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Rodrigues VD, Boaro BL, Laurindo LF, Chagas EFB, de Lima EP, Laurindo LF, Barbalho SM. Exploring the benefits of astaxanthin as a functional food ingredient: Its effects on oxidative stress and reproductive outcomes in women with PCOS - A systematic review and single-arm meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03432-w. [PMID: 39269488 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03432-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent gynecological-endocrinological disorder characterized by hyperandrogenism, menstrual irregularities, and metabolic disturbances. Recent research has highlighted the role of oxidative stress and chronic inflammation in exacerbating PCOS symptoms and impeding reproductive outcomes. Astaxanthin, a potent antioxidant found in marine organisms, has been suggested as a potential therapeutic intervention due to its ability to reduce oxidative stress and inflammation. This meta-analysis systematically reviews randomized controlled trials assessing the impact of astaxanthin supplementation on oxidative stress and reproductive outcomes in women with PCOS. Data from four trials were analyzed, focusing on markers of oxidative stress and reproductive health metrics. The meta-analysis utilized fixed and random-effects models to synthesize results, with heterogeneity assessed using Chi-square and I2 statistics. The findings indicate that while astaxanthin significantly improves markers of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in follicular fluid, it does not show a consistent effect on other oxidative stress biomarkers such as malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), or superoxide dismutase (SOD). Reproductive outcomes, including oocyte quality and the number of high-quality embryos, showed moderate improvements, although effects on fertilization rates and pregnancy outcomes were insignificant. The analysis highlights variability in study designs and dosing, suggesting a need for further research with standardized protocols and larger sample sizes. Future studies should focus on determining optimal dosing, exploring mechanistic pathways, and investigating the combined effects of astaxanthin with other interventions. Longitudinal studies are needed to assess long-term benefits and safety, and personalized approaches could enhance treatment efficacy for individuals with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victória Dogani Rodrigues
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (FAMEMA), Marília, São Paulo, 17519-030, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Leme Boaro
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (FAMEMA), Marília, São Paulo, 17519-030, Brazil
| | - Lívia Fornari Laurindo
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina de São José Do Rio Preto (FAMERP), São José Do Rio Preto, São Paulo, 15090-000, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Federighi Baisi Chagas
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, 17525-902, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, 17525-902, Brazil
| | - Enzo Pereira de Lima
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, 17525-902, Brazil
| | - Lucas Fornari Laurindo
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (FAMEMA), Marília, São Paulo, 17519-030, Brazil.
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, 17525-902, Brazil.
- Department of Administration, Associate Degree in Hospital Management, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, 17525-902, Brazil.
| | - Sandra Maria Barbalho
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, 17525-902, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, 17525-902, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Food and Technology of Marília (FATEC), Marília, São Paulo, 17500-000, Brazil
- UNIMAR Charity Hospital, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, 17525-902, Brazil
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Adıgüzel E, Ülger TG. A marine-derived antioxidant astaxanthin as a potential neuroprotective and neurotherapeutic agent: A review of its efficacy on neurodegenerative conditions. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 977:176706. [PMID: 38843946 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Astaxanthin is a potent lipid-soluble carotenoid produced by several different freshwater and marine microorganisms, including microalgae, bacteria, fungi, and yeast. The proven therapeutic effects of astaxanthin against different diseases have made this carotenoid popular in the nutraceutical market and among consumers. Recently, astaxanthin is also receiving attention for its effects in the co-adjuvant treatment or prevention of neurological pathologies. In this systematic review, studies evaluating the efficacy of astaxanthin against different neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, cerebrovascular diseases, and spinal cord injury are analyzed. Based on the current literature, astaxanthin shows potential biological activity in both in vitro and in vivo models. In addition, its preventive and therapeutic activities against the above-mentioned diseases have been emphasized in studies with different experimental designs. In contrast, none of the 59 studies reviewed reported any safety concerns or adverse health effects as a result of astaxanthin supplementation. The preventive or therapeutic role of astaxanthin may vary depending on the dosage and route of administration. Although there is a consensus in the literature regarding its effectiveness against the specified diseases, it is important to determine the safe intake levels of synthetic and natural forms and to determine the most effective forms for oral intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Adıgüzel
- Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, 70100, Karaman, Turkey.
| | - Taha Gökmen Ülger
- Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Bolu, Turkey
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Maleki-Hajiagha A, Shafie A, Maajani K, Amidi F. Effect of astaxanthin supplementation on female fertility and reproductive outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical and animal studies. J Ovarian Res 2024; 17:163. [PMID: 39127677 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-024-01472-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Oxidative stress (OS) plays a harmful role in female reproduction and fertility. Several studies explored various dietary interventions and antioxidant supplements, such as astaxanthin (AST), to mitigate the adverse effects of OS on female fertility. Ameliorative effects of AST on female fertility and the redox status of reproductive organs have been shown in several animal and clinical studies. OBJECTIVES The main objective of present systematic review and meta-analysis of both animal and clinical studies was to provide a comprehensive overview of the current evidence on the effects of AST on female fertility and reproductive outcomes. The effect of AST on redox status, inflammatory and apoptotic markers in reproductive organs were included as the secondary outcomes. DATA SOURCES We systematically searched electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, until January 1, 2024, using specified search terms related to AST, female reproductive performance, and infertility, considering the diverse synonyms found in the literature for interventional studies that compared oral AST supplementation with placebo or control in human or animal models. DATA EXTRACTION Two independent reviewers extracted data on study characteristics, outcomes, and risk of bias. We pooled the results using random-effects models and assessed the heterogeneity and quality of evidence. We descriptively reported the data from animal models, as meta-analysis was not possible. DATA ANALYSIS The meta-analysis of clinical trials showed that AST significantly increased the oocyte maturation rate (MD: 8.40, 95% CI: 4.57 to 12.23, I2: 0%) and the total antioxidant capacity levels in the follicular fluid (MD: 0.04, 95% CI: 0.02 to 0.06, I2: 0%). The other ART and pregnancy outcomes and redox status markers did not show statistically significant changes. The animal studies reported ameliorative effects of AST on redox status, inflammation, apoptosis, and ovarian tissue histomorphology. CONCLUSION This systematic review shows that AST supplementation may improve assisted reproductive technology outcomes by enhancing oocyte quality and reducing OS in the reproductive organs. However, the evidence is limited by the heterogeneity, risk of bias, and small sample size of the included studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Maleki-Hajiagha
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Pour Sina St, Tehran, 1416753955, Iran
- Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anahid Shafie
- Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khadije Maajani
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fardin Amidi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Pour Sina St, Tehran, 1416753955, Iran.
- Department of Infertility, Yas Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Pružinská K, Chrastina M, Khademnematolahi S, Vyletelová V, Gajdošová L, Pastvová L, Dráfi F, Poništ S, Pašková Ľ, Kucharská J, Sumbalová Z, Muchová J, Martiniaková S, Bauerová K. Astaxanthin, Compared to Other Carotenoids, Increases the Efficacy of Methotrexate in Rat Adjuvant Arthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8710. [PMID: 39201397 PMCID: PMC11354740 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
This in vivo study performed in rat adjuvant arthritis aims to advance the understanding of astaxanthin's therapeutic properties for the possible treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in monotherapy and along with the standard RA treatment, methotrexate (MTX), in combination therapy. The main goal was to elucidate astaxanthin's full therapeutic potential, evaluate its dose dependency, and compare its effects in monotherapy with other carotenoids such as β-carotene and β-cryptoxanthin (KXAN). Moreover, potential differences in therapeutic activity caused by using different sources of astaxanthin, synthetic (ASYN) versus isolated from Blakeslea trispora (ASTAP), were evaluated using one-way ANOVA (Tukey-Kramer post hoc test). KXAN was the most effective in reducing plasma MMP-9 levels in monotherapy, significantly better than MTX, and in reducing hind paw swelling. The differences in the action of ASTAP and ASYN have been observed across various biometric, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative parameters. In combined therapy with MTX, the ASYN + MTX combination proved to be better. These findings, especially the significant anti-arthritic effect of KXAN and ASYN + MTX, could be the basis for further preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarína Pružinská
- Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Malá Hora 10701/4A, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia;
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Centre of Experimental Medicine SAS, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.C.); (S.K.); (F.D.); (S.P.)
| | - Martin Chrastina
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Centre of Experimental Medicine SAS, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.C.); (S.K.); (F.D.); (S.P.)
| | - Sasan Khademnematolahi
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Centre of Experimental Medicine SAS, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.C.); (S.K.); (F.D.); (S.P.)
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Veronika Vyletelová
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.V.); (Ľ.P.)
| | - Lívia Gajdošová
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 2, 813 72 Bratislava, Slovakia; (L.G.); (L.P.); (Z.S.); (J.M.)
| | - Lucia Pastvová
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 2, 813 72 Bratislava, Slovakia; (L.G.); (L.P.); (Z.S.); (J.M.)
| | - František Dráfi
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Centre of Experimental Medicine SAS, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.C.); (S.K.); (F.D.); (S.P.)
| | - Silvester Poništ
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Centre of Experimental Medicine SAS, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.C.); (S.K.); (F.D.); (S.P.)
| | - Ľudmila Pašková
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.V.); (Ľ.P.)
| | - Jarmila Kucharská
- Pharmacobiochemical Laboratory of Third Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Špitálska 24, 813 72 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Zuzana Sumbalová
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 2, 813 72 Bratislava, Slovakia; (L.G.); (L.P.); (Z.S.); (J.M.)
| | - Jana Muchová
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 2, 813 72 Bratislava, Slovakia; (L.G.); (L.P.); (Z.S.); (J.M.)
| | - Silvia Martiniaková
- Department of Food Technology, Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Katarína Bauerová
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Centre of Experimental Medicine SAS, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.C.); (S.K.); (F.D.); (S.P.)
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Rayamajhi V, Byeon H, An Y, Kim T, Lee J, Lee J, Lee K, Kim C, Shin H, Jung S. Screening and Selection of Antibiotics for Enhanced Production of Astaxanthin by Haematococcus lacustris. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:977. [PMID: 39202719 PMCID: PMC11355620 DOI: 10.3390/life14080977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Haematococcus lacustris (Girod-Chantrans) Rostafinski (Chlorophyta) is the richest microalgal source of astaxanthin. Natural astaxanthin from H. lacustris has been widely studied and used for commercial production worldwide. In this study, we examined the effects of 11 antibiotics (dihydrostreptomycin sulphate, neomycin, chloramphenicol, penicillin, streptomycin, ampicillin, kanamycin, gentamycin, hygromycin B, tetracycline, and paromomycin) on the biomass dry weight, growth, and astaxanthin yield of H. lacustris using Jaworski's medium without a nitrogen source. Astaxanthin content in H. lacustris was improved in the presence of ampicillin (0.25 g/L, 0.5 g/L, 1 g/L), chloramphenicol (0.25 g/L), and penicillin (0.25 g/L, 0.5 g/L, 1 g/L) in comparison to the control on day 15. The greatest increase in astaxanthin content on day 15 (6.69-fold) was obtained with the addition of penicillin (0.5 g/L) in comparison to the control. Similarly, on day 15, the cell numbers were also the highest for the H. lacustris culture grown with the addition of penicillin (0.5 g/L).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Rayamajhi
- Department of Biology, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea; (V.R.); (T.K.)
| | - Huijeong Byeon
- Department of Biology, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea; (V.R.); (T.K.)
| | - Yunji An
- Department of Biology, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea; (V.R.); (T.K.)
| | - Taesoo Kim
- Department of Biology, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea; (V.R.); (T.K.)
| | - Jihyun Lee
- Korea Fisheries Resources Agency East Sea Branch, Samho-ro, Buk-gu, Pohang 37601, Gyungsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - JongDae Lee
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - KwangSoo Lee
- Department of Sports Science, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - ChulHyun Kim
- Department of Sports Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - HyunWoung Shin
- Department of Biology, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea; (V.R.); (T.K.)
- AlgaeBio, Inc., Asan 31459, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - SangMok Jung
- Research Institute for Basic Science, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea
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Laderian A, Ghasemi M, Mortazavi P, Mousavi Z, Ale-Ebrahim M. Hepatoprotective effect of astaxanthin against cholestasis liver fibrosis induced by bile duct ligation in adult Wistar rats. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23788. [PMID: 39087918 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the hepatoprotective effects of astaxanthin, a natural carotenoid, against the cholestatic liver fibrosis induced by bile duct ligation (BDL). Toward this end, male rats were subjected to BDL and treated with astaxanthin for 35 days. Afterwards, their serum and liver biochemical factors were assessed. Also, histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses were performed to determine the fibrosis and the expression levels of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-ß1) in the liver tissue. Based on the results, BDL caused a significant increase in liver enzyme levels, blood lipids, and bilirubin, while decreasing the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH) enzymes. Also, in the BDL rats, hepatocyte necrosis, infiltration of inflammatory lymphocytes, and hyperplasia of bile ducts were detected, along with a significant increase in α-SMA and TGF-ß1 expression. Astaxanthin, however, significantly prevented the BDL's detrimental effects. In all, 10 mg/kg of this drug maintained the bilirubin and cholesterol serum levels of BDL rats at normal levels. It also reduced the liver enzymes' activity and serum lipids, while increasing the SOD, CAT, and GSH activity in BDL rats. The expression of α-SMA and TGF-ß1 in the BDL rats treated with 10 mg/kg of astaxanthin was moderate (in 34%-66% of cells) and no considerable cholestatic fibrosis was observed in this group. However, administrating the 20 mg/kg of astaxanthin was not effective in this regard. These findings showed that astaxanthin could considerably protect the liver from cholestatic damage by improving the biochemical features and regulating the expression of related proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Laderian
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tehran Medical Sciences-Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maedeh Ghasemi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Pejman Mortazavi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Specialized Veterinary Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Mousavi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tehran Medical Sciences-Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Ale-Ebrahim
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Giercuszkiewicz-Hecold B, Kulka M, Czopowicz M, Szarska E, Strzelec K, Grzeczka A, Graczyk S, Wiśniewska M, Jędrzejkowska Z, Rumińska A, Marycz K, Cywińska A. Astaxanthin Supplementation Does Not Alter Training-Related Changes in Inflammatory Cytokine Profile in Arabian Racing Horses. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:905. [PMID: 39199150 PMCID: PMC11351528 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the oral supplementation of astaxanthin (ATX) on inflammatory markers in 3-year-old Arabian racehorses. Despite the recognized antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of ATX observed in vitro in rodent models and in human athletes, the effects in equine subjects remain unknown. This study involved a controlled trial with 14 horses receiving either ATX (six horses) or a placebo (eight horses), monitored over four months of race training. Inflammatory cytokines: TNFα, IFNγ, IL-6, IL-10, and prostaglandin E (PGE), were measured monthly to assess the impact of ATX on the inflammatory response. The results indicated no significant differences in measured parameters between the ATX and the control group during the study. However, a significant time-dependent decrease in TNFα and IFNγ levels (p = 0.001) was observed in both groups, suggesting that regular training naturally modulates inflammatory responses. Moreover, positive correlations were noted between TNFα and IFNγ (p < 0.001) in the early phase of the study and between IL-6 and IL-10 (p = 0.008) in the later phase. Hematological parameters remained stable and within reference ranges, indicating no adverse effects of ATX supplementation. Performance metrics, including the number of races completed and wins, showed no significant differences between groups, suggesting that ATX did not enhance athletic performance under the study conditions. Overall, while ATX supplementation affected neither cytokine levels nor performance in Arabian racehorses, the natural anti-inflammatory effects of regular training were evident. Further research is needed to explore potential benefits of ATX supplementation under different conditions, such as in horses with subclinical inflammation or varying training regimens, to fully clarify its role and applications in equine sports medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marek Kulka
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Michał Czopowicz
- Division of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Ewa Szarska
- Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Kozielska 4, 01-001 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Strzelec
- Department of Horse Breeding and Use, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Arkadiusz Grzeczka
- Student of the Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (A.G.); (S.G.); (M.W.)
- Department of Basic and Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Szymon Graczyk
- Student of the Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (A.G.); (S.G.); (M.W.)
- Department of Basic and Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Marta Wiśniewska
- Student of the Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (A.G.); (S.G.); (M.W.)
| | - Zofia Jędrzejkowska
- Student of the Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (A.G.); (S.G.); (M.W.)
| | - Aleksandra Rumińska
- Student of the Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (A.G.); (S.G.); (M.W.)
| | - Krzysztof Marycz
- International Institute of Translational Medicine, Jesionowa 11, Malin, 55-114 Wisznia Mała, Poland;
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Epidemiology, Veterinary Institute for Regenerative Cures, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95516, USA
| | - Anna Cywińska
- Department of Basic and Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
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Panase P, Vongkampang T, Wangkahart E, Sutthi N. Impacts of astaxanthin-enriched Paracoccus carotinifaciens on growth, immune responses, and reproduction performance of broodstock Nile tilapia during winter season. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2024; 50:1205-1224. [PMID: 38512396 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-024-01331-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
The growth, immune response, and reproductive performance of broodstock of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) under winter stress conditions were investigated the effects of supplementary diets with astaxanthin-enriched Paracoccus carotinifaciens. Throughout an eight-week period in the winter season, male and female tilapia were fed with diets containing different levels of P. carotinifaciens dietary supplementation: 0 g/kg (T1; control), 5 g/kg (T2), 10 g/kg (T3), and 20 g/kg (T4). Subsequently, a four-week mating system was implemented during the winter stress period. The results revealed that there were no significant differences observed in growth, hematological indices, and blood chemical profiles among all treatment groups for both male and female tilapia. However, a significant increase in cholesterol content was noted in both male and female tilapia fed with the T4 diet (p<0.05). The total carotenoid content in the muscle was evaluated, and significantly higher values were found in both male and female tilapia that fed T4 supplementation (p<0.05). Moreover, immunological parameters such as myeloperoxidase and antioxidant parameters in the liver including superoxide dismutase activity and catalase enzyme activity showed significant increases in tilapia fed with the T4 diet. The impact of P. carotinifaciens supplementation on broodstock tilapia indicated a significant increase in spermatozoa concentration in males and increased egg production in females after consumption of the T4 diet (p<0.05). Thus, this study highlighted that the presence of astaxanthin-enriched P. carotinifaciens in the diet of broodstock Nile tilapia can lead to the accumulation of carotenoids in their muscle tissue, improvement in antioxidant status, enhancement of immune function, and potential enhancement of reproductive capabilities, even under overwintering conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paiboon Panase
- Fisheries Division, School of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Phayao, Phayao, 56000, Thailand
- Unit of Excellence Physiology and Sustainable Production of Terrestrial and Aquatic Animals, School of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Phayao, Phayao, 56000, Thailand
| | - Thitiwut Vongkampang
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, 44150, Thailand
| | - Eakapol Wangkahart
- Department of Agricultural Technology, Faculty of Technology, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, 44150, Thailand
- Applied Animal and Aquatic Sciences Research Unit, Division of Fisheries, Faculty of Technology, Mahasarakham University, Maha sarakham, 44150, Thailand
| | - Nantaporn Sutthi
- Unit of Excellence Physiology and Sustainable Production of Terrestrial and Aquatic Animals, School of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Phayao, Phayao, 56000, Thailand.
- Department of Agricultural Technology, Faculty of Technology, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, 44150, Thailand.
- Applied Animal and Aquatic Sciences Research Unit, Division of Fisheries, Faculty of Technology, Mahasarakham University, Maha sarakham, 44150, Thailand.
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9
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Huang J, Zhang S, Liu D, Feng X, Wang Q, An S, Xu M, Chu L. Preparation and characterization of astaxanthin-loaded microcapsules stabilized by lecithin-chitosan-alginate interfaces with layer-by-layer assembly method. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131909. [PMID: 38679251 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Astaxanthin is a kind of keto-carotenes with various health benefits. However, its solubility and chemical stability are poor, which leads to low bio-availability. Microcapsules have been reported to improve the solubility, chemical stability, and bio-availability of lipophilic bioactives. Freeze-dried astaxanthin-loaded microcapsules were prepared by layer-by-layer assembly of tertiary emulsions with maltodextrin as the filling matrix. Tertiary emulsions were fabricated by performing chitosan and sodium alginate electrostatic deposition onto soybean lecithin stabilized emulsions. 0.9 wt% of chitosan solution, 0.3 wt% of sodium alginate solution and 20 wt% of maltodextrin were optimized as the suitable concentrations. The prepared microcapsules were powders with irregular blocky structures. The astaxanthin loading was 0.56 ± 0.05 % and the encapsulation efficiency was >90 %. A slow release of astaxanthin could be observed in microcapsules promoted by the modulating of chitosan, alginate and maltodextrin. In vitro simulated digestion displayed that the microcapsules increased the bio-accessibility of astaxanthin to 69 ± 1 %. Chitosan, alginate and maltodextrin can control the digestion of microcapsules. The coating of chitosan and sodium alginate, and the filling of maltodextrin in microcapsules improved the chemical stability of astaxanthin. The constructed microcapsules were valuable to enrich scientific knowledge about improving the application of functional ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Huang
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215500, China; The East China Science and Technology Research Institute of Changshu Company Limited, Changshu 215500, China.
| | - Shuo Zhang
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215500, China
| | - Dongchen Liu
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215500, China
| | - Xuan Feng
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215500, China
| | - Qingding Wang
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215500, China
| | - Shennan An
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215500, China
| | - Mengting Xu
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215500, China
| | - Lanling Chu
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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10
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Zheng Q, Xie J, Xiao J, Cao Y, Liu X. Unraveling the underlying mechanism of interactions between astaxanthin geometrical isomers and bovine serum albumin. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 308:123731. [PMID: 38064963 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
The health benefits of astaxanthin (AST) are related to its geometric isomers. Generally, functional activity is realized by the interactions between active substances and transporters. Hereto, bovine serum albumin (BSA), as a model-binding protein and transporter, is able to recognize and transport isomers of active substances through binding with them. However, differences in the binding mechanism of isomers to BSA may affect the functional activities of isomers through the "binding-transport-activity" chain reaction. Thus, this study sought to elucidate the interactions between AST geometrical isomers and BSA using multi-spectroscopy, surface plasmon resonance and molecular docking. The results showed that Z-AST displayed more interacting amino acid residues and lower thermodynamic parameters than all-E-AST. Meanwhile, the order of binding affinity to BSA was 13Z-AST (1.56 × 10-7 M) > 9Z-AST (2.70 × 10-7 M) > all-E-AST (4.01 × 10-7 M), indicating that Z-AST possessed stronger binding ability to BSA. Moreover, AST isomers were located at the junction between subdomains ⅡA and ⅢA of BSA, and showed the same interaction forces (hydrogen bond and van der Waals force) as well as kinetic processes (slow combination, slow dissociation). These interaction parameters provide valuable insights into their pharmacokinetics in vivo, and it was of great significance to explain the potential differences among AST isomers in functional activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinsheng Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Junting Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jie Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yong Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaojuan Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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11
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Çelekli A, Özbal B, Bozkurt H. Challenges in Functional Food Products with the Incorporation of Some Microalgae. Foods 2024; 13:725. [PMID: 38472838 DOI: 10.3390/foods13050725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Much attention has been given to the use of microalgae to produce functional foods that have valuable bioactive chemicals, including essential amino acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, carotenoids, fiber, and minerals. Microalgal biomasses are increasingly being used to improve the nutritional values of foods because of their unique nutrient compositions that are beneficial to human health. Their protein content and amino acid composition are the most important components. The microalgal biomass used in the therapeutic supplement industry is dominated by bio-compounds like astaxanthin, β-carotene, polyunsaturated fatty acids like eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, and polysaccharides such as β-glucan. The popularity of microalgal supplements is growing because of the health benefits of their bioactive substances. Moreover, some microalgae, such as Dunaliella, Arthrospira (Spirulina), Chlorella, and Haematococcus, are commonly used microalgal species in functional food production. The incorporation of microalgal biomass leads not only to enhanced nutritional value but also to improved sensory quality of food products without altering their cooking or textural characteristics. Microalgae, because of their eco-friendly potential, have emerged as one of the most promising and novel sources of new functional foods. This study reviews some recent and relevant works, as well as the current challenges for future research, using different methods of chemical modification in foods with the addition of a few commercial algae to allow their use in nutritional and sensory areas. It can be concluded that the production of functional foods through the use of microalgae in foods has become an important issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abuzer Çelekli
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Art and Science, Gaziantep University, 27310 Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Buket Özbal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Art and Science, Gaziantep University, 27310 Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Bozkurt
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Gaziantep, 27310 Gaziantep, Turkey
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12
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Mohamed NM, Abdelhamid AM, Aref M, Abdelhafeez M, Faris Alotabi H, Mohammed Abdelrahman DS, Elwany NE. Role of cytokines and Th17/Tregs imbalance in the pathogenesis of otitis media with effusion. Modulation of Notch1/Hes1/mTORC1/S6k1 signalling pathway underlies the protective effect of astaxanthin. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 128:111521. [PMID: 38246005 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Otitis media with effusion (OME) is a recurrent middle ear inflammatory condition. It may be complicated by acquired hearing loss and speech impairment especially in children. Accordingly, the current study aimed to assess the role of cytokines and the imbalance of Th17/Tregs in the pathogenesis of OME. Additionally, the protective effect of astaxanthin and its mechanisms related to Notch1/ Hes1/mTORC1/S6K1 signalling were investigated. METHODS Forty-eight children were grouped as follow: G1: control healthy group G2: acute otitis media (AOM) group, G3: OME group. In the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced OME rat model, 15 rats were randomised into: G1: normal control group, G2: LPS group, and G3: astaxanthin treated group. RESULTS Biochemical analysis of the children's peripheral blood samples showed that IL1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-17, and IL-23 were significantly elevated, while TGF-β was significantly decreased in AOM and OME patients (group 2 and 3). In the LPS- induced OME rat model, astaxanthin treatment resulted in suppression of IL-17, IL-6, TNF-α, Muc5A, TFF3, NICD, Hes1, mTORC1, and S6K1 in rat middle ear mucosa. Furthermore, astaxanthin significantly downregulated RORγ while upregulating FoxP3 and restored the balance between Th17/Tregs. Moreover, astaxanthin improved the histopathological picture of the inflamed middle ear mucosa. CONCLUSIONS Proinflammatory cytokines as well as Th17/Tregs imbalance play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of AOM and OME. Additionally, astaxanthin alleviated LPS- induced OME in rats through suppression of Notch1/ Hes1/mTORC1/S6K1 pathway, and regulation of Th17/Tregs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noura Mostafa Mohamed
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, 11671 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | - Mohamed Aref
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.
| | - Marwa Abdelhafeez
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt.
| | - Hadil Faris Alotabi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, 11671 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Doaa Sayed Mohammed Abdelrahman
- Department of Clinical Science, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, 11671 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nisreen E Elwany
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.
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13
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Kowalski S, Karska J, Tota M, Skinderowicz K, Kulbacka J, Drąg-Zalesińska M. Natural Compounds in Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer: Prevention and Treatment. Molecules 2024; 29:728. [PMID: 38338469 PMCID: PMC10856721 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29030728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The elevated occurrence of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) and the adverse effects associated with available treatments adversely impact the quality of life in multiple dimensions. In connection with this, there is a necessity for alternative approaches characterized by increased tolerance and lower side effects. Natural compounds could be employed due to their safety profile and effectiveness for inflammatory and neoplastic skin diseases. These anti-cancer drugs are often derived from natural sources such as marine, zoonotic, and botanical origins. Natural compounds should exhibit anti-carcinogenic actions through various pathways, influencing apoptosis potentiation, cell proliferation inhibition, and metastasis suppression. This review provides an overview of natural compounds used in cancer chemotherapies, chemoprevention, and promotion of skin regeneration, including polyphenolic compounds, flavonoids, vitamins, alkaloids, terpenoids, isothiocyanates, cannabinoids, carotenoids, and ceramides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szymon Kowalski
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteura 1, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (S.K.); (M.T.); (K.S.)
| | - Julia Karska
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteura 10, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Maciej Tota
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteura 1, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (S.K.); (M.T.); (K.S.)
| | - Katarzyna Skinderowicz
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteura 1, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (S.K.); (M.T.); (K.S.)
| | - Julita Kulbacka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Immunology and Bioelectrochemistry, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Santariškių 5, 08410 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Małgorzata Drąg-Zalesińska
- Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Division of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, T. Chalubińskiego 6a, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland;
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14
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Hwang EJ, Jeong YIL, Lee KJ, Yu YB, Ohk SH, Lee SY. Anticancer Activity of Astaxanthin-Incorporated Chitosan Nanoparticles. Molecules 2024; 29:529. [PMID: 38276606 PMCID: PMC10818874 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Astaxanthin (AST)-encapsulated nanoparticles were fabricated using glycol chitosan (Chito) through electrostatic interaction (abbreviated as ChitoAST) to solve the aqueous solubility of astaxanthin and improve its biological activity. AST was dissolved in organic solvents and then mixed with chitosan solution, followed by a dialysis procedure. All formulations of ChitoAST nanoparticles showed small diameters (less than 400 nm) with monomodal distributions. Analysis with Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy confirmed the specific peaks of AST and Chito. Furthermore, ChitoAST nanoparticles were formed through electrostatic interactions between Chito and AST. In addition, ChitoAST nanoparticles showed superior antioxidant activity, as good as AST itself; the half maximal radical scavenging concentrations (RC50) of AST and ChitoAST nanoparticles were 11.8 and 29.3 µg/mL, respectively. In vitro, AST and ChitoAST nanoparticles at 10 and 20 µg/mL properly inhibited the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROSs), nitric oxide (NO), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). ChitoAST nanoparticles had no significant cytotoxicity against RAW264.7 cells or B16F10 melanoma cells, whereas AST and ChitoAST nanoparticles inhibited the growth of cancer cells. Furthermore, AST itself and ChitoAST nanoparticles (20 µg/mL) efficiently inhibited the migration of cancer cells in a wound healing assay. An in vivo study using mice and a pulmonary metastasis model showed that ChitoAST nanoparticles were efficiently delivered to a lung with B16F10 cell metastasis; i.e., fluorescence intensity in the lung was significantly higher than in other organs. We suggest that ChitoAST nanoparticles are promising candidates for antioxidative and anticancer therapies of B16F10 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ju Hwang
- Marine Bio Research Center, Chosun University, Wando 59146, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea;
| | - Young-IL Jeong
- Research Institute of Convergence of Biomedical Sciences, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea;
| | - Kyong-Je Lee
- Department of Prosthodontics, Chosun University Dental Hospital, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea;
| | - Young-Bob Yu
- Department of Paramedicine, Nambu University, Gwangju 62271, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seung-Ho Ohk
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Chonnam National University School of Dentistry, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Sook-Young Lee
- Marine Bio Research Center, Chosun University, Wando 59146, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea;
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15
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Debnath T, Bandyopadhyay TK, Vanitha K, Bobby MN, Nath Tiwari O, Bhunia B, Muthuraj M. Astaxanthin from microalgae: A review on structure, biosynthesis, production strategies and application. Food Res Int 2024; 176:113841. [PMID: 38163732 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Astaxanthin is a red-colored secondary metabolite with excellent antioxidant properties, typically finds application as foods, feed, cosmetics, nutraceuticals, and medications. Astaxanthin is usually produced synthetically using chemicals and costs less as compared to the natural astaxanthin obtained from fish, shrimps, and microorganisms. Over the decades, astaxanthin has been naturally synthesized from Haematococcus pluvialis in commercial scales and remains exceptional, attributed to its higher bioactive properties as compared to synthetic astaxanthin. However, the production cost of algal astaxanthin is still high due to several bottlenecks prevailing in the upstream and downstream processes. To that end, the present study intends to review the recent trends and advancements in astaxanthin production from microalgae. The structure of astaxanthin, sources, production strategies of microalgal astaxanthin, and factors influencing the synthesis of microalgal astaxanthin were discussed while detailing the pathway involved in astaxanthin biosynthesis. The study also discusses the relevant downstream process used in commercial scales and details the applications of astaxanthin in various health related issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taniya Debnath
- Bioproducts Processing Research Laboratory (BPRL), Department of Bio Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Agartala, 799046, India
| | | | - Kondi Vanitha
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Vishnu Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Narsapur, Medak, Telangana, India
| | - Md Nazneen Bobby
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan's Foundation for Science Technology and Research, Guntur 522213, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Onkar Nath Tiwari
- Centre for Conservation and Utilization of Blue Green Algae, Division of Microbiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute (ICAR), New Delhi 110012, India.
| | - Biswanath Bhunia
- Bioproducts Processing Research Laboratory (BPRL), Department of Bio Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Agartala, 799046, India.
| | - Muthusivaramapandian Muthuraj
- Bioproducts Processing Research Laboratory (BPRL), Department of Bio Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Agartala, 799046, India; Department of Bio Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Agartala-799046, India.
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16
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Medoro A, Davinelli S, Milella L, Willcox BJ, Allsopp RC, Scapagnini G, Willcox DC. Dietary Astaxanthin: A Promising Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Agent for Brain Aging and Adult Neurogenesis. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:643. [PMID: 38132964 PMCID: PMC10744637 DOI: 10.3390/md21120643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Decreased adult neurogenesis, or the gradual depletion of neural stem cells in adult neurogenic niches, is considered a hallmark of brain aging. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the intricate relationship between aging, adult neurogenesis, and the potential neuroregenerative properties of astaxanthin, a carotenoid principally extracted from the microalga Haematococcus pluvialis. The unique chemical structure of astaxanthin enables it to cross the blood-brain barrier and easily reach the brain, where it may positively influence adult neurogenesis. Astaxanthin can affect molecular pathways involved in the homeostasis, through the activation of FOXO3-related genetic pathways, growth, and regeneration of adult brain neurons, enhancing cell proliferation and the potency of stem cells in neural progenitor cells. Furthermore, astaxanthin appears to modulate neuroinflammation by suppressing the NF-κB pathway, reducing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and limiting neuroinflammation associated with aging and chronic microglial activation. By modulating these pathways, along with its potent antioxidant properties, astaxanthin may contribute to the restoration of a healthy neurogenic microenvironment, thereby preserving the activity of neurogenic niches during both normal and pathological aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Medoro
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (A.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Sergio Davinelli
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (A.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Luigi Milella
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, V. le Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy;
| | - Bradley J. Willcox
- Center of Biomedical Research Excellence for Translational Research on Aging, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI 96817, USA; (B.J.W.); (R.C.A.); (D.C.W.)
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Richard C. Allsopp
- Center of Biomedical Research Excellence for Translational Research on Aging, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI 96817, USA; (B.J.W.); (R.C.A.); (D.C.W.)
- Institute for Biogenesis Research, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Giovanni Scapagnini
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (A.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Donald Craig Willcox
- Center of Biomedical Research Excellence for Translational Research on Aging, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI 96817, USA; (B.J.W.); (R.C.A.); (D.C.W.)
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
- Department of Human Welfare, Okinawa International University, Ginowan 901-2211, Japan
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17
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Zhang Y, Takahama K, Osawa Y, Kuwahara D, Yamada R, Oyama KI, Honda M. Characteristics of LED light-induced geometrical isomerization and degradation of astaxanthin and improvement of the color value and crystallinity of astaxanthin utilizing the photoisomerization. Food Res Int 2023; 174:113553. [PMID: 37986432 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
The effects of light-emitting diode (LED) irradiation characterized by different emission wavelengths on the E/Z-isomerization and degradation of astaxanthin were investigated. LED irradiation slightly promoted Z-isomerization of astaxanthin, whereas the all-E-isomerization was highly efficiently promoted at specific wavelengths, especially at 365 nm. Astaxanthin isomers did not degrade significantly when dissolved in ethanol and subjected to LED irradiation conditions for 300 min. However, significant degradation was achieved when ethyl acetate was used for dissolution, and the samples were irradiated at the wavelength of 405 nm. The addition of α-tocopherol suppressed the photodegradation of astaxanthin. LED irradiation significantly affected the physical properties of astaxanthin Z-isomers. Irradiation with 365, 405, and 470 nm LEDs enhanced the color value (redness) and crystallinity of the Z-isomers via an all-E-isomerization reaction. These findings can contribute to the development of technologies that can arbitrarily control the E/Z-isomer ratio and physical properties of astaxanthin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yelin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science & Technology, Meijo University, 1-501 Shiogamaguchi, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 468-8502, Japan; Department of Materials Process Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Kentaro Takahama
- Technical Center, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yukiko Osawa
- Biotechnology R&D Group, ENEOS Corporation, 8 Chidoricho, Naka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 231-0815, Japan
| | - Daichi Kuwahara
- Biotechnology R&D Group, ENEOS Corporation, 8 Chidoricho, Naka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 231-0815, Japan
| | - Rio Yamada
- Chemical Instrumentation Facility, Research Center for Materials Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kin-Ichi Oyama
- Chemical Instrumentation Facility, Research Center for Materials Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Masaki Honda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science & Technology, Meijo University, 1-501 Shiogamaguchi, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 468-8502, Japan.
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18
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Shastak Y, Pelletier W. Captivating Colors, Crucial Roles: Astaxanthin's Antioxidant Impact on Fish Oxidative Stress and Reproductive Performance. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3357. [PMID: 37958112 PMCID: PMC10648254 DOI: 10.3390/ani13213357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Fish, constantly exposed to environmental stressors due to their aquatic habitat and high metabolic rates, are susceptible to oxidative stress. This review examines the interplay between oxidative stress and fish reproduction, emphasizing the potent antioxidant properties of astaxanthin. Our primary objective is to highlight astaxanthin's role in mitigating oxidative stress during critical reproductive stages, leading to improved gamete quality, ovary development, and hormone levels. We also explore its practical applications in aquaculture, including enhanced pigmentation and overall fish health. We conducted a comprehensive literature review, analyzing studies on astaxanthin's antioxidant properties and its impact on fish reproduction. Astaxanthin, a carotenoid pigment, effectively combats reactive oxygen species, inhibiting lipid peroxidation and maintaining membrane integrity. It significantly enhances reproductive success in fish and improves overall fish health in aquaculture settings. This review reveals astaxanthin's multifaceted benefits in fish health and reproduction, offering economic advantages in aquaculture. Future research should delve into species-specific responses, optimal dosages, and the long-term effects of astaxanthin supplementation to inform sustainable aquaculture strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yauheni Shastak
- Nutrition & Health Division, BASF SE, 67063 Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
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Zhou LY, Wu ZM, Chen XQ, Yu BB, Pan MX, Fang L, Li J, Cui XJ, Yao M, Lu X. Astaxanthin promotes locomotor function recovery and attenuates tissue damage in rats following spinal cord injury: a systematic review and trial sequential analysis. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1255755. [PMID: 37881327 PMCID: PMC10595034 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1255755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a catastrophic condition with few therapeutic options. Astaxanthin (AST), a natural nutritional supplement with powerful antioxidant activities, is finding its new application in the field of SCI. Here, we performed a systematic review to assess the neurological roles of AST in rats following SCI, and assessed the potential for clinical translation. Searches were conducted on PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, the Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang data, Vip Journal Integration Platform, and SinoMed databases. Animal studies that evaluated the neurobiological roles of AST in a rat model of SCI were included. A total of 10 articles were included; most of them had moderate-to-high methodological quality, while the overall quality of evidence was not high. Generally, the meta-analyses revealed that rats treated with AST exhibited an increased Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) score compared with the controls, and the weighted mean differences (WMDs) between those two groups showed a gradual upward trend from days 7 (six studies, n = 88, WMD = 2.85, 95% CI = 1.83 to 3.87, p < 0.00001) to days 28 (five studies, n = 76, WMD = 6.42, 95% CI = 4.29 to 8.55, p < 0.00001) after treatment. AST treatment was associated with improved outcomes in spared white matter area, motor neuron survival, and SOD and MDA levels. Subgroup analyses indicated there were differences in the improvement of BBB scores between distinct injury types. The trial sequential analysis then firmly proved that AST could facilitate the locomotor recovery of rats following SCI. In addition, this review suggested that AST could modulate oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, neuron loss, and autophagy via multiple signaling pathways for treating SCI. Collectively, with a protective effect, good safety, and a systematic action mechanism, AST is a promising candidate for future clinical trials of SCI. Nonetheless, in light of the limitations of the included studies, larger and high-quality studies are needed for verification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-yun Zhou
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zi-ming Wu
- Spine Disease Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu-qing Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin-bin Yu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meng-xiao Pan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lu Fang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xue-jun Cui
- Spine Disease Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Yao
- Spine Disease Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Lu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Telegina TA, Vechtomova YL, Aybush AV, Buglak AA, Kritsky MS. Isomerization of carotenoids in photosynthesis and metabolic adaptation. Biophys Rev 2023; 15:887-906. [PMID: 37974987 PMCID: PMC10643480 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-023-01156-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In nature, carotenoids are present as trans- and cis-isomers. Various physical and chemical factors like light, heat, acids, catalytic agents, and photosensitizers can contribute to the isomerization of carotenoids. Living organisms in the process of evolution have developed different mechanisms of adaptation to light stress, which can also involve isomeric forms of carotenoids. Particularly, light stress conditions can enhance isomerization processes. The purpose of this work is to review the recent studies on cis/trans isomerization of carotenoids as well as the role of carotenoid isomers for the light capture, energy transfer, photoprotection in light-harvesting complexes, and reaction centers of the photosynthetic apparatus of plants and other photosynthetic organisms. The review also presents recent studies of carotenoid isomers for the biomedical aspects, showing cis- and trans-isomers differ in bioavailability, antioxidant activity and biological activity, which can be used for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. A. Telegina
- Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 33 Leninsky Prospect, Building 2, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuliya L. Vechtomova
- Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 33 Leninsky Prospect, Building 2, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - A. V. Aybush
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygina Street, Building 1, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - A. A. Buglak
- Saint Petersburg State University, 7-9 Universitetskaya Emb., 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - M. S. Kritsky
- Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 33 Leninsky Prospect, Building 2, 119071 Moscow, Russia
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21
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Kong D, Liu Y, Li L, Wang H, Li K, Zheng G. Astaxanthin ameliorates oxidative stress in lens epithelial cells by regulating GPX4 and ferroptosis. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 383:110684. [PMID: 37648051 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a form of regulated cell death closely associated with oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction and is characterised by the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid species and iron overload. Damage to human lens epithelial cells (LECs) is associated with age-related cataract progression. Astaxanthin (ATX), a carotenoid with natural antioxidant properties, counteracts ferroptosis in the treatment of various degenerative diseases. However, this mechanism has not been reported with respect to cataract treatment. In this study, the differential expression levels of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) in the lens of young and aged mice were analysed. Continuous ATX supplementation for 8 months upregulated GPX4 expression in the mouse LECs and delayed the progression of ferroptosis. Upon treatment with erastin, ROS and malondialdehyde accumulated and the mitochondrial membrane potential decreased. At the same time, the expressions of GPX4, SLC7A11, and ferritin were suppressed in human LECs. All of these phenomena were partially reversed by ATX and Fer-1, a ferroptosis inhibitor. This study confirmed that the ATX-mediated targeting of GPX4 might alleviate human LECs damage by inhibiting ferroptosis and ameliorating oxidative stress and that this could represent a promising therapeutic approach for age-related cataract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deqian Kong
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China
| | - Huajun Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China
| | - Guangying Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China.
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22
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Liu N, Lyu X, Zhang X, Zhang F, Chen Y, Li G. Astaxanthin attenuates cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease models by reducing oxidative stress via the SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathway. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:173. [PMID: 37710272 PMCID: PMC10503143 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01129-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in neurodegenerative diseases. Astaxanthin (AST) can play a neuroprotective role owing to its long-chain conjugated unsaturated double bond, which imparts potent antioxidant, anti-neuroinflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties. However, the biological mechanisms underlying these effects remain unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate and validate the protective effect of AST on neuronal senescence and apoptosis caused by oxidative stress induced by Aβ25-35 peptide, with the goal of preventing the onset of cognitive dysfunction. METHODS Alzheimer's disease models comprising ICR mice and PC12 cells were established using Aβ25-35. The Morris water maze test was used to assess mouse behavior. Nissl staining revealed morphological changes in the mouse hippocampal neurons. To elucidate the mechanism of action of AST, ICR mice and PC12 cells were treated with the silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) inhibitor nicotinamide (NAM). Additionally, immunofluorescence, western blotting, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction were used to evaluate changes in the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in the mouse hippocampus, and SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathway proteins were detected. Moreover, the oxidative stress markers in ICR mice and PC12 cells were evaluated. Further, CCK-8 assays, Annexin V/PI double staining, and β-galactosidase activity assays were performed in PC12 cells to evaluate the anti-senescence and apoptotic effects of AST. RESULTS In vivo experiments showed that Aβ25-35 impaired cognitive function, promoted morphological changes in hippocampal neurons, decreased Bcl-2 expression, increased Bax expression, decreased superoxide dismutase and GSH-px levels, and increased reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde levels. Conversely, AST alleviated the impact of Aβ25-35 in mice, with reversed outcomes. NAM administration reduced SIRT1 and PGC-1α expression in the hippocampus. This decrease was accompanied by cognitive dysfunction and hippocampal neuron atrophy, which were also evident in the mice. Additionally, in vitro experiments showed that Aβ25-35 could promote oxidative stress and induce the senescence and apoptosis of PC12 cells. Nonetheless, AST treatment counteracted this effect by inhibiting oxidative stress and altering the state of PC12 cells. Notably, the Aβ + NAM group exhibited the most significant rates of senescence and apoptosis in PC12 cells following NAM treatment. CONCLUSION AST can improve cellular senescence and apoptosis mediated by oxidative stress via the SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathway and plays a vital role in inhibiting neuronal senescence and apoptosis and enhancing cognitive ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Liu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, China
| | - Xiaohong Lyu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, China.
| | - Xianglin Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, China
| | - Yiming Chen
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, China
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Li X, Zhang L, Zhong Z, Sun S, Wu J, Liu F, Cao Z, Lu H, Liao X, Zhou B, Chen J. Sanguinarine exposure induces immunotoxicity and abnormal locomotor behavior in zebrafish. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 139:108898. [PMID: 37301310 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sanguinarine (C20H14NO4+), a plant alkaloid and pesticide, works well a fungicidal and insecticidal applications. The prospect that sanguinarine may have potentially toxic effects on aquatic organisms has been brought to light by its use in agriculture. The first evaluation of the immunotoxic and behavioral effects of sanguinarine exposure on larval zebrafish was done in this work. Firstly, zebrafish embryos exposed to sanguinarine had shorter body length, larger yolk sacs, and slower heart rates. Secondly, the number of innate immune cells was significantly reduced. Thirdly, alterations in locomotor behavior were observed as exposure concentrations increased. Total distance travelled, travel time, and mean speed were all reduced. We also found significant changes in oxidative stress-related indicators and a significant increase in apoptosis in the embryos. Further studies revealed aberrant expression of some key genes in the TLR immune signaling pathway including CXCL-c1c, IL8, MYD88, and TLR4. At the same time, the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IFN-γ was upregulated. To sum up, our results suggest that sanguinarine exposure may cause immunotoxicity and aberrant behavior in larval zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China; School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, China; State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science of Ministry of Health and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325003, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zilin Zhong
- Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-like Intelligence, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200434, China
| | - Sujie Sun
- Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-like Intelligence, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200434, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China
| | - Fasheng Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zigang Cao
- Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China
| | - Huiqiang Lu
- Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xinjun Liao
- Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Bing Zhou
- Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-like Intelligence, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200434, China.
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24
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Davan I, Fakurazi S, Alias E, Ibrahim N'I, Hwei NM, Hassan H. Astaxanthin as a Potent Antioxidant for Promoting Bone Health: An Up-to-Date Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1480. [PMID: 37508018 PMCID: PMC10376010 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, bone loss and its associated diseases have become a significant public health concern due to increased disability, morbidity, and mortality. Oxidative stress and bone loss are correlated, where oxidative stress suppresses osteoblast activity, resulting in compromised homeostasis between bone formation and resorption. This event causes upregulation of bone remodeling turnover rate with an increased risk of fractures and bone loss. Therefore, supplementation of antioxidants can be proposed to reduce oxidative stress, facilitate the bone remodeling process, suppress the initiation of bone diseases, and improve bone health. Astaxanthin (3,3'-dihydroxy-4-4'-diketo-β-β carotene), a potent antioxidant belonging to the xanthophylls family, is a potential ROS scavenger and could be a promising therapeutic nutraceutical possessing various pharmacological properties. In bone, astaxanthin enhances osteoblast differentiation, osteocytes numbers, and/or differentiation, inhibits osteoclast differentiation, cartilage degradation markers, and increases bone mineral density, expression of osteogenic markers, while reducing bone loss. In this review, we presented the up-to-date findings of the potential anabolic effects of astaxanthin on bone health in vitro, animal, and human studies by providing comprehensive evidence for its future clinical application, especially in treating bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iswari Davan
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Sharida Fakurazi
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Ekram Alias
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Nurul 'Izzah Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Ng Min Hwei
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Haniza Hassan
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia
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25
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Lu X, Li W, Wang Q, Wang J, Qin S. Progress on the Extraction, Separation, Biological Activity, and Delivery of Natural Plant Pigments. Molecules 2023; 28:5364. [PMID: 37513236 PMCID: PMC10385551 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural plant pigments are safe and have low toxicity, with various nutrients and biological activities. However, the extraction, preservation, and application of pigments are limited due to the instability of natural pigments. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the extraction and application processes of natural plant pigments in detail. This review discusses the classification, extraction methods, biological activities, and modification methods that could improve the stability of various pigments from plants, providing a reference for applying natural plant pigments in the industry and the cosmetics, food, and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianwen Lu
- Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264032, China
| | - Wenjun Li
- Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264032, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264032, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264032, China
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Song Qin
- Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264032, China
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26
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Polyakov NE, Focsan AL, Gao Y, Kispert LD. The Endless World of Carotenoids-Structural, Chemical and Biological Aspects of Some Rare Carotenoids. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9885. [PMID: 37373031 PMCID: PMC10298575 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids are a large and diverse group of compounds that have been shown to have a wide range of potential health benefits. While some carotenoids have been extensively studied, many others have not received as much attention. Studying the physicochemical properties of carotenoids using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and density functional theory (DFT) helped us understand their chemical structure and how they interact with other molecules in different environments. Ultimately, this can provide insights into their potential biological activity and how they might be used to promote health. In particular, some rare carotenoids, such as sioxanthin, siphonaxanthin and crocin, that are described here contain more functional groups than the conventional carotenoids, or have similar groups but with some situated outside of the rings, such as sapronaxanthin, myxol, deinoxanthin and sarcinaxanthin. By careful design or self-assembly, these rare carotenoids can form multiple H-bonds and coordination bonds in host molecules. The stability, oxidation potentials and antioxidant activity of the carotenoids can be improved in host molecules, and the photo-oxidation efficiency of the carotenoids can also be controlled. The photostability of the carotenoids can be increased if the carotenoids are embedded in a nonpolar environment when no bonds are formed. In addition, the application of nanosized supramolecular systems for carotenoid delivery can improve the stability and biological activity of rare carotenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay E. Polyakov
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics & Combustion, Institutskaya Str. 3, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia;
| | - A. Ligia Focsan
- Department of Chemistry, Valdosta State University, Valdosta, GA 31698, USA;
| | - Yunlong Gao
- College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
| | - Lowell D. Kispert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
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27
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Mussagy CU, Kot A, Dufossé L, Gonçalves CNDP, Pereira JFB, Santos-Ebinuma VC, Raghavan V, Pessoa A. Microbial astaxanthin: from bioprocessing to the market recognition. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s00253-023-12586-1. [PMID: 37233757 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12586-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The attractive biological properties and health benefits of natural astaxanthin (AXT), including its antioxidant and anti-carcinogenic properties, have garnered significant attention from academia and industry seeking natural alternatives to synthetic products. AXT, a red ketocarotenoid, is mainly produced by yeast, microalgae, wild or genetically engineered bacteria. Unfortunately, the large fraction of AXT available in the global market is still obtained using non-environmentally friendly petrochemical-based products. Due to the consumers concerns about synthetic AXT, the market of microbial-AXT is expected to grow exponentially in succeeding years. This review provides a detailed discussion of AXT's bioprocessing technologies and applications as a natural alternative to synthetic counterparts. Additionally, we present, for the first time, a very comprehensive segmentation of the global AXT market and suggest research directions to improve microbial production using sustainable and environmentally friendly practices. KEY POINTS: • Unlock the power of microorganisms for high value AXT production. • Discover the secrets to cost-effective microbial AXT processing. • Uncover the future opportunities in the AXT market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassamo U Mussagy
- Escuela de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas Y de los Alimentos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, 2260000, Quillota, Chile.
| | - Anna Kot
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Laurent Dufossé
- Chemistry and Biotechnology of Natural Products, CHEMBIOPRO, ESIROI Agroalimentaire, Université de La Réunion, 15 Avenue René Cassin, CS 92003, CEDEX 9, 97744, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Carmem N D P Gonçalves
- CIEPQPF, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima, Pólo II - Pinhal de Marrocos, 3030-790, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jorge F B Pereira
- CIEPQPF, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima, Pólo II - Pinhal de Marrocos, 3030-790, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Valeria C Santos-Ebinuma
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, 14800-903, Brazil
| | - Vijaya Raghavan
- Department of Bioresource Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Adalberto Pessoa
- Department of Pharmaceutical-Biochemical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Butantã, São Paulo, Brazil
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28
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Wang T, Liu Y, Zhou Y, Liu Q, Zhang Q, Sun M, Sun M, Li H, Xu A, Liu Y. Astaxanthin protected against the adverse effects induced by diesel exhaust particulate matter via improving membrane stability and anti-oxidative property. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 456:131684. [PMID: 37236114 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Diesel exhaust particulate matter (DPM), which has been clarified as a Group I carcinogenic agent, is still challenging in its detoxification due to the complex composition and toxic mechanisms. Astaxanthin (AST) is a pleiotropic small biological molecule widely used in medical and healthcare with surprising effects and applications. The present study aimed to investigate the protective effects of AST on DPM-induced injury and the underlying mechanism. Our results indicated that AST significantly suppressed the generation of phosphorylated histone H2AX (γ-H2AX, marker of DNA damage) and inflammation caused by DPM both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, AST prevented the endocytosis and intracellular accumulation of DPM via regulating the stability and fluidity of plasma membranes. Moreover, the oxidative stress elicited by DPM in cells could also be effectively inhibited by AST, together with protecting the structure and function of mitochondria. These investigations provided clear evidence that AST notably reduced DPM invasion and intracellular accumulation by modulating the membrane-endocytotic pathway, which eventually reduced intracellular oxidative stress caused by DPM. Our data might provide a novel clue for curing and treating the harmful effects of particulate matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology; Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, CAS; High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, CAS, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, P. R. China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Ying Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology; Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, CAS; High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, CAS, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, P. R. China
| | - Yemian Zhou
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology; Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, CAS; High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, CAS, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, P. R. China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Qiao Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology; Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, CAS; High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, CAS, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, P. R. China; Department of Pathophysiology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, PR China
| | - Qixing Zhang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Mengzi Sun
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology; Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, CAS; High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, CAS, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, P. R. China; Department of Pathophysiology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, PR China
| | - Meng Sun
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology; Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, CAS; High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, CAS, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, P. R. China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Han Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology; Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, CAS; High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, CAS, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, P. R. China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - An Xu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology; Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, CAS; High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, CAS, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, P. R. China; Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, PR China.
| | - Yun Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology; Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, CAS; High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, CAS, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, P. R. China.
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Wan M, Xiao J, Liu J, Yang D, Wang Y, Liu J, Huang L, Liu F, Xiong G, Liao X, Lu H, Cao Z, Zhang S. Cyclosporine A induces hepatotoxicity in zebrafish larvae via upregulating oxidative stress. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 266:109560. [PMID: 36720376 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
As a powerful immunosuppressant, cyclosporine A (CsA) is widely used clinically. However, it has been found to have many side effects including nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity. Despite this, some patients cannot avoid using CsA during pregnancy and this can be detrimental to both the patient and the foetus. This study used zebrafish as a model animal to evaluate the hepatotoxic effects of CsA in zebrafish embryos. Zebrafish embryos cultured at 72 post-fertilization (hpf) were exposed to three concentrations of CsA at 2.5 mg/L, 5 mg/L, and 10 mg/L for 72 h. Liver developmental defects, smaller or missing swim bladder, slower heart rate, reduced body length, and delayed yolk sac absorption were observed. The level of oxidative stress (ROS) increased with the increase of CsA concentration. The indicators of related oxidative stress kinase activities including malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT) and SOD, all appeared to significantly increased. The use of astaxanthin (ATX) to inhibit oxidative stress was found to be useful for rescuing zebrafish hepatic development defects. Therefore, our results suggest that CsA induces zebrafish embryonic hepatic development defects by activating the oxidative stress. The study of CsA-induced hepatic development defects of zebrafish embryos is helpful for clinical evaluation of the safety of CsA and enables the search for new use without side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Wan
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China; Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006,China
| | - Juhua Xiao
- Department of Ultrasound, Jiangxi Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jiejun Liu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China
| | - Dou Yang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jieping Liu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ling Huang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China
| | - Fasheng Liu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China
| | - Guanghua Xiong
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xinjun Liao
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China
| | - Huiqiang Lu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zigang Cao
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Shouhua Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006,China.
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Afzali A, Nazari H, Ahmadi E, Davoodian N, Amidi F, Taheri F, Bashiri Z, Kadivar A, Nemati Dehkordi M. The protective effects of astaxanthin on pre-antral follicle degeneration in ovine vitrified/warmed ovarian tissue. Cryobiology 2023:S0011-2240(23)00024-X. [PMID: 36925029 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
This study assesses the protective effects of astaxanthin (AST) against vitrification/warming-induced cryoinjuries of ovarian tissue slices in sheep. Cortical slices of slaughterhouse acquired-ovine ovaries were randomly distributed in different groups: fresh, toxicity, and five vitrification groups including vitrification in presence of 0 (control group), 1, 10 and 100 μM astaxanthin or 100 μM vitamin E. After vitrification/warming and 24 h culturing, the samples were subjected to histological studies, antioxidant evaluation by TAC and TBAR assays, and assessment of relative expression of BMP4, BMP15, GDF9 and KITLG genes related to folliculogenesis and follicular growth regulation. According to the results, vitrification reduced the percentage of morphologically intact follicles compared to the fresh and toxicity groups (p < 0.05). In vitrification groups, vitamin E and all three concentrations of AST increased the percentage of intact pre-antral follicles and antioxidant activity relative to the vitrified control (p < 0.05). This enhancement significantly occurred in 10 μM AST group more than vitamin E (p < 0.05). Also, 10 μM concentration of AST enhanced the expression of all the examined genes compared to the control (p < 0.05), while the expression of BMP4, BMP15 and KITLG was higher in the AST than vitamin E (p < 0.05). The latter could increase only the expression of GDF9 compared to the control group (p = 0.011). In conclusion, AST is a highly effective antioxidant for maintaining the survival of pre-antral follicles, retaining cell density, increasing total antioxidant capacity, and increasing the expression of some genes related to follicular development after short-term culture of vitrified/warmed ovarian tissue slices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azita Afzali
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Hassan Nazari
- Research Institute of Animal Embryo Technology, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Ebrahim Ahmadi
- Research Institute of Animal Embryo Technology, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Najmeh Davoodian
- Research Institute of Animal Embryo Technology, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Fardin Amidi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Taheri
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Zahra Bashiri
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Omid Fertility and Infertility Clinic, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Ali Kadivar
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Maryam Nemati Dehkordi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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Liu X, Xie J, Zhou L, Zhang J, Chen Z, Xiao J, Cao Y, Xiao H. Recent advances in health benefits and bioavailability of dietary astaxanthin and its isomers. Food Chem 2023; 404:134605. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Duan X, Xie C, Hill DRA, Barrow CJ, Dunshea FR, Martin GJO, Suleria HA. Bioaccessibility, Bioavailability and Bioactivities of Carotenoids in Microalgae: A Review. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2023.2165095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Duan
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Cundong Xie
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - David R. A. Hill
- Algal Processing Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Colin J. Barrow
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, Australia
| | - Frank R. Dunshea
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, The University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Gregory J. O. Martin
- Algal Processing Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Hafiz A.R. Suleria
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, Australia
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Natural Astaxanthin Is a Green Antioxidant Able to Counteract Lipid Peroxidation and Ferroptotic Cell Death. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315137. [PMID: 36499464 PMCID: PMC9737268 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Astaxanthin is a red orange xanthophyll carotenoid produced mainly by microalgae but which can also be chemically synthesized. As demonstrated by several studies, this lipophilic molecule is endowed with potent antioxidant properties and is able to modulate biological functions. Unlike synthetic astaxanthin, natural astaxanthin (NAst) is considered safe for human nutrition, and its production is considered eco-friendly. The antioxidant activity of astaxanthin depends on its bioavailability, which, in turn, is related to its hydrophobicity. In this study, we analyzed the water-solubility of NAst and assessed its protective effect against oxidative stress by means of different approaches using a neuroblastoma cell model. Moreover, due to its highly lipophilic nature, astaxanthin is particularly protective against lipid peroxidation; therefore, the role of NAst in counteracting ferroptosis was investigated. This recently discovered process of programmed cell death is indeed characterized by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation and seems to be linked to the onset and development of oxidative-stress-related diseases. The promising results of this study, together with the "green sources" from which astaxanthin could derive, suggest a potential role for NAst in the prevention and co-treatment of chronic degenerative diseases by means of a sustainable approach.
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Li X, Liao X, Chen C, Zhang L, Sun S, Wan M, Liu J, Huang L, Yang D, Hu H, Ma X, Zhong Z, Liu F, Xiong G, Lu H, Chen J, Cao Z. Propranolol hydrochloride induces neurodevelopmental toxicity and locomotor disorders in zebrafish larvae. Neurotoxicology 2022; 93:337-347. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2022.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Rizvi SAA, Einstein GP, Tulp OL, Sainvil F, Branly R. Introduction to Traditional Medicine and Their Role in Prevention and Treatment of Emerging and Re-Emerging Diseases. Biomolecules 2022; 12:1442. [PMID: 36291651 PMCID: PMC9599697 DOI: 10.3390/biom12101442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases have been a threat to human health globally. The relentless efforts and research have enabled us to overcome most of the diseases through the use of antiviral and antibiotic agents discovered and employed. Unfortunately, the microorganisms have the capability to adapt and mutate over time and antibiotic and antiviral resistance ensues. There are many challenges in treating infections such as failure of the microorganisms to respond to the therapeutic agents, which has led to more chronic infections, complications, and preventable loss of life. Thus, a multidisciplinary approach and collaboration is warranted to create more potent, effective, and versatile therapies to prevent and eradicate the old and newly emerging diseases. In the recent past, natural medicine has proven its effectiveness against various illnesses. Most of the pharmaceutical agents currently used can trace their origin to the natural products in one way, shape, or form. The full potential of natural products is yet to be realized, as numerous natural resources have not been explored and analyzed. This merits continuous support in research and analysis of ancient treatment systems to explore their full potential and employ them as an alternative or principal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed A. A. Rizvi
- College of Biomedical Sciences, Larkin University, Miami, FL 33169, USA
| | - George P. Einstein
- College of Medicine, University of Science, Arts and Technology, Olveston P.O. Box 506, UK
| | - Orien L. Tulp
- College of Medicine, University of Science, Arts and Technology, Olveston P.O. Box 506, UK
| | - Frantz Sainvil
- College of Medicine, University of Science, Arts and Technology, Olveston P.O. Box 506, UK
| | - Rolando Branly
- Physical Sciences Department, Broward College, Davie, FL 33332, USA
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Gao Q, Qiao X, Yang L, Cao Y, Li Z, Xu J, Xue C. Effects of microencapsulation in dairy matrix on the quality characteristics and bioavailability of docosahexaenoic acid astaxanthin. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:5711-5719. [PMID: 35396734 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compared with free astaxanthin (Asta), docosahexaenoic acid astaxanthin monoester (Asta-C22:6) has higher stability and bioavailability. However, Asta-E is still unable to be used in the water system. Hence it is necessary to build a water-soluble delivery system. In this study, Asta-C22:6 microemulsion and microcapsule using whey protein isolate (WPI) and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβ-CD) as composite wall material were prepared. They were added to three dairy products (milk powder, yogurt and flavored dairy product). A dairy product rich in Asta-C22:6 with high bioavailability was designed by measuring quality characteristics, sensory evaluation and in vivo experiments. RESULTS Compared with spray drying, the freeze-drying microcapsule had a higher encapsulation efficiency (72.5%), water content (4%) and better solubility, and Asta-C22:6 microcapsule (1 g L-1 ) yogurt had the best quality. The bioavailability of Asta-C22:6 microcapsule yogurt was further evaluated. After a single oral dose in mice, the bioavailability of Asta-C22:6 microcapsule in yogurt was significantly increased (Cmax = 0.31 μg mL-1 , AUC0-T = 3.20 h μg mL-1 ). CONCLUSION We successfully prepared Asta-C22:6 microcapsule yogurt, which improved the stability and bioavailability of Asta. The present research is meaningful for delivering unstable bioactive small molecules based on WPI and HPβ-CD. It provides an experimental basis for the application of Asta-C22:6 and the development of functional dairy products. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Gao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xing Qiao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Lu Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yunrui Cao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhaojie Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Jie Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Changhu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory of Marine Drugs and Biological Products, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
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Zhang Q, Li J, Yi X, Li Z, Liang S, Fang Z, Lin Y, Xu S, Feng B, Zhuo Y, Wu D, Che L. Rhodotorula benthica culture as an alternative to antibiotics improves growth performance by improving nutrients digestibility and intestinal morphology, and modulating gut microbiota of weaned piglets. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:964531. [PMID: 36118236 PMCID: PMC9479635 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.964531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of Rhodotorula benthica culture (RBC) and antibiotics (AB) on the growth performance, nutrients digestibility, morphological indicators, and colonic microbiota of weaning piglets were explored. Ninety-six (Duroc × Landrace × Large) weaned piglets (21-day-old) weighing 7.7 ± 0.83 kg, were randomly allocated to 4 dietary treatments. They were fed with basal diet (CON), basal diet + 25 mg/kg bacitracin zinc + 5 mg/kg colistin sulfate (AB), 5 g/kg reduction in soybean meal of basal diet + 5 g/kg RBC (RBC1), or 10 g/kg reduction in soybean meal of basal diet + 10 g/kg RBC (RBC2). The results showed that dietary RBC1 improved the body gain/feed intake (G/F) of weaned piglets than the CON diet, and the RBC2 diet improved the average daily gain and G/F than CON and AB diets from days 15 to 28 (P < 0.05). Supplementation of RBC2 improved the apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter, nitrogen, and gross energy in weaned piglets compared to controls from days 15 to 28 (P < 0.05). Dietary AB, RBC1, and RBC2 enhanced the ileal villus height (VH) and VH/crypt depth (CD), and these two indicators were greater in the RBC2-treated piglets than in the AB- and RBC1-treated piglets (P < 0.05). The activity of serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) was enhanced by dietary AB, RBC1, and RBC2 (P < 0.05). Serum glutathione (GSH) concentration was elevated by dietary RBC1 and RBC2 (P < 0.05). According to 16S rRNA sequence analysis, AB- and RBC2-treated piglets had a higher relative abundance of Firmicutes and Lachnospiraceae in the colon digesta, and more abundant Lactobacillus was found in RBC1-treated piglets, as compared to the CON group. Additionally, RBC2 supplementation increased the α diversity [Chao1, PD-whole-tree, and observed operational taxonomic units (OTUs)] compared to the CON group. Taken together, the dietary RBC improved the growth performance of weaned piglets. In addition, 10 g/kg of RBC2 in the diet achieved better effects on higher ADG, ileal villi morphology, and stronger antioxidant capacity than dietary AB and RBC1 in weaning piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Yi
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Pain, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Zipeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuang Liang
- Guangzhou Prosyn Biological Technology Feed CO., LTD., Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengfeng Fang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shengyu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Feng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - De Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lianqiang Che
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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A review on current and future advancements for commercialized microalgae species. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2022.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Separation and Concentration of Astaxanthin and Lutein from Microalgae Liquid Extracts Using Magnetic Nanoparticles. MAGNETOCHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/magnetochemistry8080080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The downstream processing of natural active molecules remains the most significant cost in the production pipeline. This considerable cost is largely attributed to rigorous chromatographic purification protocols. In an ongoing effort to abate the dependence on chromatography in downstream processing, alternative affinity matrices in the form of magnetic particles (e.g., iron oxide) have emerged as viable candidates. Nevertheless, biotechnological applications of iron oxide particles are still confined to the research level or for low-throughput clinical applications. Herein, we describe an efficient, quick, and environmentally friendly method for the isolation of astaxanthin and lutein, two carotenoids with very similar chemical structure, from extracts of the microalga Haematococcus pluvialis. The technology proposed, named Selective Magnetic Separation (SMS), is based on the use of magnetic materials carrying affinity ligands that bind carotenoids and is applied as second step of purification. The method, thanks to functionalized magnetic nanoparticles, reduces the use of organic or toxic solvents. In the present work, we examined the most efficient binding conditions such as temperature, magnetic nanoparticles concentration, and elution time, as well as their effects on carotenoids recovery, with the aim to improve the non-covalent binding between the ligand (amines) and astaxanthin/lutein. Our initial results clearly showed that it is possible to use magnetic separation as an alternative to chromatography to isolate important and valuable compounds.
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Patil AD, Kasabe PJ, Dandge PB. Pharmaceutical and nutraceutical potential of natural bioactive pigment: astaxanthin. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2022; 12:25. [PMID: 35794254 PMCID: PMC9259778 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-022-00347-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Astaxanthin (3,3'-dihydroxy-β,β-carotene-4,4'-dione) is an orange-red, lipophilic keto-carotenoid pigment. It is majorly found in marine ecosystems particularly in aquatic animals such as salmon, shrimp, trout, krill, crayfish, and so on. It is also synthesized in microalgae Heamatococcus pluvialis, Chlorococcum, Chlorella zofingiensis, red yeast Phaffia rhodozyma and bacterium Paracoccus carotinifaciens. Some aquatic and terrestrial creatures regarded as a primary and secondary sources of the astaxanthin producing and accumulating it through their metabolic pathways. Astaxanthin is the powerful antioxidant, nutritional supplement as well as promising therapeutic compound, observed to have activities against different ravaging diseases and disorders. Researchers have reported remarkable bioactivities of astaxanthin against major non-communicable chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes, neurodegenerative, and immune disorders. The current review discusses some structural aspects of astaxanthin. It further elaborates its multiple potencies such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, anti-cancer, anti-obese, anti-diabetic, anti-ageing, anti-TB, anti-viral, anti-COVID 19, neuro-protective, nephro-protective, and fertility-enhancing properties. These potencies make it a more precious entity in the preventions as well as treatments of prevalent systematic diseases and/or disorders. Also, the review is acknowledging and documenting its powerful bioactivities in relation with the pharmaceutical as well as nutraceutical applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apurva D. Patil
- Department of Biochemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, 416004 Maharashtra India
| | - Pramod J. Kasabe
- School of Nanoscience and Biotechnology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra India
| | - Padma B. Dandge
- Department of Biochemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, 416004 Maharashtra India
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Aneesh P, Ajeeshkumar K, Lekshmi R, Anandan R, Ravishankar C, Mathew S. Bioactivities of astaxanthin from natural sources, augmenting its biomedical potential: A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Identification and Characterization of a New Microalga Dysmorphococcus globosus-HI from the Himalayan Region as a Potential Source of Natural Astaxanthin. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11060884. [PMID: 35741404 PMCID: PMC9220219 DOI: 10.3390/biology11060884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Synthesized astaxanthin (ASX), stereoisomers of 3S,3′R, 3R,3′R, and 3S,3′S, have over 95% market share and have relatively poor antioxidant and bioactivity properties, with persistent issues in terms of biological functions, health benefits, and biosafety if compared to natural ASX. Bioprospecting of new microalgal strains could be vital for a new source of powerful antioxidant (ASX). In this study, a new algal strain was isolated from the Indian foothills of the Himalayas. Its identity was discerned by morphological and DNA barcode studies. It is a unicellular spheroidal cell-shaped alga with 100–200 μm diameter. The isolate has 93.4% similarity to Dysmorphococcus globosus species based on 18S-rDNA phylogenetic analysis and named as D. globosus-HI (HI stands for Himalayan India). Its growth and major cellular components (carotenoids, carbohydrates, protein, lipids, fatty acid profile, and ASX) were optimized using the seven different culture media. The highest biomass (1.14 g L−1) was observed in the MBBM medium, with a specific growth rate (0.087 day−1), division/day (0.125), and cellular yield (6.16 x 106 cells/mL). The highest carotenoids (1.56 mg g−1), lipids (32.5 mg L−1), and carbohydrates (135.62 mg L−1) were recorded in the 3N-BBM medium. The maximum ω3-FAs (17.78%), ω6-FAs (23.11%), and ω9-FAs (7.06%) were observed in MBBM, JW, and BG-11 medium respectively. The highest amount of antioxidant ASX was accumulated in the 3N-BBM medium (391 mg L−1). It is more than any other known algal species used in the production of natural ASX. The optimized biochemical studies on the D. globosus-HI strain should fulfill the increasing demand for natural ASX for commercial application.
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Li C, Gao Y, Huan Y, Ren P, Zhi J, Wu A, Xu J, Wei Z, Xue C, Tang Q. Colon and gut microbiota greatly affect the absorption and utilization of astaxanthin derived from Haematococcus pluvialis. Food Res Int 2022; 156:111324. [PMID: 35651077 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Astaxanthin has been widely favored as a health food supplement by individuals but its absorption in the body seems not to be satisfactory. In addition, the peak time of astaxanthin derived from Haematococcus pluvialis in the plasma was much longer than other carotenoids found in our previous research. Thus, it is necessary to explore the process that affects the absorption of astaxanthin in order to potentially find a novel approach to improve the absorption in the future. In this study, we confirmed that the colon has an ability to absorb astaxanthin and conducted acute feeding experiments with the treatment of antibiotics in C57BL/6J mice and chronic feeding experiments in germ-free (GF) mice to detect the relationship between the gut microbiota and the absorption of astaxanthin. Our study showed that the decrease of gut microbiota led to a less oral absorbability, which might be related to the decreased expression of SR-BI in the small intestine and the reduction of free form and Z-astaxanthin converted by the gut microbiota found in the vitro culture. The experiments of anaerobic culture also implied that Lactobacillus might play an important role in the absorption of astaxanthin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunjun Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuchen Huan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Pengfei Ren
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Jinjin Zhi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Axue Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Jie Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Zihao Wei
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Changhu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Qingjuan Tang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.
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The pharmaco-therapy potential of astaxanthin: human and animal targeting roles. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2022-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The recent pandemic stress and the impacts of climatic changes on humans’ and animals’ health status and well-being resulted in severe drawbacks. Initially, stress-induced oxidation resulting from the generation of free radicals leading to the impairment of cellular function and a high possibility of attack with infection. Astaxanthin is a bioactive material derived from fish, crustaceans, and algae with high antioxidative potential. Astaxanthin is a lipid-soluble carotenoid that can easily cross through the cellular membrane layers to catch the reactive oxygen metabolites. Astaxanthin also has pigmentation properties making it suitable for pharmaceutical, cosmetic, nutraceutical, agriculture, and aquaculture sectors. Recently, astaxanthin is suggested as a natural scavenger for free radicals induced by COVID-19. Besides, using astaxanthin as antioxidative and immunostimulant agents is well-reported in several clinical studies. The output of these investigations should be simplified and presented to the scientific community to utilize the available information and fill the gap of knowledge. Also, it is necessary to update the researchers with the recent recommendations of applying astaxanthin in vivo and in vitro to help in proposing new horizons for engaging natural antioxidative agents to protect human and animal health. Herein, this review article tackled the nature, sources, potential roles, applicable sides, and availability of astaxanthin to fortify the scientific community with the required knowledge for further research efforts.
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Schilrreff P, Alexiev U. Chronic Inflammation in Non-Healing Skin Wounds and Promising Natural Bioactive Compounds Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094928. [PMID: 35563319 PMCID: PMC9104327 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is one of the hallmarks of chronic wounds and is tightly coupled to immune regulation. The dysregulation of the immune system leads to continuing inflammation and impaired wound healing and, subsequently, to chronic skin wounds. In this review, we discuss the role of the immune system, the involvement of inflammatory mediators and reactive oxygen species, the complication of bacterial infections in chronic wound healing, and the still-underexplored potential of natural bioactive compounds in wound treatment. We focus on natural compounds with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial activities and their mechanisms of action, as well as on recent wound treatments and therapeutic advancements capitalizing on nanotechnology or new biomaterial platforms.
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Development of Astaxanthin-Loaded Nanosized Liposomal Formulation to Improve Bone Health. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15040490. [PMID: 35455487 PMCID: PMC9033098 DOI: 10.3390/ph15040490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Astaxanthin is a xanthophyll carotenoid commonly found in marine organisms. Due to its super antioxidative ability, astaxanthin has been widely applied as a human nutraceutical supplement for health benefits. In order to enhance the bioavailability of astaxanthin, we used soybean phosphatidylcholine to encapsulate astaxanthin for liposomal formation. The physical properties of astaxanthin (asta)-loaded liposomes were determined by particle size, encapsulation efficiency and polydispersity index. The results revealed that the particle sizes of asta-loaded liposomes with various concentrations exhibited mean diameters in the range of 109 to 134 nm and had a narrow PDI value. As expected, the entrapment efficiency of liposomes loaded with a low concentration of astaxanthin (0.05 μg/mL) was 89%, and that was reduced to 29% for 1.02 μg/mL asta loading. Alizarin red staining and calcium content measurement showed that there was a significant reduction in calcium deposition for 7F2 osteoblasts treated with asta-loaded liposomes (0.25-1.02 μg/mL) in comparison with the cells treated with drug-free liposomes and mineralization medium (MM). Although liposomal formulation can reduce the cytotoxicity of astaxanthin and possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-osteoclastogenic activities in RAW264.7 macrophages, asta-loaded liposomes with high concentrations may suppress ALP activity and mineralization level in 7F2 osteoblasts. Therefore, astaxanthin extract may be able to protect bones against oxidative stress and inflammation through liposomal formulation.
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Astaxanthin as a Potential Antioxidant to Improve Health and Production Performance of Broiler Chicken. Vet Med Int 2022; 2022:4919442. [PMID: 35465402 PMCID: PMC9023177 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4919442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent interest in carotenoids has increased due to their antioxidant and production performance. Astaxanthin (AST) is a xanthophyll carotenoid abundantly distributed in microalgae, which is described as a highly potent antioxidant. Therefore, recent studies have tended to investigate the role of antioxidants in improving metabolic processes and physiological functioning of the body. It is now evident that AST could significantly reduce free radicals and oxidative stress and help to maintain a healthy state. Moreover, AST also could improve the performance of broiler chicken by increasing the daily feed intake, followed by improvement in the food conversion rate.
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Astaxanthin from Crustaceans and Their Byproducts: A Bioactive Metabolite Candidate for Therapeutic Application. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20030206. [PMID: 35323505 PMCID: PMC8955251 DOI: 10.3390/md20030206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the food, pharma, and cosmetic industries have shown considerable interest in bioactive molecules of marine origin that show high potential for application as nutraceuticals and therapeutic agents. Astaxanthin, a lipid-soluble and orange-reddish-colored carotenoid pigment, is one of the most investigated pigments. Natural astaxanthin is mainly produced from microalgae, and it shows much stronger antioxidant properties than its synthetic counterpart. This paper aims to summarize and discuss the important aspects and recent findings associated with the possible use of crustacean byproducts as a source of astaxanthin. In the last five years of research on the crustaceans and their byproducts as a source of natural astaxanthin, there are many new findings regarding the astaxanthin content in different species and new green extraction protocols for its extraction. However, there is a lack of information on the amounts of astaxanthin currently obtained from the byproducts as well as on the cost-effectiveness of the astaxanthin production from the byproducts. Improvement in these areas would most certainly contribute to the reduction of waste and reuse in the crustacean processing industry. Successful exploitation of byproducts for recovery of this valuable compound would have both environmental and social benefits. Finally, astaxanthin’s strong biological activity and prominent health benefits have been discussed in the paper.
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Örs ED, Alkan ŞB, Öksüz A. Possible Effect of Astaxanthin on Obesity-related Increased COVID-19
Infection Morbidity and Mortality. CURRENT NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1573401317666211011105732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
Obesity is defined by the World Health Organisation (WHO) as a body mass index
equal to 30 kg/m2 or greater. It is an important and escalating global public health problem.
Obesity is known to cause low-grade chronic inflammation, increasing the burden of noncommunicable
and possibly communicable diseases. There is considerable evidence that obesity is
associated with an increased risk of contracting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection
as well as significantly higher COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. It appears plausible
that controlling the chronic systemic low-grade inflammation associated with obesity may have
a positive impact on the symptoms and the prognosis of COVID-19 disease in obese patients.
Astaxanthin (ASTX) is a naturally occurring carotenoid with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant,
and immunomodulatory activities. As a nutraceutical agent, it is used as a preventative and a
co-treatment in a number of systemic neurological, cardiovascular, and metabolic diseases.
This review article will discuss the pathogenesis of COVID-19 infection and the effect of
ASTX on obesity and obesity-related inflammation. The potential positive impact of ASTX anti-
inflammatory properties in obese COVID-19 patients will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Didem Örs
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Şenay Burçin Alkan
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Öksüz
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
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Pietrasik S, Cichon N, Bijak M, Gorniak L, Saluk-Bijak J. Carotenoids from Marine Sources as a New Approach in Neuroplasticity Enhancement. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23041990. [PMID: 35216103 PMCID: PMC8877331 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23041990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of people experience disorders related to the central nervous system (CNS). Thus, new forms of therapy, which may be helpful in repairing processes' enhancement and restoring declined brain functions, are constantly being sought. One of the most relevant physiological processes occurring in the brain for its entire life is neuroplasticity. It has tremendous significance concerning CNS disorders since neurological recovery mainly depends on restoring its structural and functional organization. The main factors contributing to nerve tissue damage are oxidative stress and inflammation. Hence, marine carotenoids, abundantly occurring in the aquatic environment, being potent antioxidant compounds, may play a pivotal role in nerve cell protection. Furthermore, recent results revealed another valuable characteristic of these compounds in CNS therapy. By inhibiting oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, carotenoids promote synaptogenesis and neurogenesis, consequently presenting neuroprotective activity. Therefore, this paper focuses on the carotenoids obtained from marine sources and their impact on neuroplasticity enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Pietrasik
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (S.P.); (J.S.-B.)
| | - Natalia Cichon
- Biohazard Prevention Centre, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (M.B.); (L.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Michal Bijak
- Biohazard Prevention Centre, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (M.B.); (L.G.)
| | - Leslaw Gorniak
- Biohazard Prevention Centre, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (M.B.); (L.G.)
| | - Joanna Saluk-Bijak
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (S.P.); (J.S.-B.)
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