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Bordoloi D, Harsha C, Padmavathi G, Banik K, Sailo BL, Roy NK, Girisa S, Thakur KK, Devi AK, Chinnathambi A, Alahmadi TA, Alharbi SA, Shakibaei M, Kunnumakkara AB. Loss of TIPE3 reduced the proliferation, survival and migration of lung cancer cells through inactivation of Akt/mTOR, NF-κB, STAT-3 signaling cascade. Life Sci 2022; 293:120332. [PMID: 35041835 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the foremost cause of cancer related mortality among men and one of the most fatal cancers among women. Notably, the 5-year survival rate of lung cancer is very less; 5% in developing countries. This low survival rate can be attributed to factors like late stage diagnosis, rapid postoperative recurrences in the patients undergoing treatment and development of chemoresistance against different agents used for treating lung cancer. Therefore, in this study we evaluated the potential of a recently identified protein namely TIPE3 which is known as a transfer protein of lipid second messengers as a lung cancer biomarker. TIPE3 was found to be significantly upregulated in lung cancer tissues indicating its role in the positive regulation of lung cancer. Supporting this finding, knockout of TIPE3 was also found to reduce the proliferation, survival and migration of lung cancer cells and arrested the G2 phase of cell cycle through inactivation of Akt/mTOR, NF-κB, STAT-3 signaling. It is well evinced that tobacco is the major risk factor of lung cancer which affects both males and females. Therefore, this study also evaluated the involvement of TIPE3 in tobacco mediated lung carcinogenesis. Notably, this study shows for the first time that TIPE3 positively regulates tobacco induced proliferation, survival and migration of lung cancer through modulation of Akt/mTOR signaling. Thus, TIPE3 plays critical role in the pathogenesis of lung cancer and hence it can be specifically targeted to develop novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devivasha Bordoloi
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India.
| | - Choudhary Harsha
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Ganesan Padmavathi
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Kishore Banik
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Bethsebie Lalduhsaki Sailo
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Nand Kishor Roy
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Sosmitha Girisa
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Krishan Kumar Thakur
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Amrita Khwairakpam Devi
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Arunachalam Chinnathambi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tahani Awad Alahmadi
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, [Medical City], King Khalid University Hospital, PO Box-2925, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulaiman Ali Alharbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mehdi Shakibaei
- Musculoskeletal Research Group and Tumour Biology, Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Pettenkoferstrasse 11, D-80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Ajaikumar B Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India.
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Qu Z, Zhang L, Hou R, Ma X, Yu J, Zhang W, Zhuang C. Exposure to a mixture of cigarette smoke carcinogens disturbs gut microbiota and influences metabolic homeostasis in A/J mice. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 344:109496. [PMID: 33939976 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
An increased risk of developing lung cancer has been associated with exposure to cigarette smoke carcinogens and alteration in the gut microbiota. However, there is limited understanding about the impact of exposure to NNK and BaP, the two important components of cigarette smoke carcinogens, on gut microbiota in lung cancer. The present study characterized the influence of exposure to a mixture of NNK plus BaP on lung cancer, feces metabolite composition, and gut microbiota in the A/J mice. The A/J mice were administered NNK plus BaP, and the changes in gut microbiota and feces metabolic profiles were characterized using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metabolomics, respectively. Results presented here illustrated that a mixture of NNK plus BaP exposure triggered lung carcinogenesis as shown by light microscopy and histopathological evaluation. 16S rRNA sequencing of gut microbiota indicated that exposure to NNK plus BaP could modified fecal bacterial composition. Elevated levels of Actinobacteria, Bifidobacterium, and Intestinimonas and reduced levels of Alistipes, Odoribacter, and Acetatifactor are associated with NNK plus BaP triggered lung cancer. In addition, metabolomics profile revealed the regulation of metabolism including purine metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, primary bile acid biosynthesis, steroid hormone biosynthesis, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, linoleic acid metabolism, and others. In conclusion, the results provide some guidance for using gut microbes as biomarkers to assess the progression of lung cancer, and lead to interventional targets to control the development of the disease in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Qu
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Ruilin Hou
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Xueqin Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Jianqiang Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Wannian Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China; School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Chunlin Zhuang
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China; School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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3
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Guo J, Chen H, Upadhyaya P, Zhao Y, Turesky RJ, Hecht SS. Mass Spectrometric Quantitation of Apurinic/Apyrimidinic Sites in Tissue DNA of Rats Exposed to Tobacco-Specific Nitrosamines and in Lung and Leukocyte DNA of Cigarette Smokers and Nonsmokers. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 33:2475-2486. [PMID: 32833447 PMCID: PMC7574376 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic activation of the carcinogenic tobacco-specific nitrosamines 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) and N'-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) results in formation of reactive electrophiles that modify DNA to produce a variety of products including methyl, 4-(3-pyridyl)-4-oxobutyl (POB)-, and 4-(3-pyridyl)-4-hydroxybutyl adducts. Among these are adducts such as 7-POB-deoxyguanosine (N7POBdG) which can lead to apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites by facile hydrolysis of the base-deoxyribonucleoside bond. In this study, we used a recently developed highly sensitive mass spectrometric method to quantitate AP sites by derivatization with O-(pyridin-3-yl-methyl)hydroxylamine (PMOA) (detection limit, 2 AP sites per 108 nucleotides). AP sites were quantified in DNA isolated from tissues of rats treated with NNN and NNK and from human lung tissue and leukocytes of cigarette smokers and nonsmokers. Rats treated with 5 or 21 mg/kg bw NNK for 4 days by s.c. injection had 2-6 and 2-17 times more AP sites than controls in liver and lung DNA (p < 0.05). Increases in AP sites were also found in liver DNA of rats exposed for 10 and 30 weeks (p < 0.05) but not for 50 and 70 weeks to 5 ppm of NNK in their drinking water. Levels of N7POBG were significantly correlated with AP sites in rats treated with NNK. In rats treated with 14 ppm (S)-NNN in their drinking water for 10 weeks, increased AP site formation compared to controls was observed in oral and nasal respiratory mucosa DNA (p < 0.05). No significant increase in AP sites was found in human lung and leukocyte DNA of cigarette smokers compared to nonsmokers, although AP sites in leukocyte DNA were significantly correlated with urinary levels of the NNK metabolite 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL). This is the first study to use mass spectrometry based methods to examine AP site formation by carcinogenic tobacco-specific nitrosamines in laboratory animals and to evaluate AP sites in DNA of smokers and nonsmokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiehong Guo
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Haoqing Chen
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Pramod Upadhyaya
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Yingchun Zhao
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Robert J. Turesky
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Stephen S. Hecht
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Amararathna M, Hoskin DW, Rupasinghe HPV. Cyanidin-3- O-Glucoside-Rich Haskap Berry Administration Suppresses Carcinogen-Induced Lung Tumorigenesis in A/JCr Mice. Molecules 2020; 25:E3823. [PMID: 32842605 PMCID: PMC7503524 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In our previous study, we demonstrated that cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G)-rich haskap (Lonicera caerulea L.) berry extracts can attenuate the carcinogen-induced DNA damage in normal lung epithelial cells in vitro. Here, the efficacy of lyophilized powder of whole haskap berry (C3G-HB) in lowering tobacco-specific nitrosamine, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone, (NNK)-induced lung tumorigenesis in A/JCr mice was investigated. Three weeks after daily oral administration of C3G-HB (6 mg of C3G in 0.2 g of C3G-HB/mouse/day), lung tumors were initiated by a single intraperitoneal injection of NNK. Dietary C3G-HB supplementation was continued, and 22 weeks later, mice were euthanized. Lung tumors were visualized through positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 19 weeks after NNK injection. Dietary supplementation of C3G-HB significantly reduced the NNK-induced lung tumor multiplicity and tumor area but did not affect tumor incidence. Immunohistochemical analysis showed reduced expression of proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Ki-67 in lung tissues. Therefore, C3G-HB has the potential to reduce the lung tumorigenesis, and to be used as a source for developing dietary supplements or nutraceuticals for reducing the risk of lung cancer among high-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madumani Amararathna
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, 50 Pictou Road, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada;
| | - David W. Hoskin
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada;
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - H. P. Vasantha Rupasinghe
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, 50 Pictou Road, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada;
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada;
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Nandakumar A, Nataraj P, James A, Krishnan R, K M M. Estimation of Salivary 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) as a Potential Biomarker in Assessing Progression towards Malignancy: A Case-Control Study. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:2325-2329. [PMID: 32856861 PMCID: PMC7771935 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.8.2325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Squamous Cell Carcinoma is almost always preceded by potentially malignant disorders in the oral cavity before malignant transformation. Characterization of 8-OHdG from the saliva offers a relatively non-invasive, simple and efficient methodology for monitoring oxidative stress in subjects of Premalignant oral disorders (PMOD) and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC). Hence the aim of the current study is to estimate the levels of salivary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) as a potential DNA Damage Biomarker in OSMF and OSCC patients in comparison to healthy individuals to assess disease progression from potentially malignant oral disorder to frank malignancy. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted among 90 patients [Oral Squamous cell carcinoma (n=30) and Oral Submucous Fibrosis (n=30) and healthy gender and age matched controls (n=30)]. 4ml of unstimulated saliva was collected from each of the subjects and was subjected to Sandwich ELISA for the quantification of salivary 8-OHdG. Statistical analysis was done using ANOVA, and p value was set at ≤0.05. Results: The mean age of OSCC patients were 56.8±11.8 years. Smoking was the most prevalent adverse habit among this group (66.6%) followed by Smokeless tobacco chewers (40%). The mean age of OSMF patients was 46.2± 9.8 years. Smokeless tobacco was the most predominant habit among the OSMF patients (83.33%) followed by smoking (33.33%). The mean OHdG levels among the controls was 6.59±1.47 (ng/dl) and almost doubled in patients of OSMF 13.89±1.96(ng/dL) and further raised in OSCC patients 19.96 ± 2.11 (ng/dL). These levels showed a highly significant difference (p <0.0001) in mean on comparison by using one-way ANOVA. Pearson correlation between the groups were also statistically significant (p=0.000). Conclusion: There were significant differences in the concentration of salivary 8-OHdG between healthy controls, OSMF, and OSCC patients. Hence, 8-OHdG can be used as a novel biomarker of DNA damage to assess disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Priyadharsini Nataraj
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, SRM Dental College, University Chennai, Ramapuram, India
| | - Amritha James
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, SRM Dental College, University Chennai, Ramapuram, India
| | - Rajkumar Krishnan
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, SRM Dental College, University Chennai, Ramapuram, India
| | - Mahesh K M
- Department of Ophthalmology, Panimalar Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, India
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Xiao Y, Chen S, Zhang G, Li Z, Xiao H, Chen C, He C, Zhang R, Yang X. Simple and rapid nicotine analysis using a disposable silica nanochannel-assisted electrochemiluminescence sensor. Analyst 2020; 145:4806-4814. [PMID: 32588848 DOI: 10.1039/d0an00588f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Nicotine analysis is essential to medicine, toxicology and the tobacco industry. However, no simple, portable and disposable method was developed to meet their demands. Here, we report a simple, rapid and disposable silica nanochannel (SAN)-based electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensor for nicotine analysis by simply assembling a SAN electrode with a paper cover. The sensing principle of the disposable sensor is based on the size exclusion effect and charge selectivity, which obviously prolong the sensor service time. We find that the sensor exhibits good specificity to nicotine, and most of the complex matrices are unlikely to impact the detection. The performance of the disposable sensor in cigarettes, e-cigarettes, nicotine gums, and lozenges is fully validated, showing satisfactory linearity, sensitivity (a limit of detection of 27.82 nM), and accuracy (a recovery between 96.00% and 106.51%). The disposable sensor can be potentially applied for on-site nicotine analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China. and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Hunan Normal University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Suhua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China. and Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Guocan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China.
| | - Zhimao Li
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China.
| | - Han Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China.
| | - Chuanpin Chen
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Chunlian He
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China.
| | - Ran Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China.
| | - Xiaoping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China.
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Dunbar ZR, Giovino G, Wei B, O’Connor RJ, Goniewicz ML, Travers MJ. Use of Electronic Cigarettes in Smoke-Free Spaces by Smokers: Results from the 2014-2015 Population Assessment on Tobacco and Health Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17030978. [PMID: 32033239 PMCID: PMC7038091 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17030978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Background: Smoke-free air policies exist to protect users and nonusers from exposure to tobacco smoke. Although electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) may expose passerby to nicotine and particulate matter, few US states regulate indoor use of ENDS. The purpose of this study was to investigate reported rationales for ENDS use and reported ENDS use in public smoke-free places by dual cigarette/ENDS users. Methods: A population of ENDS/cigarette co-users (n = 2051) was drawn from Wave 2 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) dataset (2014–2015). Harm reduction beliefs and cessation behavior of co-users were investigated as predictors of ENDS use in public smoke-free places using logistic regression. Results: Fifty-eight percent of dual users reported past 30-day ENDS use in public smoke-free places. Reported use of ENDS to cut down on cigarette smoking (OR: 2.38, 95% CI: 1.86, 3.05), as an alternative to quitting tobacco (OR: 1.71, 95% CI: 1.37, 2.13), or because of belief that ENDS help people to quit cigarettes (OR: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.20, 1.92) were significantly associated with increased odds of ENDS use in smoke-free places. Conclusions: Beliefs that ENDS were useful as cessation tools or posed modified risk to users and nonusers were associated with elevated odds of use ENDS in locations where conventional tobacco is prohibited. Due to limitations in the survey instrument, in-home ENDS use could not be directly assessed in this analysis. However, these self-reported findings suggest that use of ENDS in public places where cigarette use is prohibited is prevalent enough to be of concern for future regulation and enforcement efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary R. Dunbar
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Health Behavior, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Gary Giovino
- Department of Community Health and Health Behavior, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214-8028, USA;
| | - Binnian Wei
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Health Behavior, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Richard J. O’Connor
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Health Behavior, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Maciej L. Goniewicz
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Health Behavior, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Mark J. Travers
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Health Behavior, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
- Correspondence:
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Abstract
The oral cavities of tobacco smokers and users of smokeless tobacco products are exposed to high concentrations of nicotine. A limited number of animal studies have assessed the effect of nicotine on osseointegration. Results from experimental studies have reported a statistically significant decrease, at 4 weeks of follow-up, in bone-to-implant contact among rats exposed to nicotine compared with unexposed rats. Nicotine increases the production of inflammatory cytokines (such as interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha) by osteoblasts. Waterpipe, pipe, and cigarette smokers are at increased risk of developing oral cancer, periodontal disease, and alveolar bone loss. One explanation for this is that smokers (regardless of the type of tobacco product) are exposed to similar chemicals, such as nicotine, tar, oxidants, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, and carbon monoxide. Moreover, raised levels of proinflammatory cytokines have been identified in the gingival crevicular fluid of cigarette smokers with peri-implant diseases. Therefore, it is hypothesized that nicotine and chemicals in tobacco smoke induce a state of oxidative stress in peri-implant tissues (gingiva and alveolar bone), thereby increasing the likelihood of peri-implant disease development via an inflammatory response, which if left uncontrolled, will result in implant failure/loss. In this regard, tobacco smoking (including cigarettes, waterpipe, and pipe) is a significant risk factor for peri-implant diseases. The impact of vaping electronic cigarettes using nicotine-containing e-juices remains unknown. Habitual use of smokeless tobacco products is associated with oral inflammatory conditions, such as oral precancer, cancer, and periodontal disease. However, the effect of habitual use of smokeless tobacco products on the success and survival of dental implants remains undocumented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawad Javed
- Eastman Institute of Oral Health, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Irfan Rahman
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Georgios E Romanos
- Eastman Institute of Oral Health, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry, Dental School, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
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Knobloch TJ, Peng J, Hade EM, Cohn DE, Ruffin MT, Schiano MA, Calhoun BC, McBee WC, Lesnock JL, Gallion HH, Pollock J, Lu B, Oghumu S, Zhang Z, Sears MT, Ogbemudia BE, Perrault JT, Weghorst LC, Strawser E, DeGraffinreid CR, Paskett ED, Weghorst CM. Inherited alterations of TGF beta signaling components in Appalachian cervical cancers. Cancer Causes Control 2019; 30:1087-1100. [PMID: 31435875 PMCID: PMC6768402 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-019-01221-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study examined targeted genomic variants of transforming growth factor beta (TGFB) signaling in Appalachian women. Appalachian women with cervical cancer were compared to healthy Appalachian counterparts to determine whether these polymorphic alleles were over-represented within this high-risk cancer population, and whether lifestyle or environmental factors modified the aggregate genetic risk in these Appalachian women. METHODS Appalachian women's survey data and blood samples from the Community Awareness, Resources, and Education (CARE) CARE I and CARE II studies (n = 163 invasive cervical cancer cases, 842 controls) were used to assess gene-environment interactions and cancer risk. Polymorphic allele frequencies and socio-behavioral demographic measurements were compared using t tests and χ2 tests. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate interaction effects between genomic variance and demographic, behavioral, and environmental characteristics. RESULTS Several alleles demonstrated significant interaction with smoking (TP53 rs1042522, TGFB1 rs1800469), alcohol consumption (NQO1 rs1800566), and sexual intercourse before the age of 18 (TGFBR1 rs11466445, TGFBR1 rs7034462, TGFBR1 rs11568785). Interestingly, we noted a significant interaction between "Appalachian self-identity" variables and NQO1 rs1800566. Multivariable logistic regression of cancer status in an over-dominant TGFB1 rs1800469/TGFBR1 rs11568785 model demonstrated a 3.03-fold reduction in cervical cancer odds. Similar decreased odds (2.78-fold) were observed in an over-dominant TGFB1 rs1800469/TGFBR1 rs7034462 model in subjects who had no sexual intercourse before age 18. CONCLUSIONS This study reports novel associations between common low-penetrance alleles in the TGFB signaling cascade and modified risk of cervical cancer in Appalachian women. Furthermore, our unexpected findings associating Appalachian identity and NQO1 rs1800566 suggests that the complex environmental exposures that contribute to Appalachian self-identity in Appalachian cervical cancer patients represent an emerging avenue of scientific exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Knobloch
- College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
| | - Juan Peng
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Center for Biostatistics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Erinn M Hade
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Center for Biostatistics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - David E Cohn
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wexner Medical Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Columbus, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Mack T Ruffin
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Penn State University, Hersey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Michael A Schiano
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, West Virginia University, Charleston, WV, 26505, USA
- Charleston Area Medical Center Health System, Charleston, WV, 25302, USA
| | - Byron C Calhoun
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, West Virginia University, Charleston, WV, 26505, USA
- Charleston Area Medical Center Health System, Charleston, WV, 25302, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jondavid Pollock
- Wheeling Hospital, Schiffler Cancer Center, Wheeling, WV, 26003, USA
| | - Bo Lu
- College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Steve Oghumu
- College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Zhaoxia Zhang
- College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Marta T Sears
- College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | | | - Joseph T Perrault
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Wexner Medical Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Columbus, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Logan C Weghorst
- College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Erin Strawser
- College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Cecilia R DeGraffinreid
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Wexner Medical Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Columbus, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Electra D Paskett
- College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Wexner Medical Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Columbus, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Christopher M Weghorst
- College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
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10
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Carroll DM, Allenzara A, Jensen J, Stepanov I, Hecht S, Murphy S, Luo X, Donny E, Hatsukami DK. Biomarkers of Exposure and Potential Harm among Natural American Spirit Smokers. TOB REGUL SCI 2019; 5:339-351. [PMID: 33457467 PMCID: PMC7810336 DOI: 10.18001/trs.5.4.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We compared biomarkers of exposure and potential harm in smokers of American Spirit (AS) to smokers of Marlboro, Newport, Camel, and Pall Mall. METHODS We conducted secondary analysis on: (1) data from a randomized clinical trial (RCT); and (2) the Population Assessment of Tobacco Use and Health (PATH) Study. Biomarkers analyzed included: total nicotine equivalents (TNE); 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol and its glucuronides (total NNAL); N'-nitrosonornicotine and its N-glucuronide (total NNN);3-hydroxypropylmercapturic acid(3-HPMA); 2-hydroxypropylmercapturic acid (2-HPMA), 3-hydroxy-1 methylpropylmercapturic acid (HMPMA); S-phenylmercapturic acid(SPMA); 2-cyanoethylmercapturic acid (CEMA); phenanthrene tetraol(PheT);1-hydroxypyrene (1-HOP);8-iso-PGF2α; white blood count(WBC); prostaglandin E metabolite(PGEM); and high sensitivity C-reactive protein(hsCRP). RESULTS AS smokers did not differ in TNE but had higher TNE per cigarette compared to other brands. Total NNAL, total NNN, CEMA, and 3-HPMA were lower in AS smokers. All other biomarkers were no different in AS smokers compared to all or the majority of the other brands. CONCLUSIONS Levels of total NNAL, total NNN, acrylonitrile, and acrolein were reduced in AS smokers; however, it is not known whether reductions in exposure to these toxicants contribute to reduced harm. Higher TNE per cigarette smoked in AS smokers suggests a greater addictive potential compared to other brands. Regulatory action to ensure that consumers are not misled about the risks of the AS brand are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana M Carroll
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Astia Allenzara
- Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Joni Jensen
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Irina Stepanov
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Stephen Hecht
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Sharon Murphy
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Xianghua Luo
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Eric Donny
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
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11
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Gupta AK, Tulsyan S, Bharadwaj M, Mehrotra R. Grass roots approach to control levels of carcinogenic nitrosamines, NNN and NNK in smokeless tobacco products. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 124:359-366. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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12
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Martinez IKC, Sparks NRL, Madrid JV, Affeldt H, Vera MKM, Bhanu B, Zur Nieden NI. Video-based kinetic analysis of calcification in live osteogenic human embryonic stem cell cultures reveals the developmentally toxic effect of Snus tobacco extract. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 363:111-121. [PMID: 30468815 PMCID: PMC6594699 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies suggest tobacco consumption as a probable environmental factor for a variety of congenital anomalies, including low bone mass and increased fracture risk. Despite intensive public health initiatives to publicize the detrimental effects of tobacco use during pregnancy, approximately 10-20% of women in the United States still consume tobacco during pregnancy, some opting for so-called harm-reduction tobacco. These include Snus, a type of orally-consumed yet spit-free chewing tobacco, which is purported to expose users to fewer harmful chemicals. Concerns remain from a developmental health perspective since Snus has not reduced overall health risk to consumers and virtually nothing is known about whether skeletal problems from intrauterine exposure arise in the embryo. Utilizing a newly developed video-based calcification assay we determined that extracts from Snus tobacco hindered calcification of osteoblasts derived from pluripotent stem cells early on in their differentiation. Nicotine, a major component of tobacco products, had no measurable effect in the tested concentration range. However, through the extraction of video data, we determined that the tobacco-specific nitrosamine N'-nitrosonornicotine caused a reduction in calcification with similar kinetics as the complete Snus extract. From measurements of actual nitrosamine concentrations in Snus tobacco extract we furthermore conclude that N'-nitrosonornicotine has the potential to be a major trigger of developmental osteotoxicity caused by Snus tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivann K C Martinez
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Systems Biology and Stem Cell Center, College of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, United States; IGERT Graduate Program in Video Bioinformatics and Cell, Molecular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Nicole R L Sparks
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Systems Biology and Stem Cell Center, College of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, United States; Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Joseph V Madrid
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Systems Biology and Stem Cell Center, College of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, United States
| | - Henry Affeldt
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Systems Biology and Stem Cell Center, College of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, United States
| | - Madeline K M Vera
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Systems Biology and Stem Cell Center, College of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, United States; Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Bir Bhanu
- Center for Research in Intelligent Systems, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Nicole I Zur Nieden
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Systems Biology and Stem Cell Center, College of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, United States; IGERT Graduate Program in Video Bioinformatics and Cell, Molecular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States; Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States.
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13
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Wilson KA, Garden JL, Wetmore NT, Wetmore SD. Computational insights into the mutagenicity of two tobacco-derived carcinogenic DNA lesions. Nucleic Acids Res 2018; 46:11858-11868. [PMID: 30407571 PMCID: PMC6294509 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky1071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone is a potent carcinogen found in all tobacco products that leads to a variety of DNA lesions in cells, including O6-[4-oxo-4-(3-pyridyl)butyl]guanine (POB-G) and O6-[4-hydroxy-4-(3-pyridyl)butyl]guanine (PHB-G), which differ by only a single substituent in the bulky moiety. This work uses a multiscale computational approach to shed light on the intrinsic conformational and base-pairing preferences of POB-G and PHB-G, and the corresponding properties in DNA and the polymerase η active site. Our calculations reveal that both lesions form stable pairs with C and T, with the T pairs being the least distorted relative to canonical DNA. This rationalizes the experimentally reported mutational profile for POB-G and validates our computational model. The same approach predicts that PHB-G is more mutagenic than POB-G due to a difference in the bulky moiety hydrogen-bonding pattern, which increases the stability of the PHB-G:T pair. The mutagenicity of PHB-G is likely further increased by stabilization of an intercalated DNA conformation that is associated with deletion mutations. This work thereby uncovers structural explanations for the reported mutagenicity of POB-G, provides the first clues regarding the mutagenicity of PHB-G and complements a growing body of literature highlighting that subtle chemical changes can affect the biological outcomes of DNA adducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie A Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive West, Lethbridge, Alberta T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Josh L Garden
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive West, Lethbridge, Alberta T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Natasha T Wetmore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive West, Lethbridge, Alberta T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Stacey D Wetmore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive West, Lethbridge, Alberta T1K 3M4, Canada
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14
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Singhavi H, Ahluwalia JS, Stepanov I, Gupta PC, Gota V, Chaturvedi P, Khariwala SS. Tobacco carcinogen research to aid understanding of cancer risk and influence policy. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2018; 3:372-376. [PMID: 30450409 PMCID: PMC6209619 DOI: 10.1002/lio2.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Education regarding the health effects associated with tobacco use has made important progress worldwide over the last few decades. Still, tobacco remains a significant cause of cancer and other diseases. As a result, significant worldwide morbidity and mortality is still attributable to tobacco use in modern times. Research into tobacco products, the carcinogens they contain, and how users metabolize them is an important benefit to the advancement of research aimed at reducing harm associated with tobacco use. This review summarizes the use of this type of research to study tobacco users’ risk of developing cancer, especially head and neck cancer. In addition, we discuss the use of tobacco research to provide support for increasing levels of federal regulation of tobacco products. Level of Evidence 4.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jasjit S Ahluwalia
- The School of Public Health Brown University Providence Rhode Island U.S.A
| | | | - Prakash C Gupta
- Healis-Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health Minneapolis Minnesota U.S.A
| | | | | | - Samir S Khariwala
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota U.S.A
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15
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Jiang W, Wen D, Cheng Z, Yang Y, Zheng G, Yin F. Effect of sitagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, against DENA-induced liver cancer in rats mediated via NF-κB activation and inflammatory cytokines. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2018; 32:e22220. [PMID: 30218586 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The target of the current research was to investigate the anticancer activity of sitagliptin on diethylnitrosamine (DENA)-induced cancer in the liver. Wistar rats were treated with or without sitagliptin before DENA treatment. We detected liver weight, blood glucose, and histopathology of the liver. Serum biochemical markers like serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), serum alkaline phosphatase (SALP), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGTP), total bilirubin (TBR), total protein (TPR), and albumin (ALB) were also evaluated. In addition, lipid profile parameters comprising total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein were also measured. Inflammatory mediators like interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were determined in liver homogenate. Furthermore, the activity of nuclear factor (NF-κB) was also measured. Our results showed that sitagliptin (10 and 20 mg/kg) in a dose-dependent manner expressively decreased the DENA-induced elevation of SGPT, SGOT, SALP, and GGTP. Whereas sitagliptin (10 and 20 mg/kg) in a dose-dependent mode reduced the level of TBR and increased the TPR and ALB as well as improved the liver histopathology alterations in DENA-exposed rats. Lipid profile was also restored by the sitagliptin (10 and 20 mg/kg) in a DENA-treated rats. The level of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were suggestively suppressed. Moreover, pretreatment with sitagliptin (10 and 20 mg/kg) prevented the activation of NF-κB. In conclusion, sitagliptin (10 and 20 mg/kg) has a potential protective effect against DENA-induced liver cancer by inhibition of inflammation and NF-κB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Dacheng Wen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Zhaohua Cheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yongsheng Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Ge Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Fangying Yin
- Department of Pediatrics, The China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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16
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Abstract
The incidence and mortality from lung cancer is decreasing in the US due to decades of public education and tobacco control policies, but are increasing elsewhere in the world related to the commencement of the tobacco epidemic in various countries and populations in the developing world. Individual cigarette smoking is by far the most common risk factor for lung carcinoma; other risks include passive smoke inhalation, residential radon, occupational exposures, infection and genetic susceptibility. The predominant disease burden currently falls on minority populations and socioeconomically disadvantaged people. In the US, the recent legalization of marijuana for recreational use in many states and the rapid growth of commercially available electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) present challenges to public health for which little short term and no long term safety data is available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia M de Groot
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology at The UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Carol C Wu
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology at The UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brett W Carter
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology at The UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Reginald F Munden
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest Baptist Hospital, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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17
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Liao K, Yong CW, Hua K. SB431542 inhibited cigarette smoke extract induced invasiveness of A549 cells via the TGF-β1/Smad2/MMP3 pathway. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:9681-9686. [PMID: 29963124 PMCID: PMC6020173 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer has high morbidity and mortality rates. Smoking is involved in the pathogenesis of lung cancer, and tobacco smoke may increase tumor cell invasion and metastasis. The effects of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) on the carcinoma human alveolar basal epithelial A549 cell line were investigated. A549 cells were exposed to increasing concentrations of CSE for 12, 24 and 48 h, and the transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) signal pathway was inhibited by addition of SB431542, a TGF-β1 receptor antagonist. The proliferation of A549 cells was assayed by a Cell Counting kit-8, invasiveness was assayed using Transwell chambers, and TGF-β1, phosphorylated mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2 (p-Smad2), and matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP3) levels was assessed by western blot analysis. The invasiveness of A549 cells and the expression of TGF-β1, pSmad2, and MMP-3 were significantly increased by CSE (P<0.05). The effects of CSE were abrogated by SB431542 (P<0.05). In conclusion, CSE increased the invasiveness of A549 cells and its effects were abrogated by SB431542 and the TGF-β1/Smad2/MMP-3 pathway may have been involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Liao
- Department of Respiration and Gastroenterology, The Seventh Peoples Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, P.R. China
| | - Chen-Wei Yong
- Department of Respiration and Gastroenterology, The Seventh Peoples Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, P.R. China
| | - Ke Hua
- Department of Respiration and Gastroenterology, The Seventh Peoples Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, P.R. China
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18
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Ma B, Zarth AT, Carlson ES, Villalta PW, Upadhyaya P, Stepanov I, Hecht SS. Identification of more than 100 structurally unique DNA-phosphate adducts formed during rat lung carcinogenesis by the tobacco-specific nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone. Carcinogenesis 2018; 39:232-241. [PMID: 29194532 PMCID: PMC5862267 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgx135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The tobacco-specific nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) is a powerful lung carcinogen in animal models and is considered a causative factor for lung cancer in people who use tobacco products. NNK undergoes metabolic activation-a critical step in its mechanism of carcinogenesis-to an intermediate which reacts with DNA to form pyridyloxobutyl DNA base and phosphate adducts. Another important metabolic pathway of NNK is its conversion to 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL), which similarly forms pyridylhydroxybutyl DNA base adducts that have been characterized previously. In this study, we investigated the potential formation of pyridylhydroxybutyl DNA phosphate adducts. We report the characterization and quantitation of 107 structurally unique pyridylhydroxybutyl DNA phosphate adducts in the lungs of rats treated chronically with a carcinogenic dose of 5 ppm of NNK in their drinking water for up to 70 weeks, by using a novel liquid chromatography-nanoelectrospray ionization-high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry method. Our findings demonstrate that pyridylhydroxybutyl phosphate adducts account for 38-55 and 34-40% of all the measured pyridine-containing DNA adducts in rat lung and liver, respectively, upon treatment with NNK. Some of the pyridylhydroxybutyl DNA phosphate adducts persisted in both tissues for over 70 weeks, suggesting that they could be potential biomarkers of chronic exposure to NNK and NNAL. This study provides comprehensive characterization and relative quantitation of a panel of NNK/NNAL-derived DNA phosphate adducts, thus identifying NNK as the source of the most structurally diverse set of DNA adducts identified to date from any carcinogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Ma
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Adam T Zarth
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Erik S Carlson
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Peter W Villalta
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Pramod Upadhyaya
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Irina Stepanov
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Stephen S Hecht
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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19
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Fix BV, Adkison SE, O’Connor RJ, Bansal-Travers M, Cummings KM, Rees VW, Hatsukami DK. Evaluation of modified risk claim advertising formats for Camel Snus. HEALTH EDUCATION JOURNAL 2017; 76:971-985. [PMID: 38974785 PMCID: PMC11225884 DOI: 10.1177/0017896917729723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Objectives The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has regulatory authority for modified risk tobacco product advertising claims. To guide future regulatory efforts, we investigated how variations in modified risk claim advertisements influence consumer perceptions of product risk claims for Camel Snus. Methods Young people and adults (15-65), including current, never, and former smokers, were randomised to view one of five Camel Snus print advertisements as part of a web-based survey. Four of the advertisements presented information related to nitrosamine content of snus using four formats: (1) text, (2) a bar chart, (3) a text/testimonial and (4) a bar chart/testimonial. The fifth format, used as a control, was a current advertisement for Camel Snus without the explicit claims made about nitrosamine content. After viewing advertisements for all products, participants were asked which product they would be most interested in trying. Results Participants exposed to advertisements that contained an explicit reduced risk message agreed the advertising claim for that product posed fewer health risks than cigarettes. However, advertisements containing the reduced risk messages were also viewed as containing less truthful information and respondents were more sceptical of the information presented. Advertisement claim format was not associated with selecting snus over the other tobacco products, nor was it associated with purchase intentions. Conclusion The results of this research indicate that consumers respond to reduced risk messages, though perhaps not in the direct way anticipated. We found no significant differences by advertisement format (numerical, graphical, testimonial).
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian V Fix
- Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Sarah E Adkison
- Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Richard J O’Connor
- Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | | | - K Michael Cummings
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Vaughan W Rees
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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20
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Puppala M, Narayanapillai SC, Leitzman P, Sun H, Upadhyaya P, O'Sullivan MG, Hecht SS, Xing C. Pilot in Vivo Structure-Activity Relationship of Dihydromethysticin in Blocking 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone-Induced O 6-Methylguanine and Lung Tumor in A/J Mice. J Med Chem 2017; 60:7935-7940. [PMID: 28806079 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
(+)-Dihydromethysticin was recently identified as a promising lung cancer chemopreventive agent, while (+)-dihydrokavain was completely ineffective. A pilot in vivo structure-activity relationship (SAR) was explored, evaluating the efficacy of its analogs in blocking 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone-induced short-term O6-methylguanine and long-term adenoma formation in the lung tissues in A/J mice. Both results revealed cohesive SARs, demonstrating that the methylenedioxy functional group in DHM is essential while the lactone functional group tolerates modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manohar Puppala
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Sreekanth C Narayanapillai
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Pablo Leitzman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Haifeng Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Pramod Upadhyaya
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - M Gerard O'Sullivan
- Masonic Cancer Center Comparative Pathology Shared Resource, University of Minnesota , St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, United States.,Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota , St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, United States
| | - Stephen S Hecht
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Chengguo Xing
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
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21
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Lai FY, Been F, Covaci A, van Nuijs ALN. Novel Wastewater-Based Epidemiology Approach Based on Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry for Assessing Population Exposure to Tobacco-Specific Toxicants and Carcinogens. Anal Chem 2017; 89:9268-9278. [PMID: 28737035 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b02052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco smoking remains an important public health issue worldwide. Assessment of exposure to tobacco-related toxicants and carcinogens at the population level is thus an essential population health indicator. This can be achieved by wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE), which relies on the analysis of biomarkers in wastewater. However, required analytical methods for the simultaneous measurement of tobacco-related toxicants and carcinogens in wastewater are not available. In this study, a new analytical procedure was developed and validated to measure tobacco-related alkaloids, carcinogens, and their metabolites in raw wastewater, including anabasine (ANABA), anatabine (ANATA), cotinine (COT), trans-3'-hydroxycotinine (COT-OH), N-nitrosoanabasine (NAB), N-nitrosoanatabine (NAT), N-nitrosonornicotine (NNN), 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL), NNAL-N-β-glucuronide, and NNAL-O-β-glucuronide. Different parameters were optimized for the solid-phase extraction procedure and instrumental analysis using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The optimized method was fully validated, resulting in acceptable within-run and between-run precision (<8% and <10% relative standard deviation, respectively) and accuracy (<9% and <13% bias, respectively). Method quantification limits were at 0.5-120 ng/L in wastewater. Target analytes were stable in wastewater at 4 and 20 °C over 24 h. The developed method was applied to wastewater samples from two Belgian cities. Average concentrations of COT, COT-OH, ANATA, ANABA, and NAT were 5200, 2600, 30, 10, and 0.6 ng/L, respectively, while NAB, NNN, NNK, and NNAL were not detected in the samples. With the developed robust analytical method, our study provided the first insight into the population exposure to both toxicants and carcinogens resulting from tobacco use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foon Yin Lai
- Toxicological Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp , Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Frederic Been
- Toxicological Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp , Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp , Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Alexander L N van Nuijs
- Toxicological Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp , Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
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22
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Schick SF, Blount BC, Jacob P, Saliba NA, Bernert JT, El Hellani A, Jatlow P, Pappas RS, Wang L, Foulds J, Ghosh A, Hecht SS, Gomez JC, Martin JR, Mesaros C, Srivastava S, St Helen G, Tarran R, Lorkiewicz PK, Blair IA, Kimmel HL, Doerschuk CM, Benowitz NL, Bhatnagar A. Biomarkers of exposure to new and emerging tobacco delivery products. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017; 313:L425-L452. [PMID: 28522563 PMCID: PMC5626373 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00343.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate and reliable measurements of exposure to tobacco products are essential for identifying and confirming patterns of tobacco product use and for assessing their potential biological effects in both human populations and experimental systems. Due to the introduction of new tobacco-derived products and the development of novel ways to modify and use conventional tobacco products, precise and specific assessments of exposure to tobacco are now more important than ever. Biomarkers that were developed and validated to measure exposure to cigarettes are being evaluated to assess their use for measuring exposure to these new products. Here, we review current methods for measuring exposure to new and emerging tobacco products, such as electronic cigarettes, little cigars, water pipes, and cigarillos. Rigorously validated biomarkers specific to these new products have not yet been identified. Here, we discuss the strengths and limitations of current approaches, including whether they provide reliable exposure estimates for new and emerging products. We provide specific guidance for choosing practical and economical biomarkers for different study designs and experimental conditions. Our goal is to help both new and experienced investigators measure exposure to tobacco products accurately and avoid common experimental errors. With the identification of the capacity gaps in biomarker research on new and emerging tobacco products, we hope to provide researchers, policymakers, and funding agencies with a clear action plan for conducting and promoting research on the patterns of use and health effects of these products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzaynn F Schick
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California;
| | | | - Peyton Jacob
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Najat A Saliba
- Department of Chemistry, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Center for the Study of Tobacco Products, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - John T Bernert
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ahmad El Hellani
- Department of Chemistry, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Center for the Study of Tobacco Products, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Peter Jatlow
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - R Steven Pappas
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Lanqing Wang
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jonathan Foulds
- Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Arunava Ghosh
- Marsico Lung Institute, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Stephen S Hecht
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - John C Gomez
- Marsico Lung Institute, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jessica R Martin
- Marsico Lung Institute, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Clementina Mesaros
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sanjay Srivastava
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology and Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Gideon St Helen
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Robert Tarran
- Marsico Lung Institute, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Pawel K Lorkiewicz
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology and Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Ian A Blair
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Heather L Kimmel
- Division of Epidemiology, Services and Prevention Research, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Claire M Doerschuk
- Marsico Lung Institute, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Neal L Benowitz
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Departments of Medicine and Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California; and
| | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology and Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
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23
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Song MA, Benowitz NL, Berman M, Brasky TM, Cummings KM, Hatsukami DK, Marian C, O'Connor R, Rees VW, Woroszylo C, Shields PG. Cigarette Filter Ventilation and its Relationship to Increasing Rates of Lung Adenocarcinoma. J Natl Cancer Inst 2017; 109:3836090. [PMID: 28525914 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djx075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The 2014 Surgeon General's Report on smoking and health concluded that changing cigarette designs have caused an increase in lung adenocarcinomas, implicating cigarette filter ventilation that lowers smoking machine tar yields. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) now has the authority to regulate cigarette design if doing so would improve public health. To support a potential regulatory action, two weight-of-evidence reviews were applied for causally relating filter ventilation to lung adenocarcinoma. Published scientific literature (3284 citations) and internal tobacco company documents contributed to causation analysis evidence blocks and the identification of research gaps. Filter ventilation was adopted in the mid-1960s and was initially equated with making a cigarette safer. Since then, lung adenocarcinoma rates paradoxically increased relative to other lung cancer subtypes. Filter ventilation 1) alters tobacco combustion, increasing smoke toxicants; 2) allows for elasticity of use so that smokers inhale more smoke to maintain their nicotine intake; and 3) causes a false perception of lower health risk from "lighter" smoke. Seemingly not supportive of a causal relationship is that human exposure biomarker studies indicate no reduction in exposure, but these do not measure exposure in the lung or utilize known biomarkers of harm. Altered puffing and inhalation may make smoke available to lung cells prone to adenocarcinomas. The analysis strongly suggests that filter ventilation has contributed to the rise in lung adenocarcinomas among smokers. Thus, the FDA should consider regulating its use, up to and including a ban. Herein, we propose a research agenda to support such an effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ae Song
- Affiliations of authors: Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University and James Cancer Hospital, Columbus, OH (MAS, MB, TMB, CM, PGS); Division of Epidemiology, The Ohio State University College of Public Health, Columbus, OH (MAS, CW); Departments of Medicine and Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California, San Francisco, CA (NLB); College of Public Health and Moritz College of Law, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH (MB); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC (KMC); Tobacco Research Programs and Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN (DH); Biochemistry and Pharmacology Department, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania, (CM); Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (RO); Center for Global Tobacco Control, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (VWR)
| | - Neal L Benowitz
- Affiliations of authors: Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University and James Cancer Hospital, Columbus, OH (MAS, MB, TMB, CM, PGS); Division of Epidemiology, The Ohio State University College of Public Health, Columbus, OH (MAS, CW); Departments of Medicine and Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California, San Francisco, CA (NLB); College of Public Health and Moritz College of Law, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH (MB); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC (KMC); Tobacco Research Programs and Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN (DH); Biochemistry and Pharmacology Department, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania, (CM); Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (RO); Center for Global Tobacco Control, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (VWR)
| | - Micah Berman
- Affiliations of authors: Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University and James Cancer Hospital, Columbus, OH (MAS, MB, TMB, CM, PGS); Division of Epidemiology, The Ohio State University College of Public Health, Columbus, OH (MAS, CW); Departments of Medicine and Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California, San Francisco, CA (NLB); College of Public Health and Moritz College of Law, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH (MB); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC (KMC); Tobacco Research Programs and Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN (DH); Biochemistry and Pharmacology Department, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania, (CM); Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (RO); Center for Global Tobacco Control, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (VWR)
| | - Theodore M Brasky
- Affiliations of authors: Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University and James Cancer Hospital, Columbus, OH (MAS, MB, TMB, CM, PGS); Division of Epidemiology, The Ohio State University College of Public Health, Columbus, OH (MAS, CW); Departments of Medicine and Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California, San Francisco, CA (NLB); College of Public Health and Moritz College of Law, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH (MB); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC (KMC); Tobacco Research Programs and Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN (DH); Biochemistry and Pharmacology Department, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania, (CM); Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (RO); Center for Global Tobacco Control, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (VWR)
| | - K Michael Cummings
- Affiliations of authors: Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University and James Cancer Hospital, Columbus, OH (MAS, MB, TMB, CM, PGS); Division of Epidemiology, The Ohio State University College of Public Health, Columbus, OH (MAS, CW); Departments of Medicine and Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California, San Francisco, CA (NLB); College of Public Health and Moritz College of Law, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH (MB); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC (KMC); Tobacco Research Programs and Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN (DH); Biochemistry and Pharmacology Department, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania, (CM); Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (RO); Center for Global Tobacco Control, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (VWR)
| | - Dorothy K Hatsukami
- Affiliations of authors: Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University and James Cancer Hospital, Columbus, OH (MAS, MB, TMB, CM, PGS); Division of Epidemiology, The Ohio State University College of Public Health, Columbus, OH (MAS, CW); Departments of Medicine and Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California, San Francisco, CA (NLB); College of Public Health and Moritz College of Law, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH (MB); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC (KMC); Tobacco Research Programs and Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN (DH); Biochemistry and Pharmacology Department, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania, (CM); Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (RO); Center for Global Tobacco Control, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (VWR)
| | - Catalin Marian
- Affiliations of authors: Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University and James Cancer Hospital, Columbus, OH (MAS, MB, TMB, CM, PGS); Division of Epidemiology, The Ohio State University College of Public Health, Columbus, OH (MAS, CW); Departments of Medicine and Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California, San Francisco, CA (NLB); College of Public Health and Moritz College of Law, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH (MB); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC (KMC); Tobacco Research Programs and Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN (DH); Biochemistry and Pharmacology Department, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania, (CM); Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (RO); Center for Global Tobacco Control, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (VWR)
| | - Richard O'Connor
- Affiliations of authors: Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University and James Cancer Hospital, Columbus, OH (MAS, MB, TMB, CM, PGS); Division of Epidemiology, The Ohio State University College of Public Health, Columbus, OH (MAS, CW); Departments of Medicine and Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California, San Francisco, CA (NLB); College of Public Health and Moritz College of Law, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH (MB); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC (KMC); Tobacco Research Programs and Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN (DH); Biochemistry and Pharmacology Department, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania, (CM); Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (RO); Center for Global Tobacco Control, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (VWR)
| | - Vaughan W Rees
- Affiliations of authors: Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University and James Cancer Hospital, Columbus, OH (MAS, MB, TMB, CM, PGS); Division of Epidemiology, The Ohio State University College of Public Health, Columbus, OH (MAS, CW); Departments of Medicine and Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California, San Francisco, CA (NLB); College of Public Health and Moritz College of Law, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH (MB); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC (KMC); Tobacco Research Programs and Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN (DH); Biochemistry and Pharmacology Department, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania, (CM); Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (RO); Center for Global Tobacco Control, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (VWR)
| | - Casper Woroszylo
- Affiliations of authors: Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University and James Cancer Hospital, Columbus, OH (MAS, MB, TMB, CM, PGS); Division of Epidemiology, The Ohio State University College of Public Health, Columbus, OH (MAS, CW); Departments of Medicine and Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California, San Francisco, CA (NLB); College of Public Health and Moritz College of Law, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH (MB); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC (KMC); Tobacco Research Programs and Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN (DH); Biochemistry and Pharmacology Department, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania, (CM); Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (RO); Center for Global Tobacco Control, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (VWR)
| | - Peter G Shields
- Affiliations of authors: Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University and James Cancer Hospital, Columbus, OH (MAS, MB, TMB, CM, PGS); Division of Epidemiology, The Ohio State University College of Public Health, Columbus, OH (MAS, CW); Departments of Medicine and Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California, San Francisco, CA (NLB); College of Public Health and Moritz College of Law, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH (MB); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC (KMC); Tobacco Research Programs and Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN (DH); Biochemistry and Pharmacology Department, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania, (CM); Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (RO); Center for Global Tobacco Control, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (VWR)
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24
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Meyers TJ, Chang SC, Chang PY, Morgenstern H, Tashkin DP, Rao JY, Cozen W, Mack TM, Zhang ZF. Case-control study of cumulative cigarette tar exposure and lung and upper aerodigestive tract cancers. Int J Cancer 2017; 140:2040-2050. [PMID: 28164274 PMCID: PMC5552057 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The development of comprehensive measures for tobacco exposure is crucial to specify effects on disease and inform public health policy. In this population-based case-control study, we evaluated the associations between cumulative lifetime cigarette tar exposure and cancers of the lung and upper aerodigestive tract (UADT). The study included 611 incident cases of lung cancer; 601 cases of UADT cancers (oropharyngeal, laryngeal and esophageal cancers); and 1,040 cancer-free controls. We estimated lifetime exposure to cigarette tar based on tar concentrations abstracted from government cigarette records and self-reported smoking histories derived from a standardized questionnaire. We analyzed the associations for cumulative tar exposure with lung and UADT cancer, overall and according to histological subtype. Cumulative tar exposure was highly correlated with pack-years among ever smoking controls (Pearson coefficient = 0.90). The adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence limits) for the estimated effect of about 1 kg increase in tar exposure (approximately the interquartile range in all controls) was 1.61 (1.50, 1.73) for lung cancer and 1.21 (1.13, 1.29) for UADT cancers. In general, tar exposure was more highly associated with small, squamous and large cell lung cancer than adenocarcinoma. With additional adjustment for pack-years, positive associations between tar and lung cancer were evident, particularly for small cell and large cell subtypes. Therefore, incorporating the composition of tobacco carcinogens in lifetime smoking exposure may improve lung cancer risk estimation. This study does not support the claim of a null or inverse association between "low exposure" to tobacco smoke and risk of these cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis J. Meyers
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Shen-Chih Chang
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA
- Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Po-Yin Chang
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA
| | - Hal Morgenstern
- Departments of Epidemiology and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Donald P. Tashkin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jian-Yu Rao
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Pathology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Wendy Cozen
- Departments of Preventive Medicine and Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Thomas M. Mack
- Departments of Preventive Medicine and Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Zuo-Feng Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA
- Healthy and At-Risk Populations Program, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
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25
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Mahabee-Gittens EM, Merianos AL, Matt GE. Preliminary evidence that high levels of nicotine on children's hands may contribute to overall tobacco smoke exposure. Tob Control 2017; 27:217-219. [PMID: 28360145 DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2016-053602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dust and surfaces are important sources of lead and pesticide exposure in young children. The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate if third-hand smoke (THS) pollutants accumulate on the hands of children who live in environments where tobacco is used and if hand nicotine levels are associated with second-hand smoke (SHS), as measured by salivary cotinine. METHODS Participants were parents and children (n=25; age mean (SD)=5.4 (5.3) years) presenting to the emergency department with a potentially SHS-related illness. A convenience sample of participants were recruited at baseline from an ongoing two-group, randomised controlled trial of a SHS reduction and tobacco cessation intervention. Parents were current smokers; thus, all children were at risk of SHS and THS exposure to varying extents. Primary outcome measures, which were assessed in child participants only, were hand nicotine and salivary cotinine. Parents reported sociodemographics and smoking patterns; children's medical records were abstracted for chief complaint, medical history and discharge diagnosis. RESULTS All children had detectable hand nicotine (range=18.3-690.9 ng/wipe). All but one had detectable cotinine (range=1.2-28.8 ng/mL). Multiple linear regression results showed a significant positive association between hand nicotine and cotinine (p=0.009; semipartial r2=0.24), independent of child age. DISCUSSION The higher-than-expected nicotine levels and significant association with cotinine indicate that THS may play a role in the overall exposure of young children to tobacco smoke toxicants and that hand wipes could be a useful marker of overall tobacco smoke pollution and a proxy for exposure. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02531594.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Melinda Mahabee-Gittens
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Ashley L Merianos
- School of Human Services, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Georg E Matt
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
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26
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Narayanapillai SC, Lin SH, Leitzman P, Upadhyaya P, Baglole CJ, Xing C. Dihydromethysticin (DHM) Blocks Tobacco Carcinogen 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK)-Induced O 6-Methylguanine in a Manner Independent of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) Pathway in C57BL/6 Female Mice. Chem Res Toxicol 2016; 29:1828-1834. [PMID: 27728767 PMCID: PMC6532060 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) is a key carcinogen responsible for tobacco smoke-induced lung carcinogenesis. Among the types of DNA damage caused by NNK and its metabolite, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL), O6-methylguanine (O6-mG) is likely the most carcinogen in A/J mice. Results of our previous studies showed that levels of O6-mG and other types of NNAL-derived DNA damage were preferentially reduced in the lung of female A/J mice upon dietary treatment with dihydromethysticin (DHM), a promising lung cancer chemopreventive agent from kava. Such a differential blockage may be mediated via an increased level of NNAL glucuronidation, thereby leading to its detoxification. The potential of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) as an upstream target of DHM mediating these events was evaluated herein using Ahr+/- and Ahr-/- C57BL/6 female mice because DHM was reported as an AhR agonist. DHM (0.05, 0.2, and 1.0 mg/g of diet) and dihydrokavain (DHK, an inactive analogue, 1.0 mg/g of diet) were given to mice for 7 days, followed by a single intraperitoneal dose of NNK at 100 mg/kg of body weight. The effects of DHM on the amount of O6-mG in the lung, on the urinary ratio of glucuronidated NNAL (NNAL-Gluc) and free NNAL, and on CYP1A1/2 activity in the liver microsomes were analyzed. As observed in A/J mice, DHM treatment significantly and dose-dependently reduced the level of O6-mG in the target lung tissue, but there were no significant differences in O6-mG reduction between mice from Ahr+/- and Ahr-/- backgrounds. Similarly, in both strains, DHM at 1 mg/g of diet significantly increased the urinary ratio of NNAL-Gluc to free NNAL and CYP1A1/2 enzymatic activity in liver with no changes detected at lower DHM dosages. Because none of these effects of DHM were dependent on Ahr status, AhR clearly is not the upstream target for DHM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreekanth C. Narayanapillai
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Shang-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Pablo Leitzman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Pramod Upadhyaya
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Carolyn J. Baglole
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Chengguo Xing
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
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Pérez-Ortuño R, Martínez-Sánchez JM, Fu M, Ballbè M, Quirós N, Fernández E, Pascual JA. Assessment of tobacco specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) in oral fluid as biomarkers of cancer risk: A population-based study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 151:635-641. [PMID: 27619208 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoke-free laws are expected to reduce smoking habits and exposure to secondhand smoke. The objective of this study was the measurement of tobacco specific carcinogens (TSNAs) in oral fluid to assess the most suitable biomarker of cancer risk associated with tobacco smoke. METHODS TSNAs, N'-nitrosonornicotine (NNN), 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL), as well as nicotine and cotinine were measured in oral fluid samples from 166 smokers and 532 non-smokers of the adult population of Barcelona, Spain. A simple method with an alkaline single liquid-liquid extraction with dichloromethane/isopropanol was used and lower limits of quantification for cotinine, NNN, NNK and NNAL were set at 0.10ng/mL, 1.0, 2.0 and 0.50pg/mL respectively. The NNN/cotinine ratio was also calculated. RESULTS NNN was the most abundant TSNA present in oral fluid with a significant difference between smokers and non-smokers (mean concentrations of 118 and 5.3pg/mL, respectively, p<0.001). NNK and NNAL were detectable in fewer samples. NNN and cotinine concentrations had a moderate correlation within both groups (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient of 0.312, p<0.001 in smokers and 0.279, p=0.022 in non-smokers). NNN/cotinine ratio was significantly higher (p<0.001) in non-smokers than in smokers, in line with equivalent findings for the NNAL/cotinine ratio in urine. CONCLUSIONS TSNAs are detectable in oral fluid of smokers and non-smokers. NNN is the most abundant, in line with its association with esophageal and oral cavity cancers. The NNN/cotinine ratio confirms the relative NNN increase in second hand smoke. Findings provide a new oral fluid biomarker of cancer risk associated with exposure to tobacco smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Pérez-Ortuño
- Group of Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience, Neurosciences Programme, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, Doctor Aiguader, 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jose M Martínez-Sánchez
- Biostatistic Unit, Department of Basic Science, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Carrer Josep Trueta s/n, 08915 Sant Cugat del Valles, Barcelona, Spain; Tobacco Control Unit, Cancer Control and Prevention Programme, Institut Català d'Oncologia, WHO Collaborating Center for Tobacco Control, Av. Granvia de L'Hospitalet 199-203, 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Cancer Control and Prevention Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Av. Granvia de L'Hospitalet 199-201, 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Marcela Fu
- Tobacco Control Unit, Cancer Control and Prevention Programme, Institut Català d'Oncologia, WHO Collaborating Center for Tobacco Control, Av. Granvia de L'Hospitalet 199-203, 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Cancer Control and Prevention Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Av. Granvia de L'Hospitalet 199-201, 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Ctra. de la Feixa llarga s/n, 08907 L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Montse Ballbè
- Tobacco Control Unit, Cancer Control and Prevention Programme, Institut Català d'Oncologia, WHO Collaborating Center for Tobacco Control, Av. Granvia de L'Hospitalet 199-203, 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Cancer Control and Prevention Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Av. Granvia de L'Hospitalet 199-201, 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Ctra. de la Feixa llarga s/n, 08907 L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Addictions Unit, Psychiatry Department, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, C. Villarroel 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Núria Quirós
- Tobacco Control Unit, Cancer Control and Prevention Programme, Institut Català d'Oncologia, WHO Collaborating Center for Tobacco Control, Av. Granvia de L'Hospitalet 199-203, 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Cancer Control and Prevention Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Av. Granvia de L'Hospitalet 199-201, 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Esteve Fernández
- Tobacco Control Unit, Cancer Control and Prevention Programme, Institut Català d'Oncologia, WHO Collaborating Center for Tobacco Control, Av. Granvia de L'Hospitalet 199-203, 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Cancer Control and Prevention Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Av. Granvia de L'Hospitalet 199-201, 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Ctra. de la Feixa llarga s/n, 08907 L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - José A Pascual
- Group of Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience, Neurosciences Programme, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, Doctor Aiguader, 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
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Yershova K, Yuan JM, Wang R, Valentin L, Watson C, Gao YT, Hecht SS, Stepanov I. Tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in cigarettes smoked by the participants of the Shanghai Cohort Study. Int J Cancer 2016; 139:1261-9. [PMID: 27163125 PMCID: PMC5152590 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Our recent studies on tobacco smoke carcinogen and toxicant biomarkers and cancer risk among male smokers in the Shanghai Cohort Study showed that exposure to tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNA) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) is prospectively associated with the risk of cancer. These findings support the hypothesis that the smokers' cancer risk is a function of the dose of select tobacco carcinogens and highlight the importance of understanding the factors that affect the intake of these carcinogens by smokers. Given that tobacco constituent exposures are driven, at least in part, by the levels of these constituents in cigarette smoke, we measured mainstream smoke TSNA and PAH levels in 43 Chinese cigarette brands that participants of the Shanghai Cohort Study reported to smoke. In all brands analyzed here, mainstream smoke levels of NNN and NNK, the two carcinogenic TSNA, were generally relatively low, averaging (±SD) 16.8(±25.1) and 14.2(±9.5) ng/cigarette, respectively. The levels of PAH were comparable to those found in U.S. cigarettes, averaging 15(±9) ng/cigarette for benzo[a]pyrene, 119(±66) ng/cigarette for phenanthrene and 37(±19) ng/cigarette for pyrene. Our findings indicate that the generally low levels of NNN and NNK are most likely responsible for the relatively low levels of the corresponding biomarkers in the urine of the Shanghai Cohort Study participants as compared to those found in the U.S. smokers, supporting the role of the levels of these constituents in cigarette smoke in smokers' exposures. Our findings also suggest that, in addition to smoking, other sources contribute to Chinese smokers' exposure to PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina Yershova
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 2231 Sixth Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Jian-Min Yuan
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, 5150 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15232, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
| | - Renwei Wang
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, 5150 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15232, USA
| | - Liza Valentin
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Clifford Watson
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yu-Tang Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Stephen S. Hecht
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 2231 Sixth Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Irina Stepanov
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 2231 Sixth Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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Narayanapillai SC, von Weymarn LB, Carmella SG, Leitzman P, Paladino J, Upadhyaya P, Hecht SS, Murphy SE, Xing C. Dietary Dihydromethysticin Increases Glucuronidation of 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-Pyridyl)-1-Butanol in A/J Mice, Potentially Enhancing Its Detoxification. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 44:422-7. [PMID: 26744252 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.115.068387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Effective chemopreventive agents are needed against lung cancer, the leading cause of cancer death. Results from our previous work showed that dietary dihydromethysticin (DHM) effectively blocked initiation of lung tumorigenesis by 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) in A/J mice, and it preferentially reduced 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL)-derived DNA adducts in lung. This study explored the mechanism(s) responsible for DHM's differential effects on NNK/NNAL-derived DNA damage by quantifying their metabolites in A/J mice. The results showed that dietary DHM had no effect on NNK or NNAL abundance in vivo, indicating that DHM does not affect NNAL formation from NNK. DHM had a minimal effect on cytochrome P450 2A5 (CYP2A5, which catalyzes NNK and NNAL bioactivation in A/J mouse lung), suggesting that it does not inhibit NNAL bioactivation. Dietary DHM significantly increased O-glucuronidated NNAL (NNAL-O-gluc) in A/J mice. Lung and liver microsomes from dietary DHM-treated mice showed enhanced activities for NNAL O-glucuronidation. These results overall support the notion that dietary DHM treatment increases NNAL detoxification, potentially accounting for its chemopreventive efficacy against NNK-induced lung tumorigenesis in A/J mice. The ratio of urinary NNAL-O-gluc and free NNAL may serve as a biomarker to facilitate the clinical evaluation of DHM-based lung cancer chemopreventive agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreekanth C Narayanapillai
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy (S.C.N., P.L., J.P., C.X.), Masonic Cancer Center (L.B.W., S.G.C., P.U., S.S.H., S.E.M.), and Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics (L.B.W., S.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Linda B von Weymarn
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy (S.C.N., P.L., J.P., C.X.), Masonic Cancer Center (L.B.W., S.G.C., P.U., S.S.H., S.E.M.), and Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics (L.B.W., S.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Steven G Carmella
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy (S.C.N., P.L., J.P., C.X.), Masonic Cancer Center (L.B.W., S.G.C., P.U., S.S.H., S.E.M.), and Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics (L.B.W., S.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Pablo Leitzman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy (S.C.N., P.L., J.P., C.X.), Masonic Cancer Center (L.B.W., S.G.C., P.U., S.S.H., S.E.M.), and Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics (L.B.W., S.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Jordan Paladino
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy (S.C.N., P.L., J.P., C.X.), Masonic Cancer Center (L.B.W., S.G.C., P.U., S.S.H., S.E.M.), and Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics (L.B.W., S.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Pramod Upadhyaya
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy (S.C.N., P.L., J.P., C.X.), Masonic Cancer Center (L.B.W., S.G.C., P.U., S.S.H., S.E.M.), and Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics (L.B.W., S.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Stephen S Hecht
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy (S.C.N., P.L., J.P., C.X.), Masonic Cancer Center (L.B.W., S.G.C., P.U., S.S.H., S.E.M.), and Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics (L.B.W., S.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Sharon E Murphy
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy (S.C.N., P.L., J.P., C.X.), Masonic Cancer Center (L.B.W., S.G.C., P.U., S.S.H., S.E.M.), and Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics (L.B.W., S.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Chengguo Xing
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy (S.C.N., P.L., J.P., C.X.), Masonic Cancer Center (L.B.W., S.G.C., P.U., S.S.H., S.E.M.), and Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics (L.B.W., S.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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Kotandeniya D, Carmella SG, Pillsbury ME, Hecht SS. Combined analysis of N'-nitrosonornicotine and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol in the urine of cigarette smokers and e-cigarette users. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 1007:121-6. [PMID: 26595795 PMCID: PMC4697455 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI(+)-MS/MS) method for the analysis of the tobacco-specific carcinogens N'-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) and their glucuronides (total NNN and total NNAL) in human urine was developed. The method has excellent accuracy and intra-day and inter-day precision, and limits of quantitation of 0.015 and 0.075pmol/mL urine, respectively, for total NNN and total NNAL. A unique aspect of this method is internal assessment of possible artifactual formation of NNN by inclusion of the monitor amine [pyridine-D4]nornicotine. We found that artifactual formation of NNN comprised only 2.5% of the measured amounts of total NNN in urine of cigarette smokers, under our conditions using ammonium sulfamate as an inhibitor of nitrosation. The method was applied to urine samples from cigarette smokers and e-cigarette users. Levels of total NNN and total NNAL in the urine of cigarette smokers averaged 0.060±0.035pmol/mL and 2.41±1.41pmol/mL urine, (N=38), respectively, which were both significantly greater than in the urine of 27 e-cigarette users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steven G Carmella
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Makenzie E Pillsbury
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Stephen S Hecht
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States.
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31
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Das A, Bortner JD, Aliaga C, Cooper T, Stanley A, Stanley BA, Belani CP, El-Bayoumy K. Proteomic profiling of hyperplasia/atypia and adenoma-induced by NNK in mouse lung identified multiple proteins as potential biomarkers for early detection. EUPA OPEN PROTEOMICS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.euprot.2015.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Moon KA, Magid H, Torrey C, Rule AM, Ferguson J, Susan J, Sun Z, Abubaker S, Levshin V, Çarkoğlu A, Radwan GN, El-Rabbat M, Cohen J, Strickland P, Navas-Acien A, Breysse PN. Secondhand smoke in waterpipe tobacco venues in Istanbul, Moscow, and Cairo. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2015; 142:568-74. [PMID: 26298558 PMCID: PMC4609287 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2015.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The prevalence of waterpipe tobacco smoking has risen in recent decades. Controlled studies suggest that waterpipe secondhand smoke (SHS) contains similar or greater quantities of toxicants than cigarette SHS, which causes significant morbidity and mortality. Few studies have examined SHS from waterpipe tobacco in real-world settings. The purpose of this study was to quantify SHS exposure levels and describe the characteristics of waterpipe tobacco venues. METHODS In 2012-2014, we conducted cross-sectional surveys of 46 waterpipe tobacco venues (9 in Istanbul, 17 in Moscow, and 20 in Cairo). We administered venue questionnaires, conducted venue observations, and sampled indoor air particulate matter (PM2.5) (N=35), carbon monoxide (CO) (N=23), particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (p-PAHs) (N=31), 4-methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) (N=43), and air nicotine (N=46). RESULTS Venue characteristics and SHS concentrations were highly variable within and between cities. Overall, we observed a mean (standard deviation (SD)) of 5 (5) waterpipe smokers and 5 (3) cigarette smokers per venue. The overall median (25th percentile, 75th percentile) of venue mean air concentrations was 136 (82, 213) µg/m(3) for PM2.5, 3.9 (1.7, 22) ppm for CO, 68 (33, 121) ng/m(3) for p-PAHs, 1.0 (0.5, 1.9) ng/m(3) for NNK, and 5.3 (0.7, 14) µg/m(3) for nicotine. PM2.5, CO, and p-PAHs concentrations were generally higher in venues with more waterpipe smokers and cigarette smokers, although associations were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION High concentrations of SHS constituents known to cause health effects indicate that indoor air quality in waterpipe tobacco venues may adversely affect the health of employees and customers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Moon
- Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Hoda Magid
- Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christine Torrey
- Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ana M Rule
- Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jacqueline Ferguson
- Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jolie Susan
- Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zhuolu Sun
- Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Salahaddin Abubaker
- Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Joanna Cohen
- Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Paul Strickland
- Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ana Navas-Acien
- Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Patrick N Breysse
- Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Ino T, Kurosawa K. Screening for secondhand smoke in schoolchildren in Japan. Pediatr Int 2015; 57:961-7. [PMID: 25808130 DOI: 10.1111/ped.12630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is no systematic screening for secondhand smoke exposure in children. METHODS In 2002, we began a secondhand smoke screening (SSS) program for grade 4 elementary schoolchildren with the cooperation of public administration. The SSS program consisted of urinary cotinine measurement in children and a questionnaire survey of their parents. RESULTS More than 1200 schoolchildren were enrolled in this program annually. The level of urinary cotinine in 30% of the children was >5 ng/mL, whereas in half of them it was undetectable. The major risk factor affecting cotinine level was mother's smoking. Average cotinine was significantly high in children who had a history of "short stature", "decayed tooth and/or periodontal disease," and "frequent stridor". In addition, the highest level of cotinine was detected in children whose father and/or mother smoked in the living room and the lowest level of cotinine was detected in children whose father and/or mother smoked on the veranda or outside the door. These levels, however, were two-fivefold higher than in children whose parents did not smoke. On follow-up questionnaire survey 4 years after initial SSS, significant elevated motivation for smoking cessation was noted. CONCLUSIONS The SSS program is a very simple mass screen that can be done using only a urine test and is very effective for motivating parents to stop smoking with regard to cost benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Ino
- Gunma Paz College, Faculty of Health Science, Takasaki, Gunma.,Ino Clinic, Kumagaya, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kazuo Kurosawa
- Gunma Paz College, Faculty of Health Science, Takasaki, Gunma
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Upadhyaya P, Hecht SS. Quantitative analysis of 3'-hydroxynorcotinine in human urine. Nicotine Tob Res 2015; 17:524-9. [PMID: 25324430 PMCID: PMC4402357 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntu206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Based on previous metabolism studies carried out in patas monkeys, we hypothesized that urinary 3'-hydroxynorcotinine could be a specific biomarker for uptake and metabolism of the carcinogen N'-nitrosonornicotine in people who use tobacco products. METHODS We developed a method for quantitation of 3'-hydroxynorcotinine in human urine. [Pyrrolidinone-(13)C4]3'-hydroxynorcotinine was added to urine as an internal standard, the samples were treated with β-glucuronidase, partially purified by solid supported liquid extraction and quantified by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS The method was accurate (average accuracy = 102%) and precise (coefficient of variation = 5.6%) in the range of measurement. 3'-Hydroxynorcotinine was detected in 48 urine samples from smokers (mean 393±287 pmol/ml urine) and 12 samples from individuals who had stopped smoking and were using the nicotine patch (mean 658±491 pmol/ml urine), but not in any of 10 samples from nonsmokers. CONCLUSIONS Since the amounts of 3'-hydroxynorcotinine found in smokers' urine were approximately 50 times greater than the anticipated daily dose of N'-nitrosonornicotine, we concluded that it is a metabolite of nicotine or one of its metabolites, comprising perhaps 1% of nicotine intake in smokers. Therefore, it would not be suitable as a specific biomarker for uptake and metabolism of N'-nitrosonornicotine. Since 3'-hydroxynorcotinine has never been previously reported as a constituent of human urine, further studies are required to determine its source and mode of formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephen S Hecht
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
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Balbo S, Johnson CS, Kovi RC, James-Yi SA, O'Sullivan MG, Wang M, Le CT, Khariwala SS, Upadhyaya P, Hecht SS. Carcinogenicity and DNA adduct formation of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone and enantiomers of its metabolite 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol in F-344 rats. Carcinogenesis 2014; 35:2798-806. [PMID: 25269804 PMCID: PMC4247520 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgu204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) is metabolized to enantiomers of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL), found in the urine of virtually all people exposed to tobacco products. We assessed the carcinogenicity in male F-344 rats of (R)-NNAL (5 ppm in drinking water), (S)-NNAL (5 ppm), NNK (5 ppm) and racemic NNAL (10 ppm) and analyzed DNA adduct formation in lung and pancreas of these rats after 10, 30, 50 and 70 weeks of treatment. All test compounds induced a high incidence of lung tumors, both adenomas and carcinomas. NNK and racemic NNAL were most potent; (R)-NNAL and (S)-NNAL had equivalent activity. Metastasis was observed from primary pulmonary carcinomas to the pancreas, particularly in the racemic NNAL group. DNA adducts analyzed were O (2)-[4-(3-pyridyl)-4-oxobut-1-yl]thymidine (O (2)-POB-dThd), 7-[4-(3-pyridyl)-4-oxobut-1-yl]guanine(7-POB-Gua),O (6)-[4-(3-pyridyl)-4-oxobut-1-yl]deoxyguanosine(O (6)-POB-dGuo),the 4-(3-pyridyl)-4-hydroxybut-1-yl(PHB)adductsO (2)-PHB-dThd and 7-PHB-Gua, O (6)-methylguanine (O (6)-Me-Gua) and 4-hydroxy-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (HPB)-releasing adducts. Adduct levels significantly decreased with time in the lungs of rats treated with NNK. Pulmonary POB-DNA adducts and O (6)-Me-Gua were similar in rats treated with NNK and (S)-NNAL; both were significantly greater than in the (R)-NNAL rats. In contrast, pulmonary PHB-DNA adduct levels were greatest in the rats treated with (R)-NNAL. Total pulmonary DNA adduct levels were similar in (S)-NNAL and (R)-NNAL rats. Similar trends were observed for DNA adducts in the pancreas, but adduct levels were significantly lower than in the lung. The results of this study clearly demonstrate the potent pulmonary carcinogenicity of both enantiomers of NNAL in rats and provide important new information regarding DNA damage by these compounds in lung and pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Balbo
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Charles S Johnson
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Ramesh C Kovi
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Sandra A James-Yi
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | | | - Mingyao Wang
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Chap T Le
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Samir S Khariwala
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Pramod Upadhyaya
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Stephen S Hecht
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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36
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Affiliation(s)
- David M. Burns
- Family
and Preventive Medicine, UCSD School of Medicine, 1120 Solana
Drive, Del Mar, California 92014, United States
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