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Ibrahim AK, Said G, Badr MM. Exploring the use of clay pots as sustainable storage containers to improve water quality. J Egypt Public Health Assoc 2024; 99:17. [PMID: 39004690 DOI: 10.1186/s42506-024-00164-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, tap water consumption is not highly preferred in Egypt and around the world. People prefer to consume bottled water because they believe that it is much safer and tastes better than tap water. Unfortunately, this preference can create an economic burden for many people, especially in developing countries. Clay pots can be used to provide cool, alkaline drinking water because of their porous micro-texture, which traps pollutants. This study aimed to investigate the use of clay pots to store tap water and its impact on the requirements for drinking water quality. This is done with the intent to decrease the need for bottled water as a means of offering a more sustainable and economical option. METHODS In this study, the efficiency of clay pots as sustainable storage containers for drinking water was tested by measuring physicochemical parameters (pH, TDS, EC, turbidity, DO, ammonia, chloride, total hardness, Ca hardness, Mg hardness, chlorine, Zn, and CaCO3) and biological parameters (TPC and Legionella). RESULTS After 7 days of storage, the quality of the water stored in clay pots met the standards set by the Egyptian law with a significant difference (p < 0.05) before and after the storage of water It was found that the dissolved oxygen increased from 6.17 ppm to 7.52 ppm after 7 days. As for total hardness, it declined from 195 to 178 ppm. There was also a significant drop in terms of TDS from 338 to 275 ppm. Furthermore, clay pots effectively filtered out both total viable bacteria and Legionella. CONCLUSION This study proved the efficiency of using these containers with respect to some indicator values for tap water and tank water analysis. Clay pots are an excellent, cost-effective, and sustainable alternative for storing water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa K Ibrahim
- Department of Environmental Health High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, 165 El-Horreya Avenue, El-Ibrahimia, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ghada Said
- Department of Environmental Health High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, 165 El-Horreya Avenue, El-Ibrahimia, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mai M Badr
- Department of Environmental Health High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, 165 El-Horreya Avenue, El-Ibrahimia, Alexandria, Egypt.
- Environmental Chemistry and Biology, Department of Environmental Health, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, 165 El-Horreya Avenue, El-Ibrahimia, Alexandria, Egypt.
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Uğurlu P, Satar Eİ, Ünlü E. Toxic effects of commercial grade indoxacarb and endosulfan on Gammarus kischineffensis (Schellenberg, 1937) (Crustacea: Amphipoda). CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 360:142387. [PMID: 38801905 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the toxic effects of two frequently used commercial insecticides containing endosulfan and indoxacarb on a freshwater amphipod Gammarus kischineffensis. In this context, the 24, 48, 72 and 96 h LC50 values of these pesticides were determined for G. kischineffensis. Then the histopathological effects of these pesticides on the gill tissues of this species were evaluated. At the end of the study, the 96 h LC50 values of commercial-grade endosulfan and indoxacarb for G. kischineffensis were determined as 1.861 μg L-1 and 20.212 mg L-1, respectively. Histopathologically, the most common histopathological alterations in individuals exposed to sublethal concentrations of commercial-grade endosulfan and indoxacarb were pillar cell hypertrophy resulting in atrophy of the hemocoelic space and hemocytic infiltration. Considering these results, it can be said that commercial-grade endosulfan is extremely and indoxacarb is slightly toxic to G. kischineffensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pelin Uğurlu
- Dicle University Science and Technology Application and Research Center, 21280, Diyarbakır, Turkey; Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dicle University, 21280, Diyarbakir, Turkey.
| | - Elif İpek Satar
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dicle University, 21280, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Erhan Ünlü
- Department of Biology, Section of Hydrobiology, Faculty of Science, Dicle University, 21280, Diyarbakir, Turkey
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3
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Latif M, Nasir N, Nawaz R, Nasim I, Sultan K, Irshad MA, Irfan A, Dawoud TM, Younous YA, Ahmed Z, Bourhia M. Assessment of drinking water quality using Water Quality Index and synthetic pollution index in urban areas of mega city Lahore: a GIS-based approach. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13416. [PMID: 38862670 PMCID: PMC11166916 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63296-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to assess the drinking water quality in the selected urban areas of Lahore and to comprehend the public health status by addressing the basic drinking water quality parameters. Total 50 tap water samples were collected from groundwater in the two selected areas of district Lahore i.e., Gulshan-e-Ravi (site 1) and Samanabad (site 2). Water samples were analyzed in the laboratory to elucidate physico-chemical parameters including pH, turbidity, temperature, total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), dissolved oxygen (DO), total hardness, magnesium hardness, and calcium hardness. These physico-chemical parameters were used to examine the Water Quality Index (WQI) and Synthetic Pollution Index (SPI) in order to characterize the water quality. Results of th selected physico-chemical parameters were compared with World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines to determine the quality of drinking water. A GIS-based approach was used for mapping water quality, WQI, and SPI. Results of the present study revealed that the average value of temperature, pH, and DO of both study sites were within the WHO guidelines of 23.5 °C, 7.7, and 6.9 mg/L, respectively. The TDS level of site 1 was 192.56 mg/L (within WHO guidelines) and whereas, in site 2 it was found 612.84 mg/L (higher than WHO guidelines), respectively. Calcium hardness of site 1 and site 2 was observed within the range from 25.04 to 65.732 mg/L but, magnesium hardness values were higher than WHO guidelines. The major reason for poor water quality is old, worn-out water supply pipelines and improper waste disposal in the selected areas. The average WQI was found as 59.66 for site 1 and 77.30 for site 2. Results showed that the quality of the water was classified as "poor" for site 1 and "very poor " for site 2. There is a need to address the problem of poor water quality and also raise the public awareness about the quality of drinking water and its associated health impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Latif
- Department of Environmental Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Nimra Nasir
- Department of Environmental Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Rab Nawaz
- Department of Environmental Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
- Faculty of Engineering and Quantity Surveying, INTI International University, 71800, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.
| | - Iqra Nasim
- Department of Environmental Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Khawar Sultan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Atif Irshad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Ali Irfan
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Turki M Dawoud
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Zulkfil Ahmed
- College of Resource and Civic Engineering, Northeast University, Shenyang, China
| | - Mohammed Bourhia
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Natural Resources Valorization, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, 80060, Agadir, Morocco
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4
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Singletary N, Waqar Farooqi Z. Beliefs, Experiences, and Practices of Lady Health Workers in Facilitating Breastfeeding in Rural Communities in Pakistan. QUALITATIVE HEALTH RESEARCH 2024:10497323241242640. [PMID: 38830234 DOI: 10.1177/10497323241242640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Pakistan has extremely poor breastfeeding indicators: fewer than half of infants under 6 months are exclusively breastfed, only 20% of infants are breastfed within the first hour of life, and nearly half are never fed colostrum. The country's high infant morbidity and mortality is in part due to this suboptimal infant feeding. A network of lady health workers (LHWs) employed by the government facilitate maternal and child health programs, including breastfeeding support in their communities. This study describes LHWs' perspectives and experiences regarding breastfeeding. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 14 LHWs and used thematic qualitative analysis to code and analyze the data. Our research revealed that LHWs use their role as members of the community and involve influential members of the family to build trust. Frequent home visits beginning prenatally help them address misconceptions about infant feeding. While they have strong knowledge about the benefits of breastfeeding and the importance of colostrum, they demonstrate gaps in their knowledge regarding breast conditions, the safe preparation of human milk substitutes, the physiology of milk production, and supporting mothers who are separated from their baby. Future training should address these areas where LHWs lack knowledge to help mothers facilitate early and exclusive breastfeeding. With adequate training, LHWs are uniquely positioned to use their role as trusted members of the community to effectively counsel families on the importance of breastfeeding and support the clinical needs of women during the perinatal time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Singletary
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Zoha Waqar Farooqi
- Health Research, Centre for Economic Research in Pakistan, Lahore, Pakistan
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Sun M, Shen W, Guo X, Liao Y, Huang Y, Hu M, Ye P, Liu R. A critical review of advances in tumor metabolism abnormalities induced by nitrosamine disinfection by-products in drinking water. Toxicol Sci 2024; 199:12-28. [PMID: 38291902 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfae012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Intensified sanitation practices amid the recent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak might result in the increased release of chloramine disinfectants into surface water, significantly promoting the formation of nitrosamine disinfection by-products (DBPs) in drinking water. Unfortunately, these nitrosamine DBPs exhibit significant genotoxic, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties, whereas chlorinating disinfectants remain in global practice. The current review provides valuable insights into the occurrence, identification, contamination status, exposure limits, and toxicity of the new unregulated disinfection by-products (nitrosamine DBPs) in drinking water. As a result, concentrations of nitrosamine DBPs far exceed allowable limits in drinking water, and prolonged exposure has the potential to cause metabolic disorders, a critical step in tumor initiation and progression. Importantly, based on recent research, we have concluded the role of nitrosamines DBPs in different metabolic pathways. Remarkably, nitrosamine DBPs can induce chronic inflammation and initiate tumors by activating sphingolipid and polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism. Regarding amino acid and nucleotide metabolism, nitrosamine DBPs can inhibit tryptophan metabolism and de novo nucleotide synthesis. Moreover, inhibition of de novo nucleotide synthesis fails to repair DNA damage induced by nitrosamines. Additionally, the accumulation of lactate induced by nitrosamine DBPs may act as a pivotal signaling molecule in communication within the tumor microenvironment. However, with the advancement of tumor metabolomics, understanding the role of nitrosamine DBPs in causing cancer by inducing metabolic abnormalities significantly lags behind, and specific mechanisms of toxic effects are not clearly defined. Urgently, further studies exploring this promising area are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Weitao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Xinxin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Yinghao Liao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Yang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Mohan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Ping Ye
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Ran Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
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Hussain F, Salam IU, Farzana, Memon ZN, Abdullah M, Abbas G, Akbar M, Hussain A, Majeed M, Ali K, Moda HM. Occurrence of fungal microbial contamination in drinking water of megacity of Karachi (Pakistan) and their physico-chemical control. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28926. [PMID: 38576549 PMCID: PMC10990973 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The water quality in Karachi (Pakistan) is uncertain due to the occurrence of fungi and other microorganisms. A total of twenty-five water samples were collected from public places, educational institutes, hospitals, water supply systems and surface water of the canal of Karachi (Pakistan). The different fungal species including Acremonium sp., Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus flavus, A. fumigatus, A. sulphureus, Cladosporium sp., Fusarium sp., Clonostachys (Gliocladium) sp., Macrophomina phaseolina, Mucor racemosus, Paecilomyces sp. Penicillium chrysogenum, P. citrinum, P. commune, P. expansum, Rhizoctonia sp. and Stachybotrys sp. were isolated from these drinking water samples. However, the bacteria, microalgae and some other microorganisms were present in low concentrations. The reason for fungi infection and production of mycotoxicity depends upon various factors and the availability of their nutrients in filtration plants. The major threats to human health are fungal mycotoxicity which is responsible for carcinogenic and other lethal diseases. Mostly, the genus Aspergillus was dominated and isolated with a maximum of 88-98% of occurrence in the different samples of drinking water by the direct plate-spread method. For the control of fungi, various Physico-chemical coagulation treatments were used, but Potassium alum, clay pot, and hot water treatment disinfected effectively 69-70% removal of the fungi and its spore or mycelia from the water. In addition, it is concluded that drinking water purifications such as chlorination, filtration and lime did not eliminate thermophilic fungal spores or mycelia including Penicillium, Paecilomyces and Mucor from the water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Hussain
- Department of Botany, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, 32200, Pakistan
| | - Iram-us Salam
- Department of Botany, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Sciences & Technology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Farzana
- Department of Botany, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Sciences & Technology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zaibun-nisa Memon
- Department of Zoology, Shah Abdul Latif University Khairpur Mirs Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Abdullah
- Biodiversity Park, Director Cholistan Institute of Desert Studies (CIDS), The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Abbas
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Agriculture Dera Ismail Khan-29111, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Akbar
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Baltistan, Skardu, Pakistan
| | - Alamdar Hussain
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Baltistan, Skardu, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Majeed
- Department of Botany, University of Gujrat, Hafiz Hayat Campus, Gujrat, 50700, Pakistan
| | - Kishwar Ali
- College of General Education, University of Doha for Science and Technology, Al Tarafa, Jelaiah Street, Duhail North, PO Box 24449, Doha, Qatar
| | - Haruna Musa Moda
- Senior Lecturer Occupational Safety Health and Environment, Manchester Metropolitan University, All Saints Building, Manchester, M15 6BH, United Kingdom
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Najam T, Hashmi I. Monitoring of university wastewater within the sewage system and its performance evaluation through integrated constructed wetlands. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:403. [PMID: 38556601 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12575-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Rapid increase in population and industrialization has not only improved the lifestyle but adversely affected the quality and availability of water leading to ample amount of wastewater generation. The major contribution towards wastewater production is from sewage. Regular monitoring and treatment of sewage water is necessary to conserve and enhance the quality of water. The present study focuses on monitoring of sewage water within the sewage system of a residential university. A total of 16 samples from different manholes were collected for physicochemical and heavy metals analysis and compared with final effluent collected from integrated constructed wetlands (ICWs) to assess its removal efficiency. The mean concentrations of influent and effluent were compared with national environmental quality standards (NEQS) for municipal discharge (pH 6-9, COD 150 mg/L, TSS 200 mg/L and TDS 3500 mg/L) and international agricultural reuse standards (IARS) (pH 6-8, COD <150 mg/L, TSS < 100 mg/L) respectively. Among all physicochemical parameters, influent values for chemical oxygen demand (COD) (169.56-258.36) mg/L exceeded the limit of NEQS for discharge into inland waters, whereas for total suspended solids (TSS) the concentration exceeded for discharge into STP (406 mg/L) and inland waters (202.33 mg/L). However, effluent concentrations for all the parameters were found within the permissible limit set by IARS. The removal efficiency for different parameters such as phosphate- phosphorus (PO43-P), COD, TSS, total dissolved solids (TDS) and total kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) were 52, 53, 54, 35, and 36%, respectively. Heavy metal concentrations were compared with WHO guidelines among which lead (Pb) in effluent and chromium (Cr) in influent exceeded the limit (Pb 0.01 and Cr 0.05 mg/L). Interpolation results showed that zone 2 was highly contaminated in comparison to zone 1 & 3. Statistical analysis showed that correlation of physicochemical parameters and heavy metals was found significant (p < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Talyaa Najam
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering (SCEE), Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (IESE), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Sector H-12 Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Imran Hashmi
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering (SCEE), Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (IESE), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Sector H-12 Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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Ali M, Aslam A, Qadeer A, Javied S, Nisar N, Hassan N, Hussain A, Ali B, Iqbal R, Chaudhary T, Alwahibi MS, Elshikh MS. Domestic wastewater treatment by Pistia stratiotes in constructed wetland. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7553. [PMID: 38555358 PMCID: PMC10981706 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57329-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of the study was to evaluate the performance of Pistia stratiotes for treatment of domestic wastewater in a free surface water flow constructed wetland. The objective of the study was to evaluate contaminants removal efficiency of the constructed wetland vegetated with P. stratiotes in treatment of domestic wastewater against Hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 10, 20 and 30 days was investigated. This asks for newer and efficient low-cost nature-based water treatment system which along with cost takes into consideration the sustainability of the ecosystem. Five constructed wetland setups improved the wastewater quality and purify it significantly by reducing the TDS by 83%, TSS by 82%, BOD by 82%, COD by 81%, Chloride by 80%, Sulfate by 77%, NH3 by 84% and Total Oil and Grease by 74%. There was an increase in pH of about 11.9%. Color and odor of wastewater was also improved significantly and effectively. It was observed that 30 days' HRT was optimum for the treatment of domestic wastewater. The final effluent was found to be suitable as per national environmental quality standards and recycled for watering plants and crop irrigation but not for drinking purposes. The treatment in constructed wetland system was found to be economical, as the cost of construction only was involved and operational and maintenance cost very minimal. Even this research was conducted on the sole purpose of commuting the efficiency of pollutant removal in short span time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Ali
- Environmental Sciences Department, The University of Lahore, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Ambreen Aslam
- Environmental Sciences Department, The University of Lahore, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Abdul Qadeer
- Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro, 76060, Pakistan
| | - Sabiha Javied
- Environmental Sciences Department, The University of Lahore, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Numrah Nisar
- Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Nayyer Hassan
- English Department, University of Lahore, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Afzal Hussain
- Environmental Sciences Department, The University of Lahore, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Basharat Ali
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 64200, Pakistan
| | - Rashid Iqbal
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan.
| | - Talha Chaudhary
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Godollo, 2100, Hungary.
| | - Mona S Alwahibi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed S Elshikh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Adeoye JB, Tan YH, Lau SY, Tan YY, Chiong T, Mubarak NM, Khalid M. Advanced oxidation and biological integrated processes for pharmaceutical wastewater treatment: A review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 353:120170. [PMID: 38308991 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
The stress of pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) discharging to water bodies and the environment due to increased industrialization has reduced the availability of clean water. This poses a potential health hazard to animals and human life because water contamination is a great issue to the climate, plants, humans, and aquatic habitats. Pharmaceutical compounds are quantified in concentrations ranging from ng/Lto μg/L in aquatic environments worldwide. According to (Alsubih et al., 2022), the concentrations of carbamazepine, sulfamethoxazole, Lutvastatin, ciprofloxacin, and lorazepam were 616-906 ng/L, 16,532-21635 ng/L, 694-2068 ng/L, 734-1178 ng/L, and 2742-3775 ng/L respectively. Protecting and preserving our environment must be well-driven by all sectors to sustain development. Various methods have been utilized to eliminate the emerging pollutants, such as adsorption and biological and advanced oxidation processes. These methods have their benefits and drawbacks in the removal of pharmaceuticals. Successful wastewater treatment can save the water bodies; integrating green initiatives into the main purposes of actor firms, combined with continually periodic awareness of the current and potential implications of environmental/water pollution, will play a major role in water conservation. This article reviews key publications on the adsorption, biological, and advanced oxidation processes used to remove pharmaceutical products from the aquatic environment. It also sheds light on the pharmaceutical adsorption capability of adsorption, biological and advanced oxidation methods, and their efficacy in pharmaceutical concentration removal. A research gap has been identified for researchers to explore in order to eliminate the problem associated with pharmaceutical wastes. Therefore, future study should focus on combining advanced oxidation and adsorption processes for an excellent way to eliminate pharmaceutical products, even at low concentrations. Biological processes should focus on ideal circumstances and microbial processes that enable the simultaneous removal of pharmaceutical compounds and the effects of diverse environments on removal efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Busayo Adeoye
- Department of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, 98009, Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia.
| | - Yie Hua Tan
- Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Bandar Seri Begawan, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam.
| | - Sie Yon Lau
- Department of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, 98009, Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia.
| | - Yee Yong Tan
- Department of Civil and Construction Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, Sarawak, Miri, 98009, Malaysia
| | - Tung Chiong
- Department of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, 98009, Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Nabisab Mujawar Mubarak
- Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Bandar Seri Begawan, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam; Department of Biosciences, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India
| | - Mohammad Khalid
- Sunway Centre for Electrochemical Energy and Sustainable Technology (SCEEST), School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, No. 5 Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia; Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India; Centre of Research Impact and Outcome, Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India
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Uddin MG, Imran MH, Sajib AM, Hasan MA, Diganta MTM, Dabrowski T, Olbert AI, Moniruzzaman M. Assessment of human health risk from potentially toxic elements and predicting groundwater contamination using machine learning approaches. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2024; 261:104307. [PMID: 38278020 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2024.104307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
The Rooppur Nuclear Power Plant (RNPP) at Ishwardi, Bangladesh is planning to go into operation within 2024 and therefore, adjacent areas of RNPP is gaining adequate attention from the scientific community for environmental monitoring purposes especially for water resources management. However, there is a substantial lack of literature as well as environmental datasets for earlier years since very little was done at the beginning of the RNPP's construction phase. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the potential toxic elements (PTEs) contamination in the groundwater and its associated health risk for residents at the adjacent part of the RNPP during the year of 2014-2015. For the purposes of achieving the aim of the study, groundwater samples were collected seasonally (dry and wet season) from nine sampling sites and afterwards analyzed for water quality indicators such as temperature (Temp.), pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solid (TDS), total hardness (TH) and for PTEs including Iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn), Copper (Cu), Lead (Pb), Chromium (Cr), Cadmium (Cd) and Arsenic (As). This study adopted the newly developed Root Mean Square water quality index (RMS-WQI) model to assess the scenario of contamination from PTEs in groundwater whereas the human health risk assessment model was utilized to quantify the risk of toxicity from PTEs. In most of the sampling sites, PTEs concentration was found higher during the wet season than the dry season and Fe, Mn, Cd and As exceeded the guideline limit for drinking water. The RMS score mostly classified the groundwater in terms of PTEs contamination into "Fair" condition. The non-carcinogenic risks (expressed as Hazard Index-HI) revealed that around 44% and 89% of samples for adults and 67% and 100% of samples for children exceeded the threshold limit set by USEPA (HI > 1) and possessed risks through the oral pathway during dry and wet season, respectively. Furthermore, the calculated cumulative HI score was found higher for children than the adults throughout the study period. In terms of carcinogenic risk (CR) from PTEs, the magnitude of risk decreased following the pattern of Cr > As > Cd. Although the current study is based on old dataset, the findings might serve as a baseline for monitoring purposes to reduce future hazardous impact from the power plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Galal Uddin
- Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, University of Galway, Ireland; Ryan Institute, University of Galway, Ireland; MaREI Research Centre, University of Galway, Ireland; Eco-HydroInformatics Research Group (EHIRG), Civil Engineering, University of Galway, Ireland; Department of Geography and Environment, Jagannath University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Hasan Imran
- Department of Environmental Science and Resource Management, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail 1902, Bangladesh
| | - Abdul Majed Sajib
- Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, University of Galway, Ireland; Ryan Institute, University of Galway, Ireland; MaREI Research Centre, University of Galway, Ireland; Eco-HydroInformatics Research Group (EHIRG), Civil Engineering, University of Galway, Ireland
| | - Md Abu Hasan
- Bangladesh Reference institute for Chemical Measurements (BRiCM), Dr. Qudrat-e-Khuda Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Mir Talas Mahammad Diganta
- Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, University of Galway, Ireland; Ryan Institute, University of Galway, Ireland; MaREI Research Centre, University of Galway, Ireland; Eco-HydroInformatics Research Group (EHIRG), Civil Engineering, University of Galway, Ireland
| | | | - Agnieszka I Olbert
- Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, University of Galway, Ireland; Ryan Institute, University of Galway, Ireland; MaREI Research Centre, University of Galway, Ireland; Eco-HydroInformatics Research Group (EHIRG), Civil Engineering, University of Galway, Ireland
| | - Md Moniruzzaman
- Department of Geography and Environment, Jagannath University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Sharif F, Shahzad L, Batool M. The association between climatic factors and waterborne infectious outbreaks with a focus on vulnerability in Pakistan: integrative review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2024:1-18. [PMID: 38195067 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2024.2302040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Climate change affects the spread of waterborne infectious diseases, yet research on vulnerability to outbreaks remains limited. This integrative review examines how climate variables (temperature and precipitation) relate to human vulnerability factors in Pakistan. By 2060, mean temperatures are projected to rise from 21.68°C (2021) to 30°C, with relatively stable precipitation. The epidemiological investigation in Pakistan identified Diarrhea (119,000 cases/year), Malaria (2.6 million cases/year), and Hepatitis (A and E) as the most prevalent infections. This research highlighted vulnerability factors, including poverty (52% of the population), illiteracy (59% of the population), limited healthcare accessibility (55% of the population), malnutrition (38% of the population), dietary challenges (48% of the population), as well as exposure to water pollution (80% of the population) and air pollution (55% of the population). The findings suggest that the coordinated strategies are vital across health, environmental, meteorological, and social sectors, considering climatic variability patterns and population vulnerability determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiza Sharif
- Sustainable development study center (SDSC), Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Laila Shahzad
- Sustainable development study center (SDSC), Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Masooma Batool
- Sustainable development study center (SDSC), Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
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12
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Sami AJ, Bilal S, Ahsan NUA, Hameed N, Saleem S. Rhodamine B functionalized silver nanoparticles paper discs as turn-on fluorescence sensor, coupled with a smartphone for the detection of microbial contamination in drinking water. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:1442. [PMID: 37945767 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-12077-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The precise detection of pathogenic microorganisms is crucial for the reduction of water-borne diseases. Herein, a filter-paper-based florescent chemosensor was fabricated for the detection of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus contamination exploiting protein-DNA interaction between the target and a specific probe. The sensing mechanism involved the self-assembly of Rhodamine B (RhB) on silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) surface that was labeled with a single-stranded DNA probe. This causes the fluorescence quenching of RhB by a distant-dependant process. The hybridization between pathogen-specific probe and bacterial surface protein causes the release of fluorescence of RhB, which was observed under UV light. For paper-based bio-surface preparation, the mixture comprising RhB-AgNP-ssDNA was drop-casted on filter paper discs. The conditions were optimized using isolated genomic DNA of the microbes. The method was applied for E.coli detection using an eae gene-based probe targeting intimin protein and S. aureus detection using tuf gene-based probe targeting EF-tuf protein on the microbe's surface. The chemosensor had a notable specificity and selectivity for E.coli, and S. aureus, with detection limits of 0.6 × 108 and 0.37 × 103 CFU/mL respectively. Moreover, the sensor was tested on real water samples, which presented excellent reproducibility of results (RSD ≤ 0.24%). Furthermore, the gradient change of fluorescence was captured by a smartphone, which allows direct detection of pathogens in a sensitive semi-quantitative way without the need for expensive instruments. The designed chemosensor can serve as a simple, inexpensive, and rapid method for the on-site detection of microbial contamination in drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amtul Jamil Sami
- School of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan.
- Center for Biosensor Research and Development (CBRD), University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan.
| | - Sehrish Bilal
- School of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
- Department of Biochemistry, Gulab Devi Educational Complex, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Noor-Ul-Ain Ahsan
- School of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Nayyab Hameed
- School of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Shaifa Saleem
- School of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
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13
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Ullah Z, Rashid A, Nawab J, Bacha AUR, Ghani J, Iqbal J, Zhu Z, Alrefaei AF, Almutairi MH. Fluoride Contamination in Groundwater of Community Tube Wells, Source Distribution, Associated Health Risk Exposure, and Suitability Analysis for Drinking from Arid Zone. WATER 2023; 15:3740. [DOI: 10.3390/w15213740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Fluoride (F−) pollution in potable groundwater (GW) is a serious environmental concern in Pakistan with substantial human health hazard reports. The research on F− pollution in GW resources in Sindh Province is still incomplete. To explore the realistic conditions, the present research aimed to investigate the GW quality of community tube wells concerning F− contamination in Tharparkar, Sindh, Pakistan. A total of 53 samples were collected and examined for F−, along with other physicochemical parameters. The F− values observed varied from 0.2–4.2 mg/L, with a mean value of 1.63 mg/L. Among the 53 samples, 46% had F− levels that were higher than the World Health Organization’s (WHO) recommended limit (1.5 mg/L). The water type of the studied region was Ca-HCO3 type, which can be attributed to fresh recharged water. The interaction of rock–water contact controls the hydrochemistry of GW. The GW resources of the research zone were highly saturated with fluorite minerals. Human health risk calculation outcomes exposed that 21 samples showed high HQ values for children and 7 samples showed high values for adults in the research zone. Children are at high risk in the study area from drinking F−-contaminated GW. WQI results showed that 31 samples were not suitable for drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahid Ullah
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Abdur Rashid
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Javed Nawab
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 26000, Pakistan
| | - Aziz-Ur-Rahim Bacha
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Junaid Ghani
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Javed Iqbal
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhiling Zhu
- Department of Biomedicine and Health, Shanghai Vocational of Agriculture and Forestry, Shanghai 201600, China
| | - Abdulwahed Fahad Alrefaei
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mikhlid H. Almutairi
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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14
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Park JW, Park K, Kwak IS. Surveillance spilled Chironomidae (Diptera) larvae from drinking water treatment plants in South Korea using morphogenetic species analysis and eDNA metabarcoding. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 896:165241. [PMID: 37394070 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Chironomid larvae (Diptera: Chironomidae) are tremendous indicator species that can tolerate a broad range of environmental conditions, from polluted to unimpaired water ecosystems. These species are ubiquitously observed in all bioregions and can even be found in drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs). Detection of chironomid larvae in DWTPs is a critical issue because their presence may be indicative of the water quality in the supply of tap water for human consumption. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to identify the chironomid communities that reflect the water quality of DWTPs and develop a biomonitoring tool to detect biological contamination of the chironomids in DWTPs. To do so, we investigated the identity and distribution of chironomid larvae in seven DWTP areas using morphological identification, DNA barcoding, and sediment environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis. A total of 7924 chironomid individuals encompassing three subfamilies and 25 species of 19 genera were identified in 33 sites within the DWTPs. The Gongchon and Bupyeong DWTPs were dominated by Chironomus spp. larvae, which were correlated with low levels of dissolved oxygen in the water. In the Samgye DWTP and Hwajeong DWTP, Chironomus spp. were almost absent, and instead, Tanytarsus spp. were abundant. Additionally, the Gangjeong DWTP was dominated by a Microtendipes sp., and two species of Orthocladiinae (a Parametriocnemus sp. and a Paratrichocladius sp.) were found only in the Jeju DWTP. We also identified the eight most abundant Chironomidae larvae found in the DWTPs. Furthermore, eDNA metabarcoding of DWTP sediment indicated the presence of different eukaryotic fauna and confirmed the presence of chironomids in DWTPs. These data provide useful morphological and genetic information regarding chironomid larvae that can be used for the water quality biomonitoring of DWTPs to support the supply of clean drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Won Park
- Department of Ocean Integrated Science, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiyun Park
- Fisheries Science Institute, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Republic of Korea
| | - Ihn-Sil Kwak
- Department of Ocean Integrated Science, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Republic of Korea; Fisheries Science Institute, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Mustafa S, Long Y, Rana S. The role of corporate social responsibility and government incentives in installing industrial wastewater treatment plants: SEM-ANN deep learning approach. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16529. [PMID: 37783708 PMCID: PMC10545828 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37239-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Contaminated industrial wastewater is one of the severe causes of health diseases. The wastewater treatment trend in developing countries is less, and governments are not strictly pursuing the wastewater management protocols adopted by firms. To study the intention to install wastewater treatment plants at the firm level and provide policy suggestions to the developing countries' governments, we have collected a cross-sectional dataset from manufacturing firms. We have presented an integrated model based on the theory of planned behaviour and tested our proposed model by implying SEM-ANN deep learning techniques. Results revealed that Environmental knowledge, installation cost, firm reputation, and corporate social responsibility positively influence firm management's intention to install wastewater treatment plants, but awareness of the risk associated with contaminated wastewater has a negative influence. On the other hand, Government incentives do not influence the process. In addition, our study has found that firm size moderates the relationship between explained and exploratory variables. Our study provided valuable insight into the available literature and provided some policy suggestions to developing countries' governments to cope with water scarcity and health issues caused by contaminated industrial wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohaib Mustafa
- College of Economics and Management, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Long
- Office of Academic Affairs, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, People's Republic of China.
| | - Sehrish Rana
- Government Islamia Graduate College for Women, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Begum S, Firdous S, Naeem Z, Chaudhry GES, Arshad S, Abid F, Zahra S, Khan S, Adnan M, Sung YY, Muhammad TST. Combined Multivariate Statistical Techniques and Water Quality Index (WQI) to Evaluate Spatial Variation in Water Quality. Trop Life Sci Res 2023; 34:129-149. [PMID: 37860095 PMCID: PMC10583851 DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2023.34.3.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In present study, Water Quality Index (WQI) has been assessed of the Rawal Lake which is a major source of drinking water for people in the Federal Capital, Islamabad, and its adjacent city Rawalpindi in Pakistan. For this, the principal component analysis (PCA) and WQI were applied as an integrated approach to quantitatively explore difference based on spatial variation in 11 water quality parameters of the five major feeding tributaries of the Rawal Lake, Pakistan. The results of temperature in water, total dissolved solids, pH, electrical conductivity, chlorides and sulfates were well within the allowable World Health Organisation's (WHO) limits. However, the heavy metals like cadmium and lead were above permissible limits by the WHO in tributaries of Bari Imam and Rumli. Moreover, this has been proven by the Pearson correlation which suggested strong positive correlation (0.910*) between lead and cadmium. The results of present study were subjected to statistical analysis, i.e., PCA which gave three major factors contributing 96.5% of the total variance. For factor 1, pH, TDS, alkalinity, chlorides, sulfates and zinc have highest factor loading values (>0.60) and presented that these parameters were among the most significant parameters of first factor. As per the WQI results, the water was categorised in two major classes indicating that water of Bari Imam and Rumli is highly contaminated with heavy metals and totally unsuitable for drinking purposes. Based on the results of the present study, it is suggested to make heavy metals consideration as an integrated component in future planning for maintaining water quality of the Rawal Lake and its tributaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaheen Begum
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Old Presidency, The Mall, Kachari Chowk, Rawalpindi 46000 Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Shahana Firdous
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Old Presidency, The Mall, Kachari Chowk, Rawalpindi 46000 Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Zainab Naeem
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Old Presidency, The Mall, Kachari Chowk, Rawalpindi 46000 Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Gul-e-Saba Chaudhry
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, 21030, Terengganu Malaysia
| | - Shanza Arshad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Old Presidency, The Mall, Kachari Chowk, Rawalpindi 46000 Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Fakiha Abid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Old Presidency, The Mall, Kachari Chowk, Rawalpindi 46000 Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Sania Zahra
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Old Presidency, The Mall, Kachari Chowk, Rawalpindi 46000 Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Sehrish Khan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Old Presidency, The Mall, Kachari Chowk, Rawalpindi 46000 Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Adnan
- Department of Botany, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat-26000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Yeong Yik Sung
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, 21030, Terengganu Malaysia
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17
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Navaretnam R, Hassan HN, Isa NM, Aris AZ, Looi LJ. Metal(loid) Analysis of Commercial Rice from Malaysia using ICP-MS: Potential Health Risk Evaluation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:87695-87720. [PMID: 37423935 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28459-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Rice is a predominant staple food in many countries. It is a great source of energy but can also accumulate toxic and trace metal(loid)s from the environment and pose serious health hazards to consumers if overdosed. This study aims to determine the concentration of toxic metal(loid)s [arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni)] and essential metal(loid)s [iron (Fe), selenium (Se), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co)] in various types of commercially available rice (basmati, glutinous, brown, local whites, and fragrant rice) in Malaysia, and to assess the potential human health risk. Rice samples were digested following the USEPA 3050B acid digestion method and the concentrations of metal(loid)s were analyzed using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Mean concentrations (mg/kg as dry weight) of metal(loid)s (n=45) across all rice types were found in the order of Fe (41.37)>Cu (6.51)>Cr (1.91)>Ni (0.38)>As (0.35)>Se (0.07)>Cd (0.03)>Co (0.02). Thirty-three percent and none of the rice samples surpassed, respectively, the FAO/WHO recommended limits of As and Cd. This study revealed that rice could be a primary exposure pathway to toxic metal(loid)s, leading to either noncarcinogenic or carcinogenic health problems. The non-carcinogenic health risk was mainly associated with As which contributed 63% to the hazard index followed by Cr (34%), Cd (2%), and Ni (1%). The carcinogenic risk to adults was high (>10-4) for As, Cr, Cd, and Ni. The cancer risk (CR) for each element was 5 to 8 times higher than the upper limit of cancer risk for an environmental carcinogen (<10-4). The findings from this study could provide the metal(loid)s pollution status of various types of rice which are beneficial to relevant authorities in addressing food safety and security-related issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raneesha Navaretnam
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hadirah Nasuha Hassan
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Noorain Mohd Isa
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- International Institute of Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 71050 Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Zaharin Aris
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- International Institute of Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 71050 Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Ley Juen Looi
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- International Institute of Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 71050 Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.
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18
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Irfan M, Mahboob Alam M, Khan S, Khan I, Eldin SM. Distance and weightage-based identification of most critical and vulnerable locations of surface water pollution in Kabul river tributaries. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11615. [PMID: 37464012 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38018-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Water plays a key role in the economic growth of an agricultural country. Pakistan is a farming country that uses almost 90% of its water resources for agriculture. Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) province of Pakistan has extensive surface water resources. In addition to using groundwater resources for irrigation, large parts of its flat plains are irrigated with the Kabul River surface water. Due to large population growth and unregulated small/local scale industries in the region, surface water quality deteriorates with time, which affects people's health when polluted surface water is used for irrigation purposes. This research investigates the surface water quality of Kabul River's different tributaries. It identifies the most critical and vulnerable locations regarding water quality using the weightage-based identification method and distance-based iteration method, respectively. The Bara River exhibited the most critical location, surpassing the threshold values by a considerable margin in at least seven water quality parameters. The maximum seven critical values determined against the Bara River using the weightage-based method, i.e., 17.5, 5.95, 7.35, 27.65, 1.75, 0.35, and 10.45 for total alkalinity, sodium, total hardness, magnesium, total suspended solids, biological oxygen demand (BOD), and turbidity. The Khairabad station, where the Kabul River meets the Indus River, was identified as vulnerable due to elevated levels of total suspended solids, hardness, sulfate, sodium, and magnesium using distance-based methods. The locations, i.e. Adezai, Jindi, Pabbi, and Warsak Dam, appeared critical and vulnerable due to the prevalence of small-scale industries on their bank and high population densities. All the results are finally compared with the interpolated values over the entire region using Kriging interpolation to identify critical and vulnerable areas accurately. The results from the distance and weightage-based methods aligned with the physical reality on the ground further validate the results. The critical and vulnerable locations required immediate attention and preventive measures to address the deteriorating water quality parameters by installing monitoring stations and treatment plants to stop further contamination of the particular parameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Irfan
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Applied Science, Swat, 19060, Pakistan.
| | - M Mahboob Alam
- Department of Cıvil Engineering, City University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Shahbaz Khan
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, University of Engineering and Applied Science, Swat, 19060, Pakistan
| | - Ilyas Khan
- Department of Mathematics, College of Science Al-Zulfi, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah, 11952, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sayed M Eldin
- Center of Research, Faculty of Engineering, Future University in Egypt, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt
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19
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Botle A, Salgaonkar S, Tiwari R, Ambadekar S, Barabde GR. Brief status of contamination in surface water of rivers of India by heavy metals: a review with pollution indices and health risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:2779-2801. [PMID: 36583797 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-022-01463-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Water is polluted via various means; among these, heavy metal (HM) contamination is of great concern because of the involvement of metal toxicity and its effect on aquatic environment. The significance and novelty of this study is that it focuses on assessment of HMs in the surface water of Indian rivers only from 1991 to 2021. For this, multivariate studies were used to find multiple sources of HMs. The average concentrations of Fe, Cr, Pb, Ni, Cd, Mn, Hg, Co, and As in surface water of rivers were found to far exceed the permitted limits established by both World Health Organisation and Bureau of Indian Standards. The HM indices like HM pollution, degree of contamination, evaluation index, water pollution, and toxicity load data all indicated that the rivers under investigation are heavily polluted by HMs. In this study, health risk assessment indicated non-carcinogenic effects of Fe, Cr, Cu, Pb, Cd, Mn, Hg, Co, and As in children and those of Fe, Cr, Pb, Cd, Hg, Co, and As in adults. Values investigated for Cancer index were higher for Cr, Pb, Ni, Cd, and As indicating a high risk of cancer development in adults and children via the ingestion pathway than the cutaneous pathway. Moreover, children are more prone to be exposed to both non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic effects of HMs than adults. To reduce human dangers, remediation approaches, such as environment-friendly, cost-effective adsorbents, phytoremediation and bio-remediation, as well as tools like bio-sensors, should be included in river management plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Botle
- Department of Environmental Science, The Institute of Science, Dr. Homi Bhabha State University, Mumbai, 400032, India
| | - Sayli Salgaonkar
- Department of Environmental Science, The Institute of Science, Dr. Homi Bhabha State University, Mumbai, 400032, India
| | - Rahul Tiwari
- CSIR-National Environmental and Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur, 440020, India
| | - Shushama Ambadekar
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, The Institute of Science, Dr. Homi Bhabha State University, Mumbai, 400032, India
| | - Gayatri R Barabde
- Department of Environmental Science, The Institute of Science, Dr. Homi Bhabha State University, Mumbai, 400032, India.
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, The Institute of Science, Dr. Homi Bhabha State University, Mumbai, 400032, India.
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20
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Ferro P, Farfan-Solis R, Blanco-Shocosh D, Ferró-Gonzáles AL, Ferro-Gonzales PF. Determination of inorganic chemical parameters in drinking water in districts of the province of Puno in the region Puno-Peru. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15624. [PMID: 37139296 PMCID: PMC10149402 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The inorganic chemical parameters in drinking water that include heavy metals are substances that exist in nature very widespread, nevertheless toxic metals such as lead, cadmium, arsenic, mercury, are very harmful to human health and to all forms of life, these toxic metals are silents contaminants. Therefore, the present study aims to determine the presence of inorganic chemical parameters in the drinking water from districts of the province of Puno. The results were compared based on the parametric test T-student and the non-parametric tests Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Finding the highest values (mg/L) in districts as Capachica Ba (0.8458) and Pb (0.5255), Mañazo Al (3.08) and Pb (0.0185), San Antonio de Esquilache Fe (0.49) and Pb (0.9513), Vilque As (0.0193) and Pb (15.34), and Pichacani As (0.0193) and Pb (0.0215), as it is observed the samples do not comply with the regulation of the quality of drinking water in Peru, making it unsuitable for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pompeyo Ferro
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Aplicadas de la Universidad Nacional Intercultural Fabiola Salazar Leguía de Bagua, Jr. Ancash 520, Bagua, 01721, Amazonas, Peru
| | - Rosa Farfan-Solis
- Facultad de Enfermería, Universidad Nacional del Altiplano, Av. Floral No 1153, Puno, 21001, Peru
| | - Darwin Blanco-Shocosh
- Ministerio de Salud, Dirección Regional de Salud, Red de Salud Puno. Av. El Sol No 1122, Puno, 21001, Peru
| | - Ana Lucia Ferró-Gonzáles
- Departamento de Gestión y Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Nacional de Juliaca, Av. Nueva Zelandia 631, Juliaca, 21101, Puno, Peru
| | - Polan Franbalt Ferro-Gonzales
- Departamento Académico de la Facultad de Ingeniería Económica, Universidad Nacional del Altiplano, Av. Floral No 1153, Puno, 21001, Peru
- Corresponding author.
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21
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Deng XR, Hu AW, Hu SQ, Yang WL, Sun C, Xiao SJ, Yang GP, Zheng QQ, Liang RP, Zhang L, Qiu JD. An in-situ strategy to construct uracil-conjugated covalent organic frameworks with tunable fluorescence/recognition characteristics for sensitive and selective Mercury(II) detection. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1252:341056. [PMID: 36935154 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Previous researches of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have shown their potential as fluorescent probes, but the regulation of their optical properties and recognition characteristics still remains a challenge, and most of reports required complicated post-decoration to improve the sensing performance. In this context, we propose a novel in-situ strategy to construct uracil-conjugated COFs and modulate their fluorescence properties for sensitive and selective mercury(II) detection. By using 1,3,6,8-tetrakis(4-formylphenyl)pyrene (TFPPy) and 1,3,6,8-tetrakis(4-aminophenyl)pyrene (TAPPy) as fundamental blocks and 5-aminouraci (5-AU) as the functional monomer, a series of COFs (Py-COFs and Py-U-COFs-1 to Py-U-COFs-5) with tunable fluorescence were solvothermally synthesized through an in-situ Schiff base reaction. The π-conjugated framework serves as a signal reporter, the evenly and densely distributed uracil acts as a mercury(II) receptor, and the regular pores (channels) make the rapid and sensitive detection of the mercury(II) possible. In this research, we manage to regulate the crystalline structure, the fluorescence properties, and the sensing performance of COFs by simply changing the molar ratio of precursors. We expect this research to open up a new strategy for effective and controllable construction of functionalized COFs for environmental analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Rui Deng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, PR China
| | - A-Wei Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, PR China
| | - Sheng-Qian Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, PR China
| | - Wen-Li Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, PR China
| | - Chen Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, PR China
| | - Sai-Jin Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Resources and Environment, East China University of Technology (ECUT), Nanchang, 330013, PR China
| | - Gui-Ping Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, PR China
| | - Qiong-Qing Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, PR China
| | - Ru-Ping Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, PR China
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, PR China.
| | - Jian-Ding Qiu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Resources and Environment, East China University of Technology (ECUT), Nanchang, 330013, PR China.
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22
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Raza T, Shehzad M, Abbas M, Eash NS, Jatav HS, Sillanpaa M, Flynn T. Impact assessment of COVID-19 global pandemic on water, environment, and humans. ENVIRONMENTAL ADVANCES 2023; 11:100328. [PMID: 36532331 PMCID: PMC9741497 DOI: 10.1016/j.envadv.2022.100328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
One of the most significant threats to global health since the Second World War is the COVID-19 pandemic. Due to COVID-19 widespread social, environmental, economic, and health concerns. Other unfavourable factors also emerged, including increased trash brought on by high consumption of packaged foods, takeout meals, packaging from online shopping, and the one-time use of plastic products. Due to labour shortages and residents staying at home during mandatory lockdowns, city municipal administrations' collection and recycling capacities have decreased, frequently damaging the environment (air, water, and soil) and ecological and human systems. The COVID-19 challenges are more pronounced in unofficial settlements of developing nations, particularly for developing nations of the world, as their fundamental necessities, such as air quality, water quality, trash collection, sanitation, and home security, are either non-existent or difficult to obtain. According to reports, during the pandemic's peak days (20 August 2021 (741 K cases), 8 million tonnes of plastic garbage were created globally, and 25 thousand tonnes of this waste found its way into the ocean. This thorough analysis attempts to assess the indirect effects of COVID-19 on the environment, human systems, and water quality that pose dangers to people and potential remedies. Strong national initiatives could facilitate international efforts to attain environmental sustainability goals. Significant policies should be formulated like good quality air, pollution reduction, waste management, better sanitation system, and personal hygiene. This review paper also elaborated that further investigations are needed to investigate the magnitude of impact and other related factors for enhancement of human understanding of ecosystem to manage the water, environment and human encounter problems during epidemics/pandemics in near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taqi Raza
- Department of Biosystems Engineering & Soil Science, University of Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Mazahir Abbas
- Department of Bioscience, University of Wah Cantt, Quaid Avenue, Wah Cantt 47040, Pakistan
| | - Neal S Eash
- Department of Biosystems Engineering & Soil Science, University of Tennessee, USA
| | - Hanuman Singh Jatav
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Rajasthan 303329, India
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Mika Sillanpaa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Mining, Metallurgy and Chemical Engineering, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
| | - Trevan Flynn
- Department of Horticulture and Natural Resources, University of Bonn, Germany
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23
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Chen KW, Chen TY, Wang ST, Hou TY, Wang SW, Young KC. Establishment of quantitative and recovery method for detection of dengue virus in wastewater with noncognate spike control. J Virol Methods 2023; 314:114687. [PMID: 36736703 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2023.114687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) represents an efficient approach for public pathogen surveillance as it provides early warning of disease outbreaks; however, it has not yet been applied to dengue virus (DENV), which might cause endemics via mosquito spread. In this study, a working platform was established to provide direct virus recovery and qPCR quantification from wastewater samples that were artificially loaded with target DENV serotypes I to IV and noncognate spike control viral particles. The results showed qPCR efficiencies of 91.2 %, 94.8 %, 92.6 % and 88.7 % for DENV I, II, III, and IV, respectively, and a broad working range over 6 orders of magnitude using the preferred primer sets. Next, the results revealed that the ultrafiltration method was superior to the skimmed milk flocculation method for recovering either DENV or control viral particles from wastewater. Finally, DENV-2 was loaded simultaneously with the noncognate spike control and could be recovered at comparable levels either in PBS or in wastewater, indicating the applicability of noncognate spike control particles to reflect the efficiency of experimental steps. In conclusion, our data suggest that DENV particles in wastewater could be recovered and quantitatively detected in absolute amounts, indicating the feasibility of DENV surveillance using the WBE approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Wei Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Yi Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Sin-Tian Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yu Hou
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shainn-Wei Wang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kung-Chia Young
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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24
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Asakura S, Khieu B, Seng S, Pok S, Ty C, Phiny C, Srey T, Blacksell SD, Gilbert J, Grace D, Alonso S. Diarrhea illness in livestock keeping households in Cambodia: An analysis using a One Health framework. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2023.1127445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundMost of human diarrheal pathogens are zoonotic, and transmission of the pathogens can occur by contaminated food, water, environment and direct contact with animals especially for livestock keepers. Yet little is known of the relative importance of different risk factors especially in under-studied countries. The objectives of this study were to identify risk factors for diarrhea in livestock keepers in Cambodia and detect diarrhea-causing pathogenic bacteria in both humans and livestock within a One Health approach. Of special interest were the links between diarrhea and food consumption and livestock-keeping.Materials and methodsWe used an existing dataset from a questionnaire survey conducted in 400 livestock farms in Prey Veng and Kampot Prefectures between February and March 2013 as well as laboratory results on bacterial isolation from fecal and swab samples from livestock and poultry, and human stool samples. Laboratory results were available for up to three animals of each species kept by a household, and for up to three human samples from households reporting at least one case of human diarrhea in the previous 2 weeks. Presence of Escherichia coli, Shigella spp. and Salmonella spp. was investigated in both animal and human samples, in addition to Aeromonas spp., Vibrio spp. and Plesiomonas spp. in animal samples and Campylobacter spp. in human samples. Univariable and multivariable risk factor analyses were performed by generalized linear mixed model.ResultsHousehold-level diarrhea incidence rate was 9.0% (36/400). The most statistically significant factor associated with diarrhea in multivariable analysis was water treatment for drinking and cooking (OR = 0.33, 95%CI: 0.16–0.69, p = 0.003), followed by number of days consuming egg within 2 weeks (OR = 1.16, 95%CI: 1.04–1.29, p = 0.008), number of children under 5 years old (OR = 1.99, 95%CI: 1.14–3.49, p = 0.016) and keeping poultry (OR = 0.36, 95%CI: 0.14–0.92, p = 0.033). Animal samples for bacterial culture test were collected at 279 cattle, 165 pig and 327 poultry farms, and bacteria were detected from 6 farms with the isolation of Escherichia coli O157 (non H7) from 1 cattle and 1 pig sample, Aeromonas caviae from 1 pig sample and Salmonella spp. from 3 chicken samples. In human samples, 17 out of 67 individual samples were positive for the culture test, detecting Escherichia coli O157 (non H7) from 7 samples and Shigella spp. from 10 samples. None of the households where target bacteria were detected from animal samples had human samples collected due to lack of diarrhea episodes in the household.ConclusionsIt has often been hypothesized that keeping livestock may increase the incidence of diarrhea through multiple pathways. Contrary to this, we found livestock-keeping was not associated with increased risk, but food-related behavior and children under 5 years of age were strongly associated with increased risk. We discuss mediating and confounding factors and make recommendations for reducing the burden of diarrheal disease in Cambodia and more widely in low- and middle-income countries.
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25
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Perveen S, Amar-Ul-Haque. Drinking water quality monitoring, assessment and management in Pakistan: A review. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13872. [PMID: 36938462 PMCID: PMC10015211 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, the importance of a robust frame work for drinking water quality monitoring, assessment and management has been discussed. This review presents the global overview of the drinking water quality, illuminating the global challenges of water supply system from catchment to consumers and briefly discussing appropriate regulatory frameworks and risk analysis tools. It also presents meticulous summaries of water reports released by the government and non-governmental organizations with special emphasis on health-based targets, proposed strategies related to preventive risk management (through water safety planning), environmental impact assessment (EIA), and independent surveillance in Pakistan. This paper reviews various studies published in national and international journals and reports, released by the government and non-governmental organizations, to provide a summary of the current knowledge with regards to the contemporary water quality management system that is still developing in the country. Role of agencies and their policies for water quality management and monitoring is one of the most important impact categories that has been covered in this review. The reviewed publications provide strong support for claims that impacts of unsafe water on health and economy of a country are very dangerous. Improved access to safe drinking water by a development-oriented strategy can have tangible improvements in socioeconomic status of a country.
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26
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Batool M, Toqeer M, Shah MH. Assessment of water quality, trace metal pollution, source apportionment and health risks in the groundwater of Chakwal, Pakistan. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023:10.1007/s10653-023-01501-2. [PMID: 36786960 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01501-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater quality evaluation is the main concern in the regions like Chakwal where it is major source of water for drinking and irrigation due to low storage capacity of the surface water and lack of proper irrigation system. The aim of the present study was to evaluate various physicochemical parameters (pH, EC, TDS, DO, TA, TH and chlorides) and selected essential/toxic trace metal concentrations (Na, K, Ca, Mg, Sr, Li, Ag, Zn, Fe, Cu, Co, Mn, Cr, Cd, and Pb) in order to explore their distribution, correlation, spatial variations and health risk assessment. Average concentration of some trace metals (Co, Cd and Pb) and physicochemical parameters (EC, TDS, and alkalinity) were found to exceed the national/international standards. Multivariate methods of analysis showed strong associations among Fe-Li-K, Sr-Mg-Ca, Cd-Mn, Cu-Zn, Ag-Co, and Cr-Pb-Na which were significantly contributed by anthropogenic activities. Irrigation water quality index exhibited intermediate suitability of the groundwater for irrigation purpose. Health risk evaluation of the trace metals revealed significant non-carcinogenic risks for Cd, Co and Pb (HQing > 1) especially for children. Similarly, significant carcinogenic risk was found to be associated with Pb and Cr which exceeded the safe limit, suggesting the lifetime carcinogenic risk associated with these metals in the groundwater. The present health risk problems should be considered on top priority and immediate actions should be taken to safeguard the water quality in the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Batool
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Toqeer
- Department of Earth Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Munir H Shah
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
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27
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Alhar MSO, Muhammad D, Tahir K, Zaki MEA, Urooj M, Nazir S, Albalawi K, Al-Shehri HS, Saleh EAM, Khan AU. An Eco-Benign Biomimetic Approach for the Synthesis of Ni/ZnO Nanocomposite: Photocatalytic and Antioxidant Activities. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041705. [PMID: 36838692 PMCID: PMC9964592 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
With the increasing demand for wastewater treatment and multidrug resistance among pathogens, it was necessary to develop an efficient catalyst with enhanced photocatalytic and antibacterial applications. The present study proposes a facile and green strategy for synthesizing zinc oxide (ZnO) decorated nickel (Ni) nanomaterials. The synthesized Ni/ZnO nanocomposite displays a high crystallinity and spherical morphology, which was systematically characterized by XRD, SEM, FT-IR, UV-visible spectroscopy, EDX, HRTEM, and XPS techniques. In addition, the bacteriological tests indicated that Ni/ZnO nanocomposite exhibits potent antibacterial activity against human pathogens, i.e., Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), and Escherichia coli (E. coli). The inhibition zone observed in light and dark conditions for E. coli was 16 (±0.3) mm and 8 (±0.4) mm, respectively, which confirms the high efficacy of the nanocomposite in the presence of light compared to dark conditions. The detailed inhibition mechanism of said bacterium and damage were also studied through fluorescence spectroscopy and SEM analysis, respectively. Evaluation of antioxidant activity based on free radical scavenging activity revealed that the Ni/ZnO nanocomposite effectively scavenges DPPH. In the photocatalytic performance, the Ni/ZnO nanocomposite exhibited a remarkable degradation ability under the optimized condition, which was attributed to their controllable size, high surface area, and exceptional morphology. Good selectivity, high photodegradation, and antibacterial activities and satisfactory hemolytic behavior of the as-prepared nanocomposite make them able to become a potential candidate for superior biological performance and environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dost Muhammad
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan
| | - Kamran Tahir
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan
| | - Magdi E. A. Zaki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (M.E.A.Z.); (A.U.K.)
| | - Muniba Urooj
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Nazir
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan
| | - Karma Albalawi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamza S. Al-Shehri
- Chemistry Division, King Khalid Military Academy, SANG, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ebraheem Abdu Musad Saleh
- Chemistry Department, College of Arts & Science, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Wadi Al-Dawasir 18371, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afaq Ullah Khan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Correspondence: (M.E.A.Z.); (A.U.K.)
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28
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Iqbal Z, Imran M, Rahman G, Miandad M, Shahid M, Murtaza B. Spatial distribution, health risk assessment, and public perception of groundwater in Bahawalnagar, Punjab, Pakistan: a multivariate analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:381-391. [PMID: 35067763 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-01182-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The current study investigated the hydrogeochemical behavior of groundwater quality attributes including arsenic (As) and their associated health risks in unexplored groundwater aquifers of Bahawalnagar, Punjab, Pakistan. The groundwater samples were collected from 40 colonies of Bahawalnagar city from electric/hand pumps, tube wells and turbines installed at varying depth (20 to > 100 m). The groundwater possessed the highest concentrations of PO4 (0.5 mg/L), HCO3 (425 mg/L), Cl (623 mg/L), NO3 (136.68 mg/L) and SO4 (749.7 mg/L) concentrations. There was no difference in concentration of As in shallow and deep aquifers. Interestingly, none of the water samples showed As concentration higher than the WHO limit of 10 µg/L for drinking water with groundwater As concentration spanning from 2.5 to 7.9 µg/L. The HQ values for As were less than 1 and there was no apparent non-carcinogenic risk from the long-term consumption of As contaminated water. The questionnaire survey indicated that 82% respondents believe that drinking water quality affects human health and 55% of respondents considered that groundwater in the area is not suitable for drinking. Survey results revealed that 29.11, 22.78, 17.08, 15.19, 7.59, 5.06 and 3.16% respondents/family members suffered from hepatitis, skin problems, diabetes, tuberculosis, kidney disorders, muscular weakness and gastro, respectively. However, the data cannot be correlated with As contamination and disease burden in the local community and it can be anticipated that the groundwater may contain other potentially toxic ions that are deteriorating the water quality and compromising human health. The hydrogeochemical analysis revealed Na-Cl/SO4, K-SO4 type of groundwater suggesting the potential role of sulfate containing minerals in releasing As in the groundwater aquifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zafar Iqbal
- Department of Geography, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Ghani Rahman
- Department of Geography, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Miandad
- Department of Geography, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Behzad Murtaza
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan.
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29
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Batool M, Keating C, Javed S, Nasir A, Muddassar M, Ijaz UZ. A Cross-Sectional Study of Potential Antimicrobial Resistance and Ecology in Gastrointestinal and Oral Microbial Communities of Young Normoweight Pakistani Individuals. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020279. [PMID: 36838244 PMCID: PMC9965051 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major global public health concern mainly affecting low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) due to lack of awareness, inadequate healthcare and sanitation infrastructure, and other environmental factors. In this study, we aimed to link microbial assembly and covariates (body mass index, smoking, and use of antibiotics) to gut microbiome structure and correlate the predictive antimicrobial gene prevalence (piARG) using PICRUSt2. We examined the gastrointestinal and oral microbial profiles of healthy adults in Pakistan through 16S rRNA gene sequencing with a focus on different ethnicities, antibiotic usage, drinking water type, smoking, and other demographic measures. We then utilised a suite of innovative statistical tools, driven by numerical ecology and machine learning, to address the above aims. We observed that drinking tap water was the main contributor to increased potential AMR signatures in the Pakistani cohort compared to other factors considered. Microbial niche breadth analysis highlighted an aberrant gut microbial signature of smokers with increased age. Moreover, covariates such as smoking and age impact the human microbial community structure in this Pakistani cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Batool
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
- James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Ciara Keating
- James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
- School of Biodiversity, One Health, and Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Sundus Javed
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
| | - Arshan Nasir
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Muddassar
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (U.Z.I.)
| | - Umer Zeeshan Ijaz
- James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK
- College of Science and Engineering, University of Galway, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (U.Z.I.)
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30
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Rahmat ZS, Zubair A, Abdi I, Humayun N, Arshad F, Essar MY. The rise of diarrheal illnesses in the children of Pakistan amidst COVID-19: A narrative review. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1043. [PMID: 36620511 PMCID: PMC9811062 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In Pakistan, 74 children out of 1000 lose their lives annually due to diarrheal illness. This commentary addresses the contributing factors aggravating this growing dilemma and the effect of a simultaneous rise in COVID-19 cases in a healthcare system ready to collapse, along with providing recommendations to alleviate the problems causing this spike in diarrheal cases. Methods This narrative review has emphasized the causes of the spike in pediatric diarrheal illnesses in Pakistan as well as recommendations offered to lessen the burden by incorporating recent literature (n = 68). Tactics to tackle COVID-19 alongside diarrheal illnesses were also included. Pakistan was chosen to be assessed due to its high burden of child and infant mortality due to preventable causes. Results The provision of safe drinking water, the proper use of Integrated Management of Newborn and Childhood Illnesses (IMNCI), adequate awareness of the benefits of breastfeeding, the use of correct rehydration techniques such as Oral Rehydration Therapy, and the crucial implementation of the EPI vaccination schedule can curb this increase in diarrheal cases. Conclusion The increased prevalence of diarrheal diseases amongst the pediatric population of Pakistan can be attributed largely due to unsanitary drinking water. Emphasis must be put in the provision of safe drinking water. During the first years of life, children can be kept safe from deadly pathogens just by adequate breastfeeding. IMNCI and EPI must also be properly implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Syyeda Rahmat
- Faculty of Medicine, Dow Medical CollegeDow University of Health SciencesKarachiPakistan
| | - Amraha Zubair
- Faculty of Medicine, Dow Medical CollegeDow University of Health SciencesKarachiPakistan
| | - Ikran Abdi
- Faculty of Medicine, Sindh Medical CollegeJinnah Sindh Medical UniversityKarachiPakistan
| | - Narmil Humayun
- Faculty of Medicine, Dow Medical CollegeDow University of Health SciencesKarachiPakistan
| | - Fatima Arshad
- Faculty of Medicine, Dow Medical CollegeDow University of Health SciencesKarachiPakistan
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Jiang X, Zhang H, Wang X, Zhang X, Ding K. Comprehensive Analysis of the Association between Human Diseases and Water Pollutants. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192416475. [PMID: 36554354 PMCID: PMC9779172 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Drinking water is an important natural resource. For many people worldwide, especially in developing countries, access to safe drinking water is still a dream. An increasing number of human activities and industrialization have caused various physical, chemical, and biological pollutants to enter water bodies, affecting human health. Water pollutants contain a vast number of additives, such as perfluorinated chemicals, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, phthalate, nanomaterials, insecticides, microcystins, heavy metals, and pharmacologies. In this work, we aim to explore the potential relationship between water pollutants and human diseases. Here, we explored an integrative approach to identify genes, biological processes, molecular functions, and diseases linked to exposure to these water pollutants. These processes and functions affected by water pollutants are related to many diseases, including colonic neoplasms, breast neoplasms, hepatitis B, bladder cancer, and human cytomegalovirus infection. In addition, further analysis revealed the genes that play a key role in the human diseases induced by water pollutants. Therefore, conducting an integrative toxicogenomic analysis of water pollutants is more appropriate for evaluating the potential effects of water pollutants on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlu Jiang
- Department of Hematology, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Huanhuan Zhang
- Department of Respiratory, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Hematology, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Kaiyang Ding
- Department of Hematology, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
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Mekawi EM, Abbas MH, Mohamed I, Jahin HS, El-Ghareeb D, Al-Senani GM, Al-Mufarij RS, Abdelhafez AA, Mansour RR, Bassouny MA. Potential Hazards and Health Assessment Associated with Different Water Uses in the Main Industrial Cities of Egypt. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2022.101587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Climate Change and Water Crises in Pakistan: Implications on Water Quality and Health Risks. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 2022:5484561. [PMID: 36458129 PMCID: PMC9708371 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5484561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Pakistan is vulnerable and most affected by adverse impacts of climate change. The study examines the impact of climate change on Pakistan during the year 2022, resulting into unprecedented heatwave and drought in summers followed by the abnormal rains and floods during monsoon season. Agriculture is the backbone of Pakistan's economy, which has been devastated by both drought and floods. While the flood water is gradually receding, the stagnant contaminated water is causing several health risks for the inhabitants. This research argues that water security is the emerging national security challenge for Pakistan. The article investigates the status of water availability vis-a-vis the burgeoning population, agriculture, and other uses of water. Impact of abnormal melting of glaciers, nonavailability of dams for storage of rainwater, and lack of smart means for agriculture water have been examined to empirically validate the arguments.
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Zhang K, Ruan R, Zhang Z, Zhi S. An exhaustive investigation on antibiotics contamination from livestock farms within sensitive reservoir water area: Spatial density, source apportionment and risk assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 847:157688. [PMID: 35908704 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Although the studies on antibiotic contamination are common at present, large-scale sampling studies drawing highly representative conclusions are still scarce. This study conducted a comprehensive investigation on a total of 1183 samples from 70 livestock farms within a sensitive area around reservoir waters. 45 types of antibiotics belonging to 5 different classes were monitored. This is the first analysis to comprehensively investigate the density distribution, source apportionment, ecological and health risk of antibiotics in an entire area of sensitive waters. The results showed that the layer manure samples had highest detection rate of antibiotics (0.0 %-96.1 %, average value = 30.7 %) followed by pig manure samples. Oxytetracycline had the highest concentration of 712.16 mg/kg in a pig manure sample. Different from using antibiotic concentration as a proxy for pollution level, the spatial density was calculated by averaging antibiotic concentration to area and converting different livestock to pig equivalent. The spatial density of pig equivalent can more realistically reflect the pollution caused by different breeds of livestocks. It was shown that the pig farms contributed higher to total antibiotic density than the layer and cattle farms did. After assessed, a few antibiotics (oxytetracycline, chlorotetracycline and tetracycline) have posed high ecological risks to soil around the farms. However, none of them caused hazard quotient (HQ) risk and carcinogenic risk (CR) to human health in the water of reservoir. Children were more likely to be at hazard risk than adults. Antibiotic mass fluctuation rules were analyzed along the chain (feed → livestock waste → soil → surface water). Feed, livestock waste and soil had similar diversity, but the antibiotic concentrations continued to decline, implying the possible sources of antibiotic residues were similar. Thus, it is important to reduce unnecessary antibiotic use to prevent the potential long-term risk of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keqiang Zhang
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Rong Ruan
- College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Zulin Zhang
- The James Hutton Institute, Aberdeen AB18 8QH, United Kingdom
| | - Suli Zhi
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China.
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Ikram M, Haider A, Bibi ST, Ul-Hamid A, Haider J, Shahzadi I, Nabgan W, Moeen S, Ali S, Goumri-Said S, Kanoun MB. Synthesis of Al/starch co-doped in CaO nanoparticles for enhanced catalytic and antimicrobial activities: experimental and DFT approaches. RSC Adv 2022; 12:32142-32155. [PMID: 36425723 PMCID: PMC9644690 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra06340a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, aluminum/starch (St)-doped CaO nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by a co-precipitation method to degrade harmful dyes in various pH media. Systematic characterization was performed to investigate the influence of Al/St dopants on the composition, crystal structure, functional groups present, optical characteristics, and morphology of CaO NPs. Further hybrid density functional analyses corroborated that the band gap energy was reduced as the Al concentration in starch-doped CaO is increased. Optical absorption spectra of the synthesized materials revealed a redshift upon doping, which indicated depletion in the band gap energy of Al/St-doped CaO. PL spectroscopy showed that the intensity of CaO was reduced by the incorporation of Al and St assigned to minimum electron-hole pair recombination. Interlayer spacing and morphological features were determined by HR-TEM. HRTEM revealed that the control sample has cubic NPs and the incorporation of St showed overlapping around agglomerated NPs. The d-spacing of CaO was little enhanced by the inclusion of dopants. Experimental outcomes indicated that the addition of Co-dopants improved the catalytic potential of CaO NPs. Al (4%)/St-doped CaO NPs expressed a significant reduction of methylene blue in a basic environment. The maximum bactericidal performance was observed as 10.25 mm and 4.95 mm in the inhibition zone against S. aureus and E. coli, respectively, after the addition of Al and St in CaO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ikram
- Solar Cell Applications Research Lab, Department of Physics, Government College University Lahore Lahore 54000 Punjab Pakistan
| | - Ali Haider
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture Multan 66000 Punjab Pakistan
| | - Syeda Tayaba Bibi
- Department of Physics, RICAS, Riphah International University Lahore 54000 Pakistan
| | - Anwar Ul-Hamid
- Core Research Facilities, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals Dhahran 31261 Saudi Arabia
| | - Junaid Haider
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Tianjin 300308 China
| | - Iram Shahzadi
- Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan
| | - Walid Nabgan
- Department d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili Tarragona 43007 Spain
| | - Sawaira Moeen
- Solar Cell Applications Research Lab, Department of Physics, Government College University Lahore Lahore 54000 Punjab Pakistan
| | - Salamat Ali
- Department of Physics, RICAS, Riphah International University Lahore 54000 Pakistan
| | - Souraya Goumri-Said
- College of Science, Physics Department, Alfaisal University P.O. Box 50927 Riyadh 11533 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Benali Kanoun
- Department of Physics, College of Science, King Faisal University P.O. Box 400 Al-Ahsa 31982 Saudi Arabia
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Timalsina H, Gyawali T, Ghimire S, Paudel SR. Potential application of enhanced phytoremediation for heavy metals treatment in Nepal. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 306:135581. [PMID: 35798158 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals contamination in soil and water resources is a great threat to developing countries because of the lack of waste treatment facilities. A majority of wastewater treatment methods are known to be expensive and out of reach for municipalities and small pollution treatment enterprises. Phytotechnology is a promising, sustainable, environment-friendly, and cost-effective technique for domestic and industrial wastewater treatment in places where land is available. However, interest in conventional remediation methods and the lack of information on recent advances in a significant portion of the society in developing countries have restrained the applications of phytoremediation. This review discusses the concept of phytoremediation, mechanisms of heavy metals removal by plants, and the potential application of enhanced phytoremediation technologies in developing countries like Nepal. The authors also review the commercially viable hyperaccumulator species with their native distribution, heavy metals intake capacity, and their availability in Nepal. Those native plants can be utilized locally or introduced strategically in other parts/countries as well. Thus, for a flora-rich country like Nepal, this study holds great potential and presents enhanced phytoremediation as an effective and sustainable strategy for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haribansha Timalsina
- Department of Civil Engineering, Pulchowk Campus, Institute of Engineering, Tribhuvan University, Pulchowk, Lalitpur, 44700, Nepal; Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, USA
| | - Tunisha Gyawali
- Department of Civil Engineering, Pulchowk Campus, Institute of Engineering, Tribhuvan University, Pulchowk, Lalitpur, 44700, Nepal
| | - Swastik Ghimire
- Department of Civil Engineering, Pulchowk Campus, Institute of Engineering, Tribhuvan University, Pulchowk, Lalitpur, 44700, Nepal
| | - Shukra Raj Paudel
- Department of Civil Engineering, Pulchowk Campus, Institute of Engineering, Tribhuvan University, Pulchowk, Lalitpur, 44700, Nepal; Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Science and Technology, Korea University, Sejong, Republic of Korea.
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Water sanitation problem in Pakistan: A review on disease prevalence, strategies for treatment and prevention. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2022; 82:104709. [PMID: 36268387 PMCID: PMC9577838 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.104709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The global water crisis is expected to worsen if urgent action is not taken in making sustainable amends. This applies to Pakistan as the entire country suffers massively from poor water sanitation. Waterborne diseases are rising exponentially attributed to rise in microbial infestations, trace elements and drug toxicity in many water bodies of Pakistan. Treatment and prevention strategies must be implemented through national authorities and at the individual level. Awareness on use of clean water must be emphasized and proper administration on water management policies should be implemented. Immediate and active sustainability for water resources can ensure a safer future for Pakistan. Water Sanitation has been a problem all over Pakistan. The current situation has shown that most rural areas and some urban areas suffer due to the unclean water supply, which progresses in many diseases. This paper combines many methods of preventing waterborne diseases and treating the water bodies to make it free from contaminants.
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Awareness Level of Business Students regarding Drinking Water Safety and Associated Adulteration Accidents: A Multinomial Logistic Regression Approach. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 2022:7492409. [PMID: 36072491 PMCID: PMC9444455 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7492409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The industrialization of metropolis urban areas with dry and steppe climates raise substantial environmental contamination, particularly in the water domain. This research investigated the awareness levels of business students toward drinking water quality and safety. We further explored the knowledge of the business students regarding drinking water issues and remedies. Eighty-four percent of respondents were happy with the quality of their drinking water, according to the findings. Approximately 66% of respondents paid special or rather high attention to drinking water quality and contamination incidents, particularly regarding possible harm to the human body and health, impact scope, and accident reasons. Few respondents reported to the health department or phoned the water safety department; 47.5% of respondents resolved drinking water issues independently. Age and education level did not play a significant role in the degree of public satisfaction with water quality or the public's perception of water pollution incidents; however, business students in Samundri were more satisfied with their drinking water quality, and residents of Faisalabad Sadar were more aware of drinking water contamination incidents than residents in areas without such a network. Respondents with higher levels of education were more aware of water quality and pollution incidents than those with lower levels of education. The steppe climate, diverse human activities, and industrialization led to water pollution. The current research findings may provide fundamental data for efficient water management in the most populated and industrialized regions.
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Nasir MJ, Tufail M, Ayaz T, Khan S, Khan AZ, Lei M. Groundwater quality assessment and its vulnerability to pollution: a study of district Nowshera, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:692. [PMID: 35984532 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10399-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater is the drinking water source for the majority of rural settlements of district Nowshera, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The study aimed to analyze the groundwater quality and its vulnerability to pollution and to develop its spatial distribution mapping. For this purpose, forty-eight groundwater samples were collected from dug wells, tube wells, and hand pumps of sixteen villages and analyzed for physicochemical parameters. The XY coordinates of the sample's sources were marked by Magellan Triton 1500 handheld global positioning system (GPS). The results were compared with WHO and Pak-EPA guidelines. The results of the majority of selected parameters were found within the WHO and Pak-EPA guidelines; however, in certain areas the concentration of total dissolved solids (TDS), chlorides (Cl-), and alkalinity were higher than the guideline limits. Based on cumulative water quality the excellent water quality prevails over an area of 376 km2 (21% of district area), good water quality 726 km2 (42%), poor 424 km2 (24%), very poor 116 km2 (6%), and unfit for drinking 84 km2 (4%). The water of the Nizampur and Rashaki areas were categorized unfit for drinking. The groundwater quality of nearly one-half of the district varies from poor to very poor, and the soil type and vadose zone sediment/material was found the key reason for groundwater contamination. Based on the infiltration capacity of vadose zone material, the study area was divided into four water pollution vulnerable zones. The low vulnerable zone covers an area of 104 km2, moderate 862 km2, high 667 km2, and very high 93 km2. The most important factor which determines the vulnerability of the groundwater to contamination is the vadose zone material/sediment which in turn determines the soil infiltration capacity. The generated groundwater susceptibility and water quality maps provide critical information for identifying optimal locations for supply wells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muhammad Tufail
- Department of Geography, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Tehreem Ayaz
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, People's Republic of China.
| | - Sardar Khan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Amir Zeb Khan
- PaK-Austria Fachhochschule: Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, Mang, Haripur, 22620, Pakistan
| | - Ming Lei
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, People's Republic of China
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Umer F, Khan M, Khan FR, Tejani K. Managing dental unit waterlines: a quality improvement programme. BMJ Open Qual 2022; 11:bmjoq-2021-001685. [PMID: 35667705 PMCID: PMC9171218 DOI: 10.1136/bmjoq-2021-001685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of bacterial biofilms within dental unit waterlines (DUWLs) can cause secondary bacterial infections in immunocompromised patients. As a result, the management of biofilms within waterlines has always concerned medical and dental professionals. In February 2020, an internal audit identified the high bacterial counts within the DUWLs at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi and this paper discusses a pragmatic approach to improving the water quality of DUWLs. A three-person committee was developed and the area for improvement was identified as the contaminated DUWLs. Distilled water samples from two dental units were first assessed as baseline in July 2020. The process changes were then implemented which included daily flushing of the dental unit waterlines and ‘shock treatment’ using A-dec ICX capsules. Subsequently, the units were tested after intervention on 24 August 2020 and water from all 16 dental units assessed on 20 November 2020 and again on 22 April 2021. The samples from all the dental units assessed showed marked reduction in bacterial counts and compliance with the Centers for Disease Control guidelines after intervention. All the dental units showed minimal bacterial counts; however, a slightly low pH was noted in the final round of water testing. DUWLs are heavily contaminated with microbes and pose potential risk both to the patient as well as the DHCPs. This study suggests that chemical disinfection using A-dec ICX tablets and flushing as an effective method of reducing the bacterial load in DUWLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Umer
- Surgery, Operative Dentistry, The Aga Khan University Hospital Main Campus Karachi, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Madiha Khan
- Surgery, The Aga Khan University Hospital Main Campus Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Farhan Raza Khan
- Surgery, Operative Dentistry, The Aga Khan University Hospital Main Campus Karachi, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Karim Tejani
- Surgery, The Aga Khan University Hospital Main Campus Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
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Water Quality from the Sources of Non-Centralized Water Supply within the Rural Settlements of Zhytomyr Region. EKOLÓGIA (BRATISLAVA) 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/eko-2022-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The research was conducted within the territories of rural settlements of Zhytomyr region. A total of 72 sources of non-centralized water supply were surveyed. Water quality was assessed by physical and chemical (pH, iron total, total water hardness) and toxicological (nitrites, nitrates, and ammonium) indicators, the content of which was compared with the norms given in the State Sanitary Regulations and Standards 2.2.4-171-10 “Hygienic Requirements for Drinking Water Intended for Human Consumption.” The assessment of drinking water quality was carried out in accordance with DSTU (National Standards of Ukraine) 4808:2007 and with the water quality index (WQI). It was found that the largest deviations from the norm among toxicological indicators were observed for nitrates – 63.9%. In terms of water quality classes according to DSTU 4808:2007, drinking water from sources of non-centralized water supply of villages showed the following distribution: 2.8% of the samples belonged to class 1 (excellent water quality), 72.2% to class 2, and 25% to class 3. According to WQI, 16.7% of the examined sources of non-centralized water supply had excellent water, 63.9% had good water, and 19.4% had poor water. Despite the fact that the water from the investigated sources of non-centralized water supply was of acceptable quality, it is impotable due to the excessive nitrate content. The results obtained show that there is a need for monitoring of drinking water quality from the sources of non-centralized water supply, especially in rural settlements that are not provided with centralized water supply.
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Kumar P, Arshad F, Shaheen SK, Nadeem A, Islam Z, Essar MY. Water sanitation in Karachi and its impact on health. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2022; 77:103688. [PMID: 35638014 PMCID: PMC9142649 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.103688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Karachi is the largest city and premiere industrial and financial center of Pakistan yet is subjected to major infrastructure deficits. Of primary concern is poor water sanitation which has predisposed a weak healthcare system and its citizens to increased infectious diseases. In Karachi, causes of this include a mismanaged sewage system, poor urban planning, and overcrowding. Several reasons such as lack of funding, corruption, and mismanagement have exacerbated circumstances placing extra strain on Karachi's already scarce water supply. In addition, lack of maintenance and regulation of the existing system has led to increased contaminated water delivery to citizens. Consequently, outbreaks of various water borne diseases such as typhoid, helicobacter pylori, malaria, diarrhea etc have severely impacted healthcare of citizens, especially with the COVID-19 pandemic. The situation is worsened by Karachi's rapidly growing population and lack of awareness among citizens regarding safe drinking water. Prior socioeconomic disparities, and illiteracy complicate access to medications and appropriate healthcare services. However, despite weak efforts from the government, several national and international organizations continue to strive to improve access to clean, drinkable water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prince Kumar
- Faculty of Medicine, Dow University of Health and Sciences, Pakistan
| | - Fatima Arshad
- Faculty of Medicine, Dow University of Health and Sciences, Pakistan
| | | | - Arsalan Nadeem
- Faculty of Medicine, Allama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zarmina Islam
- Faculty of Medicine, Dow University of Health and Sciences, Pakistan
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Rahman SU, Chaudhry IS, Meo MS, Sheikh SM, Idrees S. Asymmetric effect of FDI and public expenditure on population health: new evidence from Pakistan based on non-linear ARDL. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:23871-23886. [PMID: 34817814 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17525-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The core purpose of the study is to examine the asymmetric effect of foreign direct investment (FDI) and population health (measured by life expectancy index). The study takes time series data for 1980-2020. The non-linear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) bound testing to cointegration approach is applied to scrutinize an asymmetric association among foreign direct investment, government expenditures, trade openness, public debt, and population health. The study also used an asymmetric causality test to investigate the causal association between the measured variables. The findings affirm that cointegration exists between the variables in the occurrence of asymmetries. The asymmetric causality outcomes confirm that only positive changes in FDI have bidirectional causality to life expectancy while negative shocks have unidirectional that runs from FDI to life expectancy. The government expenditure and foreign direct investment also provided evidence of social sector health welfare in Pakistan. The output shows that increasing government expenditure can cause an increase in life expectancy while decreasing government expenditure can cause a decrease in life expectancy. The study found that investment in health care medical services is paramount to better results as far as government assistance (welfare) gains. The outcomes of the study have given numerous policy suggestions to boost life expectancy in the general public of Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Muhammad Saeed Meo
- Superior University, Lahore, Pakistan
- Lab for Gas, Technology and Sustainable Development, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia
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A Literature Review of Modelling and Experimental Studies of Water Treatment by Adsorption Processes on Nanomaterials. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12040360. [PMID: 35448329 PMCID: PMC9029349 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12040360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A significant growth in the future demand for water resources is expected. Hence researchers have focused on finding new technologies to develop water filtration systems by using experimental and simulation methods. These developments were mainly on membrane-based separation technology, and photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants which play an important role in wastewater treatment by means of adsorption technology. In this work, we provide valuable critical review of the latest experimental and simulation methods on wastewater treatment by adsorption on nanomaterials for the removal of pollutants. First, we review the wastewater treatment processes that were carried out using membranes and nanoparticles. These processes are highlighted and discussed in detail according to the rate of pollutant expulsion, the adsorption capacity, and the effect of adsorption on nanoscale surfaces. Then we review the role of the adsorption process in the photocatalytic degradation of pollutants in wastewater. We summarise the comparison based on decomposition ratios and degradation efficiency of pollutants. Therefore, the present article gives an evidence-based review of the rapid development of experimental and theoretical studies on wastewater treatment by adsorption processes. Lastly, the future direction of adsorption methods on water filtration processes is indicated.
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Masood N, Hudson-Edwards KA, Farooqi A. Groundwater nitrate and fluoride profiles, sources and health risk assessment in the coal mining areas of Salt Range, Punjab Pakistan. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2022; 44:715-728. [PMID: 34037891 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-00987-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To assess the loading profiles of groundwater nitrate (NO3-) and fluoride (F-), their spatial distributions, geochemistry and associated health risks were determined for 131 groundwater samples from eastern (ESR), central (CSR) and Trans-Indus Salt Ranges (TSR) in Pakistan. Groundwater NO3- concentrations were 0.2-308 mg/L (mean 59 mg/L) in ESR, 2.7-203 mg/L (mean 73 mg/L) in CSR and 1.1-259 mg/L (mean 69 mg/L) in the TSR. Forty-one %, 57% and 36% of the ESR, CSR and TSR samples, respectively, exceeded the WHO and Pak-NEQs permissible limit of 50 mg/L NO3-. Likewise, groundwater F- concentrations ranged from 0.1-1.8 mg/L (mean 0.6 mg/L), 0.1-2.7 mg/L (mean 0.9 mg/L) and 0.3-2.5 mg/L (mean 1.6 mg/L) mg/L in the ESR, CSR and TSR sites, respectively. In this case, 3%, 17% and 27% of the ESR, CSR and TSR samples, respectively, exceeded the WHO and Pak-NEQs permissible limit of 1.5 mg/L F. Oxidation of coal and coal waste resulted in the release of NO3- to groundwater. By contrast, enrichment of F- in groundwater was due to dissolution and cation exchange processes. Elevated values of the Higher Pollution Index (PI) and Health Risk Index (HRI) reflect a non-acceptable carcinogenic risk for drinking water NO3- and F- which should be addressed on a priority basis to protect human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noshin Masood
- Environmental Geochemistry Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, PO, Pakistan
| | - Karen A Hudson-Edwards
- Environment & Sustainability Institute and Camborne School of Mines, University of Exeter, Penryn, TR10 9EZ, UK
| | - Abida Farooqi
- Environmental Geochemistry Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, PO, Pakistan.
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Syngouna VI, Kourtaki KI, Georgopoulou MP, Chrysikopoulos CV. The role of nanoparticles (titanium dioxide, graphene oxide) on the inactivation of co-existing bacteria in the presence and absence of quartz sand. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:19199-19211. [PMID: 34709550 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17086-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The increased mass production and application of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) have resulted in the release of nanoparticles (NPs) in the environment, raising uncertainties regarding their environmental impacts. This study examines the effect of graphene oxide (GO) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) NPs on the inactivation of the three model bacteria originated by mammalians including humans: Escherichia (E.) coli, Enterococcus (E.) faecalis, and Staphylococcus (S.) aureus. A series of dynamic batch experiments were conducted at constant room temperature (22 °C) in order to examine the inactivation of co-existing bacteria by NPs, in the presence and absence of quartz sand. The inactivation experimental data were satisfactorily fitted with a pseudo-first order expression with a time dependent rate coefficient. The inactivation of E. coli and S. aureus was shown to increase in the co-presence of GO or TiO2 NPs and quartz sand comparing with the presence of GO or TiO2 NPs alone. For E. faecalis, no clear trend was observed. Moreover, quartz sand was shown to affect inactivation of bacteria by GO and TiO2 NPs. Among the bacteria examined, the highest inactivation rates were observed for S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki I Syngouna
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, 73100, Chania, Greece.
- Department of Environment, Ionian University, 29100, Zakynthos, Greece.
| | - Kleanthi I Kourtaki
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, 73100, Chania, Greece
| | - Maria P Georgopoulou
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, 73100, Chania, Greece
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Cengiz MF, Sen F, Bilgin AK, Boyaci-Gunduz CP. Determination of exposure to major iodide ion uptake inhibitors through drinking waters. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 204:112345. [PMID: 34774300 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Goiter, abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland, is a significant worldwide public health problem. Iodine deficiency is known as the most common cause. Iodine is actively transported as iodide ion (I-) using Sodium Iodide Symporter (NIS) and sufficient blocking of I- transportation prevents the synthesis of thyroid hormones. The transportation can be blocked by some polyatomic anions known as I- uptake inhibitors. Perchlorate (ClO4-), thiocyanate (SCN-) and nitrate (NO3-) are reported as the major I- uptake inhibitors and exposure could be through various routes. Drinking water is an important exposure route. Since water is essential to sustain life, drinking water safety is very important for the protection of public health. However, as a result of natural and human-based processes, water can be contaminated and contamination of drinking water is a global food safety problem due to causing significant health and environmental problemsIn that context, this study aims to determine exposure levels to I- uptake inhibitors that arise from drinking waters at five different districts in Antalya, Turkey. Collected water samples contained NO3- and ClO4- in the range of 0.86-47.42 mg/L and <LOQ-0.11 mg/L, respectively. SCN- levels were <LOQ in all samples. Daily exposure was calculated for different age groups of 2-65+ years using contaminant levels, water consumption and body weight data. Mean NO3- and ClO4- exposure levels were in the range of 115.89-375.06 and 0.07-0.22 μg/kg bw/d, respectively. Exposure levels were decreased with increasing age and the highest exposure levels were calculated for children due to their lower body weight. Although no risk was determined for the I- uptake inhibitors in tested locations based on the guideline values recommended by EPA and WHO, there has been a need for more exposure assessment studies in the areas where the high prevalence of goiter is observed all over the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Fatih Cengiz
- Akdeniz University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, 07058, Antalya, Turkey.
| | - Fatih Sen
- Sen Research Group, Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Arts and Science, Dumlupinar University, Evliya Celebi Campus, 43100, Kutahya, Turkey.
| | - Ayse Kevser Bilgin
- Bursa Uludag University, Vocational School of Keles, Department of Food Technology, 16740, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Cennet Pelin Boyaci-Gunduz
- Adana Alparslan Turkes Science and Technology University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Food Engineering, 01250, Adana, Turkey
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A Machine-Learning Approach for Prediction of Water Contamination Using Latitude, Longitude, and Elevation. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14050728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
One of the significant issues that the world has faced in recent decades has been the estimation of water quality and location where safe drinking water is available. Due to the unexpected nature of the mode of water contamination, it is not easy to analyze the quality and maintain it. Some machine-learning techniques are used for predicting contaminating factors but there is no technique that can predict the contamination using latitude, longitude, and elevation. The main aim of this paper is to put factors such as water body location and elevation, which are used as inputs, into the different machine-learning techniques that predict the contamination. The results are reviewed and analyzed according to groundwater contamination and the chemical composition of the groundwater location. Non-changeable factors such as latitude, longitude, and elevation are used to predict pH, temperature, turbidity, dissolved oxygen hardness, chlorides, alkalinity, and chemical oxygen demand. Such a study has not been conducted in the past where location-based factors are used to predict the water contamination of any area. This research focuses on creating a relationship between the location base factors affecting the water contamination in a given area.
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Khan HK, Rehman MYA, Junaid M, Lv M, Yue L, Haq IU, Xu N, Malik RN. Occurrence, source apportionment and potential risks of selected PPCPs in groundwater used as a source of drinking water from key urban-rural settings of Pakistan. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 807:151010. [PMID: 34662624 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are emerging contaminants that have been extensively used in present time to improve the living standards. Their persistence in water resources due to various anthropogenic sources such as wastewater treatment plants, pharmaceutical industries, and runoff from agricultural and livestock farms has not only threaten aquatic life but their occurrence in groundwater has also raised concerns related to humans' wellbeing. METHODS Considering this as a neglected area of research in Pakistan, a systematic monitoring study was designed to investigate their occurrence, sources, and potential environmental and human health risks in groundwater from urban-rural areas of six cities. Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) was used to analyze the collected samples preceded by solid-phase extraction. RESULTS Overall, 8 out of 11 selected PPCPs were detected in groundwater samples with detection frequency ranging from 5.5-65%. Their concentrations ranged from below limit of detection (<LOD) to 1961 ng/L. The overall mean concentrations of detected PPCPs were found below 100 ng/L. The highest mean concentration was reported for Ibuprofen (154 ng/L) in Rawalpindi/Islamabad. Results of PCA-MLR revealed that domestic wastewater discharge (76.4%) was the dominant source contributing to PPCPs contamination in groundwater. Followed by mixed source (pharmaceutical & hospital waste) 17.8%, and rural discharge/animal husbandry 5.8%. No appreciable risk to human health upon exposure to detected PPCPs via drinking water was anticipated. However, environmental risk assessment indicated moderate risk posed to P. subcapitata (RQ = 0.98) and D. magna (RQ = 0.2) by ibuprofen. CONCLUSION The current study reports the first evidence of PPCPs occurrence in groundwater in Pakistan. Reporting their occurrence in groundwater is a fundamental initial step to inform public-health decisions concerning sewage systems and drinking water quality. Hence, comprehensive monitoring programs are required to further investigate contamination of emerging contaminants in groundwater and their associated risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hudda Khaleeq Khan
- Environmental Health Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Yasir Abdur Rehman
- Environmental Health Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Junaid
- Key Laboratory for Heavy Metal Pollution Control and Reutilization, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ming Lv
- Key Laboratory for Heavy Metal Pollution Control and Reutilization, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Linxia Yue
- Key Laboratory for Heavy Metal Pollution Control and Reutilization, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ihsan-Ul Haq
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Nan Xu
- Key Laboratory for Heavy Metal Pollution Control and Reutilization, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Riffat Naseem Malik
- Environmental Health Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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Yasmeen N, Jabbar A, Shah T, Fang LX, Aslam B, Naseeb I, Shakeel F, Ahmad HI, Baloch Z, Liu Y. One Health Paradigm to Confront Zoonotic Health Threats: A Pakistan Prospective. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:719334. [PMID: 35211097 PMCID: PMC8861076 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.719334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence and re-emergence of zoonotic diseases significantly impact human health, particularly those who live in impoverished areas and have close contact with domestic or wild animals. Nearly 75% of zoonotic diseases are transmitted directly from animals to humans or indirectly via vector/agent interactions between animals and humans. Growing populations, globalization, urbanization, and the interaction of the environment with humans and livestock all play roles in the emergence and spread of zoonotic diseases. "One Health" is a multidisciplinary concept aimed at improving human, animal, and environmental health, but this concept is not widely accepted in developing countries. In Pakistan, environmental, human, and animal health are severely affected due to a lack of sufficient resources. This review article provides an overview of the most common zoonotic diseases found in Pakistan and emphasizes the importance of the "One Health" concept in managing these diseases. Given the current situation, interdisciplinary research efforts are required to implement and sustain effective and long-term control measures in animal, human, and environmental health surveillance and accurate diagnostic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafeesa Yasmeen
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Abdul Jabbar
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Taif Shah
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Liang-xing Fang
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bilal Aslam
- Department of Microbiology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Iqra Naseeb
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Faiqa Shakeel
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Ishfaq Ahmad
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Zulqarnain Baloch
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yahong Liu
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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