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Soliman Wadan AH, Abdelsattar Ahmed M, Hussein Ahmed A, El-Sayed Ellakwa D, Hamed Elmoghazy N, Gawish A. The Interplay of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Oral Diseases: Recent Updates in Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Implications. Mitochondrion 2024; 78:101942. [PMID: 39111357 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2024.101942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is linked to various systemic and localized diseases, including oral diseases like periodontitis, oral cancer, and temporomandibular joint disorders. This paper explores the intricate mechanisms underlying mitochondrial dysfunction in oral pathologies, encompassing oxidative stress, inflammation, and impaired energy metabolism. Furthermore, it elucidates the bidirectional relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and oral diseases, wherein the compromised mitochondrial function exacerbates disease progression, while oral pathologies, in turn, exacerbate mitochondrial dysfunction. Understanding these intricate interactions offers insights into novel therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondrial function for managing oral diseases. This paper pertains to the mechanisms underlying mitochondrial dysfunction, its implications in various oral pathological and inflammatory conditions, and emerging versatile treatment approaches. It reviews current therapeutic strategies to mitigate mitochondrial dysfunction, including antioxidants, mitochondrial-targeted agents, and metabolic modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Al-Hassan Soliman Wadan
- Faculty of Dentistry, Sinai University, Arish Branch, North Sinai, Egypt; Sinai University Research Center (SURC), Sinai University, North Sinai, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Abdelsattar Ahmed
- Faculty of Dentistry, Sinai University, Kantra Branch, Ismailia, Egypt; Sinai University Research Center (SURC), Sinai University, North Sinai, Egypt
| | - Abdelnaser Hussein Ahmed
- Faculty of Dentistry, Sinai University, Arish Branch, North Sinai, Egypt; Sinai University Research Center (SURC), Sinai University, North Sinai, Egypt
| | - Doha El-Sayed Ellakwa
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, Kantra Branch, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Nourhan Hamed Elmoghazy
- Faculty of Dentistry, Sinai University, Arish Branch, North Sinai, Egypt; Sinai University Research Center (SURC), Sinai University, North Sinai, Egypt
| | - Abeer Gawish
- Faculty of Dentistry, Sinai University, Arish Branch, North Sinai, Egypt; Sinai University Research Center (SURC), Sinai University, North Sinai, Egypt; Faculty of Graduate Studies, Sinai University, Arish Branche, North Sinai, Egypt; Oral Medicine, Periodontology, Diagnosis and Radiology Department, Al Azhar University, Egypt
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Amorim R, Soares P, Chavarria D, Benfeito S, Cagide F, Teixeira J, Oliveira PJ, Borges F. Decreasing the burden of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: From therapeutic targets to drug discovery opportunities. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 277:116723. [PMID: 39163775 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) presents a pervasive global pandemic, affecting approximately 25 % of the world's population. This grave health issue not only demands urgent attention but also stands as a significant economic concern on a global scale. The genesis of NAFLD can be primarily attributed to unhealthy dietary habits and a sedentary lifestyle, albeit certain genetic factors have also been recorded to contribute to its occurrence. NAFLD is characterized by fat accumulation in more than 5 % of hepatocytes according to histological analysis, or >5.6 % of lipid volume fraction in total liver weight in patients. The pathophysiology of NAFLD/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is multifactorial and the mechanisms underlying the progression to advanced forms remain unclear, thereby representing a challenge to disease therapy. Despite the substantial efforts from the scientific community and the large number of pre-clinical and clinical trials performed so far, only one drug was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat NAFLD/NASH specifically. This review provides an overview of available information concerning emerging molecular targets and drug candidates tested in clinical studies for the treatment of NAFLD/NASH. Improving our understanding of NAFLD pathophysiology and pharmacotherapy is crucial not only to explore new molecular targets, but also to potentiate drug discovery programs to develop new therapeutic strategies. This knowledge endeavours scientific efforts to reduce the time for achieving a specific and effective drug for NAFLD or NASH management and improve patients' quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Amorim
- CNC-UC, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; CIBB, Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Pedro Soares
- CIQUP-IMS/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniel Chavarria
- CIQUP-IMS/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia Benfeito
- CIQUP-IMS/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Cagide
- CIQUP-IMS/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - José Teixeira
- CNC-UC, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; CIBB, Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paulo J Oliveira
- CNC-UC, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; CIBB, Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Fernanda Borges
- CIQUP-IMS/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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Nie Y, Zhang Y, Liu S, Xu Z, Xia C, Du L, Yin X, Wang J. Downregulation of Sirt3 contributes to β-cell dedifferentiation via FoxO1 in type 2 diabetic mellitus. Acta Diabetol 2024; 61:485-494. [PMID: 38150004 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-023-02221-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
AIMS FoxO1 is an important factor in the β-cell differentiation in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Sirt3 is found to be involved in FoxO1 function. This study investigated the role of Sirt3 in the β-cell dedifferentiation and its mechanism. METHODS Twelve-week-old db/db mice and INS1 cells transfected with Sirt3-specific short hairpin RNA (shSirt3) were used to evaluate the dedifferentiation of β-cell. Insulin levels were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The proteins of Sirt3, T-FoxO1, Ac-FoxO1 and differentiation indexes such as NGN3, OCT4, MAFA were determined by western blot or immunofluorescence staining. The combination of Sirt3 and FoxO1 was determined by the co-immunoprecipitation assay. The transcriptional activity of FoxO1 was detected by dual luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS Both the in vivo and in vitro results showed that Sirt3 was decreased along with β-cell dedifferentiation and decreased function of insulin secretion under high glucose conditions. When Sirt3 was knocked down in INS1 cells, increased β-cell dedifferentiation and lowered insulin secretion were observed. This effect was closely related to the amount loss and the decreased deacetylation of FoxO1, which resulted in a reduction in transcriptional activity. CONCLUSION Downregulation of Sirt3 contributes to β-cell dedifferentiation in high glucose via FoxO1. Intervention of Sirt3 may be an effective approach to prevent β-cell failure in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxing Nie
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yunye Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuqing Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhi Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunya Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoxing Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianyun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, China.
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Manandhar B, Pandzic E, Deshpande N, Chen SY, Wasinger VC, Kockx M, Glaros EN, Ong KL, Thomas SR, Wilkins MR, Whan RM, Cochran BJ, Rye KA. ApoA-I Protects Pancreatic β-Cells From Cholesterol-Induced Mitochondrial Damage and Restores Their Ability to Secrete Insulin. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:e20-e38. [PMID: 38095105 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.319378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High cholesterol levels in pancreatic β-cells cause oxidative stress and decrease insulin secretion. β-cells can internalize apo (apolipoprotein) A-I, which increases insulin secretion. This study asks whether internalization of apoA-I improves β-cell insulin secretion by reducing oxidative stress. METHODS Ins-1E cells were cholesterol-loaded by incubation with cholesterol-methyl-β-cyclodextrin. Insulin secretion in the presence of 2.8 or 25 mmol/L glucose was quantified by radioimmunoassay. Internalization of fluorescently labeled apoA-I by β-cells was monitored by flow cytometry. The effects of apoA-I internalization on β-cell gene expression were evaluated by RNA sequencing. ApoA-I-binding partners on the β-cell surface were identified by mass spectrometry. Mitochondrial oxidative stress was quantified in β-cells and isolated islets with MitoSOX and confocal microscopy. RESULTS An F1-ATPase β-subunit on the β-cell surface was identified as the main apoA-I-binding partner. β-cell internalization of apoA-I was time-, concentration-, temperature-, cholesterol-, and F1-ATPase β-subunit-dependent. β-cells with internalized apoA-I (apoA-I+ cells) had higher cholesterol and cell surface F1-ATPase β-subunit levels than β-cells without internalized apoA-I (apoA-I- cells). The internalized apoA-I colocalized with mitochondria and was associated with reduced oxidative stress and increased insulin secretion. The IF1 (ATPase inhibitory factor 1) attenuated apoA-I internalization and increased oxidative stress in Ins-1E β-cells and isolated mouse islets. Differentially expressed genes in apoA-I+ and apoA-I- Ins-1E cells were related to protein synthesis, the unfolded protein response, insulin secretion, and mitochondrial function. CONCLUSIONS These results establish that β-cells are functionally heterogeneous, and apoA-I restores insulin secretion in β-cells with elevated cholesterol levels by improving mitochondrial redox balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikash Manandhar
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine (B.M., E.N.G., K.L.O., S.R.T., B.J.C., K.-A.R.), UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Elvis Pandzic
- Katharina Gaus Light Microscopy Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre (E.P., R.M.W.), UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nandan Deshpande
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences (N.D., S.-Y.C., M.R.W.), UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sing-Young Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences (N.D., S.-Y.C., M.R.W.), UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Valerie C Wasinger
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre (V.C.W.), UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Maaike Kockx
- ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Sydney, Australia (M.K.)
| | - Elias N Glaros
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine (B.M., E.N.G., K.L.O., S.R.T., B.J.C., K.-A.R.), UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kwok Leung Ong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine (B.M., E.N.G., K.L.O., S.R.T., B.J.C., K.-A.R.), UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Shane R Thomas
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine (B.M., E.N.G., K.L.O., S.R.T., B.J.C., K.-A.R.), UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Marc R Wilkins
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences (N.D., S.-Y.C., M.R.W.), UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Renee M Whan
- Katharina Gaus Light Microscopy Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre (E.P., R.M.W.), UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Blake J Cochran
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine (B.M., E.N.G., K.L.O., S.R.T., B.J.C., K.-A.R.), UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kerry-Anne Rye
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine (B.M., E.N.G., K.L.O., S.R.T., B.J.C., K.-A.R.), UNSW, Sydney, Australia
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Yoopum S, Wongmanee N, Rojanaverawong W, Rattanapunya S, Sumsakul W, Hanchang W. Mango (Mangifera indica L.) seed kernel extract suppresses hyperglycemia by modulating pancreatic β cell apoptosis and dysfunction and hepatic glucose metabolism in diabetic rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:123286-123308. [PMID: 37981611 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31066-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the anti-hyperglycemic action of mango seed kernel extract (MKE) and various mechanisms involved in its actions to improve pancreatic β cells and hepatic carbohydrate metabolism in diabetic rats. An intraperitoneal injection of 60 mg/kg of streptozotocin (STZ) followed by 30 consecutive days of treatment with MKE (250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg body weight) was used to establish a study group of diabetic rats. Using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS) for identification, 26 chemical compounds were found in MKE and the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of the MKE also revealed the existence of mangiferin, gallic acid, and quercetin. The results confirmed that in each diabetes-affected rat, MKE mitigated the heightened levels of fasting blood glucose, diabetic symptoms, glucose intolerance, total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C). As demonstrated by a remarkable increment in serum and pancreatic insulin, the diabetic pancreatic β cell function was potentiated by treating with MKE. The effect of MKE on diabetic pancreatic apoptosis clearly reduced the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL)-positive cells, which was related to diminished levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and Bax and an increase in Bcl-xL protein expression. Furthermore, diabetes-induced liver damage was clearly ameliorated along with a notable reduction in serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels and abnormal liver histology. By enhancing anti-oxidant superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, MKE alleviated diabetes-induced pancreatic and liver oxidative damage, as demonstrated by diminished levels of malondialdehyde. In minimizing the expression levels of glucose 6-phosphatase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase-1 proteins in the diabetic liver, MKE also enhanced glycogen content and hexokinase activity. Collectively, these findings indicate that by suppressing oxidative and inflammatory processes, MKE exerts a potent anti-hyperglycemic activity in diabetic rats which serve to protect pancreatic β cell apoptosis, enhance their function, and improve hepatic glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasiwat Yoopum
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
| | - Navinee Wongmanee
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
| | - Worarat Rojanaverawong
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
| | - Siwalee Rattanapunya
- Public Health Department, Science and Technology Faculty, Chiang Mai Rajabhat University, Chiang Mai, 50300, Thailand
| | - Wiriyaporn Sumsakul
- Expert Centre of Innovative Herbal Products, Institute of Scientific and Technology Research, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Wanthanee Hanchang
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand.
- Centre of Excellence in Medical Biotechnology, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand.
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López-Lluch G. Coenzyme Q-related compounds to maintain healthy mitochondria during aging. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2023; 136:277-308. [PMID: 37437981 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2023.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the main factors that affects aging progression and many age-related diseases. Accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria can be driven by unbalanced mito/autophagy or by decrease in mitochondrial biosynthesis and turnover. Coenzyme Q is an essential component of the mitochondrial electron transport chain and a key factor in the protection of membrane and mitochondrial DNA against oxidation. Coenzyme Q levels decay during aging and this can be considered an accelerating factor in mitochondrial dysfunction and aging progression. Supplementation with coenzyme Q is successful for some tissues and organs but not for others. For this reason, the role of coenzyme Q in systemic aging is a complex picture that needs different strategies depending on the organ considered the main objective to be addressed. In this chapter we focus on the different effects of coenzyme Q and related compounds and the probable strategies to induce endogenous synthesis to maintain healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo López-Lluch
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, CABD-CSIC, CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain.
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Salau VF, Erukainure OL, Olofinsan KO, Bharuth V, Ijomone OM, Islam MS. Ferulic acid improves glucose homeostasis by modulation of key diabetogenic activities and restoration of pancreatic architecture in diabetic rats. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2023; 37:324-339. [PMID: 36541946 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
There are increasing concerns on the rising cases of diabetes mellitus with type 2 diabetes (T2D) being of major interest as well as the cost of its treatment. Plant phenolic compounds are natural and potent antioxidants that have been widely reported for their antidiabetic activities properties, one of which is ferulic acid. The effect of ferulic acid (FA) on major diabetogenic activities and pancreatic architecture linked to T2D was investigated in T2D rats. T2D was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats using the fructose-streptozotocin model. Diabetic rats were treated with FA at 150 or 300 mg/kg bodyweight (bw). Normal control consisted of rats administered with food and water, while diabetic control consisted of untreated diabetic rats. Metformin was used as the standard drug. The rats were humanely sacrificed after 5 weeks of treatment. Their blood, liver, and pancreas were collected for analysis. Total glycogen content and carbohydrate metabolic enzymes activities were analyzed in the liver, while the pancreas and serum from blood were analyzed for oxidative stress biomarkers, purinergic and cholinergic enzyme activities, and amylase and lipase activities. The pancreatic tissue was further subjected to microscopic and histological examinations. FA caused a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in blood glucose level, with concomitant increase in serum insulin level. Treatment with FA also led to elevated levels of GSH, HDL-c, SOD, and catalase activities, while concomitantly suppressing malondialdehyde, cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-c, NO, ALT, AST, creatinine, urea, and uric acid levels, acetylcholinesterase, ATPase, ENTPDase, 5'-nucleotidase, lipase, glycogen phosphorylase, glucose-6-phosphatase, and fructose-1,6-biphosphatase activities. Histology analysis revealed an intact pancreatic morphology in FA-treated diabetic rats. While transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis revealed an intact pancreatic ultrastructure and increased number of insulin granules in β-cells. Taken together, these results portray that the antidiabetic potentials of ferulic acid involves modulation of major diabetogenic activities and maintenance of the pancreatic ultrastructure architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica F Salau
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, (Westville Campus), Durban, South Africa.,Department of Pharmacology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Ochuko L Erukainure
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Kolawole O Olofinsan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, (Westville Campus), Durban, South Africa
| | - Vishal Bharuth
- Microscopy and Microanalysis Unit, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa
| | | | - Md Shahidul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, (Westville Campus), Durban, South Africa
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Galetaki DM, Cai CL, Bhatia KS, Chin V, Aranda JV, Beharry KD. Biomarkers of growth and carbohydrate metabolism in neonatal rats supplemented with fish oil and/or antioxidants during intermittent hypoxia. Growth Horm IGF Res 2023; 68:101513. [PMID: 36427361 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2022.101513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Extremely low gestational age neonates (ELGANs) experience frequent intermittent hypoxia (IH) episodes during therapeutic oxygen. ELGANs exhibit poor postnatal growth requiring lipid supplementation. Lipids are targets of reactive oxygen species resulting in lipid peroxidation and cell death, particularly in preterm infants with compromised antioxidant systems. We tested the hypothesis that early supplementation with lipids and/or antioxidants promotes growth and influences biomarkers of carbohydrate metabolism in neonatal rats exposed to IH. DESIGN Newborn rats (n = 18/group) were exposed to brief hypoxia (12% O2) during hyperoxia (50% O2), or room air (RA), from birth (P0) to P14 during which they received daily oral supplementation with: 1) fish oil; 2) Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) in olive oil; 3) glutathione nanoparticles (nGSH); 4) fish oil+CoQ10; or 5) olive oil. At P21, plasma samples were assessed for glucose, insulin, glucokinase (GCK), glucagon, glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1, growth hormone (GH), corticosterone, and ghrelin. Liver was assessed for histopathology, apoptosis (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling, TUNEL stain), and GH, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, GH binding protein (GHBP), and IGF binding protein (IGFBP)-3. RESULTS Neonatal IH resulted in decreased liver weight and liver/body weight ratios, as well as hepatocyte swelling, steatosis, and apoptosis, which were attenuated with fish oil, nGSH, and combined fish oil+CoQ10. IH also decreased plasma glucose, insulin, GCK, and ghrelin, but increased GLP-1. All treatments improved plasma glucose in IH, but insulin was higher with CoQ10 and nGSH only. Glucagon was increased with CoQ10, fish oil, and CoQ10 + fish oil, while corticosterone was higher with nGSH and CoQ10 + fish oil. IGF-I and IGFBP-3 were significantly higher in the liver with CoQ10 in IH, while deficits in GH were noted with CoQ10 and fish oil in RA and IH. Treatment with nGSH and combined CoQ10 + fish oil reduced IGF-I in RA and IH but increased IGFBP-3. CONCLUSIONS Neonatal IH impairs liver growth with significant hepatocyte damage. Of all supplements in IH, nGSH and combined fish oil+CoQ10 were most effective for preserving liver growth and carbohydrate metabolism. Data suggest that these supplements may improve poor postnatal organ and body growth; and metabolic dysfunction associated with neonatal IH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despoina Myrsini Galetaki
- Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Charles L Cai
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Kulsajan S Bhatia
- Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Vivian Chin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Jacob V Aranda
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA; SUNY Eye Institute, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Kay D Beharry
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA; SUNY Eye Institute, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
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Ye W, Wen C, Zeng A, Hu X. Increased levels of circulating oxidized mitochondrial DNA contribute to chronic inflammation in metabolic syndrome, and MitoQ-based antioxidant therapy alleviates this DNA-induced inflammation. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023; 560:111812. [PMID: 36334615 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2022.111812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Here, the aim was to investigate the role of circulating oxidized mitochondrial DNA (ox-mtDNA) in metabolic syndrome (MetS)-associated chronic inflammation and evaluate the effect of Mito-Quinone (MitoQ)-based antioxidant therapy on inflammation. A total of 112 MetS patients and 111 healthy control individuals (HCs) were recruited. Peripheral blood was collected, and mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were separated. In a preclinical study, MitoQ, a mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant, was administered to Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD). In vitro, H2O2- or MitoQ-treated HUVECs served as the oxidative or antioxidative cell models to detect the cell-free ox-mtDNA level. Plasma or cell-free ox-mtDNA levels were measured by qPCR. Additionally, THP-1 cells were incubated with plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) from MetS patients and HCs or cell-free ox-mtDNA to detect TLR9-NF-κB pathway activation. Plasma ox-mtDNA levels and TLR9 expression levels in PBMCs were increased in MetS patients. In vivo, HFD-fed rats showed elevated plasma ox-mtDNA and TLR9 expression levels in cardiac-residing immune cells, but MitoQ administration attenuated these increases. In vitro, a significant lower level of cell-free ox-mtDNA was detected in MitoQ-treated cells, compared with H2O2-treated cells. Coincubation of plasma cfDNA from MetS patients or cell-free ox-mtDNA and THP-1 cells increased TLR9-NF-κB p65 expression, and promoted IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 secretion in THP-1 cells. In conclusion, increased circulating ox-mtDNA contributes to chronic inflammation in MetS by activating the TLR9-NF-κB pathway. MitoQ-based antioxidant therapy effectively alleviates inflammation by reducing ox-mtDNA release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ye
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China.
| | - Chaowei Wen
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Aibing Zeng
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Xingzhong Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Dingli Clinical School of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
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10
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Gold Nanoparticles Supported on Ceria Nanoparticles Modulate Leukocyte–Endothelium Cell Interactions and Inflammation in Type 2 Diabetes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11112297. [DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Gold-ceria nanoparticles (Au/CeO2) are known to have antioxidant properties. However, whether these nanoparticles can provide benefits in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) remains unknown. This work aimed to study the effects of Au/CeO2 nanoparticles at different rates of gold purity (10, 4.4, 1.79 and 0.82) on leukocyte–endothelium interactions and inflammation in T2D patients. Anthropometric and metabolic parameters, leukocyte–endothelium interactions, ROS production and NF-κB expression were assessed in 57 T2D patients and 51 healthy subjects. T2D patients displayed higher Body Mass Index (BMI) and characteristic alterations in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. ROS production was increased in leukocytes of T2D patients and decreased by Au/CeO2 at 0.82% gold. Interestingly, Au/CeO2 0.82% modulated leukocyte–endothelium interactions (the first step in the atherosclerotic process) by increasing leukocyte rolling velocity and decreasing rolling flux and adhesion in T2D. A static adhesion assay also revealed diminished leukocyte–endothelium interactions by Au/CeO2 0.82% treatment. NF-κB (p65) levels increased in T2D patients and were reduced by Au/CeO2 treatment. Cell proliferation, viability, and apoptosis assays demonstrated no toxicity produced by Au/CeO2 nanoparticles. These results demonstrate that Au/CeO2 nanoparticles at 0.82% exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions in the leukocyte–endothelium interaction of T2D patients, suggesting a protective role against the appearance of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases when this condition exists.
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11
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O’Malley Y, Coleman MC, Sun X, Lei J, Yao J, Pulliam CF, Kluz P, McCormick ML, Yi Y, Imai Y, Engelhardt JF, Norris AW, Spitz DR, Uc A. Oxidative stress and impaired insulin secretion in cystic fibrosis pig pancreas. ADVANCES IN REDOX RESEARCH 2022; 5:100040. [PMID: 35903252 PMCID: PMC9328447 DOI: 10.1016/j.arres.2022.100040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD) is one the most common comorbidities in cystic fibrosis (CF). Pancreatic oxidative stress has been postulated in the pathogenesis of CFRD, but no studies have been done to show an association. The main obstacle is the lack of suitable animal models and no immediate availability of pancreas tissue in humans. In the CF porcine model, we found increased pancreatic total glutathione (GSH), glutathione disulfide (GSSG), 3-nitrotyrosine- and 4-hydroxynonenal-modified proteins, and decreased copper zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) activity, all indicative of oxidative stress. CF pig pancreas demonstrated increased DHE oxidation (as a surrogate marker of superoxide) in situ compared to non-CF and this was inhibited by a SOD-mimetic (GC4401). Catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities were not different between CF and non-CF pancreas. Isolated CF pig islets had significantly increased DHE oxidation, peroxide production, reduced insulin secretion in response to high glucose and diminished secretory index compared to non-CF islets. Acute treatment with apocynin or an SOD mimetic failed to restore insulin secretion. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that CF pig pancreas is under significant oxidative stress as a result of increased O2 ●- and peroxides combined with reduced antioxidant defenses against reactive oxygen species (ROS). We speculate that insulin secretory defects in CF may be due to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxia O’Malley
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Mitchell C. Coleman
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Xingshen Sun
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Junying Lei
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Jianrong Yao
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Casey F. Pulliam
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Paige Kluz
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Michael L. McCormick
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Yaling Yi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Yumi Imai
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - John F. Engelhardt
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Andrew W. Norris
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Douglas R. Spitz
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Aliye Uc
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
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12
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Banerjee P, Saha I, Sarkar D, Maiti AK. Contributions and Limitations of Mitochondria-Targeted and Non-Targeted Antioxidants in the Treatment of Parkinsonism: an Updated Review. Neurotox Res 2022; 40:847-873. [PMID: 35386026 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-022-00501-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
As conventional therapeutics can only treat the symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD), major focus of research in recent times is to slow down or prevent the progression of neuronal degeneration in PD. Non-targeted antioxidants have been an integral part of the conventional therapeutics regimen; however, their importance have lessened over time because of their controversial outcomes in clinical PD trials. Inability to permeate and localize within the mitochondria remains the main drawback on the part of non-targeted antioxidants inspite of possessing free radical scavenging properties. In contrast, mitochondrial-targeted antioxidants (MTAs), a special class of compounds have emerged having high advantages over non-targeted antioxidants by virtue of efficient pharmacokinetics and better absorption rate with capability to localize many fold inside the mitochondrial matrix. Preclinical experimentations indicate that MTAs have the potential to act as better alternatives compared to conventional non-targeted antioxidants in treating PD; however, sufficient clinical trials have not been conducted to investigate the efficacies of MTAs in treating PD. Controversial clinical outcomes on the part of non-targeted antioxidants and lack of clinical trials involving MTAs have made it difficult to go ahead with a direct comparison and in turn have slowed down the progress of development of safer and better alternate strategies in treating PD. This review provides an insight on the roles MTAs and non-targeted antioxidants have played in the treatment of PD till date in preclinical and clinical settings and discusses about the limitations of mitochondria-targeted and non-targeted antioxidants that can be resolved for developing effective strategies in treating Parkinsonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyajit Banerjee
- Department of Zoology, University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal, Pin-713104, India
| | - Ishita Saha
- Department of Physiology, Medical College Kolkata, Kolkata, West Bengal, Pin-700073, India
| | - Diptendu Sarkar
- Department of Microbiology, Ramakrishna Mission Vidyamandira, Belur Math, Howrah, West Bengal, 711202, India
| | - Arpan Kumar Maiti
- Mitochondrial Biology and Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of North Bengal, District - Darjeeling, P.O. N.B.U, Raja Rammohunpur, West Bengal, Pin-734013, India.
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13
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Shivarudrappa AH, Sharan K, Ponesakki G. Lutein activates downstream signaling pathways of unfolded protein response in hyperglycemic ARPE-19 cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 914:174663. [PMID: 34861209 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We have earlier demonstrated that lutein effectively prevents hyperglycemia generated sustained oxidative stress in ARPE-19 cells by activating Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) signaling. Since evidence portrays an intricate connection between ER (endoplasmic reticulum) stress and hyperglycemia-mediated oxidative stress, we aimed to explore the protective mechanism of lutein on hyperglycemia-induced ER stress in ARPE-19 cells. To determine the effect of lutein, we probed three major downstream branches of unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling pathways using western blot, immunofluorescent and RT-PCR techniques. The data showed a reduction (38%) in protein expression of an imperative ER chaperon, BiP (binding immunoglobulin protein), in glucose-treated ARPE-19 cells. At the same time, lutein pretreatment blocked this glucose-mediated effect, leading to a significant increase in BiP expression. Lutein promoted the phosphorylation of IRE1 (inositol requiring enzyme 1) and subsequent splicing of XBP1 (X-box binding protein 1), leading to enhanced nuclear translocation. Likewise, lutein activated the expression and translocation of transcription factors, ATF6 (activating transcription factor 6) and ATF4 (activating transcription factor 4) suppressed by hyperglycemia. Lutein also increased CHOP (C/EBP-homologous protein) levels in ARPE-19 cultured under high glucose conditions. The mRNA expression study showed that lutein pretreatment upregulates downstream UPR genes HRD1 (ERAD-associated E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase HRD1), p58IPK (protein kinase inhibitor p58) compared to high glucose treatment alone. From our study, it is clear that lutein show protection against hyperglycemia-mediated ER stress in ARPE-19 cells by activating IRE1-XBP1, ATF6, and ATF4 pathways and their downstream activators. Thus, lutein may have the pharmacological potential for protection against widespread disease conditions of ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpitha Haranahalli Shivarudrappa
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysuru, 570 020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India
| | - Kunal Sharan
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysuru, 570 020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India
| | - Ganesan Ponesakki
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysuru, 570 020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India; Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI), Chennai, 600 020, India.
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14
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McCarty MF, DiNicolantonio JJ. Maintaining Effective Beta Cell Function in the Face of Metabolic Syndrome-Associated Glucolipotoxicity-Nutraceutical Options. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 10:3. [PMID: 35052168 PMCID: PMC8775473 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In people with metabolic syndrome, episodic exposure of pancreatic beta cells to elevated levels of both glucose and free fatty acids (FFAs)-or glucolipotoxicity-can induce a loss of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). This in turn can lead to a chronic state of glucolipotoxicity and a sustained loss of GSIS, ushering in type 2 diabetes. Loss of GSIS reflects a decline in beta cell glucokinase (GK) expression associated with decreased nuclear levels of the pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (PDX1) factor that drives its transcription, along with that of Glut2 and insulin. Glucolipotoxicity-induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), stemming from both mitochondria and the NOX2 isoform of NADPH oxidase, drives an increase in c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activity that promotes nuclear export of PDX1, and impairs autocrine insulin signaling; the latter effect decreases PDX1 expression at the transcriptional level and up-regulates beta cell apoptosis. Conversely, the incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) promotes nuclear import of PDX1 via cAMP signaling. Nutraceuticals that quell an increase in beta cell ROS production, that amplify or mimic autocrine insulin signaling, or that boost GLP-1 production, should help to maintain GSIS and suppress beta cell apoptosis in the face of glucolipotoxicity, postponing or preventing onset of type 2 diabetes. Nutraceuticals with potential in this regard include the following: phycocyanobilin-an inhibitor of NOX2; agents promoting mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis, such as ferulic acid, lipoic acid, melatonin, berberine, and astaxanthin; myo-inositol and high-dose biotin, which promote phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt activation; and prebiotics/probiotics capable of boosting GLP-1 secretion. Complex supplements or functional foods providing a selection of these agents might be useful for diabetes prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James J. DiNicolantonio
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, Saint Luke’s Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, MO 64111, USA
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15
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Hu K, Xiao L, Li L, Shen Y, Yang Y, Huang J, Wang Y, Zhang L, Wen S, Tang L. The mitochondria-targeting antioxidant MitoQ alleviated lipopolysaccharide/ d-galactosamine-induced acute liver injury in mice. Immunol Lett 2021; 240:24-30. [PMID: 34525396 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondria are the primary source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) under pathological condition, but the significance of mitochondrial ROS in the development of Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/D-galactosamine (D-Gal)-induced acute liver injury remains unclear. In the present study, the level of mitochondrial ROS in LPS/D-Gal has been determined by MitoSox staining and the potential roles of mitochondrial ROS in LPS/D-Gal-induced liver injury have been investigated by using the mitochondria-targeting antioxidant MitoQ. The results indicated that LPS/D-Gal exposure induced the generation of mitochondrial ROS while treatment with MitoQ reduced the level of mitochondrial ROS. Treatment with MitoQ ameliorated LPS/D-Gal-induced histopathologic abnormalities, suppressed the elevation of AST and ALT, and increased the survival rate of the experimental animals. Treatment with MitoQ also suppressed LPS/D-Gal-induced production of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), inhibited the activities of caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9, decreased the level of cleaved caspase-3 and reduced the counts of TUNEL positive cells. These results indicate that mitochondrial ROS is involved in the development of LPS-induced acute liver injury and the mitochondria-targeting antioxidant MitoQ might have potential value for the treatment of inflammation-based acute liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Hu
- Laboratory of Stem cell and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lidan Xiao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Longjiang Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Shen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongqiang Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiayi Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yaping Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Sha Wen
- Department of General medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Li Tang
- Laboratory of Stem cell and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Pathophysiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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16
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Barra JM, Kozlovskaya V, Kepple JD, Seeberger KL, Kuppan P, Hunter CS, Korbutt GS, Kharlampieva E, Tse HM. Xenotransplantation of tannic acid-encapsulated neonatal porcine islets decreases proinflammatory innate immune responses. Xenotransplantation 2021; 28:e12706. [PMID: 34245064 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Islet transplantation with neonatal porcine islets (NPIs) is a promising treatment for type 1 diabetes (T1D), but immune rejection poses a major hurdle for clinical use. Innate immune-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) synthesis can facilitate islet xenograft destruction and enhance adaptive immune responses. METHODS To suppress ROS-mediated xenograft destruction, we utilized nanothin encapsulation materials composed of multilayers of tannic acid (TA), an antioxidant, and a neutral polymer, poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVPON). We hypothesized that (PVPON/TA)-encapsulated NPIs will maintain euglycemia and dampen proinflammatory innate immune responses following xenotransplantation. RESULTS (PVPON/TA)-encapsulated NPIs were viable and glucose-responsive similar to non-encapsulated NPIs. Transplantation of (PVPON/TA)-encapsulated NPIs into hyperglycemic C57BL/6.Rag or NOD.Rag mice restored euglycemia, exhibited glucose tolerance, and maintained islet-specific transcription factor levels similar to non-encapsulated NPIs. Gene expression analysis of (PVPON/TA)-encapsulated grafts post-transplantation displayed reduced proinflammatory Ccl5, Cxcl10, Tnf, and Stat1 while enhancing alternatively activated macrophage Retnla, Arg1, and Stat6 mRNA accumulation compared with controls. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated significantly reduced innate immune infiltration, MHC-II, co-stimulatory molecule, and TNF expression with concomitant increases in arginase-1+ macrophages and dendritic cells. Similar alterations in immune responses were observed following xenotransplantation into immunocompetent NOD mice. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that (PVPON/TA) encapsulation of NPIs is an effective strategy to decrease inflammatory innate immune signals involved in NPI xenograft responses through STAT1/6 modulation without compromising islet function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie M Barra
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Veronika Kozlovskaya
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Center for Nanoscale Materials and Biointegration, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jessica D Kepple
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Karen L Seeberger
- Department of Surgery, Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Purushothaman Kuppan
- Department of Surgery, Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Chad S Hunter
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Gregory S Korbutt
- Department of Surgery, Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Eugenia Kharlampieva
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Center for Nanoscale Materials and Biointegration, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Hubert M Tse
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Center for Nanoscale Materials and Biointegration, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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17
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Byrne NJ, Rajasekaran NS, Abel ED, Bugger H. Therapeutic potential of targeting oxidative stress in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 169:317-342. [PMID: 33910093 PMCID: PMC8285002 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Even in the absence of coronary artery disease and hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM) may increase the risk for heart failure development. This risk evolves from functional and structural alterations induced by diabetes in the heart, a cardiac entity termed diabetic cardiomyopathy (DbCM). Oxidative stress, defined as the imbalance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been increasingly proposed to contribute to the development of DbCM. There are several sources of ROS production including the mitochondria, NAD(P)H oxidase, xanthine oxidase, and uncoupled nitric oxide synthase. Overproduction of ROS in DbCM is thought to be counterbalanced by elevated antioxidant defense enzymes such as catalase and superoxide dismutase. Excess ROS in the cardiomyocyte results in further ROS production, mitochondrial DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, post-translational modifications of proteins and ultimately cell death and cardiac dysfunction. Furthermore, ROS modulates transcription factors responsible for expression of antioxidant enzymes. Lastly, evidence exists that several pharmacological agents may convey cardiovascular benefit by antioxidant mechanisms. As such, increasing our understanding of the pathways that lead to increased ROS production and impaired antioxidant defense may enable the development of therapeutic strategies against the progression of DbCM. Herein, we review the current knowledge about causes and consequences of ROS in DbCM, as well as the therapeutic potential and strategies of targeting oxidative stress in the diabetic heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikole J Byrne
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Namakkal S Rajasekaran
- Cardiac Aging & Redox Signaling Laboratory, Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, Birmingham, AL, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - E Dale Abel
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Heiko Bugger
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
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18
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Saadati M, Jamali Y. The effects of beta-cell mass and function, intercellular coupling, and islet synchrony on [Formula: see text] dynamics. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10268. [PMID: 33986325 PMCID: PMC8119479 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89333-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a challenging metabolic disorder characterized by a substantial loss of [Formula: see text]-cell mass and alteration of [Formula: see text]-cell function in the islets of Langerhans, disrupting insulin secretion and glucose homeostasis. The mechanisms for deficiency in [Formula: see text]-cell mass and function during the hyperglycemia development and T2D pathogenesis are complex. To study the relative contribution of [Formula: see text]-cell mass to [Formula: see text]-cell function in T2D, we make use of a comprehensive electrophysiological model of human [Formula: see text]-cell clusters. We find that defect in [Formula: see text]-cell mass causes a functional decline in single [Formula: see text]-cell, impairment in intra-islet synchrony, and changes in the form of oscillatory patterns of membrane potential and intracellular [Formula: see text] concentration, which can lead to changes in insulin secretion dynamics and in insulin levels. The model demonstrates a good correspondence between suppression of synchronizing electrical activity and published experimental measurements. We then compare the role of gap junction-mediated electrical coupling with both [Formula: see text]-cell synchronization and metabolic coupling in the behavior of [Formula: see text] concentration dynamics within human islets. Our results indicate that inter-[Formula: see text]-cellular electrical coupling depicts a more important factor in shaping the physiological regulation of islet function and in human T2D. We further predict that varying the whole-cell conductance of delayed rectifier [Formula: see text] channels modifies oscillatory activity patterns of [Formula: see text]-cell population lacking intercellular coupling, which significantly affect [Formula: see text] concentration and insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Saadati
- Biomathematics Laboratory, Department of Applied Mathematics, School of Mathematical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yousef Jamali
- Biomathematics Laboratory, Department of Applied Mathematics, School of Mathematical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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19
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Anastasiou IA, Eleftheriadou I, Tentolouris A, Koliaki C, Kosta OA, Tentolouris N. CDATA[The Effect of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Therapies on Pancreatic β-cell Dysfunction: Results from in Vitro and in Vivo Studies. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:1328-1346. [PMID: 32452321 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200526135642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress is a hallmark of many diseases. A growing body of evidence suggests that hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress plays an important role in pancreatic β-cells dysfunction and apoptosis, as well as in the development and progression of diabetic complications. Considering the vulnerability of pancreatic β-cells to oxidative damage, the induction of endogenous antioxidant enzymes or exogenous antioxidant administration has been proposed to protect pancreatic β-cells from damage. OBJECTIVES The present review aims to provide evidence of the effect of oxidative stress and antioxidant therapies on pancreatic β-cell function, based on in vitro and in vivo studies. METHODS The MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched to retrieve available data. RESULTS Due to poor endogenous antioxidant mechanisms, pancreatic β-cells are extremely sensitive to Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Many natural extracts have been tested in vitro in pancreatic β-cell lines in terms of their antioxidant and diabetes mellitus ameliorating effects, and the majority of them have shown a dose-dependent protective role. On the other hand, there is relatively limited evidence regarding the in vitro antioxidant effects of antidiabetic drugs on pancreatic β -cells. Concerning in vivo studies, several natural extracts have shown beneficial effects in the setting of diabetes by decreasing blood glucose and lipid levels, increasing insulin sensitivity, and by up-regulating intrinsic antioxidant enzyme activity. However, there is limited evidence obtained from in vivo studies regarding antidiabetic drugs. CONCLUSION Antioxidants hold promise for developing strategies aimed at the prevention or treatment of diabetes mellitus associated with pancreatic β-cells dysfunction, as supported by in vitro and in vivo studies. However, more in vitro studies are required for drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna A Anastasiou
- Diabetes Center, First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, 17 AgiouThoma St., 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna Eleftheriadou
- Diabetes Center, First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, 17 AgiouThoma St., 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasios Tentolouris
- Diabetes Center, First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, 17 AgiouThoma St., 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Chrysi Koliaki
- Diabetes Center, First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, 17 AgiouThoma St., 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Ourania A Kosta
- Diabetes Center, First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, 17 AgiouThoma St., 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Tentolouris
- Diabetes Center, First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, 17 AgiouThoma St., 11527 Athens, Greece
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Fink BD, Yu L, Coppey L, Obrosov A, Shevalye H, Kerns RJ, Yorek MA, Sivitz WI. Effect of mitoquinone on liver metabolism and steatosis in obese and diabetic rats. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2021; 9:e00701. [PMID: 33547885 PMCID: PMC7866483 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous work by ourselves and others showed that mitoquinone (mitoQ) reduced oxidative damage and prevented hepatic fat accumulation in mice made obese with high-fat (HF) feeding. Here we extended these studies to examine the effect of mitoQ on parameters affecting liver function in rats treated with HF to induce obesity and in rats treated with HF plus streptozotocin (STZ) to model a severe form of type 2 diabetes. In prior reported work, we found that mitoQ significantly improved glycemia based on glucose tolerance data in HF rats but not in the diabetic rats. Here we found only non-significant reductions in insulin and glucose measured in the fed state at sacrifice in the HF mice treated with mitoQ. Metabolomic data showed that mitoQ altered several hepatic metabolic pathways in HF-fed obese rats toward those observed in control normal chow-fed non-obese rats. However, mitoQ had little effect on pathways observed in the diabetic rats, wherein diabetes itself induced marked pathway aberrations. MitoQ did not alter respiration or membrane potential in isolated liver mitochondria. MitoQ reduced liver fat and liver hydroperoxide levels but did not improve liver function as marked by circulating levels of aspartate and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). In summary, our results for HF-fed rats are consistent with past findings in HF-fed mice indicating decreased liver lipid hydroperoxides (LPO) and improved glycemia. However, in contrast to the HF obese mice, mitoQ did not improve glycemia or reset perturbed metabolic pathways in the diabetic rats.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Blood Glucose/drug effects
- Cell Respiration/drug effects
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diet, High-Fat
- Fatty Liver/blood
- Fatty Liver/metabolism
- Insulin/blood
- Lipid Metabolism/drug effects
- Liver/drug effects
- Liver/metabolism
- Male
- Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial/drug effects
- Metabolomics
- Mitochondria, Liver/drug effects
- Mitochondria, Liver/pathology
- Mitochondria, Liver/physiology
- Obesity/blood
- Obesity/metabolism
- Organophosphorus Compounds/pharmacology
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Ubiquinone/analogs & derivatives
- Ubiquinone/pharmacology
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D. Fink
- Department of Internal Medicine/Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismUniversity of IowaThe Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical CenterIowa CityIAUSA
| | - Liping Yu
- Department of BiochemistryNMR Core facilityUniversity of IowaIowa CityIAUSA
| | - Lawrence Coppey
- Department of Internal Medicine/Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismUniversity of IowaThe Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical CenterIowa CityIAUSA
| | - Alexander Obrosov
- Department of Internal Medicine/Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismUniversity of IowaThe Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical CenterIowa CityIAUSA
| | - Hanna Shevalye
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityIAUSA
| | - Robert J. Kerns
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental TherapeuticsUniversity of IowaIowa CityIAUSA
| | - Mark A. Yorek
- Department of Internal Medicine/Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismUniversity of IowaThe Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical CenterIowa CityIAUSA
| | - William I. Sivitz
- Department of Internal Medicine/Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismUniversity of IowaThe Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical CenterIowa CityIAUSA
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Bhatti JS, Thamarai K, Kandimalla R, Manczak M, Yin X, Kumar S, Vijayan M, Reddy PH. Mitochondria-Targeted Small Peptide, SS31 Ameliorates Diabetes Induced Mitochondrial Dynamics in Male TallyHO/JngJ Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:795-808. [PMID: 33025510 PMCID: PMC7856017 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02142-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The escalating burden of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and its related complications has become a major public health challenge worldwide. Substantial evidence indicates that T2D is one of the culprits for the high prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in diabetic subjects. This study aimed to investigate the possible mitochondrial alterations in the pancreas induced by hyperglycemia in diabetes. We used a diabetic TallyHO/JngJ (TH) and non-diabetic, SWR/J mice strains. The diabetic and non-diabetic status in animals was assessed by performing intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test at four time points, i.e., 4, 8, 16, and 24 weeks of age. We divided 24-week-old TH and SWR/J mice into 3 groups: controls, diabetic TH mice, and diabetic TH mice treated with SS31 peptide. After the treatment of male TH mice with SS31, intraperitoneally, for 4 weeks, we studied mitochondrial dynamics, biogenesis, and function. The mRNA and protein expression levels of mitochondrial proteins were evaluated using qPCR and immunoblot analysis. The diabetic mice after 24 weeks of age showed overt pancreatic injury as demonstrated by disintegration and atrophy of β cells with vacuolization and reduced islet size. Mitochondrial dysfunction was observed in TH mice, as evidenced by significantly elevated H2O2 production, lipid peroxidation, and reduced ATP production. Furthermore, mRNA expression and immunoblot analysis of mitochondrial dynamics genes were significantly affected in diabetic mice, compared with controls. However, treatment of animals with SS31 reduced mitochondrial dysfunction and restored most of the mitochondrial functions and mitochondrial dynamics processes to near normal in TH mice. In conclusion, mitochondrial dysfunction is established as one of the molecular events that occur in the pathophysiology of T2D. Further, SS31 treatment may confer protection against the mitochondrial alterations induced by hyperglycemia in diabetic TallyHO/JngJ mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasvinder Singh Bhatti
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Guru Gobind Singh College, Chandigarh, India
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA
| | - Kavya Thamarai
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA
| | - Ramesh Kandimalla
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Kakatiya Medical College, Warangal, Telangana, 506007, India
- Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India
| | - Maria Manczak
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA
| | - Xiangling Yin
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA
| | - Subodh Kumar
- Internal Medicine Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street / 4B 207, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA
| | - Murali Vijayan
- Internal Medicine Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street / 4B 207, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA.
- Internal Medicine Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street / 4B 207, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA.
- Cell Biology & Biochemistry Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street / 4B 207, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA.
- Pharmacology & Neuroscience Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street / 4B 207, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA.
- Neurology and Public Health Departments, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street / 4B 207, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA.
- Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences Departments, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street / 4B 207, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA.
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22
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Engin AB, Engin A. Protein Kinases Signaling in Pancreatic Beta-cells Death and Type 2 Diabetes. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1275:195-227. [PMID: 33539017 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-49844-3_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a worldwide serious public health problem. Insulin resistance and β-cell failure are the two major components of T2D pathology. In addition to defective endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress signaling due to glucolipotoxicity, β-cell dysfunction or β-cell death initiates the deleterious vicious cycle observed in T2D. Although the primary cause is still unknown, overnutrition that contributes to the induction of the state of low-grade inflammation, and the activation of various protein kinases-related metabolic pathways are main factors leading to T2D. In this chapter following subjects, which have critical checkpoints regarding β-cell fate and protein kinases pathways are discussed; hyperglycemia-induced β-cell failure, chronic accumulation of unfolded protein in β-cells, the effect of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling to insulin secretion, excessive saturated free fatty acid-induced β-cell apoptosis, mitophagy dysfunction, proinflammatory responses and insulin resistance, and the reprogramming of β-cell for differentiation or dedifferentiation in T2D. There is much debate about selecting proposed therapeutic strategies to maintain or enhance optimal β-cell viability for adequate insulin secretion in T2D. However, in order to achieve an effective solution in the treatment of T2D, more intensive clinical trials are required on newer therapeutic options based on protein kinases signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Basak Engin
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Atilla Engin
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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Brand MD. Riding the tiger - physiological and pathological effects of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide generated in the mitochondrial matrix. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 55:592-661. [PMID: 33148057 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2020.1828258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Elevated mitochondrial matrix superoxide and/or hydrogen peroxide concentrations drive a wide range of physiological responses and pathologies. Concentrations of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide in the mitochondrial matrix are set mainly by rates of production, the activities of superoxide dismutase-2 (SOD2) and peroxiredoxin-3 (PRDX3), and by diffusion of hydrogen peroxide to the cytosol. These considerations can be used to generate criteria for assessing whether changes in matrix superoxide or hydrogen peroxide are both necessary and sufficient to drive redox signaling and pathology: is a phenotype affected by suppressing superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production; by manipulating the levels of SOD2, PRDX3 or mitochondria-targeted catalase; and by adding mitochondria-targeted SOD/catalase mimetics or mitochondria-targeted antioxidants? Is the pathology associated with variants in SOD2 and PRDX3 genes? Filtering the large literature on mitochondrial redox signaling using these criteria highlights considerable evidence that mitochondrial superoxide and hydrogen peroxide drive physiological responses involved in cellular stress management, including apoptosis, autophagy, propagation of endoplasmic reticulum stress, cellular senescence, HIF1α signaling, and immune responses. They also affect cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, and the cell cycle. Filtering the huge literature on pathologies highlights strong experimental evidence that 30-40 pathologies may be driven by mitochondrial matrix superoxide or hydrogen peroxide. These can be grouped into overlapping and interacting categories: metabolic, cardiovascular, inflammatory, and neurological diseases; cancer; ischemia/reperfusion injury; aging and its diseases; external insults, and genetic diseases. Understanding the involvement of mitochondrial matrix superoxide and hydrogen peroxide concentrations in these diseases can facilitate the rational development of appropriate therapies.
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Yang J, Suo H, Song J. Protective role of mitoquinone against impaired mitochondrial homeostasis in metabolic syndrome. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:3857-3875. [PMID: 32815398 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1809344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria control various processes in cellular metabolic homeostasis, such as adenosine triphosphate production, generation and clearance of reactive oxygen species, control of intracellular Ca2+ and apoptosis, and are thus a critical therapeutic target for metabolic syndrome (MetS). The mitochondrial targeted antioxidant mitoquinone (MitoQ) reduces mitochondrial oxidative stress, prevents impaired mitochondrial dynamics, and increases mitochondrial turnover by promoting autophagy (mitophagy) and mitochondrial biogenesis, which ultimately contribute to the attenuation of MetS conditions, including obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension and cardiovascular disease. The regulatory effect of MitoQ on mitochondrial homeostasis is mediated through AMPK and its downstream signaling pathways, including MTOR, SIRT1, Nrf2 and NF-κB. However, there are few reviews focusing on the critical role of MitoQ as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of MetS. The purpose of this review is to summarize the mitochondrial role in the pathogenesis of MetS, especially in obesity and type 2 diabetes, and discuss the effect and underlying mechanism of MitoQ on mitochondrial homeostasis in MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Processing & Storage of Distinct Agricultural Products, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, China.,Graduate School, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huayi Suo
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiajia Song
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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25
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Zou XH, Sun LH, Yang W, Li BJ, Cui RJ. Potential role of insulin on the pathogenesis of depression. Cell Prolif 2020; 53:e12806. [PMID: 32281722 PMCID: PMC7260070 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation of insulin on depression and depression-like behaviour has been widely reported. Insulin and activation of its receptor can promote learning and memory, affect the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) balance, regulate the secretion of neurotrophic factors and neurotransmitters, interact with gastrointestinal microbiome, exert neuroprotective effects and have an impact on depression. However, the role of insulin on depression remains largely unclear. Therefore, in this review, we summarized the potential role of insulin on depression. It may provide new insight for clarifying role of insulin on the pathogenesis of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Han Zou
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Li Hua Sun
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bing Jin Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ran Ji Cui
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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26
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Alnahdi A, John A, Raza H. Mitigation of Glucolipotoxicity-Induced Apoptosis, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, and Metabolic Stress by N-Acetyl Cysteine in Pancreatic β-Cells. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10020239. [PMID: 32033264 PMCID: PMC7072690 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucolipotoxicity caused by hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia are the common features of diabetes-induced complications. Metabolic adaptation, particularly in energy metabolism; mitochondrial dysfunction; and increased inflammatory and oxidative stress responses are considered to be the main characteristics of diabetes and metabolic syndrome. However, due to various fluctuating endogenous and exogenous stimuli, the precise role of these factors under in vivo conditions is not clearly understood. In the present study, we used pancreatic β-cells, Rin-5F, to elucidate the molecular and metabolic changes in glucolipotoxicity. Cells treated with high glucose (25 mM) and high palmitic acid (up to 0.3 mM) for 24 h exhibited increased caspase/poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP)-dependent apoptosis followed by DNA fragmentation, alterations in mitochondrial membrane permeability, and bioenergetics, accompanied by alterations in glycolytic and mitochondrial energy metabolism. Our results also demonstrated alterations in the expression of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/5′ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent apoptotic and autophagy markers. Furthermore, pre-treatment of cells with 10 mM N-acetyl cysteine attenuated the deleterious effects of high glucose and high palmitic acid with improved cellular functions and survival. These results suggest that the presence of high energy metabolites enhance mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis by suppressing autophagy and adapting energy metabolism, mediated, at least in part, via enhanced oxidative DNA damage and mTOR/AMPK-dependent cell signaling.
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27
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Novel antioxidant astaxanthin-s-allyl cysteine biconjugate diminished oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction to triumph diabetes in rat model. Life Sci 2020; 245:117367. [PMID: 32001265 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The present study determines the effect of administration of novel antioxidant astaxanthin-s-allyl cysteine biconjugate (AST-SAC) against streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus (DM) in rats. MAIN METHODS AST-SAC (1 mg/kg/day) was treated against DM in rats for 45 days. The oxidative stress, antioxidants level, insulin secretion, activities of various carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes were studied. The glucose uptake in L6 myotubes was studied. In addition, in silico analysis of interaction of AST-SAC with proteins such as insulin receptor (IR) and 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) were carried out. KEY FINDINGS Administration of AST-SAC in DM rats has protected the mitochondrial function (decreased oxidative stress and normalized oxidative phosphorylation activities) and antioxidant capacity of the pancreas which has resulted in beta cells rejuvenation and insulin secretion restoration. AST-SAC decreased the alpha-glucosidases activities to bring glycemic control in DM rats. Due to these effects the glycoprotein components and lipids were restored to near normalcy in DM rats. AST-SAC protected the antioxidant status of liver, kidney and plasma; and curbed the progression of secondary complications of DM. AST-SAC treatment stimulated glucose uptake in L6 myotubes in in vitro. To support this observation, AST-SAC interacted with proteins such as IR and AMPK in silico. SIGNIFICANCE AST-SAC can be considered as "multi-target-directed ligand", that is, through these manifold effects, AST-SAC has been able to prevail over DM in rats.
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28
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Las G, Oliveira MF, Shirihai OS. Emerging roles of β-cell mitochondria in type-2-diabetes. Mol Aspects Med 2020; 71:100843. [PMID: 31918997 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2019.100843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Type-2-Diabetes (T2D) is the most common metabolic disease in the world today. It erupts as a result of peripheral insulin resistance combined with hyperinsulinemia followed by suppression of insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells. Mitochondria play a central role in β-cells by sensing glucose and also by mediating the suppression of insulin secretion in T2D. Here, we will summarize the evidence accumulated for the roles of β-cells mitochondria in T2D. We will present an updated view on how mitochondria in β-cells have been associated with T2D, from the genetic, bioenergetic, redox and structural points of view. The emerging picture is that mitochondrial structure and dysfunction directly contribute to β-cell function and in the pathogenesis of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Las
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Marcus F Oliveira
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Orian S Shirihai
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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29
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Roma LP, Jonas JC. Nutrient Metabolism, Subcellular Redox State, and Oxidative Stress in Pancreatic Islets and β-Cells. J Mol Biol 2019; 432:1461-1493. [PMID: 31634466 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Insulin-secreting pancreatic β-cells play a critical role in blood glucose homeostasis and the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in the context of insulin resistance. Based on data obtained at the whole cell level using poorly specific chemical probes, reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide have been proposed to contribute to the stimulation of insulin secretion by nutrients (positive role) and to the alterations of cell survival and secretory function in T2D (negative role). This raised the controversial hypothesis that any attempt to decrease β-cell oxidative stress and apoptosis in T2D would further impair insulin secretion. Over the last decade, the development of genetically-encoded redox probes that can be targeted to cellular compartments of interest and are specific of redox couples allowed the evaluation of short- and long-term effects of nutrients on β-cell redox changes at the subcellular level. The data indicated that the nutrient regulation of β-cell redox signaling and ROS toxicity is far more complex than previously thought and that the subcellular compartmentation of these processes cannot be neglected when evaluating the mechanisms of ROS production or the efficacy of antioxidant enzymes and antioxidant drugs under glucolipotoxic conditions and in T2D. In this review, we present what is currently known about the compartmentation of redox homeostatic systems and tools to investigate it. We then review data about the effects of nutrients on β-cell subcellular redox state under normal conditions and in the context of T2D and discuss challenges and opportunities in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia P Roma
- Universität des Saarlandes, Biophysics Department, Center for Human and Molecular Biology, Kirbergerstrasse Building 48, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Jean-Christophe Jonas
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Pole of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Avenue Hippocrate 55 (B1.55.06), B-1200 Brussels, Belgium.
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30
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Ježek P, Jabůrek M, Plecitá-Hlavatá L. Contribution of Oxidative Stress and Impaired Biogenesis of Pancreatic β-Cells to Type 2 Diabetes. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:722-751. [PMID: 30450940 PMCID: PMC6708273 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Type 2 diabetes development involves multiple changes in β-cells, related to the oxidative stress and impaired redox signaling, beginning frequently by sustained overfeeding due to the resulting lipotoxicity and glucotoxicity. Uncovering relationships among the dysregulated metabolism, impaired β-cell "well-being," biogenesis, or cross talk with peripheral insulin resistance is required for elucidation of type 2 diabetes etiology. Recent Advances: It has been recognized that the oxidative stress, lipotoxicity, and glucotoxicity cannot be separated from numerous other cell pathology events, such as the attempted compensation of β-cell for the increased insulin demand and dynamics of β-cell biogenesis and its "reversal" at dedifferentiation, that is, from the concomitantly decreasing islet β-cell mass (also due to transdifferentiation) and low-grade islet or systemic inflammation. Critical Issues: At prediabetes, the compensation responses of β-cells, attempting to delay the pathology progression-when exaggerated-set a new state, in which a self-checking redox signaling related to the expression of Ins gene expression is impaired. The resulting altered redox signaling, diminished insulin secretion responses to various secretagogues including glucose, may lead to excretion of cytokines or chemokines by β-cells or excretion of endosomes. They could substantiate putative stress signals to the periphery. Subsequent changes and lasting glucolipotoxicity promote islet inflammatory responses and further pathology spiral. Future Directions: Should bring an understanding of the β-cell self-checking and related redox signaling, including the putative stress signal to periphery. Strategies to cure or prevent type 2 diabetes could be based on the substitution of the "wrong" signal by the "correct" self-checking signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Ježek
- Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Jabůrek
- Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lydie Plecitá-Hlavatá
- Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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31
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Priyanka K, Singh S. Applications of conjugated systems, nanomedicines, peptides and herbal drugs as mitochondrial targeted delivery systems in the treatment of oxidative stress induced diabetes. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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32
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Mohan S, R PRM, Brown L, Ayyappan P, G RK. Endoplasmic reticulum stress: A master regulator of metabolic syndrome. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 860:172553. [PMID: 31325433 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, a change in the ER homeostasis, leads to initiation of the unfolded protein response (UPR). The primary functions of the UPR are to restore the ER's physiological activity and coordinate the apoptotic and adaptive responses. Pathophysiological conditions that augment ER stress include hypoxia, misfolded and/or mutated protein accumulation, and high glucose. Prolonged ER stress is a critical factor in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome including type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, atherosclerosis, obesity, and fatty liver disease. UPR is a complex homeostatic pathway between newly synthesized proteins and their maturation, although the regulatory mechanisms contributing to the UPR and the possible therapeutic strategies are yet to be clarified. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms is necessary to develop therapeutic interventions targeting ER stress response. In this review, we discuss the role of ER stress and UPR signaling in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome, highlighting the main functions of UPR components. We have emphasized the use of novel small molecular chemical chaperones, considered as modulators of ER stress. The initial studies with these chemical chaperones are promising, but detailed studies are required to define their efficacy and adverse effects during therapeutic use in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreelekshmi Mohan
- Biochemistry and Molecular Mechanism Laboratory, Agroprocessing and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Industrial Estate, Thiruvananthapuram, 695019, Kerala, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - Preetha Rani M R
- Biochemistry and Molecular Mechanism Laboratory, Agroprocessing and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Industrial Estate, Thiruvananthapuram, 695019, Kerala, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - Lindsay Brown
- School of Health and Wellbeing/Functional Foods Research Group, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, 4350, Australia
| | - Prathapan Ayyappan
- Department of Surgery-Transplant, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Raghu K G
- Biochemistry and Molecular Mechanism Laboratory, Agroprocessing and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Industrial Estate, Thiruvananthapuram, 695019, Kerala, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India.
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Potential of Mitochondria-Targeted Antioxidants to Prevent Oxidative Stress in Pancreatic β-cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:1826303. [PMID: 31249641 PMCID: PMC6556329 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1826303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic β-cells are vulnerable to oxidative stress due to their low content of redox buffers, such as glutathione, but possess a rich content of thioredoxin, peroxiredoxin, and other proteins capable of redox relay, transferring redox signaling. Consequently, it may be predicted that cytosolic antioxidants could interfere with the cytosolic redox signaling and should not be recommended for any potential therapy. In contrast, mitochondrial matrix-targeted antioxidants could prevent the primary oxidative stress arising from the primary superoxide sources within the mitochondrial matrix, such as at the flavin (IF) and ubiquinone (IQ) sites of superoxide formation within respiratory chain complex I and the outer ubiquinone site (IIIQ) of complex III. Therefore, using time-resolved confocal fluorescence monitoring with MitoSOX Red, we investigated various effects of mitochondria-targeted antioxidants in model pancreatic β-cells (insulinoma INS-1E cells) and pancreatic islets. Both SkQ1 (a mitochondria-targeted plastoquinone) and a suppressor of complex III site Q electron leak (S3QEL) prevented superoxide production released to the mitochondrial matrix in INS-1E cells with stimulatory glucose, where SkQ1 also exhibited an antioxidant role for UCP2-silenced cells. SkQ1 acted similarly at nonstimulatory glucose but not in UCP2-silenced cells. Thus, UCP2 can facilitate the antioxidant mechanism based on SkQ1+ fatty acid anion− pairing. The elevated superoxide formation induced by antimycin A was largely prevented by S3QEL, and that induced by rotenone was decreased by SkQ1 and S3QEL and slightly by S1QEL, acting at complex I site Q. Similar results were obtained with the MitoB probe, for the LC-MS-based assessment of the 4 hr accumulation of reactive oxygen species within the mitochondrial matrix but for isolated pancreatic islets. For 2 hr INS-1E incubations, some samples were influenced by the cell death during the experiment. Due to the frequent dependency of antioxidant effects on metabolic modes, we suggest a potential use of mitochondria-targeted antioxidants for the treatment of prediabetic states after cautious nutrition-controlled tests. Their targeted delivery might eventually attenuate the vicious spiral leading to type 2 diabetes.
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Pharmacological strategies to lower crosstalk between nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase and mitochondria. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 111:1478-1498. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.11.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Mandaliya DK, Seshadri S. Short Chain Fatty Acids, pancreatic dysfunction and type 2 diabetes. Pancreatology 2019; 19:280-284. [PMID: 30713129 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2019.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The microbiota living in gut influence the immune response, metabolism, mood and behavior. The diet plays a pivotal role in maintaining healthy gut microbiota composition and its fermentation leads to production of Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs) mainly acetate, propionate and butyrate. During pancreatic dysfunction, insulin mediated suppression of glucagon is impaired leading to uncontrolled glucose production by liver and state of hyperglycemia. Insulin and glucagon balance is as important as insulin sensitivity which is reduced during Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). Glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP1) produced by Intestinal epithelial cells regulates insulin and glucagon secretion directly via GLP1 receptor on pancreatic cells or via nervous system. But half-life period of GLP1 is very short i.e. about 2 min, after which it is cleaved and inactivated. SCFAs are well documented to induce GLP1 but its direct effect on pancreatic dysfunction has not been reported. This review opens a new avenue to study the role of SCFAs as treatment to pancreatic dysfunction and T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sriram Seshadri
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382481, India.
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Rovira-Llopis S, Apostolova N, Bañuls C, Muntané J, Rocha M, Victor VM. Mitochondria, the NLRP3 Inflammasome, and Sirtuins in Type 2 Diabetes: New Therapeutic Targets. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:749-791. [PMID: 29256638 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Type 2 diabetes mellitus and hyperglycemia can lead to the development of comorbidities such as atherosclerosis and microvascular/macrovascular complications. Both type 2 diabetes and its complications are related to mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Type 2 diabetes is also a chronic inflammatory condition that leads to inflammasome activation and the release of proinflammatory mediators, including interleukins (ILs) IL-1β and IL-18. Moreover, sirtuins are energetic sensors that respond to metabolic load, which highlights their relevance in metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes. Recent Advances: Over the past decade, great progress has been made in clarifying the signaling events regulated by mitochondria, inflammasomes, and sirtuins. Nod-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) is the best characterized inflammasome, and the generation of oxidant species seems to be critical for its activation. NLRP3 inflammasome activation and altered sirtuin levels have been observed in type 2 diabetes. Critical Issue: Despite increasing evidence of the relationship between the NLRP3 inflammasome, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress and of their participation in type 2 diabetes physiopathology, therapeutic strategies to combat type 2 diabetes that target NLRP3 inflammasome and sirtuins are yet to be consolidated. FUTURE DIRECTIONS In this review article, we attempt to provide an overview of the existing literature concerning the crosstalk between mitochondrial impairment and the inflammasome, with particular attention to cellular and mitochondrial redox metabolism and the potential role of the NLRP3 inflammasome and sirtuins in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. In addition, we discuss potential targets for therapeutic intervention based on these molecular interactions. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 29, 749-791.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Rovira-Llopis
- 1 Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset , Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Nadezda Apostolova
- 2 Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia , Valencia, Spain .,4 CENTRO DE INVESTIGACIÓN BIOMÉDICA EN RED de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd) , Madrid, Spain
| | - Celia Bañuls
- 1 Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset , Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Jordi Muntané
- 3 Department of General Surgery, Hospital University "Virgen del Rocío"/IBiS/CSIC/University of Seville , Seville, Spain .,4 CENTRO DE INVESTIGACIÓN BIOMÉDICA EN RED de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd) , Madrid, Spain
| | - Milagros Rocha
- 1 Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset , Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain .,4 CENTRO DE INVESTIGACIÓN BIOMÉDICA EN RED de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd) , Madrid, Spain
| | - Victor M Victor
- 1 Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset , Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain .,4 CENTRO DE INVESTIGACIÓN BIOMÉDICA EN RED de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd) , Madrid, Spain .,5 Department of Physiology, University of Valencia , Valencia, Spain
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Imai Y, Fink BD, Promes JA, Kulkarni CA, Kerns RJ, Sivitz WI. Effect of a mitochondrial-targeted coenzyme Q analog on pancreatic β-cell function and energetics in high fat fed obese mice. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2018; 6:e00393. [PMID: 29864244 PMCID: PMC5980123 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently reported that mitoquinone (mitoQ, 500 μmol/L) added to drinking water of C57BL/6J mice attenuated weight gain and reduced oxidative stress when administered to high-fat (HF) fed mice. Here, we examined the effects of mitoQ administered to HF fed mice on pancreatic islet morphology, dynamics of insulin secretion, and islet mitochondrial metabolism. C57BL/6J mice were fed HF for 130 days while we administered vehicle (cyclodextrin [CD]) or mitoQ added to the drinking water at up to 500 μmol/L. MitoQ-treated mice vs vehicle gained significantly less weight, expended significantly more energy as determined by indirect calorimetry, and trended to consume less (nonsignificant) food. As we and others reported before, mitoQ-treated mice drank less water but showed no difference in percent body fluid by nuclear magnetic resonance. Circulating insulin and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion by isolated islets were decreased in mitoQ-treated mice while insulin sensitivity (plasma insulin x glucose) was greater. Islet respiration as basal oxygen consumption (OCR), OCR directed at ATP synthesis, and maximal uncoupled OCR were also reduced in mitoQ-treated mice. Quantitative morphologic studies revealed that islet size was reduced in the mitoQ-treated mice while visual inspection of histochemically stained sections suggested that mitoQ reduced islet lipid peroxides. MitoQ markedly improved liver function as determined by plasma alanine aminotransferase. In summary, mitoQ treatment reduced the demand for insulin and reduced islet size, likely consequent to the action of mitoQ to mitigate weight gain and improve liver function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Imai
- Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Internal MedicineUniversity of Iowa and the Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical CenterIowa CityIowaUSA
| | - Brian D. Fink
- Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Internal MedicineUniversity of Iowa and the Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical CenterIowa CityIowaUSA
| | - Joseph A. Promes
- Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Internal MedicineUniversity of Iowa and the Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical CenterIowa CityIowaUSA
| | - Chaitanya A. Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental TherapeuticsUniversity of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
| | - Robert J. Kerns
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental TherapeuticsUniversity of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
| | - William I. Sivitz
- Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Internal MedicineUniversity of Iowa and the Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical CenterIowa CityIowaUSA
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Ben-Shachar D, Ene HM. Mitochondrial Targeted Therapies: Where Do We Stand in Mental Disorders? Biol Psychiatry 2018; 83:770-779. [PMID: 28965983 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The neurobiology of psychiatric disorders is still unclear, although changes in multiple neuronal systems, specifically the dopaminergic, glutamatergic, and gamma-aminobutyric acidergic systems as well as abnormalities in synaptic plasticity and neural connectivity, are currently suggested to underlie their pathophysiology. A growing body of evidence suggests multifaceted mitochondrial dysfunction in mental disorders, which is in line with their role in neuronal activity, growth, development, and plasticity. In this review, we describe the main endeavors toward development of treatments that will enhance mitochondrial function and their transition into clinical use in congenital mitochondrial diseases and chronic disorders such as types 1 and 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, and cancer. In addition, we discuss the relevance of mitochondrial targeted treatments to mental disorders and their potential to become a novel therapeutic strategy that will improve the efficiency of the current treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorit Ben-Shachar
- Laboratory of Psychobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Rambam Health Care Campus and B. Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Rappaport Family Institute for Research in Medical Sciences, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Hila M Ene
- Laboratory of Psychobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Rambam Health Care Campus and B. Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Rappaport Family Institute for Research in Medical Sciences, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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40
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Barra JM, Tse HM. Redox-Dependent Inflammation in Islet Transplantation Rejection. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:175. [PMID: 29740396 PMCID: PMC5924790 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease that results in the progressive destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic β-cells inside the islets of Langerhans. The loss of this vital population leaves patients with a lifelong dependency on exogenous insulin and puts them at risk for life-threatening complications. One method being investigated to help restore insulin independence in these patients is islet cell transplantation. However, challenges associated with transplant rejection and islet viability have prevented long-term β-cell function. Redox signaling and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by recipient immune cells and transplanted islets themselves are key players in graft rejection. Therefore, dissipation of ROS generation is a viable intervention that can protect transplanted islets from immune-mediated destruction. Here, we will discuss the newly appreciated role of redox signaling and ROS synthesis during graft rejection as well as new strategies being tested for their efficacy in redox modulation during islet cell transplantation.
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Energy depletion and not ROS formation is a crucial step of glucolipotoxicity (GLTx) in pancreatic beta cells. Pflugers Arch 2017; 470:537-547. [PMID: 29218453 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-017-2094-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We have shown previously that genetic or pharmacological deletion of KATP channels protect against beta cell dysfunction induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Since it is assumed that glucolipotoxicity (GLTx) causes ROS production, we aimed to evaluate whether suppression of KATP channel activity can also prevent beta cell damage evoked by GLTx. We used an in vitro model of GLTx and measured distinct parameters of stimulus-secretion coupling. GLTx gradually induced disturbances of Ca2+ oscillations over 3 days. This impairment in Ca2+ dynamics was partially reversed in beta cells without functional KATP channels (SUR1-/-) and by the sulfonylurea gliclazide but not by tolbutamide. By contrast, the GLTx-induced suppression of glucose-induced insulin secretion could not be rescued by decreased KATP channel activity pointing to a direct interaction of GLTx with the secretory capacity. Accordingly, GLTx also suppressed KCl-induced insulin secretion. GLTx was not accompanied by decisively increased ROS production or enhanced apoptosis. Insulin content of beta cells was markedly reduced by GLTx, an effect not prevented by gliclazide. Since GLTx markedly diminished the mitochondrial membrane potential and cellular ATP content, lack of ATP is assumed to decrease insulin biosynthesis. The deleterious effect of GLTx is therefore caused by direct interference with the secretory capacity whereby reduction of insulin content is one important parameter. These findings deepen our understanding how GLTx damages beta cells and reveal that GLTx is disconnected from ROS formation, a notion important for targeting beta cells in the treatment of diabetes. Overall, GLTx-induced energy depletion may be a primary step in the cascade of events leading to loss of beta cell function in type-2 diabetes mellitus.
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Cardoso SM, Correia SC, Carvalho C, Moreira PI. Mitochondria in Alzheimer's Disease and Diabetes-Associated Neurodegeneration: License to Heal! Handb Exp Pharmacol 2017; 240:281-308. [PMID: 28251365 DOI: 10.1007/164_2017_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a difficult puzzle to solve, in part because the etiology of this devastating neurodegenerative disorder remains murky. However, diabetes has been pinpointed as a major risk factor for the sporadic forms of AD. Several overlapping neurodegenerative mechanisms have been identified between AD and diabetes, including mitochondrial malfunction. This is not surprising taking into account that neurons are cells with a complex morphology, long lifespan, and high energetic requirements which make them particularly reliant on a properly organized and dynamic mitochondrial network to sustain neuronal function and integrity. In this sense, this chapter provides an overview on the role of mitochondrial bioenergetics and dynamics to the neurodegenerative events that occur in AD and diabetes, and how these organelles may represent a mechanistic link between these two pathologies. From a therapeutic perspective, it will be discussed how mitochondria can be targeted in order to efficaciously counteract neurodegeneration associated with AD and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana M Cardoso
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3004-517, Portugal.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3030-789, Portugal
| | - Sónia C Correia
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3004-517, Portugal.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3030-789, Portugal
| | - Cristina Carvalho
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3004-517, Portugal.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3030-789, Portugal
| | - Paula I Moreira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3004-517, Portugal. .,Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3000-548, Portugal.
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Velasquez C, Vasquez JS, Balcazar N. In Vitro Effect of Fatty Acids Identified in the Plasma of Obese Adolescents on the Function of Pancreatic β-Cells. Diabetes Metab J 2017; 41:303-315. [PMID: 28868828 PMCID: PMC5583408 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2017.41.4.303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increase in circulating free fatty acid (FFA) levels is a major factor that induces malfunction in pancreatic β-cells. We evaluated the effect of FFAs reconstituted according to the profile of circulating fatty acids found in obese adolescents on the viability and function of the murine insulinoma cell line (mouse insulinoma [MIN6]). METHODS From fatty acids obtained commercially, plasma-FFA profiles of three different youth populations were reconstituted: obese with metabolic syndrome; obese without metabolic syndrome; and normal weight without metabolic syndrome. MIN6 cells were treated for 24 or 48 hours with the three FFA profiles, and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, cell viability, mitochondrial function and antioxidant activity were evaluated. RESULTS The high FFA content and high polyunsaturated ω6/ω3 ratio, present in plasma of obese adolescents with metabolic syndrome had a toxic effect on MIN6 cell viability and function, increasing oxidative stress and decreasing glucose-dependent insulin secretion. CONCLUSION These results could help to guide nutritional management of obese young individuals, encouraging the increase of ω-3-rich food consumption in order to reduce the likelihood of deterioration of β-cells and the possible development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Velasquez
- Research Group in Food and Human Nutrition, School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | | | - Norman Balcazar
- Genetics Molecular Group, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia.
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Lee JS, Park JM, Lee S, Lee HJ, Yang HS, Yeo J, Lee KR, Choi BH, Hong EK. Hispidin rescues palmitate‑induced insulin resistance in C2C12 myotubes. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:4229-4234. [PMID: 28731188 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle serves an important role in the utilization of glucose during insulin‑stimulated conditions. Excessive saturated fatty acids are considered to be a major contributing factor to insulin resistance in skeletal muscle cells. The present study investigated the effects of hispidin on palmitate‑induced insulin resistance in C2C12 skeletal muscle myotubes via an MTT assay, glucose uptake assay, Oil‑Red‑O staining and western blot analysis. Hispidin reversed the palmitate‑induced inhibition of glucose uptake, and inhibited palmitate‑induced intracellular lipid accumulation. Hispidin suppressed insulin receptor substrate‑1 Ser307 phosphorylation, and significantly promoted the activation of phosphatidylinositol‑3‑kinase and Akt, via inhibition of protein kinase C theta. Furthermore, hispidin treatment of C2C12 muscle cells increased glucose uptake via activation of adenosine monophosphate‑activated protein kinase. These findings indicated that hispidin may improve palmitate‑induced insulin resistance in skeletal muscle myotubes, and therefore hispidin treatment may be beneficial for patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Seok Lee
- National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, Gyeonggi 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Myoung Park
- Department of Bioengineering and Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Sarah Lee
- National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, Gyeonggi 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Lee
- National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, Gyeonggi 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Sun Yang
- National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, Gyeonggi 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohong Yeo
- National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, Gyeonggi 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Rim Lee
- Department of Bioengineering and Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Hyun Choi
- Department of Bioengineering and Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Eock Kee Hong
- Department of Bioengineering and Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
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Sun X, Mao Y, Dai P, Li X, Gu W, Wang H, Wu G, Ma J, Huang S. Mitochondrial dysfunction is involved in the aggravation of periodontitis by diabetes. J Clin Periodontol 2017; 44:463-471. [PMID: 28207937 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM To elucidate whether mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to aggravated periodontitis in diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty-four wistar rats were randomly assigned into four groups: control, periodontitis, diabetes, and diabetic periodontitis. Two weeks after induction of diabetes, periodontitis was induced by silk ligation for 2 weeks and thereafter evaluated by assessing alveolar bone loss and apoptosis of periodontium cells. Mitochondrial oxidative stress was detected by MitoSOX staining. Mitochondrial function was determined by measuring ATP production, and by assessing mitochondrial DNA copy number, activities of electron transport chain complexes, and biogenesis with real-time PCR. RESULTS Significantly severer bone loss, enhanced periodontium cell apoptosis, and mitochondrial oxidative stress were found in the rats with diabetic periodontitis than the others. Furthermore, diabetic rats with periodontitis presented severer mitochondrial dysfunction than lean rats with periodontitis, as reflected by compromised ATP production, decreased mitochondrial DNA copy number, reduced gene expression of electron transport chain complex I subunits, and impaired mitochondrial biogenesis (p < 0.05). Multiple regression analysis further indicated a close correlation between these mitochondrial events and bone loss in diabetic periodontitis. CONCLUSIONS Mitochondrial dysfunction was positive correlated to aggravated periodontitis in diabetes and might represent a therapeutic target for diabetic periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Sun
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Oral Implantology and Prosthetic Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yixin Mao
- Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Panpan Dai
- Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xumin Li
- Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Weiyan Gu
- Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Huining Wang
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Oral Implantology and Prosthetic Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jianfeng Ma
- Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shengbin Huang
- Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Oral Implantology and Prosthetic Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Escribano-Lopez I, Diaz-Morales N, Rovira-Llopis S, de Marañon AM, Orden S, Alvarez A, Bañuls C, Rocha M, Murphy MP, Hernandez-Mijares A, Victor VM. The mitochondria-targeted antioxidant MitoQ modulates oxidative stress, inflammation and leukocyte-endothelium interactions in leukocytes isolated from type 2 diabetic patients. Redox Biol 2016; 10:200-205. [PMID: 27810734 PMCID: PMC5094376 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2016.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
It is not known if the mitochondria-targeted antioxidants such as mitoquinone (MitoQ) can modulate oxidative stress and leukocyte-endothelium interactions in T2D patients. We aimed to evaluate the beneficial effect of MitoQ on oxidative stress parameters and leukocyte-endothelium interactions in leukocytes of T2D patients. The study population consisted of 98 T2D patients and 71 control subjects. We assessed metabolic and anthropometric parameters, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX-1), NFκB-p65, TNFα and leukocyte-endothelium interactions. Diabetic patients exhibited higher weight, BMI, waist circumference, SBP, DBP, glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, HbA1c, triglycerides, hs-CRP and lower HDL-c with respect to controls. Mitochondrial ROS production was enhanced in T2D patients and decreased by MitoQ. The antioxidant also increased GPX-1 levels and PMN rolling velocity and decreased PMN rolling flux and PMN adhesion in T2D patients. NFκB-p65 and TNFα were augmented in T2D and were both reduced by MitoQ treatment. Our findings support that the antioxidant MitoQ has an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant action in the leukocytes of T2D patients by decreasing ROS production, leukocyte-endothelium interactions and TNFα through the action of NFκB. These data suggest that mitochondria-targeted antioxidants such as MitoQ should be investigated as a novel means of preventing cardiovascular events in T2D patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Escribano-Lopez
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Noelia Diaz-Morales
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Susana Rovira-Llopis
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain; Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Arantxa Martinez de Marañon
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Samuel Orden
- CIBERehd - Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Angeles Alvarez
- CIBERehd - Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Celia Bañuls
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain; Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Milagros Rocha
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain; Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; CIBERehd - Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Hernandez-Mijares
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain; Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Victor M Victor
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain; Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; CIBERehd - Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
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Sim YC, Lee JS, Lee S, Son YK, Park JE, Song JE, Ha SJ, Hong EK. Effects of polysaccharides isolated from Inonotus obliquus against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative damage in RINm5F pancreatic β-cells. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:4263-4270. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Verma SK, Garikipati VNS, Kishore R. Mitochondrial dysfunction and its impact on diabetic heart. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2016; 1863:1098-1105. [PMID: 27593695 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction and associated oxidative stress are strongly linked to cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and age associated disorders. More specifically cardiovascular diseases are common in patients with diabetes and significant contributor to the high mortality rates associated with diabetes. Studies have shown that the heart failure risk is increased in diabetic patients even after adjusting for coronary artery disease and hypertension. Although the actual basis of the increased heart failure risk is multifactorial, increasing evidences suggest that imbalances in mitochondrial function and associated oxidative stress play an important role in this process. This review summarizes these abnormalities in mitochondrial function and discusses potential underlying mechanisms. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Quality in Diabetes/Obesity and Critical Illness Spectrum of Diseases - edited by P. Hemachandra Reddy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Kumar Verma
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
| | | | - Raj Kishore
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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Bridges between mitochondrial oxidative stress, ER stress and mTOR signaling in pancreatic β cells. Cell Signal 2016; 28:1099-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Miranda-Perez ME, Ortega-Camarillo C, Del Carmen Escobar-Villanueva M, Blancas-Flores G, Alarcon-Aguilar FJ. Cucurbita ficifolia Bouché increases insulin secretion in RINm5F cells through an influx of Ca(2+) from the endoplasmic reticulum. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 188:159-166. [PMID: 27174079 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.04.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE Cucurbita ficifolia Bouché(C. ficifolia) is a plant used in Mexican traditional medicine to control type 2 diabetes (T2D). The hypoglycemic effect of the fruit of C. ficifolia has been demonstrated in different experimental models and in T2D patients. It has been proposed that D-chiro-inositol (DCI) is the active compound of the fruit. Additionally, it has been reported that C. ficifolia increases the mRNA expression of insulin and Kir 6.2 (a component of the ATP-sensitive potassium (K(+)ATP) channel, which is activated by sulphonylurea) in RINm5F cells. However, it remains unclear whether C. ficifolia and DCI causes the secretion of insulin by increasing the concentration of intracellular calcium ([Ca(2+)]i) through K(+)ATP channel blockage or from the reservoir in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). MATERIAL AND METHODS The aqueous extract of C. ficifolia was obtained and standardized with regard to its DCI content. RINm5F pancreatic β-cells were incubated with different concentrations (50, 100, 200 and 400μM) of DCI alone or C. ficifolia (9, 18, 36 and 72µg of extract/mL), and the [Ca(2+)]i of the cells was quantified. The cells were preloaded with the Ca(2+) fluorescent dye fluo4-acetoxymethyl ester (AM) and visualized by confocal microscopy. Insulin secretion was measured by an ELISA method. Subsequently, the effect of C. ficifolia on the K(+)ATP channel was evaluated. In this case, the blocker activator diazoxide was used to inhibit the C. ficifolia-induced calcium influx. In addition, the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3)-receptor-selective inhibitor 2-amino-thoxydiphenylborate (2-APB) was used to inhibit the influx of calcium from the ER that was induced by C. ficifolia. RESULTS It was found that DCI alone did not increase [Ca(2+)]i or insulin secretion. In contrast, treatment with C. ficifolia increased [Ca(2+)]i 10-fold compared with the control group. Insulin secretion increased by 46.9%. In the presence of diazoxide, C. ficifolia decreased [Ca(2+)]i by 50%, while insulin secretion increased by 36.4%. In contrast, in the presence of 2-APB, C. ficifolia increased [Ca(2+)]i 18-fold, while insulin secretion remained constant, indicating an additive effect. Therefore, C. ficifolia was not found to block the K(+)ATP channel. However, it did exert an effect by increasing [Ca(2+)]i from the ER, which may partly explain the insulin secretion observed following treatment with C. ficifolia. CONCLUSIONS The hypoglycemic properties of C. ficifolia can be explained in part by its effect as a secretagogue for insulin through an increase in [Ca(2+)]i from the calcium reservoir in the ER. Therefore, the mechanism of action of C. ficifolia is different to those of the currently used hypoglycemic drugs, such as sulfonylureas. These results support that C. ficifolia may be a potential natural resource for new agents to control T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elizabeth Miranda-Perez
- Division de Ciencia Biologicas y de la Salud (DCBS), Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana Unidad Iztapalapa (UAM-I), Avenida San Rafael Atlixco 186, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.
| | - Clara Ortega-Camarillo
- Unidad de Investigacion Medica en Bioquimica, HE, Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI. IMSS, Av. Cuauhtemoc 330, Col. Doctores, Del. Cuauhtemoc, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.
| | | | - Gerardo Blancas-Flores
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, UAM-I, Avenida San Rafael Atlixco 186, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.
| | - Francisco Javier Alarcon-Aguilar
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, UAM-I, Avenida San Rafael Atlixco 186, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.
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