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Kothapalli KSD, Park HG, Kothapalli NSL, Brenna JT. FADS2 function at the major cancer hotspot 11q13 locus alters fatty acid metabolism in cancer. Prog Lipid Res 2023; 92:101242. [PMID: 37597812 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of fatty acid metabolism and de novo lipogenesis is a key driver of several cancer types through highly unsaturated fatty acid (HUFA) signaling precursors such as arachidonic acid. The human chromosome 11q13 locus has long been established as the most frequently amplified in a variety of human cancers. The fatty acid desaturase genes (FADS1, FADS2 and FADS3) responsible for HUFA biosynthesis localize to the 11q12-13.1 region. FADS2 activity is promiscuous, catalyzing biosynthesis of several unsaturated fatty acids by Δ6, Δ8, and Δ4 desaturation. Our main aim here is to review known and putative consequences of FADS2 dysregulation due to effects on the 11q13 locus potentially driving various cancer types. FADS2 silencing causes synthesis of sciadonic acid (5Z,11Z,14Z-20:3) in MCF7 cells and breast cancer in vivo. 5Z,11Z,14Z-20:3 is structurally identical to arachidonic acid (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-20:4) except it lacks the internal Δ8 double bond required for prostaglandin and leukotriene synthesis, among other eicosanoids. Palmitic acid has substrate specificity for both SCD and FADS2. Melanoma, prostate, liver and lung cancer cells insensitive to SCD inhibition show increased FADS2 activity and sapienic acid biosynthesis. Elevated serum mead acid levels found in hepatocellular carcinoma patients suggest an unsatisfied demand for arachidonic acid. FADS2 circular RNAs are at high levels in colorectal and lung cancer tissues. FADS2 circular RNAs are associated with shorter overall survival in colorectal cancer patients. The evidence thusfar supports an effort for future research on the role of FADS2 as a tumor suppressor in a range of neoplastic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumar S D Kothapalli
- Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Dell Medical School and Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, 1400 Barbara Jordan Blvd, Austin, TX 78723, USA.
| | - Hui Gyu Park
- Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Dell Medical School and Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, 1400 Barbara Jordan Blvd, Austin, TX 78723, USA
| | | | - J Thomas Brenna
- Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Dell Medical School and Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, 1400 Barbara Jordan Blvd, Austin, TX 78723, USA.
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2
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Song SH, Kim E, Woo E, Kwon E, Yoon S, Kim JK, Lee H, Oh JJ, Lee S, Hong SK, Byun SS. Prediction of clinically significant prostate cancer using polygenic risk models in Asians. Investig Clin Urol 2022; 63:42-52. [PMID: 34983122 PMCID: PMC8756152 DOI: 10.4111/icu.20210305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To develop and evaluate the performance of a polygenic risk score (PRS) constructed in a Korean male population to predict clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa). Materials and Methods Total 2,702 PCa samples and 7,485 controls were used to discover csPCa susceptible single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Males with biopsy-proven or post-radical prostatectomy Gleason score 7 or higher were included for analysis. After genotype imputation for quality control, logistic regression models were applied to test association and calculate effect size. Extracted candidate SNPs were further tested to compare predictive performance according to number of SNPs included in the PRS. The best-fit model was validated in an independent cohort of 311 cases and 822 controls. Results Of the 83 candidate SNPs with significant PCa association reported in previous literature, rs72725879 located in PRNCR1 showed the highest significance for PCa risk (odds ratio, 0.597; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.555–0.641; p=4.3×10-45). Thirty-two SNPs within 26 distinct loci were further selected for PRS construction. Best performance was found with the top 29 SNPs, with AUC found to be 0.700 (95% CI, 0.667–0.734). Males with very-high PRS (above the 95th percentile) had a 4.92-fold increased risk for csPCa. Conclusions Ethnic-specific PRS was developed and validated in Korean males to predict csPCa susceptibility using the largest csPCa sample size in Asia. PRS can be a potential biomarker to predict individual risk. Future multi-ethnic trials are required to further validate our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hun Song
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.,Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | - Eunkyung Kwon
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.,Procagen, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Sungroh Yoon
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Kwon Kim
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hakmin Lee
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jong Jin Oh
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.,Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sangchul Lee
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Sung Kyu Hong
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.,Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok-Soo Byun
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.,Procagen, Seongnam, Korea.,Department of Medical Device Development, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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3
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Kothapalli KSD, Park HG, Brenna JT. Polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis pathway and genetics. implications for interindividual variability in prothrombotic, inflammatory conditions such as COVID-19 ✰,✰✰,★,★★. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2020; 162:102183. [PMID: 33038834 PMCID: PMC7527828 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2020.102183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 symptoms vary from silence to rapid death, the latter mediated by both a cytokine storm and a thrombotic storm. SARS-CoV (2003) induces Cox-2, catalyzing the synthesis, from highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA), of eicosanoids and docosanoids that mediate both inflammation and thrombosis. HUFA balance between arachidonic acid (AA) and other HUFA is a likely determinant of net signaling to induce a healthy or runaway physiological response. AA levels are determined by a non-protein coding regulatory polymorphisms that mostly affect the expression of FADS1, located in the FADS gene cluster on chromosome 11. Major and minor haplotypes in Europeans, and a specific functional insertion-deletion (Indel), rs66698963, consistently show major differences in circulating AA (>50%) and in the balance between AA and other HUFA (47-84%) in free living humans; the indel is evolutionarily selective, probably based on diet. The pattern of fatty acid responses is fully consistent with specific genetic modulation of desaturation at the FADS1-mediated 20:3→20:4 step. Well established principles of net tissue HUFA levels indicate that the high linoleic acid and low alpha-linoleic acid in populations drive the net balance of HUFA for any individual. We predict that fast desaturators (insertion allele at rs66698963; major haplotype in Europeans) are predisposed to higher risk and pathological responses to SARS-CoV-2 could be reduced with high dose omega-3 HUFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumar S D Kothapalli
- Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Depts of Pediatrics, of Chemistry, and of Nutrition, University of Texas at Austin, 1400 Barbara Jordan Blvd, Austin, TX, United States.
| | - Hui Gyu Park
- Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Depts of Pediatrics, of Chemistry, and of Nutrition, University of Texas at Austin, 1400 Barbara Jordan Blvd, Austin, TX, United States.
| | - J Thomas Brenna
- Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Depts of Pediatrics, of Chemistry, and of Nutrition, University of Texas at Austin, 1400 Barbara Jordan Blvd, Austin, TX, United States; Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States.
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4
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Motamedi RK, Sarhangi N, Afshari M, Sattari M, Jamaldini SH, Samzadeh M, Mohsen Ziaei SA, Pourmand GR, Hasanzad M. Kallikarein-related peptidase 3 common genetic variant and the risk of prostate cancer. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:14822-14830. [PMID: 31017705 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Kallikarein-related peptidase 3 (KLK3) gene polymorphisms seem to play a role in susceptibility to prostate cancer (PC). The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between rs2735839 polymorphism of KLK3 gene and risk of PC in an Iranian population. In this case-control study, rs2735839 was genotyped in 532 patients with PC and 602 controls with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. The frequency of GG, AG, and AA genotypes of KLK3 polymorphism was 24.6% and 76.2%, 46.6% and 21.7%, and 28.8% and 2.1%, in patients with BPH and PC, respectively (P < 0.001). The frequency of G allele in patients with BPH and PC was 47.9% and 87%, respectively (odds ratio: 7.31; confidence interval: 5.88-9.10; P < 0.001). Patients with AG and GG genotypes had a higher total serum level of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) compared to those with AA genotype (P < 0.001). Patients with this polymorphism had higher risk of tumor with higher grade (P = 0.23), advanced stage (P = 0.11), perineural invasion (P = 0.07), and vascular invasion (P = 0.07) compared to those without it but this difference was not statistically significant. Based on our results, KLK3 gene polymorphism was associated with the risk of PC. Higher levels of PSA in the presence of KLK3 polymorphism in patients with PC indicated that rs2735839 polymorphism could be a risk factor for increased levels of PSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rouhollah K Motamedi
- Medical Genomics Research Center, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negar Sarhangi
- Personalized Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Afshari
- Department of Community Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Mahshid Sattari
- Medical Genomics Research Center, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed H Jamaldini
- Medical Genomics Research Center, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Samzadeh
- Medical Genomics Research Center, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed A Mohsen Ziaei
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Labbafinejad Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholam R Pourmand
- Urology Research center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mandana Hasanzad
- Medical Genomics Research Center, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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5
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Song CL, Liu B, Shi YF, Liu N, Yan YY, Zhang JC, Xue X, Wang JP, Zhao Z, Liu JG, Li YX, Zhang XH, Wu JD. MicroRNA-130a alleviates human coronary artery endothelial cell injury and inflammatory responses by targeting PTEN via activating PI3K/Akt/eNOS signaling pathway. Oncotarget 2018; 7:71922-71936. [PMID: 27713121 PMCID: PMC5342133 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Our study aims to investigate the roles of microRNA-130a (miR-130a) in human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs) injury and inflammatory responses by targeting PTEN through the PI3K/Akt/eNOS signaling pathway. HCAECs were treated with 1.0 mmol/L homocysteine (HCY) and assigned into eight groups: the blank group, the negative control (NC) group, the miR-130a mimics group, the miR-130a inhibitors group, the si-PTEN group, the Wortmannin group, the miR-130a inhibitors + si-PTEN group and the miR-130a mimics + Wortmannin group. Luciferase reporter gene assay was used to validate the relationship between miR-130a and PTEN. The expressions of miR-130a, PTEN and PI3K/Akt/eNOS signaling pathway-related proteins were detected by qRT-PCR assay and Western blotting. MTT assay and Hoechst 33258 staining were adopted to testify cell growth and apoptosis. The NO kit assay was used to detect the NO release. ELISA was conducted to measure serum cytokine levels. Luciferase reporter gene assay confirmed the target relationship between miR-130a and PTEN. Compared with the blank and NC groups, the miR-130a mimics and si-PTEN groups showed significant increases in the expressions of PI3K/Akt/eNOS signaling pathway-related proteins, cell viability and the NO release, while serum cytokine levels and cell apoptosis were decreased; by contrast, an opposite trend was observed in miR-130a inhibitors and Wortmannin groups. However, no significant difference was found in the miR-130a inhibitors + si-PTEN and miR-130a mimics + Wortmannin groups when compared with the blank group. These results indicate that miR-130a could alleviate HCAECs injury and inflammatory responses by down-regulating PTEN and activating PI3K/Akt/eNOS signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Li Song
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, Jilin Province, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yong-Feng Shi
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, Jilin Province, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, Jilin Province, China
| | - You-You Yan
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, Jilin Province, China
| | - Ji-Chang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xin Xue
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jin-Peng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, Jilin Province, China
| | - Zhuo Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jian-Gen Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yang-Xue Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xiao-Hao Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jun-Duo Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, Jilin Province, China
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6
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Shoji H, Isomoto H, Yoshida A, Ikeda H, Minami H, Kanda T, Urabe S, Matsushima K, Takeshima F, Nakao K, Inoue H. MicroRNA-130a is highly expressed in the esophageal mucosa of achalasia patients. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:898-904. [PMID: 28810541 PMCID: PMC5526122 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal achalasia is considered as a risk factor of esophageal cancer. The etiologies of esophageal achalasia remain unknown. Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) has recently been established as a minimally invasive method with high curability. The aims of the present study were to identify the microRNAs (miRs) specific to esophageal achalasia, to determine their potential target genes and to assess their alteration following POEM. RNA was extracted from biopsy samples from middle esophageal mucosa and analyzed using a microarray. Differentially expressed miRs in achalasia patients compared with control samples were identified and analyzed using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Correlations between specific miR expression levels and the patients' clinical background were also investigated. In addition, alterations of selected miR expression levels before and after POEM were analyzed. The results of RT-qPCR analysis demonstrated that the miR-130a expression levels were significantly higher in patients with achalasia (P<0.0001). In addition, miR-130a expression was significantly correlated with male sex and smoking history in patients with achalasia. However, no significant change in miR-130a expression was observed between before and after POEM. In conclusion, miR-130a is highly expressed in the esophageal mucosa of patients with achalasia and may be a biomarker of esophageal achalasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Shoji
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Hajime Isomoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan.,Division of Medicine and Clinical Science, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, Tottori University School of Medicine, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504, Japan
| | - Akira Yoshida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan.,Digestive Disease Center, Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital, Yokohama, Kanagawa 224-8503, Japan
| | - Haruo Ikeda
- Digestive Disease Center, Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital, Yokohama, Kanagawa 224-8503, Japan.,Digestive Disease Center, Showa University Koto Toyosu Hospital, Kotoku, Tokyo 135-8577, Japan
| | - Hitomi Minami
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Kanda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Shigetoshi Urabe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Kayoko Matsushima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Fuminao Takeshima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Haruhiro Inoue
- Digestive Disease Center, Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital, Yokohama, Kanagawa 224-8503, Japan.,Digestive Disease Center, Showa University Koto Toyosu Hospital, Kotoku, Tokyo 135-8577, Japan
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7
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Gao F, Wang FG, Liu RR, Xue F, Zhang J, Xu GQ, Bi JH, Meng Z, Huo R. Epigenetic silencing of miR-130a ameliorates hemangioma by targeting tissue factor pathway inhibitor 2 through FAK/PI3K/Rac1/mdm2 signaling. Int J Oncol 2017; 50:1821-1831. [PMID: 28393235 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.3943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemangiomas are the most common vascular tumors that occur frequently in prematures and females. microRNA (miR)-130a is associated with the growth and invasion in many tumors, and its role in hemangiomas has not been addressed so far. The present study revealed that miR‑130a was overexpressed in infantile hemangioma tissues compared with matched tumor-adjacent tissues. The inhibitor of miR-130a restrained cell growth and induced cell apoptosis in vitro. miR‑130a inhibitor also induced a cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase. Further studies revealed that tissue factor pathway inhibitor 2 (TFPI2) was a novel miR-130a target, due to miR-130a bound directly to its 3'-untranslated region and miR-130a inhibitor enhanced the expression of TFPI2. Contrary to the effects of miR-130a inhibitor, TFPI2 siRNA strongly promoted cell growth and colony formation, whereas TFPI2 overexpression contributed to the suppressing effect of miR-130a inhibitor in cell viability. Furthermore, miR-130a inhibitor reduced the activation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK)/phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Rac1/anti-mouse double minute (mdm2) pathway proteins, inhibited the expression and nuclear translocation of mdm2. Moreover, FAK overexpression prevented miR-130a inhibitor-induced cell cycle arrest and decrease of cell viability. In vivo experiments, miR-130a inhibition effectively suppressed the tumor growth, restrained angiogenesis by decreasing the expression of angiogenesis markers and the percentage of CD31+ and CD34+. Taken together, our research indicated that miR-130a functions as an oncogene by targeting TFPI2, miR-130a inhibition reduced the growth and angiogenesis of hemangioma by inactivating the FAK/PI3K/Rac1/mdm2 pathway. Thus, miR-130a may serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of hemangioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Gao
- Department of Aesthetic, Plastic and Burn Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shangdong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Fa-Gang Wang
- Department of Aesthetic, Plastic and Burn Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shangdong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Ren-Rong Liu
- Department of Aesthetic, Plastic and Burn Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shangdong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Feng Xue
- Department of Aesthetic, Plastic and Burn Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shangdong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Aesthetic, Plastic and Burn Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shangdong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Qi Xu
- Department of Aesthetic, Plastic and Burn Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shangdong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Hai Bi
- Department of Aesthetic, Plastic and Burn Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shangdong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Meng
- Department of Aesthetic, Plastic and Burn Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shangdong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Ran Huo
- Department of Aesthetic, Plastic and Burn Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shangdong 250021, P.R. China
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8
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Lynch HT, Kosoko‐Lasaki O, Leslie SW, Rendell M, Shaw T, Snyder C, D'Amico AV, Buxbaum S, Isaacs WB, Loeb S, Moul JW, Powell I. Screening for familial and hereditary prostate cancer. Int J Cancer 2016; 138:2579-91. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Henry T. Lynch
- Hereditary Cancer Center and Department of Preventive MedicineCreighton University2500 California PlazaOmaha NE
| | - Omofolasade Kosoko‐Lasaki
- Departments of Surgery, Preventive Medicine & Public HealthCreighton University2500 California PlazaOmaha NE
| | - Stephen W. Leslie
- Department of Surgery (Urology)Creighton University Medical Center601 North 30th Street, Suite 3700Omaha NE
| | - Marc Rendell
- Department of Internal MedicineCreighton University Medical Center601 North 30th Street, Suite 3700Omaha NE
| | - Trudy Shaw
- Hereditary Cancer Center and Department of Preventive MedicineCreighton University2500 California PlazaOmaha NE
| | - Carrie Snyder
- Hereditary Cancer Center and Department of Preventive MedicineCreighton University2500 California PlazaOmaha NE
| | - Anthony V. D'Amico
- Department of Radiation OncologyBrigham and Women's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston MA
| | - Sarah Buxbaum
- Jackson State University School of Health Sciences350 W. Woodrow Wilson DriveJackson MS
| | - William B. Isaacs
- Departments of Urology and OncologyJohns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Marburg 115, Johns Hopkins Hospital600 N. Wolfe StBaltimore MD
| | - Stacy Loeb
- Department of Urology and Population HealthNew York University550 1st Ave VZ30 (#612)New York NY
| | - Judd W. Moul
- Duke Prostate Center, Division of Urologic Surgery, DUMC 3707‐Room 1562 Duke SouthDuke University Medical CenterDurham NC
| | - Isaac Powell
- Department of UrologyWayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute, University Health Center 7‐CDetroit MI
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9
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Jinga V, Csiki IE, Manolescu A, Iordache P, Mates IN, Radavoi D, Rascu S, Badescu D, Badea P, Mates D. Replication study of 34 common SNPs associated with prostate cancer in the Romanian population. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 20:594-600. [PMID: 26773531 PMCID: PMC5126261 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the third‐most common form of cancer in men in Romania. The Romanian unscreened population represents a good sample to study common genetic risk variants. However, a comprehensive analysis has not been conducted yet. Here, we report our replication efforts in a Romanian population of 979 cases and 1027 controls, for potential association of 34 literature‐reported single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with prostate cancer. We also examined whether any SNP was differentially associated with tumour grade or stage at diagnosis, with disease aggressiveness, and with the levels of PSA (prostate specific antigen). In the allelic analysis, we replicated the previously reported risk for 19 loci on 4q24, 6q25.3, 7p15.2, 8q24.21, 10q11.23, 10q26.13, 11p15.5, 11q13.2, 11q13.3. Statistically significant associations were replicated for other six SNPs only with a particular disease phenotype: low‐grade tumour and low PSA levels (rs1512268), high PSA levels (rs401681 and rs11649743), less aggressive cancers (rs1465618, rs721048, rs17021918). The strongest association of our tested SNP's with PSA in controls was for rs2735839, with 29% increase for each copy of the major allele G, consistent with previous results. Our results suggest that rs4962416, previously associated only with prostate cancer, is also associated with PSA levels, with 12% increase for each copy of the minor allele C. The study enabled the replication of the effect for the majority of previously reported genetic variants in a set of clinically relevant prostate cancers. This is the first replication study on these loci, known to associate with prostate cancer, in a Romanian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viorel Jinga
- "Prof. Dr. Th. Burghele" Clinical Hospital, Urology Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Andrei Manolescu
- School of Science and Engineering, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Paul Iordache
- School of Science and Engineering, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Ioan Nicolae Mates
- "St Mary" Clinical Hospital, General Surgery Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daniel Radavoi
- "Prof. Dr. Th. Burghele" Clinical Hospital, Urology Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", Bucharest, Romania
| | - Stefan Rascu
- "Prof. Dr. Th. Burghele" Clinical Hospital, Urology Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daniel Badescu
- "Prof. Dr. Th. Burghele" Clinical Hospital, Urology Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", Bucharest, Romania
| | - Paula Badea
- National Institute of Public Health, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dana Mates
- National Institute of Public Health, Bucharest, Romania
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10
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Han Y, Hazelett DJ, Wiklund F, Schumacher FR, Stram DO, Berndt SI, Wang Z, Rand KA, Hoover RN, Machiela MJ, Yeager M, Burdette L, Chung CC, Hutchinson A, Yu K, Xu J, Travis RC, Key TJ, Siddiq A, Canzian F, Takahashi A, Kubo M, Stanford JL, Kolb S, Gapstur SM, Diver WR, Stevens VL, Strom SS, Pettaway CA, Al Olama AA, Kote-Jarai Z, Eeles RA, Yeboah ED, Tettey Y, Biritwum RB, Adjei AA, Tay E, Truelove A, Niwa S, Chokkalingam AP, Isaacs WB, Chen C, Lindstrom S, Le Marchand L, Giovannucci EL, Pomerantz M, Long H, Li F, Ma J, Stampfer M, John EM, Ingles SA, Kittles RA, Murphy AB, Blot WJ, Signorello LB, Zheng W, Albanes D, Virtamo J, Weinstein S, Nemesure B, Carpten J, Leske MC, Wu SY, Hennis AJM, Rybicki BA, Neslund-Dudas C, Hsing AW, Chu L, Goodman PJ, Klein EA, Zheng SL, Witte JS, Casey G, Riboli E, Li Q, Freedman ML, Hunter DJ, Gronberg H, Cook MB, Nakagawa H, Kraft P, Chanock SJ, Easton DF, Henderson BE, Coetzee GA, Conti DV, Haiman CA. Integration of multiethnic fine-mapping and genomic annotation to prioritize candidate functional SNPs at prostate cancer susceptibility regions. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:5603-18. [PMID: 26162851 PMCID: PMC4572069 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Interpretation of biological mechanisms underlying genetic risk associations for prostate cancer is complicated by the relatively large number of risk variants (n = 100) and the thousands of surrogate SNPs in linkage disequilibrium. Here, we combined three distinct approaches: multiethnic fine-mapping, putative functional annotation (based upon epigenetic data and genome-encoded features), and expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analyses, in an attempt to reduce this complexity. We examined 67 risk regions using genotyping and imputation-based fine-mapping in populations of European (cases/controls: 8600/6946), African (cases/controls: 5327/5136), Japanese (cases/controls: 2563/4391) and Latino (cases/controls: 1034/1046) ancestry. Markers at 55 regions passed a region-specific significance threshold (P-value cutoff range: 3.9 × 10(-4)-5.6 × 10(-3)) and in 30 regions we identified markers that were more significantly associated with risk than the previously reported variants in the multiethnic sample. Novel secondary signals (P < 5.0 × 10(-6)) were also detected in two regions (rs13062436/3q21 and rs17181170/3p12). Among 666 variants in the 55 regions with P-values within one order of magnitude of the most-associated marker, 193 variants (29%) in 48 regions overlapped with epigenetic or other putative functional marks. In 11 of the 55 regions, cis-eQTLs were detected with nearby genes. For 12 of the 55 regions (22%), the most significant region-specific, prostate-cancer associated variant represented the strongest candidate functional variant based on our annotations; the number of regions increased to 20 (36%) and 27 (49%) when examining the 2 and 3 most significantly associated variants in each region, respectively. These results have prioritized subsets of candidate variants for downstream functional evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Han
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine
| | | | - Fredrik Wiklund
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fredrick R Schumacher
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Daniel O Stram
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Sonja I Berndt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zhaoming Wang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA, Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc., Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Kristin A Rand
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine
| | - Robert N Hoover
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mitchell J Machiela
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Merideth Yeager
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc., Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Laurie Burdette
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA, Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc., Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Charles C Chung
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Amy Hutchinson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA, Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc., Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Kai Yu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Ruth C Travis
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Timothy J Key
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Afshan Siddiq
- Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health
| | - Federico Canzian
- Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Janet L Stanford
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Suzanne Kolb
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Susan M Gapstur
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - W Ryan Diver
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Victoria L Stevens
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Curtis A Pettaway
- Department of Urology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ali Amin Al Olama
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Rosalind A Eeles
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK, Royal Marsden National Health Services (NHS) Foundation Trust, London and Sutton, UK
| | - Edward D Yeboah
- Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | - Yao Tettey
- Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | - Richard B Biritwum
- Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | - Andrew A Adjei
- Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | - Evelyn Tay
- Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | | | | | | | - William B Isaacs
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Constance Chen
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology
| | - Sara Lindstrom
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | | | | | - Henry Long
- Department of Medical Oncology, Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fugen Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jing Ma
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Esther M John
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA, USA, Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Research and Policy, and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sue A Ingles
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Rick A Kittles
- University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Adam B Murphy
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - William J Blot
- International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, MD, USA, Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jarmo Virtamo
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stephanie Weinstein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Barbara Nemesure
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - John Carpten
- The Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - M Cristina Leske
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Suh-Yuh Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Anselm J M Hennis
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA, Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Bridgetown, Barbados
| | - Benjamin A Rybicki
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Ann W Hsing
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA, USA, Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Research and Policy, and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lisa Chu
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA, USA, Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Research and Policy, and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Phyllis J Goodman
- SWOG Statistical Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Eric A Klein
- Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - S Lilly Zheng
- Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - John S Witte
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA and
| | - Graham Casey
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Elio Riboli
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Qiyuan Li
- Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | | | - David J Hunter
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology
| | - Henrik Gronberg
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael B Cook
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hidewaki Nakagawa
- Laboratory for Genome Sequencing Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Peter Kraft
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Brian E Henderson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Gerhard A Coetzee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Urology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David V Conti
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center,
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11
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Kocarnik JM, Park SL, Han J, Dumitrescu L, Cheng I, Wilkens LR, Schumacher FR, Kolonel L, Carlson CS, Crawford DC, Goodloe RJ, Dilks HH, Baker P, Richardson D, Matise TC, Ambite JL, Song F, Qureshi AA, Zhang M, Duggan D, Hutter C, Hindorff L, Bush WS, Kooperberg C, Le Marchand L, Peters U. Pleiotropic and sex-specific effects of cancer GWAS SNPs on melanoma risk in the population architecture using genomics and epidemiology (PAGE) study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120491. [PMID: 25789475 PMCID: PMC4366224 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several regions of the genome show pleiotropic associations with multiple cancers. We sought to evaluate whether 181 single-nucleotide polymorphisms previously associated with various cancers in genome-wide association studies were also associated with melanoma risk. Methods We evaluated 2,131 melanoma cases and 20,353 controls from three studies in the Population Architecture using Genomics and Epidemiology (PAGE) study (EAGLE-BioVU, MEC, WHI) and two collaborating studies (HPFS, NHS). Overall and sex-stratified analyses were performed across studies. Results We observed statistically significant associations with melanoma for two lung cancer SNPs in the TERT-CLPTM1L locus (Bonferroni-corrected p<2.8x10-4), replicating known pleiotropic effects at this locus. In sex-stratified analyses, we also observed a potential male-specific association between prostate cancer risk variant rs12418451 and melanoma risk (OR=1.22, p=8.0x10-4). No other variants in our study were associated with melanoma after multiple comparisons adjustment (p>2.8e-4). Conclusions We provide confirmatory evidence of pleiotropic associations with melanoma for two SNPs previously associated with lung cancer, and provide suggestive evidence for a male-specific association with melanoma for prostate cancer variant rs12418451. This SNP is located near TPCN2, an ion transport gene containing SNPs which have been previously associated with hair pigmentation but not melanoma risk. Previous evidence provides biological plausibility for this association, and suggests a complex interplay between ion transport, pigmentation, and melanoma risk that may vary by sex. If confirmed, these pleiotropic relationships may help elucidate shared molecular pathways between cancers and related phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M. Kocarnik
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - S. Lani Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Jiali Han
- Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Logan Dumitrescu
- Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Iona Cheng
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, California, United States of America
| | - Lynne R. Wilkens
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Fredrick R. Schumacher
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Laurence Kolonel
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Chris S. Carlson
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Dana C. Crawford
- Department of Epidemiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Biostatistics Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Robert J. Goodloe
- Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Holli H. Dilks
- Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Paxton Baker
- Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Danielle Richardson
- Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Tara C. Matise
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - José Luis Ambite
- Information Sciences Institute, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, California, United States of America
| | - Fengju Song
- Department of Epidemiology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Abrar A. Qureshi
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Mingfeng Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - David Duggan
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Carolyn Hutter
- Epidemiology and Genomics Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Lucia Hindorff
- Division of Genomic Medicine, NHGRI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, Untied States of America
| | - William S. Bush
- Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Ulrike Peters
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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12
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Park SL, Caberto CP, Lin Y, Goodloe RJ, Dumitrescu L, Love SA, Matise TC, Hindorff LA, Fowke JH, Schumacher FR, Beebe-Dimmer J, Chen C, Hou L, Thomas F, Deelman E, Han Y, Peters U, North KE, Heiss G, Crawford DC, Haiman CA, Wilkens LR, Bush WS, Kooperberg C, Cheng I, Le Marchand L. Association of cancer susceptibility variants with risk of multiple primary cancers: The population architecture using genomics and epidemiology study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014; 23:2568-78. [PMID: 25139936 PMCID: PMC4221293 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-14-0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple primary cancers account for approximately 16% of all incident cancers in the United States. Although genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified many common genetic variants associated with various cancer sites, no study has examined the association of these genetic variants with risk of multiple primary cancers (MPC). METHODS As part of the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) Population Architecture using Genomics and Epidemiology (PAGE) study, we used data from the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC) and Women's Health Initiative (WHI). Incident MPC (IMPC) cases (n = 1,385) were defined as participants diagnosed with more than one incident cancer after cohort entry. Participants diagnosed with only one incident cancer after cohort entry with follow-up equal to or longer than IMPC cases served as controls (single-index cancer controls; n = 9,626). Fixed-effects meta-analyses of unconditional logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the associations between 188 cancer risk variants and IMPC risk. To account for multiple comparisons, we used the false-positive report probability (FPRP) to determine statistical significance. RESULTS A nicotine dependence-associated and lung cancer variant, CHRNA3 rs578776 [OR, 1.16; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.05-1.26; P = 0.004], and two breast cancer variants, EMBP1 rs11249433 and TOX3 rs3803662 (OR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.04-1.28; P = 0.005 and OR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.03-1.23; P = 0.006), were significantly associated with risk of IMPC. The associations for rs578776 and rs11249433 remained (P < 0.05) after removing subjects who had lung or breast cancers, respectively (P ≤ 0.046). These associations did not show significant heterogeneity by smoking status (Pheterogeneity ≥ 0.53). CONCLUSIONS Our study has identified rs578776 and rs11249433 as risk variants for IMPC. IMPACT These findings may help to identify genetic regions associated with IMPC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lani Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.
| | | | - Yi Lin
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Robert J Goodloe
- Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Logan Dumitrescu
- Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee. Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Shelly-Ann Love
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Tara C Matise
- Department of Statistics and Biostatistics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Lucia A Hindorff
- Division of Genomic Medicine, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jay H Fowke
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Fredrick R Schumacher
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jennifer Beebe-Dimmer
- School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan. Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Chu Chen
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Lifang Hou
- Department of Preventative Medicine, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Fridtjof Thomas
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Ewa Deelman
- USC Information Sciences Institute, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, California
| | - Ying Han
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ulrike Peters
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Kari E North
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, California
| | - Gerardo Heiss
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Dana C Crawford
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Lynne R Wilkens
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - William S Bush
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Iona Cheng
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, California
| | - Loïc Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
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13
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Zecchini V, Madhu B, Russell R, Pértega-Gomes N, Warren A, Gaude E, Borlido J, Stark R, Ireland-Zecchini H, Rao R, Scott H, Boren J, Massie C, Asim M, Brindle K, Griffiths J, Frezza C, Neal DE, Mills IG. Nuclear ARRB1 induces pseudohypoxia and cellular metabolism reprogramming in prostate cancer. EMBO J 2014; 33:1365-82. [PMID: 24837709 PMCID: PMC4194125 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201386874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Revised: 04/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumour cells sustain their high proliferation rate through metabolic reprogramming, whereby cellular metabolism shifts from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis, even under normal oxygen levels. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1A (HIF1A) is a major regulator of this process, but its activation under normoxic conditions, termed pseudohypoxia, is not well documented. Here, using an integrative approach combining the first genome-wide mapping of chromatin binding for an endocytic adaptor, ARRB1, both in vitro and in vivo with gene expression profiling, we demonstrate that nuclear ARRB1 contributes to this metabolic shift in prostate cancer cells via regulation of HIF1A transcriptional activity under normoxic conditions through regulation of succinate dehydrogenase A (SDHA) and fumarate hydratase (FH) expression. ARRB1-induced pseudohypoxia may facilitate adaptation of cancer cells to growth in the harsh conditions that are frequently encountered within solid tumours. Our study is the first example of an endocytic adaptor protein regulating metabolic pathways. It implicates ARRB1 as a potential tumour promoter in prostate cancer and highlights the importance of metabolic alterations in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Zecchini
- Department of CRUK, CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Basetti Madhu
- Department of CRUK, CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Roslin Russell
- Department of CRUK, CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nelma Pértega-Gomes
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Anne Warren
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Edoardo Gaude
- Medical Research Council Cancer Cell Unit, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Joana Borlido
- Department of CRUK, CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rory Stark
- Department of CRUK, CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Roheet Rao
- Department of CRUK, CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Helen Scott
- Department of CRUK, CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Joan Boren
- Department of CRUK, CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Charlie Massie
- Department of CRUK, CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mohammad Asim
- Department of CRUK, CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kevin Brindle
- Department of CRUK, CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - John Griffiths
- Department of CRUK, CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Christian Frezza
- Medical Research Council Cancer Cell Unit, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - David E Neal
- Department of CRUK, CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ian G Mills
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway (NCMM), Nordic EMBL Partnership University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway Department of Cancer Prevention and Urology, Institute of Cancer Research and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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14
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Hazelett DJ, Rhie SK, Gaddis M, Yan C, Lakeland DL, Coetzee SG, Henderson BE, Noushmehr H, Cozen W, Kote-Jarai Z, Eeles RA, Easton DF, Haiman CA, Lu W, Farnham PJ, Coetzee GA. Comprehensive functional annotation of 77 prostate cancer risk loci. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004102. [PMID: 24497837 PMCID: PMC3907334 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have revolutionized the field of cancer genetics, but the causal links between increased genetic risk and onset/progression of disease processes remain to be identified. Here we report the first step in such an endeavor for prostate cancer. We provide a comprehensive annotation of the 77 known risk loci, based upon highly correlated variants in biologically relevant chromatin annotations--we identified 727 such potentially functional SNPs. We also provide a detailed account of possible protein disruption, microRNA target sequence disruption and regulatory response element disruption of all correlated SNPs at r(2) ≥ 0.88%. 88% of the 727 SNPs fall within putative enhancers, and many alter critical residues in the response elements of transcription factors known to be involved in prostate biology. We define as risk enhancers those regions with enhancer chromatin biofeatures in prostate-derived cell lines with prostate-cancer correlated SNPs. To aid the identification of these enhancers, we performed genomewide ChIP-seq for H3K27-acetylation, a mark of actively engaged enhancers, as well as the transcription factor TCF7L2. We analyzed in depth three variants in risk enhancers, two of which show significantly altered androgen sensitivity in LNCaP cells. This includes rs4907792, that is in linkage disequilibrium (r(2) = 0.91) with an eQTL for NUDT11 (on the X chromosome) in prostate tissue, and rs10486567, the index SNP in intron 3 of the JAZF1 gene on chromosome 7. Rs4907792 is within a critical residue of a strong consensus androgen response element that is interrupted in the protective allele, resulting in a 56% decrease in its androgen sensitivity, whereas rs10486567 affects both NKX3-1 and FOXA-AR motifs where the risk allele results in a 39% increase in basal activity and a 28% fold-increase in androgen stimulated enhancer activity. Identification of such enhancer variants and their potential target genes represents a preliminary step in connecting risk to disease process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis J. Hazelett
- Departments of Urology and Preventive Medicine, Norris Cancer Center, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Suhn Kyong Rhie
- Departments of Urology and Preventive Medicine, Norris Cancer Center, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Malaina Gaddis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Chunli Yan
- Departments of Urology and Preventive Medicine, Norris Cancer Center, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Daniel L. Lakeland
- Sonny Astani Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Simon G. Coetzee
- Department of Genetics, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Ellipse/GAME-ON consortium
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Norris Cancer Center, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | | | - Brian E. Henderson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Norris Cancer Center, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Houtan Noushmehr
- Department of Genetics, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Wendy Cozen
- USC Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | | | - Rosalind A. Eeles
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
- Royal Marsden National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London and Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Douglas F. Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher A. Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Norris Cancer Center, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Wange Lu
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Peggy J. Farnham
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Gerhard A. Coetzee
- Departments of Urology and Preventive Medicine, Norris Cancer Center, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
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Ren S, Xu J, Zhou T, Jiang H, Chen H, Liu F, Na R, Zhang L, Wu Y, Sun J, Yang B, Gao X, Zheng SL, Xu C, Ding Q, Sun Y. Plateau effect of prostate cancer risk-associated SNPs in discriminating prostate biopsy outcomes. Prostate 2013; 73:1824-35. [PMID: 24037738 PMCID: PMC3910089 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Additional prostate cancer (PCa) risk-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) continue to be identified. It is unclear whether addition of newly identified SNPs improves the discriminative performance of biopsy outcomes over previously established SNPs. METHODS A total of 667 consecutive patients that underwent prostate biopsy for detection of PCa at Huashan Hospital and Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China were recruited. Genetic scores were calculated for each patient using various combinations of 29 PCa risk-associated SNPs. Performance of these genetic scores for discriminating prostate biopsy outcomes were compared using the area under a receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). RESULTS The discriminative performance of genetic score derived from a panel of all 29 SNPs (24 previous and 5 new) was similar to that derived from the 24 previously established SNPs, the AUC of which were 0.60 and 0.61, respectively (P = 0.72). When SNPs with the strongest effect on PCa risk (ranked based on contribution to the total genetic variance from an external study) were sequentially added to the models for calculating genetic score, the AUC gradually increased and peaked at 0.62 with the top 13 strongest SNPs. Under the 13-SNP model, the PCa detection rate was 21.52%, 36.74%, and 51.98%, respectively for men with low (<0.5), intermediate (0.5-1.5), and high (>1.5) genetic score, P-trend = 9.91 × 10(-6). CONCLUSION Genetic score based on PCa risk-associated SNPs implicated to date is a significant predictor of biopsy outcome. Additional small-effect PCa risk-associated SNPs to be discovered in the future are unlikely to further improve predictive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shancheng Ren
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Center for Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Tie Zhou
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haowen Jiang
- Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haitao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Center for Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Center for Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Na
- Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Limin Zhang
- Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yishuo Wu
- Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jielin Sun
- Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Gao
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - S. Lilly Zheng
- Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Chuanliang Xu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Ding
- Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Correspondence to: Qiang Ding, Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yinghao Sun
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Correspondence to: Yinghao Sun, Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
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16
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Na R, Liu F, Zhang P, Ye D, Xu C, Shao Q, Qi J, Wang X, Chen Z, Wang M, He D, Wang Z, Zhou F, Yuan J, Gao X, Wei Q, Yang J, Jiao Y, Ou-Yang J, Zhu Y, Wu Q, Chen H, Lu D, Shi R, Lin X, Jiang H, Wang Z, Jiang D, Sun J, Zheng SL, Ding Q, Mo Z, Sun Y, Xu J. Evaluation of reported prostate cancer risk-associated SNPs from genome-wide association studies of various racial populations in Chinese men. Prostate 2013; 73:1623-35. [PMID: 24038036 PMCID: PMC3928594 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of prostate cancer (PCa) have identified many single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are significantly associated with PCa risk in various racial groups. The objective of this study is to evaluate which of these SNPs are associated with PCa risk in Chinese men and estimate their strength of association. METHODS All SNPs that were reported to be associated with PCa risk in GWAS from populations of European, African American, Japanese, and Chinese descent were evaluated in 1,922 PCa cases and 2,175 controls selected from the Chinese Consortium for Prostate Cancer Genetics (ChinaPCa). A logistic regression analysis was used to estimate allelic odds ratios (ORs) of these SNPs for PCa. RESULTS Among the 53 SNPs, 50 were polymorphic in the Chinese population. Of which, 10 and 24 SNPs were significantly associated with PCa risk in Chinese men at P < 0.001 and <0.05, respectively. These 24 significant SNPs included 17, 5, and 2 SNPs that were originally discovered in European, Japanese, and Chinese descent, respectively. The estimated ORs ranged from 1.10 to 1.49 and the direction of association was consistent with previous studies. When ORs were estimated separately for PCa with Gleason score ≤7 and ≥8, a marginally significant difference in ORs was found only for two of the 24 SNPs (P = 0.02 and 0.04). CONCLUSION About half of PCa risk-associated SNPs identified in GWAS of various populations are associated with PCa risk in Chinese men. Information on PCa risk-associated SNPs and their ORs may facilitate risk assessment of PCa risk in Chinese men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Na
- Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan
University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Fang Liu
- Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan
University, Shanghai, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life
Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Sciences,
Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Penyin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life
Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Sciences,
Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Dingwei Ye
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer
Center, Shanghai, PR China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan
University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Chuanliang Xu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second
Military Medical University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Qiang Shao
- Department of Urology, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou,
PR China
| | - Jun Qi
- Department of Urology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine,
Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan
University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Zhiwen Chen
- Urology Institute of PLA, Southwest Hospital, Third
Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Meilin Wang
- Department of Molecular and Genetic Toxicology, The Key
Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health,
Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing
Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Dalin He
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of
Medical College of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, PR China
| | - Zhong Wang
- Department of Urology, Ninth People’s Hospital,
School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Fangjian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China,
Guangzhou, PR China
- Department of Urology, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen
University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jianlin Yuan
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth
Military Medical University, Xi’an, PR China
| | - Xin Gao
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun
Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan
University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical
University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yang Jiao
- Department of Urology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine,
Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jun Ou-Yang
- Department of Urology, First People’s Hospital,
Suzhou University, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Yao Zhu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer
Center, Shanghai, PR China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan
University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Qijun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes,
Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of
Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Hongyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life
Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Sciences,
Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Daru Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life
Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Sciences,
Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Rong Shi
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiaotong University,
Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xiaoling Lin
- Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan
University, Shanghai, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life
Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Sciences,
Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Haowen Jiang
- Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan
University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Zhong Wang
- Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of
Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Deke Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life
Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Sciences,
Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jielin Sun
- Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of
Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - S. Lilly Zheng
- Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of
Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Qing Ding
- Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan
University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Zengnan Mo
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi
Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China
- Department of Urology and Nephrology, The First
Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Yinghao Sun
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second
Military Medical University, Shanghai, PR China
- Correspondence to: Yinghao Sun, Department of
Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 168
Changhai Road, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan
University, Shanghai, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life
Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Sciences,
Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
- Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of
Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
- Correspondence to: Jianfeng Xu, Fudan Institute
of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Mid-Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai,
PR China.
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Nordström T, Aly M, Eklund M, Egevad L, Grönberg H. A genetic score can identify men at high risk for prostate cancer among men with prostate-specific antigen of 1-3 ng/ml. Eur Urol 2013; 65:1184-90. [PMID: 23891454 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2013.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diagnostic performance of a genetic score based on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) is unknown in the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) range of 1-3 ng/ml. A substantial proportion of men in this PSA span have prostate cancer (PCa), but biomarkers to determine who should undergo a prostate biopsy are lacking. OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether a genetic risk score identifies men in the PSA range of 1-3 ng/ml who are at higher risk for PCa. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Men aged 50-69 yr with PSA 1-3 ng/ml and without a previous prostate biopsy were selected from the STHLM2 cohort. Of 2696 men, 49 SNPs were genotyped, and a polygenic risk score was calculated. Of these men, 860 were invited according to risk score, and 172 underwent biopsy. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS The risk of PCa was assessed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS PCa was diagnosed in 47 of 172 participants (27%), with Gleason sum 6 in 36 of 47 men (77%) and Gleason sum ≥7 in 10 of 47 men (21%); one man had intraductal cancer. The genetic score was a significant predictor of a positive biopsy (p=0.028), even after adjusting for PSA, ratio of free to total PSA, prostate volume, age, and family history. There was an increase in the odds ratio of 1.60 (95% confidence interval, 1.05-2.45) with increasing genetic risk score. The absolute risk difference of positive biopsy was 19 percentage points, comparing the high and low genetic risk group (37% vs 18%). CONCLUSIONS A risk score based on SNPs predicts biopsy outcome in previously unbiopsied men with PSA 1-3 ng/ml. Introducing a genetic-based risk stratification tool can increase the proportion of men being classified in line with their true risk of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Nordström
- Department of Clinical Sciences at Danderyds Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Markus Aly
- Department of Clinical Sciences at Danderyds Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Martin Eklund
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Egevad
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henrik Grönberg
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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18
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Nurminen R, Lehtonen R, Auvinen A, Tammela TLJ, Wahlfors T, Schleutker J. Fine mapping of 11q13.5 identifies regions associated with prostate cancer and prostate cancer death. Eur J Cancer 2013; 49:3335-43. [PMID: 23830236 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2013.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chromosomal region 11q13-14 associates with prostate cancer (PrCa). Previously, we identified a rare intronic mutation on EMSY (11q13.5) that increases the risk of aggressive PrCa and associates with familial PrCa. Here, we further study the genetic structure and variants of the PrCa susceptibility region 11q13.5. METHODS This study included 2716 unselected hospital-based PrCa cases, 1318 cases of a screening trial and 908 controls of Finnish origin. We imputed single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and structural variants from the 1000 Genomes Project and validated the associations of the variants in two PrCa patient sets by genotyping. Genetic structure was studied with haplotype analysis. RESULTS Two independent regions at 11q13.5 were associated with PrCa risk. The most significant association was at EMSY (rs10899221, odds ratio (OR) 1.29-1.40, P=3.5 × 10(-4)-0.002) near the previously identified mutation. Correlated intronic SNPs rs10899221 and rs72944758 formed with other EMSY variants common and rare haplotypes that were associated with increased risk (P=4.0 × 10(-4)) and decreased risk (P=0.01) of PrCa, respectively. The other associated region was intergenic. Among the six validated variants, rs12277366 was significant in both patient sets (OR 1.15-1.17, P=0.01). Haplotypes associated with an increased risk (P=0.02) and a decreased risk (P=0.02) were identified. In addition, the intergenic region was strongly associated with PrCa death, with the most significant association at rs12277366 (OR=0.72, P=4.8 × 10(-5)). CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that 11q13.5 contributes to PrCa predisposition with complex genetic structure and is associated with PrCa death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riikka Nurminen
- Institute of Biomedical Technology/BioMediTech and Prostate Cancer Research Center, University of Tampere and Fimlab Laboratories, Biokatu 8, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland
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Xu J, Sun J, Zheng SL. Prostate cancer risk-associated genetic markers and their potential clinical utility. Asian J Androl 2013; 15:314-22. [PMID: 23564047 PMCID: PMC3739659 DOI: 10.1038/aja.2013.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 03/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common cancers among men in Western developed countries and its incidence has increased considerably in many other parts of the world, including China. The etiology of PCa is largely unknown but is thought to be multifactorial, where inherited genetics plays an important role. In this article, we first briefly review results from studies of familial aggregation and genetic susceptibility to PCa. We then recap key findings of rare and high-penetrance PCa susceptibility genes from linkage studies in PCa families. We devote a significant portion of this article to summarizing discoveries of common and low-penetrance PCa risk-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from genetic association studies in PCa cases and controls, especially those from genome-wide association studies (GWASs). A strong focus of this article is to review the literature on the potential clinical utility of these implicated genetic markers. Most of these published studies described PCa risk estimation using a genetic score derived from multiple risk-associated SNPs and its utility in determining the need for prostate biopsy. Finally, we comment on the newly proposed concept of genetic score; the notion is to treat it as a marker for genetic predisposition, similar to family history, rather than a diagnostic marker to discriminate PCa patients from non-cancer patients. Available evidence to date suggests that genetic score is an objective and better measurement of inherited risk of PCa than family history. Another unique feature of this article is the inclusion of genetic association studies of PCa in Chinese and Japanese populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Xu
- Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan UniversityFudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
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20
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Machiela MJ, Chen C, Liang L, Diver WR, Stevens VL, Tsilidis KK, Haiman CA, Chanock SJ, Hunter DJ, Kraft P. One thousand genomes imputation in the National Cancer Institute Breast and Prostate Cancer Cohort Consortium aggressive prostate cancer genome-wide association study. Prostate 2013; 73:677-89. [PMID: 23255287 PMCID: PMC3962143 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genotype imputation substantially increases available markers for analysis in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) by leveraging linkage disequilibrium from a reference panel. We sought to (i) investigate the performance of imputation from the August 2010 release of the 1000 Genomes Project (1000GP) in an existing GWAS of prostate cancer, (ii) look for novel associations with prostate cancer risk, (iii) fine-map known prostate cancer susceptibility regions using an approximate Bayesian framework and stepwise regression, and (iv) compare power and efficiency of imputation and de novo sequencing. METHODS We used 2,782 aggressive prostate cancer cases and 4,458 controls from the NCI Breast and Prostate Cancer Cohort Consortium aggressive prostate cancer GWAS to infer 5.8 million well-imputed autosomal single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). RESULTS Imputation quality, as measured by correlation between imputed and true allele counts, was higher among common variants than rare variants. We found no novel prostate cancer associations among a subset of 1.2 million well-imputed low-frequency variants. At a genome-wide sequencing cost of $2,500, imputation from SNP arrays is a more powerful strategy than sequencing for detecting disease associations of SNPs with minor allele frequencies (MAF) above 1%. CONCLUSIONS 1000GP imputation provided dense coverage of previously identified prostate cancer susceptibility regions, highlighting its potential as an inexpensive first-pass approach to fine mapping in regions such as 5p15 and 8q24. Our study shows 1000GP imputation can accurately identify low-frequency variants and stresses the importance of large sample size when studying these variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell J. Machiela
- Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Constance Chen
- Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Liming Liang
- Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - W. Ryan Diver
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Konstantinos K. Tsilidis
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher A. Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Stephen J. Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - David J. Hunter
- Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Peter Kraft
- Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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21
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Willard SS, Koochekpour S. Regulators of gene expression as biomarkers for prostate cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2012; 2:620-657. [PMID: 23226612 PMCID: PMC3512182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent technological advancements in gene expression analysis have led to the discovery of a promising new group of prostate cancer (PCa) biomarkers that have the potential to influence diagnosis and the prediction of disease severity. The accumulation of deleterious changes in gene expression is a fundamental mechanism of prostate carcinogenesis. Aberrant gene expression can arise from changes in epigenetic regulation or mutation in the genome affecting either key regulatory elements or gene sequences themselves. At the epigenetic level, a myriad of abnormal histone modifications and changes in DNA methylation are found in PCa patients. In addition, many mutations in the genome have been associated with higher PCa risk. Finally, over- or underexpression of key genes involved in cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, cell adhesion and regulation of transcription has been observed. An interesting group of biomarkers are emerging from these studies which may prove more predictive than the standard prostate specific antigen (PSA) serum test. In this review, we discuss recent results in the field of gene expression analysis in PCa including the most promising biomarkers in the areas of epigenetics, genomics and the transcriptome, some of which are currently under investigation as clinical tests for early detection and better prognostic prediction of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey S Willard
- Departments of Cancer Genetics and Urology, Center for Genetics and Pharmacology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, USA
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22
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Cheng I, Chen GK, Nakagawa H, He J, Wan P, Laurie CC, Shen J, Sheng X, Pooler LC, Crenshaw AT, Mirel DB, Takahashi A, Kubo M, Nakamura Y, Al Olama AA, Benlloch S, Donovan JL, Guy M, Hamdy FC, Kote-Jarai Z, Neal DE, Wilkens LR, Monroe KR, Stram DO, Muir K, Eeles RA, Easton DF, Kolonel LN, Henderson BE, Le Marchand L, Haiman CA. Evaluating genetic risk for prostate cancer among Japanese and Latinos. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2012; 21:2048-58. [PMID: 22923026 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-12-0598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There have been few genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of prostate cancer among diverse populations. To search for novel prostate cancer risk variants, we conducted GWAS of prostate cancer in Japanese and Latinos. In addition, we tested prostate cancer risk variants and developed genetic risk models of prostate cancer for Japanese and Latinos. METHODS Our first-stage GWAS of prostate cancer included Japanese (cases/controls = 1,033/1,042) and Latino (cases/controls = 1,043/1,057) from the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC). Significant associations from stage I (P < 1.0 × 10(-4)) were examined in silico in GWAS of prostate cancer (stage II) in Japanese (cases/controls = 1,583/3,386) and Europeans (cases/controls = 1,854/1,894). RESULTS No novel stage I single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) outside of known risk regions reached genome-wide significance. For Japanese, in stage I, the most notable putative novel association was seen with 10 SNPs (P ≤ 8.0 × 10(-6)) at chromosome 2q33; however, this was not replicated in stage II. For Latinos, the most significant association was observed with rs17023900 at the known 3p12 risk locus (stage I: OR = 1.45; P = 7.01 × 10(-5) and stage II: OR = 1.58; P = 3.05 × 10(-7)). The majority of the established risk variants for prostate cancer, 79% and 88%, were positively associated with prostate cancer in Japanese and Latinos (stage I), respectively. The cumulative effects of these variants significantly influence prostate cancer risk (OR per allele = 1.10; P = 2.71 × 10(-25) and OR = 1.07; P = 1.02 × 10(-16) for Japanese and Latinos, respectively). CONCLUSION AND IMPACT Our GWAS of prostate cancer did not identify novel genome-wide significant variants. However, our findings show that established risk variants for prostate cancer significantly contribute to risk among Japanese and Latinos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iona Cheng
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 1236 Lauhala Street, Suite 407, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA.
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23
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Tsilidis KK, Travis RC, Appleby PN, Allen NE, Lindstrom S, Schumacher FR, Cox D, Hsing AW, Ma J, Severi G, Albanes D, Virtamo J, Boeing H, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Johansson M, Quirós JR, Riboli E, Siddiq A, Tjønneland A, Trichopoulos D, Tumino R, Gaziano JM, Giovannucci E, Hunter DJ, Kraft P, Stampfer MJ, Giles GG, Andriole GL, Berndt SI, Chanock SJ, Hayes RB, Key TJ. Interactions between genome-wide significant genetic variants and circulating concentrations of insulin-like growth factor 1, sex hormones, and binding proteins in relation to prostate cancer risk in the National Cancer Institute Breast and Prostate Cancer Cohort Consortium. Am J Epidemiol 2012; 175:926-35. [PMID: 22459122 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwr423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified many single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with prostate cancer risk. There is limited information on the mechanistic basis of these associations, particularly about whether they interact with circulating concentrations of growth factors and sex hormones, which may be important in prostate cancer etiology. Using conditional logistic regression, the authors compared per-allele odds ratios for prostate cancer for 39 GWAS-identified SNPs across thirds (tertile groups) of circulating concentrations of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3), testosterone, androstenedione, androstanediol glucuronide, estradiol, and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) for 3,043 cases and 3,478 controls in the Breast and Prostate Cancer Cohort Consortium. After allowing for multiple testing, none of the SNPs examined were significantly associated with growth factor or hormone concentrations, and the SNP-prostate cancer associations did not differ by these concentrations, although 4 interactions were marginally significant (MSMB-rs10993994 with androstenedione (uncorrected P = 0.008); CTBP2-rs4962416 with IGFBP-3 (uncorrected P = 0.003); 11q13.2-rs12418451 with IGF-1 (uncorrected P = 0.006); and 11q13.2-rs10896449 with SHBG (uncorrected P = 0.005)). The authors found no strong evidence that associations between GWAS-identified SNPs and prostate cancer are modified by circulating concentrations of IGF-1, sex hormones, or their major binding proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos K Tsilidis
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.
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24
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Chung CC, Boland J, Yeager M, Jacobs KB, Zhang X, Deng Z, Matthews C, Berndt SI, Chanock SJ. Comprehensive resequence analysis of a 123-kb region of chromosome 11q13 associated with prostate cancer. Prostate 2012; 72:476-86. [PMID: 22468268 PMCID: PMC3325513 DOI: 10.1002/pros.21450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide association studies of prostate cancer have identified single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers in a region of chromosome 11q13.3 in men of European decent. A fine-mapping analysis with tag SNPs in the cancer genetic markers of susceptibility study identified three independent loci, marked by rs10896438, rs12793759, and rs10896449. This study further annotates common and uncommon variation across this region. METHODS A next generation resequence analysis of a 122.9-kb region of 11q13.3(68,642,755-68,765,690) was conducted in 78 unrelated individuals of European background,1 CEPH trio, and 1 YRI trio. RESULTS In total, 644 polymorphic loci were identified by our sequence analysis. Of these,166 variants—118 SNPs and 48 insertion-deletion polymorphisms (indels)—were novel,namely not present in the 1000 Genomes or International HapMap Projects. We identified 22,25, 6, and 4 variants strongly correlated (r2 ≥ 0.8) with rs10896438, rs10896449, rs12793759,and rs11228565, respectively. HapMap SNPs were in linkage disequilibrium (r2 ≥ 0.8) with 48%, 69%, 14%, and 60% of SNPs marking bins by rs10896438, rs10896449, rs12793759, and rs11228565, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our next generation resequence analysis compliments publicly available datasets of European descent (HapMap, build 28 and 1000 Genome, Pilot 1, October 2010),underscoring the value of targeted resequence analysis prior to initiating functional studies based on public databases alone. Increasing the number of common variants enables investigators to better prioritize variants for functional studies designed to uncover the biological basis of the direct association(s) in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles C Chung
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Department of Health and Human Services, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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25
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Chen SH, Ip EH, Xu J, Sun J, Hsu FC. Using graded response model for the prediction of prostate cancer risk. Hum Genet 2012; 131:1327-36. [PMID: 22461065 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-012-1160-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Accepted: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Disease risk-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have the potential to be used for disease risk prediction. An important feature of these risk-associated SNPs is their weak individual effect but stronger cumulative effect on disease risk. To date, a stable summary estimate of the joint effect of genetic variants on disease risk prediction is not available. In this study, we propose to use the graded response model (GRM), which is based on the item response theory, for estimating the individual risk that is associated with a set of SNPs. We compare the GRM with a recently proposed risk prediction model called cumulative relative risk (CRR). Thirty-three prostate cancer risk-associated SNPs were originally discovered in GWAS by December 2009. These SNPs were used to evaluate the performance of GRM and CRR for predicting prostate cancer risk in three GWAS populations, including populations from Sweden, Johns Hopkins Hospital, and the National Cancer Institute Cancer Genetic Markers of Susceptibility study. Computational results show that the risk prediction estimates of GRM, compared to CRR, are less biased and more stable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyh-Huei Chen
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Wells Fargo Center 23rd floor, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
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26
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Tao S, Feng J, Webster T, Jin G, Hsu FC, Chen SH, Kim ST, Wang Z, Zhang Z, Zheng SL, Isaacs WB, Xu J, Sun J. Genome-wide two-locus epistasis scans in prostate cancer using two European populations. Hum Genet 2012; 131:1225-34. [PMID: 22367438 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-012-1148-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2011] [Accepted: 02/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 40 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are associated with prostate cancer (PCa) risk have been identified through genome-wide association studies (GWAS). However, these GWAS-identified PCa risk-associated SNPs can explain only a small proportion of heritability (~13%) of PCa risk. Gene-gene interaction is speculated to be one of the major factors contributing to the so-called missing heritability. To evaluate the gene-gene interaction and PCa risk, we performed a two-stage genome-wide gene-gene interaction scan using a novel statistical approach named "Boolean Operation-based Screening and Testing". In the first stage, we exhaustively evaluated all pairs of SNP-SNP interactions for ~500,000 SNPs in 1,176 PCa cases and 1,101 control subjects from the National Cancer Institute Cancer Genetic Markers of Susceptibility (CGEMS) study. No SNP-SNP interaction reached a genome-wide significant level of 4.4E-13. The second stage of the study involved evaluation of the top 1,325 pairs of SNP-SNP interactions (P(interaction) <1.0E-08) implicated in CGEMS in another GWAS population of 1,964 PCa cases from the Johns Hopkins Hospital (JHH) and 3,172 control subjects from the Illumina iControl database. Sixteen pairs of SNP-SNP interactions were significant in the JHH population at a P(interaction) cutoff of 0.01. However, none of the 16 pairs of SNP-SNP interactions were significant after adjusting for multiple tests. The current study represents one of the first attempts to explore the high-dimensional etiology of PCa on a genome-wide scale. Our results suggested a list of SNP-SNP interactions that can be followed in other replication studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Tao
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Prevention, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
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27
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Tao S, Wang Z, Feng J, Hsu FC, Jin G, Kim ST, Zhang Z, Gronberg H, Zheng LS, Isaacs WB, Xu J, Sun J. A genome-wide search for loci interacting with known prostate cancer risk-associated genetic variants. Carcinogenesis 2012; 33:598-603. [PMID: 22219177 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgr316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified ∼30 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) consistently associated with prostate cancer (PCa) risk. To test the hypothesis that other sequence variants in the genome may interact with those 32 known PCa risk-associated SNPs identified from GWAS to affect PCa risk, we performed a systematic evaluation among three existing PCa GWAS populations: CAncer of the Prostate in Sweden population, a Johns Hopkins Hospital population, and the Cancer Genetic Markers of Susceptibility population, with a total sample size of 4723 PCa cases and 4792 control subjects. Meta-analysis of the interaction term between each of those 32 SNPs and SNPs in the genome was performed in three PCa GWAS populations. The most significant interaction detected was between rs12418451 in MYEOV and rs784411 in CEP152, with a P(interaction) of 1.15 × 10(-7) in the meta-analysis. In addition, we emphasized two pairs of interactions with potential biological implication, including an interaction between rs7127900 near insulin-like growth factor-2 (IGF2)/IGF2AS and rs12628051 in TNRC6B, with a P(interaction) of 3.39 × 10(-6) and an interaction between rs7679763 near TET2 and rs290258 in SYK, with a P(interaction) of 1.49 × 10(-6). Those results show statistical evidence for novel loci interacting with known risk-associated SNPs to modify PCa risk. The interacting loci identified provide hints on the underlying molecular mechanism of the associations with PCa risk for the known risk-associated SNPs. Additional studies are warranted to further confirm the interaction effects detected in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Tao
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Prevention, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
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28
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Schumacher FR, Berndt SI, Siddiq A, Jacobs KB, Wang Z, Lindstrom S, Stevens VL, Chen C, Mondul AM, Travis RC, Stram DO, Eeles RA, Easton DF, Giles G, Hopper JL, Neal DE, Hamdy FC, Donovan JL, Muir K, Al Olama AA, Kote-Jarai Z, Guy M, Severi G, Grönberg H, Isaacs WB, Karlsson R, Wiklund F, Xu J, Allen NE, Andriole GL, Barricarte A, Boeing H, Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita H, Crawford ED, Diver WR, Gonzalez CA, Gaziano JM, Giovannucci EL, Johansson M, Le Marchand L, Ma J, Sieri S, Stattin P, Stampfer MJ, Tjonneland A, Vineis P, Virtamo J, Vogel U, Weinstein SJ, Yeager M, Thun MJ, Kolonel LN, Henderson BE, Albanes D, Hayes RB, Spencer Feigelson H, Riboli E, Hunter DJ, Chanock SJ, Haiman CA, Kraft P. Genome-wide association study identifies new prostate cancer susceptibility loci. Hum Mol Genet 2011; 20:3867-75. [PMID: 21743057 PMCID: PMC3168287 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddr295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2011] [Revised: 06/18/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PrCa) is the most common non-skin cancer diagnosed among males in developed countries and the second leading cause of cancer mortality, yet little is known regarding its etiology and factors that influence clinical outcome. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of PrCa have identified at least 30 distinct loci associated with small differences in risk. We conducted a GWAS in 2782 advanced PrCa cases (Gleason grade ≥ 8 or tumor stage C/D) and 4458 controls with 571 243 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Based on in silico replication of 4679 SNPs (Stage 1, P < 0.02) in two published GWAS with 7358 PrCa cases and 6732 controls, we identified a new susceptibility locus associated with overall PrCa risk at 2q37.3 (rs2292884, P= 4.3 × 10(-8)). We also confirmed a locus suggested by an earlier GWAS at 12q13 (rs902774, P= 8.6 × 10(-9)). The estimated per-allele odds ratios for these loci (1.14 for rs2292884 and 1.17 for rs902774) did not differ between advanced and non-advanced PrCa (case-only test for heterogeneity P= 0.72 and P= 0.61, respectively). Further studies will be needed to assess whether these or other loci are differentially associated with PrCa subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrick R. Schumacher
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sonja I. Berndt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Kevin B. Jacobs
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Core Genotyping Facility, SAIC-Frederick Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA
- Bioinformed Consulting Services, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Zhaoming Wang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Core Genotyping Facility, SAIC-Frederick Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Sara Lindstrom
- Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology
- Department of Epidemiology and
| | | | - Constance Chen
- Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology
- Department of Epidemiology and
| | - Alison M. Mondul
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ruth C. Travis
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine and
| | - Daniel O. Stram
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Douglas F. Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology
- Department of Public Health
- Department of Primary Care and
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Graham Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Victoria, Australia
| | - John L. Hopper
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic (MEGA) Epidemiology, Melbourne School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David E. Neal
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Freddie C. Hamdy
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jenny L. Donovan
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Kenneth Muir
- Health Sciences Research Institute, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Ali Amin Al Olama
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology
- Department of Public Health
- Department of Primary Care and
| | | | - Michelle Guy
- Oncogenetics Team, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
| | - Gianluca Severi
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Victoria, Australia
| | - Henrik Grönberg
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - William B. Isaacs
- The Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert Karlsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Wiklund
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- Centers for Cancer Genomics and Center for Human Genomics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Naomi E. Allen
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine and
| | - Gerald L. Andriole
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Heiner Boeing
- Department of Epidemiology, Deutsches Institut für Ernährungsforschung, Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Germany
| | | | | | - W. Ryan Diver
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Carlos A. Gonzalez
- Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-IDIBELL-RETICC RD06/0020), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J. Michael Gaziano
- Division of Aging and
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center/VA Cooperative Studies Programs, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward L. Giovannucci
- Department of Epidemiology and
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston 02115, MA, USA
| | - Mattias Johansson
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- Cancer Research Center of Hawaii, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Laboratory, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sabina Sieri
- Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Pär Stattin
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Meir J. Stampfer
- Department of Epidemiology and
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston 02115, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Laboratory, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anne Tjonneland
- Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paolo Vineis
- MRC-HPA Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jarmo Virtamo
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ulla Vogel
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Soborg, Denmark
| | - Stephanie J. Weinstein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Meredith Yeager
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael J. Thun
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Brian E. Henderson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Richard B. Hayes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, NYU Cancer Institute, New York, NY, USA and
| | | | - Elio Riboli
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and
| | - David J. Hunter
- Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology
- Department of Epidemiology and
| | - Stephen J. Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christopher A. Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Peter Kraft
- Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology
- Department of Epidemiology and
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29
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Liu F, Hsing AW, Wang X, Shao Q, Qi J, Ye Y, Wang Z, Chen H, Gao X, Wang G, Chu LW, Ding Q, OuYang J, Gao X, Huang Y, Chen Y, Gao YT, Zhang ZF, Rao J, Shi R, Wu Q, Wang M, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Jiang H, Zheng J, Hu Y, Guo L, Lin X, Tao S, Jin G, Sun J, Lu D, Zheng SL, Sun Y, Mo Z, Xu J. Systematic confirmation study of reported prostate cancer risk-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms in Chinese men. Cancer Sci 2011; 102:1916-20. [PMID: 21756274 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2011.02036.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 30 prostate cancer (PCa) risk-associated loci have been identified in populations of European descent by genome-wide association studies. We hypothesized that a subset of these loci might be associated with PCa risk in Chinese men. To test this hypothesis, 33 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), one each from the 33 independent PCa risk-associated loci reported in populations of European descent, were investigated for their associations with PCa risk in a case-control study of Chinese men (1108 cases and 1525 controls). We found that 11 of the 33 SNP were significantly associated with PCa risk in Chinese men (P < 0.05). The reported risk alleles were associated with increased risk for PCa, with allelic odds ratios ranging from 1.12 to 1.44. The most significant locus was located on 8q24 region 2 (rs16901979, P = 5.14 × 10(-9)) with a genome-wide significance (P < (-8) ), and three loci reached the Bonferroni correction significance level (P < 1.52 × 10(-3)), including 8q24 region 1 (rs1447295, P = 7.04 × 10(-6)), 8q24 region 5 (rs10086908, P = 9.24 × 10(-4)) and 8p21 (rs1512268, P = 9.39 × 10(-4)). Our results suggest that a subset of the PCa risk-associated SNP discovered by genome-wide association studies among men of European descent is also associated with PCa risk in Chinese men. This finding provides evidence of ethnic differences and similarity in genetic susceptibility to PCa. Genome-wide association studies in Chinese men are needed to identify Chinese-specific PCa risk-associated SNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- Fudan-VARI Center for Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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30
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Barnholtz-Sloan JS, Raska P, Rebbeck TR, Millikan RC. Replication of GWAS "Hits" by Race for Breast and Prostate Cancers in European Americans and African Americans. Front Genet 2011; 2:37. [PMID: 22303333 PMCID: PMC3268591 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2011.00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2011] [Accepted: 06/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we assessed association of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) “hits” by race with adjustment for potential population stratification (PS) in two large, diverse study populations; the Carolina Breast Cancer Study (CBCS; N total = 3693 individuals) and the University of Pennsylvania Study of Clinical Outcomes, Risk, and Ethnicity (SCORE; N total = 1135 individuals). In both study populations, 136 ancestry information markers and GWAS “hits” (CBCS: FGFR2, 8q24; SCORE: JAZF1, MSMB, 8q24) were genotyped. Principal component analysis was used to assess ancestral differences by race. Multivariable unconditional logistic regression was used to assess differences in cancer risk with and without adjustment for the first ancestral principal component (PC1) and for an interaction effect between PC1 and the GWAS “hit” (SNP) of interest. PC1 explained 53.7% of the variance for CBCS and 49.5% of the variance for SCORE. European Americans and African Americans were similar in their ancestral structure between CBCS and SCORE and cases and controls were well matched by ancestry. In the CBCS European Americans, 9/11 SNPs were significant after PC1 adjustment, but after adjustment for the PC1 by SNP interaction effect, only one SNP remained significant (rs1219648 in FGFR2); for CBCS African Americans, 6/11 SNPs were significant after PC1 adjustment and after adjustment for the PC1 by SNP interaction effect, all six SNPs remained significant and an additional SNP now became significant. In the SCORE European Americans, 0/9 SNPs were significant after PC1 adjustment and no changes were seen after additional adjustment for the PC1 by SNP interaction effect; for SCORE African Americans, 2/9 SNPs were significant after PC1 adjustment and after adjustment for the PC1 by SNP interaction effect, only one SNP remained significant (rs16901979 at 8q24). We show that genetic associations by race are modified by interaction between individual SNPs and PS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill S Barnholtz-Sloan
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Cleveland, OH, USA
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Ishak MB, Giri VN. A systematic review of replication studies of prostate cancer susceptibility genetic variants in high-risk men originally identified from genome-wide association studies. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011; 20:1599-610. [PMID: 21715604 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-11-0312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several prostate cancer genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified risk-associated genetic variants primarily in populations of European descent. Less is known about the association of these variants in high-risk populations, including men of African descent and men with a family history of prostate cancer. This article provides a detailed review of published studies of prostate cancer-associated genetic variants originally identified in GWAS and replicated in high-risk populations. METHODS Articles replicating GWAS findings (National Human Genome Research Institute GWAS database) were identified by searching PubMed and relevant data were extracted. RESULTS Eleven replication studies were eligible for inclusion in this review. Of more than 30 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) identified in prostate cancer GWAS, 19 SNPs (63%) were replicated in men of African descent and 10 SNPs (33%) were replicated in men with familial and/or hereditary prostate cancer (FPC/HPC). The majority of SNPs were located at the 8q24 region with modest effect sizes (OR 1.11-2.63 in African American men and OR 1.3-2.51 in men with FPC). All replicated SNPs at 8q24 among men of African descent were within or near regions 2 and 3. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review revealed several GWAS markers with replicated associations with prostate cancer in men of African descent and men with FPC/HPC. The 8q24 region continues to be the most implicated in prostate cancer risk. These replication data support ongoing study of clinical utility and potential function of these prostate cancer-associated variants in high-risk men. IMPACT The replicated SNPs presented in this review hold promise for personalizing risk assessment for prostate cancer for high-risk men upon further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam B Ishak
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Chung CC, Chanock SJ. Current status of genome-wide association studies in cancer. Hum Genet 2011; 130:59-78. [DOI: 10.1007/s00439-011-1030-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2011] [Accepted: 06/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Xu Z, Bensen JT, Smith GJ, Mohler JL, Taylor JA. GWAS SNP Replication among African American and European American men in the North Carolina-Louisiana prostate cancer project (PCaP). Prostate 2011; 71:881-91. [PMID: 21456070 PMCID: PMC3403828 DOI: 10.1002/pros.21304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2010] [Accepted: 10/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified numerous common SNPs associated with prostate cancer (CaP) risk in men of European descent. This study evaluates GWAS SNPs associated with CaP in African Americans (AAs) and European Americans (EA). METHODS Eight hundred SNPs were genotyped, including 32 from European-based GWAS and 35 flanking SNPs, in 417 AA and 455 EA cases from the NC-LA Prostate Cancer Project (PCaP) and compared to 925 AA and 1,687 EA controls from Illumina's iControlDB. The 32 GWAS SNPs were evaluated for their predictive power to discriminate between cases and controls using ROC curves. RESULTS Of the 32 GWAS SNPs, 13 were significant at P < 0.05 in EA and 4 in AA (rs6983267, rs7017300, rs1859962, rs6501455). Three of 35 flanking SNPs, all from chromosome 8q, reached study-wide significance (P < 3.5 × 10(-5)); 2 in AA (rs10505476 rs6985504) and 1 in EA (rs16901970). Among the remaining 656 SNPs, 2 were associated with CaP (P < 3.5 × 10(-5)): rs1472606 (OR: 1.43 in EA) and rs9351265 (OR: 1.48 in AA) both in intergenic regions. For the 32 GWAS SNPs, ROC plots yielded AUC estimates too low for clinical use (EA AUC = 0.60 and AA AUC = 0.56). CONCLUSIONS This study confirms a large proportion of CaP associated regions implicated by European-based GWAS and provides evidence that some regions may be important in AA CaP risk. Despite the identification of a large panel of GWAS replicated SNPs for CaP, this panel is not appropriate for clinical screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongli Xu
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
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Aly M, Wiklund F, Grönberg H. Early detection of prostate cancer with emphasis on genetic markers. Acta Oncol 2011; 50 Suppl 1:18-23. [PMID: 21604936 DOI: 10.3109/0284186x.2010.529824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The recent advances in genomic research have made it possible to identify several new genomic-based biomarkers for prostate cancer. In this review we evaluate these new markers and speculate about future scenarios. RESULTS Today 35 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been identified and independently validated to associate with prostate cancer. These SNPs are common in the population (>5%) but the effect of these SNPs in these regions on prostate cancer risk is modest with odds ratios typically ranging between 1.1 and 1.3. It is estimated that these markers explain 25% of the familial risk of prostate cancer. However, it is anticipated that additional 50-75 prostate cancer SNPs will be identified in the near future. The SNPs associated with prostate cancer so far are not associated with disease stage or outcome. There are several efforts to identify germline genetic markers that can be used as prognostic markers. There are also tumor-based methods that are promising in identifying new genetic markers that can be easily measured in plasma or urine. CONCLUSION There are several new "genetic" markers that in the near future might be used in clinical routine. These markers are easy to measure and stable over time. However the challenge is not only to identify new biomarkers but the real test is to validate new biomarkers in several large well-characterized patient populations. This validation must be done together will all other known biomarkers at the same time as it not likely that one single marker is enough, but a panel of different markers. Today 2010 there are over 19 000 publications in the area of biomarkers and prostate cancer, but only one biomarker, PSA, is used in the clinic today!
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Aly
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Haiman CA, Chen GK, Blot WJ, Strom SS, Berndt SI, Kittles RA, Rybicki BA, Isaacs WB, Ingles SA, Stanford JL, Diver WR, Witte JS, Chanock SJ, Kolb S, Signorello LB, Yamamura Y, Neslund-Dudas C, Thun MJ, Murphy A, Casey G, Sheng X, Wan P, Pooler LC, Monroe KR, Waters KM, Le Marchand L, Kolonel LN, Stram DO, Henderson BE. Characterizing genetic risk at known prostate cancer susceptibility loci in African Americans. PLoS Genet 2011; 7:e1001387. [PMID: 21637779 PMCID: PMC3102736 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1001387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2010] [Accepted: 04/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
GWAS of prostate cancer have been remarkably successful in revealing common genetic variants and novel biological pathways that are linked with its etiology. A more complete understanding of inherited susceptibility to prostate cancer in the general population will come from continuing such discovery efforts and from testing known risk alleles in diverse racial and ethnic groups. In this large study of prostate cancer in African American men (3,425 prostate cancer cases and 3,290 controls), we tested 49 risk variants located in 28 genomic regions identified through GWAS in men of European and Asian descent, and we replicated associations (at p≤0.05) with roughly half of these markers. Through fine-mapping, we identified nearby markers in many regions that better define associations in African Americans. At 8q24, we found 9 variants (p≤6×10(-4)) that best capture risk of prostate cancer in African Americans, many of which are more common in men of African than European descent. The markers found to be associated with risk at each locus improved risk modeling in African Americans (per allele OR = 1.17) over the alleles reported in the original GWAS (OR = 1.08). In summary, in this detailed analysis of the prostate cancer risk loci reported from GWAS, we have validated and improved upon markers of risk in some regions that better define the association with prostate cancer in African Americans. Our findings with variants at 8q24 also reinforce the importance of this region as a major risk locus for prostate cancer in men of African ancestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America.
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Machiela MJ, Chen CY, Chen C, Chanock SJ, Hunter DJ, Kraft P. Evaluation of polygenic risk scores for predicting breast and prostate cancer risk. Genet Epidemiol 2011; 35:506-514. [PMID: 21618606 DOI: 10.1002/gepi.20600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2010] [Revised: 04/08/2011] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Recently, polygenic risk scores (PRS) have been shown to be associated with certain complex diseases. The approach has been based on the contribution of counting multiple alleles associated with disease across independent loci, without requiring compelling evidence that every locus had already achieved definitive genome-wide statistical significance. Whether PRS assist in the prediction of risk of common cancers is unknown. We built PRS from lists of genetic markers prioritized by their association with breast cancer (BCa) or prostate cancer (PCa) in a training data set and evaluated whether these scores could improve current genetic prediction of these specific cancers in independent test samples. We used genome-wide association data on 1,145 BCa cases and 1,142 controls from the Nurses' Health Study and 1,164 PCa cases and 1,113 controls from the Prostate Lung Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial. Ten-fold cross validation was used to build and evaluate PRS with 10 to 60,000 independent single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). For both BCa and PCa, the models that included only published risk alleles maximized the cross-validation estimate of the area under the ROC curve (0.53 for breast and 0.57 for prostate). We found no significant evidence that PRS using common variants improved risk prediction for BCa and PCa over replicated SNP scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell J Machiela
- Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Chia-Yen Chen
- Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Constance Chen
- Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - David J Hunter
- Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Peter Kraft
- Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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Chung CC, Ciampa J, Yeager M, Jacobs KB, Berndt SI, Hayes RB, Gonzalez-Bosquet J, Kraft P, Wacholder S, Orr N, Yu K, Hutchinson A, Boland J, Chen Q, Feigelson HS, Thun MJ, Diver WR, Albanes D, Virtamo J, Weinstein S, Schumacher FR, Cancel-Tassin G, Cussenot O, Valeri A, Andriole GL, Crawford ED, Haiman CA, Henderson BE, Kolonel L, Le Marchand L, Siddiq A, Riboli E, Key TJ, Kaaks R, Isaacs WB, Isaacs SD, Grönberg H, Wiklund F, Xu J, Vatten LJ, Hveem K, Njolstad I, Gerhard DS, Tucker M, Hoover RN, Fraumeni JF, Hunter DJ, Thomas G, Chatterjee N, Chanock SJ. Fine mapping of a region of chromosome 11q13 reveals multiple independent loci associated with risk of prostate cancer. Hum Mol Genet 2011; 20:2869-78. [PMID: 21531787 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddr189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have identified prostate cancer susceptibility alleles on chromosome 11q13. As part of the Cancer Genetic Markers of Susceptibility (CGEMS) Initiative, the region flanking the most significant marker, rs10896449, was fine mapped in 10 272 cases and 9123 controls of European origin (10 studies) using 120 common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) selected by a two-staged tagging strategy using HapMap SNPs. Single-locus analysis identified 18 SNPs below genome-wide significance (P< 10(-8)) with rs10896449 the most significant (P= 7.94 × 10(-19)). Multi-locus models that included significant SNPs sequentially identified a second association at rs12793759 [odds ratio (OR) = 1.14, P= 4.76 × 10(-5), adjusted P= 0.004] that is independent of rs10896449 and remained significant after adjustment for multiple testing within the region. rs10896438, a proxy of previously reported rs12418451 (r(2)= 0.96), independent of both rs10896449 and rs12793759 was detected (OR = 1.07, P= 5.92 × 10(-3), adjusted P= 0.054). Our observation of a recombination hotspot that separates rs10896438 from rs10896449 and rs12793759, and low linkage disequilibrium (rs10896449-rs12793759, r(2)= 0.17; rs10896449-rs10896438, r(2)= 0.10; rs12793759-rs10896438, r(2)= 0.12) corroborate our finding of three independent signals. By analysis of tagged SNPs across ∼123 kb using next generation sequencing of 63 controls of European origin, 1000 Genome and HapMap data, we observed multiple surrogates for the three independent signals marked by rs10896449 (n= 31), rs10896438 (n= 24) and rs12793759 (n= 8). Our results indicate that a complex architecture underlying the common variants contributing to prostate cancer risk at 11q13. We estimate that at least 63 common variants should be considered in future studies designed to investigate the biological basis of the multiple association signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles C Chung
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Department of Health and Human Services, National Cancer Institute/NIH, 8717 Grovemont Circle, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Ciampa J, Yeager M, Amundadottir L, Jacobs K, Kraft P, Chung C, Wacholder S, Yu K, Wheeler W, Thun MJ, Divers WR, Gapstur S, Albanes D, Virtamo J, Weinstein S, Giovannucci E, Willett WC, Cancel-Tassin G, Cussenot O, Valeri A, Hunter D, Hoover R, Thomas G, Chanock S, Chatterjee N. Large-scale exploration of gene-gene interactions in prostate cancer using a multistage genome-wide association study. Cancer Res 2011; 71:3287-95. [PMID: 21372204 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-2646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Recent genome-wide association studies have identified independent susceptibility loci for prostate cancer that could influence risk through interaction with other, possibly undetected, susceptibility loci. We explored evidence of interaction between pairs of 13 known susceptibility loci and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) across the genome to generate hypotheses about the functionality of prostate cancer susceptibility regions. We used data from Cancer Genetic Markers of Susceptibility: Stage I included 523,841 SNPs in 1,175 cases and 1,100 controls; Stage II included 27,383 SNPs in an additional 3,941 cases and 3,964 controls. Power calculations assessed the magnitude of interactions our study is likely to detect. Logistic regression was used with alternative methods that exploit constraints of gene-gene independence between unlinked loci to increase power. Our empirical evaluation demonstrated that an empirical Bayes (EB) technique is powerful and robust to possible violation of the independence assumption. Our EB analysis identified several noteworthy interacting SNP pairs, although none reached genome-wide significance. We highlight a Stage II interaction between the major prostate cancer susceptibility locus in the subregion of 8q24 that contains POU5F1B and an intronic SNP in the transcription factor EPAS1, which has potentially important functional implications for 8q24. Another noteworthy result involves interaction of a known prostate cancer susceptibility marker near the prostate protease genes KLK2 and KLK3 with an intronic SNP in PRXX2. Overall, the interactions we have identified merit follow-up study, particularly the EPAS1 interaction, which has implications not only in prostate cancer but also in other epithelial cancers that are associated with the 8q24 locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Ciampa
- Department of Health and Human Services, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
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Helfand BT, Kan D, Modi P, Catalona WJ. Prostate cancer risk alleles significantly improve disease detection and are associated with aggressive features in patients with a "normal" prostate specific antigen and digital rectal examination. Prostate 2011; 71:394-402. [PMID: 20860009 PMCID: PMC3089434 DOI: 10.1002/pros.21253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2010] [Accepted: 07/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several reports suggest that a combination of risk alleles may be associated with prostate cancer (CaP) risk and tumor features. However, their ability to detect CaP and tumor characteristics in patients with a "normal" PSA (<4 ng/ml) and non-suspicious digital rectal examination (DRE) remains to be determined. METHODS We examined 203 men of European ancestry with clinical stage T1c CaP diagnosed at a "normal" PSA and 611 healthy volunteer controls. The genotypes for 17 different risk alleles were compared between CaP cases and controls. Additional analyses were used to compare the pathologic features between carriers and non-carriers (defined using best-fit genetic model) of these variants. RESULTS All risk alleles were present at an increased frequency in cases with "normal" PSA values and DRE compared to controls. Amongst CaP patients, carriers of an increasing number of genetic risk factors (i.e., alleles and positive family history) were at a significantly increased risk of CaP (P-trend <0.001). Specifically, men with >10 genetic risk factors had an 11.2-fold risk (95% CI 4.3-29.2) of having the disease compared to men with ≤5 variants. There also was a higher frequency of many the variants amongst men with adverse pathologic features. CONCLUSIONS A substantial proportion of biopsy-detectable CaP occurs in men with "normal" PSA levels and negative DRE. In this population, CaP risk alleles and family history are significantly associated with CaP risk and may help predict aggressive disease. Future studies are warranted to determine the utility of incorporating these variants into CaP screening programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - William J. Catalona
- Corresponding Author: William J. Catalona, MD 675 N. Saint Clair Street, Suite 20-150 Chicago, IL 60611 Phone: (312) 695-4471 Fax: (312) 695-1144
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Lindstrom S, Schumacher F, Siddiq A, Travis RC, Campa D, Berndt SI, Diver WR, Severi G, Allen N, Andriole G, Bueno-de-Mesquita B, Chanock SJ, Crawford D, Gaziano JM, Giles GG, Giovannucci E, Guo C, Haiman CA, Hayes RB, Halkjaer J, Hunter DJ, Johansson M, Kaaks R, Kolonel LN, Navarro C, Riboli E, Sacerdote C, Stampfer M, Stram DO, Thun MJ, Trichopoulos D, Virtamo J, Weinstein SJ, Yeager M, Henderson B, Ma J, Le Marchand L, Albanes D, Kraft P. Characterizing associations and SNP-environment interactions for GWAS-identified prostate cancer risk markers--results from BPC3. PLoS One 2011; 6:e17142. [PMID: 21390317 PMCID: PMC3044744 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2010] [Accepted: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with prostate cancer risk. However, whether these associations can be consistently replicated, vary with disease aggressiveness (tumor stage and grade) and/or interact with non-genetic potential risk factors or other SNPs is unknown. We therefore genotyped 39 SNPs from regions identified by several prostate cancer GWAS in 10,501 prostate cancer cases and 10,831 controls from the NCI Breast and Prostate Cancer Cohort Consortium (BPC3). We replicated 36 out of 39 SNPs (P-values ranging from 0.01 to 10⁻²⁸). Two SNPs located near KLK3 associated with PSA levels showed differential association with Gleason grade (rs2735839, P = 0.0001 and rs266849, P = 0.0004; case-only test), where the alleles associated with decreasing PSA levels were inversely associated with low-grade (as defined by Gleason grade < 8) tumors but positively associated with high-grade tumors. No other SNP showed differential associations according to disease stage or grade. We observed no effect modification by SNP for association with age at diagnosis, family history of prostate cancer, diabetes, BMI, height, smoking or alcohol intake. Moreover, we found no evidence of pair-wise SNP-SNP interactions. While these SNPs represent new independent risk factors for prostate cancer, we saw little evidence for effect modification by other SNPs or by the environmental factors examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Lindstrom
- Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Fredrick Schumacher
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Afshan Siddiq
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth C. Travis
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Daniele Campa
- Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sonja I. Berndt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - W. Ryan Diver
- Department of Epidemiology, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Gianluca Severi
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria and the Centre for Molecular, Genetic, Environmental, and Analytic Epidemiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Naomi Allen
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Gerald Andriole
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Stephen J. Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - David Crawford
- Urologic Oncology, University of Colorado at Denver Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - J. Michael Gaziano
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology and Research Information Center (MAVERIC) and Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (GRECC), Boston Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Division of Aging, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Graham G. Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria and the Centre for Molecular, Genetic, Environmental, and Analytic Epidemiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Edward Giovannucci
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Carolyn Guo
- Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Christopher A. Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Richard B. Hayes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Division of Epidemiology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Jytte Halkjaer
- The Danish Cancer Society, Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David J. Hunter
- Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Mattias Johansson
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Laurence N. Kolonel
- Epidemiology Program, Cancer Research Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Carmen Navarro
- Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Authority, Murcia, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elio Riboli
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Meir Stampfer
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Daniel O. Stram
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Michael J. Thun
- Department of Epidemiology, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Dimitrios Trichopoulos
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Athens, Greece
| | - Jarmo Virtamo
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stephanie J. Weinstein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Meredith Yeager
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Brian Henderson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Medicine, Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, Cancer Research Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Peter Kraft
- Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Aly M, Wiklund F, Xu J, Isaacs WB, Eklund M, D'Amato M, Adolfsson J, Grönberg H. Polygenic risk score improves prostate cancer risk prediction: results from the Stockholm-1 cohort study. Eur Urol 2011; 60:21-8. [PMID: 21295399 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2011.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2010] [Accepted: 01/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND More than 1 million prostate biopsies are conducted yearly in the United States. The low specificity of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) results in diagnostic biopsies in men without prostate cancer (PCa). Additional information, such as genetic markers, could be used to avoid unnecessary biopsies. OBJECTIVE To determine whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with PCa can be used to determine whether biopsy of the prostate is necessary. DESIGN, SETTINGS, AND PARTICIPANTS The Stockholm-1 cohort (n = 5241) consisted of men who underwent a prostate biopsy during 2005 to 2007. PSA levels were retrieved from databases and family histories were obtained using a questionnaire. Thirty-five validated SNPs were analysed and converted into a genetic risk score that was implemented in a risk-prediction model. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS When comparing the nongenetic model (based on age, PSA, free-to-total PSA, and family history) with the genetic model and using a fixed number of detected PCa cases, it was found that the genetic model required significantly fewer biopsies than the nongenetic model, with 480 biopsies (22.7%) avoided, at a cost of missing a PCa diagnosis in 3% of patients characterised as having an aggressive disease. However, the overall genetic model does not discriminate between aggressive and nonaggressive cases. CONCLUSION Although the genetic model reduced the number of biopsies more than the nongenetic model, the clinical significance of this finding requires further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Aly
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Nurminen R, Wahlfors T, Tammela TLJ, Schleutker J. Identification of an aggressive prostate cancer predisposing variant at 11q13. Int J Cancer 2011; 129:599-606. [PMID: 21064104 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2010] [Accepted: 09/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in men; however, the genetic basis of susceptibility remains elusive. The EMSY gene is located in the prostate cancer linked chromosome region at 11q13.5. The aim of this study was to screen EMSY for sequence variants and to evaluate its association with the risk of prostate cancer. We performed a Finnish population-based case-control study with 923 controls, 184 familial prostate cancer cases and 2,301 unselected prostate cancer cases. Variants were screened using sequencing and validated using the TaqMan assay and High Resolution Melting analysis. A total of 27 sequence variants were found, and 17 of them were novel. A rare intronic variant, IVS6-43A>G (minor allele frequency of 0.004), increased the prostate cancer risk in familial cases (odds ratio [OR] = 7.5; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.3-45.5; p = 0.02). Further analysis with clinicopathological data revealed that the variant is associated with aggressive unselected cases (prostate specific antigen ≥ 20 μg/L or Gleason grade ≥ 7), based on both case-control (OR = 6.0; 95% CI = 1.3-26.4; p = 0.03) and case-case analyses (OR = 6.5; 95% CI = 1.5-28.4; p = 0.002). In addition, all variant-positive familial cases had aggressive cancer. Our results indicate that the intronic variant IVS6-43A>G increases the familial and unselected prostate cancer risk in a Finnish population and contributes to the aggressive progression of the disease in a high-penetrance manner. The potential role of the variant as a predictive genetic marker for aggressive prostate cancer should be further evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riikka Nurminen
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Medical Technology and Centre of Laboratory Medicine, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Biokatu 8, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland
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Chang BL, Spangler E, Gallagher S, Haiman CA, Henderson B, Isaacs W, Benford ML, Kidd LR, Cooney K, Strom S, Ann Ingles S, Stern MC, Corral R, Joshi AD, Xu J, Giri VN, Rybicki B, Neslund-Dudas C, Kibel AS, Thompson IM, Leach RJ, Ostrander EA, Stanford JL, Witte J, Casey G, Eeles R, Hsing AW, Chanock S, Hu JJ, John EM, Park J, Stefflova K, Zeigler-Johnson C, Rebbeck TR. Validation of genome-wide prostate cancer associations in men of African descent. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011; 20:23-32. [PMID: 21071540 PMCID: PMC3110616 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-10-0698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified numerous prostate cancer susceptibility alleles, but these loci have been identified primarily in men of European descent. There is limited information about the role of these loci in men of African descent. METHODS We identified 7,788 prostate cancer cases and controls with genotype data for 47 GWAS-identified loci. RESULTS We identified significant associations for SNP rs10486567 at JAZF1, rs10993994 at MSMB, rs12418451 and rs7931342 at 11q13, and rs5945572 and rs5945619 at NUDT10/11. These associations were in the same direction and of similar magnitude as those reported in men of European descent. Significance was attained at all reported prostate cancer susceptibility regions at chromosome 8q24, including associations reaching genome-wide significance in region 2. CONCLUSION We have validated in men of African descent the associations at some, but not all, prostate cancer susceptibility loci originally identified in European descent populations. This may be due to the heterogeneity in genetic etiology or in the pattern of genetic variation across populations. IMPACT The genetic etiology of prostate cancer in men of African descent differs from that of men of European descent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Li Chang
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Elaine Spangler
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Stephen Gallagher
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Christopher A. Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Brian Henderson
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - William Isaacs
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | | | | | - Kathleen Cooney
- Department of Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | - Sue Ann Ingles
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles CA
| | - Mariana C. Stern
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles CA
| | - Roman Corral
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles CA
| | - Amit D. Joshi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles CA
| | | | | | | | | | - Adam S. Kibel
- Department of Surgery and Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Ian M. Thompson
- Department of Urology and the Cancer Therapy and Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX
| | - Robin J. Leach
- Department of Urology and the Cancer Therapy and Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX
| | | | | | - John Witte
- Departments of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Urology, Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Graham Casey
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
| | - Rosalind Eeles
- Institute for Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Trust, Sutton, UK
| | - Ann W. Hsing
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Stephen Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jennifer J. Hu
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | | | | | - Klara Stefflova
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Charnita Zeigler-Johnson
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Timothy R. Rebbeck
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia
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Wang XC, Tian LL, Wu HL, Jiang XY, Du LQ, Zhang H, Wang YY, Wu HY, Li DG, She Y, Liu QF, Fan FY, Meng AM. Expression of miRNA-130a in nonsmall cell lung cancer. Am J Med Sci 2010; 340:385-8. [PMID: 20625274 DOI: 10.1097/maj.0b013e3181e892a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are short regulatory RNAs that negatively modulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level and are deeply involved in the pathogenesis of several types of cancer. The miRNA-130a has been shown to play a role in antagonizing the inhibitory effects of GAX on endothelial cell proliferation, migration and tube formation, and antagonizing the inhibitory effects of HoxA5 on tube formation in vitro. Here the authors show, for the first time, that miRNA-130a expression is increased in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues. Statistical analysis showed that overexpression of miRNA-130a was strongly associated with lymph node metastasis, stage of tumor node metastasis classification and poor prognosis. Moreover, there was a significant difference in miRNA-130a expression levels between smoking and nonsmoking patients. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that miRNA-130a was an independent prognostic factor for patients with NSCLC. Together, these data suggest that miRNA-130a may comprise a potential novel prognostic marker for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Chun Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Tianjin, China
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45
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Wiklund F. Prostate cancer genomics: can we distinguish between indolent and fatal disease using genetic markers? Genome Med 2010; 2:45. [PMID: 20667146 PMCID: PMC2923737 DOI: 10.1186/gm166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2010] [Accepted: 07/26/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the most heritable cancers in men, and recent genome-wide association studies have revealed numerous genetic variants associated with disease. The risk variants identified using case-control designs that compared unaffected individuals with all types of patients with prostate cancer show little or no ability to discriminate between indolent and fatal forms of this disease. This suggests different genetic components are involved in the initiation as compared with the prognosis of prostate cancer. Future studies contrasting patients with more and less aggressive disease, and exploring association with disease progression and prognosis, should be more effective in detecting genetic risk factors for prostate cancer outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Wiklund
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Bos 281, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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46
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Helfand BT, Fought AJ, Loeb S, Meeks JJ, Kan D, Catalona WJ. Genetic prostate cancer risk assessment: common variants in 9 genomic regions are associated with cumulative risk. J Urol 2010; 184:501-5. [PMID: 20620408 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2010.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Five genetic variants along chromosomes 8q24 and 17q have a cumulative association with prostate cancer risk. Our research group previously reported an association between these variants and clinicopathological characteristics. More recently 4 additional prostate cancer susceptibility variants were identified on chromosomes 2p15, 10q11, 11q13 and Xp11. We performed cumulative risk assessment incorporating all 9 genetic variants and determined the relationship of the new variants to clinicopathological tumor features. MATERIALS AND METHODS The genotype of 9 variants was determined in 687 men of European ancestry who underwent radical prostatectomy from 2002 to 2008 and in 777 healthy volunteer controls. We compared the incidence of these variants in prostate cancer cases and controls, and assessed their cumulative risk. We also determined the relationship of carrier status for the 4 new variants and clinicopathological tumor features. RESULTS Prostate cancer cases had an increased incidence of all 9 risk variants compared to controls. A cumulative model including the 9 single nucleotide polymorphisms provided greater prostate cancer risk stratification than a model restricted to the original 5 single nucleotide polymorphisms described. Specifically men with 6 or more variants were at greater than 6-fold increased risk for prostate cancer. Although 2p15 and 11q13 carriers were more likely to have aggressive features, other clinicopathological features were similar in carriers and noncarriers. CONCLUSIONS Genetic variants located in 9 regions have a cumulative association with prostate cancer risk. Identification of an increasing number of single nucleotide polymorphisms may provide greater understanding of their combined relationship with CaP risk and disease aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian T Helfand
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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47
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Prokunina-Olsson L, Fu YP, Tang W, Jacobs KB, Hayes RB, Kraft P, Berndt SI, Wacholder S, Yu K, Hutchinson A, Spencer Feigelson H, Thun MJ, Diver WR, Albanes D, Virtamo J, Weinstein S, Schumacher FR, Cancel-Tassin G, Cussenot O, Valeri A, Andriole GL, Crawford ED, Haiman CA, Henderson BE, Kolonel L, Le Marchand L, Siddiq A, Riboli E, Travis R, Kaaks R, Isaacs WB, Isaacs SD, Grönberg H, Wiklund F, Xu J, Vatten LJ, Hveem K, Kumle M, Tucker M, Hoover RN, Fraumeni JF, Hunter DJ, Thomas G, Chatterjee N, Chanock SJ, Yeager M. Refining the prostate cancer genetic association within the JAZF1 gene on chromosome 7p15.2. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2010; 19:1349-55. [PMID: 20406958 PMCID: PMC2866032 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-09-1181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide association studies have identified multiple genetic variants associated with susceptibility to prostate cancer (PrCa). In the two-stage Cancer Genetic Markers of Susceptibility prostate cancer scan, a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs10486567, located within intron 2 of JAZF1 gene on chromosome 7p15.2, showed a promising association with PrCa overall (P=2.14x10(-6)), with a suggestion of stronger association with aggressive disease (P=1.2x10(-7)). METHODS In the third stage of genome-wide association studies, we genotyped 106 JAZF1 SNPs in 10,286 PrCa cases and 9,135 controls of European ancestry. RESULTS The strongest association was observed with the initial marker rs10486567, which now achieves genome-wide significance [P=7.79x10(-11); ORHET, 1.19 (95% confidence interval, 1.12-1.27); ORHOM, 1.37 (95% confidence interval, 1.20-1.56)]. We did not confirm a previous suggestion of a stronger association of rs10486567 with aggressive disease (P=1.60x10(-4) for aggressive cancer, n=4,597; P=3.25x10(-8) for nonaggressive cancer, n=4,514). Based on a multilocus model with adjustment for rs10486567, no additional independent signals were observed at chromosome 7p15.2. There was no association between PrCa risk and SNPs in JAZF1 previously associated with height (rs849140; P=0.587), body stature (rs849141, tagged by rs849136; P=0.171), and risk of type 2 diabetes and systemic lupus erythematosus (rs864745, tagged by rs849142; P=0.657). CONCLUSION rs10486567 remains the most significant marker for PrCa risk within JAZF1 in individuals of European ancestry. IMPACT Future studies should identify all variants in high linkage disequilibrium with rs10486567 and evaluate their functional significance for PrCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila Prokunina-Olsson
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 8717 Grovemont Circle, Bethesda, MD 20892-4605, USA.
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48
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Haiman CA, Stram DO. Exploring genetic susceptibility to cancer in diverse populations. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2010; 20:330-5. [PMID: 20359883 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2010.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2010] [Revised: 02/09/2010] [Accepted: 02/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Incidence rates for many cancers differ markedly by race/ethnicity and furthering our understanding of the genetic and environmental causes of such disparities is a scientific and public health need. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are widely acknowledged to provide important information about the etiology of common cancers. To date, these studies have been primarily conducted in European-derived populations. There are important reasons for extending the reach of GWAS studies to other groups and for conducting multiethnic genetic studies involving multiple populations and admixed populations. These include a (1) need to discover the full scope of variants that affect risk of disease in all populations, (2) furthering the understanding of disease pathways, and (3) to assist in fine-mapping of genetic associations by exploiting the differences in linkage disequilibrium between populations to narrow the range of marker alleles demarking regions that contain a true biologically relevant variant. Challenges to multiethnic studies relating to study power, control for hidden population structure, imputation, and use of shared controls for multiple cancer endpoints are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine and the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Guttmacher AE, McGuire AL, Ponder B, Stefánsson K. Personalized genomic information: preparing for the future of genetic medicine. Nat Rev Genet 2010; 11:161-5. [PMID: 20065954 DOI: 10.1038/nrg2735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The falling cost of sequencing means that we are rapidly approaching an era in which access to personalized genomic information is likely to be widespread. Here, four experts with different insights into the field of genomic medicine answer questions about the prospects for using this type of information. Their responses highlight the diverse range of issues that must be addressed - ranging from scientific to ethical and logistical - to ensure that the potential benefits of personal genomic information outweigh the costs to both individuals and societies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan E Guttmacher
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 31 Center Drive, Room 2A03, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-2152, USA.
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50
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Inherited genetic variant predisposes to aggressive but not indolent prostate cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:2136-40. [PMID: 20080650 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0914061107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Autopsy studies suggest that most aging men will develop lesions that, if detected clinically, would be diagnosed as prostate cancer (PCa). Most of these cancers are indolent and remain localized; however, a subset of PCa is aggressive and accounts for more than 27,000 deaths in the United States annually. Identification of factors specifically associated with risk for more aggressive PCa is urgently needed to reduce overdiagnosis and overtreatment of this common disease. To search for such factors, we compared the frequencies of SNPs among PCa patients who were defined as having either more aggressive or less aggressive disease in four populations examined in the Genetic Markers of Susceptibility (CGEMS) study performed by the National Cancer Institute. SNPs showing possible associations with disease severity were further evaluated in an additional three independent study populations from the United States and Sweden. In total, we studied 4,829 and 12,205 patients with more and less aggressive disease, respectively. We found that the frequency of the TT genotype of SNP rs4054823 at 17p12 was consistently higher among patients with more aggressive compared with less aggressive disease in each of the seven populations studied, with an overall P value of 2.1 x 10(-8) under a recessive model, exceeding the conservative genome-wide significance level. The difference in frequency was largest between patients with high-grade, non-organ-confined disease compared with those with low-grade, organ-confined disease. This study demonstrates that inherited variants predisposing to aggressive but not indolent PCa exist in the genome, and suggests that the clinical potential of such variants as potential early markers for risk of aggressive PCa should be evaluated.
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