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Tian Y, Liu S, Wu W, Zhang Q, Chen Z, Luo J, Wang Y, He Z, Liu Q. Childhood exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is associated with emotional and behavioral problems in adolescence: a longitudinal study in China. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2024:10.1007/s00420-024-02093-9. [PMID: 39073601 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-024-02093-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between childhood polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure and emotional and behavioral problems in adolescence. METHODS Participants included 998 school-age children aged 7-12 years (514 girls and 484 boys). Metabolite concentrations of four PAHs (1-hydroxypyrene [1-OHPyr], 2-hydroxynaphthalene [2-OHNap], 2-hydroxyfluorine [2-OHFlu], and 9-hydroxyphenanthrene [9-OHPhe]) were measured in urine samples at baseline (Dec 2014-Dec 2015). During adolescence, we measured emotional and behavioral problems in study participants. We used logistic regression models to assess the effects of different levels of PAH metabolite concentrations on emotional and behavioral problems for boys and girls, separately. RESULTS Boys exposed to 1-OHPyr and 2-OHFlu had a significantly higher risk of externalizing problems (OR: 2.62, 95% CI: 1.09 ~ 6.29; OR: 2.92, 95% CI: 1.15 ~ 7.42). 2-OHNap exposure faced a higher risk of internalizing problems (OR: 3.85, 95% CI: 1.28 ~ 11.58; OR: 3.63, 95% CI: 1.13 ~ 11.63) and externalizing problems (OR: 4.27, 95% CI: 1.44 ~ 12.70; OR: 4.68, 95% CI: 1.49 ~ 14.73). Moreover, boys exposed to 9-OHPhe exhibited a significant risk of anxiety (OR: 2.84, 95% CI: 1.01 ~ 7.97; OR: 3.00, 95% CI: 1.04 ~ 8.68). Similarly, girls exposed to 9-OHPhe had a significant risk of anxiety (OR: 2.41, 95% CI: 1.25 ~ 4.64). CONCLUSION Childhood PAH exposures are associated with emotional and behavioral problems in adolescence, and boys seem more susceptible than girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tian
- School of Public Health, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, No. 61, University Town Middle Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Shudan Liu
- School of Public Health, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, No. 61, University Town Middle Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Wenyi Wu
- School of Public Health, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, No. 61, University Town Middle Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- School of Public Health, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, No. 61, University Town Middle Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zixuan Chen
- School of Public Health, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, No. 61, University Town Middle Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jie Luo
- School of Public Health, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, No. 61, University Town Middle Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- School of Public Health, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, No. 61, University Town Middle Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zongwei He
- School of Public Health, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, No. 61, University Town Middle Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Qin Liu
- School of Public Health, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, No. 61, University Town Middle Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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Masterson EE, Riederer AM, Loftus CT, Wallace ER, Szpiro AA, Simpson CD, Muralidharan R, Trasande L, Barrett ES, Nguyen RHN, Kannan K, Robinson M, Swan S, Mason WA, Bush NR, Sathyanarayana S, LeWinn KZ, Karr CJ. Urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) metabolite concentrations in three pregnancy cohorts from 7 U.S. study sites. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0305004. [PMID: 38959439 PMCID: PMC11221841 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Prenatal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is associated with adverse birth and developmental outcomes in children. We aimed to describe prenatal PAH exposures in a large, multisite U.S. consortium. METHODS We measured 12 mono-hydroxylated metabolites (OH-PAHs) of 7 PAHs (naphthalene, fluorene, phenanthrene, pyrene, benzo(c)phenanthrene, chrysene, benz(a)anthracene) in mid-pregnancy urine of 1,892 pregnant individuals from the ECHO PATHWAYS consortium cohorts: CANDLE (n = 988; Memphis), TIDES (n = 664; Minneapolis, Rochester, San Francisco, Seattle) and GAPPS (n = 240; Seattle and Yakima, WA). We described concentrations of 8 OH-PAHs of non-smoking participants (n = 1,695) by site, socioeconomic characteristics, and pregnancy stage (we report intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) for n = 677 TIDES participants). RESULTS Exposure to the selected PAHs was ubiquitous at all sites. 2-hydroxynaphthalene had the highest average concentrations at all sites. CANDLE had the highest average concentrations of most metabolites. Among non-smoking participants, we observed some patterns by income, education, and race but these were not consistent and varied by site and metabolite. ICCs of repeated OH-PAH measures from TIDES participants were ≤ 0.51. CONCLUSION In this geographically-diverse descriptive analysis of U.S. pregnancies, we observed ubiquitous exposure to low molecular weight PAHs, highlighting the importance of better understanding PAH sources and their pediatric health outcomes attributed to early life PAH exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E. Masterson
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Anne M. Riederer
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Christine T. Loftus
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Erin R. Wallace
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Adam A. Szpiro
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Christopher D. Simpson
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Revathi Muralidharan
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Leonardo Trasande
- Department of Pediatrics, Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Emily S. Barrett
- Rutgers School of Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Ruby H. N. Nguyen
- Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Department of Pediatrics, Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Morgan Robinson
- Department of Pediatrics, Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Shanna Swan
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - W. Alex Mason
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Nicole R. Bush
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California at San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California at San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Sheela Sathyanarayana
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Kaja Z. LeWinn
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California at San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Catherine J. Karr
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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Clark CJ, Casey JA, Bell ML, Plata DL, Saiers JE, Deziel NC. Accuracy of self-reported distance to nearest unconventional oil and gas well in Pennsylvania, Ohio, and West Virginia residents and implications for exposure assessment. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2024; 34:512-517. [PMID: 38448680 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-023-00637-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Self-reported distances to industrial sources have been used in epidemiology as proxies for exposure to environmental hazards and indicators of awareness and perception of sources. Unconventional oil and gas development (UOG) emits pollutants and has been associated with adverse health outcomes. We compared self-reported distance to the nearest UOG well to the geographic information system-calculated distance for 303 Pennsylvania, Ohio, and West Virginia residents using Cohen's Weighted Kappa. Agreement was low (Kappa = 0.18), and self-reports by Ohioans (39% accuracy) were more accurate than West Virginians (22%) or Pennsylvanians (13%, both p < 0.05). Of the demographic characteristics studied, only educational attainment was related to reporting accuracy; residents with 12-16 years of education were more accurate (31.3% of group) than those with <12 or >16 years (both 16.7%). Understanding differences between objective and subjective measures of UOG proximity could inform studies of perceived exposures or risks and may also be relevant to adverse health effects. IMPACT: We compared objective and self-reported measures of distance to the nearest UOG well for 303 Appalachian Basin residents. We found that residents' self-reported distance to the nearest UOG well had limited agreement with the true calculated distance category. Our results can be used to inform the collection and contextualize the use of self-reported data in communities exposed to UOGD. Self-reported metrics can be used in conjunction with objective assessments and can be informative regarding how potentially exposed populations perceive environmental exposures or risks and could provide insights into awareness of distance-related policies, such as setbacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra J Clark
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College St., New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
| | - Joan A Casey
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Public Health, 3980 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Michelle L Bell
- Yale School of the Environment, 195 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Desiree L Plata
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Parsons Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 15 Vassar Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - James E Saiers
- Yale School of the Environment, 195 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Nicole C Deziel
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College St., New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
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Mallah MA, Basnet TB, Ali M, Xie F, Li X, Feng F, Wang W, Shang P, Zhang Q. Association between urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites and diabetes mellitus among the US population: a cross-sectional study. Int Health 2023; 15:161-170. [PMID: 35751578 PMCID: PMC9977221 DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihac029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The primary aim of this study is to examine the association between urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and diabetes mellitus (DM) among the US population. METHODS We used data from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey 2003-16, which is a nationally representative population-based survey of the US non-institutionalized population. Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between urinary PAHs and the prevalence of DM using odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS The study sample including 13 792 individuals ≥18 y of age. The average ages of the three PAH tertiles were 42.56±19.67, 42.21±19.51 and 43.39±17.99 y. An increased risk of DM was found with increased odds for the second (OR 1.56 [95% CI 1.36 to 1.79]) and third tertile (OR 1.79 [95% CI 1.55 to 2.06)] of urinary PAH as compared with the first tertile. Similarly, higher chances of DM were observed in the second (men: OR 1.42 [95% CI 1.18 to 1.71]; women: OR 1.76 [95% CI 1.44 to 2.14]) and third tertile (men: OR 1.69 [95% CI 1.38 to 2.08]; women: OR 1.79 [95% CI 1.46 to 2.19]) of urinary PAHs as compared with the first tertile in both men and women. CONCLUSIONS A population-based cross-sectional study found a positive association between urinary PAHs and DM in the US population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manthar Ali Mallah
- Department of Toxicology and Occupational health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Til Bahadur Basnet
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Mukhtiar Ali
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science & Technology, Nawabshah 67480, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Fuwei Xie
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute, CNTC, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute, CNTC, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Feifei Feng
- Department of Toxicology and Occupational health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Toxicology and Occupational health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Pingping Shang
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute, CNTC, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qiao Zhang
- Department of Toxicology and Occupational health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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Melough MM, Maffini MV, Otten JJ, Sathyanarayana S. Diet quality and exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals among US adults. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 211:113049. [PMID: 35240113 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Human exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) may increase risk for chronic disease. Diet is a significant source of EDC exposure, yet healthy diets recommended for chronic disease prevention have not been thoroughly examined for associations with EDC exposure. Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2016, we examined associations of dietary patterns with exposure to non-persistent EDCs potentially consumed through diet. EDCs were measured in spot urine samples. Diet was assessed using 24-h recalls. Multivariable linear regression was used to examine associations of three healthy diet scores [Healthy Eating Index (HEI), relative Mediterranean Diet (rMED), and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension] and fast-food consumption with EDCs. In fully adjusted models, no diet was associated with exposure to the bisphenols, phthalates, or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons examined. A 1-point increase in rMED (of 18 possible points) was associated with 2.7% (95% CI: 1.7%, 3.8%) greater urinary nitrate. A 10-point increase in HEI (of 100 possible points) was associated with 5.3% (95% CI: 2.8%, 7.9%) greater nitrate and 6.8% (95% CI: 4.5%, 9.2%) greater perchlorate. Because perchlorate and nitrate can disrupt thyroid hormone production, we conducted an exploratory analysis to examine whether these chemicals mediate an association between diet and thyroid hormones. A 10-point increase in HEI was associated with 0.6% reduced serum total thyroxine (95% CI: 1.7%, 0.5%) among all adults, with 57.5% of the effect explained by perchlorate. Nitrate mediated an association of rMED with modestly reduced total triiodothyronine among females. Most EDCs examined had no association with the diets evaluated, indicating that recommended healthy diets were not protective against EDC exposures. As observed with two thyroid antagonists, some recommended diets may increase EDC exposures and related adverse health outcomes. Additional work should identify effective food production and processing practices to reduce dietary exposures to potentially harmful EDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M Melough
- Department of Child Health, Behavior, and Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA.
| | | | - Jennifer J Otten
- Center for Public Health Nutrition, Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Sheela Sathyanarayana
- Department of Child Health, Behavior, and Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA; Center for Public Health Nutrition, Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
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Huang Y, Wang H, Guo H, Liu Y, Zeng Y, Hu F, Zhang W, Li C, Wang J. A preliminary study on household air pollution exposure and health-related factors among rural housewives in Gansu province, northwest China. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 2021; 77:662-673. [PMID: 34748471 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2021.1993775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study monitored the indoor air PAHs and PM2.5 exposure and their seasonal variations, so as to explore the potential health effects of household air pollution (HAP) on rural women's health in northwest China. It was detected that the average indoor PM2.5 and PAHs concentrations in the heating season were both significantly higher than those in the non-heating season (P<0.01). And they were positively correlated with the urinary 1-OHP levels respectively. Then the PAHs and 1-OHP were both significantly correlated with the urinary 8-OHdG levels (P<0.05). By statistical models, household PM2.5 and PAHs were closely related to urinary 1-OHP levels. Similarly, PM2.5, PAHs and 1-OHP all have significant effects with urinary 8-OHdG (P<0.05). Therefore, housewives in rural northwest China were exposed to higher HAP, and it could improve the risk for oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushan Huang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Huiling Wang
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Gynecology, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-care Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Huizhen Guo
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yong Zeng
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Fengjing Hu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Chengyun Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Junling Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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El-Sikaily A, Helal M. Environmental pollution and diabetes mellitus. World J Meta-Anal 2021; 9:234-256. [DOI: 10.13105/wjma.v9.i3.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chromic metabolic disease that affects a large segment of the population worldwide. Physical inactivity, poor nutrition, and genetic predisposition are main risk factors for disease development. In the last decade, it was clear to the scientific community that DM development is linked to a novel disease inducer that was later defined as diabetogenic factors of pollution and endocrine disrupting agents. Environmental pollution is exponentially increasing in uncontrolled manner in several countries. Environmental pollutants are of diverse nature and toxicities, including polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), pesticides, and heavy metals. In the current review, we shed light on the impact of each class of these pollutants and the underlined molecular mechanism of diabetes induction and biological toxicities. Finally, a brief overview about the connection between coronavirus disease 2019 and diabetes pandemics is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amany El-Sikaily
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Cairo 21513, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Helal
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Cairo 21513, Egypt
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Shahsavani S, Dehghani M, Hoseini M. Investigation of Relative Air Contribution in Total Pyrene Intake among Primary School Students in Shiraz, Iran. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2019.1645709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Shahsavani
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Student Research Committee Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mansooreh Dehghani
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hoseini
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Jeng PH, Huang TR, Wang CC, Chen WL. Clinical Relevance of Urine Flow Rate and Exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18105372. [PMID: 34070005 PMCID: PMC8157826 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18105372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) metabolites have received increasing attention because several of these organic substances are highly carcinogenic or mutagenic. Exposure to PAHs is associated with many harmful health effects; however, we are not aware of any study that has explored the exposure to PAHs and urinary conditions in the general population. The present work aimed to investigate the correlation among PAH and urine flow rate (UFR). Method: Cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2009–2012 were used in our study. A total of 4172 participants and a total of nine PAH metabolites were examined. The UFR was measured as the amount of urine excreted in a period of time (mL/h). Several covariates were adjusted in linear regression models. Result: After adjusting for variables, the PAH metabolites in urine showed a significant correlation with UFR. Dose-dependent associations between PAH metabolites in the urine and UFR were also found. Higher quartiles of PAH metabolites in urine exhibited higher regression coefficients. Conclusion: Our study highlighted that PAH metabolites in urine had a strong association with decreased UFR in the US adult population. These findings support the possibility that PAH exposure is related to bladder dysfunction. Further prospective studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Hsuan Jeng
- Department of General Medicine, School of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (P.-H.J.); (T.-R.H.)
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Ru Huang
- Department of General Medicine, School of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (P.-H.J.); (T.-R.H.)
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ching Wang
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Division of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan;
| | - Wei-Liang Chen
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Division of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan;
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, School of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-87923311 (ext. 16567)
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Ingviya T, Intawong C, Abubaker S, Strickland PT. EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT OF RAYONG OIL SPILL CLEANUP WORKERS. EXPOSURE AND HEALTH 2020; 12:617-628. [PMID: 31768471 PMCID: PMC6876312 DOI: 10.1007/s12403-019-00320-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Background In July of 2013, a pipeline connecting an offshore oil platform to a tanker caused crude oil to spill into the Sea of Rayong off the coast of Thailand. The resulting oil slick, estimated to be between 50 and 190 cubic meters (336-1,200 barrels), washed ashore one day later on the island of Samet. We conducted a study to quantify internal dose of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and benzene in 1,262 oil spill cleanup workers, and to examine factors related to their dose. Methods Frozen stored urine samples (n=1343) collected from the workers during the one month cleanup period were used to measure the concentration of 1-hydroxypyrene-glucuronide (1-OHPG), cotinine and creatinine. Data from questionnaires and urinary trans,trans-muconic acid (t,t-MA), a benzene metabolite, measured previously as part of a worker health surveillance plan, were linked with the laboratory data. Results The internal dose of urinary 1-OHPG was highest in individuals who worked during the first 3 days of cleanup work (median: 0.97 pmol/ml) and was 66.7% lower (median: 0.32 pmol/ml) among individuals who worked in the final week of the study (days 21-28). After adjusting for age, cotinineand creatinine by regression analysis, the decline in urinary 1-OHPG concentration with days of cleanup remained significant (P-trend <0.001). A decreasing trend by days of cleanup was also observed for detectable urinary t,t-MA percentage (P-trend <0.001). Conclusion Rayong oil spill cleanup workers exhibited evidence of elevated levels of PAH and benzene exposure during the early weeks of cleanup, compared to near background levels 4 weeks after cleanup began. Long-term health monitoring of oil spill cleanup workers is advised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thammasin Ingviya
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, United States
- Department of Family Medicine and Preventive Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
- Air Pollution and Health Effect Research Center, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Chanthip Intawong
- Occupational Medicine Department,Rayong Hospital, Rayong, 21000, Thailand
| | - Salahaddhin Abubaker
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, United States
| | - Paul T. Strickland
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, United States
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Du J, Pan B, Cao X, Li J, Yang J, Nie J. Urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites, peripheral blood mitochondrial DNA copy number, and neurobehavioral function in coke oven workers. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 261:127628. [PMID: 32731016 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are the risk factors for workers' neurological performance, which were widely exist in the occupational environment. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the dose-response relationship between various PAH metabolites and workers' neurobehavioral changes and to explore whether mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) can be used as a potential biomarker to reflect changes in neurobehavioral behavior. METHOD A total of 697 workers were recruited from a coke oven plant. The concentrations of eleven PAHs metabolites were determined by HPLC-MS/MS. Peripheral blood mtDNAcn was measured using QPCR. Neurobehavioral function was measured by NCTB questionnaire. The dose-response relationships were evaluated using restricted cubic spline models. Mediation analysis was also carried out. RESULTS We found dose-response relationships between urinary 2-hydroxynaphthalene (2-OH Nap), sum of PAH metabolites (Ʃ -OH PAHs) and total digit span (DSP), backward digit span (DSPB), forward digit span (DSPF) and mtDNAcn. Each one-unit increase in ln-transformed of 2-OH Nap or Ʃ -OH PAHs was associated with a 2.64 or 3.22 decrease in DSP, a 1.20 or 1.58 decrease in DSPF, a 1.44 or 1.62 decrease in DSPB and a 0.13 or 0.12 decrease in mtDNAcn. However, we did not find a significant mediation effect of mtDNAcn between PAHs metabolites and DSP, DSPF, or DSPB. CONCLUSION Our data indicated that workers urinary 2-hydroxynaphthalene and sum of PAH metabolites levels were inversely associated with mtDNAcn and neurobehavior, especially their auditory memory. However, there was no significant mediation effect of mtDNAcn between urinary PAHs metabolites and neurobehavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Du
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Baolong Pan
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China; General Hospital of Taiyuan Iron & Steel (Group) Co., Ltd., China
| | - Xiaomin Cao
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Jinyu Li
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Jisheng Nie
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China.
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Khosravipour M, Khosravipour H. The association between urinary metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis study. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 247:125680. [PMID: 32069705 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To examine the association between urinary metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OH-PAHs) and diabetes, online databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, were searched on July 17, 2019. Of the 668 articles identified through searching, six cross-sectional studies involving 24,406 participants were included. The pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using a random-effect model. Heterogeneity was measured by reporting the I-square index. Moreover, subgroup analysis according to types of metabolites was performed. We found a significantly higher odds of diabetes in the highest versus the lowest category of urinary naphthalene (NAP), fluorine (FLU), phenanthrene (PHEN), and total OH-PAH metabolites. The pooled OR (95% CI) was estimated at 1.47 (1.17, 1.78), 1.50 (1.29, 1.71), 1.41 (1.21, 1.60), and 1.61 (1.01, 2.21), respectively. We also found a significant association per 1-fold increase in FLU (OR = 1.09, 95% CI [1.00, 1.19]) and PHEN (OR = 1.19, 95% CI [1.08, 1.30]) metabolites. In subgroup analysis stratified by types of OH-PAH metabolites, A significant stronger odds of diabetes was observed in the highest versus the lowest category of 2-PHEN (OR = 1.66, 95% CI [1.32, 2.00]), 2-NAP (OR = 1.66, 95% CI [1.16, 2.17]), 2-FLU (OR = 1.62, 95% CI [1.28, 1.97]), and 9-FLU (OR = 1.62, 95% CI [1.21, 2.04]) metabolites. Furthermore, there was a meaningfully greater likelihood of diabetes per 1-fold increase in 2-FLU (OR = 1.34, 95% CI [1.10, 1.57]), 2-PHEN (OR = 1.33, 95% CI [1.14, 1.51]), and 3-PHEN (OR = 1.19, 95% CI [1.04, 1.34]) metabolites. In conclusion, our study suggests the significant odds of association between urinary OH-PAH metabolites and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Khosravipour
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Hadis Khosravipour
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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13
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Netter A, Siri E, Tassitro V, Resseguier N, Beauval N, Sari-Minodier I, Courbiere B, Perrin J. Influence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure on IVF: now is the time to focus on women. Reprod Biomed Online 2020; 41:161-169. [PMID: 32532665 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2020.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTION Is polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure associated with the reproductive outcomes of IVF treatment? DESIGN A prospective, small-scale monocentric cohort study of couples who underwent IVF treatment between January 2018 and June 2019. Both members of each couple answered a questionnaire on PAH exposure and provided urine samples to measure urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) the day before oocyte retrieval and semen collection for fertilization. To assess the specific PAH exposure of gamete cells, immunostaining was conducted on both spermatozoa and granulosa cells obtained during IVF with an anti-benzo(a)pyrene diol epoxide (BPDE) monoclonal antibody that recognizes BDPE-DNA adducts. To assess DNA damage, a comet assay on spermatozoa was conducted. The PAH exposure was compared between couples who had positive HCG and couples who had negative HCG on day 14 after embryo transfer. RESULTS Eighteen couples were included. The mean 1-OHP level in women whose HCG tests were positive (n = 6) was significantly lower than that in women with negative HCG tests (0.098 [0.042-0.170] versus 0.177 [0.067-0.812] μg/g creatinine; P = 0.048). The presence of BPDE-DNA adducts in granulosa cells of women with a negative (29.7 [16.2-57.5] arbitrary units) or positive HCG test (20.3 [9.3-23.3] arbitrary units) were not significantly different (P = 0.092). The urinary 1-OHP levels of men and BPDE-DNA adducts in spermatozoa showed no differences between groups. CONCLUSIONS This exploratory research should encourage further studies to determine the effect of women's exposure to PAHs on reproductive outcomes of IVF treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Netter
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Reproductive Medicine, AP-HM La Conception, Pôle femmes parents enfants, 147 bd Baille, Marseille 13005, France; Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Marseille, France.
| | - Elena Siri
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Reproductive Medicine, AP-HM La Conception, Pôle femmes parents enfants, 147 bd Baille, Marseille 13005, France; Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Marseille, France
| | - Virginie Tassitro
- Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Marseille, France
| | - Noémie Resseguier
- Laboratoire de santé publique (EA 3279) (public health laboratory), faculté de Médecine de la Timone, 27, boulevard Jean Moulin, Marseille cedex 5 13385, France
| | - Nicolas Beauval
- CHU Lille, Unité Fonctionnelle de Toxicologie, Lille F-59000, France
| | - Irène Sari-Minodier
- Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Marseille, France; Service hospitalo-universitaire de médecine et santé au travail, Faculté des Sciences Médicales et Paramédicales, AP-HM La Timone, Aix Marseille Univ 27, boulevard Jean Moulin, Marseille Cedex 5 13385, France
| | - Blandine Courbiere
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Reproductive Medicine, AP-HM La Conception, Pôle femmes parents enfants, 147 bd Baille, Marseille 13005, France; Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Marseille, France
| | - Jeanne Perrin
- Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Marseille, France; Laboratoire de Biologie de la Reproduction - CECOS, Pole Femmes-Parents-Enfants, AP-HM La Conception, Marseille, France
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14
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Neurobehavioral performance of PAH exposure in male coal miners in Shanxi, China: a cross-sectional study. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2020; 93:707-714. [DOI: 10.1007/s00420-020-01521-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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15
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Cuparencu C, Praticó G, Hemeryck LY, Sri Harsha PSC, Noerman S, Rombouts C, Xi M, Vanhaecke L, Hanhineva K, Brennan L, Dragsted LO. Biomarkers of meat and seafood intake: an extensive literature review. GENES & NUTRITION 2019; 14:35. [PMID: 31908682 PMCID: PMC6937850 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-019-0656-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Meat, including fish and shellfish, represents a valuable constituent of most balanced diets. Consumption of different types of meat and fish has been associated with both beneficial and adverse health effects. While white meats and fish are generally associated with positive health outcomes, red and especially processed meats have been associated with colorectal cancer and other diseases. The contribution of these foods to the development or prevention of chronic diseases is still not fully elucidated. One of the main problems is the difficulty in properly evaluating meat intake, as the existing self-reporting tools for dietary assessment may be imprecise and therefore affected by systematic and random errors. Dietary biomarkers measured in biological fluids have been proposed as possible objective measurements of the actual intake of specific foods and as a support for classical assessment methods. Good biomarkers for meat intake should reflect total dietary intake of meat, independent of source or processing and should be able to differentiate meat consumption from that of other protein-rich foods; alternatively, meat intake biomarkers should be specific to each of the different meat sources (e.g., red vs. white; fish, bird, or mammal) and/or cooking methods. In this paper, we present a systematic investigation of the scientific literature while providing a comprehensive overview of the possible biomarker(s) for the intake of different types of meat, including fish and shellfish, and processed and heated meats according to published guidelines for biomarker reviews (BFIrev). The most promising biomarkers are further validated for their usefulness for dietary assessment by published validation criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cătălina Cuparencu
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Giulia Praticó
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Lieselot Y. Hemeryck
- Department of Veterinary Public Health & Food Safety, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Pedapati S. C. Sri Harsha
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, Institute of Food & Health, University College Dublin, Belfield 4, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stefania Noerman
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Caroline Rombouts
- Department of Veterinary Public Health & Food Safety, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Muyao Xi
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Lynn Vanhaecke
- Department of Veterinary Public Health & Food Safety, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Kati Hanhineva
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Lorraine Brennan
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, Institute of Food & Health, University College Dublin, Belfield 4, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lars O. Dragsted
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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16
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Moon KA, Rule AM, Magid HS, Ferguson JM, Susan J, Sun Z, Torrey C, Abubaker S, Levshin V, Çarkoglu A, Radwan GN, El-Rabbat M, Cohen JE, Strickland P, Breysse PN, Navas-Acien A. Biomarkers of Secondhand Smoke Exposure in Waterpipe Tobacco Venue Employees in Istanbul, Moscow, and Cairo. Nicotine Tob Res 2019; 20:482-491. [PMID: 28582531 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntx125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Most smoke-free legislation to reduce secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure exempts waterpipe (hookah) smoking venues. Few studies have examined SHS exposure in waterpipe venues and their employees. Methods We surveyed 276 employees of 46 waterpipe tobacco venues in Istanbul, Moscow, and Cairo. We interviewed venue managers and employees and collected biological samples from employees to measure exhaled carbon monoxide (CO), hair nicotine, saliva cotinine, urine cotinine, urine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL), and urine 1-hydroxypyrene glucuronide (1-OHPG). We estimated adjusted geometric mean ratios (GMR) of each SHS biomarker by employee characteristics and indoor air SHS measures. Results There were 73 nonsmoking employees and 203 current smokers of cigarettes or waterpipe. In nonsmokers, the median (interquartile) range concentrations of SHS biomarkers were 1.1 (0.2, 40.9) µg/g creatinine urine cotinine, 5.5 (2, 15) ng/mL saliva cotinine, 0.95 (0.36, 5.02) ng/mg hair nicotine, 1.48 (0.98, 3.97) pg/mg creatinine urine NNAL, 0.54 (0.25, 0.97) pmol/mg creatinine urine 1-OHPG, and 1.67 (1.33, 2.33) ppm exhaled CO. An 8-hour increase in work hours was associated with higher urine cotinine (GMR: 1.68, 95% CI: 1.20, 2.37) and hair nicotine (GMR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.43). Lighting waterpipes was associated with higher saliva cotinine (GMR: 2.83, 95% CI: 1.05, 7.62). Conclusions Nonsmoking employees of waterpipe tobacco venues were exposed to high levels of SHS, including measurable levels of carcinogenic biomarkers (tobacco-specific nitrosamines and PAHs). Implications Smoke-free regulation should be extended to waterpipe venues to protect nonsmoking employees and patrons from the adverse health effects of SHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Moon
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Ana M Rule
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Hoda S Magid
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jacqueline M Ferguson
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jolie Susan
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Zhuolu Sun
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Christine Torrey
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Salahaddin Abubaker
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Asli Çarkoglu
- Department of Psychology, Kadir Has University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ghada Nasr Radwan
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha El-Rabbat
- Department of Psychology, Kadir Has University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Joanna E Cohen
- Institute for Global Tobacco Control, Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Paul Strickland
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Patrick N Breysse
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Ana Navas-Acien
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY
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17
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Yuan C, Hou J, Zhou Y, Hu C, Sun H, Chen W, Yuan J. Dose-response relationships between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons exposure and platelet indices. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 245:183-198. [PMID: 30419459 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.10.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The relations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) exposure with platelet indices remain unclear. Based on the baseline data from the Wuhan-Zhuhai Cohort Study, we used generalized linear model, multivariate logistic regression analysis and restricted cubic splines (RCS) to assess linear and nonlinear relationship of PAHs exposure with platelet indices. The results showed that among Wuhan individuals, there were the non-linear relations between total hydroxynaphthalene (ΣOHNa) and mean platelet volume (MPV) or ratio of mean platelet volume to platelet count (MPVP), total hydrophenanthrene (ΣOHPh) and MPV or platelet distribution width (PDW), the sum concentration of urinary monohydroxylated metabolites of PAHs (ΣOH-PAHs) and ratio of platelet count to lymphocyte count (PLR) or MPVP, 1-hydropyrene (1-OHP) and PLR or PDW. But among Zhuhai individuals, neither linear nor non-linear relations were found between each of OH-PAHs or ΣOH-PAHs and platelet indices. The findings indicate that serum MPV and MPVP may be independent biomarkers of effects of exposing to environmental PAHs on human bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunjie Yuan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, PR China
| | - Jian Hou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yun Zhou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, PR China
| | - Chen Hu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, PR China
| | - Huizhen Sun
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, PR China
| | - Weihong Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, PR China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, PR China.
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18
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Chetwood JD, Garg P, Finch P, Gordon M. Systematic review: the etiology of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in low-income settings. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 13:71-88. [PMID: 30791842 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2019.1543024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal carcinoma causes over 380 000 deaths per year, ranking sixth worldwide in mortality amongst all malignancies. Globally, the squamous cell subtype is most common and accounts for 80% of esophageal cancers. Nonetheless, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is much more poorly understood than esophageal adenocarcinoma, including what is driving such high prevalences, why it often presents in young patients, and shows such marked geographical delineations Areas covered: The current literature was searched for articles focusing on aetiopathogenesis of squamous cell esophageal carcinoma via a systematic review, particularly in low-resource settings. This was supplemented by papers of interest known to the authors. Expert commentary: Current putative mechanisms include polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, nitrosamines, acetaldehyde, cyclo-oxygenase-2 pathways, androgen and their receptor levels, as well as smoking & alcohol, micronutrient deficiencies and diet, mycotoxins, thermal damage, oral hygiene and microbiotal factors, inhaled smoke, viral infections such as HPV, and chronic irritative states. Etiology is likely multifactorial and varies geographically. Though smoking and alcohol play a predominant role in high-income settings, there is strong evidence that mycotoxins, diet and temperature effects may play an under-recognized role in low and middle-income settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- John David Chetwood
- a Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme , Blantyre , Malawi
| | - Priya Garg
- a Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme , Blantyre , Malawi
| | | | - Melita Gordon
- a Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme , Blantyre , Malawi.,b College of Medicine , Blantyre , Malawi.,c Institute of Infection and Global Health , University of Liverpool , Liverpool , UK
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19
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Singh A, Kamal R, Tiwari R, Gaur VK, Bihari V, Satyanarayana G, Patel DK, Azeez PA, Srivastava V, Ansari A, Kesavachandran CN. Association between PAHs biomarkers and kidney injury biomarkers among kitchen workers with microalbuminuria: A cross-sectional pilot study. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 487:349-356. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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20
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Hoseini M, Nabizadeh R, Delgado-Saborit JM, Rafiee A, Yaghmaeian K, Parmy S, Faridi S, Hassanvand MS, Yunesian M, Naddafi K. Environmental and lifestyle factors affecting exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the general population in a Middle Eastern area. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 240:781-792. [PMID: 29778814 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.04.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate environmental and lifestyle factors affecting exposure to PAHs in the general population in a large city of the Middle East (Tehran) by measuring urinary monohydroxy polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OH-PAHs) and establishing relationships between PAHs exposure and related factors. Urine samples were collected from 222 randomly chosen subjects who were living in the urban area of Tehran, Iran. Subjects were required to complete a detailed questionnaire aimed to document their personal and sociodemographic information, activities, cooking-related appliances, smoking history/exposure, and consumed foodstuff. Identification and quantification of six OH-PAHs was carried out using a gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The geometric means for 1-OHP, 1-NAP, 2-NAP, 2-FLU, 9-FLU, and 9-PHE for whole population study were 310, 1220, 3070, 530, 330, and 130 ng/g creatinine, respectively. The two naphthalene metabolites contributed on average 77% of the total concentration of six measured OH-PAHs, followed by the 2-FLU, 1-OHP, 9-FLU, and 9-PHE. The most important predictors of urinary PAHs were consumption of grilled/barbecued foods, smoking, and exposure to environmental tobacco smoking. Water pipe smoking was linked to urinary OH-PAH metabolite in a dose-response function. Residential traffic was also related with OH-PAH metabolite concentrations. Other factors including gender, age, exposure to common house insecticides, open burning, and candle burning were found to be statistically associated with the urinary levels of some OH-PAHs. High exposure to PAHs among general population in Middle Eastern large cities and its associated health implications calls for public health measures to reduce PAHs exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hoseini
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Department of Environmental Health, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ramin Nabizadeh
- Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Juana Maria Delgado-Saborit
- ISGlobal Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Barcelona, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Division of Environmental Health & Risk Management, School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ata Rafiee
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamyar Yaghmaeian
- Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Parmy
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sasan Faridi
- Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sadegh Hassanvand
- Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masud Yunesian
- Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Kazem Naddafi
- Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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21
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Zhou B, Ma Y, Wei F, Zhang L, Chen X, Peng S, Xiong F, Peng X, NiZam B, Zou Y, Huang K. Association of active/passive smoking and urinary 1-hydroxypyrene with poor sleep quality: A cross-sectional survey among Chinese male enterprise workers. Tob Induc Dis 2018; 16:23. [PMID: 31516423 PMCID: PMC6659545 DOI: 10.18332/tid/90004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tobacco use has been implicated as an important factor for poor sleep quality. However, in most studies, the sleep quality of smokers was only assessed though a self-reported questionnaire, without measuring any internal biomarkers that reflect the levels of tobacco exposure. We examined the association of active and passive smoking with sleep quality, assessed smoking exposure using urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-HOP) as an internal biomarker, and further explored the relationship between 1-HOP and sleep quality. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Liuzhou city, Guangxi, China. A total of 1787 male enterprise workers were enrolled. The smoking attribute data were collected by self-reported questionnaire, and individual sleep quality was evaluated through the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The concentration of urinary 1-HOP was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS Compared with non-smoking, active smoking and passive smoking were significantly associated with long sleep latency (odds ratio, OR=1.84, 95% confidence interval, CI=1.28–2.64; 1.45, 1.00–2.11, respectively), short sleep duration (OR=2.72, 95% CI=1.45–5.09; 1.94, 1.01–3.71, respectively), daytime dysfunction (OR=1.54, 95% CI=1.10–2.17; 1.44, 1.02–2.03, respectively), and overall poor sleep quality with PSQI total score >5 (OR=1.41, 95% CI=1.05–1.88; 1.34, 1.00–1.79, respectively). Compared with non-smokers, active smokers had higher urinary 1-OHP concentrations that were significant (p=0.004), while passive smokers had no significant difference in urinary 1-OHP concentration (p=0.344). The high concentration group was significantly associated with daytime dysfunction and overall poor sleep quality with PSQI total score >5 (OR = 1.73, 95% CI=1.06–2.81; 1.76, 1.18–2.63, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Both active smoking and passive smoking are risk factors for poor sleep quality among Chinese male enterprise workers. Active smokers had significantly higher levels of urinary 1-OHP than non-smokers, and high concentration of 1-OHP was associated with daytime dysfunction and overall poor sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhou
- Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yifei Ma
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,AIDS Prevention and Control Institute, Liuzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Liuzhou, China
| | - Fu Wei
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Li'e Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- Department of Physical Examination, Guangxi Institute of Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Nanning, China
| | - Suwan Peng
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Feng Xiong
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaowu Peng
- Center for Environmental Health Research, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bushra NiZam
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yunfeng Zou
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Kaiyong Huang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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Liu S, Liu Q, Ostbye T, Story M, Deng X, Chen Y, Li W, Wang H, Qiu J, Zhang J. Levels and risk factors for urinary metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in children living in Chongqing, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 598:553-561. [PMID: 28454027 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Since childhood exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been associated with a variety of adverse health outcomes, the aims of this study were to1) document PAH exposure levels among children in Chongqing, China by measuring urinary concentrations of four PAH metabolites, 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHPyr), 2-hydroxynaphthalene (2-OHNap), 2-hydroxyfluorine (2-OHFlu) and 9-hydroxyphenanthrene (9-OHPhe), and 2) assess the associations of urinary concentrations of these PAH metabolites with risk factors related to sources of PAHs inhalation and ingestion exposures and with personal attributes such as sex, age, and BMI. METHODS The present study is a cross-sectional analysis using data drawn from the third follow up of a longitudinal study. Purposive sampling was used with all students in grades one to four in four schools being eligible to participate. The baseline survey included a total of 1237 students 5.8 to 12.2years of age. At the third follow up survey, 1.5years after the baseline survey, 1230 of the children had a physical exam and provided urine samples. Their parents completed a questionnaire including social-demographic information and possible sources of children's exposure to PAHs. Urine samples were measured for the four OH-PAHs using an HPLC-MS/MS technique. Concentrations were corrected by specific gravity. Linear regression analysis was used to investigate factors related to sources of PAHs exposure. RESULTS The urinary concentrations were highest for 9-OHPhe (median at the range of 3661ng/L), followed by 2-OHNap (3189ng/L), 2-OHFlu (1116ng/L), and 1-OHPyr (250ng/L). In multiple linear regressions, being female (P=0.04), school location near a thermal power plant (P=0.02) and higher maternal age at birth (P<0.01) were associated with increased concentrations of urinary 1-OHPyr; no significant associations were found for 2-OHNap; school location near a thermal power plant (P<0.01) and lower family income (P<0.01) were associated with increased concentrations of urinary 2-OHFlu; higher age (P<0.01), school location near a thermal power plant (P=0.01), frequent consumption of smoked foods (P=0.04) and lower family income (P=0.07) were all found to be associated with increased concentrations of 9-OHPhe. CONCLUSIONS Urinary concentrations of OH-PAHs, especially 9-OHPhe, were elevated in Chongqing Children compared to children in other countries. Being female, older age, school location near an industrial site, frequent consumption of smoked foods and lower family income were all associated with higher OH-PAHs concentrations. Further cohort studies are needed to confirm the associations between potential exposure sources and children's exposure to PAHs, in order to provide recommendations to reduce exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shudan Liu
- School of Public Health and Management, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Qin Liu
- School of Public Health and Management, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Truls Ostbye
- Department of Community and Family Medicine and Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Mary Story
- Department of Community and Family Medicine and Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Xu Deng
- School of Public Health and Management, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yiwen Chen
- School of Public Health and Management, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Wenyan Li
- School of Public Health and Management, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Hong Wang
- School of Public Health and Management, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jingfu Qiu
- School of Public Health and Management, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- Nicholas School of the Environment, and Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; School of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China.; Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, Jiangsu Province, China
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Huang X, Guan S, Wang J, Zhao L, Jia Y, Lu Z, Yin C, Yang S, Song Q, Han L, Wang C, Li J, Zhou W, Guo X, Cheng Y. The effects of air pollution on mortality and clinicopathological features of esophageal cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:58563-58576. [PMID: 28938579 PMCID: PMC5601675 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to estimate the associations between air pollution and esophageal cancer. In the ecologic cross-sectional study, correlation analyses were made between city-level mean concentrations of particulate matter less than 10μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM10), SO2, NO2 and city-level age-standardized mortality rates of esophageal cancer in Shandong Province, China. PM10 (p=0.046) and NO2 (p=0.03) both had significant linear correlations with esophageal cancer mortality rates. After introducing smoking as a risk factor in models of multiple linear regression analyses, PM10 was still an independent risk factor that increased esophageal cancer mortality rates. This study further compared clinicopathological features of 1,255 eligible esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients by dividing them into different pollution level groups. There was statistically significant difference in gender distributions (p=0.02) between groups after subgroup analysis. Female patients accounted for a higher proportion in the high PM10 level group than in the low PM10 level group. It suggested that females were more sensitive to higher PM10 level pollution. The features that manifested the degree of malignancy of esophageal cancer, including primary tumor invasion, regional lymph nodes metastasis, histological grade, stage, lymph-vascular invasion and tumor size demonstrated no statistically significant difference between groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Shanghui Guan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Jiangfeng Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Linli Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yibin Jia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Zilong Lu
- Department of Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Cuiping Yin
- Department of Rehabilitation, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Shengsi Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Qingxu Song
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Lihui Han
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Cong Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Jingyi Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaolei Guo
- Department of Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Yufeng Cheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
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Poursafa P, Amin MM, Hajizadeh Y, Mansourian M, Pourzamani H, Ebrahim K, Sadeghian B, Kelishadi R. Association of atmospheric concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with their urinary metabolites in children and adolescents. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:17136-17144. [PMID: 28585013 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9315-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to determine the atmospheric concentrations of particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5)-bounded polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their association with their urinary metabolites in children and adolescents. This study was conducted from October 2014 to March 2016 in Isfahan, Iran. We measured 16 species of PAHs bounded to PM2.5 by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) from 7 parts of the city. Moreover, PAH urinary metabolites were measured in 186 children and adolescents, randomly selected from households. Urinary metabolites consisted of 1-hydroxy naphthalene (1-naphthol), 2-hydroxy naphthalene (2-naphthol), 9-hydroxy phenanthrene (9-phenanthrol), and 1-hydroxy pyrene using GC/MS. Considering the short half-lives of PAHs, we measured the metabolites twice with 4 to 6 months of time interval. We found that the ambient concentrations of PAHs were significantly associated with their urinary metabolites. 1-hydroxy naphthalene and 2-hydroxy naphthalene concentrations showed an increase of 1.049 (95% CI: 1.030, 1.069) and 1.047 (95% CI: 1.025, 1.066) for each unit increase (1 ng/m3) in ambient naphthalene. Similarly, 1-hydroxy pyrene showed an increase of 1.009 (95% CI: 1.006-1.011) for each unit increase (1 ng/m3) in ambient pyrene concentration after adjustment for body mass index, physical activity level, urinary creatinine, age, and sex. The association of urinary 9-hydroxyphenanthrene and ambient phenantherene was significant in the crude model; however after adjustment for the abovementioned covariates, it was no more significant. We found significant correlations between exposure to ambient PM2.5-bounded PAHs and their urinary excretion. Considering the adverse health effects of PAHs in the pediatric age group, biomonitoring of PAHs should be underscored; preventive measures need to be intensified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parinaz Poursafa
- Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Amin
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezarjerib Ave, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Yaghoub Hajizadeh
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Marjan Mansourian
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Pourzamani
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Karim Ebrahim
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Roya Kelishadi
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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25
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Biological monitoring of urinary 1-hydroxypyrene by PAHs exposure among primary school students in Shiraz, Iran. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2016; 90:179-187. [DOI: 10.1007/s00420-016-1184-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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26
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Tang C, Tan J, Fan R, Zhao B, Tang C, Ou W, Jin J, Peng X. Quasi-targeted analysis of hydroxylation-related metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in human urine by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1461:59-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Abstract
There has been increasing demand for simple, rapid, highly sensitive, inexpensive yet reliable method for detecting predisposition to cancer. Human biomonitoring of exposure to the largest class of chemical carcinogen, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) that are rapidly transformed into detectable metabolites (eg, 1-hydroxypyrene), can serve as strong pointers to early detection of predisposition to cancer. Given that any exposure to PAH is assumed to pose a certain risk of cancer, several biomarkers have been employed in biomonitoring these ninth most threatening ranked compounds. They include metabolites in urine, urinary thioethers, urinary mutagenicity, genetoxic end points in lymphocytes, hemoglobin adducts of benzo(a)pyrene, PAH-protein adducts, and PAH-DNA adducts among others. In this chapter, the main focus will be on the urine metabolites since urine samples are easily collected and there is a robust analytical instrument for the determination of their metabolites.
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Ifegwu OC, Anyakora C, Chigome S, Torto N. Electrospun nanofiber sorbents for the pre-concentration of urinary 1-hydroxypyrene. J Anal Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1186/s40543-015-0055-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Synthetic polymers have some qualities that make them good candidates for pre concentration of trace analytes biological fluids because of their great potentials to be functionalized and electrospun into nanofibres.
Methods
In this study, Electrospun nanofiber sorbents fabricated from 11 polymers {poly(styrene-co-methacrylic acid), poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene) (SDVB), poly(styrene-co-acrylamide), poly(styrene-co-p-sodium styrene sulfonate), polystyrene, poly(vinyl benzyl chloride), cellulose acetate, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polysulfone, nylon 6} were evaluated for the extraction and pre-concentration of 1-hydroxypyrene from a water sample.
Results
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies revealed the formation of continuous fine bead-free and randomly arrayed fibers with their average diameters ranging from 110 to 650 nm. The percentage recoveries were highest for nylon 6 with 72%, SDVB with 70%, whereas PET achieved the lowest recovery at 34%. Under optimized conditions, the analyte followed a linear relationship for all sorbents in the concentration range of 1 to 1,000 μg/L. The coefficient of determination (r
2) was between 0.9990 to 0.9999, with precision (%relative standard deviation (RSD)) ≤ 9.51% (n = 6) for all the analysis. The %RSD for intra- and inter-day precision at three different concentrations, 10, 25, and 50 μg/L, was ≤7.88% for intraday and ≤8.04% inter-day (3 days), respectively, for all evaluated sorbents. The LOD and LOQ were found to be between 0.054 and 0.16 μg/L and 0.18 and 0.53 μg/L, respectively, using a fluorescent detector.
Conclusions
The study suggested that if packed into cartridges, nylon 6 and SDVB nanofiber sorbents could serve as alternatives to the conventional C-18 sorbents in the pre-concentration and clean-up of the tumorigenic biomarker, 1-hydroxypyrene in human urine. The fabrication of selective nanofibers could also extend and simplify sample preparation for organic and biological analytes.
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Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) comprise the largest class of cancer-causing chemicals and are ranked ninth among chemical compounds threatening to humans. Although interest in PAH has been mainly due to their carcinogenic property, many of these compounds are genotoxic, mutagenic, teratogenic, and carcinogenic. They tend to bioaccumulate in the soft tissues of living organisms. Interestingly, many are not directly carcinogenic, but act like synergists. PAH carcinogenicity is related to their ability to bind DNA thereby causing a series of disruptive effects that can result in tumor initiation. Thus, any structural attribute or modification of a PAH molecule that enhances DNA cross linking can cause carcinogenicity. In part I, we review exposure to these dangerous chemicals across a spectrum of use in the community and industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chimezie Anyakora
- The Centre for Applied Research on Separation Science, Lagos, Nigeria; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.
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Miao Q, Bouchard M, Chen D, Rosenberg MW, Aronson KJ. Commuting behaviors and exposure to air pollution in Montreal, Canada. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 508:193-198. [PMID: 25478656 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.11.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vehicular traffic is a major source of outdoor air pollution in urban areas, and studies have shown that air pollution is worse during hours of commuting to and from work and school. However, it is unclear to what extent different commuting behaviors are a source of air pollution compared to non-commuters, and if air pollution exposure actually differs by the mode of commuting. This study aimed to examine the relationships between commuting behaviors and air pollution exposure levels measured by urinary 1-OHP (1-hydroxypyrene), a biomarker of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). METHODS A cross-sectional study of 174 volunteers living in Montreal, 92 females and 82 males, aged 20 to 53 years was conducted in 2011. Each participant completed a questionnaire regarding demographic factors, commuting behaviors, home and workplace addresses, and potential sources of PAH exposure, and provided a complete first morning void urine sample for 1-OHP analysis. Multivariable general linear regression models were used to examine the relationships between different types of commuting and urinary 1-OHP levels. RESULTS Compared to non-commuters, commuters traveling by foot or bicycle and by car or truck had a significantly higher urinary 1-OHP concentration in urine (p=0.01 for foot or bicycle vs. non-commuters; p=0.02 for car or truck vs. non-commuters); those traveling with public transportation and combinations of two or more types of modes tended to have an increased 1-OHP level in urine (p=0.06 for public transportation vs. non-commuters; p=0.05 for commuters with combinations of two or more types of modes vs. non-commuters). No significant difference in urinary 1-OHP variation was found by mode of commuting. CONCLUSION This preliminary study suggests that despite the mode of commuting, all types of commuting during rush hours increase exposure to air pollution as measured by a sensitive PAH metabolite biomarker, and mode of commuting did not explain exposure variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Miao
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada; Cancer Research Institute at Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Michèle Bouchard
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Chair in Toxicological Risk Assessment and Management, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Dongmei Chen
- Department of Geography, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Mark W Rosenberg
- Department of Geography, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Kristan J Aronson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada; Cancer Research Institute at Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
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Miao Q, Chen D, Buzzelli M, Aronson KJ. Environmental equity research: review with focus on outdoor air pollution research methods and analytic tools. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 2015; 70:47-55. [PMID: 24972259 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2014.904266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to review environmental equity research on outdoor air pollution and, specifically, methods and tools used in research, published in English, with the aim of recommending the best methods and analytic tools. English language publications from 2000 to 2012 were identified in Google Scholar, Ovid MEDLINE, and PubMed. Research methodologies and results were reviewed and potential deficiencies and knowledge gaps identified. The publications show that exposure to outdoor air pollution differs by social factors, but findings are inconsistent in Canada. In terms of study designs, most were small and ecological and therefore prone to the ecological fallacy. Newer tools such as geographic information systems, modeling, and biomarkers offer improved precision in exposure measurement. Higher-quality research using large, individual-based samples and more precise analytic tools are needed to provide better evidence for policy-making to reduce environmental inequities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Miao
- a Department of Public Health Sciences , Queen's University , Kingston , Ontario , Canada
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Yang L, Zhou Y, Sun H, Lai H, Liu C, Yan K, Yuan J, Wu T, Chen W, Zhang X. Dose-response relationship between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites and risk of diabetes in the general Chinese population. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2014; 195:24-30. [PMID: 25194268 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of diabetes is increasing rapidly in Chinese population, and it has been postulated that environmental factors may play a role in the etiology of diabetes. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association between PAHs exposure and risk of diabetes in a community-based population of 2824 participants with completed questionnaires, measurements of biochemical indices, and urinary PAHs metabolites. We found that elevated urinary PAHs metabolites were associated, in a dose-dependent manner, with increased risk of diabetes. Particularly, these associations were more evident in subjects who were female, less than 55 years old, nonsmokers, and normal weight. In addition, there was a modest improvement in diabetes discrimination of prediction models when incorporating certain PAHs metabolites into conventional risk factors (CRF). Overall, our data suggested that there may be a dose-dependent relationship between PAHs metabolites and risk of diabetes among general Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangle Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Ministry of Education Key Lab for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yun Zhou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Ministry of Education Key Lab for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huizhen Sun
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Ministry of Education Key Lab for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hanpeng Lai
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Ministry of Education Key Lab for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuanyao Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Ministry of Education Key Lab for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Yan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Ministry of Education Key Lab for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Ministry of Education Key Lab for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tangchun Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Ministry of Education Key Lab for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Weihong Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Ministry of Education Key Lab for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Ministry of Education Key Lab for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Cordioli M, Ranzi A, Freni Sterrantino A, Erspamer L, Razzini G, Ferrari U, Gatti MG, Bonora K, Artioli F, Goldoni CA, Lauriola P. A comparison between self-reported and GIS-based proxies of residential exposure to environmental pollution in a case-control study on lung cancer. Spat Spatiotemporal Epidemiol 2014; 9:37-45. [PMID: 24889992 DOI: 10.1016/j.sste.2014.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2013] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In epidemiological studies both questionnaire results and GIS modeling have been used to assess exposure to environmental risk factors. Nevertheless, few studies have used both these techniques to evaluate the degree of agreement between different exposure assessment methodologies. As part of a case-control study on lung cancer, we present a comparison between self-reported and GIS-derived proxies of residential exposure to environmental pollution. 649 subjects were asked to fill out a questionnaire and give information about residential history and perceived exposure. Using GIS, for each residence we evaluated land use patterns, proximity to major roads and exposure to industrial pollution. We then compared the GIS exposure-index values among groups created on the basis of questionnaire responses. Our results showed a relatively high agreement between the two methods. Although none of these methods is the "exposure gold standard", understanding similarities, weaknesses and strengths of each method is essential to strengthen epidemiological evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cordioli
- University of Parma, Department of Bio-Sciences, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; Environmental Health Reference Centre, Regional Agency for Environmental Prevention of Emilia-Romagna, Via Begarelli 13, 41121 Modena, Italy.
| | - A Ranzi
- Environmental Health Reference Centre, Regional Agency for Environmental Prevention of Emilia-Romagna, Via Begarelli 13, 41121 Modena, Italy.
| | - A Freni Sterrantino
- Environmental Health Reference Centre, Regional Agency for Environmental Prevention of Emilia-Romagna, Via Begarelli 13, 41121 Modena, Italy; University of Bologna, Department of Statistical Sciences, Via Belle Arti 41, Bologna, Italy.
| | - L Erspamer
- Environmental Health Reference Centre, Regional Agency for Environmental Prevention of Emilia-Romagna, Via Begarelli 13, 41121 Modena, Italy.
| | - G Razzini
- Clinical Trials Office, Cancer Unit of the Carpi General Hospital, Via Guido Molinari 2, Carpi, Modena, Italy.
| | - U Ferrari
- Clinical Trials Office, Cancer Unit of the Carpi General Hospital, Via Guido Molinari 2, Carpi, Modena, Italy.
| | - M G Gatti
- Department of Public Health, Unit of Epidemiology, Local Health Unit of Modena, Strada Martiniana 21, Baggiovara, 41126 Modena, Italy.
| | - K Bonora
- Department of Public Health, Unit of Epidemiology, Local Health Unit of Modena, Strada Martiniana 21, Baggiovara, 41126 Modena, Italy.
| | - F Artioli
- Clinical Trials Office, Cancer Unit of the Carpi General Hospital, Via Guido Molinari 2, Carpi, Modena, Italy.
| | - C A Goldoni
- Department of Public Health, Unit of Epidemiology, Local Health Unit of Modena, Strada Martiniana 21, Baggiovara, 41126 Modena, Italy.
| | - P Lauriola
- Environmental Health Reference Centre, Regional Agency for Environmental Prevention of Emilia-Romagna, Via Begarelli 13, 41121 Modena, Italy.
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Ifegwu OC, Anyakora C, Chigome S, Torto N. Application of Nanofiber-packed SPE for Determination of Urinary 1-Hydroxypyrene Level Using HPLC. ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY INSIGHTS 2014; 9:17-25. [PMID: 24812483 PMCID: PMC3999818 DOI: 10.4137/aci.s13560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
It is always desirable to achieve maximum sample clean-up, extraction, and pre-concentration with the minimum possible organic solvent. The miniaturization of sample preparation devices was successfully demonstrated by packing 10 mg of 11 electrospun polymer nanofibers into pipette tip micro column and mini disc cartridges for efficient pre-concentration of 1-hydroxypyrene in urine samples. 1-hydroxypyrene is an extensively studied biomarker of the largest class of chemical carcinogens. Excretory 1-hydroxypyrene was monitored with HPLC/fluorescence detector. Important parameters influencing the percentage recovery such as fiber diameter, fiber packing amount, eluent, fiber packing format, eluent volume, surface area, porosity, and breakthrough parameters were thoroughly studied and optimized. Under optimized condition, there was a near perfect linearity of response in the range of 1-1000 μg/L with a coefficient of determination (r (2)) between 0.9992 and 0.9999 and precision (% RSD) ≤7.64% (n = 6) for all the analysis (10, 25, and 50 μg/L). The Limit of detection (LOD) was between 0.022 and 0.15 μg/L. When compared to the batch studies, both disc packed nanofiber sorbents and pipette tip packed sorbents exhibited evident dominance based on their efficiencies. The experimental results showed comparable absolute recoveries for the mini disc packed fibers (84% for Nylon 6) and micro columns (80% for Nylon 6), although the disc displayed slightly higher recoveries possibly due to the exposure of the analyte to a larger reacting surface. The results also showed highly comparative extraction efficiencies between the nanofibers and conventional C-18 SPE sorbent. Nevertheless, miniaturized SPE devices simplified sample preparation, reducing back pressure, time of the analysis with acceptable reliability, selectivity, detection levels, and environmental friendliness, hence promoting green chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Okechukwu Clinton Ifegwu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria. ; Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - Chimezie Anyakora
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Samuel Chigome
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - Nelson Torto
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
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Miao Q, Bouchard M, Chen D, Burstyn I, Spinelli JJ, Aronson KJ. Assessing traffic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure in Montreal, Canada. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 470-471:945-953. [PMID: 24239815 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The International Agency for Research on Cancer classifies specific polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as probable carcinogens. This study compares two PAH biomarkers and their relationship with geographic information system (GIS) based traffic density (a proxy of PAH exposure), and explores the determinants of the PAH biomarkers. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in Montreal with 200 volunteers (107 females and 93 males) ages 20 to 53 years. Data were collected by questionnaire, urine samples were used for biomarker analysis, and innovative GIS-based time- and distance-weighted traffic densities (TDWTD) were calculated for all locations of participants during the 48 h prior to urine collection. RESULTS Detection rates of the two biomarkers were greater than 95%. Female participants had higher 1-OHP and 1-OHPG levels than males, and no relationship was detected between TDWTD in 48 h and the two PAH biomarkers. Biomarker levels were related to smoking more than one pack of cigarettes in the previous 48 h, and among non-smokers, barbecued meat consumption increased the level of urinary 1-OHP (exp β: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.07 to 1.98). CONCLUSIONS Both 1-OHP and 1-OHPG can be used to assess the relatively low PAH levels to which the general population is exposed. With the exception of smoking, the impact of PAH exposure factors on the biomarkers is relatively small in this study population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Miao
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada; Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Michèle Bouchard
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Chair in Toxicological Risk Assessment and Management, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Dongmei Chen
- Department of Geography, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Igor Burstyn
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John J Spinelli
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kristan J Aronson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada; Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
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Yin WQ, Wang L, Li RR, Cao SY, Ye YT, Li L. Personal exposure levels of PAHs in the general population in northern rural area of Jiangsu Province, China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2014; 49:281-286. [PMID: 24279619 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2014.846604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of compounds that are produced by incomplete combustion of organic matters. Studies in humans have shown associations between PAHs exposure and development of cancers. Urinary monohydroxy polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OH-PAHs) are a class of PAH metabolites used as biomarkers for estimating human exposure to PAHs. We collected 332 urinary samples from a nonoccupational population in northern rural area of Jiangsu. Levels of 2-hydroxynathalene (2-OHN), 2-hydroxyfluorene (2-OHF) and 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) were measured as biomarkers to assess body PAHs burdens. Three PAH metabolites were detected in more than 80% of urinary samples. After being adjusted with urinary creatinine concentration, the urinary concentrations were determined as 2-OHF > 1-OHP > 2-OHN in terms. The medians of 2-OHN, 2-OHF, 1-OHP for the general population were 1.74, 30.01, 25.24 μmoL/moL creatinine, respectively. The results demonstrated that nonoccupational populations in northern rural area of Jiangsu were exposed to extremely high PAHs. The urinary concentration (median and geometric mean) of 2-OHN,2-OHF,1-OHP in males (1.90, 0.37 ± 0.46; 34.90, 1.53 ± 0.41; 27.84, 1.52 ± 0.29 μmoL/moL creatinine, respectively) was slightly higher than in females (1.56, 0.32 ± 0.42; 29.60, 1.48 ± 0.40; 23.13, 1.49 ± 0.32 μmoL/moL creatinine, respectively). However, only 2-OHN was different significantly between males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Q Yin
- a Department of Hygienic Analysis and Detection, School of Public Health , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , Jiangsu , P. R. China
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Powell JB, Ghotbaddini M. Cancer-promoting and Inhibiting Effects of Dietary Compounds: Role of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 3. [PMID: 25258701 PMCID: PMC4172379 DOI: 10.4172/2167-0501.1000131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Polyaromatic hydrocarbons, heterocyclic aromatic amines and dioxin-like compounds are environmental carcinogens shown to initiate cancer in a number of tissue types including prostate and breast. These environmental carcinogens elicit their effects through interacting with the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a ligand activated transcription factor. Naturally occurring compounds found in fruits and vegetables shown to have anti-carcinogenic effects also interact with the AhR. This review explores dietary and environmental exposure to chemical carcinogens and beneficial natural compounds whose effects are elicited by the AhR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joann B Powell
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Maryam Ghotbaddini
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA USA
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Ifegwu C, Igwo-Ezikpe MN, Anyakora C, Osuntoki A, Oseni KA, Alao EO. 1-hydroxypyrene levels in blood samples of rats after exposure to generator fumes. BIOMARKERS IN CANCER 2013; 5:1-6. [PMID: 24179393 PMCID: PMC3791950 DOI: 10.4137/bic.s10759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a major component of fuel generator fumes. Carcinogenicity of these compounds has long been established. In this study, 37 Swiss albino rats were exposed to generator fumes at varied distances for 8 hours per day for a period of 42 days and the level of 1-hydroxypyrene in their blood was evaluated. This study also tried to correlate the level of blood 1-hyroxypyrene with the distance from the source of pollution. Plasma was collected by centrifuging the whole blood sample followed by complete hydrolysis of the conjugated 1-hydroxypyrene glucuronide to yield the analyte of interest, 1-hydroxypyrene, which was achieved using beta glucuronidase. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV detector was used to determine the 1-hydroxypyrene concentrations in the blood samples. The mobile phase was water:methanol (12:88 v/v) isocratic run at the flow rate of 1.2 mL/min with CI8 stationary phase at 250 nm. After 42 days of exposure, blood concentration level of 1-hydroxypyrene ranged from 34 μg/mL to 26.29 μg/mL depending on the distance from source of exposure. The control group had no 1-hydroxypyrene in their blood. After the period of exposure, percentage of death correlated with the distance from the source of exposure. Percentage of death ranged from 56% to zero depending on the proximity to source of pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clinton Ifegwu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos
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A cross-sectional analysis of light at night, neighborhood sociodemographics and urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin concentrations: implications for the conduct of health studies. Int J Health Geogr 2013; 12:39. [PMID: 24127816 PMCID: PMC3766028 DOI: 10.1186/1476-072x-12-39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is accumulating evidence that circadian disruption, mediated by alterations in melatonin levels, may play an etiologic role in a wide variety of diseases. The degree to which light-at-night (LAN) and other factors can alter melatonin levels is not well-documented. Our primary objective was to evaluate the degree to which estimates of outdoor environmental LAN predict 6-sulftoxymelatonin (aMT6s), the primary urinary metabolite of melatonin. We also evaluated other potential behavioral, sociodemographic, and anthropomorphic predictors of aMT6s. METHODS Study participants consisted of 303 members of the California Teachers Study who provided a 24-hour urine specimen and completed a self-administered questionnaire in 2000. Urinary aMT6s was measured using the Bühlmann ELISA. Outdoor LAN levels were estimated from satellite imagery data obtained from the U.S. Defense Meteorological Satellite Program's (DMSP) Operational Linescan System and assigned to study participants' geocoded residential address. Information on other potential predictors of aMT6s was derived from self-administered surveys. Neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES) was based on U.S. Census block group data. RESULTS Lower aMT6s levels were significantly associated with older age, shorter nights, and residential locations in lower SES neighborhoods. Outdoor sources of LAN estimated using low-dynamic range DMSP data had insufficient variability across urban neighborhoods to evaluate. While high-dynamic range DMSP offered much better variability, it was not significantly associated with urinary aMT6s. CONCLUSIONS Future health studies should utilize the high-dynamic range DMSP data and should consider other potential sources of circadian disruption associated with living in lower SES neighborhoods.
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Gunier RB, Horn-Ross PL, Canchola AJ, Duffy CN, Reynolds P, Hertz A, Garcia E, Rull RP. Determinants and within-person variability of urinary cadmium concentrations among women in northern California. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2013; 121:643-9. [PMID: 23552363 PMCID: PMC3672909 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1205524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic metal associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Urinary Cd (U-Cd) concentration is considered a biomarker of long-term exposure. OBJECTIVES Our objectives were to evaluate the within-person correlation among repeat samples and to identify predictors of U-Cd concentrations. METHODS U-Cd concentrations (micrograms per liter) were measured in 24-hr urine samples collected from 296 women enrolled in the California Teachers Study in 2000 and a second 24-hr sample collected 3-9 months later from 141 of the participants. Lifestyle and sociodemographic characteristics were obtained via questionnaires. The Total Diet Study database was used to quantify dietary cadmium intake based on a food frequency questionnaire. We estimated environmental cadmium emissions near participants' residences using a geographic information system. RESULTS The geometric mean U-Cd concentration was 0.27 µg/L and the range was 0.1-3.6 µg/L. The intraclass correlation among repeat samples from an individual was 0.50. The use of a single 24-hr urine specimen to characterize Cd exposure in a case-control study would result in an observed odds ratio of 1.4 for a true odds ratio of 2.0. U-Cd concentration increased with creatinine, age, and lifetime pack-years of smoking among ever smokers or lifetime intensity-years of passive smoking among nonsmokers, whereas it decreased with greater alcohol consumption and number of previous pregnancies. These factors explained 42-44% of the variability in U-Cd concentrations. CONCLUSION U-Cd levels varied with several individual characteristics, and a single measurement of U-Cd in a 24-hr sample did not accurately reflect medium- to long-term body burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert B Gunier
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Berkeley, California, USA
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Roshandel G, Semnani S, Malekzadeh R, Dawsey SM. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. ARCHIVES OF IRANIAN MEDICINE 2013; 15:713-22. [PMID: 23102250 DOI: 0121511/aim.0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) is the 8th most common cancer and the 6th most frequent cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the most common type of EC. Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has been suggested as a risk factor for developing ESCC. In this paper we will review different aspects of the relationship between PAH exposure and ESCC. PAHs are a group of compounds that are formed by incomplete combustion of organic matter. Studies in humans have shown an association between PAH exposure and development of ESCC in many populations. The results of a recent case-control study in a high risk population in northeastern Iran showed a dramatic dose-response relationship between PAH content in non-tumor esophageal tissue (the target tissue for esophageal carcinogenesis) and ESCC case status, consistent with a causal role for PAH exposure in the pathogenesis of ESCC. Identifying the main sources of exposure to PAHs may be the first and most important step in designing appropriate PAH-reduction interventions for controlling ESCC, especially in high risk areas. Coal smoke and drinking mate have been suggested as important modifiable sources of PAH exposure in China and Brazil, respectively. But the primary source of exposure to PAHs in other high risk areas for ESCC, such as northeastern Iran, has not yet been identified. Thus, environmental studies to determining important sources of PAH exposure should be considered as a high priority in future research projects in these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholamreza Roshandel
- Digestive Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Islami F, Boffetta P, van Schooten FJ, Strickland P, Phillips DH, Pourshams A, Fazel-Tabar Malekshah A, Godschalk R, Jafari E, Etemadi A, Abubaker S, Kamangar F, Straif K, Møller H, Schüz J, Malekzadeh R. Exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Among Never Smokers in Golestan Province, Iran, an Area of High Incidence of Esophageal Cancer - a Cross-Sectional Study with Repeated Measurement of Urinary 1-OHPG in Two Seasons. Front Oncol 2012; 2:14. [PMID: 22655262 PMCID: PMC3356003 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2012.00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Accepted: 01/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies have suggested a possible role of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the etiology of esophageal cancer in Golestan Province, Iran, where incidence of this cancer is very high. In order to investigate the patterns of non-smoking related exposure to PAHs in Golestan, we conducted a cross-sectional study collecting questionnaire data, genotyping polymorphisms related to PAH metabolism, and measuring levels of 1-hydroxypyrene glucuronide (1-OHPG), a PAH metabolite, in urine samples collected in two seasons from the same group of 111 randomly selected never-smoking women. Beta-coefficients for correlations between 1-OHPG as dependent variable and other variables were calculated using linear regression models. The creatinine-adjusted 1-OHPG levels in both winter and summer samples were approximately 110 μmol/molCr (P for seasonal difference = 0.40). In winter, red meat intake (β = 0.208; P = 0.03), processed meat intake (β = 0.218; P = 0.02), and GSTT1-02 polymorphism ("null" genotype: β = 0.228; P = 0.02) showed associations with 1-OHPG levels, while CYP1B1-07 polymorphism (GG versus AA + GA genotypes: β = -0.256; P = 0.008) showed an inverse association. In summer, making bread at home (> weekly versus never: β = 0.203; P = 0.04), second-hand smoke (exposure to ≥3 cigarettes versus no exposure: β = 0.254; P = 0.01), and GSTM1-02 "null" genotype (β = 0.198; P = 0.04) showed associations with 1-OHPG levels, but GSTP1-02 polymorphism (CT + TT versus CC: β = -0.218; P = 0.03) showed an inverse association. This study confirms high exposure of the general population in Golestan to PAHs and suggests that certain foods, cooking methods, and genetic polymorphisms increase exposure to PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Islami
- International Agency for Research on CancerLyon, France
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehran, Iran
- King’s College London, Thames Cancer RegistryLondon, UK
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- International Prevention Research InstituteLyon, France
- The Tisch Cancer Institute and Institute for Transitional Epidemiology, Mount Sinai School of MedicineNew York, NY, USA
| | | | - Paul Strickland
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimore, MD, USA
| | - David H. Phillips
- Section of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Institute of Cancer ResearchSutton, UK
| | - Akram Pourshams
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehran, Iran
| | | | - Roger Godschalk
- Department of Toxicology, NUTRIM, Maastricht UniversityMaastricht, Netherlands
| | - Elham Jafari
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehran, Iran
| | - Arash Etemadi
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehran, Iran
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD, USA
| | - Salahadin Abubaker
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimore, MD, USA
| | - Farin Kamangar
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kurt Straif
- International Agency for Research on CancerLyon, France
| | - Henrik Møller
- King’s College London, Thames Cancer RegistryLondon, UK
| | - Joachim Schüz
- International Agency for Research on CancerLyon, France
| | - Reza Malekzadeh
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehran, Iran
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Li Z, Mulholland JA, Romanoff LC, Pittman EN, Trinidad DA, Lewin MD, Sjödin A. Assessment of non-occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons through personal air sampling and urinary biomonitoring. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 12:1110-18. [PMID: 21491629 DOI: 10.1039/c000689k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Non-occupational inhalation and ingestion exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has been studied in 8 non-smoking volunteers through personal air sampling and urinary biomonitoring. The study period was divided into 4 segments (2 days/segment), including weekdays with regular commute and weekends with limited traffic related exposures; each segment had a high or low PAH diet. Personal air samples were collected continuously from the subjects while at home, at work, and while commuting to and from work. All urine excretions were collected as individual samples during the study. In personal air samples, 28 PAHs were measured, and in urine samples 9 mono-hydroxylated metabolites (OH-PAHs) from 4 parent PAHs (naphthalene, fluorene, phenanthrene and pyrene) were measured. Naphthalene was found at higher concentrations in air samples collected at the subjects' residences, whereas PAHs with four or more aromatic rings were found at higher levels in samples taken while commuting. Urinary OH-PAH biomarker levels increased following reported high inhalation and/or dietary exposure. On days with a low PAH diet, the total amount of inhaled naphthalene during each 24-hour period was well correlated with the amount of excreted naphthols, as was, to a lesser extent, fluorene with its urinary metabolites. During days with a high dietary intake, only naphthalene was significantly correlated with its excreted metabolite. These findings suggest that this group of non-occupational subjects were exposed to naphthalene primarily through indoor air inhalation, and exposed to other PAHs such as pyrene mainly through ingestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway F-53,Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
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Deziel NC, Strickland PT, Platz EA, Abubaker S, Buckley TJ. Comparison of standard methods for assessing dietary intake of benzo[a]pyrene. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011; 20:962-70. [PMID: 21430297 PMCID: PMC4618457 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-10-1344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inconsistent presence and strength of associations between dietary benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) exposure and cancers may be due to differences in exposure assessment methods. Thus, we determined correlations of usual meat and BaP intake among three methods: food frequency questionnaires (FFQ), diet diaries, and a biomarker. METHODS Thirty-six nonsmokers were recruited in Baltimore, MD during 2004-2005. Meat and BaP intake estimated from baseline and follow-up FFQs combined with a BaP residue database (FFQ-RD), mean meat and BaP intake estimated from three diet diaries coupled with the residue database (Diary-RD), and mean of three urinary 1-hydroxypyrene glucuronide (1-OHPG) measurements were compared using Spearman correlations. Collections spanned approximately nine months. RESULTS BaP intakes from meat from the baseline [median = 6.4, interquartile range (IQR) = 13.9 ng/d] and follow-up FFQ-RD (median = 7.3, IQR = 35.7 ng/d) were higher than the Diary-RD (median = 1.1, IQR = 7.4 ng/d). Mean 1-OHPG concentration was weakly correlated with mean meat intake (r = 0.33, P = 0.05) and BaP intake from meat (r = 0.27, P = 0.11) from the Diary-RD. Mean BaP intake estimated from the Diary-RD was positively correlated with the follow-up (r = 0.35, P = 0.04) but not baseline (r = 0.20, P = 0.24) FFQ; the converse was true for meat intake. CONCLUSIONS Diary-RD estimates were supported by biomarker measurements, but considerable unexplained variability remained. Limited correlation among the dietary BaP exposure assessment methods could be due to differences in timeframes covered by the assessments, interpersonal variability in metabolism, deficiencies in the residue database, or nondietary exposures to BaP. IMPACT Limited correlation in estimated BaP intake among standard methods may contribute to inconsistent epidemiology of BaP and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole C Deziel
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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Wilson RA, Seliskar CJ, Talaska G, Heineman WR. Spectroelectrochemical Sensing of Pyrene Metabolites 1-Hydroxypyrene and 1-Hydroxypyrene-glucuronide. Anal Chem 2011; 83:3725-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ac200161s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert A. Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, 301 Clifton Court, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172, United States
| | - Carl J. Seliskar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, 301 Clifton Court, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172, United States
| | - Glenn Talaska
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, 3223 Eden Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267-0056, United States
| | - William R. Heineman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, 301 Clifton Court, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172, United States
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Whitehead T, Metayer C, Gunier RB, Ward MH, Nishioka MG, Buffler P, Rappaport SM. Determinants of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon levels in house dust. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2011; 21:123-32. [PMID: 20040932 PMCID: PMC2891419 DOI: 10.1038/jes.2009.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2009] [Accepted: 11/28/2009] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Estimation of human exposures to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is often desired for the epidemiological studies of cancer. One way to obtain information about indoor levels of PAHs is to measure these chemicals in house dust. In this study, we evaluated the predictive value of self-reported and geographic data for estimating measured levels of nine PAHs in house dust from 583 households in the Northern California Childhood Leukemia Study (NCCLS). Using multivariable linear regression models, we evaluated the effects on house-dust PAH concentrations from the following covariates: residential heating sources, smoking habits, house characteristics, and outdoor emission sources. House dust was collected from 2001 to 2007, using both high-volume surface samplers and household vacuum cleaners, and was analyzed for nine PAHs using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. All nine PAHs were detected in more than 93% of dust samples, with median concentrations ranging from 14 to 94 ng/g dust. Statistically significant effects on PAH concentrations in house dust were found for gas heating, outdoor PAH concentrations, and residence age. Yet, the optimal regression model only explained 15% of the variation in PAH levels in house dust. As self-reported data and outdoor PAH sources were only marginally predictive of observed PAH levels, we recommend that PAH concentrations be measured directly in dust samples for use in epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd Whitehead
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
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Recent contributions of air- and biomarkers to the control of secondhand smoke (SHS): a review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2011; 8:648-82. [PMID: 21556172 PMCID: PMC3083663 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph8030648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2010] [Revised: 01/12/2011] [Accepted: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Since the publication of the US Surgeon General Reports in 1996 and 2006 and the report of the California Environmental Protection Agency in 1999, many reports have appeared on the contribution of air and biomarkers to different facets of the secondhand smoke (SHS) issue, which are the targets of this review. These recent studies have allowed earlier epidemiological surveys to be biologically validated, and their plausibility demonstrated, quantified the levels of exposure to SHS before the bans in various environments, showed the deficiencies of mechanical control methods and of partial bans and the frequently correct implementation of the efficient total bans. More stringent regulation remains necessary in the public domain (workplaces, hospitality venues, transport sector, etc.) in many countries. Personal voluntary protection efforts against SHS are also needed in the private domain (homes, private cars). The effects of SHS on the cardiovascular, respiratory and neuropsychic systems, on pregnancy and fertility, on cancers and on SHS genotoxicity are confirmed through experimental human studies and through the relationship between markers and prevalence of disease or of markers of disease risk.
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Wu J, Hou H, Ritz B, Chen Y. Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and missed abortion in early pregnancy in a Chinese population. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2010; 408:2312-8. [PMID: 20219237 PMCID: PMC10916680 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2009] [Revised: 02/11/2010] [Accepted: 02/15/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are formed during incomplete burning of fossil fuels, wood, and tobacco products. High PAH exposure has been associated with low birth weight, intrauterine growth restriction, and preterm birth, but little is known about its impact on adverse outcomes in early pregnancy such as in-utero fetal death. OBJECTIVES To examine associations between exposure to PAHs and missed abortion in which the embryo has died but a miscarriage has not yet occurred during early pregnancy in a Chinese population in Tianjin. METHODS A case-control study was conducted from April to November, 2007 in Tianjin, China. Cases experienced a missed abortion while controls underwent elective abortions before 14weeks of pregnancy. Eighty-one cases were recruited from four hospitals, with the same number of controls matched on hospital, maternal age (+/-8years), gravidity (1 or >1), and gestational age (+/-30days). Two maternal measures of PAH exposures were obtained based on benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) DNA adducts in 1) aborted tissues and 2) maternal blood (for a subset of subjects). In addition, proxy measures for PAH exposures from different sources were derived from maternal interviews. RESULTS In conditional logistic regression analyses, we estimated more than 4-fold increase in risk of having experienced a missed abortion in women with above the median levels of blood BaP-DNA adducts (adjusted OR=4.27; 95% CI, 1.41-12.99); but no increase with adduct levels in aborted tissues (adjusted OR=0.76; 95% CI, 0.37-1.54). BaP-DNA adduct levels in maternal blood and aborted tissues were poorly correlated (r=-0.12; n=102). Missed abortion risk also was higher among women reporting traffic congestion near the residence, commuting by walking, and performing regular cooking activities during pregnancy. CONCLUSION High levels of maternal PAH exposures may contribute to an increased risk of experiencing a missed abortion during early pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wu
- Program in Public Health and Department of Epidemiology, College of Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Haiyan Hou
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Beate Ritz
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yaqiong Chen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
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Li Z, Sandau CD, Romanoff LC, Caudill SP, Sjodin A, Needham LL, Patterson DG. Concentration and profile of 22 urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites in the US population. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2008; 107:320-31. [PMID: 18313659 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2008.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2007] [Revised: 12/06/2007] [Accepted: 01/16/2008] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Urinary monohydroxy polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OH-PAHs) are a class of PAH metabolites used as biomarkers for assessing human exposure to PAHs. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) uses OH-PAHs to establish reference range concentrations for the US population, and to set benchmarks for future epidemiologic and biomonitoring studies. For the years 2001 and 2002, 22 OH-PAH metabolites were measured in urine specimens from 2748 NHANES participants. Percentages of samples with detectable levels ranged from nearly 100% for metabolites of naphthalene, fluorene, phenanthrene, and pyrene, to less than 5% for metabolites from parent compounds with higher molecular weight such as chrysene, benzo[c]phenanthrene, and benz[a]anthracene. The geometric mean for 1-hydroxypyrene (1-PYR)--the most commonly used biomarker for PAH exposure--was 49.6 ng/L urine, or 46.4 ng/g creatinine. Children (ages 6-11) generally had higher levels than did adolescents (ages 12-19) or adults (ages 20 and older). Model-adjusted, least-square geometric means for 1-PYR were 87, 53 and 43 ng/L for children, adolescents (ages 12-19) and adults (ages 20 years and older), respectively. Log-transformed concentrations for major detectable OH-PAHs were significantly correlated with each other. The correlation coefficients between 1-PYR and other metabolites ranging from 0.17 to 0.63 support the use of 1-PYR as a useful surrogate representing PAH exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Environmental Health, 4770 Buford Highway, F53 Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
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Myers SR, Zamora R, Ali Y, Cunningham CR, Wright T, Weeks J. ANALYSIS OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN AMNIOTIC FLUID SAMPLES FROM SMOKERS AND NONSMOKERS. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/10406630701779434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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