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Plavc L, Skubic C, Dolenc Grošelj L, Rozman D. Variants in the circadian clock genes PER2 and PER3 associate with familial sleep phase disorders. Chronobiol Int 2024; 41:757-766. [PMID: 38695651 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2024.2348016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Delayed sleep phase disorder and advanced sleep phase disorder cause disruption of the circadian clock and present with extreme morning/evening chronotype with unclear role of the genetic etiology, especially for delayed sleep phase disorder. To assess if genotyping can aid in clinical diagnosis, we examined the presence of genetic variants in circadian clock genes previously linked to both sleep disorders in Slovenian patient cohort. Based on Morning-evening questionnaire, we found 15 patients with extreme chronotypes, 13 evening and 2 morning, and 28 controls. Sanger sequencing was used to determine the presence of carefully selected candidate SNPs in regions of the CSNK1D, PER2/3 and CRY1 genes. In a patient with an extreme morning chronotype and a family history of circadian sleep disorder we identified two heterozygous missense variants in PER3 gene, c.1243C>G (NM_001377275.1 (p.Pro415Ala)) and c.1250A>G (NM_001377275.1 (p.His417Arg)). The variants were significantly linked to Advanced sleep phase disorder and were also found in proband's father with extreme morningness. Additionally, a rare SNP was found in PER2 gene in a patient with clinical picture of Delayed sleep phase disorder. The novel variant in PER2 (NM_022817.3):c.1901-218 G>T was found in proband's parent with eveningness, indicating an autosomal dominant inheritance. We identified a family with autosomal dominant inheritance of two PER3 heterozygous variants that can be linked to Advanced sleep phase disorder. We revealed also a rare hereditary form of Delayed sleep phase disorder with a new PER2 variant with autosomal dominant inheritance, shedding the light into the genetic causality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Plavc
- Institute of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Centre for Functional Genomics and Bio-Chips, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Cene Skubic
- Centre for Functional Genomics and Bio-Chips, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Leja Dolenc Grošelj
- Institute of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Damjana Rozman
- Centre for Functional Genomics and Bio-Chips, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Sauers SC, Toedebusch CD, Richardson R, Spira AP, Morris JC, Holtzman DM, Lucey BP. Midpoint of sleep is associated with sleep quality in older adults with and without symptomatic Alzheimer's disease. SLEEP ADVANCES : A JOURNAL OF THE SLEEP RESEARCH SOCIETY 2024; 5:zpae023. [PMID: 38711547 PMCID: PMC11071685 DOI: 10.1093/sleepadvances/zpae023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Disrupted sleep is common in individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and may be a marker for AD risk. The timing of sleep affects sleep-wake activity and is also associated with AD, but little is known about links between sleep architecture and the midpoint of sleep in older adults. In this study, we tested if the midpoint of sleep is associated with different measures of sleep architecture, AD biomarkers, and cognitive status among older adults with and without symptomatic AD. Methods Participants (N = 243) with a mean age of 74 underwent standardized cognitive assessments, measurement of CSF AD biomarkers, and sleep monitoring via single-channel EEG, actigraphy, a home sleep apnea test, and self-reported sleep logs. The midpoint of sleep was defined by actigraphy. Results A later midpoint of sleep was associated with African-American race and greater night-to-night variability in the sleep midpoint. After adjusting for multiple potential confounding factors, a later sleep midpoint was associated with longer rapid-eye movement (REM) onset latency, decreased REM sleep time, more actigraphic awakenings at night, and higher < 2 Hz non-REM slow-wave activity. Conclusions Noninvasive in vivo markers of brain function, such as sleep, are needed to track both future risk of cognitive impairment and response to interventions in older adults at risk for AD. Sleep timing is associated with multiple other sleep measures and may affect their utility as markers of AD. The midpoint of sleep may be changed through behavioral intervention and should be taken into account when using sleep as a marker for AD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott C Sauers
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Cristina D Toedebusch
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rachel Richardson
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Adam P Spira
- Department of Mental Health, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Johns Hopkins Center on Aging and Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - John C Morris
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - David M Holtzman
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Center on Biological Rhythms and Sleep, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Brendan P Lucey
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Center on Biological Rhythms and Sleep, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
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Hwang KR, Lee M, Jang SJ. Social jetlag and body mass index among shift-working nurses in Korea: A cross-sectional study. Int J Nurs Knowl 2024; 35:195-202. [PMID: 36625567 DOI: 10.1111/2047-3095.12410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Shift-working nurses must function against their natural circadian system and are, thus, bound to be detrimentally affected by social jetlag. Circadian rhythms play a crucial role in regulating homeostasis, and social jetlag may increase one's risk for obesity. Therefore, this study aimed to identify associations between social jetlag and obesity among shift-working nurses. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 183 nurses working rotating shifts in South Korea. Chronotype and social jetlag were measured using the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire and the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire for Shift-Workers, respectively. Obesity was defined as a body mass index of 25.0 or higher, which was calculated using self-reported height and weight data. The associations between chronotype, social jetlag, and obesity were investigated using multiple logistic regression analysis. FINDINGS A total of 183 nurses were included in the analysis (81.4% women and 80.3% single, median age = 27.00 years). Majority of the participants' (95.1%) chronotypes were moderate evening or intermediate type. The mean overall social jetlag was 3 h and 31 min. The odds for obesity were 8.44 times higher among shift-working nurses whose social jetlag was over 3 h and 31 min (95% confidence interval: 1.66-42.99) while controlling for chronotype, exercise time, and eating habits. CONCLUSIONS Social jetlag may increase the likelihood of obesity among rotating shift-working nurses. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE To achieve positive outcomes for promoting nurses' health, upper nursing management should consider individual nurses' social jetlag when scheduling shifts. In addition, nursing managers should have the responsibility to educate nurses involved in shift work about the adverse effects of social jetlag.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Rim Hwang
- College of Nursing, Eulji University, Uijeongbu, Republic of Korea
| | - Miyoung Lee
- Nursing Department, College of Health and Welfare, Woosong University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Joo Jang
- College of Nursing, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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O'Neill RM, Cundiff JM, Wendel CJ, Schmidt AT, Cribbet MR. An Examination of Sleep as a Mediator of the Relationship between Childhood Adversity and Depression in Hispanic and Non-Hispanic Young Adults. Behav Med 2024; 50:106-117. [PMID: 36278905 DOI: 10.1080/08964289.2022.2131707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The current study integrates previous research on adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and long-term health outcomes to examine associations between ACEs, sleep duration, and depression in a diverse, mostly healthy, sample of young adults. We examine whether sleep duration mediates the association between ACEs and depression among young adults, and whether ethnicity may moderate observed relationships between ACEs, sleep duration and depression. Data were collected from 518 young adults (66.8% female, Mage=19.79 years, SDage=3.43 years) enrolled in undergraduate Psychology courses at a large Southwestern university. Participants primarily reported their racial/ethnic background as Non-Hispanic White (60.6%) and Hispanic/Latino (25.1%). Participants self-reported their ACEs exposure, sleep characteristics, and depressive symptoms. In addition to calculating overall exposure to ACEs, scores for the specific dimensions of adversity were also calculated (Abuse, Neglect, Exposure to Violence). Results supported a mediation model whereby higher reports of ACEs were associated with depressive symptoms both directly and through sleep duration. Results were not moderated by ethnicity. Findings provide support for sleep duration as one potential pathway through which ACEs may be associated with depressive symptoms in young adulthood, and suggest that this pathway is similar in Hispanic and non-Hispanic young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Adam T Schmidt
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University
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Crowley R, Javadi AH, Tamminen J. Better alignment between circadian preference and sleep and work timings during COVID-19 did not benefit work engagement at home. Chronobiol Int 2023; 40:1361-1374. [PMID: 37840270 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2023.2258954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Modern society is structured around early routines which cause evening types to suffer from health and performance detriments associated with sleep times being misaligned with biological needs (circadian preference). Given that COVID-19 lockdowns were less constrained by social schedules, the current study explores whether temporal behaviours became better aligned with biological needs, and whether these changes benefited work engagement. 406 UK participants reported circadian preference and pre-lockdown and lockdown sleep times, work times, and work engagement. Results found that sleep health improved under lockdown measures in terms of increased sleep duration and reduced social jetlag, and sleep and work times became better aligned with circadian preferences. The most circadian-misaligned participants - students and young adults - exhibited the largest changes to sleep and work habits. However, work engagement decreased more in participants with improved social jetlag and delayed work habits, which is surprising given that these temporal changes reflect improved circadian alignment. We discuss potential moderators including poor sleep quality, non-engaging work-from-home environments, and mental health. These findings have implications for encouraging flexible educational and employment schedules post-COVID-19 to satisfy the common drive to improve circadian alignment, but future work must determine the moderating factors that impair work engagement during remote work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Crowley
- Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, UK
| | | | - Jakke Tamminen
- Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, UK
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6
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Niroumand Sarvandani M, Asadi M, Mohtashami T, Mirrezaie SM, Talebi S, Garmabi B. Validity of the Persian version of the Munich ChronoType Questionnaire (MCTQ IR). Sleep Breath 2023; 27:2005-2012. [PMID: 36821030 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-023-02792-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Currently, the most useful questionnaire for determining the chronotype is the Munich ChronoType Questionnaire (MCTQ). It determines chronotype based on sleep-wake behavior on workdays and work-free days and uses the mid-sleep time on free days (MSF), corrected for accumulated sleep debt over the work week to classify chronotype (MSFsc). Our study aimed at validating Persian version of the MCTQ. METHODS Participants completed the Persian version of the MCTQ, reduced Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (rMEQ), Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS), and demographic characteristics. RESULTS The study sample was comprised of 250 Iranian men and women (mean age 34 years, age range 30 to 58 years, 113 men). Results showed that there is a significant negative relationship between the components of MCTQ and rMEQ, and the strongest relationship related to the MSF index. The results also showed that MCTQ parameters were not significantly related to the ESS scale. Cut-off values of MSFsc for chronotype categories were determined by inter-quartile range (Q25% = 3.44, Q50% = 4.68, and Q75% = 5.75). CONCLUSIONS Like the MCTQ in other languages, the Persian version of the MCTQ is a reliable tool for assessing chronotype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Masoud Asadi
- Department of Psychology and Counseling, Faculty of Humanities, Arak University, Arak, Iran
| | - Tayebeh Mohtashami
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Mirrezaie
- Center for Health Related Social and Behavioral Sciences Research, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Solmaz Talebi
- Center for Health Related Social and Behavioral Sciences Research, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Behzad Garmabi
- Center for Health Related Social and Behavioral Sciences Research, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.
- Study and Treatment of Circadian Rhythms Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.
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Tortello C, Folgueira A, Lopez JM, Didier Garnham F, Sala Lozano E, Rivero MS, Simonelli G, Vigo DE, Plano SA. Chronotype delay and sleep disturbances shaped by the Antarctic polar night. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15957. [PMID: 37743400 PMCID: PMC10518309 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43102-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronotype is a reliable biomarker for studying the influence of external zeitgebers on circadian entrainment. Assessment of chronotype variation in participants exposed to extreme photoperiods may be useful to investigate how changes in light-dark cycle modulate the circadian system. This study aimed to examine chronotype and sleep changes during a winter campaign at the Argentine Antarctic station Belgrano II. A sample of 82 men who overwintered in Antarctica completed the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire during March (daylight length: 18.6 h), May (daylight length: 2.8 h), July (daylight length: 0 h), September (daylight length: 14.5 h), November (daylight length: 24 h). The main results showed a decrease in sleep duration and a delay in chronotype and social jetlag during the polar night, highlighting the influence of social cues and the impact of the lack of natural light on circadian rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Tortello
- Chronophysiology Lab, Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED), Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina (UCA), National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Folgueira
- Health Department of Armed Force Personnel, Ministry of Defense, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J M Lopez
- Argentine Joint Command, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - E Sala Lozano
- Argentine Antarctic Institute, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M S Rivero
- Argentine Joint Command, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - G Simonelli
- Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- Département de Neurosciences, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- Centre d'études Avancées en Médecine du Sommeil, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, CIUSSS NÎM, Montreal, Canada
| | - D E Vigo
- Chronophysiology Lab, Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED), Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina (UCA), National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - S A Plano
- Chronophysiology Lab, Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED), Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina (UCA), National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Chronobiology Lab, Department of Science and Technology, National University of Quilmes (UNQ), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Lotti S, Dinu M, Colombini B, Amedei A, Sofi F. Circadian rhythms, gut microbiota, and diet: Possible implications for health. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 33:1490-1500. [PMID: 37246076 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2023.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Over the past years, interest in chrono-nutrition has grown enormously as the fundamental role of circadian rhythms in regulating most physiological and metabolic processes has become clearer. Recently, the influence of circadian rhythms on the gut microbiota (GM) composition has also emerged, as more than half of the total microbial composition fluctuates rhythmically throughout the day. At the same time, other studies have observed that the GM itself synchronises the host's circadian biological clock through signals of a different nature. Therefore, it has been hypothesised that there is a two-way communication between the circadian rhythms of the host and the GM, but researchers have only just begun to identify some of its action mechanisms. The manuscript aim is, therefore, to gather and combine the latest evidence in the field of chrono-nutrition with the more recent research on the GM, in order to investigate their relationship and their potential impact on human health. DATA SYNTHESIS Considering current evidence, a desynchronization of circadian rhythms is closely associated with an alteration in the abundance and functionality of the gut microbiota with consequent deleterious effects on health, such as increased risk of numerous pathologies, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, irritable bowel disease, and depression. A key role in maintaining the balance between circadian rhythms and GM seems to be attributed to meal-timing and diet quality, as well as to certain microbial metabolites, in particular short-chain fatty acids. CONCLUSIONS Future studies are needed to decipher the link between the circadian rhythms and specific microbial patterns in relation to different disease frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Lotti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Monica Dinu
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy.
| | - Barbara Colombini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Sofi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy; Unit of Clinical Nutrition, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy.
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Charifson M, Ghassabian A, Seok E, Naidu M, Mehta-Lee SS, Brubaker SG, Afanasyeva Y, Chen Y, Liu M, Trasande L, Kahn LG. Chronotype and sleep duration interact to influence time to pregnancy: Results from a New York City cohort. Sleep Health 2023; 9:467-474. [PMID: 37055302 PMCID: PMC10514230 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To study associations between nighttime sleep characteristics and time to pregnancy. METHODS Pregnant people age ≥18 years and<18 weeks' gestation were recruited from 3 New York University Grossman School of Medicine affiliated hospitals in Manhattan and Brooklyn (n = 1428) and enrolled into the New York University Children's Health and Environment Study. Participants in the first trimester of pregnancy were asked to recall their time to pregnancy and their sleep characteristics in the 3 months before conception. RESULTS Participants who reported sleeping<7 hours per night tended to have shorter time to pregnancy than those who slept 7-9 hours per night (adjusted fecundability odds ratio = 1.16, 95% confidence interval: 0.94, 1.41). Participants with a sleep midpoint of 4 AM or later tended to have longer time to pregnancy compared with those with earlier sleep midpoints (before 4 AM) (adjusted fecundability odds ratio = 0.88, 95% confidence interval: 0.74, 1.04). When stratified by sleep midpoint, sleeping<7 hours was significantly associated with shorter time to pregnancy only among those whose sleep midpoint was before 4 AM (adjusted fecundability odds ratio = 1.33, 95% confidence interval: 1.07, 1.67). CONCLUSIONS The association of sleep duration with time to pregnancy was modified by chronotype, suggesting that both biological and behavioral aspects of sleep may influence fecundability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Charifson
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA.
| | - Akhgar Ghassabian
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA; Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA; Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Eunsil Seok
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Mrudula Naidu
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA; Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Shilpi S Mehta-Lee
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York University Langone Health, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Sara G Brubaker
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York University Langone Health, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Yelena Afanasyeva
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA; Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA; Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Mengling Liu
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA; Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Leonardo Trasande
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA; Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA; Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Linda G Kahn
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA; Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
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10
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Wang H, Wang S, Yu W, Lei X. Consistency of chronotype measurements is affected by sleep quality, gender, longitude, and latitude. Chronobiol Int 2023; 40:952-960. [PMID: 37491913 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2023.2237118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Chronotype has received increasing research attention. However, there remains some confusion about the influence of gender, age, sleep quality, insomnia severity, longitude, and latitude on the consistency of the chronotype measured by the different tools. Chronotype measurement indicators were collected from 421 participants. The midpoint of sleep for actigraphy (MSF_A), sleep diary (MSF_D), and Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQ) (MSFsc) on free days and the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (rMEQ) scores were used to measure the chronotype. In addition, demographic information, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) were also collected. A significant correlation was identified between the questionnaires (MSF_D, MSFsc, rMEQ) and actigraphy (MSF_A) as measures of chronotype. MSF_A was associated with sleep latency and sleep disturbance in the PSQI subdimensions. The correlation between MS_D and sleep disturbance was significant. Both rMEQ and MSFsc were significantly correlated with PSQI (total scores and daytime dysfunction) and ISI. The consistency of all chronotype measurements for the questionnaires and actigraphy was influenced by gender. Among them, MSF_D is also affected by age, while only the latitude and sleep disturbance effect was found in the MSFsc. The influence of age, gender, sleep quality, and latitude should be emphasized when measuring the chronotype using self-reported methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haien Wang
- Sleep and NeuroImaging Center, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Southwest University), Chongqing, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Sleep and NeuroImaging Center, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Southwest University), Chongqing, China
| | - Wenqing Yu
- Sleep and NeuroImaging Center, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Southwest University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xu Lei
- Sleep and NeuroImaging Center, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Southwest University), Chongqing, China
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11
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Rodríguez Ferrante G, Goldin AP, Sigman M, Leone MJ. A better alignment between chronotype and school timing is associated with lower grade retention in adolescents. NPJ SCIENCE OF LEARNING 2023; 8:21. [PMID: 37344483 DOI: 10.1038/s41539-023-00171-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Schools start early in the morning all over the world, contrasting with adolescents' late chronotype. Interestingly, lower academic performance (i.e. grades or qualifications) was associated with later chronotypes. However, it is unclear whether it is a direct effect of chronotype or because students attend school too early to perform at their best. Moreover, little is known about how this affects students' academic success beyond their grades. To address this gap in knowledge, we studied how school timing and chronotype affect grade retention (i.e. repeat a year) in a unique sample of students randomly assigned to one of three different school timings (starting at 07:45, 12:40, or 17:20). Even when controlling for academic performance, we found that later chronotypes exhibit higher odds of grade retention only in the morning, but not in later school timings. Altogether, ensuring a better alignment between school timing and students' biological rhythms might enhance future opportunities of adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe Rodríguez Ferrante
- Universidad Torcuato Di Tella, CONICET, Laboratorio de Neurociencia, C1428BIJ, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, CONICET, Laboratorio de Cronobiología, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, B1876BXD, Bernal, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Andrea P Goldin
- Universidad Torcuato Di Tella, CONICET, Laboratorio de Neurociencia, C1428BIJ, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariano Sigman
- Universidad Torcuato Di Tella, CONICET, Laboratorio de Neurociencia, C1428BIJ, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Lenguas y Educación, Universidad Nebrija, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Juliana Leone
- Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, CONICET, Laboratorio de Cronobiología, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, B1876BXD, Bernal, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad Torcuato Di Tella, CONICET, Área de Educación, Escuela de Gobierno, C1428BIJ, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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12
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Wong TR, Hickie IB, Carpenter JS, Scott EM, Guastella AJ, Vidafar P, Scott J, Hermens DF, Crouse JJ. Dynamic modelling of chronotype and hypo/manic and depressive symptoms in young people with emerging mental disorders. Chronobiol Int 2023; 40:699-709. [PMID: 37132360 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2023.2203241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
There is significant interest in the possible influence of chronotype on clinical states in young people with emerging mental disorders. We apply a dynamic approach (bivariate latent change score modelling) to examine the possible prospective influence of chronotype on depressive and hypo/manic symptoms in a youth cohort with predominantly depressive, bipolar, and psychotic disorders (N = 118; 14-30-years), who completed a baseline and follow-up assessment of these constructs (mean interval = 1.8-years). Our primary hypotheses were that greater baseline eveningness would predict increases in depressive but not hypo/manic symptoms. We found moderate to strong autoregressive effects for chronotype (β = -0.447 to -0.448, p < 0.001), depressive (β = -0.650, p < 0.001) and hypo/manic symptoms (β = -0.819, p < 0.001). Against our predictions, baseline chronotypes did not predict change in depressive (β = -0.016, p = 0.810) or hypo/manic symptoms (β = 0.077, p = 0.104). Similarly, the change in chronotype did not correlate with the change in depressive symptoms (β = -0.096, p = 0.295) nor did the change in chronotype and the change in hypo/manic symptoms (β = -0.166, p = 0.070). These data suggest that chronotypes may have low utility for predicting future hypo/manic and depressive symptoms in the short term, or that more frequent assessments over longer periods are needed to observe these associations. Future studies should test whether other circadian phenotypes (e.g. sleep-wake variability) are better indicators of illness course.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ian B Hickie
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | - Jan Scott
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Australia
- Academic Psychiatry, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, UK
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Daniel F Hermens
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia
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13
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Wang S, Wang H, Deng X, Lei X. Validation of the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQ) in Chinese college freshmen based on questionnaires and actigraphy. Chronobiol Int 2023:1-12. [PMID: 37080772 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2023.2202246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
The Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQ) was developed to determine an individual's chronotype, and it provides information about sleep and wake times separately for work and free days. However, the MCTQ has not been effectively verified using a large sample based on multiple questionnaires and actigraphy measures. Three sequential studies were conducted. Study 1 used a large sample (n = 1066) to investigate the chronotype of Chinese college freshmen and assess the validity of the MCTQ compared with the reduced Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (rMEQ), actigraphy, and other related questionnaires. Study 2 verified the MCTQ compared with a sleep diary. Study 3 examined the test-retest reliability of the MCTQ at the 2-year follow-up. The results showed that MCTQ parameters were significantly associated with rMEQ scores, the actigraphy-based mid-point of sleep, sleep quality, depression, and trait anxiety. In addition, all MCTQ variables were significantly related to the diary-based sleep mid-point. The test-retest reliability of the mid-point of sleep adjusted for sleep debt (MSFsc) and mid-point of sleep on free days (MSF) was acceptable. These results indicate that the MCTQ is a practical and efficient tool with good reliability. Its further development is important for the accurate assessment of chronotypes and clinical diagnoses of sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- Sleep and NeuroImaging Center, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Haien Wang
- Sleep and NeuroImaging Center, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinyi Deng
- Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Xu Lei
- Sleep and NeuroImaging Center, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
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14
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Hicks H, Meyer K, Watts A. Differential effects of chronotype on physical activity and cognitive performance in older adults. FRONTIERS IN EPIDEMIOLOGY 2023; 3:1029221. [PMID: 38455930 PMCID: PMC10910946 DOI: 10.3389/fepid.2023.1029221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Chronotypes reflect individuals' preferred activity and sleep patterns (e.g., "morning-types" vs. "evening-types") and are associated with health and physical activity. Less is known about the relationship between chronotype and cognitive health in older adults. It is unclear whether chronotype's influence is driven by sleep timing or disruption. This study explored the relationship between chronotype, physical activity, and cognitive performance in older adults with and without self-reported sleep disorders. Methods Participants were 153 older adults (M = 70.35, SD = 5.89) who wore an Actigraph on the non-dominant wrist for seven days to measure total physical activity, peak physical activity, and chronotype (sleep interval midpoint). We categorized participants as morning-, evening-, and intermediate-chronotypes and assessed cognitive performance in domains of attention, executive function, and verbal memory. Results MANCOVAs showed patterns of activity across the 24-hour day differed between chronotypes such that morning-types were active earlier and evening-types active later, ps > .001. Total physical activity and average peak activity did not differ between chronotypes, (ps ≥ .117). Timing of peak activity followed expectations (morning-types peaked earliest (p = .019). Evening-types exhibited significantly worse executive function and attention than intermediate-types, p = .008. When excluding participants with sleep disorders, evening-types engaged in significantly less total physical activity than other groups, but cognitive performance did not differ. Discussion We found no differences in total or peak physical activity between groups, which is inconsistent with findings from studies in younger samples. This suggests the role of chronotype on physical activity may change with age and points to the potential impact of methodological discrepancies. While evening-types exhibited worse executive function and attention performance, this finding disappeared when participants with sleep disorders were excluded. Sleep dysregulation rather than sleep timing may be driving this difference. Recent trends in physical activity research explore activity patterns across the 24-hour day and acknowledge codependence between different activity types. Our findings suggest chronotype and activity timing may be important as researchers advance this line of research in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary Hicks
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Kayla Meyer
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Fairway, KS, United States
| | - Amber Watts
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Fairway, KS, United States
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15
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Ansu Baidoo V, Knutson KL. Associations between circadian disruption and cardiometabolic disease risk: A review. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2023; 31:615-624. [PMID: 36750239 PMCID: PMC9974590 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The human circadian system plays a vital role in many physiological processes, and circadian rhythms are found in virtually all tissues and organs. The disruption of circadian rhythms may lead to adverse health outcomes. Evidence from recent population-based studies was reviewed because they represent real-world behavior and can be useful in developing future studies to reduce the risk of adverse health conditions, including cardiovascular diseases, obesity, and diabetes mellitus, which may occur because of circadian disruption. An electronic search in PubMed and Web of Science (2012-2022) was performed. Selected articles were based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Five factors that may disrupt circadian rhythm alignment are discussed: shift work, late chronotype, late sleep timing, sleep irregularity, and late meal timing. Evidence from observational studies of these circadian disruptors suggests potential detrimental effects on cardiometabolic health, including higher BMI/obesity, higher blood pressure, greater dyslipidemia, greater inflammation, and diabetes. Future research should identify the specific underlying pathways in order to mitigate the health consequences of shift work. Furthermore, optimal sleep and mealtimes for metabolic health can be explored in intervention studies. Lastly, it is important that the timing of external environmental cues (such as light) and behaviors that influence circadian rhythms are managed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Velarie Ansu Baidoo
- Center for Circadian and Sleep Medicine, Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kristen L Knutson
- Center for Circadian and Sleep Medicine, Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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16
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Chauhan S, Norbury R, Faßbender KC, Ettinger U, Kumari V. Beyond sleep: A multidimensional model of chronotype. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 148:105114. [PMID: 36868368 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Chronotype can be defined as an expression or proxy for circadian rhythms of varied mechanisms, for example in body temperature, cortisol secretion, cognitive functions, eating and sleeping patterns. It is influenced by a range of internal (e.g., genetics) and external factors (e.g., light exposure), and has implications for health and well-being. Here, we present a critical review and synthesis of existing models of chronotype. Our observations reveal that most existing models and, as a consequence, associated measures of chronotype have focused solely or primarily on the sleep dimension, and typically have not incorporated social and environmental influences on chronotype. We propose a multidimensional model of chronotype, integrating individual (biological and psychological), environmental and social factors that appear to interact to determine an individual's true chronotype with potential feedback loops between these factors. This model could be beneficial not only from a basic science perspective but also in the context of understanding health and clinical implications of certain chronotypes as well as designing preventive and therapeutic approaches for related illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyam Chauhan
- Department of Psychology, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Ray Norbury
- Department of Psychology, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Veena Kumari
- Department of Psychology, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, United Kingdom.
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Xiao Y, Brown TT, Snowden LR, Chow JCC, Mann JJ. COVID-19 Policies, Pandemic Disruptions, and Changes in Child Mental Health and Sleep in the United States. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e232716. [PMID: 36912834 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.2716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The adverse effects of COVID-19 containment policies disrupting child mental health and sleep have been debated. However, few current estimates correct biases of these potential effects. OBJECTIVES To determine whether financial and school disruptions related to COVID-19 containment policies and unemployment rates were separately associated with perceived stress, sadness, positive affect, COVID-19-related worry, and sleep. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cohort study was based on the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study COVID-19 Rapid Response Release and used data collected 5 times between May and December 2020. Indexes of state-level COVID-19 policies (restrictive, supportive) and county-level unemployment rates were used to plausibly address confounding biases through 2-stage limited information maximum likelihood instrumental variables analyses. Data from 6030 US children aged 10 to 13 years were included. Data analysis was conducted from May 2021 to January 2023. EXPOSURES Policy-induced financial disruptions (lost wages or work due to COVID-19 economic impact); policy-induced school disruptions (switches to online or partial in-person schooling). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Perceived stress scale, National Institutes of Health (NIH)-Toolbox sadness, NIH-Toolbox positive affect, COVID-19-related worry, and sleep (latency, inertia, duration). RESULTS In this study, 6030 children were included in the mental health sample (weighted median [IQR] age, 13 [12-13] years; 2947 [48.9%] females, 273 [4.5%] Asian children, 461 [7.6%] Black children, 1167 [19.4%] Hispanic children, 3783 [62.7%] White children, 347 [5.7%] children of other or multiracial ethnicity). After imputing missing data, experiencing financial disruption was associated with a 205.2% [95% CI, 52.9%-509.0%] increase in stress, a 112.1% [95% CI, 22.2%-268.1%] increase in sadness, 32.9% [95% CI, 3.5%-53.4%] decrease in positive affect, and a 73.9 [95% CI, 13.2-134.7] percentage-point increase in moderate-to-extreme COVID-19-related worry. There was no association between school disruption and mental health. Neither school disruption nor financial disruption were associated with sleep. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE To our knowledge, this study presents the first bias-corrected estimates linking COVID-19 policy-related financial disruptions with child mental health outcomes. School disruptions did not affect indices of children's mental health. These findings suggest public policy should consider the economic impact on families due to pandemic containment measures, in part to protect child mental health until vaccines and antiviral drugs become available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyu Xiao
- Weill Cornell Medicine, NewYork Presbyterian, Department of Population Health Sciences, New York
| | | | | | | | - J John Mann
- Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York
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18
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Winpenny EM, Rowthorn H, Hollidge S, Westgate K, Goodyer IM, Brage S, van Sluijs EMF. Shorter sleep among adolescents is associated with lower fruit and vegetable consumption the following day. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2023; 20:12. [PMID: 36750845 PMCID: PMC9906927 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-023-01420-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insufficient sleep has been associated with weight gain and metabolic dysregulation, with one suggested mechanism being through reduction in diet quality. Experimental evidence supports a causal effect of sleep timings on diet but this may not be applicable to a free-living adolescent population. In this analysis we use daily measures of sleep timings and diet quality, to examine the effect of sleep duration and timing on diet quality the following day among free-living adolescents. METHODS The ROOTS study is a prospective cohort recruited from secondary schools in Cambridgeshire and Suffolk (UK). Participants (n = 815) at mean age 15.0y (SD 0.3y) completed a diet diary and wore a combined heart rate and accelerometer device over 4 consecutive days. Sleep duration and timing (midpoint) were derived from acceleration and heart rate traces, while daily energy density and fruit and vegetable intake were calculated from dietary data. Analyses were performed at day-level (1815 person-days). Multilevel random effects models were used to test associations between sleep each night and subsequent day diet, with daily sleep and diet measures nested within individuals and schools, and adjusted for day-level and individual-level confounding variables. RESULTS Adolescents slept a mean of 7.88 hrs (SD 1.10) per night, reporting a mean energy density of 2.12 kcal/g (SD 0.48) and median energy-adjusted daily fruit and vegetable intake of 137.3 g (IQR 130.4). One hour shorter sleep duration was associated with lower intake of fruit and vegetables (-6.42 g, 95%CI -1.84, -10.99) the following day. An association with higher dietary energy density (0.016 kcal/g, 95%CI 0.034, -0.002) the following day was observed but did not reach statistical significance. Sleep timing was not associated with either fruit and vegetable intake (-2.52 g/d, 95%CI -7.66, 2.62) or dietary energy density (-0.001 kcal/g, 95%CI -0.022, 0.020). CONCLUSIONS Our observational findings from a free-living adolescent population support the experimental evidence for a causal role of sleep on diet, with shorter sleep duration at night leading to a small decrease in diet quality the following day. These findings support experimental evidence to suggest inclusion of sleep duration as one component of interventions designed to improve diet quality and weight status in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor M. Winpenny
- grid.5335.00000000121885934MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Harriet Rowthorn
- grid.5335.00000000121885934MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stefanie Hollidge
- grid.5335.00000000121885934MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kate Westgate
- grid.5335.00000000121885934MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ian M. Goodyer
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Developmental Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Soren Brage
- grid.5335.00000000121885934MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Dokuka S, Mikhaylova O, Krekhovets E. Association between sleep patterns, somatization, and depressive symptoms among Russian university students. Chronobiol Int 2022; 40:215-221. [PMID: 36524365 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2022.2157736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In adolescents and young adults, physical and mental health are known to be associated with sleep. In this paper, we consider the connection between health indicators and sleep patterns. We collected and analyzed data of 267 master's and bachelor's degree students from 21 educational programs at one elite Russian university. Somatic health and mental health were measured using, respectively, the 8-item and the 15-item Patient Health Questionnaire, and sleep patterns were identified using the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire. The results indicated that shorter sleep time, later bedtime, and later rising time on workdays were associated with student somatic health. Shorter sleep on workdays was positively associated with the severity of depressive symptoms. Our findings highlight the importance of healthy sleep behavior for student health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Dokuka
- Institute of Education, HSE University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Oxana Mikhaylova
- Centre for Modern Childhood Research, Institute of Education, HSE University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Krekhovets
- Department of Economic Theory and Econometrics, Faculty of Economics, HSE Campus in Nizhny Novgorod, HSE University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
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20
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Difrancesco S, Penninx BWJ, Riese H, Giltay EJ, Lamers F. The role of depressive symptoms and symptom dimensions in actigraphy-assessed sleep, circadian rhythm, and physical activity. Psychol Med 2022; 52:2760-2766. [PMID: 33431104 PMCID: PMC9647516 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291720004870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Considering the heterogeneity of depression, distinct depressive symptom dimensions may be differentially associated with more objective actigraphy-based estimates of physical activity (PA), sleep and circadian rhythm (CR). We examined the association between PA, sleep, and CR assessed with actigraphy and symptom dimensions (i.e. mood/cognition, somatic/vegetative, sleep). METHODS Fourteen-day actigraphy data of 359 participants were obtained from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety. PA, sleep, and CR estimates included gross motor activity (GMA), sleep duration (SD), sleep efficiency (SE), relative amplitude between daytime and night-time activity (RA) and sleep midpoint. The 30-item Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology was used to assess depressive symptoms, which were categorised in three depression dimensions: mood/cognition, somatic/vegetative, and sleep. RESULTS GMA and RA were negatively associated with higher score on all three symptom dimensions: mood/cognition (GMA: β = -0.155, p < 0.001; RA: β = -0.116, p = 0.002), somatic/vegetative (GMA: β = -0.165, p < 0.001; RA: β = -0.133, p < 0.001), sleep (GMA: β = -0.169, p < 0.001; RA: β = -0.190, p < 0.001). The association with sleep was more pronounced for two depression dimensions: longer SD was linked to somatic/vegetative (β = 0.115, p = 0.015) dimension and lower SE was linked to sleep (β = -0.101, p = 0.011) dimension. CONCLUSION As three symptom dimensions were associated with actigraphy-based low PA and dampened CR, these seem to be general indicators of depression. Sleep disturbances appeared more linked to the somatic/vegetative and sleep dimensions; the effectiveness of sleep interventions in patients reporting somatic/vegetative symptoms may be explored, as well as the potential of actigraphy to monitor treatment response to such interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Difrancesco
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Brenda W. J.H. Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Harriëtte Riese
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Interdisciplinary Center for Psychopathology and Emotion regulation, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Erik J. Giltay
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Femke Lamers
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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21
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Hatoum AS, Winiger EA, Morrison CL, Johnson EC, Agrawal A. Characterisation of the genetic relationship between the domains of sleep and circadian-related behaviours with substance use phenotypes. Addict Biol 2022; 27:e13184. [PMID: 35754104 PMCID: PMC10038127 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sleep problems and substance use frequently co-occur. While substance use can result in specific sleep deficits, genetic pleiotropy could explain part of the relationship between sleep and substance use and use disorders. Here we use the largest publicly available genome-wide summary statistics of substance use behaviours (N = 79,729-632,802) and sleep/activity phenotypes to date (N = 85,502-449,734) to (1) assess the genetic overlap between substance use behaviours and both sleep and circadian-related activity measures, (2) estimate clusters from genetic correlations and (3) test processes of causality versus genetic pleiotropy. We found 31 genetic correlations between substance use and sleep/activity after Bonferroni correction. These patterns of overlap were represented by two genetic clusters: (1) tobacco use severity (age of first regular tobacco use and smoking cessation) and sleep health (sleep duration, sleep efficiency and chronotype) and (2) substance consumption/problematic use (drinks per day and cigarettes per day, cannabis use disorder, opioid use disorder and problematic alcohol use) and sleep problems (insomnia, self-reported short sleep duration, increased number of sleep episodes, increased sleep duration variability and diurnal inactivity) and measures of circadian-related activity (L5, M10 and sleep midpoint). Latent causal variable analyses determined that horizontal pleiotropy (rather than genetic causality) underlies a majority of the associations between substance use and sleep/circadian related measures, except one plausible genetically causal relationship for opioid use disorder on self-reported long sleep duration. Results show that shared genetics are likely a mechanism that is at least partly responsible for the overlap between sleep and substance use traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S. Hatoum
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Saint Louis, USA
| | - Evan A. Winiger
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, USA
| | - Claire L. Morrison
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Emma C. Johnson
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Saint Louis, USA
| | - Arpana Agrawal
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Saint Louis, USA
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22
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Rodríguez Ferrante G, Goldin AP, Sigman M, Leone MJ. Chronotype at the beginning of secondary school and school timing are both associated with chronotype development during adolescence. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8207. [PMID: 35581310 PMCID: PMC9114414 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11928-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The misalignment between late chronotypes and early school start times affect health, performance and psychological well-being of adolescents. Here we test whether, and how, the baseline chronotype (i.e. chronotype at the beginning of secondary school) and the school timing affect the magnitude and the direction of the developmental change in chronotype during adolescence. We evaluated a sample of Argentinian students (n = 259) who were randomly assigned to attend school in the morning (07:45 a.m.–12:05 p.m.), afternoon (12:40 p.m.–05:00 p.m.) or evening (05:20 p.m.–09:40 p.m.) school timings. Importantly, chronotype and sleep habits were assessed longitudinally in the same group of students along secondary school (at 13–14 y.o. and 17–18 y.o.). Our results show that: (1) although chronotypes partially align with class time, this effect is insufficient to fully account for the differences observed in sleep-related variables between school timings; (2) both school timing and baseline chronotype are independently associated with the direction and the magnitude of change in chronotype, with greater delays related to earlier baseline chronotypes and later school timings. The practical implications of these results are challenging and should be considered in the design of future educational timing policies to improve adolescents’ well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe Rodríguez Ferrante
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia, Universidad Torcuato Di Tella, CONICET, Av. Figueroa Alcorta, C1428BCW, CABA, C1428BIJ7350, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Laboratorio de Cronobiología, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, CONICET, Roque S. Peña 352, B1876BXD Bernal, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrea Paula Goldin
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia, Universidad Torcuato Di Tella, CONICET, Av. Figueroa Alcorta, C1428BCW, CABA, C1428BIJ7350, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariano Sigman
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia, Universidad Torcuato Di Tella, CONICET, Av. Figueroa Alcorta, C1428BCW, CABA, C1428BIJ7350, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Facultad de Lenguas y Educación, Universidad Nebrija, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Juliana Leone
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia, Universidad Torcuato Di Tella, CONICET, Av. Figueroa Alcorta, C1428BCW, CABA, C1428BIJ7350, Buenos Aires, Argentina. .,Laboratorio de Cronobiología, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, CONICET, Roque S. Peña 352, B1876BXD Bernal, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Lee SY, Jang SJ. High School Students' Social Jetlag, Lifelong Competency, and Academic Stress During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Sch Nurs 2022; 39:181-188. [PMID: 35466764 PMCID: PMC9039591 DOI: 10.1177/10598405221094847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
With the prolongation of non-ordinary situations such as school closures due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, high school students have experienced irregular sleep-wake cycles and elevated academic stress resulting from reduced academic achievement and widened gaps in academic performance. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the associations among chronotype, social jetlag, lifelong learning competency, and academic stress in high school students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were collected through an online survey from May-June 2021. The mean social jetlag was found to be 2 h and 9 min, and multiple regression analysis revealed that social jetlag and lifelong competency affected academic stress. Thus, measures to minimize social jetlag and improve lifelong learning competencies should be implemented to reduce academic stress among high school students. School nurses should identify students with severe social jetlag and provide guidance and interventions to promote sleep hygiene and regular lifestyles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Yeon Lee
- Red Cross College of Nursing, Department of Nursing, Graduate School, ChungAng University, Seoul, Republic of Korea - 06974
| | - Sun Joo Jang
- Red Cross College of Nursing, ChungAng University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea - 06974,Sun Joo Jang, PhD, Red Cross College of Nursing, ChungAng University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea – 06974.
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24
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Bipolar disorder (BD) is linked to circadian rhythm disruptions resulting in aberrant motor activity patterns. We aimed to explore whether motor activity alone, as assessed by longitudinal actigraphy, can be used to classify accurately BD patients and healthy controls (HCs) into their respective groups. METHODS Ninety-day actigraphy records from 25 interepisode BD patients (ie, Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) < 15) and 25 sex- and age-matched HCs were used in order to identify latent actigraphic biomarkers capable of discriminating between BD patients and HCs. Mean values and time variations of a set of standard actigraphy features were analyzed and further validated using the random forest classifier. RESULTS Using all actigraphy features, this method correctly assigned 88% (sensitivity = 85%, specificity = 91%) of BD patients and HCs to their respective group. The classification success may be confounded by differences in employment between BD patients and HCs. When motor activity features resistant to the employment status were used (the strongest feature being time variation of intradaily variability, Cohen's d = 1.33), 79% of the subjects (sensitivity = 76%, specificity = 81%) were correctly classified. CONCLUSION A machine-learning actigraphy-based model was capable of distinguishing between interepisode BD patients and HCs solely on the basis of motor activity. The classification remained valid even when features influenced by employment status were omitted. The findings suggest that temporal variability of actigraphic parameters may provide discriminative power for differentiating between BD patients and HCs while being less affected by employment status.
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25
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Parker MN, LeMay-Russell S, Schvey NA, Crosby RD, Ramirez E, Kelly NR, Shank LM, Byrne ME, Engel SG, Swanson TN, Djan KG, Kwarteng EA, Faulkner LM, Zenno A, Brady SM, Yanovski SZ, Tanofsky-Kraff M, Yanovski JA. Associations of sleep with food cravings and loss-of-control eating in youth: An ecological momentary assessment study. Pediatr Obes 2022; 17:e12851. [PMID: 34498417 PMCID: PMC8766870 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inconsistent sleep patterns may promote excess weight gain by increasing food cravings and loss-of-control (LOC)-eating; however, these relationships have not been elucidated in youth. OBJECTIVE We tested whether sleep duration and timing were associated with food cravings and LOC-eating. METHOD For 14 days, youths wore actigraphy monitors to assess sleep and reported severity of food cravings and LOC-eating using ecological momentary assessment. Generalized linear mixed models tested the associations between weekly and nightly shifts in facets of sleep (i.e., duration, onset, midpoint, and waketime) and next-day food cravings and LOC-eating. Models were re-run adjusting for relevant covariates (e.g., age, sex, adiposity). RESULTS Among 48 youths (12.88 ± 2.69 years, 68.8% female, 33.3% with overweight/obesity), neither weekly nor nightly facets of sleep were significantly associated with food cravings (ps = 0.08-0.93). Youths with shorter weekly sleep duration (est. ß = -0.31, p = 0.004), earlier weekly midpoints (est. ß = -0.47, p = 0.010) and later weekly waketimes (est. ß = 0.49, p = 0.010) reported greater LOC-eating severity; findings persisted in adjusted models. CONCLUSIONS In youth, weekly, but not nightly, shifts in multiple facets of sleep were associated with LOC-eating severity; associations were not significant for food cravings. Sleep should be assessed as a potentially modifiable target in paediatric LOC-eating and obesity prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan N. Parker
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU), Bethesda, MD, USA
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sarah LeMay-Russell
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU), Bethesda, MD, USA
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Natasha A. Schvey
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU), Bethesda, MD, USA
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ross D. Crosby
- Sanford Center for Biobehavioral Research, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Eliana Ramirez
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nichole R. Kelly
- Department of Counseling Psychology and Human Services, College of Education, Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | - Lisa M. Shank
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU), Bethesda, MD, USA
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Medicine, Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (MiCOR) Program, USU, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Metis Foundation, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Meghan E. Byrne
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU), Bethesda, MD, USA
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Scott G. Engel
- Sanford Center for Biobehavioral Research, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
| | - Taylor N. Swanson
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
- Metis Foundation, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Kweku G. Djan
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Esther A. Kwarteng
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Loie M. Faulkner
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anna Zenno
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sheila M. Brady
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Susan Z. Yanovski
- Office of Obesity Research, Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marian Tanofsky-Kraff
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU), Bethesda, MD, USA
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Medicine, Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (MiCOR) Program, USU, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jack A. Yanovski
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
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26
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Fernando J, Stochl J, Ersche KD. Drug Use in Night Owls May Increase the Risk for Mental Health Problems. Front Neurosci 2022; 15:819566. [PMID: 35087376 PMCID: PMC8787192 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.819566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Drugs of abuse are widely known to worsen mental health problems, but this relationship may not be a simple causational one. Whether or not a person is susceptible to the negative effects of drugs of abuse may not only be determined by their addictive properties, but also the users’ chronotype, which determines their daily activity patterns. The present study investigates the relationship between chronotype, drug use and mental health problems in a cross-sectional community sample. Participants (n = 209) completed a selection of questionnaires online, including the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire, the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test, the Cannabis Use Disorder Identification Test and the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence. We conducted multiple regression models to determine relationships between participants’ chronotype and their reported mental health symptoms and then estimated mediation models to investigate the extent to which their drug consumption accounted for the identified associations. Chronotype was significantly associated with participants’ overall mental health (β = 0.16, p = 0.022) and their anxiety levels (β = 0.18, p = 0.009) but not with levels of depression or stress. However, both relationships were fully mediated by participants’ overall drug consumption. Thus, late chronotypes, so-called “night owls”, not only use more drugs but consequently have an increased risk for developing anxiety and deteriorating mental health status. This group may be particularly vulnerable to the negative psychological effects of drugs. Our results point toward the importance of considering chronotype in designing preventative and therapeutic innovations, specifically for anxiety, which at present has been largely neglected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeevan Fernando
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jan Stochl
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Kinanthropology and Humanities, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Karen D. Ersche
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Karen D. Ersche,
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27
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Schneider J, Fárková E, Bakštein E. Human chronotype: Comparison of questionnaires and wrist-worn actigraphy. Chronobiol Int 2021; 39:205-220. [PMID: 34806526 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2021.1992418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we investigated the accuracy of chronotype estimation from actigraphy while evaluating the required recording length and stability over time. Chronotypes have an important role in chronobiological and sleep research. In outpatient studies, chronotypes are typically evaluated by questionnaires. Alternatively, actigraphy provides potential means for measuring chronotype characteristics objectively, which opens many applications in chronobiology research. However, studies providing objective, critical evaluation of agreement between questionnaire-based and actigraphy-based chronotypes are lacking. We recorded 3-months of actigraphy and collected Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ), and Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQ) results from 122 women. Regression models were applied to evaluate the questionnaire-based chronotypes scores using selected actigraphy features. Changes in predictive strength were evaluated based on actigraphy recordings of different duration. The actigraphy was significantly associated with the questionnaire-based chronotype, and the best single-feature-based models explained 37% of the variability (R2) for MEQ (p < .001), 47% for mid-sleep time MCTQ-MSFsc (p < .001), and 19% for social jetlag MCTQ-SJLrel (p < .001). Concerning stability in time, the Mid-sleep and Acrophase features showed high levels of stability (test-retest R ~ 0.8), and actigraphy-based MSFscacti and SJLrelacti showed high temporal variability (test-retest R ~ 0.45). Concerning required recording length, features estimated from recordings with 3-week and longer observation periods had sufficient predictive power on unseen data. Additionally, our data showed that the subjectively reported extremes of the MEQ, MCTQ-MSFsc, and MCTQ-SJLrel are commonly overestimated compared to objective activity peak and middle of sleep differences measured by actigraphy. Such difference may be associated with chronotype time-variation. As actigraphy is considered accurate in sleep-wake cycle detection, we conclude that actigraphy-based chronotyping is appropriate for large-scale studies, especially where higher temporal variability in chronotype is expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Schneider
- Applied Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.,Sleep Medicine and Chronobiology, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Fárková
- Applied Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Eduard Bakštein
- Applied Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.,Sleep Medicine and Chronobiology, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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28
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Karan M, Rahal D, Almeida DM, Bower JE, Irwin MR, McCreath H, Seeman T, Fuligni AJ. School commute time, chronotype, and altered HPA axis functioning during adolescence. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 133:105371. [PMID: 34399150 PMCID: PMC8930079 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Hypothalamic pituitary adrenal gland (HPA) axis functioning has been linked with daily demands during adolescence. A ubiquitous, yet understudied daily demand in the lives of youth is the commute to school, which may be associated with the diurnal rhythm of cortisol as demonstrated in prior research among adults. The current study hypothesized that longer school commute times would be associated with altered HPA axis functioning as demonstrated by a heightened cortisol awakening response (CAR) and flatter diurnal slope. Additionally, given that the HPA axis follows a diurnal rhythm and adolescence is marked by changes in the circadian rhythm, adolescents with a more evening chronotype were hypothesized to evince even more altered HPA axis functioning in the face of long school commute times. A total of 269 adolescents (M = 16.38 years, SD = 0.74) provided saliva samples at wake, 15-min. post-wake, and 30-min. post-wake for the calculation of CAR and at dinnertime and bedtime for the calculation of diurnal slope, completed up to 8 nights of sleep actigraphy, and self-reported school commute time. Results suggest that more evening chronotype youth with longer school commute times evince a higher CAR, but not an altered diurnal slope. The present findings may have implications for adolescent mental health as higher CAR has been associated poor mental health and heightened stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maira Karan
- University of California, Los Angeles, 760 Westwood Plaza, Box 62, Los Angeles, CA 90024-1759, USA.
| | - Danny Rahal
- University of California, Los Angeles, 760 Westwood Plaza, Box 62, Los Angeles, CA 90024-1759, USA.
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29
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Iwasaki M, Usui M, Ariyoshi W, Nakashima K, Nagai-Yoshioka Y, Inoue M, Kobayashi K, Nishihara T. Sleep duration and severe periodontitis in middle-aged Japanese workers. J Clin Periodontol 2021; 49:59-66. [PMID: 34605052 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the association between sleep duration and severe periodontitis in Japanese workers. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study included 1130 workers (mean age 43.0 years) who underwent full-mouth periodontal examinations and health check-ups and completed a self-administered questionnaire that included questions on sleep duration. Logistic regression and a restricted cubic spline model were used to analyse the data. RESULTS Severe periodontitis was identified in 6.3% of the study population. Those with <5, 5-5.9, 6-6.9, 7-7.9, and ≥8 hr of sleep were 6.7%, 17.4%, 40.3%, 26.3%, and 8.9%, respectively. After adjusting for potential confounders, study participants who slept <5 hr were more likely to have severe periodontitis (adjusted odds ratio = 2.64; 95% confidence interval = 1.06-6.60) than those who slept 7-7.9 hr. The spline model, with a reference value of 399 min (the median sleep duration), showed a non-linear association between sleep duration and severe periodontitis, where an increased prevalence of severe periodontitis was observed only among those with a shorter sleep duration. The prevalence of severe periodontitis did not increase with longer sleep duration. CONCLUSIONS Short sleep duration was associated with severe periodontitis in this cohort of Japanese adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michihiko Usui
- Division of Periodontology, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Wataru Ariyoshi
- Division of Infections and Molecular Biology, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Keisuke Nakashima
- Division of Periodontology, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Yoshie Nagai-Yoshioka
- Division of Infections and Molecular Biology, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Maki Inoue
- Dental Center for Regional Medical Survey, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Kaoru Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Dentistry, MSc Program, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Tatsuji Nishihara
- Dental Center for Regional Medical Survey, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan
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30
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Jenkins CA, Thompson KN, Chanen AM, Hartmann JA, Nicol K, Nicholas CL. Subjective and objective sleep in young people with borderline personality disorder features. J Sleep Res 2021; 31:e13463. [PMID: 34409668 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Characterising sleep in young people (aged 15-25 years) with borderline personality disorder (BPD) features is crucial given the association between BPD features and sleep disturbance, negative consequences of poor sleep, and normative developmental sleep changes that occur in this age group. The present study aimed to characterise the sleep profile of young people with BPD to determine whether this profile is non-normative and specific to BPD. Participants were 96 young people (40 with BPD features, 38 healthy individuals, and 18 young people seeking help for mental health difficulties without BPD). Sleep was measured subjectively (self-report questionnaires) and objectively (10 days of actigraphy). Young people with BPD features reported poorer subjective sleep quality, greater insomnia symptoms and later chronotype than same-age healthy and clinical comparison groups. Young people with BPD features also displayed irregular sleep timing, later rise times, greater time in bed and longer sleep durations than healthy young people. Those with BPD features had superior sleep quality (greater sleep efficiency, less wake after sleep onset) and longer sleep durations than the clinical comparison group. Sleep profiles were similar across young people with BPD features with and without co-occurring depression. Overall, the findings revealed a subjective-objective sleep discrepancy and suggest that sleep-improvement interventions might be beneficial to improve subjective sleep in young people with BPD features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire A Jenkins
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Orygen, Parkville, Victoria., Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katherine N Thompson
- Orygen, Parkville, Victoria., Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew M Chanen
- Orygen, Parkville, Victoria., Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jessica A Hartmann
- Orygen, Parkville, Victoria., Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katie Nicol
- Orygen, Parkville, Victoria., Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christian L Nicholas
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
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31
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Brooks C, Shaafi Kabiri N, Bhangu J, Cai X, Pickering E, Erb MK, Auerbach S, Bonato P, Moore TL, Mortazavi F, Thomas K. The impact of chronotype on circadian rest-activity rhythm and sleep characteristics across the week. Chronobiol Int 2021; 38:1575-1590. [PMID: 34134581 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2021.1937197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are maintained by a complex "system of systems" that continuously coordinates biological processes with each other and the environment. Although humans predominantly entrain to solar time, individual persons vary in their precise behavioral timing due to endogenous and exogenous factors. Endogenous differences in the timing of individual circadian rhythms relative to a common environmental cue are known as chronotypes, ranging from earlier than average (Morningness) to later than average (Eveningness). Furthermore, individual behavior is often constrained by social constructs such as the 7-day week, and the "sociogenic" impact our social calendar has on our behavioral rhythms is likely modified by chronotype. Our aim in this study was to identify and characterize differences in sleep and rest-activity rhythms (RAR) between weekends and weekdays and between-chronotypes. Male volunteers (n = 24, mean age = 23.46 y) were actigraphically monitored for 4 weeks to derive objective behavioral measures of sleep and RARs. Chronotype was assessed through self-report on the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire. Sleep characteristics were derived using Actiware; daily rest-activity rhythms were modeled using a basic 3-parameter cosinor function. We observed that both Eveningness and Morningness Chronotypes were more active and slept later on the weekends than on weekdays. Significant between-chronotype differences in sleep timing and duration were observed within individual days of the week, especially during transitions between weekends and the workweek. Moreover, chronotypes significantly varied in their weekly rhythms: e.g. Morningness Chronotypes generally shifted their sleep duration, timing and quality across work/rest transitions quicker than Eveningness Chronotypes. Although our results should be interpreted with caution due to the limitations of our cosinor model and a homogenous cohort, they reinforce a growing body of evidence that day of the week, chronotype and their interactions must be accounted for in observational studies of human behavior, especially when circadian rhythms are of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Brooks
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nina Shaafi Kabiri
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jaspreet Bhangu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xuemei Cai
- Early Clinical Development, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eve Pickering
- Early Clinical Development, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Sanford Auerbach
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Paolo Bonato
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tara L Moore
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Farzad Mortazavi
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kevin Thomas
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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32
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Loock AS, Khan Sullivan A, Reis C, Paiva T, Ghotbi N, Pilz LK, Biller AM, Molenda C, Vuori-Brodowski MT, Roenneberg T, Winnebeck EC. Validation of the Munich Actimetry Sleep Detection Algorithm for estimating sleep-wake patterns from activity recordings. J Sleep Res 2021; 30:e13371. [PMID: 33960551 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Periods of sleep and wakefulness can be estimated from wrist-locomotor activity recordings via algorithms that identify periods of relative activity and inactivity. Here, we evaluated the performance of our Munich Actimetry Sleep Detection Algorithm. The Munich Actimetry Sleep Detection Algorithm uses a moving 24-h threshold and correlation procedure estimating relatively consolidated periods of sleep and wake. The Munich Actimetry Sleep Detection Algorithm was validated against sleep logs and polysomnography. Sleep-log validation was performed on two field samples collected over 54 and 34 days (median) in 34 adolescents and 28 young adults. Polysomnographic validation was performed on a clinical sample of 23 individuals undergoing one night of polysomnography. Epoch-by-epoch analyses were conducted and comparisons of sleep measures carried out via Bland-Altman plots and correlations. Compared with sleep logs, the Munich Actimetry Sleep Detection Algorithm classified sleep with a median sensitivity of 80% (interquartile range [IQR] = 75%-86%) and specificity of 91% (87%-92%). Mean onset and offset times were highly correlated (r = .86-.91). Compared with polysomnography, the Munich Actimetry Sleep Detection Algorithm reached a median sensitivity of 92% (85%-100%) but low specificity of 33% (10%-98%), owing to the low frequency of wake episodes in the night-time polysomnographic recordings. The Munich Actimetry Sleep Detection Algorithm overestimated sleep onset (~21 min) and underestimated wake after sleep onset (~26 min), while not performing systematically differently from polysomnography in other sleep parameters. These results demonstrate the validity of the Munich Actimetry Sleep Detection Algorithm in faithfully estimating sleep-wake patterns in field studies. With its good performance across daytime and night-time, it enables analyses of sleep-wake patterns in long recordings performed to assess circadian and sleep regularity and is therefore an excellent objective alternative to sleep logs in field settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Sophie Loock
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ameena Khan Sullivan
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany.,School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Catia Reis
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany.,ISAMB - Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,CENC - Sleep Medicine Center, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Teresa Paiva
- ISAMB - Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,CENC - Sleep Medicine Center, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Neda Ghotbi
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Luisa K Pilz
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Laboratório de Cronobiologia e Sono (HCPA/UFRGS)/Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Anna M Biller
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Carmen Molenda
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Till Roenneberg
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Eva C Winnebeck
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany
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Lunn J, Wilcockson T, Donovan T, Dondelinger F, Perez Algorta G, Monaghan P. The role of chronotype and reward processing in understanding social hierarchies in adolescence. Brain Behav 2021; 11:e02090. [PMID: 33645918 PMCID: PMC8119846 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Circadian rhythms shift toward an evening preference during adolescence, a developmental period marked by greater focus on the social domain and salience of social hierarchies. The circadian system influences maturation of cognitive architecture responsible for motivation and reward, and observation of responses to reward cues has provided insights into neurocognitive processes that underpin adolescent social development. The objective was to investigate whether circadian phase of entrainment (chronotype) predicted both reward-related response inhibition and social status, and to explore whether mediator and moderator relationships existed between chronotype, reward processing, and social status outcomes. METHODS Participants were 75 adolescents aged 13-14 years old (41 females) who completed an eye tracking paradigm that involved an inhibitory control task (antisaccade task) within a nonsocial reward (Card Guessing Game) and a social reward (Cyberball Game) context. Chronotype was calculated from weekend midsleep and grouped into early, intermediate, and later terciles. Participants indicated subjective social status compared with peers in seven domains. RESULTS An intermediate and later chronotype predicted improved inhibitory control in the social versus nonsocial reward context. Chronotype also predicted higher perceived social status in two domains (powerful, troublemaker). Intermediate chronotypes reported higher "Powerful" status whereas later chronotypes were higher on "Troublemaker." Improved social reward-related performance predicted only the higher powerful scores and chronotype moderated this relationship. Improved inhibitory control to social reward predicted higher subjective social status in the intermediate and later chronotype group, an effect that was absent in the early group. CONCLUSION This behavioral study found evidence that changes toward a later phase of entrainment predicts social facilitation effects on inhibitory control and higher perceived power among peers. It is proposed here that circadian delayed phase in adolescence is linked to approach-related motivation, and the social facilitation effects could reflect a social cognitive capacity involved in the drive to achieve social rank.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Lunn
- Lancaster Medical School, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Thomas Wilcockson
- School of Sport, Exercise, and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Tim Donovan
- Centre for Medical Imaging, University of Cumbria, Carlisle, UK
| | | | - Guillermo Perez Algorta
- Division of Health Research, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
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Impact of COVID-19 social-distancing on sleep timing and duration during a university semester. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250793. [PMID: 33901264 PMCID: PMC8075219 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Social-distancing directives to contain community transmission of the COVID-19 virus can be expected to affect sleep timing, duration or quality. Remote work or school may increase time available for sleep, with benefits for immune function and mental health, particularly in those individuals who obtain less sleep than age-adjusted recommendations. Young adults are thought to regularly carry significant sleep debt related in part to misalignment between endogenous circadian clock time and social time. We examined the impact of social-distancing measures on sleep in young adults by comparing sleep self-studies submitted by students enrolled in a university course during the 2020 summer session (entirely remote instruction, N = 80) with self-studies submitted by students enrolled in the same course during previous summer semesters (on-campus instruction, N = 452; cross-sectional study design). Self-studies included 2–8 week sleep diaries, two chronotype questionnaires, written reports, and sleep tracker (Fitbit) data from a subsample. Students in the 2020 remote instruction semester slept later, less efficiently, less at night and more in the day, but did not sleep more overall despite online, asynchronous classes and ~44% fewer work days compared to students in previous summers. Subjectively, the net impact on sleep was judged as positive or negative in equal numbers of students, with students identifying as evening types significantly more likely to report a positive impact, and morning types a negative impact. Several features of the data suggest that the average amount of sleep reported by students in this summer course, historically and during the 2020 remote school semester, represents a homeostatic balance, rather than a chronic deficit. Regardless of the interpretation, the results provide additional evidence that social-distancing measures affect sleep in heterogeneous ways.
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35
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Lenneis A, Das-Friebel A, Singmann H, Teder-Laving M, Lemola S, Wolke D, Tang NKY, von Mühlenen A, Allik J, Realo A. Intraindividual Variability and Temporal Stability of Mid-Sleep on Free and Workdays. J Biol Rhythms 2021; 36:169-184. [PMID: 33353473 PMCID: PMC8056704 DOI: 10.1177/0748730420974842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
People differ in their sleep timings that are often referred to as a chronotype and can be operationalized as mid-sleep (midpoint between sleep onset and wake-up). The aims of the present studies were to examine intraindividual variability and longer-term temporal stability of mid-sleep on free and workdays, while also considering the effect of age. We used data from a 2-week experience sampling study of British university students (Study 1) and from a panel study of Estonian adults who filled in the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire twice up to 5 years apart (Study 2). Results of Study 1 showed that roughly 50% of the variance in daily mid-sleep scores across the 14-day period was attributed to intraindividual variability as indicated by the intraclass correlation coefficient. However, when the effect of free versus workdays was considered, the intraindividual variability in daily mid-sleep across 2 weeks was 0.71 the size of the interindividual variability. In Study 2, mid-sleep on free and workdays showed good levels of temporal stability-the retest correlations of mid-sleep on free and workdays were 0.66 and 0.58 when measured twice over a period of 0-1 to 5 years. The retest stability of mid-sleep scores on both free and workdays sharply increased from young adulthood and reached their peak when participants were in late 40 to early 50 years of age, indicating that age influences the stability of mid-sleep. Future long-term longitudinal studies are necessary to explore how age-related life circumstances and other possible factors may influence the intraindividual variability and temporal stability of mid-sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Lenneis
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | | | - Henrik Singmann
- Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Sakari Lemola
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- Department of Psychology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Dieter Wolke
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | | | | | - Jüri Allik
- Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- The Estonian Academy of Sciences, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Anu Realo
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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Mazri FH, Manaf ZA, Shahar S, Mat Ludin AF, Karim NA, Ban AYL, Osman RA. Modified Munich chronotype questionnaire for application to short-interval split sleep of non-shift workers. Chronobiol Int 2021; 38:659-665. [PMID: 33733959 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2021.1887209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQ) has been widely validated among various types of populations. However, determination of chronotype among individuals who have a split sleep pattern with short intervals between the first and second sleep bouts on free days has not yet been reported. This study aimed to validate the MCTQ modified for this purpose by assessing the actual sleep-wake timing against the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ). The modified calculation for the midpoint of sleep on free days (MSF) of the split sleep pattern considers the second sleep bout as the total sleep duration on free days. We recruited 161 participants (mean age: 38.7 ± 7.8 years; 73% females, 29% with split sleep pattern) were recruited to administer the modified version of the MCTQ and MEQ. All of the MCTQ original parameters: midpoint of sleep on work days (MSW, r = -0.575), midpoint of sleep on free days (MSF, r = -0.568), and midpoint of sleep on free days corrected for sleep debt (MSFsc,r = -0.566) were significantly correlated with MEQ. The MEQ was further tested against MSF in four conditions of the split sleep pattern. The MSF modified for split sleep within 60 minutes after the first awakening showed highest correlation (r = -0.576) against MEQ score. The results demonstrate the modified version of MCTQ is valid to determine the chronotype in participants who practice consolidated and split sleep patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatin Hanani Mazri
- Dietetic Program and Centre for Healthy Aging and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zahara Abdul Manaf
- Dietetic Program and Centre for Healthy Aging and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Suzana Shahar
- Dietetic Program and Centre for Healthy Aging and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Arimi Fitri Mat Ludin
- Biomedical Science Program and Centre for Healthy Aging and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norwahidah Abdul Karim
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Andrea Yu-Lin Ban
- Respiratory Unit, Department of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rose Azzlinda Osman
- Respiratory Unit, Department of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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37
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Sleep-Wake Timings in Adolescence: Chronotype Development and Associations with Adjustment. J Youth Adolesc 2021; 50:628-640. [PMID: 33606125 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-021-01407-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Adolescent sleep research has focused heavily on duration and quality with less work examining chronotype, defined as individual differences in sleep-wake timings driven by the circadian rhythm. This study filled a gap in the literature by utilizing actigraphy-based sleep estimates in an accelerated longitudinal design in order to better understand the developmental trajectory and individual stability of chronotype during adolescence, as well as the associations between chronotype with risky behaviors, substance use, and depressive symptoms. A total of 329 adolescents (57% female; 21% Asian American, 31% European American, 41% Latino, 7% other ethnicity) provided actigraphy-based estimates of sleep and completed questionnaires at up to three time points, two years apart, beginning at 14-17 years of age. Multilevel modeling revealed a non-linear developmental trend in chronotype whereby eveningness increased from 14 to 19 years of age followed by a trend toward morningness. Individual differences in chronotype exhibited modest stability during adolescent development. Furthermore, greater evening chronotype was associated with more risky behaviors and substance use among males, and more substance use among older adolescents, whereas depressive symptoms were not associated with chronotype. The findings from this study may have practical implications for adolescent behavioral health interventions targeted at reducing risky behaviors and substance use among youth.
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38
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Fekedulegn D, Andrew ME, Shi M, Violanti JM, Knox S, Innes KE. Actigraphy-Based Assessment of Sleep Parameters. Ann Work Expo Health 2021; 64:350-367. [PMID: 32053169 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxaa007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Actigraphy, a method for inferring sleep/wake patterns based on movement data gathered using actigraphs, is increasingly used in population-based epidemiologic studies because of its ability to monitor activity in natural settings. Using special software, actigraphic data are analyzed to estimate a range of sleep parameters. To date, despite extensive application of actigraphs in sleep research, published literature specifically detailing the methodology for derivation of sleep parameters is lacking; such information is critical for the appropriate analysis and interpretation of actigraphy data. Reporting of sleep parameters has also been inconsistent across studies, likely reflecting the lack of consensus regarding the definition of sleep onset and offset. In addition, actigraphy data are generally underutilized, with only a fraction of the sleep parameters generated through actigraphy routinely used in current sleep research. The objectives of this paper are to review existing algorithms used to estimate sleep/wake cycles from movement data, demonstrate the rules/methods used for estimating sleep parameters, provide clear technical definitions of the parameters, and suggest potential new measures that reflect intraindividual variability. Utilizing original data collected using Motionlogger Sleep Watch (Ambulatory Monitoring Inc., Ardsley, NY), we detail the methodology and derivation of 29 nocturnal sleep parameters, including those both widely and rarely utilized in research. By improving understanding of the actigraphy process, the information provided in this paper may help: ensure appropriate use and interpretation of sleep parameters in future studies; enable the recalibration of sleep parameters to address specific goals; inform the development of new measures; and increase the breadth of sleep parameters used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desta Fekedulegn
- Bioanalytics Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Michael E Andrew
- Bioanalytics Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Mingming Shi
- Bioanalytics Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - John M Violanti
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Sarah Knox
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Kim E Innes
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
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Suh SW, Han JW, Han JH, Bae JB, Moon W, Kim HS, Oh DJ, Kwak KP, Kim BJ, Kim SG, Kim JL, Kim TH, Ryu SH, Moon SW, Park JH, Byun S, Seo J, Youn JC, Lee DY, Lee DW, Lee SB, Lee JJ, Jhoo JH, Kim KW. Sex differences in subjective age-associated changes in sleep: a prospective elderly cohort study. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:21942-21958. [PMID: 33170149 PMCID: PMC7695390 DOI: 10.18632/aging.104016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Subjective age-associated changes in sleep (AACS) and sex differences in AACS have never been prospectively investigated in elderly populations. We compared the AACS every 2 years over a total of 6 years between 4,686 community-dwelling healthy men and women aged 60 years or older who participated in the Korean Longitudinal Study on Cognitive Aging and Dementia. Sleep parameters including sleep duration, latency, and efficiency, mid-sleep time, daytime dysfunction, and overall subjective sleep quality were measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index at baseline and at each follow-up. The effects of time and sex on subjective sleep parameters were analyzed using linear mixed-effects models. During the 6 years of follow-up, we observed that overall, sleep latency increased, while daytime dysfunction and sleep quality worsened. Significant sex differences in AACS was found, with women showing shortened sleep duration, delayed mid-sleep time, and decreased sleep efficiency over 6 years. Sleep quality worsened in both groups but a more pronounced change was observed in women. Clinicians should be cautious in determining when to treat declared sleep disturbances in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Wan Suh
- Department of Psychiatry, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Won Han
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Han
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jong Bin Bae
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Woori Moon
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hye Sung Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Dae Jong Oh
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Kyung Phil Kwak
- Department of Psychiatry, Dongguk University Gyeongju Hospital, Gyeongju, Korea
| | - Bong Jo Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Shin Gyeom Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Jeong Lan Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Tae Hui Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Wonju, Korea
| | - Seung-Ho Ryu
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok Woo Moon
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Konkuk University Chungju Hospital, Chungju, Korea
| | - Joon Hyuk Park
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, Korea
| | - Seonjeong Byun
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jiyeong Seo
- Department of Psychiatry, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Korea
| | - Jong Chul Youn
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kyunggi Provincial Hospital for the Elderly, Yongin, Korea
| | - Dong Young Lee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Woo Lee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok Bum Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Jung Jae Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Jin Hyeong Jhoo
- Department of Psychiatry, Kangwon National University, School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Ki Woong Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, Korea
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40
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Reiter AM, Sargent C, Roach GD. Finding DLMO: estimating dim light melatonin onset from sleep markers derived from questionnaires, diaries and actigraphy. Chronobiol Int 2020; 37:1412-1424. [DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2020.1809443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M. Reiter
- Appleton Institute for Behavioural Science, Central Queensland University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Charli Sargent
- Appleton Institute for Behavioural Science, Central Queensland University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Gregory D. Roach
- Appleton Institute for Behavioural Science, Central Queensland University, Adelaide, Australia
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Reis C, Madeira SG, Lopes LV, Paiva T, Roenneberg T. Validation of the Portuguese Variant of the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQ PT). Front Physiol 2020; 11:795. [PMID: 32760292 PMCID: PMC7372122 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Differences in the manner circadian clocks entrain to the 24-h day are expressions of different chronotypes that can range from extreme early to extreme late, from proverbial larks to owls. The Morningness Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) was one of the first to assess daily preference based on subjective self-assessment – a psychological construct. The later developed Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQ) uses instead the actual sleep timing to assess chronotype. It calculates the mid-sleep point, halfway between onset and offset on work-free days (MSF), which is then corrected for potential oversleep on free days compensating for sleep debt accumulated over the workweek (MSFsc). MSFsc is expressed in local time and is thought to be a proxy for “phase of entrainment” of the circadian clock. The MCTQ-derived chronotype is therefore a biological construct. In the present report, we validate the Portuguese variant (MCTQPT) of the MCTQ. Portugal is of particular interest, since it is thought to consist of especially late chronotypes. Methods We have used three methods to assess the timing of daily behavior, namely, the chronotype (MCTQ), the daily preference (rMEQ), and a simple self-assessment (time-of-day type). A total of 80 healthy adults living in Portugal, with age and sex distributed according to the Portuguese population, were recruited. We analyzed 4 weeks of continuous records of actimetry data to validate the MCTQPT and used the rMEQ to compare between a biological chronotype (sleep timing) and a psychological chronotype (daily preference). MCTQ variables were analyzed by descriptive statistics; correspondence between measurements was done by Spearman correlations or cross-tabulation; in a subset of 41 individuals, test–retest reliability was assessed. Results MCTQ-derived variables (MSF, MSW, MSFsc) correlated highly with their counterparts calculated from actimetry (MSW: rho = 0.697; MSF: rho = 0.747; MSFsc: rho = 0.646; all p < 0.001). The MCTQ assessment of the chronotype showed good test–retest reliability (rho = 0.905; p < 0.001). The rMEQ score correlates with MSFsc (rho = −0.695; p < 0.001), and the agreement for the self-assessment with the MSFsc was fair (kw = 0.386; p < 0.001). Conclusion The Portuguese variant of the MCTQ revealed to be a reliable questionnaire to assess the chronotype for the Portuguese adult population, as previously reported for other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cátia Reis
- Centro de Medicina de Sono (CENC), Lisbon, Portugal.,Instituto de Saúde Ambiental (ISAMB), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sara Gamboa Madeira
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental (ISAMB), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Unidade de Saúde Familiar Mactamã, Administração Regional de Saúde de Lisboa e Vale do Tejo (ARSLVT), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luísa V Lopes
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Teresa Paiva
- Centro de Medicina de Sono (CENC), Lisbon, Portugal.,Instituto de Saúde Ambiental (ISAMB), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Comprehensive Health Research Center (CHRC), Nova Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Till Roenneberg
- Institute for Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians University (LMU), Munich, Germany
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Abeler K, Sand T, Friborg O, Bergvik S. Seasonality in pain, sleep and mental distress in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain at latitude 69° N. Chronobiol Int 2020; 37:1650-1661. [PMID: 32460567 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2020.1764011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Seasonality is evident in several aspects of human health and behavior, whereas seasonality in chronic pain is less well studied. We examined seasonal variation in pain severity and pain dissemination, as well as in pain-associated conditions, such as sleep impairment, sleep timing, mental distress, fatigue and physical activity. We also examined if any of these associated conditions moderated the seasonality in pain. This prospective study was conducted in the subarctic municipality of Tromsø, Norway (69º North), on a sample of patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain (N = 56). Data were collected with self-report questionnaires and objective actigraphy measures (7 days) twice: winter and summer. Mixed linear regression models were fitted. A modest seasonality effect was observed in pain severity (highest in summer), but not in pain dissemination. Seasonality with increased physical activity and delayed sleep timing in the summer was also present. The remaining pain-associated self-report or objective measures indicated no seasonality. The season-pain association was not significantly moderated by any of the pain-associated conditions. Previous studies on healthy individuals residing in polar areas have suggested an opposite seasonal effect with delay of the sleep-wake rhythm in winter. Our results based on a clinical sample thus represent a novel finding that needs to be examined further with regard to seasonal circadian entrainment and alignment in pain populations. These results may have clinical value for the treatment of patients with musculoskeletal pain as seasonality may require seasonal adjustments of pain treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Abeler
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Arctic University of Norway , Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, University Hospital of North Norway , Tromsø, Norway
| | - Trond Sand
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology , Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital , Trondheim, Norway
| | - Oddgeir Friborg
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Arctic University of Norway , Tromsø, Norway
| | - Svein Bergvik
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Arctic University of Norway , Tromsø, Norway
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Šmotek M, Fárková E, Manková D, Kopřivová J. Evening and night exposure to screens of media devices and its association with subjectively perceived sleep: Should "light hygiene" be given more attention? Sleep Health 2020; 6:498-505. [PMID: 32197951 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2019.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to examine subjective sleep quality in a population of healthy volunteers and its association with evening and night light exposure to screens of media devices. METHODS A total of 693 participants (mean age 31.2±11.4 years, 159 men, and 538 women) completed an online questionnaire battery consisting of several sleep-related questionnaires: PSQI, FSS, MCTQ, MEQ, and added questions assessing the timing and character the evening and night exposure to electronical devices (TV, PC, tablets, and phones), and the use of various filters blocking short-wavelength light. RESULTS Statistical analyses show that longer cumulative exposure to screen light in the evening was associated with greater sleep inertia in the morning (P = .019, η2=0.141) and longer sleep latency on workdays P = .038, η2=0.135). Furthermore, exposure to screen light 1.5 h before sleep or during night awakenings was also associated with a decreased chance to wake up before alarm clock (P = .003, d=0.30), larger social jet lag (P < .001, d=0.15), more daytime dysfunction (P < .001, d=0.40), decreased subjective sleep quality (P = .024, d=0.16), and more fatigue (P < .001, d=0.52). A statistical trend for an increase in duration of sleep on weekdays (P = .058, d=0.23) was also found in participants using blue-light filters in the evening hours. DISCUSSION Our results are in line with other studies that converge to show the negative association of evening and night exposure to short-wavelength light on subjective and objective sleep parameters. Results suggest that light hygiene in general population should be given more attention not only in the context of clinical sleep medicine but also in the realm of public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Šmotek
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic; Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Eva Fárková
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic; Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Denisa Manková
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Kopřivová
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic; Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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44
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Interplay of chronotype and school timing predicts school performance. Nat Hum Behav 2020; 4:387-396. [PMID: 32042108 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-020-0820-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Most adolescents exhibit very late chronotypes and attend school early in the morning, a misalignment that can affect their health and psychological well-being. Here we examine how the interaction between the chronotype and school timing of an individual influences academic performance, studying a unique sample of 753 Argentinian students who were randomly assigned to start school in the morning (07:45), afternoon (12:40) or evening (17:20). Although chronotypes tend to align partially with class time, this effect is insufficient to fully account for the differences with school start time. We show that (1) for morning-attending students, early chronotypes perform better than late chronotypes in all school subjects, an effect that is largest for maths; (2) this effect vanishes for students who attend school in the afternoon; and (3) late chronotypes benefit from evening classes. Together, these results demonstrate that academic performance is improved when school times are better aligned with the biological rhythms of adolescents.
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45
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Tavares PDS, Carpena MX, Carone CMDM, Del-Ponte B, Santos IS, Tovo-Rodrigues L. Is social jetlag similar to travel-induced jetlag? Results of a validation study. Chronobiol Int 2020; 37:542-551. [DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2020.1712413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrice de Souza Tavares
- Postgraduate Program in Psychology, Laboratory of Experimental Psychology, Neuroscience and Behavior, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul– UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul. Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas–UFPEL, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marina Xavier Carpena
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas–UFPEL, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Bianca Del-Ponte
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas–UFPEL, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Iná S. Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas–UFPEL, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Pediatrics and Child Health, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul – PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Luciana Tovo-Rodrigues
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas–UFPEL, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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46
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Martinez-Nicolas A, Martinez-Madrid MJ, Almaida-Pagan PF, Bonmati-Carrion MA, Madrid JA, Rol MA. Assessing Chronotypes by Ambulatory Circadian Monitoring. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1396. [PMID: 31824327 PMCID: PMC6879660 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to develop objective indexes for chronotype identification by means of direct measurement of circadian rhythms, 159 undergraduate students were recruited as volunteers and instructed to wear ambulatory circadian monitoring (ACM) sensors that continuously gathered information on the individual's environmental light and temperature exposure, wrist temperature, body position, activity, and the integrated TAP (temperature, activity, and position) variable for 7 consecutive days under regular free-living conditions. Among all the proposed indexes, the night phase marker (NPM) of the TAP variable was the best suited to discriminate among chronotypes, due to its relationship with the Munich ChronoType Questionnaire (β = 0.531; p < 0.001). The NPM of TAP allowed subjects to be classified as early- (E-type, 20%), neither- (N-type, 60%), and late-types (L-type, 20%), each of which had its own characteristics. In terms of light exposure, while all subjects had short exposure times to bright light (>100 lux), with a daily average of 93.84 ± 5.72 min, the earlier chronotypes were exposed to brighter days and darker nights compared to the later chronotypes. Furthermore, the earlier chronotypes were associated with higher stability and day-night contrast, along with an earlier phase, which could be the cause or consequence of the light exposure habits. Overall, these data support the use of ACM for chronotype identification and for evaluation under free living conditions, using objective markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Martinez-Nicolas
- Chronobiology Lab, Department of Physiology, College of Biology, University of Murcia, Mare Nostrum Campus, IUIE, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain.,Ciber Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Jose Martinez-Madrid
- Chronobiology Lab, Department of Physiology, College of Biology, University of Murcia, Mare Nostrum Campus, IUIE, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain.,Ciber Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Francisco Almaida-Pagan
- Chronobiology Lab, Department of Physiology, College of Biology, University of Murcia, Mare Nostrum Campus, IUIE, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain.,Ciber Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria-Angeles Bonmati-Carrion
- Chronobiology Lab, Department of Physiology, College of Biology, University of Murcia, Mare Nostrum Campus, IUIE, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain.,Ciber Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Madrid
- Chronobiology Lab, Department of Physiology, College of Biology, University of Murcia, Mare Nostrum Campus, IUIE, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain.,Ciber Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Angeles Rol
- Chronobiology Lab, Department of Physiology, College of Biology, University of Murcia, Mare Nostrum Campus, IUIE, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain.,Ciber Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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47
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Smit AN, Michalik M, Livingstone AC, Mistlberger RE, McDonald JJ. Circadian misalignment impairs ability to suppress visual distractions. Psychophysiology 2019; 57:e13485. [PMID: 31613010 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Evening-type individuals often perform poorly in the morning because of a mismatch between internal circadian time and external social time, a condition recognized as social jet lag. Performance impairments near the morning circadian (~24 hr) trough have been attributed to deficits in attention, but the nature of the impairment is unknown. Using electrophysiological indices of attentional selection (N2pc) and suppression (PD ), we show that evening-type individuals have a specific disability in suppressing irrelevant visual distractions. More specifically, evening-type individuals managed to suppress a salient distractor in an afternoon testing session, as evidenced by a PD , but were less able to suppress the distractor in a morning testing session, as evidenced by an attenuated PD and a concomitant distractor-elicited N2pc. Morning chronotypes, who would be well past their circadian trough at the time of testing, did not show this deficit at either test time. These results indicate that failure to filter out irrelevant stimuli at an early stage of perceptual processing contributes to impaired cognitive functioning at nonoptimal times of day and may underlie real-world performance impairments, such as distracted driving, that have been associated with circadian mismatch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea N Smit
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mateusz Michalik
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ashley C Livingstone
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ralph E Mistlberger
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - John J McDonald
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
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48
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Didikoglu A, Maharani A, Tampubolon G, Canal MM, Payton A, Pendleton N. Longitudinal sleep efficiency in the elderly and its association with health. J Sleep Res 2019; 29:e12898. [DOI: 10.1111/jsr.12898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Altug Didikoglu
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology School of Biological Sciences Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health The University of Manchester Manchester UK
| | - Asri Maharani
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology School of Biological Sciences Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health The University of Manchester Manchester UK
| | - Gindo Tampubolon
- Global Development Institute School of Environment, Education and Development Faculty of Humanities The University of Manchester Manchester UK
| | - Maria Mercè Canal
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology School of Biological Sciences Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health The University of Manchester Manchester UK
| | - Antony Payton
- Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences School of Health Sciences Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health The University of Manchester Manchester UK
| | - Neil Pendleton
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology School of Biological Sciences Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health The University of Manchester Manchester UK
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49
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Roenneberg T, Pilz LK, Zerbini G, Winnebeck EC. Chronotype and Social Jetlag: A (Self-) Critical Review. BIOLOGY 2019; 8:E54. [PMID: 31336976 PMCID: PMC6784249 DOI: 10.3390/biology8030054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The Munich ChronoType Questionnaire (MCTQ) has now been available for more than 15 years and its original publication has been cited 1240 times (Google Scholar, May 2019). Additionally, its online version, which was available until July 2017, produced almost 300,000 entries from all over the world (MCTQ database). The MCTQ has gone through several versions, has been translated into 13 languages, and has been validated against other more objective measures of daily timing in several independent studies. Besides being used as a method to correlate circadian features of human biology with other factors-ranging from health issues to geographical factors-the MCTQ gave rise to the quantification of old wisdoms, like "teenagers are late", and has produced new concepts, like social jetlag. Some like the MCTQ's simplicity and some view it critically. Therefore, it is time to present a self-critical view on the MCTQ, to address some misunderstandings, and give some definitions of the MCTQ-derived chronotype and the concept of social jetlag.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till Roenneberg
- Institute of Medical Psychology, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany.
| | - Luísa K Pilz
- Institute of Medical Psychology, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
- Laboratório de Cronobiologia e Sono, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90035-903, Brazil
| | - Giulia Zerbini
- Institute of Medical Psychology, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Eva C Winnebeck
- Institute of Medical Psychology, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
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50
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Sebela A, Kolenic M, Farkova E, Novak T, Goetz M. Decreased need for sleep as an endophenotype of bipolar disorder: an actigraphy study. Chronobiol Int 2019; 36:1227-1239. [PMID: 31257931 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2019.1630631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Reports of subjective sleep impairments have been replicated in adults with bipolar disorder (BD), young BD patients, and even children of parents with BD. Furthermore, circadian rhythm alterations are a core feature of BD. Despite the impairment in circadian rhythms and altered sleep included in various heuristic developmental models of BD, thus far, biomarkers have not been sufficiently objectively validated. Thus, here, we assessed the rest-activity circadian rhythmicity and sleep macrostructure using actigraphy in a sample of unaffected child and adolescent offspring of bipolar parents (BO; n = 43; 21 females; 11.0 ± 3.2 years) and controls (n = 42; 17 females; 11.1 ± 3.4 years) comparable in sex (p = .4) and age (p = .7). All participants wore a MotionWatch 8 (Camntech, Cambridge, UK) actigraph on their nondominant wrist for ≥ 14 days and completed sleep diaries. Psychopathology was assessed by the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia and by subjective scales. The main areas of interest were rest-activity circadian rhythmicity, chronotype and sleep macrostructure. Subgroup analyses (child and adolescent subgroups) were conducted to identify physiological differences in sleep between these age groups. The BO and controls did not differ in the presence of current mood (p = .5) and anxiety (p = .6) disorders. The BO had shorter sleep time on free days (p = .007; effect size, Cohen´s d = 0.56), lower sleep efficiency on free days (p = .01; d = 0.47), lower prolongation of time in bed on free days (p = .046; d = 0.41), and lower social jet lag (p = .04; d = 0.5) than the controls. A longer sleep time on school days (p < .001; d = 0.21), lower prolongation of sleep time between school and free days (p = .008; d = 0.74), and larger difference in sleep onset latency between school days and free days (p = .009; d = 0.52) were observed in the adolescent BO than in the controls. The child BO had poorer sleep quality on free days than the controls (p = .02; d = 0.96). In all cases, the results remained significant after controlling for subthreshold mood and anxiety symptoms. The BO had less variable rest-activity rhythm than controls (p = .04; d = 0.32). No other significant differences between the BO and controls were observed in the rest-activity circadian rhythmicity and chronotype. The results showed decreased physiological catch-up sleep on free days in the BO, which may indicate a decreased need for sleep in this population. Thus, the decreased need for sleep observed in the unaffected BO may represent an endophenotype of BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonin Sebela
- a Diagnostics and Treatment of Mental Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health , Klecany , Czech Republic.,b First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague , Prague 2 , Czech Republic
| | - Marian Kolenic
- a Diagnostics and Treatment of Mental Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health , Klecany , Czech Republic.,c Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University Prague , Prague 10 , Czech Republic
| | - Eva Farkova
- a Diagnostics and Treatment of Mental Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health , Klecany , Czech Republic.,c Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University Prague , Prague 10 , Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Novak
- a Diagnostics and Treatment of Mental Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health , Klecany , Czech Republic.,c Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University Prague , Prague 10 , Czech Republic
| | - Michal Goetz
- d Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University Prague , Praha 5 , Czech Republic.,e Department of Child Psychiatry, Motol University Hospital , Praha 5 , Czech Republic
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