, a nationwide population-based cohort, we recruited 3013 pTAA survivors hospitalized from 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2012. To ensure study cohort quality, only patients aged 20 years and above who underwent aneurysmal repair surgery are included. The control cohort is identified by matching background features (comorbidities, age, gender) at a 1:4 ratio through the use of frequency matching. The primary outcomes include incidence of ischemic stroke and intracranial hemorrhage one month after aneurysmal repair surgery. RESULTS The mortality of pTAA survivors is nearly twice of the matched controls despite aneurysmal repair (28.5 % vs. 15.2%, p < 0.001). Long-term follow-up of participants indicated that pTAA survivors had a higher risk for hemorrhage stroke (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR): 1.93; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.47-2.53), but no significant increase in risk for ischemic stroke (aHR: 1.07; 95% CI: 0.92-1.25). Hemorrhagic stroke occurrence was found to be associated with age and diabetes mellitus. Comparison on hemorrhagic stroke subtypes between study and matched cohorts showed no statistical differences in intracerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage. CONCLUSIONS Despite the advancement of aneurysmal repair surgery, this study suggests that pTAA patients may still face an increased risk of hemorrhage stroke. Further investigation is warranted to provide better long-term care for the pTAA population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Yi Hsu
- Department of Neurology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien
| | - Yuan-Chih Su
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung
| | - Jen-Hung Wang
- Department of Medical Research, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien
| | - Boon Lead Tee
- Department of Neurology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien
- Global Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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45
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Islam J, Lee HJ, Yang SH, Kim DK, Joo KW, Kim YS, Seo SU, Seong SY, Lee DS, Youn JI, Han SS. Expansion of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Correlates with Renal Progression in Type 2 Diabetic Nephropathy. Immune Netw 2020; 20:e18. [PMID: 32395370 PMCID: PMC7192828 DOI: 10.4110/in.2020.20.e18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetic nephropathy (T2DN) progresses with an increasingly inflammatory milieu, wherein various immune cells are relevant. Herein, we investigated the levels of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and their clinical implication in patients with T2DN. A total of 91 subjects (T2DN, n=80; healthy, n=11) were recruited and their PBMCs were used for flow cytometric analysis of polymorphonuclear (PMN-) and monocytic (M-) MDSCs, in addition to other immune cell subsets. The risk of renal progression was evaluated according to the quartiles of MDSC levels using the Cox model. The proportion of MDSCs in T2DN patients was higher than in healthy individuals (median, 6.7% vs. 2.5%). PMN-MDSCs accounted for 96% of MDSCs, and 78% of PMN-MDSCs expressed Lox-1. The expansion of PMN-MDSCs was not related to the stage of T2DN or other kidney disease parameters such as glomerular filtration rate and proteinuria. The production of ROS in PMN-MDSCs of patients was higher than in neutrophils of patients or in immune cells of healthy individuals, and this production was augmented under hyperglycemic conditions. The 4th quartile group of PMN-MDSCs had a higher risk of renal progression than the 1st quartile group, irrespective of adjusting for multiple clinical and laboratory variables. In conclusion, PMN-MDSCs are expanded in patients with T2DN, and may represent as an immunological biomarker of renal progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahirul Islam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Hack June Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Seung Hee Yang
- Kidney Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Dong Ki Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.,Kidney Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Kwon Wook Joo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.,Kidney Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Yon Su Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.,Kidney Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Sang-Uk Seo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.,Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Hongcheon 25159, Korea
| | - Seung-Yong Seong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.,Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Hongcheon 25159, Korea.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Dong-Sup Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Je-In Youn
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.,Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Hongcheon 25159, Korea.,Research Institute, ProGen Inc., Seongnam 13488, Korea
| | - Seung Seok Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.,Kidney Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
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Gruber ES, Jomrich G, Kaider A, Gnant M, Sahora K, Schindl M. The Prognostic Index Independently Predicts Survival in Patients with Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Undergoing Resection. Ann Surg Oncol 2020; 27:2017-2024. [PMID: 31900809 PMCID: PMC7210221 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-019-08161-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer-related inflammation is associated with tumour proliferation, maintenance and dissemination. It therefore impacts pancreatic cancer survival. The goal of this study was to examine the Prognostic Index (PI) as a prognostic biomarker for survival in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). In addition, we explored factors known to interact with the immune and inflammation cascade that might interfere with the PI's strength for prognostication. METHODS Patients with PDAC undergoing resection were analysed retrospectively. The PI was calculated from preoperatively derived C-reactive protein levels and white blood count. Data were subject to correlation and survival analysis. RESULTS Of 357 patients, 235 (65.8%) patients had a PI 0, 108 (30.3%) PI 1, and 14 (3.9%) PI 2. Median (quartiles) survival with a high PI (group 1 + 2) was 13.2 months (7.7-27.0), compared with 18.7 months (10.2-35.4) with a low PI (group 0; p = 0.012). The PI proved to be an independent prognostic factor for cancer-specific survival (p = 0.003) adjusted for conventional prognostic factors. Prognostic strength was influenced by the presence of a bile stent (p = 0.032). CONCLUSIONS The PI is a strong and solid independent prognostic tool for survival in patients with PDAC undergoing resection. Preoperative survey of inflammatory activity as provided by the use of a biomarker like the PI may help to identify those patients at risk of a poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth S Gruber
- Pancreatic Cancer Unit, Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerd Jomrich
- Pancreatic Cancer Unit, Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexandra Kaider
- Section for Clinical Biometrics, Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Gnant
- Pancreatic Cancer Unit, Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaus Sahora
- Pancreatic Cancer Unit, Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Schindl
- Pancreatic Cancer Unit, Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Th17 and regulatory T cells in patients with different time of progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cent Eur J Immunol 2020; 45:29-36. [PMID: 32425677 PMCID: PMC7226552 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2020.94670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by chronic inflammation, in which different types of immune cells participate, such as TH17 cells and Treg cells. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between Treg and Th17 in patients with different times of T2DM progression. Material and methods Nineteen control subjects and 40 patients with T2DM were included. T2DM patients were classified into two groups: the first group consisted of twenty patients with less than10 years of disease progression (T2DM < 10), and the second group included 20 patients with a disease progression of 10 years or more (T2DM ≥ 10). Additionally, an analysis was performed according to the metabolic control, depending on HbA1c levels. The peripheral blood ratio of both Th17 and Treg cells was measured by standard flow cytometry protocols. Results No significant difference was found in Th17 cells of patients with T2DM < 10 or T2DM ≥ 10 and controls. With respect to CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ and CD4+CD25h Treg cells, a significant decrease was observed in patients with T2DM ≥ 10, mainly in patients with poor or moderate metabolic control. Statistical analysis performed in all patients with T2DM revealed a decrease in three cell subsets as well a negative correlation between Th17 cells and total cholesterol, CD4+CD25h cells with glucose and HbA1c levels, while a positive correlation was observed between CD4+CD25h cells and BMI. Conclusions A decrease on both Treg and Th17 cell subsets in T2DM patients was observed suggesting that the metabolic decontrol and the progression time of T2DM could modify the proportions of Th17 and Treg cells.
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Staats J. Immunophenotyping of Human Regulatory T Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 2032:141-177. [PMID: 31522418 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9650-6_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells, also known as Tregs, play a pivotal role in maintaining homeostasis of the immune system and self-tolerance. Tregs express CD3, CD4, CD25, and FOXP3 but lack CD127. CD4 and CD3 identify helper T lymphocytes, of which Tregs are a subset. CD25 is IL-2Rα, an essential activation marker that is expressed in high levels on Tregs. FOXP3 is the canonical transcription factor, important in the development, maintenance, and identification of Tregs. CD127 is IL-7 receptor, expressed inversely with suppression, and is therefore downregulated on Tregs. Flow cytometry is a powerful tool that is capable of simultaneously measuring Tregs along with several markers associated with subpopulations of Tregs, activation, maturation, proliferation, and surrogates of functional suppression. This chapter describes a multicolor flow cytometry-based approach to measure human Tregs, including details for surface staining, fixation/permeabilization, intracellular/intranuclear staining, acquisition of samples on a flow cytometer, plus analysis and interpretation of resulting FCS files.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Staats
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
- Duke Immune Profiling Core, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
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49
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Singh RG, Nguyen NN, Cervantes A, Alarcon Ramos GC, Cho J, Petrov MS. Associations between intra-pancreatic fat deposition and circulating levels of cytokines. Cytokine 2019; 120:107-114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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50
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Hockenberry MJ, Pan W, Scheurer ME, Hooke MC, Taylor O, Koerner K, Montgomery D, Whitman S, Mitby P, Moore I. Influence of Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress Pathways on Longitudinal Symptom Experiences in Children With Leukemia. Biol Res Nurs 2019; 21:458-465. [PMID: 31315444 DOI: 10.1177/1099800419863160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to explore the influence of oxidative stress (F2-isoprostanes) and inflammatory (interleukin [IL]-8) biomarkers on symptom trajectories during the first 18 months of childhood leukemia treatment. METHOD A repeated-measures design was used to evaluate symptoms experienced by 218 children during treatment. A symptom cluster (fatigue, pain, and nausea) was explored over four time periods: initiation of post-induction therapy, 4 and 8 months into post-induction therapy, and the beginning of maintenance therapy (12 months postinduction). F2-isoprostanes and IL-8 were evaluated in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples collected at baseline (diagnosis) and then at the four time periods. The longitudinal relationships of these biomarkers with the symptom cluster were examined using the longitudinal parallel process. RESULTS Pain and fatigue levels were highest during the post-induction phases of treatment and decreased slightly during maintenance therapy, while nausea scores were relatively stable. Even in the later phases of treatment, children continued to experience symptoms. CSF levels of the biomarkers increased during the post-induction phases of treatment. Early increases in the biomarkers were associated with more severe symptoms during the same period; patients who had increased biomarkers over time also experienced more severe symptoms over time. CONCLUSIONS Findings reveal that children experienced symptoms throughout the course of leukemia treatment and support hypothesized longitudinal relationships of oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers with symptom severity. Activation of the biomarker pathways during treatment may explain underlying mechanisms of symptom experiences and identify which children are at risk for severe symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wei Pan
- 1 School of Nursing, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Michael E Scheurer
- 2 Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,3 Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mary C Hooke
- 4 School of Nursing, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Olga Taylor
- 2 Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,3 Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kari Koerner
- 5 College of Nursing, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - Susan Whitman
- 5 College of Nursing, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - Ida Moore
- 5 College of Nursing, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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