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Vasilakopoulou PB, Yanni AE, Fanarioti E, Dermon CR, Karathanos VT, Chiou A. Determination of Flavonoids and Phenolic Acids in the Liver of Wistar Rats after a Dietary Enrichment with Corinthian Currant ( Vitis vinifera L., var. Apyrena): A Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Study. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:11549-11560. [PMID: 38718199 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Corinthian currants are dried fruits produced from Vitis vinifera L. var. Apyrena grape. This study investigated the distribution of phenolic compounds in male Wistar rat livers following two distinct Corinthian currant long-term dietary intake protocols (3 and 10% w/w). Method optimization, comparing fresh and lyophilized tissues, achieved satisfactory recoveries (>70%) for most analytes. Enzymatic hydrolysis conditions (37 °C, pH 5.0) minimally affected phenolics, but enzyme addition showed diverse effects. Hydrolyzed lyophilized liver tissue from rats consuming Corinthian currants (3 and 10% w/w) exhibited elevated levels of isorhamnetin (20.62 ± 2.27 ng/g tissue and 33.80 ± 1.38 ng/g tissue, respectively), along with similar effects for kaempferol, quercetin, and chrysin after prolonged Corinthian currant intake. This suggests their presence as phase II metabolites in the fasting-state liver. This study is the first to explore phenolic accumulation in rat liver, simulating real conditions of dried fruit consumption, as seen herein with Corinthian currant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi B Vasilakopoulou
- Laboratory of Chemistry-Biochemistry-Physical Chemistry of Foods, Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Harokopio University, 70 El. Venizelou Ave., 176 76 Kallithea, Greece
| | - Amalia E Yanni
- Laboratory of Chemistry-Biochemistry-Physical Chemistry of Foods, Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Harokopio University, 70 El. Venizelou Ave., 176 76 Kallithea, Greece
| | - Eleni Fanarioti
- Laboratory of Human and Animal Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, Rion, 26500 Patras, Greece
| | - Catherine R Dermon
- Laboratory of Human and Animal Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, Rion, 26500 Patras, Greece
| | - Vaios T Karathanos
- Laboratory of Chemistry-Biochemistry-Physical Chemistry of Foods, Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Harokopio University, 70 El. Venizelou Ave., 176 76 Kallithea, Greece
- Agricultural Cooperatives' Union of Aeghion, Corinthou 201, 25100 Aeghion, Greece
| | - Antonia Chiou
- Laboratory of Chemistry-Biochemistry-Physical Chemistry of Foods, Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Harokopio University, 70 El. Venizelou Ave., 176 76 Kallithea, Greece
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Islam MR, Rauf A, Alash S, Fakir MNH, Thufa GK, Sowa MS, Mukherjee D, Kumar H, Hussain MS, Aljohani ASM, Imran M, Al Abdulmonem W, Thiruvengadam R, Thiruvengadam M. A comprehensive review of phytoconstituents in liver cancer prevention and treatment: targeting insights into molecular signaling pathways. Med Oncol 2024; 41:134. [PMID: 38703282 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-024-02333-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Primary liver cancer is a type of cancer that develops in the liver. Hepatocellular carcinoma is a primary liver cancer that usually affects adults. Liver cancer is a fatal global condition that affects millions of people worldwide. Despite advances in technology, the mortality rate remains alarming. There is growing interest in researching alternative medicines to prevent or reduce the effects of liver cancer. Recent studies have shown growing interest in herbal products, nutraceuticals, and Chinese medicines as potential treatments for liver cancer. These substances contain unique bioactive compounds with anticancer properties. The causes of liver cancer and potential treatments are discussed in this review. This study reviews natural compounds, such as curcumin, resveratrol, green tea catechins, grape seed extracts, vitamin D, and selenium. Preclinical and clinical studies have shown that these medications reduce the risk of liver cancer through their antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-angiogenic, and antimetastatic properties. This article discusses the therapeutic properties of natural products, nutraceuticals, and Chinese compounds for the prevention and treatment of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Rezaul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Daffodil Smart City, Birulia, Savar, Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Anbar, 23561, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
| | - Shopnil Alash
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Daffodil Smart City, Birulia, Savar, Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Md Naeem Hossain Fakir
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Daffodil Smart City, Birulia, Savar, Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Gazi Kaifeara Thufa
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Daffodil Smart City, Birulia, Savar, Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Mahbuba Sharmin Sowa
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Daffodil Smart City, Birulia, Savar, Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Dattatreya Mukherjee
- Raiganj Government Medical College and Hospital, Pranabananda Sarani, Raiganj, 733134, West Bengal, India
| | - Harendra Kumar
- Dow University of Health Sciences, Mission Rd, New Labour Colony Nanakwara, Karachi, 74200, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Md Sadique Hussain
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Mahal Road, Jagatpura, Jaipur, 302017, Rajasthan, India
| | - Abdullah S M Aljohani
- Department of Medical Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, 61413, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Al Abdulmonem
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rekha Thiruvengadam
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, 600077, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Muthu Thiruvengadam
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, South Korea
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Ren Q, Sun Q, Fu J. Dysfunction of autophagy in high-fat diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Autophagy 2024; 20:221-241. [PMID: 37700498 PMCID: PMC10813589 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2254191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
ABBREVIATIONS ACOX1: acyl-CoA oxidase 1; ADH5: alcohol dehydrogenase 5 (class III), chi polypeptide; ADIPOQ: adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing; ATG: autophagy related; BECN1: beclin 1; CRTC2: CREB regulated transcription coactivator 2; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; F2RL1: F2R like trypsin receptor 1; FA: fatty acid; FOXO1: forkhead box O1; GLP1R: glucagon like peptide 1 receptor; GRK2: G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2; GTPase: guanosine triphosphatase; HFD: high-fat diet; HSCs: hepatic stellate cells; HTRA2: HtrA serine peptidase 2; IRGM: immunity related GTPase M; KD: knockdown; KDM6B: lysine demethylase 6B; KO: knockout; LAMP2: lysosomal associated membrane protein 2; LAP: LC3-associated phagocytosis; LDs: lipid droplets; Li KO: liver-specific knockout; LSECs: liver sinusoidal endothelial cells; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MAP3K5: mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5; MED1: mediator complex subunit 1; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; MTORC1: mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1; NAFLD: non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; NASH: non-alcoholic steatohepatitis; NFE2L2: NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2; NOS3: nitric oxide synthase 3; NR1H3: nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group H member 3; OA: oleic acid; OE: overexpression; OSBPL8: oxysterol binding protein like 8; PA: palmitic acid; RUBCNL: rubicon like autophagy enhancer; PLIN2: perilipin 2; PLIN3: perilipin 3; PPARA: peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha; PRKAA2/AMPK: protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2; RAB: member RAS oncogene family; RPTOR: regulatory associated protein of MTOR complex 1; SCD: stearoyl-CoA desaturase; SIRT1: sirtuin 1; SIRT3: sirtuin 3; SNARE: soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; SREBF1: sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1;SREBF2: sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 2; STING1: stimulator of interferon response cGAMP interactor 1; STX17: syntaxin 17; TAGs: triacylglycerols; TFEB: transcription factor EB; TP53/p53: tumor protein p53; ULK1: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1; VMP1: vacuole membrane protein 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiannan Ren
- Department of Endocrinology, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiming Sun
- International Institutes of Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Biochemistry, and Department of Cardiology of Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junfen Fu
- Department of Endocrinology, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
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Mancak M, Altintas D, Balaban Y, Caliskan UK. Evidence-based herbal treatments in liver diseases. HEPATOLOGY FORUM 2024; 5:50-60. [PMID: 38283267 PMCID: PMC10809338 DOI: 10.14744/hf.2022.2022.0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
The liver is the main organ for metabolic and detoxification reactions in the body. Therefore, its diseases can be associated with both metabolic disorders, such as insulin resistance, obesity, diabetes, or dyslipidemia, and exogenous insults such as drugs, xenobiotics, or alcohol. Indeed, lifestyle changes are the primary approaches for the prevention and treatment of liver diseases. Since ancient times, herbals have also been used for preventive and therapeutic purposes, because of their anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. Here, the literature was reviewed for potential therapeutic effects of plants and their compounds by including in vitro and in vivo studies, as well as clinical trials. Although the available data imply some beneficial roles of herbals on the liver, the indications and posology of specific plants need to be clarified through multicenter, randomized clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Methiye Mancak
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Gazi University Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara, Turkiye
| | - Dudu Altintas
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Duzce University Faculty of Pharmacy, Duzce, Turkiye
| | - Yasemin Balaban
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medical Sciences, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkiye
| | - Ufuk Koca Caliskan
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Gazi University Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara, Turkiye
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Das SK, Nerune SM, Das KK. Antioxidant therapy for hepatic diseases: a double-edged sword. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2024; 35:7-14. [PMID: 38234261 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2023-0156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Liver diseases are complex conditions, significantly influenced by oxidative stress. This comprehensive review assesses the therapeutic role of antioxidants like l-ascorbic acid and α tocopherol, beta-carotene, various minerals, and plant-based ingredients in mitigating oxidative stress-induced liver diseases. The manuscript delves into the critical influence of genetic and epigenetic factors on disease susceptibility, progression, and response to antioxidant therapy. While animal studies suggest antioxidant efficacy in liver disease treatment, human trials remain inconclusive, and caution is advised due to its possible potential pro-oxidant effects. Moreover, the interactions of antioxidants with other drugs necessitate careful consideration in the management of polypharmacy in liver disease patients. The review underscores the need for further research to establish the clinical benefits of antioxidants with understanding of possible antioxidant toxicities to elucidate the intricate interplay of genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors in liver diseases. The aim is to foster a better understanding of the knowledge on hepatic disease management with judicial antioxidant therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayandeep K Das
- Department of Pathology, Shri B. M. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, BLDE (Deemed to be University), Vijayapur, Karnataka, India
| | - Savitri M Nerune
- Department of Pathology, Shri B. M. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, BLDE (Deemed to be University), Vijayapur, Karnataka, India
| | - Kusal K Das
- Laboratory of Vascular Physiology and Medicine, Department of Physiology, Shri B. M. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, BLDE (Deemed to be University), Vijayapur, Karnataka, India
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Li JZ, Chen N, Ma N, Li MR. Mechanism and Progress of Natural Products in the Treatment of NAFLD-Related Fibrosis. Molecules 2023; 28:7936. [PMID: 38067665 PMCID: PMC10707854 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has emerged as the most prevalent chronic liver disorder worldwide, with liver fibrosis (LF) serving as a pivotal juncture in NAFLD progression. Natural products have demonstrated substantial antifibrotic properties, ushering in novel avenues for NAFLD treatment. This study provides a comprehensive review of the potential of natural products as antifibrotic agents, including flavonoids, polyphenol compounds, and terpenoids, with specific emphasis on the role of Baicalin in NAFLD-associated fibrosis. Mechanistically, these natural products have exhibited the capacity to target a multitude of signaling pathways, including Hedgehog, Wnt/β-catenin, TGF-β1, and NF-κB. Moreover, they can augment the activities of antioxidant enzymes, inhibit pro-fibrotic factors, and diminish fibrosis markers. In conclusion, this review underscores the considerable potential of natural products in addressing NAFLD-related liver fibrosis through multifaceted mechanisms. Nonetheless, it underscores the imperative need for further clinical investigation to authenticate their effectiveness, offering invaluable insights for future therapeutic advancements in this domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Zhong Li
- Division of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ning Chen
- General Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Nan Ma
- Center for Bioactive Natural Molecules and Innovative Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- JNU-HKUST Joint Laboratory for Neuroscience and Innovative Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Min-Ran Li
- Division of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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Kamel FO, Karim S, Bafail DAO, Aldawsari HM, Kotta S, Ilyas UK. Hepatoprotective effects of bioactive compounds from traditional herb Tulsi ( Ocimum sanctum Linn) against galactosamine-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1213052. [PMID: 37860117 PMCID: PMC10582332 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1213052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Ocimum sanctum L. (Tulsi; Family: libiaceae), also known as "The Queen of herbs" or "Holy Basil," is an omnipresent, multipurpose plant that has been used in folk medicine of many countries as a remedy against several pathological conditions, including anticancer, antidiabetic, cardio-protective, antispasmodic, diaphoretic, and adaptogenic actions. This study aims to assess O. sanctum L.'s hepatoprotective potential against galactosamine-induced toxicity, as well as investigate bioactive compounds in each extract and identify serum metabolites. The extraction of O. sanctum L as per Ayurveda was simultaneously standardized and quantified for biochemical markers: rutin, ellagic acid, kaempferol, caffeic acid, quercetin, and epicatechin by HPTLC. Hepatotoxicity was induced albino adult rats by intra-peritoneal injection of galactosamine (400 mg/kg). The quantified hydroalcoholic and alcoholic extract of O. sanctum L (100 and 200 mg/kg body weight/day) were compared for evaluation of hepatoprotective potential, which were assessed in terms of reduction in histological damage, change in serum enzymes such as AST, ALT, ALP and increase TBARS. Twenty chemical constituents of serum metabolites of O. sanctum were identified and characterized based on matching recorded mass spectra by GC-MS with those obtained from the library-Wiley/NIST. We evaluated the hepatoprotective activity of various fractions of hydroalcoholic extracts based on the polarity and investigated the activity at each phase (hexane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate) in vitro to determine how they affected the toxicity of CCL4 (40 mM) toward Chang liver cells. The ethyl acetate fraction of the selected plants had a higher hepatoprotective activity than the other fractions, so it was used in vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC). The ethyl acetate fraction contains high amounts of rutin (0.34% w/w), ellagic acid (2.32% w/w), kaempferol (0.017% w/w), caffeic acid (0.005% w/w), quercetin (0.038% w/w), and epicatechin (0.057% w/w) which are responsible for hepatoprotection. In comparison to standard silymarin, isolated bioactive molecules displayed the most significant hepatoprotective activity in Chang liver cells treated to CCl4 toxicity. The significant high hepatoprotection provided by standard silymarin ranged from 77.6% at 100 μg/ml to 83.95% at 200 μg/ml, purified ellagic acid ranged from 70% at 100 μg/ml to 81.33% at 200 μg/ml, purified rutin ranged from 63.4% at 100 μg/ml to 76.34% at 200 μg/ml purified quercetin ranged from 54.33% at 100 μg/ml to 60.64% at 200 μg/ml, purified epicatechin ranged from 53.22% at 100 μg/ml to 65.6% at 200 μg/ml, and purified kaempferol ranged from 52.17% at 100 μg/ml to 60.34% at 200 μg/ml. These findings suggest that the bioactive compounds in O. sanctum L. have significant protective effects against galactosamine-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemah O. Kamel
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahid Karim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Duaa Abdullah Omer Bafail
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hibah Mubarak Aldawsari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabna Kotta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - U. K. Ilyas
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Moulana College of Pharmacy, Perinthalmanna, Kerala, India
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Mirenayat FS, Hajhashemy Z, Siavash M, Saneei P. Effects of sumac supplementation on metabolic markers in adults with metabolic syndrome: a triple-blinded randomized placebo-controlled cross-over clinical trial. Nutr J 2023; 22:25. [PMID: 37189189 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-023-00854-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the prior evidence of the impacts of sumac on glycemic indices, lipid profile and visceral fat, there is a lack of evidence regarding the efficacy of sumac in cases with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Therefore, we aimed to assess the effect of sumac supplementation on MetS markers among adults with this syndrome. METHODS In this triple-blinded randomized placebo-controlled cross-over clinical trial 47 adults with MetS were randomly assigned to receive 500 mg sumac or placebo (lactose) capsule, twice a day. Each phase took 6 weeks and there was a 2-week washout between phases. All clinical evaluations and laboratory tests were conducted before and after each phase. RESULTS At the baseline of the study, mean (± SD) age, weight, and waist circumference of participants were respectively 58.7 (± 5.8) yr, 79.9 (± 14.3) kg, and 107.6 (± 10.8) cm. Intention to treat analysis (ITT) analyses revealed that sumac supplementation decreased systolic blood pressure by 5 mmHg (128.8 ± 21.4 at the baseline vs. 123.2 ± 17.6 after 6 weeks intervention, P = 0.001). The comparison of changes in two trial arms showed that sumac supplementation significantly reduced systolic blood pressure (sumac group -5.59 ± 10.6 vs. control group 0.76 ± 10.5, P = 0.004), but did not change anthropometric indices or diastolic blood pressure. Similar results were also found in the per-protocol analyses. CONCLUSIONS This cross-over trial revealed that sumac supplementation could reduce systolic blood pressure in men and women with MetS. Daily intake of 1000 mg sumac, as an adjuvant therapy, may be beneficial in management of MetS in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fateme Sadat Mirenayat
- Student Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 81745-151, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Hajhashemy
- Student Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 81745-151, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mansour Siavash
- Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parvane Saneei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 81745-151, Isfahan, Iran.
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Saeed RA, Khan MI, Butt MS, Faisal MN. Phytochemical screening of Prunus avium for its antioxidative and anti-mutagenic potential against DMBA-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1132356. [PMID: 37266135 PMCID: PMC10231329 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1132356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Scope Prunus avium fruit is the richer source of phenolics known to exert anticancer and anti-invasive activities. The study aimed at elucidating antiproliferative and chemo-preventive potential of sweet cherries (P. avium) against the in vivo hepatocarcinoma model. Methods and results The quantification of ultrasound-assisted extract (UAE) of P. avium depicted anthocyanins, ferulic acid, gallic acid, quercetin, syringic acid and p- and m-coumaric acids as major phytochemicals. The hepatocarcinoma (HCC) was induced in rats through intraperitoneal administration of DMBA (20 mg/kg B.W) once a week for the period of eight weeks. The intragastric administration of P. avium UAE, as cotreatment (500 mg/Kg B.W) to treatment group, significantly (p < 0.01) attenuated the raised serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) as well as total oxidative stress (TOS) and enhanced total antioxidant capacity TAOC in contrast to diseased rats. Moreover, microscopic examination of hepatic tissues confirmed the pleomorphism, nests of neoplastic hepatocytes and necrosis in HCC-bearing rats as compared to extract-fed rats, where these necrotic changes were suppressed. Besides, qRT-PCR analysis of hepatic tissues demonstrated the higher mRNA expression of CHEK1, CHEK2 and P21/CDKN1α genes, while downexpression of ATM gene in extract fed rats, further denoting the anti-mutagenic potential. Conclusion Consequently, the polyphenol-rich sweet cherries UAE exhibited antiproliferative and chemo-preventive potential by reducing tumor biomarkers, serum transaminases and oxidative stress, as well as enhancing antioxidant status. It further upregulated the downstream targets of ATM signaling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raakia Anam Saeed
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Issa Khan
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Masood Sadiq Butt
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naeem Faisal
- Institute of Pharmacy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Wang W, Xu C, Wang Q, Hussain MA, Wang C, Hou J, Jiang Z. Protective Effect of Polyphenols, Protein, Peptides, and Polysaccharides on Alcoholic Liver Disease: A Review of Research Status and Molecular Mechanisms. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37001022 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) has emerged as an important public health problem in the world. The polyphenols, protein, peptides, and polysaccharides have attracted attention for prevention or treatment of ALD. Therefore, this paper reviews the pathogenesis of ALD, the relationship between polyphenols, peptides, polysaccharides, and ALD, and expounds the mechanism of gut microbiota on protecting ALD. It is mainly found that the hydroxyl group of polyphenols endows it with antioxidation to protect ALD. The ALD protection of bioactive peptides is related to amino acid composition. The ALD protection of polysaccharides is related to the primary structure. Meanwhile, polyphenols, protein, peptides, and polysaccharides prevent or treat ALD by antioxidation, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptosis, lipid metabolism, and gut microbiota regulation. This contribution provides updated information on polyphenols, protein, peptides, and polysaccharides in response to ALD, which will not only facilitate the development of novel bioactive components but also the future application of functional food raw materials will be promoted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Cong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Qingyun Wang
- Beidahuang Wondersun Dairy Co., Ltd., Harbin 150090, China
| | - Muhammad Altaf Hussain
- Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Science Uthal, Balochistan 90150, Pakistan
| | - Changyuan Wang
- College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Juncai Hou
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zhanmei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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Zhang C, Song Y, Yuan M, Chen L, Zhang Q, Hu J, Meng Y, Li S, Zheng G, Qiu Z. Ellagitannins-Derived Intestinal Microbial Metabolite Urolithin A Ameliorates Fructose-Driven Hepatosteatosis by Suppressing Hepatic Lipid Metabolic Reprogramming and Inducing Lipophagy. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:3967-3980. [PMID: 36825491 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c05776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Excessive fructose consumption exacerbates the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by disrupting hepatic lipid homeostasis. This study sought to evaluate the efficacy of urolithin A (UroA) in a fructose-induced NAFLD mouse model. UroA was administered in the high-fructose-fed mice to investigate the antisteatotic effects in vivo. Fructose-stimulated HepG2 cells and primary hepatocytes were established for in vitro mechanistic assessment. The results suggested that UroA ameliorated fructose-induced hepatic steatosis in mice. Mechanistically, UroA impaired lipogenesis and enhanced β-oxidation in the livers of fructose-fed mice. Notably, UroA facilitated hepatic lipophagy through the AMPK/ULK1 pathway both in vivo and in vitro, degrading lipid droplets for fueling β-oxidation. This study indicates that UroA alleviates excessive lipid accumulation and restores lipid homeostasis in the livers of fructose-fed mice by suppressing lipid metabolic reprogramming and triggering lipophagy. Therefore, dietary supplementation of UroA or ellagitannins-rich foods may be beneficial for NAFLD individuals with high fructose intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Song
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Yuan
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianyu Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjie Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Meng
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, People's Republic of China
| | - Guohua Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resource and Compound Prescription, Ministry of Education, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenpeng Qiu
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Resources and Chemistry of Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, People's Republic of China
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12
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Manna K, Khan ZS, Saha M, Mishra S, Gaikwad N, Bhakta JN, Banerjee K, Das Saha K. Manjari Medika Grape Seed Extract Protects Methotrexate-Induced Hepatic Inflammation: Involvement of NF-κB/NLRP3 and Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling System. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:467-492. [PMID: 36785716 PMCID: PMC9922067 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s338888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Grape Seed Extract is a natural source of various polyphenols, which have been shown to possess potent antioxidant and free radical-scavenging activities. The earlier studies have reported that grape seed extract exhibits broad-spectrum pharmacological activities. Therefore, studying the hepatoprotective effects and elucidation of mechanisms of action of the Indian Variety, Manjari Medika grape seed extract (GSE), may give an insight into therapeutic benefits. Methotrexate (MTX) is the first-line pharmacological therapy for different rheumatic diseases. The major adverse events such as hepatotoxicity are evident even in the low doses used for the treatment. The present study investigated the role of MTX on hepatic damage in murine liver and the plausible protective effects of the Indian grape variety, Manjari Medika grape seed extract, in ameliorating it. Methods and Results To assess the hepatological modulation, mice were divided into eight groups to investigate the ameliorative potential of this GSE (75 and 125 mg/kg) and correlate the experimental findings. The active components of the extract were assessed through UPLC-(ESI)-QToF-MS analysis. On the other hand, various biochemical and immunological indices were carried out to correlate the experimental data. The result demonstrated that the prophylactic administration of GSE reduced MTX-induced hepatic toxicity indices, which subsequently restored the hepatic morphological architecture. Moreover, the application of GSE in a dual dosage (75 and 125 mg/kg) suppressed MTX-induced reactive oxygen species generation, followed by lipid peroxidation and cellular nitrite formation. MTX-induced inflammasome activation through the redox-assisted cascade of TLR4/NF-κB signaling was further reduced by applying the GSE. The results showed that the activation of cytoprotective transcription factor Nrf2 enhanced the level of endogenous antioxidants. Furthermore, through the regulation of TLR4/NF-κB and Nrf2/HO-1 axis, this extract could reduce the MTX-mediated hepatic damage. Conclusion Our findings suggest that Manjari Medika seed extract could be used as a therapeutic agent to relieve the side effects of MTX and other hepatic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnendu Manna
- Department of Food & Nutrition, University of Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Zareen S Khan
- National Referral Laboratory, ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune, Maharashtra, 412307, India
| | - Moumita Saha
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India
| | - Snehasis Mishra
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India
| | - Nilesh Gaikwad
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Pomegranate, Solapur, Maharashtra, 413255, India
| | - Jatindra Nath Bhakta
- Department of Food & Nutrition, University of Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Kaushik Banerjee
- National Referral Laboratory, ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune, Maharashtra, 412307, India,Kaushik Banerjee, National Referral Laboratory, ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune, Maharashtra, 412307, India, Email
| | - Krishna Das Saha
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India,Correspondence: Krishna Das Saha, Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India, Tel +91 33 2499 5810, Fax +91 33 2473 5197, Email
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13
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Pyrzanowska J. The toxic contaminants of Aspalathus linearis plant material as well as herb-drug interactions may constitute the health risk factors in daily rooibos tea consumers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2023; 33:129-142. [PMID: 34823434 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2021.2009780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Rooibos tea is brewed using Aspalathus linearis plant material sensitive to environmental contamination. This review covers the safety data from preclinical experiments as well as human studies and delivers a report on its hepatic activity. In vitro tea investigation reveals antioxidative and anti-mutagenic features and ability to modulate microsomal enzymes. In rodent research, it exerts protective or neutral impact on liver functions and morphology, yet several human case reports suggest possible acute hepatic damage. Summarizing rooibos consumption seems to be safe in terms of hepatotoxicity; however, there may be designated a group of consumers with higher risk of liver irritation. The contamination of plant material may contribute to herb-induced liver injury. Due to the impact on CYPs, there is a possible risk of herb-drug interactions affecting bioavailability of some co-administered medicines. Caution should be exercised in patients receiving the treatment with allopathic medicines to avoid untoward alteration of drug plasma concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Pyrzanowska
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology CePT, Warsaw, Poland
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14
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Wang W, Shang H, Li J, Ma Y, Xu C, Ma J, Hou J, Jiang Z. Four Different Structural Dietary Polyphenols, Especially Dihydromyricetin, Possess Superior Protective Effect on Ethanol-Induced ICE-6 and AML-12 Cytotoxicity: The Role of CYP2E1 and Keap1-Nrf2 Pathways. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:1518-1530. [PMID: 36637065 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c06478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenols have received attention as dietary supplements for the relief of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) due to various bioactivities. Ethanol-induced rat small intestinal epithelial cell 6 (IEC-6) and alpha mouse liver 12 (AML-12) cell models were pretreated with four dietary polyphenols with different structures to explore their effects on cytotoxicity and potential protective mechanisms. The results showed that polyphenols had potential functions to inhibit ethanol-induced AML-12 and IEC-6 cell damage and oxidative stress, and restore ethanol-induced IEC-6 permeability and tight junction gene expression. Especially, dihydromyricetin (DMY) had the best protective effect on ethanol-induced cytotoxicity, followed by apigenin (API). Western blot results showed that DMY and API had the best ability to inhibit CYP2E1 and Keap1, and promote nuclear translocation of Nrf2, which might be the potential mechanism by which DMY and API attenuate ethanol-induced cytotoxicity. Moreover, the molecular docking results predicted that DMY and API could bind more tightly to the amino acid residues of CYP2E1 and Keap1, which might be one of the inhibitory modes of dietary polyphenols on CYP2E1 and Keap1. This study provided a rationale for the subsequent protective effect of dietary polyphenols on alcohol-induced liver injury in animal models and provided new clues on bioactive components for ALD-protection based on the gut-liver axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Northeast Agricultural University, College of Food Science, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Hang Shang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Northeast Agricultural University, College of Food Science, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jinzhe Li
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Northeast Agricultural University, College of Food Science, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yue Ma
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Northeast Agricultural University, College of Food Science, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Cong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Northeast Agricultural University, College of Food Science, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jiage Ma
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Northeast Agricultural University, College of Food Science, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Juncai Hou
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Northeast Agricultural University, College of Food Science, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zhanmei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Northeast Agricultural University, College of Food Science, Harbin 150030, China
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15
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Daud M, Majeed W, Awan AM, Aslam B, Abdullah M, Syed M, Iqbal H, Roobi A, Kanwal HA, Aslam N. Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Activities of Acacia jacquemontii Stem Extract against High-fat and CCl4-induced Liver Injury in Rat's Model. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2023; 23:77-85. [PMID: 35747973 DOI: 10.2174/1871530322666220623122633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic liver injury leads to liver inflammation and fibrosis, activating myofibroblasts in the liver and secreting extracellular matrix proteins that make the fibrous scar. OBJECTIVES The purpose of our study was to characterize the polyphenolic content present in Acacia jacquemontii stem and evaluate its antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity. METHODS The phenolic contents in Acacia jacquemontii polyphenolic extract (AJPPE) were characterized using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of AJPPE were determined through biochemical parameters (ALT, AST, and ALP), lipid profile (TC, TG, HDL, and LDL), antioxidant biomarkers (SOD, LPO, GSH, and CAT), anti-fibrotic activity (collagen deposition), and histopathological analysis. RESULTS HPLC analysis of AJPPE showed the presence of polyphenols, including chlorogenic acid, P-coumaric acid, caffeic acid, and kaempferol, in a remarkable therapeutic range. Results of the in vivo analysis showed a significant decrease in the level of lipid profile, including LDL (low-density lipoprotein), TC (total cholesterol), triglycerides, liver function markers (AST, ALT, and ALP), collagen deposition and significantly increased the level of anti-oxidative biomarkers (CAT, SOD, LPO, and GSH) by using AJPPE. CONCLUSION The above-mentioned results have shown that AJPPE possesses significant antioxidative and hepatoprotective effects. Furthermore, histopathological results also supported the antioxidant and hepatoprotective potential of AJPPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Daud
- Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Wafa Majeed
- Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.,Department of Pharmacy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ambreen Mehmood Awan
- Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Bilal Aslam
- Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Abdullah
- Cholistan Institute of Desert Studies, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Mahnoor Syed
- Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Hafsa Iqbal
- Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Alishbah Roobi
- Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Hafiza Arooj Kanwal
- Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Noreen Aslam
- Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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16
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Regulation of Cholesterol Metabolism by Phytochemicals Derived from Algae and Edible Mushrooms in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213667. [PMID: 36430146 PMCID: PMC9697193 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol synthesis occurs in almost all cells, but mainly in hepatocytes in the liver. Cholesterol is garnering increasing attention for its central role in various metabolic diseases. In addition, cholesterol is one of the most essential elements for cells as both a structural source and a player participating in various metabolic pathways. Accurate regulation of cholesterol is necessary for the proper metabolism of fats in the body. Disturbances in cholesterol homeostasis have been linked to various metabolic diseases, such as hyperlipidemia and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). For many years, the use of synthetic chemical drugs has been effective against many health conditions. Furthermore, from ancient to modern times, various plant-based drugs have been considered local medicines, playing important roles in human health. Phytochemicals are bioactive natural compounds that are derived from medicinal plants, fruit, vegetables, roots, leaves, and flowers and are used to treat a variety of diseases. They include flavonoids, carotenoids, polyphenols, polysaccharides, vitamins, and more. Many of these compounds have been proven to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiobesity and antihypercholesteremic activity. The multifaceted role of phytochemicals may provide health benefits to humans with regard to the treatment and control of cholesterol metabolism and the diseases associated with this disorder, such as NAFLD. In recent years, global environmental climate change, the COVID-19 pandemic, the current war in Europe, and other conflicts have threatened food security and human nutrition worldwide. This further emphasizes the urgent need for sustainable sources of functional phytochemicals to be included in the food industry and dietary habits. This review summarizes the latest findings on selected phytochemicals from sustainable sources-algae and edible mushrooms-that affect the synthesis and metabolism of cholesterol and improve or prevent NAFLD.
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17
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Patel K, Patel DK. The Potential Therapeutic Properties of Prunetin against Human Health Complications: A Review of Medicinal Importance and Pharmacological Activities. DRUG METABOLISM AND BIOANALYSIS LETTERS 2022; 15:166-177. [PMID: 36098409 DOI: 10.2174/2949681015666220912104743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds found to be present in nature and abundant in flowers and fruits. Flavonoidal class phytochemicals have gained interest in the scientific field because of their important pharmacological activities. Several scientific studies have revealed anti-bacterial, anti-oxidant, anti-fungal, analgesic, anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-parasitic and anti-allergic activities of flavonoidal class phytochemicals. Prunetin is an O-methylated isoflavone that belongs to the phytochemical phytoestrogen class, found to be present in licorice, red cherry, soybean and legumes. METHODS Biological potential and pharmacological activities of prunetin have been investigated in the present work through scientific data analysis of numerous scientific research works. Numerous literature databases have been searched in order to collect the scientific information on prunetin in the present work. Pharmacological activities of prunetin have been investigated in the present work through literature data analysis of different scientific research works. Scientific data have been collected from Google Scholar, Google, PubMed, Science Direct and Scopus. Analytical data on prunetin has been collected from literature sources and analyzed in the present work. RESULTS Scientific data analysis revealed the biological importance of prunetin in medicine. Prunetin was found to be present in the pea, peach, Oregon cherry, skimmed cheese, cheese, cow kefir and goat kefir. Prunetin is also present in the Prunus avium, Andira surinamensis, Butea superba, Dalbergia sympathetica, Ficus nervosa, Pterospartum tridentatum and Pycnanthus angolensis. Pharmacological data analysis revealed the biological importance of prunetin on bone disorders, cancers, especially hepatocellular carcinoma, urinary bladder cancer, gastric cancer, ovarian cancer, human airway, gut health and enzymes. Scientific data analysis revealed biological effectiveness of prunetin for their angiogenic effects, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, antimicrobial, estrogenic and vasorelaxant potential. Analytical data revealed the importance of modern analytical techniques for qualitative and quantitative analysis of prunetin in the scientific fields. CONCLUSION Scientific data analysis in the present investigation revealed the biological importance and pharmacological activities of prunetin in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pardesh, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pardesh, India
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18
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Polyphenols in Metabolic Diseases. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196280. [PMID: 36234817 PMCID: PMC9570923 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols (PPs) are a large group of phytochemicals containing phenolic rings with two or more hydroxyl groups. They possess powerful antioxidant properties, multiple therapeutic effects, and possible health benefits in vivo and in vitro, as well as reported clinical studies. Considering their free-radical scavenging and anti-inflammatory properties, these substances can be used to treat different kinds of conditions associated with metabolic disorders. Many symptoms of metabolic syndrome (MtS), including obesity, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, elevated blood sugar, accelerating aging, liver intoxication, hypertension, as well as cancer and neurodegenerative disorders, are substantially relieved by dietary PPs. The present study explores the bioprotective properties and associated underlying mechanisms of PPs. A detailed understanding of these natural compounds will open up new opportunities for producing unique natural PP-rich dietary and medicinal plans, ultimately affirming their health benefits.
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19
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Murata M, Marugame Y, Yamada S, Lin I, Yamashita S, Fujimura Y, Tachibana H. Circulating miRNA profiles in mice plasma following flavonoid intake. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:10399-10407. [PMID: 36098884 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07918-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polyphenols, including flavonoids, have been the focus of numerous studies that have revealed diverse health benefits. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) constitute a class of small non-coding RNAs that function as posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression. miRNAs can be detected in the blood and these so-called circulating miRNAs are potential biomarkers of various diseases. This study aimed to explore circulating miRNAs in plasma as a means to predict the biological effects of functional food ingredients. METHODS AND RESULTS We used miRNA microarray analysis to compare plasma miRNA levels in mice orally administered three flavonoids (daidzein, quercetin, and delphinidin). Several miRNAs were differentially expressed in plasma from mice in each treatment group compared with the vehicle-treated group. The plasma levels of miR-25-5p, miR-146b-5p, and miR-501-3p were increased in the flavonoid-treated and the plasma levels of miR-148b-3p, miR-669e-5p, and miR-3962 were decreased. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested that flavonoids alter miRNA expression in plasma and identified promising plasma miRNAs for assessing the functionality of flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoki Murata
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
- Advanced Research Support Center (ADRES), Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
| | - Yuki Marugame
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Shuhei Yamada
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Ichian Lin
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Shuya Yamashita
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Fujimura
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Tachibana
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
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20
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Food and Gut Microbiota-Derived Metabolites in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Foods 2022; 11:foods11172703. [PMID: 36076888 PMCID: PMC9455821 DOI: 10.3390/foods11172703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet and lifestyle are crucial factors that influence the susceptibility of humans to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Personalized diet patterns chronically affect the composition and activity of microbiota in the human gut; consequently, nutrition-related dysbiosis exacerbates NAFLD via the gut–liver axis. Recent advances in diagnostic technology for gut microbes and microbiota-derived metabolites have led to advances in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of NAFLD. Microbiota-derived metabolites, including tryptophan, short-chain fatty acid, fat, fructose, or bile acid, regulate the pathophysiology of NAFLD. The microbiota metabolize nutrients, and metabolites are closely related to the development of NAFLD. In this review, we discuss the influence of nutrients, gut microbes, their corresponding metabolites, and metabolism in the pathogenesis of NAFLD.
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21
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Antioxidant Capacities and Polyphenol Contents of Kombucha Beverages Based on Vine Tea and Sweet Tea. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091655. [PMID: 36139729 PMCID: PMC9495320 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Kombucha beverage is commonly prepared by black tea infusion fermentation without tea residues, and possesses various health benefits. In this paper, kombucha beverages of two non-Camellia sinensis teas, including vine tea (Ampelopsisgrossedentata) and sweet tea (Rubus suavissimus), were studied for the first time. The antioxidant activities and polyphenol contents of kombucha beverages were evaluated by ferric-reducing antioxidant power assay, Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity assay, and Folin-Ciocalteu method, respectively. In addition, effects of tea residues on antioxidant capacities of kombucha beverages were evaluated. The results showed that kombucha beverages from vine tea and sweet tea possessed strong antioxidant activities (especially vine tea kombucha), and fermentation with tea residues could significantly increase antioxidant capacities (maximum increase of 38%) and total phenolic content (maximum increase of 55%) of two kombucha beverages compared with those without tea residues. Moreover, the sensory evaluations showed that the sensory evaluation scores of kombucha with tea residues could be improved compared with those without tea residues. Furthermore, the concentrations of several bioactive components in the kombucha beverages were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography. These kombucha beverages could be used for prevention of several diseases with related of oxidative stress.
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22
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Li WQ, Liu WH, Qian D, Liu J, Zhou SQ, Zhang L, Peng W, Su L, Zhang H. Traditional Chinese medicine: An important source for discovering candidate agents against hepatic fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:962525. [PMID: 36081936 PMCID: PMC9445813 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.962525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis (HF) refers to the pathophysiological process of connective tissue dysplasia in the liver caused by various pathogenic factors. Nowadays, HF is becoming a severe threat to the health of human being. However, the drugs available for treating HF are limited. Currently, increasing natural agents derived from traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) have been found to be beneficial for HF. A systemic literature search was conducted from PubMed, GeenMedical, Sci-Hub, CNKI, Google Scholar and Baidu Scholar, with the keywords of “traditional Chinese medicine,” “herbal medicine,” “natural agents,” “liver diseases,” and “hepatic fibrosis.” So far, more than 76 natural monomers have been isolated and identified from the TCMs with inhibitory effect on HF, including alkaloids, flavones, quinones, terpenoids, saponins, phenylpropanoids, and polysaccharides, etc. The anti-hepatic fibrosis effects of these compounds include hepatoprotection, inhibition of hepatic stellate cells (HSC) activation, regulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis & secretion, regulation of autophagy, and antioxidant & anti-inflammation, etc. Natural compounds and extracts from TCMs are promising agents for the prevention and treatment of HF, and this review would be of great significance to development of novel drugs for treating HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Qing Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Hao Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Tenth People’s Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Die Qian
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jia Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shi-Qiong Zhou
- Hospital of Nursing, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Peng, ; Li Su, ; Hong Zhang,
| | - Li Su
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Peng, ; Li Su, ; Hong Zhang,
| | - Hong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Peng, ; Li Su, ; Hong Zhang,
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23
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Sabir U, Irfan HM, Alamgeer, Umer I, Niazi ZR, Asjad HMM. Phytochemicals targeting NAFLD through modulating the dual function of forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) transcription factor signaling pathways. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2022; 395:741-755. [PMID: 35357518 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02234-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Literature evidence reveals that natural compounds are potential candidates for ameliorating obesity-associated non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by targeting forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) transcription factor. FOXO1 has a dual and complex role in regulating both increase and decrease in lipid accumulation in hepatocytes and adipose tissues (AT) at different stages of NAFLD. In insulin resistance (IR), it is constitutively expressed, resulting in increased hepatic glucose output and lipid metabolism irregularity. The studies on different phytochemicals indicate that dysregulation of FOXO1 causes disturbance in cellular nutrients homeostasis, and the natural entities have an enduring impact on the mitigation of these abnormalities. The current review communicates and evaluates certain phytochemicals through different search engines, targeting FOXO1 and its downstream cellular pathways to find lead compounds as potential therapeutic agents for treating NAFLD and related metabolic disorders. The findings of this review confirm that polyphenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, and anthocyanins are capable of modulating FOXO1 and associated signaling pathways, and they are potential therapeutic agents for NAFLD and related complications. HIGHLIGHTS: • FOXO1 has the potential to be targeted by novel drugs from natural sources for the treatment of NAFLD and obesity. • FOXO1 regulates cellular autophagy, inflammation, oxidative stress, and lipogenesis through alternative mechanisms. • Phytochemicals treat NAFLD by acting on FOXO1 or SREBP1c and PPARγ transcription factor signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Sabir
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Muhammad Irfan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan.
| | - Alamgeer
- Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ihtisham Umer
- Pharmacy Department, Comsat International University Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
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Olechno E, Puścion-Jakubik A, Zujko ME. Chokeberry (A. melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott)—A Natural Product for Metabolic Disorders? Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132688. [PMID: 35807867 PMCID: PMC9268775 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal metabolism of substances in the body can result in metabolic disorders which include obesity, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, liver disease, or cancer. Foods rich in antioxidants can help to prevent and treat various types of disorders. Chokeberry fruits are rich in polyphenols, especially cyanidins, and therefore, can show a beneficial health effect. The aim of this study was to summarize and systematize reports about the effects of chokeberry on various metabolic parameters. Studies from 2000 to 2021, published in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases, were reviewed. The review of studies shows that chokeberry may have a positive effect in dyslipidemia and hypertension and may increase the body’s antioxidant defense mechanisms. The anti-inflammatory effect, in turn, may translate into a reduction in the risk of metabolic disorders over a longer period of use. Changes in glucose levels were reported by studies in which the intervention lasted more than 10 weeks in patients with carbohydrate metabolism disorders. The effects of protecting the liver, inhibiting platelet aggregation, lowering uric acid levels, and having a protective effect on the kidneys require additional confirmation in human clinical trials. Consumption of chokeberry fruit did not impact on anthropometric measurements; however, it seems that chokeberry fruit can be recommended in many metabolic disorders due to the richness of bioactive ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Olechno
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Faculty of Health Science, Medical University of Białystok, Szpitalna 37 Street, 15-295 Białystok, Poland; (E.O.); (M.E.Z.)
| | - Anna Puścion-Jakubik
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2D Street, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-85-748-54-69
| | - Małgorzata Elżbieta Zujko
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Faculty of Health Science, Medical University of Białystok, Szpitalna 37 Street, 15-295 Białystok, Poland; (E.O.); (M.E.Z.)
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25
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Mondal S, Das S, Mahapatra PK, Saha KD. Morin encapsulated chitosan nanoparticles (MCNPs) ameliorate arsenic induced liver damage through improvement of the antioxidant system and prevention of apoptosis and inflammation in mice. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:2857-2872. [PMID: 36132010 PMCID: PMC9419452 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00167e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to arsenic over a period of time induces toxicity, primarily in the liver but gradually in all systems of the body. Morin hydrate (MH; 2',3,4',5,7-pentahydroxyflavone), a potent flavonoid abundantly present in plants of the Moraceae family, is thought to be a major bioactive compound that may be used to prevent a wide range of disease pathologies including hepatotoxicity. Therapeutic applications of morin (MOR) are however seriously constrained because of its insolubility, poor bioavailability, high metabolism and rapid elimination from the human body. Nanoformulation of MOR is a possible solution to these problems. In the present study we investigated the effectiveness of morin encapsulated chitosan nanoparticles (MCNPs) against arsenic induced liver damage in mice. MNCPs with an average diameter of 124.5 nm, a zeta potential of +16.2 mV and an encapsulation efficiency of 78% were prepared. Co-treatment of MOR and MCNPs by oral gavage on alternate days reduced the serum levels of AST, ALT, and ALP that were elevated in arsenic treated mice. The efficiency of MCNPs was found to be nearly 4 times higher than that of free MOR. Haematological and serum biochemical parameters including lipid profiles altered by arsenic were normalized following MCNP treatment. Arsenic deposition was lowered in the presence of MCNPs. Administration of MCNPs markedly inhibited ROS generation and elevated MDA levels in arsenic exposed mice. The level of hepatic antioxidant factors such as nuclear Nrf2 (Nrf2), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), GSH peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and NADPH quinone oxidoreductase 1(NQO1) were markedly enhanced in the arsenic + MCNP group. Treatment by MCNPs prevented the arsenic induced damage of tissue histology. Also, MCNPs suppressed the arsenic induced pro- and anti-apoptotic parameters and attenuated the level of inflammatory mediators. Our data suggest that MCNPs are good hepatoprotective agents compared to free morin against arsenic induced toxicity and the protective effect results from its strong antioxidant, antiapoptotic and anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanchaita Mondal
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road Kolkata-700032 West Bengal India
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University 188, Raja S.C. Mullick Road Kolkata-700032 West Bengal India
| | - Sujata Das
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road Kolkata-700032 West Bengal India
| | - Pradip Kumar Mahapatra
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University 188, Raja S.C. Mullick Road Kolkata-700032 West Bengal India
| | - Krishna Das Saha
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road Kolkata-700032 West Bengal India
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26
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Dietary phytochemical consumption is inversely associated with liver alkaline phosphatase in Middle Eastern adults. World J Hepatol 2022. [DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v14.i5.1007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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27
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Darabi Z, Webb RJ, Mozaffari-Khosravi H, Mirzaei M, Davies IG, Khayyatzadeh SS, Mazidi M. Dietary phytochemical consumption is inversely associated with liver alkaline phosphatase in Middle Eastern adults. World J Hepatol 2022; 14:1006-1015. [PMID: 35721289 PMCID: PMC9157700 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v14.i5.1006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hepatoprotective effects of phytochemicals are controversial. A dietary phytochemical index (DPI) has been suggested as an alternative method for quantifying the phytochemical content of foods.
AIM To assess the DPI in relation to liver function tests among a representative sample of Iranian adults.
METHODS A total of 5111 participants aged 35-70 years old were included in this cross-sectional study by a multistage cluster random sampling method. Dietary intakes were collected by a validated and reliable food frequency questionnaire with 121 items. DPI was calculated by the percent of daily energy intake taken from phytochemical-rich foods. Fasting serum concentrations of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) were determined. Linear regression was used to investigate the association between DPI and levels of liver enzymes using crude and adjusted models.
RESULTS There was an inverse association between DPI score and serum ALP in the crude model (β = -0.05; P < 0.001). This association remained significant after adjustment for body mass index, age, smoking, energy intake, history of diabetes, and education (β = -0.03; P = 0.01). No significant associations were found between DPI score and serum levels of AST, ALT, and GGT. The individuals with the highest DPI scores consumed significantly higher amounts of fruits, vegetables, legumes, nuts, and cereals, yet were shown to have significantly higher serum total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, as well as several other metabolic abnormalities.
CONCLUSION Higher adherence to phytochemical-rich foods was associated with lower levels of ALP, but no change in other liver enzymes. Those with higher DPI scores also consumed food items associated with a healthier overall dietary pattern; however, they also presented several unexpected metabolic derangements. Additional randomised trials are needed to better determine the effects of phytochemical-rich foods on liver function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Darabi
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Richard James Webb
- School of Health Sciences, Liverpool Hope University, Liverpool L16 9JD, United Kingdom
| | - Hassan Mozaffari-Khosravi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoghi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Masoud Mirzaei
- Yazd Cardiovascular Research Centre, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Ian Glynn Davies
- School of Sports and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University, IM Marsh Campus, Barkhill Road, Liverpool L17 6AF, United Kingdom
| | - Sayyed Saeid Khayyatzadeh
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mohsen Mazidi
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, United Kingdom
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King’s college London, South Wing St Thomas', London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
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Nwakiban Atchan A, Shivashankara ST, Piazza S, Tchamgoue AD, Beretta G, Dell’Agli M, Magni P, Agbor GA, Kuiaté JR, Manjappara UV. Polyphenol-Rich Extracts of Xylopia and Aframomum Species Show Metabolic Benefits by Lowering Hepatic Lipid Accumulation in Diet-Induced Obese Mice. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:11914-11928. [PMID: 35449947 PMCID: PMC9016817 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a complex condition associated with a series of pathologies featuring glucose intolerance, diabetes, high blood pressure, dyslipidemia, microalbuminuria, overweight, and obesity. It is also related to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), recognized as the most familiar cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. The overall prevalence of metabolic syndrome and, consequently, the one of NAFLD is constantly increasing worldwide. The initial management of these diseases involves lifestyle modifications, including changes in diet and physical exercise. In addition to conventional drugs like orlistat, botanicals are traditionally used to counteract these disorders, and some of them are currently under evaluation. The present work evaluated the in vivo beneficial effects of hydroalcoholic extracts of two Cameroonian spices, focusing on obesity-related hepatic lipid injury in high-fat-fed C57BL/6 mice. Hydroethanolic extracts were prepared and characterized by reverse phase-high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-photodiode array detection and ultra performance liquid chromatography-triple time-of-flight electrospray ionization tandem mass spectroscopy (TOF-ESI-MS/MS) analysis. Plant extracts were orally administered for 30 days at different dose levels (100 and 200 mg kg-1 body weight (BW)) to obese C57BL/6 mice. Food intake (FI) and BW were recorded daily. Plasma biochemical parameters and lipid content were estimated at the beginning and at the end of the experiment. Liver tissues were subjected to histological examinations, lipid content, as well as oxidative stress markers, and FAME (fatty acid methyl esters) were estimated. Oral administration of extracts at 200 mg kg-1 BW significantly reduced FI and prevented BW gain. A decrease in the weight of the liver and a decrease in the hepatic and plasma lipid content were observed. Plasma enzyme (serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, SGOT; serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, SGPT; alkaline phosphatase, ALP) activities were not indicative of any organ damage. Chemical analysis suggested that phenolic acids (4-caffeoylquinic acid, p-coumaric acid 4-O-glucoside, 5-caffeoylshikimic acid, caffeic acid hexose, and 4-O-methyl gallic acid) and flavonoids (morusin derivatives, naringenin-7-O-glucoside, and homoisoflavanone) identified in the extracts could potentially justify the biological properties observed. The main findings of this study showed that Xylopia parviflora (A. Rich.) Benth and Aframomum citratum (Pereira ex Oliv. et Hanb.) K. Shum decreased hepatic lipid accumulation in high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obese C57BL/6 mice and confirmed, at least in part, our previous in vitro and ex vivo studies. The molecular mechanisms underlying these effects are still unclear and will be explored in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shilpa Talkad Shivashankara
- Department
of Lipid Science, CSIR-Central Food Technological
Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysore 570 020, India
| | - Stefano Piazza
- Department
of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Armelle Deutou Tchamgoue
- Centre
for Research on Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants
Studies, P.O. Box 13033, Yaoundé 13033, Cameroon
| | - Giangiacomo Beretta
- Department
of Environmental Science and Policy, Università
degli Studi di Milano, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Mario Dell’Agli
- Department
of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Paolo Magni
- Department
of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan 20133, Italy
- IRCCS MultiMedica,
Sesto San Giovanni, Via
Milanese, 300, Sesto San Giovanni, Milan 20099, Italy
| | - Gabriel Agbor Agbor
- Centre
for Research on Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants
Studies, P.O. Box 13033, Yaoundé 13033, Cameroon
| | - Jules-Roger Kuiaté
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University
of Dschang, P.O. Box 96, Dschang 67, Cameroon
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Pouwels S, Sakran N, Graham Y, Leal A, Pintar T, Yang W, Kassir R, Singhal R, Mahawar K, Ramnarain D. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): a review of pathophysiology, clinical management and effects of weight loss. BMC Endocr Disord 2022; 22:63. [PMID: 35287643 PMCID: PMC8919523 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-022-00980-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 120.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the increasing prevalence of diabetes and obesity worldwide, the deleterious effects of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are becoming a growing challenge for public health. NAFLD is the most common chronic liver disease in the Western world. NAFLD is closely associated with metabolic disorders, including central obesity, dyslipidaemia, hypertension, hyperglycaemia and persistent abnormalities of liver function tests.In general NAFLD is a common denominer for a broad spectrum of damage to the liver, which can be due to hepatocyte injury, inflammatory processes and fibrosis. This is normally seen on liver biopsy and can range from milder forms (steatosis) to the more severe forms (non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), advanced fibrosis, cirrhosis and liver failure). In these patients, advanced fibrosis is the major predictor of morbidity and liver-related mortality, and an accurate diagnosis of NASH and NAFLD is mandatory. Histologic evaluation with liver biopsy remains the gold standard to diagnose NAFLD. Diagnosis of NAFLD is defined as presence of hepatic steatosis, ballooning and lobular inflammation with or without fibrosis. Weight loss, dietary modification, and the treatment of underlying metabolic syndrome remain the mainstays of therapy once the diagnosis is established. Dietary recommendations and lifestyle interventions, weight loss, and the treatment of underlying metabolic syndrome remain the mainstays of therapy once the diagnosis is established with promising results but are difficult to maintain. Pioglitazone and vitamin E are recommended by guidelines in selected patients. This review gives an overview of NAFLD and its treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjaak Pouwels
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Elisabeth-Tweesteden Hospital, Hilvarenbeekseweg 60, P.O. Box 90151, 5000 LC, Tilburg, The Netherlands.
| | - Nasser Sakran
- Department of Surgery, Holy Family Hospital, Nazareth, Israel, and the Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Yitka Graham
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Sunderland, Sunderland, UK
- Facultad de Psycologia, Universidad Anahuac Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Angela Leal
- Department of Bariatric Surgery, Christus Muguerza Conchita Hospital, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Tadeja Pintar
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Zaloška cesta, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Wah Yang
- Department of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Radwan Kassir
- CHU Félix Guyon, Allée des Topazes, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Rishi Singhal
- Bariatric and Upper GI Unit, Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Kamal Mahawar
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Sunderland, Sunderland, UK
- Bariatric Unit, South Tyneside and Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust, Sunderland, UK
| | - Dharmanand Ramnarain
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Elisabeth-Tweesteden Hospital, Hilvarenbeekseweg 60, P.O. Box 90151, 5000 LC, Tilburg, The Netherlands
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Saxenburg Medical Centre, Hardenberg, The Netherlands
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30
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The Protective Effects of Securigera securidaca Seed Extract on Liver Injury Induced by Bile Duct Ligation in Rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:6989963. [PMID: 35155679 PMCID: PMC8837422 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6989963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study is aimed at evaluating the effects of Securigera securidaca (SS) seed extract on cholestatic liver injury induced by bile duct ligation (BDL) in rats. Total polyphenols and flavonoids in SS seed extract were determined using a colorimetric assay, and their components were quantified using HPLC. Rats in four groups underwent BDL at the common bile duct and were treated for 21 days with either oral distilled water as vehicle, vitamin C, 100 mg/kg SS seed extract, or 200 mg/kg SS seed extract. Rats in the fifth group underwent abdominal incision without BDL and were treated with distilled water, and rats in the sixth group were healthy and received nothing. Finally, rats were sacrificed, blood samples were analyzed through biochemical methods, liver tissues were histologically assessed, and the expression of the TGFβ-1, iNOS, caspase-3, and α-SMA genes in the liver was assessed through real-time PCR. BDL significantly increased, and SS seed extract significantly decreased the serum levels of bilirubin and liver function enzymes. Moreover, SS seed extract suppressed the expression of the TGFβ-1, iNOS, caspase-3, and α-SMA genes, reduced the levels of nitric oxide, malondialdehyde, and protein carbonyl, and increased the levels of glutathione, total antioxidant capacity, and SOD and catalase enzyme activity in the serum and liver. Extract at a dose of 100 mg/kg had significant positive effects on liver morphology and parenchyma structure in a dose-dependent manner.
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Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a challenging disease caused by multiple factors, which may partly explain why it still remains an orphan of adequate therapies. This review highlights the interaction between oxidative stress (OS) and disturbed lipid metabolism. Several reactive oxygen species generators, including those produced in the gastrointestinal tract, contribute to the lipotoxic hepatic (and extrahepatic) damage by fatty acids and a great variety of their biologically active metabolites in a “multiple parallel-hit model”. This leads to inflammation and fibrogenesis and contributes to NAFLD progression. The alterations of the oxidant/antioxidant balance affect also metabolism-related organelles, leading to lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. This OS-induced damage is at least partially counteracted by the physiological antioxidant response. Therefore, modulation of this defense system emerges as an interesting target to prevent NAFLD development and progression. For instance, probiotics, prebiotics, diet, and fecal microbiota transplantation represent new therapeutic approaches targeting the gut microbiota dysbiosis. The OS and its counter-regulation are under the influence of individual genetic and epigenetic factors as well. In the near future, precision medicine taking into consideration genetic or environmental epigenetic risk factors, coupled with new OS biomarkers, will likely assist in noninvasive diagnosis and monitoring of NAFLD progression and in further personalizing treatments.
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Papuc C, Goran GV, Predescu CN, Tudoreanu L, Ștefan G. Plant polyphenols mechanisms of action on insulin resistance and against the loss of pancreatic beta cells. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 62:325-352. [PMID: 32901517 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1815644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus describes a group of metabolic disorders characterized by a prolonged period hyperglycemia with long-lasting detrimental effects on the cardiovascular and nervous systems, kidney, vision, and immunity. Many plant polyphenols are shown to have beneficial activity for the prevention and treatment of diabetes, by different mechanisms. This review article is focused on synthesizing the mechanisms by which polyphenols decrease insulin resistance and inhibit loss of pancreatic islet β-cell mass and function. To achieve the objectives, this review summarizes the results of the researches realized in recent years in clinical trials and in various experimental models, on the effects of foods rich in polyphenols, polyphenolic extracts, and commercially polyphenols on insulin resistance and β-cells death. Dietary polyphenols are able to reduce insulin resistance alleviating the IRS-1/PI3-k/Akt signaling pathway, and to reduce the loss of pancreatic islet β-cell mass and function by several molecular mechanisms, such as protection of the surviving machinery of cells against the oxidative insult; increasing insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells through activation of the FFAR1; cytoprotective effect on β-cells by activation of autophagy; protection of β-cells to act as activators for anti-apoptotic pathways and inhibitors for apoptotic pathway; stimulating of insulin release, presumably by transient ATP-sensitive K+ channel inhibition and whole-cell Ca2+ stimulation; involvement in insulin release that act on ionic currents and membrane potential as inhibitor of delayed-rectifier K+ current (IK(DR)) and activator of current. dietary polyphenols could be used as potential anti-diabetic agents to prevent and alleviate diabetes and its complications, but further studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camelia Papuc
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, UASVM of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gheorghe V Goran
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, UASVM of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Corina N Predescu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, UASVM of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Liliana Tudoreanu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, UASVM of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Georgeta Ștefan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, UASVM of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
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Chen HJ, Huang JY, Ko CY. Peach Kernel Extracts Inhibit Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Activation of HSC-T6 Hepatic Stellate Cells. Int J Clin Pract 2022; 2022:4869973. [PMID: 36105786 PMCID: PMC9444415 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4869973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an important role for hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in liver fibrosis. As it stands, many traditional Chinese medicine formulations can effectively improve liver fibrosis, whether it is clinically used or in animal studies; however, the efficacy and mechanism of the main formulations remain unclear, including the peach kernel, which contains numerous phytochemicals with a wide range of biological activities. The purpose of this study was to investigate peach kernel's anti-liver fibrosis effects. In this study, peach kernel extracts inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activation in HSC-T6 cells and the expression of α-smooth muscle actin and connective tissue growth factor induced by LPS in HSC-T6 cells. Furthermore, peach kernel extracts inhibited signal transducers involving protein kinase B and mitogen-activated protein kinase, which regulate downstream genes associated with inflammation. As a result, peach kernel extracts inhibited inflammatory responses and subsequently inhibited LPS-induced transformation of activated HSC-T6 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Jie Chen
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, People's Hospital of Leshan, Leshan 614000, China
| | - Jin-Yuan Huang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chih-Yuan Ko
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, China
- School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian, China
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Rocio Soledad GL, Lorena Gisel C, Norailys L, Humberto L, Daniel Fernando A, Hernan Gabriel F. Yerba Mate Modulates Tumor Cells Functions Involved in Metastasis in Breast Cancer Models. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:750197. [PMID: 34858179 PMCID: PMC8632058 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.750197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequent cancer in women and tumor metastasis is a major cause of cancer-related deaths. Our aim was to evaluate anti-metastatic properties of yerba mate extract (YMe) in BC models. 4T1, F3II, MCF-7, and MDA-MB231 cell lines were used to perform in vitro assays. The F3II syngeneic mammary carcinoma model in BALB/c mice was used to evaluate tumor progression, BC metastasis and survival. Cells were inoculated subcutaneously into the flank for the heterotopic model and into the mammary fat pad for the orthotopic model. YMe was administered p.o. in a dose of 1.6 g/kg/day. In vitro YMe inhibited cell proliferation and reduced tumor cell adhesion, migration and invasion. These biological effects were cell-line dependent. In vivo YMe reduced tumor metastasis and increased mice survival in both models. Our preclinical results suggest that YMe could modulate tumor progression and metastasis in BC models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garcia-Lazaro Rocio Soledad
- Molecular and Translational Oncology Center, Science and Technology Department, National University of Quilmes, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Caligiuri Lorena Gisel
- Molecular and Translational Oncology Center, Science and Technology Department, National University of Quilmes, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lorenzo Norailys
- Molecular and Translational Oncology Center, Science and Technology Department, National University of Quilmes, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lamdan Humberto
- Molecular and Translational Oncology Center, Science and Technology Department, National University of Quilmes, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alonso Daniel Fernando
- Molecular and Translational Oncology Center, Science and Technology Department, National University of Quilmes, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Farina Hernan Gabriel
- Molecular and Translational Oncology Center, Science and Technology Department, National University of Quilmes, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Ben-Abdallah S, Sefi M, Soudani N, Hamdi A, Bejaoui S, Issaoui H, El Cafsi M, Karray-Bouraoui N. Potential antioxidant effects of Narcissus tazetta phenolic compounds against cadmium chloride-induced hepatotoxicity in Swiss albino mice. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:66193-66205. [PMID: 34331222 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15497-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Narcissus tazetta (Amaryllidaceae) is a medicinal plant widely used for cut flowers and potted ornamental plant in Tunisia flora. The current study evaluated the phenolic composition and antioxidant properties of its flower extracts and investigated its potential protective activity against cadmium chloride (CdCl2)-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Mice were divided into six groups of six each: group 1, serving as negative controls, received by intraperitoneal way only distilled water; group 2 received by intraperitoneal way CdCl2 (0.16 mg/kg bw); groups 3 and 4 received CdCl2 at the same dose of group 2 and 100 or 200 mg/kg bw of Narcissus tazetta flower extracts via oral route; groups 5 and 6, serving as positive controls, received only Narcissus tazetta flower extracts. Polyphenolic compounds of the extract were analyzed by colorimetric and high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) methods. Total antioxidant activity and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging potential of the extract were estimated using colorimetric method. Results indicated that ethanolic flower extract contained high levels of total phenolic and flavonoid along with a strong total antioxidant and DPPH free radical scavenging activities. HPLC-MS analysis identified eight phenolic compounds, including rutin, kaempferol glycosides, and chlorogenic acids. The extract also exhibited marked hepatoprotective effects against CdCl2 toxicity by reducing hepatic levels of malondialdehyde, advanced oxidation protein products, hydrogen peroxide, metallothioneins, and DNA degradation. Additionally, co-administration of Narcissus tazetta flower extracts lowered the plasma activities of transaminases, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, and lactate dehydrogenase and increased hepatic levels of reduced glutathione, nonprotein thiols, vitamin C, and catalase activity. The hepatoprotective effects of the extract were demonstrated by histopathological improvement of liver disorders. The current study provided ethnopharmacological application of Narcissus tazetta flower extracts against CdCl2-induced oxidative stress, suggesting its chemoprevention role of its phenolic compounds as a natural antioxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saoussen Ben-Abdallah
- Laboratory of Plant Productivity and Environmental Constraints, LR18ES04, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunisia, University Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Mediha Sefi
- Laboratory of Ecology, Biology and Physiology of Aquatic Organisms, LR18ES41, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
- Animal Physiology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Nejla Soudani
- Laboratory of Ecology, Biology and Physiology of Aquatic Organisms, LR18ES41, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Amel Hamdi
- Laboratory of Plant Productivity and Environmental Constraints, LR18ES04, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunisia, University Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
- Phytochemicals and Food Quality Group, Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - Safa Bejaoui
- Laboratory of Ecology, Biology and Physiology of Aquatic Organisms, LR18ES41, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hela Issaoui
- Laboratory of Plant Productivity and Environmental Constraints, LR18ES04, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunisia, University Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mhamed El Cafsi
- Laboratory of Ecology, Biology and Physiology of Aquatic Organisms, LR18ES41, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Najoua Karray-Bouraoui
- Laboratory of Plant Productivity and Environmental Constraints, LR18ES04, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunisia, University Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
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Histopathological Profiles of Rats ( Rattus norvegicus) Induced with Streptozotocin and Treated with Aqueous Root Extracts of Ruellia tuberosa L. Vet Med Int 2021; 2021:6938433. [PMID: 34804472 PMCID: PMC8598362 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6938433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a serious worldwide health threat since the number of people with DM is forecasted to grow annually. Thus, effective and affordable treatment is urgently needed. Our previous studies used n-hexane and hydroethanolic root extracts of Ruellia tuberosa L. which significantly affected diabetic rats. In this study, aqueous R. tuberosa L. root extracts were used as treatments for the diabetic rat model and their effects were evaluated. Diabetes was generated by the administration of streptozotocin (STZ) at 20 mg/kg within 5 sequential days. Male Wistar rats were orally treated with the extracts and standard drug (metformin 200 mg/kg) and vehicle every day for 4 weeks. Hypoglycemic effects were assessed for normal, diabetic control, standard, and extract-treated groups. Histopathology was also carried out for the pancreatic, hepatic, and kidney tissues. The progression of diabetes was considerably diminished after extract treatment. In treated rats, the highest dose of extract induced a decline in blood glucose and serum malondialdehyde (MDA) levels at 25% and 35%, respectively. Furthermore, aqueous extract of R. tuberosa L. treatment decreased MDA levels in the pancreas by 12%. Histologic examination of the organ tissues of diabetic rats showed deteriorating alterations. After treatment, histopathological damages to the tissues and cells were reversed. The results of the experiments recommend that aqueous extract of R. tuberosa L. has antidiabetic effects on STZ-induced diabetic rats; nevertheless, a higher dose of the aqueous extracts is needed to achieve more significant results.
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Peng QB, Zhu SY, Wang WY. Autophagy mediated by the HGF/Met/JNK signaling pathway is involved in carcinogenesis of liver cirrhosis. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2021; 29:1158-1166. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v29.i20.1158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver cancer stem cell-like cells (CSCs) have strong self-renewal and tumorigenic capabilities, and play a key role in the progression of liver cirrhosis to liver cancer. We identified liver Axin2+CD90+ cells as CSCs in liver cirrhosis, and observed the effect of autophagy mediated by the HGF/Met/JN signaling pathway during the progression of liver cirrhosis to liver cancer.
AIM To determine the role of HGF/Met/JNK signaling pathway-mediated autophagy in the carcinogenesis of liver cirrhosis and the effect of c-Met inhibitor on this process.
METHODS Eight non-cirrhotic surgical specimens were collected from patients with hepatic hemangioma. In September 2007, 18 alcohol-related and 30 chronic hepatitis B-related cirrhosis biopsy samples were collected in our hospital. These patients were followed until December 2015. Three surgical liver cancer samples from patients with alcohol-related cirrhosis, and eight liver cancer samples from patients with hepatitis B-related cirrhosis were collected by surgery. Eight-week-old male SD rats were injected intraperitoneally with 50 mg/kg diethylnitrosamine twice a week for 8 wk to establish a liver cirrhosis model. Western blot was used to detect tissue autophagy status, HGF levels, and changes in HGF/Met/JNK signaling pathway molecules in humans and rats. The c-Met inhibitor EMD1214063 was used to treat cirrhotic rats, evaluate cell proliferation and apoptosis, and assess changes in HGF/Met/JNK signaling pathway molecules.
RESULTS Compared with normal liver tissue, the level of autophagy in cirrhosis was significantly increased (P < 0.05), while the decrease in autophagy was associated with the progression of cirrhosis to liver cancer. At the same time, the production of HGF in these abnormal samples was significantly increased. The liver cirrhosis tissue was first stratified according to autophagy status and HGF expression, and the levels of p-Met, t-Met, and p-JNK were found to be significantly elevated in autophagy-enhanced Axin2-positive cells (P < 0.05). Cell proliferation was significantly reduced after 8 and 11 wk of treatment (P < 0.05), and TUNEL staining showed that the c-Met inhibitor EMD1214063 had no significant effect on hepatocyte apoptosis. Western blot analysis using whole liver lysates from control and EMD1214063 treated groups at weeks 8 and 11 showed that the levels of p-Met, p-JNK, and HGF were significantly reduced at both time points.
CONCLUSION HGF/Met/JNK signaling pathway-mediated autophagy is involved in the carcinogenesis of cirrhosis, and c-Met inhibitors can play a therapeutic role in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan-Bin Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second People's Hospital of Lishui, Lishui 323000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shu-Yuan Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second People's Hospital of Lishui, Lishui 323000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wang-Yue Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang Province, China
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Rouf R, Ghosh P, Uzzaman MR, Sarker DK, Zahura FT, Uddin SJ, Muhammad I. Hepatoprotective Plants from Bangladesh: A Biophytochemical Review and Future Prospect. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2021; 2021:1633231. [PMID: 34504532 PMCID: PMC8423546 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1633231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Liver diseases are quite prevalant in many densely populated countries, including Bangladesh. The liver and its hepatocytes are targeted by virus and microbes, as well as by chemical environmental toxicants, causing wide-spread disruption of metabolic fuctions of the human body, leading to death from end-stage liver diseases. The aim of this review is to systematically explore and record the potential of Bangladeshi ethnopharmacological plants to treat liver diseases with focus on their sources, constituents, and therapeutic uses, including mechanisms of actions (MoA). A literature survey was carried out using Pubmed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and Scopus databases with articles reported until July, 2020. A total of 88 Bangladeshi hepatoprotective plants (BHPs) belonging to 47 families were listed in this review, including Euphorbiaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Compositae families contained 20% of plants, while herbs were the most cited (51%) and leaves were the most consumed parts (23%) as surveyed. The effect of BHPs against different hepatotoxins was observed via upregulation of antioxidant systems and inhibition of lipid peroxidation which subsequently reduced the elevated liver biomarkers. Different active constituents, including phenolics, curcuminoids, cucurbitanes, terpenoids, fatty acids, carotenoids, and polysaccharides, have been reported from these plants. The hepatoameliorative effect of these constituents was mainly involved in the reduction of hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation through activation of Nrf2/HO-1 and inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathways. In summary, BHPs represent a valuable resource for hepatoprotective lead therapeutics which may offer new alternatives to treat liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razina Rouf
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Puja Ghosh
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Raihan Uzzaman
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh
| | - Dipto Kumer Sarker
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh
| | - Fatima Tuz Zahura
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh
| | - Shaikh Jamal Uddin
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh
| | - Ilias Muhammad
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
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Ebadi M, Ip S, Bhanji RA, Montano-Loza AJ. Effect of Coffee Consumption on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Incidence, Prevalence and Risk of Significant Liver Fibrosis: Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093042. [PMID: 34578919 PMCID: PMC8471033 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aim: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. Given the anti-fibrotic and antioxidant properties of coffee, this systematic review and meta-analysis aims to provide updated results on the impact of coffee consumption on NAFLD incidence, prevalence, and risk of significant liver fibrosis. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search in MEDLINE (OvidSP) and Scopus from January 2010 through January 2021. Relative risks for the highest versus the lowest level of coffee consumption were pooled using random-effects models. Heterogeneity and publication bias were evaluated using the Higgins’ I2 statistic and Egger’s regression test, respectively. Results: Eleven articles consisting of two case-control studies, eight cross-sectional studies, and one prospective cohort study were included in the meta-analysis. Of those, three studies with 92,075 subjects were included in the analysis for NAFLD incidence, eight studies with 9558 subjects for NAFLD prevalence, and five with 4303 subjects were used for the analysis of liver fibrosis. There was no association between coffee consumption and NAFLD incidence (RR 0.88, 95% CI 0.63–1.25, p = 0.48) or NAFLD prevalence (RR 0.88, 95% CI 0.76–1.02, p = 0.09). The meta-analysis showed coffee consumption to be significantly associated with a 35% decreased odds of significant liver fibrosis (RR 0.65, 95% CI 0.54–0.78, p < 0.00001). There was no heterogeneity (I2 = 11%, p = 0.34) and no evidence of publication bias (p = 0.134). Conclusion: This meta-analysis supports the protective role of coffee consumption on significant liver fibrosis in patients with NAFLD. However, the threshold of coffee consumption to achieve hepatoprotective effects needs to be established in prospective trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ebadi
- Correspondence: (M.E.); (A.J.M.-L.); Tel.: +780-248-1892 (M.E. & A.J.M.-L.); Fax: +780-248-1895 (M.E. & A.J.M.-L.)
| | | | | | - Aldo J. Montano-Loza
- Correspondence: (M.E.); (A.J.M.-L.); Tel.: +780-248-1892 (M.E. & A.J.M.-L.); Fax: +780-248-1895 (M.E. & A.J.M.-L.)
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Ghadimi D, Frahm SO, Röcken C, Ebsen M, Schwiertz A, Fölster-Holst R, Bockelmann W, Heller KJ. Effects of ad libitum free-choice access to freshly squeezed domestic white asparagus juice on intestinal microbiota composition and universal biomarkers of immuno-metabolic homeostasis and general health in middle-aged female and male C57BL/6 mice. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2021; 22:401-414. [PMID: 34463231 DOI: 10.2174/1871530321666210830150620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Asparagus contains different bioactive and volatile components including pyrazines, sulphur-containing compounds, and polyphenols. Asparagus juice is a new low-calorie LAB-containing natural juice product, the usage of which is expanding. Pyrazines and sulphur-containing compounds are degraded by bacteria on one hand, but on the other hand, dietary polyphenols prevent human colorectal diseases as modulators of the composition and/or activity of gut microbiota. However, the utility of these asparagus compounds for reversal of age-associated microbial dysbiosis and the immunometabolic disorders that dysbiosis incites body inflammatory reactions was not much explored so far. Hence, using middle-aged mice, we conducted the current study to verify the effect of freshly squeezed domestic white asparagus juice on the biomarkers reflecting immuno-metabolic pathways linking age-related dysbiosis and metabolic events. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-two conventional Harlan Laboratories C57BL/6 mice aged between 11-12 months were randomly divided into two groups (n=16). Mice in control group 1 received sterile tap water. Animals in group 2 had 60 days ad libitum free-choice access to sterile tap water supplemented with 5% (v/v) freshly squeezed domestic white asparagus juice. Clinical signs of general health, hydration, and inflammation were monitored daily. Caecal content samples were analysed by qPCR for microbial composition. Histology of relevant organs was carried out on day 60 after sacrificing the mice. Universal markers of metabolic- and liver function were determined in serum samples. Caecal SCFAs contents were measured using HPLC. RESULTS Overall, no significant differences in general health or clinical signs of inflammation between the two groups were observed. The liver to body weight ratio in asparagus juice-drank mice was lowered. The qPCR quantification showed that asparagus juice significantly decreased the caecal Clostridium coccoides group while causing an enhancement in Clostridium leptum, Firmicutes, and bifidobacterial groups as well as total caecal bacterial count. Asparagus juice significantly elevated the caecal contents of SCFAs. Enhanced SCFAs (acetate, butyrate, and propionate) in mice receiving asparagus juice, however, did coincide with altered lipid levels in plasma or changes in the abundance of relevant bacteria for acetate-, butyrate-, and propionate production. DISCUSSION To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study aiming at evaluating the effect of freshly squeezed German domestic white asparagus juice on universal markers of metabolic- and liver function in middle-aged mice and the role of gut microbiota in this regard. The effectiveness of asparagus juice to improve metabolism in middle-aged mice was associated with alterations in intestinal microbiota but maybe also due to uptake of higher amounts of SCFAs. Hence, the key signal pathways corresponding to improved immune-metabolic homeostasis will be an important research scheme in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darab Ghadimi
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Max Rubner-Institut, Hermann-Weigmann-Str 1, D-24103 Kiel. Germany
| | - Sven Olaf Frahm
- Medizinisches Versorgungszentrum (MVZ), Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Dr. Rabenhorst, Prüner Gang 7, 24103 Kiel. Germany
| | - Christoph Röcken
- Institute of Pathology, Kiel University,University Hospital, Schleswig-Holstein, Arnold-Heller-Straße 3/14, D-24105 Kiel. Germany
| | - Michael Ebsen
- StädtischesMVZ Kiel GmbH, Department of Pathology, Chemnitzstr.33, 24116 Kiel. Germany
| | - Andreas Schwiertz
- MVZ Institute of Microecology, Auf den Lüppen 8, 35745 Herborn. Germany
| | - Regina Fölster-Holst
- Clinic of Dermatology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Schittenhelmstr. 7, D-24105 Kiel. Germany
| | - Wilhelm Bockelmann
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Max Rubner-Institut, Hermann-Weigmann-Str 1, D-24103 Kiel. Germany
| | - Knut J Heller
- Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology; Kiel. Germany
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Effects of a Fruit and Vegetable-Based Nutraceutical on Biomarkers of Inflammation and Oxidative Status in the Plasma of a Healthy Population: A Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind, and Randomized Clinical Trial. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26123604. [PMID: 34204618 PMCID: PMC8231220 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
There is scientific evidence of the positive effect of polyphenols from plant foods on inflammation and oxidative status. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether treatment with a high-polyphenolic nutraceutical reduces the plasmatic concentration of certain oxidative and inflammatory biomarkers in a healthy population. One hundred and eight subjects were selected and stratified by sex in the intervention group (n = 53) and the placebo group (n = 55). Ninety-two subjects completed the study after two 16-week treatment periods separated by a four-week washout period. The results revealed statistically significant differences in subjects treated with the polyphenolic extract compared to the placebo: A decrease in homocysteine, oxidized low-density lipoprotein (OxLDL), TNF-α, sTNFR1, and C-reactive protein (CRP). The most significant decrease was observed for OxLDL (from 78.98 ± 24.48 to 69.52 ± 15.64; p < 0.05) and CRP (from 1.50 ± 0.33 to 1.39 ± 0.37; p < 0.05), both showing significant differences compared to the placebo (p < 0.001). Moreover, catecholamines increased after the administration of the product under investigation, especially in the case of dopamine (from 15.43 ± 2.66 to 19.61 ± 5.73; p < 0.05). Therefore, the consumption of a nutraceutical based on fruit and vegetables with a high polyphenol content seems to improve the parameters related to health benefits (oxidative and inflammatory biomarkers), including remarkable changes in the expression of catecholamines.
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Chavanelle V, Otero YF, Le Joubioux F, Ripoche D, Bargetto M, Vluggens A, Montaurier C, Pickering G, Ducheix G, Dubray C, Dualé C, Boulliau S, Macian N, Marceau G, Sapin V, Dutheil F, Guigas B, Maugard T, Boisseau N, Cazaubiel M, Peltier SL, Sirvent P. Effects of Totum-63 on glucose homeostasis and postprandial glycemia: a translational study. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 320:E1119-E1137. [PMID: 33938234 PMCID: PMC8285600 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00629.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Global prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is rising and may affect 700 million people by 2045. Totum-63 is a polyphenol-rich natural composition developed to reduce the risk of T2D. We first investigated the effects of Totum-63 supplementation in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice for up to 16 wk and thereafter assessed its safety and efficacy (2.5 g or 5 g per day) in 14 overweight men [mean age 51.5 yr, body mass index (BMI) 27.6 kg·m-2] for 4 wk. In HFD-fed mice, Totum-63 reduced body weight and fat mass gain, whereas lean mass was unchanged. Moreover, fecal energy excretion was higher in Totum-63-supplemented mice, suggesting a reduction of calorie absorption in the digestive tract. In the gut, metagenomic analyses of fecal microbiota revealed a partial restoration of HFD-induced microbial imbalance, as shown by principal coordinate analysis of microbiota composition. HFD-induced increase in HOMA-IR score was delayed in supplemented mice, and insulin response to an oral glucose tolerance test was significantly reduced, suggesting that Totum-63 may prevent HFD-related impairments in glucose homeostasis. Interestingly, these improvements could be linked to restored insulin signaling in subcutaneous adipose tissue and soleus muscle. In the liver, HFD-induced steatosis was reduced by 40% (as shown by triglyceride content). In the subsequent study in men, Totum-63 (5 g·day-1) improved glucose and insulin responses to a high-carbohydrate breakfast test (84% kcal carbohydrates). It was well tolerated, with no clinically significant adverse events reported. Collectively, these data suggest that Totum-63 could improve glucose homeostasis in both HFD-fed mice and overweight individuals, presumably through a multitargeted action on different metabolic organs.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Totum-63 is a novel polyphenol-rich natural composition developed to reduce the risk of T2D. Totum-63 showed beneficial effects on glucose homeostasis in HFD-fed mice, presumably through a multitargeted action on different metabolic organs. Totum-63 was well tolerated in humans and improved postprandial glucose and insulin responses to a high-carbohydrate breakfast test.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gisèle Pickering
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Centre d'Investigation Clinique, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- INSERM, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Gilles Ducheix
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Centre d'Investigation Clinique, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- INSERM, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Claude Dubray
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Centre d'Investigation Clinique, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- INSERM, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Christian Dualé
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Centre d'Investigation Clinique, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- INSERM, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Sylvia Boulliau
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Centre d'Investigation Clinique, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- INSERM, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nicolas Macian
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Centre d'Investigation Clinique, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- INSERM, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Geoffroy Marceau
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Vincent Sapin
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Frédéric Dutheil
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LaPSCo, Physiological and Psychosocial Stress, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Preventive and Occupational Medicine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bruno Guigas
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Thierry Maugard
- La Rochelle Université - LIENSs UMR CNRS 7266, La Rochelle, France
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Bhardwaj M, Yadav P, Vashishth D, Sharma K, Kumar A, Chahal J, Dalal S, Kataria SK. A Review on Obesity Management through Natural Compounds and a Green Nanomedicine-Based Approach. Molecules 2021; 26:3278. [PMID: 34071722 PMCID: PMC8198321 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a serious health complication in almost every corner of the world. Excessive weight gain results in the onset of several other health issues such as type II diabetes, cancer, respiratory diseases, musculoskeletal disorders (especially osteoarthritis), and cardiovascular diseases. As allopathic medications and derived pharmaceuticals are partially successful in overcoming this health complication, there is an incessant need to develop new alternative anti-obesity strategies with long term efficacy and less side effects. Plants harbor secondary metabolites such as phenolics, flavonoids, terpenoids and other specific compounds that have been shown to have effective anti-obesity properties. Nanoencapsulation of these secondary metabolites enhances the anti-obesity efficacy of these natural compounds due to their speculated property of target specificity and enhanced efficiency. These nanoencapsulated and naive secondary metabolites show anti-obesity properties mainly by inhibiting the lipid and carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes, suppression of adipogenesis and appetite, and enhancing energy metabolism. This review focuses on the plants and their secondary metabolites, along with their nanoencapsulation, that have anti-obesity effects, with their possible acting mechanisms, for better human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Bhardwaj
- Department of Zoology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, India; (M.B.); (P.Y.); (D.V.)
| | - Poonam Yadav
- Department of Zoology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, India; (M.B.); (P.Y.); (D.V.)
| | - Divya Vashishth
- Department of Zoology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, India; (M.B.); (P.Y.); (D.V.)
| | - Kavita Sharma
- Department of Zoology, Gaur Brahman Degree College, Rohtak 124001, India;
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Zoology, Maharaja Neempal Singh Government College, Bhiwani 127021, India;
| | - Jyoti Chahal
- Department of Zoology, Hindu Girls College, Sonipat 131001, India;
| | - Sunita Dalal
- Department of Biotechnology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra 136119, India;
| | - Sudhir Kumar Kataria
- Department of Zoology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, India; (M.B.); (P.Y.); (D.V.)
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De Matteis V, Rizzello L, Ingrosso C, Rinaldi R. Purification of olive mill wastewater through noble metal nanoparticle synthesis: waste safe disposal and nanomaterial impact on healthy hepatic cell mitochondria. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:26154-26171. [PMID: 33484467 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-12267-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The exponential increase of waste derived from different human activities points out the importance of their reuse in order to create materials with specific properties that can be used for different applications. In this work, it was showed how the typical Mediterranean organic liquid waste, namely olive mill wastewater (OMWW), obtained during olive oil production, can be turned into an efficient reactive agent for the production of noble metals gold (Au) and silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) with very well-defined physico-chemical properties. More than that, it was demonstrated that this synthetic procedure also leads to a drastic decrease of the organic pollution load of the OMWW, making it safer for environmental disposal and plants irrigation. Then, using healthy hepatic cell line mitochondria, the biological effects induced by these green metal NPs surrounded by a polyphenols shell, with the same NPs synthetized through a standard chemical colloidal reduction process, were compared, finding out that the green NPs are much safer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria De Matteis
- Department of Mathematics and Physics "Ennio De Giorgi", University of Salento, Via Arnesano, 73100, Lecce, Italy.
| | - Loris Rizzello
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, via Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Chiara Ingrosso
- CNR-IPCF S.S. Bari, c/o Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Bari, via Orabona 4, -70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Rosaria Rinaldi
- Department of Mathematics and Physics "Ennio De Giorgi", University of Salento, Via Arnesano, 73100, Lecce, Italy
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Abou Assi R, Abdulbaqi IM, Siok Yee C. The Evaluation of Drug Delivery Nanocarrier Development and Pharmacological Briefing for Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD): An Update. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:215. [PMID: 33806527 PMCID: PMC8001129 DOI: 10.3390/ph14030215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Current research indicates that the next silent epidemic will be linked to chronic liver diseases, specifically non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which was renamed as metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in 2020. Globally, MAFLD mortality is on the rise. The etiology of MAFLD is multifactorial and still incompletely understood, but includes the accumulation of intrahepatic lipids, alterations in energy metabolism, insulin resistance, and inflammatory processes. The available MAFLD treatment, therefore, relies on improving the patient's lifestyle and multidisciplinary pharmacotherapeutic options, whereas the option of surgery is useless without managing the comorbidities of the MAFLD. Nanotechnology is an emerging approach addressing MAFLD, where nanoformulations are suggested to improve the safety and physicochemical properties of conventional drugs/herbal medicines, physical, chemical, and physiological stability, and liver-targeting properties. A wide variety of liver nanosystems were constructed and delivered to the liver, only those that addressed the MAFLD were discussed in this review in terms of the nanocarrier classes, particle size, shape, zeta potential and offered dissolution rate(s), the suitable preparation method(s), excipients (with synergistic effects), and the suitable drug/compound for loading. The advantages and challenges of each nanocarrier and the focus on potential promising perspectives in the production of MAFLD nanomedicine were also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Abou Assi
- Thoughts Formulation Laboratory, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Penang, Malaysia;
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Al-Kitab University, Altun-Kupri, Kirkuk 36001, Iraq;
| | - Ibrahim M. Abdulbaqi
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Al-Kitab University, Altun-Kupri, Kirkuk 36001, Iraq;
- Pharmaceutical Design and Simulation (PhDS) Lab, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Chan Siok Yee
- Thoughts Formulation Laboratory, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Penang, Malaysia;
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Arroyave-Ospina JC, Wu Z, Geng Y, Moshage H. Role of Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Implications for Prevention and Therapy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020174. [PMID: 33530432 PMCID: PMC7911109 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OxS) is considered a major factor in the pathophysiology of inflammatory chronic liver diseases, including non-alcoholic liver disease (NAFLD). Chronic impairment of lipid metabolism is closely related to alterations of the oxidant/antioxidant balance, which affect metabolism-related organelles, leading to cellular lipotoxicity, lipid peroxidation, chronic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Increased OxS also triggers hepatocytes stress pathways, leading to inflammation and fibrogenesis, contributing to the progression of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The antioxidant response, regulated by the Nrf2/ARE pathway, is a key component in this process and counteracts oxidative stress-induced damage, contributing to the restoration of normal lipid metabolism. Therefore, modulation of the antioxidant response emerges as an interesting target to prevent NAFLD development and progression. This review highlights the link between disturbed lipid metabolism and oxidative stress in the context of NAFLD. In addition, emerging potential therapies based on antioxidant effects and their likely molecular targets are discussed.
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Shabbir U, Rubab M, Daliri EBM, Chelliah R, Javed A, Oh DH. Curcumin, Quercetin, Catechins and Metabolic Diseases: The Role of Gut Microbiota. Nutrients 2021; 13:206. [PMID: 33445760 PMCID: PMC7828240 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols (PPs) are the naturally occurring bioactive components in fruits and vegetables, and they are the most abundant antioxidant in the human diet. Studies are suggesting that ingestion of PPs might be helpful to ameliorate metabolic syndromes that may contribute in the prevention of several chronic disorders like diabetes, obesity, hypertension, and colon cancer. PPs have structural diversity which impacts their bioavailability as they accumulate in the large intestine and are extensively metabolized through gut microbiota (GM). Intestinal microbiota transforms PPs into their metabolites to make them bioactive. Interestingly, not only GM act on PPs to metabolize them but PPs also modulate the composition of GM. Thus, change in GM from pathogenic to beneficial ones may be helpful to ameliorate gut health and associated diseases. However, to overcome the low bioavailability of PPs, various approaches have been developed to improve their solubility and transportation through the gut. In this review, we present evidence supporting the structural changes that occur after metabolic reactions in PPs (curcumin, quercetin, and catechins) and their effect on GM composition that leads to improving overall gut health and helping to ameliorate metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umair Shabbir
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (U.S.); (M.R.); (E.B.-M.D.); (R.C.)
| | - Momna Rubab
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (U.S.); (M.R.); (E.B.-M.D.); (R.C.)
| | - Eric Banan-Mwine Daliri
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (U.S.); (M.R.); (E.B.-M.D.); (R.C.)
| | - Ramachandran Chelliah
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (U.S.); (M.R.); (E.B.-M.D.); (R.C.)
| | - Ahsan Javed
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
| | - Deog-Hwan Oh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (U.S.); (M.R.); (E.B.-M.D.); (R.C.)
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Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Anacardium occidentale L. and Anacardium microcarpum D. Extracts on the Liver of IL-10 Knockout Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:3054521. [PMID: 33376496 PMCID: PMC7744185 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3054521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background The Anacardium occidentale L. (cashew) and Anacardium microcarpum D. (cajuí) are plants commonly found in Brazil. They present phytochemical compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory action. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of ethanolic extracts from leaves of A. occidentale and A. microcarpum and its effect on the hepatic tissue in experimental knockout models after they received Paracetamol®. Methods Ethanol extracts from A. occidentale and A. microcarpum leaves were prepared. Total phenolics were determined by Folin–Ciocalteau reagent, and flavonoids are based on the complexation reaction with the aluminum metal, forming a colored complex. Fingerprint HPLC was performed to detect phenolic compounds. Knockout IL-10 mice randomly divided into six groups were used and received the following treatments: G1, only water; G2, A. occidentale extract; G3, A. microcarpum extract; G4, Paracetamol®; G5, Paracetamol® + A. occidentale extract (400 mg/kg); G6, Paracetamol® + A. microcarpum extract (400 mg/kg). Biochemical parameters of the blood and differential count of leukocytes were done. Oxidative markers and histopathological analyses were performed on their liver tissue. Results Phenolic compounds and total flavonoids were detected in both two extracts analyzed. The HPLC fingerprint detected phenolic acid, gallic acid, and catechin flavonoid in the two extracts. Histopathological analyses of the hepatic tissue permitted evaluation of nuclear increase, sinusoid congestion, and inflammatory infiltrate. A. microcarpum presented more antioxidant activity increasing antioxidant enzyme levels and reducing TBARS and carbonyl protein when compared to the other treatments after exposure to Paracetamol®. Histopathological analyses showed a decrease in the inflammatory infiltrate after treatment with extracts. Conclusion Our findings indicate that both extracts, especially A. microcarpum, can reduce hepatic damage in knockout mice exposed to paracetamol, indicating the curative power of these extracts reducing lipid peroxidation and in the morphofunctional damage to the liver parenchyma.
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Pan Y, Deng Z, Shahidi F. Natural bioactive substances for the control of food-borne viruses and contaminants in food. FOOD PRODUCTION, PROCESSING AND NUTRITION 2020. [PMCID: PMC7700915 DOI: 10.1186/s43014-020-00040-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Food-borne viruses and contaminants, as an important global food safety problem, are caused by chemical, microbiological, zoonotic, and other risk factors that represent a health hazard. Natural bioactive substances, originating from plants, animals, or microorganisms, might offer the possibility of preventing and controlling food-borne diseases. In this contribution, the common bioactive substances such as polyphenols, essential oils, proteins, and polysaccharides which are effective in the prevention and treatment of food-borne viruses and contaminants are discussed. Meanwhile, the preventive effects of natural bioactive substances and the possible mechanisms involved in food protection are discussed and detailed. The application and potential effects of natural bioactive substances in the adjuvant treatment for food-borne diseases is also described.
Graphical abstract
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Nutraceutical Properties of Polyphenols against Liver Diseases. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113517. [PMID: 33203174 PMCID: PMC7697723 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Current food tendencies, suboptimal dietary habits and a sedentary lifestyle are spreading metabolic disorders worldwide. Consequently, the prevalence of liver pathologies is increasing, as it is the main metabolic organ in the body. Chronic liver diseases, with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) as the main cause, have an alarming prevalence of around 25% worldwide. Otherwise, the consumption of certain drugs leads to an acute liver failure (ALF), with drug-induced liver injury (DILI) as its main cause, or alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Although programs carried out by authorities are focused on improving dietary habits and lifestyle, the long-term compliance of the patient makes them difficult to follow. Thus, the supplementation with certain substances may represent a more easy-to-follow approach for patients. In this context, the consumption of polyphenol-rich food represents an attractive alternative as these compounds have been characterized to be effective in ameliorating liver pathologies. Despite of their structural diversity, certain similar characteristics allow to classify polyphenols in 5 groups: stilbenes, flavonoids, phenolic acids, lignans and curcuminoids. Herein, we have identified the most relevant compounds in each group and characterized their main sources. By this, authorities should encourage the consumption of polyphenol-rich products, as most of them are available in quotidian life, which might reduce the socioeconomical burden of liver diseases.
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