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Martínez-García A, Valverde-Montesino S, García-García M. Promoting mental health in higher education: towards a model of well-being factors in emerging adulthood. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2024; 19:2408831. [PMID: 39356675 PMCID: PMC11448348 DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2024.2408831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 09/20/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to contribute to the development of a theoretical model that is useful for enhancing well-being/positive mental health with pedagogical resources that enable the acquisition of skills and knowledge, particularly during Emerging Adulthood. METHODS This paper enquires into the role of well-being promotion in higher education following the dual-factor model of mental health difficulties and wellbeing. The study narratively reviews the main well-being models and presents a compared theoretical synthesis examining the dimensions that promote or facilitate the presence of well-being using a promotion approach. RESULTS The study identifies 14 dimensions involved in wellbeing-emotional, psychological and social factors-that can be potentially improved through learning processes. Drawing on empirical and theoretical studies on emerging adult population, a factorial model is proposed. Preliminary factor interactions are examined paying close attention to the cognitive processes that explain or affect their relationship with well-being, the possible correlations between them and particularities of emerging adults. CONCLUSION Wellbeing factors can be particularly targeted by educational promotion, as they can be developed through learning processes. An integrative model that provides a broad perspective can assist in pedagogical design and defining educational goals for these learning processes involved in wellbeing promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariadna Martínez-García
- Department of Research and Psychology in Education, Faculty of Education, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Valverde-Montesino
- Department of Research and Psychology in Education, Faculty of Education, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes García-García
- Department of Research and Psychology in Education, Faculty of Education, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Di Cesare DM, Craig SL, Brooks AS, Doll K. Setting the Game Agenda: Reviewing the Emerging Literature on Video Gaming and Psychological Well-Being of Sexual and Gender Diverse Youth. GAMES AND CULTURE 2024; 19:933-953. [PMID: 39355233 PMCID: PMC11439583 DOI: 10.1177/15554120231178883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2024]
Abstract
Video gaming is a popular youth pastime that has prompted scholarship into its relationship with psychological well-being. However, sexual and gender diverse youth (SGDY) who play video games are largely overlooked in this research. SGDY experience significant mental health challenges, but utilize coping strategies mediated by digital technologies, necessitating an examination of their video game playing and its effects on well-being. This literature review synthesizes the emerging evidence base by identifying key constructs related to SGDY well-being and video gaming. Five themes were derived from the literature: (a) SGDY identity development and self-expression in video games; (b) SGDY video gaming and coping skills; (c) Social support in SGDY video gaming communities; (d) SGDY digital microaggressions in video gaming; and (e) SGDY civic engagement through video gaming. The findings establish multiple risks and opportunities for harnessing video games to support SGDY's well-being. Recommendations for practice, research, and industry collaborations are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shelley L Craig
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ashley S Brooks
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kaitrin Doll
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Foster K, Shochet I, Shakespeare-Finch J, Maybery D, Bui MV, Gordon I, Bagot KL, Roche M. Promoting resilience in mental health nurses: A partially clustered randomised controlled trial. Int J Nurs Stud 2024; 159:104865. [PMID: 39126838 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2024.104865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a critical global shortage of nurses in mental health, with workforce attrition due in large part to workplace stressors. Proactive strengths-based interventions to strengthen nurses' capacity to manage stress and improve mental health, wellbeing and resilience may also support workforce retention. OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of a resilience-building programme on mental health nurses' coping self-efficacy (primary outcome), and psychological distress, wellbeing, resilience, posttraumatic growth, emotional intelligence behaviours, workplace belonging, and turnover intention (secondary outcomes). DESIGN Partially clustered randomised controlled trial. SETTING Large tertiary metropolitan mental health service in Australia. PARTICIPANTS A total of 144 registered and enrolled nurses working clinically ≥0.6 full-time equivalent (73/intervention, 71/control), with 122 completing 3-month follow-up. METHODS The Promoting Resilience in Nurses programme is an evidence-based workplace intervention delivered by trained facilitators across two workshops. Surveys were administered online upon registration and prior to randomisation (Time 1) into Intervention or Control (no intervention) arms, and immediately after the final workshop (Time 2), and at three months follow-up (Time 3). Linear mixed models for outcome measures were fitted to Time 2 and 3 responses. RESULTS There were seven intervention groups, with seven to 13 participants per group. Coping self-efficacy improved at Time 2 (estimated intervention effect 21.2 units, 95 % Confidence Intervals: 13.3 to 29.0) and Time 3 (12.1 units, 4.7 to 19.6), as well as wellbeing (Time 2: 9.2 units, 5.0 to 13.4), resilience (Time 2: 0.24 units, 0.01 to 0.46) and posttraumatic growth (Time 2: 16.1 units, 7.0 to 25.3). Psychological distress reduced (Time 2: -3.7 units, -6.2 to -1.31). All were sustained at three months. Emotional intelligence behaviours were improved (Time 2: 3.5 units, 0.6 to 6.5) but not sustained. Workplace belonging improved at Time 3 (0.34 units, 0.02 to 0.65) only. No statistically significant effects for turnover intention. CONCLUSIONS Despite major contextual challenges, the Promoting Resilience in Nurses programme achieved the aims of promoting nurses' efficacy to cope with stress and regulate their emotions and improving mental health and wellbeing. The findings support the programme as a feasible and successful intervention for nurses across other settings and contexts. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12620001052921). Registered 15/10/2020. First recruitment 04/02/2021. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT Promoting Resilience in Nurses intervention improved coping self-efficacy, wellbeing, resilience, posttraumatic growth, emotional intelligence and psychological distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Foster
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedicine, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, Australia.
| | - Ian Shochet
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Jane Shakespeare-Finch
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Darryl Maybery
- Monash Rural Health, Monash University, Warragul, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Minh Viet Bui
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedicine, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, Australia.
| | - Ian Gordon
- Statistical Consulting Centre, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Kathleen L Bagot
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedicine, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, Australia.
| | - Michael Roche
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Public Health, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia; ACT Government Health Directorate, Philip, ACT, Australia; School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia.
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4
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Long LJ, Viana AG, Zvolensky MJ, Lu Q, Gallagher MW. The influence of hope and optimism on trajectories of COVID-19 stress, health anxiety, and wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Clin Psychol 2024. [PMID: 39380319 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 10/10/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 pandemic posed a threat to public health and psychological functioning, with early studies documenting higher rates of psychopathology within the United States and globally. Hope and optimism promote adjustment and are associated with positive physical and mental health outcomes. Thus, individual differences in hope and optimism may also foster resilience during a global health crisis. AIMS The current study examined how hope and optimism influenced longitudinal health-focused distress and wellbeing during the pandemic. METHODS Data were collected from 788 American adults across three periods during Spring-Summer 2020 using MTurk. Latent growth curve modeling examined whether hope and optimism predicted COVID stress, health anxiety, and wellbeing trajectories. RESULTS COVID stress and health anxiety decreased after the onset of the pandemic, whereas wellbeing was stable. Individually, hope and optimism predicted lower initial COVID stress and health anxiety, along with greater initial wellbeing. When examining the combined influence of hope and optimism, optimism was more strongly related to health-focused distress, though both were strong predictors of wellbeing. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that Americans were resilient and positive expectancies, particularly optimism, predicted better initial adjustment to the early phases of the pandemic. Thus, positive expectancies appear to be protective during a global health crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Long
- Center for Anxiety and Related Disorders, Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Andres G Viana
- School of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Michael J Zvolensky
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- HEALTH Institute, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Qian Lu
- Department of Health Disparities Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Matthew W Gallagher
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Texas Institute for Measurement, Evaluation, and Statistics, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
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Kruse A. [End-of-life decision-making]. INNERE MEDIZIN (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 65:976-984. [PMID: 39285032 DOI: 10.1007/s00108-024-01770-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024]
Abstract
The article begins with a reflection on the intertwined nature of life and death; this reflection should also serve to sensitize us to the proactive and reactive expressions of a person's life at the end of life. It will be shown that attachment to life can also manifest itself in the case of depression, fear and exhaustion: One must not lose sight of their potential existence. The existing commitment to life allows us to better understand why the remaining time of life may be perceived as something precious; this may be in contrast to statements made in the living will. A distinction is made between subjectively, objectively and socially defined criteria for a good life in the borderline situation of a serious illness leading to death; their comparison is central to the end-of-life decision-making process. In addition to physical and neurocognitive illnesses, suicidality is at the centre of the article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Kruse
- Institut für Gerontologie, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Bergheimer Straße 20, 69115, Heidelberg, Deutschland.
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6
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Ryff CD. Enduring Heroism in the Face of Inequality and Injustice: Who Steps Up and Why? HEROISM SCIENCE 2024; 9:6. [PMID: 39381057 PMCID: PMC11457295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2024]
Abstract
Enduring heroism defined as persistent efforts to confront inequality and injustice is the focus of this article. Six exemplars are considered: Harriet Tubman, Crazy Horse, Jane Addams, Mohandas Gandhi, Nelson Mandela, Malcolm X. Similarities and differences in their pursuits are considered and linked to the larger literature on heroism. They are also contrasted with enduring anti-heroes to elevate roles of virtue and benevolence in long-term efforts to correct societal ills. What motivates enduring heroism is a central question. A hypothesis put forth is that distinct dimensions of eudaimonic well-being - especially, purpose in life, autonomy, environmental mastery, and personal growth - may be key elements that fuel efforts of enduring heroes. A final section underscores the need for such individuals in our era, drawing on wide-ranging evidence that inequality and injustice are worsening and have been exacerbated by major historical events (Great Recession, COVID-19 pandemic). Now more than ever enduring heroes are needed to help redress the enormous suffering around us.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol D Ryff
- Department of Psychology/Institute on Aging, University of Wisconsin-Madison
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Liu X, Song P, Yin L, Wang K, Zhu B, Huang X, Niu Y, Leng H, Xue Q, Peng M, Min B, Shangguan F, Zhang P, Zhao W, Wang H, Lv J, Yang M, Wang P, Li D, Gao X, Feng K, Yun K, Cosci F, Wang H. The Role of Online Well-Being Therapy in Overcoming Allostatic Overload in Medical Workers: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Study. PSYCHOTHERAPY AND PSYCHOSOMATICS 2024:1-12. [PMID: 39312891 DOI: 10.1159/000540924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Stress may lead to allostatic overload. Well-being therapy (WBT) might mitigate it by enhancing psychological well-being and protecting from psychological symptoms. Since no reports are available on the use of WBT in allostatic overload, we evaluated online WBT effects in reducing allostatic overload in medical workers during the coronavirus pandemic. METHODS Sixty-six participants with allostatic overload were enrolled and randomly assigned to eight sessions of online WBT (n = 32) or eight sessions of an online psychoeducation program on healthy lifestyle (CON) (n = 34). The primary outcome was the prevalence rate of allostatic overload in the two groups at session 8 (T2). Secondary analyses were performed on changes in the PsychoSocial Index (PSI) and Psychological Well-Being (PWB) scales scores at the same time points. Generalized estimating equation models were employed. RESULTS The WBT group showed a significantly lower rate of allostatic overload at T2 than the CON group (28.13% vs. 70.59%, p < 0.001); similar results were found at T1, T3, and T4 (p < 0.001). Compared to CON, WBT produced a significant decrease in psychological distress (p < 0.001) and abnormal illness behavior (p = 0.031), as well as a significant improvement in PWB autonomy, environmental mastery, personal growth, positive relations with others, purpose in life, and self-acceptance (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Online WBT may be an effective non-pharmacological therapeutic strategy for individuals with allostatic overload. These findings need to be further validated in different clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Liu
- Division of Neuropsychiatry and Psychosomatics, Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Psychosomatic Disease Consultation Center, National Center for Neurological Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Penghui Song
- Division of Neuropsychiatry and Psychosomatics, Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Psychosomatic Disease Consultation Center, National Center for Neurological Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Yin
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases (NCRC), Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Division of Neuropsychiatry and Psychosomatics, Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Psychosomatic Disease Consultation Center, National Center for Neurological Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Puren Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Boheng Zhu
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomin Huang
- Department of Neurology, Ningcheng Center Hospital, Ningcheng, China
| | - Yanyan Niu
- Department of Orthopedics, Jincheng People's Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Jincheng, China
| | - Haixia Leng
- Division of Neuropsychiatry and Psychosomatics, Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Psychosomatic Disease Consultation Center, National Center for Neurological Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Xue
- Division of Neuropsychiatry and Psychosomatics, Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Psychosomatic Disease Consultation Center, National Center for Neurological Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Mao Peng
- Division of Neuropsychiatry and Psychosomatics, Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Psychosomatic Disease Consultation Center, National Center for Neurological Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Baoquan Min
- Division of Neuropsychiatry and Psychosomatics, Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Psychosomatic Disease Consultation Center, National Center for Neurological Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | | | - Peiran Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Functional Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenfeng Zhao
- Division of Neuropsychiatry and Psychosomatics, Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Psychosomatic Disease Consultation Center, National Center for Neurological Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Huang Wang
- Division of Neuropsychiatry and Psychosomatics, Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Psychosomatic Disease Consultation Center, National Center for Neurological Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Lv
- Division of Neuropsychiatry and Psychosomatics, Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Psychosomatic Disease Consultation Center, National Center for Neurological Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Yang
- Department of Psychology, Ningxia Fifth People's Hospital, Ningxia Medical University, Shizuishan, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Dongning Li
- Department of Neurology, Ningcheng Center Hospital, Ningcheng, China
| | - Xiaoling Gao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Kun Feng
- Department of Psychiatry, Yuquan Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Keming Yun
- Shanxi Medical University-BGI Collaborative Center for Future Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Fiammetta Cosci
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Hongxing Wang
- Division of Neuropsychiatry and Psychosomatics, Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Psychosomatic Disease Consultation Center, National Center for Neurological Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurology, Ningcheng Center Hospital, Ningcheng, China
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Institute of Special Medical Sciences, School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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Zuccarella-Hackl C, Princip M, Meister-Langraf RE, Weilenmann S, Anzalone S, Sivakumar S, Jellestad L, von Känel R. Validation of the German Purpose in Life Questionnaire (PLQ) in a healthy population and patients with cardiovascular disease. J Psychosom Res 2024; 187:111928. [PMID: 39303621 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2024.111928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 09/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
In this cross-sectional study, a German translation of the subscale "Purpose in Life" (PLQ) from the Scales of Psychological Well-being (SPWB) was validated in a representative sample of participants from healthy and cardiovascular populations. The main objectives were to assess the reliability, convergent, and discriminant validity using a large and representative sample (N = 466 healthy sample, N = 247 patients with an implanted cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD), N = 70 patients with a cardiovascular disease (CVD)). The findings indicated that the German PLQ is a reliable and valid measure of positive psychological well-being, showing a positive correlation with health-related quality of life, optimism, and positive affect. In turn, the PLQ score was significantly and negatively correlated with depressive symptom severity, anxiety, pessimism, and negative affect, while being distinct from these constructs. The comparability of the measurement properties of the German PLQ with the original English version further supports the validity of the translation. Additionally, the unidimensional structure of the German version mirrored that of the English PLQ. As this study used a large and representative sample, it provides the most up-to-date normative population value for the subscale of the SPWB. Moreover, this study represents the first known exploration of the questionnaire in a cardiovascular sample, revealing relationships between health-related quality of life, optimism, positive affect, and the German PLQ. However, in patients with ICD, the positive correlation between the PLQ and the physical component of the SF-12 did not reach significance. Despite these valuable findings, future research to enhance the understanding of the PLQ and its implications is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Zuccarella-Hackl
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Mary Princip
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rebecca E Meister-Langraf
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Clienia Schlössli AG, Oetwil am See, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sonja Weilenmann
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Samuel Anzalone
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sinthujan Sivakumar
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lena Jellestad
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roland von Känel
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Komenda-Schned S, Landskron SJ, Moritz P, Brunevskaya N, Santambrogio J, Salvador-Carulla L, Lueger-Schuster B, Zeilinger EL. Good mental health in people with intellectual disabilities: a systematic review. Health Psychol Rev 2024:1-23. [PMID: 39260434 DOI: 10.1080/17437199.2024.2398021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
While mental disorders have been broadly researched in people with intellectual disabilities (ID), comparatively less attention has been given to the conceptualisation of good mental health for this population. To capture existing concepts, definitions and measurement approaches of good mental health a systematic literature review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. The search was carried out in eleven databases, using various synonyms of (i) intellectual disability, (ii) mental health, (iii) wellbeing, (iv) definition, and (v) assessment. A total of 2,046 datasets were identified, of which 37 met the inclusion criteria and were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis and content analysis. Results show four main themes: (1) environment, (2) absence of mental illness, (3) physical health, and (4) psychosocial functioning. The fourth was the most dominant theme and was further divided into five sub-themes: (1) emotionality, (2) interpersonal relations, (3) realise own potential, (4) personal resources, and (5) overall appraisal of life. Our findings reveal different conceptualisations of wellbeing, which is a vital part of good mental health, but highlight a notable research gap in the actual definition and conceptualisation of good mental health for people with ID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Komenda-Schned
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Doctoral School in Cognition, Behavior and Neuroscience, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sarah Jasmin Landskron
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Paula Moritz
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Research Institute for Developmental Medicine, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Nadine Brunevskaya
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jacopo Santambrogio
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Milano-Bicocca, Vedano al Lambro, Italy
| | - Luis Salvador-Carulla
- Faculty of Health, Health Research Institute, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
| | - Brigitte Lueger-Schuster
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Lucia Zeilinger
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Clinical Research SBG, Academy for Ageing Research, Haus der Barmherzigkeit, Vienna, Austria
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10
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Wang Q, Zhou Y, Wang G, Pan X, Sha S, Wang Z, Liu Y, Tian T, Liang S. The mediation effects of COVID-19-related traumatic stress symptoms and mentalization on the relationship between perceived stress and psychological well-being in healthcare workers transitioning to a post-pandemic world. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0309561. [PMID: 39231148 PMCID: PMC11373818 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0309561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In context of COVID-19 as a collective trauma and the intense involvement of healthcare workers (HCWs) in the pandemic, perceived stress continues to have a tremendous impact on their psychological well-being. However, few studies have attempted to delineate the underlying mechanisms. This study examined whether COVID-19-related traumatic stress symptoms and mentalization act as mediators. METHODS A sample of HCWs (N = 2610) from 22 hospitals in Beijing, China participated in this cross-sectional investigation. Data on their perceived stress, psychological well-being, the impact of event, and reflective function during the COVID-19 pandemic were collected using self-report questionnaires. Different mediating models were tested. RESULTS COVID-19-related stress symptoms and mentalization independently mediate the association between perceived stress and psychological well-being. These two mediators also compose a serial mediation model. In particular, higher perceived stress inhibits the psychological well-being of HCWs through increased severity of traumatic stress symptoms, which in turn is associated with hypomentalizing. CONCLUSION These findings shed light on the mechanisms underlying the relationship between perceived stress and psychological well-being in HCWs. We strongly recommend incorporating a mentalization framework with trauma-informed practice in prevention and intervention work with this population during this and future healthcare crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - You Zhou
- New York Psychoanalytic Society & Institute, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Gang Wang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyu Pan
- The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Sha Sha
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yinqi Liu
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tengfei Tian
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Sixiang Liang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Trovato E, Dragotto M, Capalbo E, Cartocci A, Rubegni P, Calabrese L. Uncovering the Differences: How DLQI and WHO-5 Scores Vary in Moderate-to-Severe Psoriasis Patients Treated with Tildrakizumab 100 mg vs. 200 mg? J Clin Med 2024; 13:5240. [PMID: 39274452 PMCID: PMC11396214 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13175240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Psoriasis (PsO) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that severely impacts patients' quality of life (QoL). Its global prevalence is about 2%, with significant regional variations. PsO manifests in the form of erythematous and scaly plaques, causing intense pruritus and discomfort and limiting daily activities. The condition often includes comorbidities such as psoriatic arthritis, cardiovascular diseases, and metabolic syndrome, further deteriorating QoL. Psychological well-being is notably affected, with high levels of depression and anxiety due to the visible lesions, leading to social stigma and isolation. QoL indexes like WHO-QoL and SF-36 assess various well-being aspects, while patient-reported outcomes (PROs) provide a comprehensive understanding of PsO's impact. However, there are no universally shared PROs in outpatient practice to fully understand the impact of the disease and associated therapies. This study aims to evaluate differences between DLQI and WHO-5 in adult patients with moderate-to-severe PsO treated with tildrakizumab 100 mg or 200 mg. Methods: The study was conducted at the University Hospital of Siena, Italy, from May 2023 to April 2024. Data from 15 patients treated with tildrakizumab 200 mg and 15 patients treated with tildrakizumab 100 mg, observed for at least 28 weeks, were recorded. Demographic data, PASI, DLQI, and WHO-5 scores were analyzed. Patients in the 100 mg group (G100) were selected to match the demographic characteristics of the 200 mg group (G200). Reduction rates of DLQI and WHO-5 were assessed at baseline values and after 4, 16, and 28 weeks. Results: Both groups experienced improvements in QoL. The group treated with 200 mg showed more pronounced and rapid reductions in DLQI and WHO-5 scores compared to the 100 mg group. WHO-5 demonstrated faster improvements in overall well-being than DLQI, indicating its greater sensitivity to changes in mental well-being and overall QoL. No differences in adverse events were observed between the two groups, with no major adverse events reported. Conclusions: In our study, WHO-5 proved more sensitive than DLQI in capturing well-being changes in PsO patients treated with tildrakizumab. However, a combined use of both WHO-5 and DLQI questionnaires should be encouraged in clinical practice. Furthermore, this study confirmed the superior QoL improvement associated with tildrakizumab 200 mg compared to 100 mg. Future research should explore the long-term impact on QoL and comparative effectiveness among other biologic therapies in diverse patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Trovato
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Martina Dragotto
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Eugenio Capalbo
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Alessandra Cartocci
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Pietro Rubegni
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Laura Calabrese
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Dermatologia, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Zhang A, Zhou L, Meng Y, Ji Q, Ye M, Liu Q, Tan W, Zheng Y, Hu Z, Liu M, Xu X, Karlsson IK, Hägg S, Zhan Y. Association between psychological resilience and all-cause mortality in the Health and Retirement Study. BMJ MENTAL HEALTH 2024; 27:e301064. [PMID: 39227169 PMCID: PMC11409260 DOI: 10.1136/bmjment-2024-301064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychological resilience refers to an individual's ability to cope with and adapt to challenging life circumstances and events. OBJECTIVE This study aims to explore the association between psychological resilience and all-cause mortality in a national cohort of US older adults by a cross-sectional study. METHODS The Health and Retirement Study (2006-2008) included 10 569 participants aged ≥50. Mortality outcomes were determined using records up to May 2021. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to analyse the associations between psychological resilience and all-cause mortality. Restricted cubic splines were applied to examine the association between psychological resilience and mortality risk. FINDINGS During the follow-up period, 3489 all-cause deaths were recorded. The analysis revealed an almost linear association between psychological resilience and mortality risk. Higher levels of psychological resilience were associated with a reduced risk of all-cause mortality in models adjusting for attained age, sex, race and body mass index (HR=0.750 per 1 SD increase in psychological resilience; 95% CI 0.726, 0.775). This association remained statistically significant after further adjustment for self-reported diabetes, heart disease, stroke, cancer and hypertension (HR=0.786; 95% CI 0.760, 0.813). The relationship persisted even after accounting for smoking and other health-related behaviours (HR=0.813; 95% CI 0.802, 0.860). CONCLUSIONS This cohort study highlights the association between psychological resilience and all-cause mortality in older adults in the USA. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Psychological resilience emerges as a protective factor against mortality, emphasising its importance in maintaining health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aijie Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Liqiong Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yaxian Meng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Qianqian Ji
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Meijie Ye
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Weiri Tan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yeqi Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhao Hu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Miao Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaowei Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Ida K Karlsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara Hägg
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yiqiang Zhan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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13
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Morina N, Meyer T, McCarthy PA, Hoppen TH, Schlechter P. Evaluation of the Scales for Social Comparison of Appearance and Social Comparison of Well-Being. J Pers Assess 2024; 106:625-637. [PMID: 38215337 DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2023.2298887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
People constantly compare their appearance and well-being to that of other individuals. However, a measure of social comparison of well-being is lacking and existing appearance-related social comparison assessment is limited to comparison tendency using predefined social situations. This limits our understanding of the role of social comparison in appearance and well-being. Therefore, we developed the Scale for Social Comparison of Appearance (SSC-A) and the Scale for Social Comparison of Well-Being (SSC-W) to assess upward and downward social comparisons with regard to (a) frequency, (b) perceived discrepancy to the standard, and (c) engendered affective impact during the last 3 weeks. In one longitudinal and three cross-sectional studies (Ns = 500-1,121), we administered the SSC-A or SSC-W alongside measures of appearance social comparison, body satisfaction, self-concept, social rank, well-being, envy, rumination, depression, and anxiety. Confirmatory factor analyses supported the expected two-factor model representing upward and downward social comparison for both scales. Overall, upward comparison displayed the anticipated associations with the measured constructs, whereas downward comparison showed mostly small or nonsignificant correlations with the validators. The SSC-A and SSC-W are efficient measures of social comparison for appearance and well-being with good evidence for their reliability and validity in our samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nexhmedin Morina
- Institute of Psychology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Meyer
- Institute of Psychology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Peter A McCarthy
- Institute of Psychology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Thole H Hoppen
- Institute of Psychology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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Thakur H, Choi JW, Andrews AR, Temple JR, Cohen JR. Measurement of adolescent psychological wellbeing: A test of factor structure and measurement invariance. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2024; 34:734-744. [PMID: 38561961 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Gains in holistic approaches to adult mental health have been associated with increasing interest in understanding psychological wellbeing (PWB) among adolescents. Empirical examination of measurement models for PWB in adolescence is lacking. Thus, the current study examined PWB in a longitudinal, diverse sample of 433 adolescents (non-Latinx Black: 37.6%; non-Latinx White: 25.9%; Latinx: 36.5%; Male adolescents: 50.1%). A one-factor, correlated six-factor and hierarchical models were examined across racial/ethnic (White, Black, and Hispanic) and gender (female, male) identities, after which the best fitting model was selected to undergo invariance testing. A one-factor structure was superior, and exhibited strict invariance across racial/ethnic and gender identities at each wave of the study, as well as longitudinal invariance within the entire sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hena Thakur
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Jae Wan Choi
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Arthur R Andrews
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Ethnic Studies, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Jeff R Temple
- School of Behavioral Health Sciences, UTHealth, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Joseph R Cohen
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, USA
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Caredda M, Vescera L, Picardi A, Tarolla E, Pancheri C, Biondi M, Tondo L. Positive psychological functioning, resilience and styles of coping as buffers against suicidal behaviours. A case-control study. J Affect Disord 2024; 367:408-415. [PMID: 39226939 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.08.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 08/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies in the literature mainly focus on understanding the risk factors for suicide, giving little relevance to protective variables. This study aimed at exploring the specific contribution of protective variables (resilience, coping and psychological well-being) in hospitalized suicide attempt (SA) makers. METHODS We recruited 50 inpatients who made a SA before admission and 50 inpatients with no history of SA matched for DSM-5 diagnosis, gender and age. Protective variables were evaluated with: Brief COPE questionnaire, Dispositional Resilience Scale (DRS-15), Psychological Well-Being Scale (PWB-18). Psychopathological features and symptom severity were assessed with: Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAF), Rapid Dimensional Assessment Scale (SVARAD), Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), Clinical Global Impressions (CGI), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS17). RESULTS The DRS-15 total score was significantly lower in SA makers. SA makers displayed significantly lower scores on the Engagement and Cognitive Restructuring subscales of the Brief COPE. On the PWB-18, the Self-Acceptance subscale score was lower in SA makers. LIMITATIONS The small sample size suggests the need for caution in interpreting the results. Matching was carried out by excluding diagnoses of personality disorders. CONCLUSIONS Patients hospitalized following a SA are more often diagnosed with personality disorders, have deficit areas concerning resilience and coping, and lower psychological well-being compared to patients without a SA. When approaching a patient who has committed a SA, it may be useful to evaluate protective variables as well as risk factors, and encourage the development of adaptive coping mechanisms and positive self-evaluation through more dynamic therapeutic paths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Caredda
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.
| | - Loris Vescera
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Mental Health, Rome 2 Local Health Unit, Italy.
| | - Angelo Picardi
- Centre for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Corinna Pancheri
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Mental Health, Rome 1 Local Health Unit, Italy.
| | - Massimo Biondi
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Leonardo Tondo
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; International Consortium for Mood & Psychotic Disorder Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA; Lucio Bini Mood Disorder Centers, Cagliari and Rome, Italy
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16
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Koga HK, Grodstein F, Williams DR, Demeo DL, Kubzansky LD. Relations of optimism and purpose in life to immune markers in aging. J Psychosom Res 2024; 184:111851. [PMID: 38964200 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2024.111851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Optimism and purpose in life are associated with improved health outcomes. More information is needed on biological mechanisms, including immunosenescence. We investigated if psychological well-being is associated with healthier immunosenescence-related measures including naïve and terminally differentiated CD4+ and CD8+ T cell percentages, CD4+:CD8+, and cytomegalovirus (CMV) IgG response. METHODS Participants were adults over age 50 from the Health and Retirement Study. Optimism was measured using the Life Orientation Test Revised. Purpose in life was assessed using the subscale from the Ryff psychological well-being measure. We examined the cross-sectional associations of optimism and purpose in life with measures of T cell subsets using linear regression and with CMV IgG using ordered logit regression, controlling for potential confounding factors. RESULTS The final analytic sample ranged from 7250 to 7870. After adjusting for sociodemographic factors, a 1-SD increment in optimism was associated with the percentage of naïve CD4+ T cells increasing by 0.6 (95%CI 0.2%, 1.0%). A 1-SD increment in purpose in life was associated with the percentage of naïve CD4+ T cells increasing by 0.9 (95%CI 0.5%, 1.3%) after adjusting for sociodemographic factors and the association was maintained after further adjustments for health conditions, depression, and health behaviors. For naïve CD8+ T cell percentages, CD4:CD8 ratios, and CMV IgG antibodies, associations were seen only in models that adjusted for age. No significant associations were seen in any models for the terminally differentiated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. CONCLUSIONS We found associations of optimism and purpose in life with naïve CD4+ T cell percentages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayami K Koga
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America; Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies, Cambridge, MA, United States of America.
| | - Francine Grodstein
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - David R Williams
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America; Department of African and African American Studies, Department of Sociology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Dawn L Demeo
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Laura D Kubzansky
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
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Baklien B, Marthoenis M, Thurston M. Existential Well-Being in Nature: A Cross-Cultural and Descriptive Phenomenological Approach. THE JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMANITIES 2024; 45:225-242. [PMID: 38609682 PMCID: PMC11329423 DOI: 10.1007/s10912-024-09846-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Exploring the putative role of nature in human well-being has typically been operationalized and measured within a quantitative paradigm of research. However, such approaches are limited in the extent to which they can capture the full range of how natural experiences support well-being. The aim of the study was to explore personal experiences in nature and consider how they might be important to human health and well-being. Based on a descriptive phenomenological analysis of fifty descriptions of memorable moments in nature from England, Indonesia, and Norway, our findings illustrate a common structure presented under three themes: 1. serenity that gives rise to a growing awareness of how the body is stimulated by the senses; 2. admiration and appreciation for the sensation of beauty; 3. an emerging sense of togetherness and deep emotional bonding. The findings are discussed using the concepts of ecological time and the ecological body, which foreground being in nature as constituted as an interdependent and dynamic human process. We conclude by understanding well-being in terms of human responsiveness to their surroundings and thus as rooted in the human condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Børge Baklien
- Faculty of Social and Health Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Hamarveien 26, 2418, Elverum, Norway.
| | - Marthoenis Marthoenis
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health Nursing, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Miranda Thurston
- Faculty of Social and Health Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Hamarveien 26, 2418, Elverum, Norway
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Whitaker RC, Dearth-Wesley T, Herman AN. Parent-Child Connection and the Development of Flourishing. Acad Pediatr 2024; 24:1033-1034. [PMID: 38797474 DOI: 10.1016/j.acap.2024.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Whitaker
- Columbia-Bassett Program (RC Whitaker, T Dearth-Wesley, and AN Herman), Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY; Columbia-Bassett Program (RC Whitaker, T Dearth-Wesley, and AN Herman), Bassett Medical Center, Cooperstown, NY; Bassett Research Institute (RC Whitaker, T Dearth-Wesley, and AN Herman), Bassett Medical Center, Cooperstown, NY; Department of Pediatrics (RC Whitaker), Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY.
| | - Tracy Dearth-Wesley
- Columbia-Bassett Program (RC Whitaker, T Dearth-Wesley, and AN Herman), Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY; Columbia-Bassett Program (RC Whitaker, T Dearth-Wesley, and AN Herman), Bassett Medical Center, Cooperstown, NY; Bassett Research Institute (RC Whitaker, T Dearth-Wesley, and AN Herman), Bassett Medical Center, Cooperstown, NY
| | - Allison N Herman
- Columbia-Bassett Program (RC Whitaker, T Dearth-Wesley, and AN Herman), Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY; Columbia-Bassett Program (RC Whitaker, T Dearth-Wesley, and AN Herman), Bassett Medical Center, Cooperstown, NY; Bassett Research Institute (RC Whitaker, T Dearth-Wesley, and AN Herman), Bassett Medical Center, Cooperstown, NY
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Schlechter P, Hellmann JH, Morina N. The longitudinal relationship between well-being comparisons and anxiety symptoms in the context of uncontrollability of worries and external locus of control: a two-wave study. ANXIETY, STRESS, AND COPING 2024; 37:602-614. [PMID: 38248916 DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2024.2306530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety is a prevalent mental health condition. Comparisons of one's own well-being to different aversive standards may contribute to the development and maintenance of anxiety symptoms. OBJECTIVES Our primary goal was to investigate whether aversive well-being comparisons predict anxiety symptoms and vice versa. Additionally, we aimed at examining exploratorily whether well-being comparisons are reciprocally related to metacognitive beliefs about worrying and external control beliefs. METHODS In this two-wave longitudinal survey design, 922 participants completed measures of anxiety, metacognitions about the uncontrollability of worries, external locus of control, and the Comparison Standards Scale for Well-being (CSS-W) at two timepoints, three-months apart. The CSS-W assesses the frequency, perceived discrepancy, and affective impact of social, temporal, counterfactual, and criteria-based comparisons. RESULTS When autoregressive effects were adjusted for, aversive comparison frequency, comparison affective impact, and uncontrollability of worries at the first timepoint predicted subsequent anxiety symptoms. Furthermore, well-being comparison frequency and discrepancy at the second timepoint were predicted by baseline anxiety symptoms. External locus of control predicted comparison frequency and discrepancy. CONCLUSIONS Well-being comparisons contribute distinct variance to anxiety symptoms and vice versa, pointing to a vicious cirlcle of symptom escalation. These findings have significant implications for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jens H Hellmann
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research on Conflict and Violence, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Nexhmedin Morina
- Institute of Psychology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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20
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Galarraga L, Noriega C, Pérez-Rojo G, López J. Emotional competences as predictors of psychological wellbeing and quality of life of supplementary grandparents caregivers. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1411634. [PMID: 39257407 PMCID: PMC11385862 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1411634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Grandparents are increasingly becoming key figures in the supplementary care of grandchildren. Based on the Resilience Model of Family Stress, Adjustment and Adaptation, the present study aims to analyze the emotional competences that canpl predict higher levels of psychological wellbeing and quality of life in supplementary grandparents caregivers. Methods A sample of 270 supplementary grandparents caregivers living in Spain participated. Most participants were women (71.1%), and the mean age was 67.83 years (SD = 6.26). Most participants were occasional caregivers, that is, they care for less than 10 h per week (76.3%). We conducted hierarchical multiple regression analysis, one for psychological wellbeing and the other for quality of life. Results The regression model for psychological wellbeing identified that age, management of caregiving stress, self-confidence in the caregiving role, management of work-life balance difficulties and emotional self-regulation explained 32.8% of its variance. The regression model for quality of life showed that age, type of grandparent caregiver, management of caregiving stress, management of work-life balance difficulties and emotional self-regulation explained 31.2% of its variance. Conclusion This study focuses on supplementary grandparents caregivers, whereas literature has tended to look at primary grandparents caregivers. The results highlight the role of emotional competences as predictors of supplementary grandparents caregivers' psychological wellbeing and quality of life, overcoming the usual tendency in the literature to focus on the negative consequences of grandparents caregiving for grandchildren, and emphasizing the competences that grandparents have to cope with this care in a satisfactory way, which, moreover, can be trained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyre Galarraga
- Department of Psychology and Psychopedagogy, Faculty of Medicine, CEU San Pablo University, Madrid, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación Envejecimiento (BUENA VEJEZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Noriega
- Department of Psychology and Psychopedagogy, Faculty of Medicine, CEU San Pablo University, Madrid, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación Envejecimiento (BUENA VEJEZ), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Estudios de las Adicciones (IEA-CEU), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema Pérez-Rojo
- Department of Psychology and Psychopedagogy, Faculty of Medicine, CEU San Pablo University, Madrid, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación Envejecimiento (BUENA VEJEZ), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Estudios de las Adicciones (IEA-CEU), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier López
- Department of Psychology and Psychopedagogy, Faculty of Medicine, CEU San Pablo University, Madrid, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación Envejecimiento (BUENA VEJEZ), Madrid, Spain
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Suberry A, Bodner E. Psychological Well-Being and Self-Aging Attitudes Moderate the Association between Subjective Age and Age Discrimination in the Workplace. Behav Sci (Basel) 2024; 14:742. [PMID: 39335958 PMCID: PMC11428681 DOI: 10.3390/bs14090742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Views of aging include peoples' assessment of their own aging process and their subjective age. Positive views of aging relate to a improved psychological well-being which predicts better physical and mental health. While these relationships were substantially studied, the moderating roles of self-aging attitudes and psychological well-being in the subjective age-age discrimination connection have been much less explored. The current study used a convenience sample of 568 participants (mean = 66.21y, SD = 11.95, age range 50-95), 55.8% women, 67.1% employed. In line with the hypotheses, young subjective age and psychological well-being were connected to less age discrimination in the workplace, and higher psychological well-being mitigated the subjective age-age discrimination at work connection. When the perception of old age as a period of loss was added to the model, adults who perceived old age as a period of loss and reported lower levels of psychological well-being demonstrated the strongest relationship between an increase in subjective age and an increase in age-related discrimination at work. The findings emphasize the importance of the psychological well-being of older employees as a resource for improving their attitudes towards their last years at work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assaf Suberry
- Department of Social & Health Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Ehud Bodner
- Department of Social & Health Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
- Music Department, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
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Wu D, Dong X. Autonomy support, peer relations, and teacher-student interactions: implications for psychological well-being in language learning. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1358776. [PMID: 39300996 PMCID: PMC11412206 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1358776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction This research explores the intricate interplay among teacher-student relationships, perceived autonomy support, peer relationships, and their collective impact on the psychological well-being of 387 university students enrolled in French language courses across diverse academic institutions in China. Methods Employing Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), this study aims to establish the validity and robustness of the proposed model. Data collection involved online surveys utilizing Likert scales and standardized measures to assess variables concerning educational relationships and psychological well-being. Results The findings reveal significant associations between teacher-student relationships, autonomy support, positive peer relationships, and psychological well-being. Importantly, analyses demonstrate the influential role of positive peer relationships in mediating the effects of teacher-student relationships and autonomy support on students' psychological well-being. Discussion These outcomes emphasize the crucial significance of educational relationships in shaping students' psychological well-being within academic settings. The findings contribute to understanding the nuanced dynamics of educational interactions and their profound implications for student well-being. This highlights the necessity of cultivating positive educational environments for enhanced student mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Department of French and Francophone Studies, Dalian University of Foreign Languages, Dalian, China
| | - Xin Dong
- Education, Training, Work and Knowledge Laboratory, Université Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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Willis S, Mellick M, Neil R, Wasley D. "I feel like a fish out of water": interpreting the occupational stress and well-being experiences of professional classical musicians. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1374773. [PMID: 39205987 PMCID: PMC11351566 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1374773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Professional classical musicians operate within a highly demanding environment, which includes organizational, social, and emotional demands. When not effectively coped with, these demands may cause stress and negatively impact well-being. This qualitative study explored the perceived stress and well-being experiences of professional classical musicians through a transactional theory of stress. The study employed a double hermeneutic interpretation of the lived experiences of the perceived demands faced, stress appraisals made, resources used, and the influence on well-being. Methods Six professional classical musicians were purposefully selected for participation. Semi-structured interviews were conducted and participants reflected on two events: one they perceived as a positive experience and one that was negative. Transcripts were analyzed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis and Group Experiential Themes emerged. Results Three Group Experiential Themes were identified: (a) Performance Demands; (b) Organizational Demands; and, (c) Relationship Demands. Participants predominantly appraised demands as a threat. A small number of demands were appraised as a challenge or benefit, and the fewest demands were appraised as causing harm or loss. Participants' appraisals were informed by underlying properties of stress appraisal such as self and other comparison, and preparation. Participants often relied on personal resources as opposed to available workplace resources. They perceived well-being to relate to stress appraisals with participants experiencing acute and long-term outcomes. Discussion This study offers insight into the lived experience of the occupational stress process within professional classical musicians. The findings demonstrate that organizational interventions targeted at continuing professional development and social support are appropriate to help musicians cope more effectively with demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Willis
- Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Specialist Unit for Review Evidence, Cardiff University, Neuadd Meirionnydd, Heath Park, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Mikel Mellick
- Centre for Health, Activity and Wellbeing Research (CAWR), School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Rich Neil
- Research and Innovation Services, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - David Wasley
- Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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Guo J, Wang J, Dove A, Bennett DA, Xu W. Psychological well-being trajectories preceding incident mild cognitive impairment and dementia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2024:jnnp-2024-333837. [PMID: 39137975 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2024-333837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poorer psychological well-being has been related to an increased dementia risk, but changes in psychological well-being along the dementia course are unclear. We explored psychological well-being trajectories before and after the diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. METHODS Within the Rush Memory and Aging Project, 910 cognitively intact older adults were followed annually for up to 14 years to detect incident MCI and dementia. Psychological well-being and its six components (self-acceptance, autonomy, environmental mastery, purpose in life, positive relation with others, and personal growth) were annually measured based on Ryff's Scales of Psychological Well-Being. Data were analysed using mixed-effect models with a backward timescale. RESULTS Compared with participants who remained cognitively intact, those who developed incident MCI had a faster decline in psychological well-being (β -0.015, 95% CI -0.027 to -0.003), leading to lower well-being 2 years before MCI diagnosis (mean difference at year -2, -0.099, 95% CI -0.187 to -0.012). Considering different well-being components, those who developed MCI had lower levels of purpose in life and personal growth beginning 3 years (-0.126, 95% CI -0.251 to -0.001) and 6 years (-0.139, 95% CI -0.268 to -0.009) before MCI, respectively. The slope of psychological well-being decline was similar before and after MCI diagnosis for each component except for positive relation with others, which had an accelerated decline after MCI (β -0.042, 95% CI-0.075 to -0.009). Well-being trajectories remained similar for individuals with MCI regardless of whether they later developed dementia. CONCLUSIONS Psychological well-being (specifically purpose in life and personal growth) became significantly lower before MCI diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Guo
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jiao Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Abigail Dove
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Weili Xu
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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25
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Merlo EM, Sicari F, Myles LAM, Settineri S. Euthymia, Psychological Well-Being, and Professional Quality of Life in Health Care Workers. CLINICAL NEUROPSYCHIATRY 2024; 21:266-275. [PMID: 39309027 PMCID: PMC11411509 DOI: 10.36131/cnfioritieditore20240403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Objective Euthymia is a transdiagnostic construct characterized by the presence of positive mood states, psychological flexibility and resilience. These components contribute to psychological wellbeing and support mental functioning. Exposure to suffering and high levels of stress can lead to the onset of burnout and secondary traumatic stress, but also lack of compassion satisfaction. The study aimed to test the existing relationships between euthymia, psychological well-being, and factors associated with quality of life of healthy participants involved in medical settings. Method The sample was composed of 177 healthy participants involved in medical settings, 118 women (66.7%) and 59 men (33.3%) aged between 19 and 69 years old (mean = 27.16; SD = 8.47). Standardized psychodiagnostics instruments were used to assess euthymia (Euthymia Scale-ES), psychological well-being (The Well-Being Index scale-WHO-5) and the quality of life of the involved participants (Professional Quality of Life Measure-ProQOL-5). Results The results showed that gender, well-being and psychological well-being were predictors of compassion satisfaction and secondary traumatic stress. Specifically, female gender predicted higher levels of compassion satisfaction. Well-being and psychological flexibility predicted higher levels of compassion satisfaction and lower secondary traumatic stress. Psychological well-being predicted higher levels of compassion satisfaction. Conclusions Promoting euthymia and well-being helps individuals to preserve psychological well-being and increase tolerance to stressful life situations. Results highlighted the need for promoting health care professionals' euthymia and well-being. In line with evidence, encouraging interventions based on evidence appears relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Maria Merlo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Federica Sicari
- Department of Cognitive Sciences, Education and Cultural Studies, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Salvatore Settineri
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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26
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Kim ES, Wilkinson R, Case BW, Cowden RG, Okuzono SS, VanderWeele TJ. Connected communities: Perceived neighborhood social cohesion during adolescence and subsequent health and well-being in young adulthood-An outcome-wide longitudinal approach. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2024; 52:774-791. [PMID: 38968375 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.23130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Does higher perceived neighborhood social cohesion in adolescence lead to better health and well-being 10-12 years later? We evaluated this question using data from a large, prospective, and nationally representative sample of US adolescents (Add Health; N = 10,963), and an outcome-wide approach. Across 38 outcomes, perceived neighborhood social cohesion was associated with some: mental health outcomes (i.e., depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation, perceived stress), psychological well-being outcomes (i.e., happiness, optimism), social outcomes (i.e., loneliness, romantic relationship quality, satisfaction with parenting), and civic/prosocial outcomes (i.e., volunteering). However, it was not associated with health behaviors nor physical health outcomes. These results were maintained after robust control for a wide range of potential confounders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric S Kim
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Human Flourishing Program, Institute for Quantitative Social Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Lee Kum Sheung Center for Health and Happiness, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Renae Wilkinson
- Human Flourishing Program, Institute for Quantitative Social Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brendan W Case
- Human Flourishing Program, Institute for Quantitative Social Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Richard G Cowden
- Human Flourishing Program, Institute for Quantitative Social Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sakurako S Okuzono
- Department of Social & Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tyler J VanderWeele
- Human Flourishing Program, Institute for Quantitative Social Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Almutlaq BA, Almohaimeed LA, Kahin SA, Alsubaie MS. Psychological resilience and well-being among a sample of Saudi. Saudi Med J 2024; 45:963-967. [PMID: 39218473 PMCID: PMC11376708 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2024.45.9.20240467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the correlation between psychological resilience and well-being, considering various demographic factors within a Saudi society. METHODS This study was carried out in King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia from January to March 2023. A total of 746 male and female participants aged 18 and above were surveyed. We used a comparative, descriptive, correlational research method to achieve the study objectives, utilizing Conner and Davidson's resilience measure and Ryff's well-being scale for data collection. The statistical methods employed included Spearman's correlation coefficient, t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Mann-Whitney U, and Kruskal-Wallis tests. RESULTS The study revealed a positive link between psychological resilience and well-being, emphasizing their significance in mental health concepts and quality of life. Furthermore, there were notable differences among males and females and various economic- and education-level groups concerning psychological resilience and well-being. CONCLUSION Psychological resilience and well-being are essential variables that warrant consideration in future mental health research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashayr A Almutlaq
- From the Psychology Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Lulu A Almohaimeed
- From the Psychology Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Soumaya A Kahin
- From the Psychology Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Modi S Alsubaie
- From the Psychology Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Velez MJ, Marujo HA, Charepe Z, Querido A, Laranjeira C. Well-Being and Dispositional Hope in a Sample of Portuguese Citizens: The Mediating Role of Mental Health. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2024; 14:2101-2115. [PMID: 39056655 PMCID: PMC11275276 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe14070140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In our pursuit of a fulfilling and contented life, the study of well-being has emerged as a fundamental field of research. Higher levels of well-being are associated with better mental health outcomes. Individuals with better mental health might possess the personal resources necessary to set and pursue meaningful goals, maintain positive expectations, and overcome adversities. We aim to explore the positive relationship between well-being (hedonic, psychological, and social) and dispositional hope. We suggest that mental health acts as a mediator in this relationship, since improved mental health can create a conducive environment for the development and maintenance of dispositional hope. Data were collected using an e-survey through social media during the last quarter of 2022. The hypothesis of this study was tested using mediation analysis. The sample was composed of 471 participants (85.4% female) with a mean age of 47.72 ± 11.86 years. Participants were mainly workers (88.6%), followed by pensioners (6.8%), university students (2.5%), and unemployed (2.1%). Results revealed that well-being was positively and significantly associated with dispositional hope. Additionally, well-being presented a significant and positive relationship with mental health, which, in turn, also presented a significant and positive relationship with dispositional hope. Finally, using the Hayes process macro for SPSS, we found that mental health mediates the relationship between well-being and dispositional hope. Our findings reinforce the conceptual frameworks that consider well-being and mental health as key contributors to a resilient and optimistic mindset. Interventions that aim to cultivate positive affect, facilitate personal growth, and foster supportive social environments might help improve mental health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria João Velez
- Department of Human Resources and Organizational Behavior, ISCTE-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, Avenida das Forças Armadas, 1649-026 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Helena A. Marujo
- Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e Políticas, Centro de Administração e Políticas Públicas (CAPP), Universidade de Lisboa, Rua Almerindo Lessa, 1300-663 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Zaida Charepe
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Health (CIIS), Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Palma de Cima, 1649-023 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Nursing, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Palma de Cima, 1649-023 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Querido
- School of Health Sciences, Campus 2, Polytechnic University of Leiria, Morro do Lena, Alto do Vieiro, Apartado 4137, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal;
- Centre for Innovative Care and Health Technology (ciTechCare), Campus 5, Polytechnic University of Leiria, Rua das Olhalvas, 2414-016 Leiria, Portugal
- Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), NursID, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carlos Laranjeira
- School of Health Sciences, Campus 2, Polytechnic University of Leiria, Morro do Lena, Alto do Vieiro, Apartado 4137, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal;
- Centre for Innovative Care and Health Technology (ciTechCare), Campus 5, Polytechnic University of Leiria, Rua das Olhalvas, 2414-016 Leiria, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), University of Évora, 7000-801 Évora, Portugal
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Lam JR, Park HRP, Gatt JM. Measuring mental wellbeing in clinical and non-clinical adolescents using the COMPAS-W Wellbeing Scale. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1333828. [PMID: 38988735 PMCID: PMC11234841 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1333828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Adolescence is a key period of vulnerability for poor mental health as the brain is still developing and may be more sensitive to the negative impacts of stress and adversity. Unfortunately, few measures comprehensively assess wellbeing in adolescents. Methods The 26-item COMPAS-W Wellbeing Scale for adults was validated in a sample of 1,078 adolescents aged 13-17 years old (51.67% male, 79.13% non-clinical vs 20.87% psychiatric or developmental clinical cases). The six COMPAS-W sub-scales and total scale were examined in this sample using second-order confirmatory factor analysis, and psychometric testing. Results The 23-item COMPAS-W demonstrated the best fit for this sample according to goodness-of-fit indices (χ 2 (220, 1078) = 1439.395, p < 0.001, CFI = 0.893, TLI = 0.877, RMSEA = 0.070, SRMR = 0.095). Internal reliability for the confirmed 23-item COMPAS-W model was run for the total scale (α = 0.912) and sub-scales (Composure, α = 0.735; Own-worth, α = 0.601; Mastery, α = 0.757; Positivity, α = 0.721; Achievement, α = 0.827; and Satisfaction, α = 0.867). Test-retest reliability over 6 weeks was also good for the total scale at r = 0.845 and the sub-scales: Composure (r = 0.754), Own-worth (r = 0.743), Mastery (r = 0.715), Positivity (r = 0.750), Achievement (r = 0.750), and Satisfaction (r = 0.812). Compared with non-clinical participants' wellbeing (M = 90.375, SE = 0.400), those with clinical diagnoses reported lower wellbeing, both for those with developmental diagnoses (M = 85.088, SE = 1.188), or psychiatric diagnoses (M = 78.189, SE = 1.758), or combined developmental and psychiatric diagnoses (M = 77.079, SE = 2.116). Yet, when wellbeing category scores were considered by diagnosis group, both non-clinical and clinical groups demonstrated incidence across all three categories of languishing, moderate and flourishing wellbeing, in support of the dual-continua model of mental health. On average, younger adolescents' (13-14 years) wellbeing did not differ from older adolescents' (15-17 years) wellbeing; however, for sex, males scored 1.731 points significantly higher in wellbeing compared with females (p = 0.028); and American participants scored 3.042 points significantly higher in wellbeing compared with Australian participants (p < 0.001). Discussion In conclusion, the 23-item COMPAS-W is a reliable measure of wellbeing for adolescents, both for those with and without developmental and psychiatric diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine R. Lam
- Centre for Wellbeing, Resilience and Recovery, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Haeme R. P. Park
- Centre for Wellbeing, Resilience and Recovery, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Justine M. Gatt
- Centre for Wellbeing, Resilience and Recovery, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Bernacer J. Caring for people with disability and human growth: evolutionary perspectives and contribution to psychological wellbeing. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1371436. [PMID: 38979063 PMCID: PMC11228328 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1371436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
From an evolutionary point of view, organisms with mutations resulting in maladaptation are an unavoidable result of genetic variability, and they do not usually survive natural selection. Thus, they do not produce benefits for the species. I contend that this is different in humans at two levels. First, the existence of people with disability has been essential for human growth as a species. Human ancestors' evolving cognitive and social abilities were boosted by caring for vulnerable members of the species, including premature offspring and people with disability. Therefore, caregiving was an essential trait of the evolution of humans, intertwined with the development of bipedalism, the hand, face, vocal apparatus, and brain. Second, caring for disability is also a source of growth at a personal level. Even though most scientific literature focuses on the stress and burden caused by caring for people with disability, there is solid evidence to accept caregiving as a source of happiness and flourishing for human beings. Hence, disability still has an essential role in improving human life nowadays. Contrary to this evidence, influential utilitarian bioethicists promote the elimination of disability from modern societies. Following the arguments presented here, this will lead to the withering of society. In conclusion, disability should be acknowledged as an essential source of growth for the human species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Bernacer
- Mind-Brain Group, Institute for Culture and Society (ICS), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- International Center of Neuroscience and Ethics (CINET), Tatiana Foundation, Madrid, Spain
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Pynnönen K, Kokko K, Rantanen T. Social participation and mental well-being: Does purpose in life mediate the association among older adults? Aging Ment Health 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38907539 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2024.2363356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We investigated the association of social participation with mental well-being among older people and whether purpose in life mediates the potential association. METHOD Cross-sectional (n = 1014) and longitudinal (n = 660, four-year follow-up) data comprised of three age cohorts (75, 80, and 85 years) of community-dwelling people. Life satisfaction was measured with the Satisfaction with Life Scale, depressive symptoms with the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, and purpose in life with the Scales of Psychological Well-Being purpose in life subscale. Social participation was assessed with questions concerning the frequency of meeting close friends and acquaintances, and volunteering. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. RESULTS Higher social participation was associated with higher life satisfaction and fewer depressive symptoms both cross-sectionally and after a four-year follow-up. Higher purpose in life mediated the associations of more social participation with higher life satisfaction and fewer depressive symptoms cross-sectionally. In the longitudinal data, the mediation effect was not observed. CONCLUSION Older people with frequent social participation who had a sense of purpose in their lives will likely have higher mental well-being than those with less social participation. Enabling and supporting them to conduct purposeful actions in social contexts may help maintain their mental well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Pynnönen
- Gerontology Research Center and Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Katja Kokko
- Gerontology Research Center and Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Taina Rantanen
- Gerontology Research Center and Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Campos ML, Bolgeri P, Bascur A. The effect of a collective competence intervention on collective efficacy, psychological wellbeing, and social wellbeing: a quasi-experimental study of a sample of healthcare workers during the COVID-19 crisis. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1369251. [PMID: 38962231 PMCID: PMC11220720 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1369251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The health crisis associated with COVID-19 led to a period of increased demand on the operational and social organization of healthcare centers, which often had a negative impact on the psychological and social wellbeing of healthcare workers. In order to tackle this issue, an intervention plan was designed to develop collective competences through various participatory strategies. This study sought to determine the effect of this intervention on the variables collective efficacy, psychological wellbeing, and social wellbeing in healthcare workers by performing a pretest and posttest comparison with a control group. Method The variables were evaluated using a non-probability, purposive sample of 80 healthcare workers from three Family Healthcare Centers (CESFAM) located in the Coquimbo Region, Chile, within health crisis context. The intervention group was composed of voluntary participants, while the control group only completed the evaluations. The intervention consisted in 6 training workshops focused on improving collective management, group synergy, collaborative problem-solving, communicative strategies, and overall team care. Results The analysis shows that the collective competence intervention had a positive effect on the collective efficacy, psychological wellbeing, and social wellbeing of the participating healthcare workers during the COVID-19 crisis. Only specific factors of these variables did not undergo a significant impact. Conclusion The results of this study suggest that interventions aimed at improving collective organizational competences, apart from increasing collective efficacy, can have a positive impact on healthcare workers' psychological and social wellbeing in a context of occupational adversity.
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Pinheiro MF, Relva IC, Costa M, Mota CP. The Role of Social Support and Sleep Quality in the Psychological Well-Being of Nurses and Doctors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:786. [PMID: 38929032 PMCID: PMC11204052 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21060786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Social support enhances the development of adaptive strategies to cope with difficulties, which may affect psychological well-being. Sleep quality has been highlighted as having a relevant role in psychological well-being. The present study aimed to analyse the role of social support and sleep quality in the psychological well-being of health professionals (nurses and doctors) compared to the general population. The sample comprised 466 adults aged between 18 and 75 (M = 43.4; SD = 10.8), of which 272 were the general population and 194 nurses and doctors. Data were collected through a Sociodemographic Questionnaire, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and the Psychological Well-Being Manifestation Measure Scale. Nurses presented less balance (also doctors), sociability and happiness than other professionals. Less significant sociability was observed in nurses compared with doctors. The results also allowed us to observe the positive role of social support from significant others on social involvement and sociability and the positive role of the family in self-esteem. Social support from friends played a positive role in all dimensions of psychological well-being. Males had a higher prevalence of psychological well-being. Other professionals and sleep quality show high levels of psychological well-being in all dimensions. Data discussion highlights the role of social support, sleep, and sex and the implications of health professions (nurses and doctors) on psychological well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Frazão Pinheiro
- Department of Education and Psychology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (M.F.P.); (I.C.R.); (M.C.)
| | - Inês Carvalho Relva
- Department of Education and Psychology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (M.F.P.); (I.C.R.); (M.C.)
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Centre for Research and Intervention in Education (CIIE), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Mónica Costa
- Department of Education and Psychology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (M.F.P.); (I.C.R.); (M.C.)
- Center for Psychology at the University of Porto (CPUP), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Catarina Pinheiro Mota
- Department of Education and Psychology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (M.F.P.); (I.C.R.); (M.C.)
- Center for Psychology at the University of Porto (CPUP), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
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Vuoksimaa E, Saari TT, Aaltonen A, Aaltonen S, Herukka SK, Iso-Markku P, Kokkola T, Kyttälä A, Kärkkäinen S, Liedes H, Ollikainen M, Palviainen T, Ruotsalainen I, Toivola A, Urjansson M, Vasankari T, Vähä-Ypyä H, Forsberg MM, Hiltunen M, Jalanko A, Kälviäinen R, Kuopio T, Lähteenmäki J, Nyberg P, Männikkö M, Serpi R, Siltanen S, Palotie A, Kaprio J, Runz H, Julkunen V. TWINGEN: protocol for an observational clinical biobank recall and biomarker cohort study to identify Finnish individuals with high risk of Alzheimer's disease. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e081947. [PMID: 38866570 PMCID: PMC11177688 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-081947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A better understanding of the earliest stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD) could expedite the development or administration of treatments. Large population biobanks hold the promise to identify individuals at an elevated risk of AD and related dementias based on health registry information. Here, we establish the protocol for an observational clinical recall and biomarker study called TWINGEN with the aim to identify individuals at high risk of AD by assessing cognition, health and AD-related biomarkers. Suitable candidates were identified and invited to participate in the new study among THL Biobank donors according to TWINGEN study criteria. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A multi-centre study (n=800) to obtain blood-based biomarkers, telephone-administered and web-based memory and cognitive parameters, questionnaire information on lifestyle, health and psychological factors, and accelerometer data for measures of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep. A subcohort is being asked to participate in an in-person neuropsychological assessment (n=200) and wear an Oura ring (n=50). All participants in the TWINGEN study have genome-wide genotyping data and up to 48 years of follow-up data from the population-based older Finnish Twin Cohort (FTC) study of the University of Helsinki. The data collected in TWINGEN will be returned to THL Biobank from where it can later be requested for other biobank studies such as FinnGen that supported TWINGEN. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This recall study consists of FTC/THL Biobank/FinnGen participants whose data were acquired in accordance with the Finnish Biobank Act. The recruitment protocols followed the biobank protocols approved by Finnish Medicines Agency. The TWINGEN study plan was approved by the Ethics Committee of Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa (number 16831/2022). THL Biobank approved the research plan with the permission no: THLBB2022_83.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eero Vuoksimaa
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Toni T Saari
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aino Aaltonen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sari Aaltonen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sanna-Kaisa Herukka
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Neurology, NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Paula Iso-Markku
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tarja Kokkola
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Aija Kyttälä
- THL Biobank, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sari Kärkkäinen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Hilkka Liedes
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Oulu, Finland
| | - Miina Ollikainen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Teemu Palviainen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilona Ruotsalainen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Espoo, Finland
| | - Auli Toivola
- THL Biobank, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mia Urjansson
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tommi Vasankari
- UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Pirkanmaa, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Henri Vähä-Ypyä
- UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Pirkanmaa, Finland
| | - Markus M Forsberg
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mikko Hiltunen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anu Jalanko
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Reetta Kälviäinen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Neurology, NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Teijo Kuopio
- Central Finland Biobank, Wellbeing Services County of Central Finland and University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | | | - Pia Nyberg
- Biobank Borealis of Northern Finland, Oulu University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of North Ostrobothnia, Oulu, Finland
- Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Minna Männikkö
- Arctic Biobank, Infrastructure for Population Studies, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Raisa Serpi
- Biobank Borealis of Northern Finland, Oulu University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of North Ostrobothnia, Oulu, Finland
| | - Sanna Siltanen
- Finnish Clinical Biobank Tampere, Tampere University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of Pirkanmaa, Tampere, Finland
| | - Aarno Palotie
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Department of Neurology and Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- The Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research and Program in Medical and Population Genetics, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heiko Runz
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Sciences, Biogen Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Valtteri Julkunen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Neurology, NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
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Fiorindi C, Giudici F, Testa GD, Foti L, Romanazzo S, Tognozzi C, Mansueto G, Scaringi S, Cuffaro F, Nannoni A, Soop M, Baldini G. Multimodal Prehabilitation for Patients with Crohn's Disease Scheduled for Major Surgery: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:1783. [PMID: 38892714 PMCID: PMC11174506 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Approximately 15-50% of patients with Crohn's disease (CD) will require surgery within ten years following the diagnosis. The management of modifiable risk factors before surgery is essential to reduce postoperative complications and to promote a better postoperative recovery. Preoperative malnutrition reduced functional capacity, sarcopenia, immunosuppressive medications, anemia, and psychological distress are frequently present in CD patients. Multimodal prehabilitation consists of nutritional, functional, medical, and psychological interventions implemented before surgery, aiming at optimizing preoperative status and improve postoperative recovery. Currently, studies evaluating the effect of multimodal prehabilitation on postoperative outcomes specifically in CD are lacking. Some studies have investigated the effect of a single prehabilitation intervention, of which nutritional optimization is the most investigated. The aim of this narrative review is to present the physiologic rationale supporting multimodal surgical prehabilitation in CD patients waiting for surgery, and to describe its main components to facilitate their adoption in the preoperative standard of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Fiorindi
- Department of Health Science, University of Firenze, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi, Largo Brambilla 3, 50139 Florence, Italy; (S.R.); (C.T.); (G.M.); (F.C.); (A.N.); (G.B.)
- Multimodal Prehabilitation Center, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, Largo Brambilla 6, 50135 Florence, Italy; (G.D.T.); (L.F.)
| | - Francesco Giudici
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 6, 50135 Florence, Italy; (F.G.); (S.S.)
| | - Giuseppe Dario Testa
- Multimodal Prehabilitation Center, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, Largo Brambilla 6, 50135 Florence, Italy; (G.D.T.); (L.F.)
- Division of Geriatric and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Florence, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi, Largo Brambilla 3, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Foti
- Multimodal Prehabilitation Center, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, Largo Brambilla 6, 50135 Florence, Italy; (G.D.T.); (L.F.)
- Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Sara Romanazzo
- Department of Health Science, University of Firenze, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi, Largo Brambilla 3, 50139 Florence, Italy; (S.R.); (C.T.); (G.M.); (F.C.); (A.N.); (G.B.)
- Multimodal Prehabilitation Center, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, Largo Brambilla 6, 50135 Florence, Italy; (G.D.T.); (L.F.)
| | - Cristina Tognozzi
- Department of Health Science, University of Firenze, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi, Largo Brambilla 3, 50139 Florence, Italy; (S.R.); (C.T.); (G.M.); (F.C.); (A.N.); (G.B.)
- Multimodal Prehabilitation Center, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, Largo Brambilla 6, 50135 Florence, Italy; (G.D.T.); (L.F.)
| | - Giovanni Mansueto
- Department of Health Science, University of Firenze, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi, Largo Brambilla 3, 50139 Florence, Italy; (S.R.); (C.T.); (G.M.); (F.C.); (A.N.); (G.B.)
- Multimodal Prehabilitation Center, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, Largo Brambilla 6, 50135 Florence, Italy; (G.D.T.); (L.F.)
| | - Stefano Scaringi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 6, 50135 Florence, Italy; (F.G.); (S.S.)
| | - Francesca Cuffaro
- Department of Health Science, University of Firenze, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi, Largo Brambilla 3, 50139 Florence, Italy; (S.R.); (C.T.); (G.M.); (F.C.); (A.N.); (G.B.)
| | - Anita Nannoni
- Department of Health Science, University of Firenze, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi, Largo Brambilla 3, 50139 Florence, Italy; (S.R.); (C.T.); (G.M.); (F.C.); (A.N.); (G.B.)
| | - Mattias Soop
- Department for IBD and Intestinal Failure Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, SE 177 76 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Gabriele Baldini
- Department of Health Science, University of Firenze, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi, Largo Brambilla 3, 50139 Florence, Italy; (S.R.); (C.T.); (G.M.); (F.C.); (A.N.); (G.B.)
- Multimodal Prehabilitation Center, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, Largo Brambilla 6, 50135 Florence, Italy; (G.D.T.); (L.F.)
- Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50139 Florence, Italy
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Zábó V, Erát D, Vargha A, Vincze Á, Harangozó J, Iváncsics M, Farkas J, Balogh G, Pongrácz F, Bognár J, Nagy E, Gonda X, Purebl G. Mental health competencies are stronger determinants of well-being than mental disorder symptoms in both psychiatric and non-clinical samples. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12943. [PMID: 38839972 PMCID: PMC11153550 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63674-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate whether the strength of mental health competencies and the severity of mental disorder symptoms, and their interaction, differ in the strength of their associations with several dimensions of well-being in Hungarian adult psychiatric and non-clinical samples. All respondent in the psychiatric sample (129 patients (44 male, 85 female)) and in the non-clinical community sample (253 adults (43 male, 210 female)) completed the Mental Health Test, six measures of well-being and mental health, and the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised. Including both mental health competencies and mental disorder symptoms in a regression model in both samples can predict patients' well-being even more accurately. Mental health competencies were positively related; mental disorder symptoms were negatively related to subjective well-being. In all models and in both samples, mental health competencies were found to be stronger determinants of well-being than mental disorder symptoms. The interaction of mental health competencies and mental disorder symptoms is no more predictive of well-being in either psychiatric or non-clinical samples than when the effects of each are considered separately. The assessment of mental health competencies has an important predictive value for well-being in the presence of psychopathological symptoms and/or mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virág Zábó
- Doctoral School of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Faculty of Education and Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dávid Erát
- Department of Sociology, University of Pécs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - András Vargha
- Faculty of Education and Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Person- and Family-Oriented Health Science Research Group, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Institute of Psychology, Károli Gáspár University of the Reformed Church in Hungary, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Vincze
- Doctoral School of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Faculty of Education and Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- National Institute of Mental Health, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Nyírő Gyula Hospital, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Judit Harangozó
- Community Psychiatry Centre, Semmelweis University - Awakenings Foundation, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Máté Iváncsics
- National Institute of Mental Health, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Nyírő Gyula Hospital, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Judit Farkas
- Faculty of Education and Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- National Institute of Mental Health, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Nyírő Gyula Hospital, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Balogh
- National Institute of Mental Health, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Nyírő Gyula Hospital, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Fanni Pongrácz
- Faculty of Education and Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Judit Bognár
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Enikő Nagy
- Faculty of Education and Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Xenia Gonda
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
- NAP3.0-SE Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - György Purebl
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Imoh Udoh I, Mpofu E, Prybutok G, Ingman S. Subjective Aging and Basic Activities of Daily Living: Moderation by Health Care Access and Mediation by Health Care Resources. J Appl Gerontol 2024:7334648241257993. [PMID: 38830307 DOI: 10.1177/07334648241257993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Subjective aging in older adults is associated with a decline in basic activities of daily living (bADL), although this is less well studied with increasing age cohorts by their healthcare resources (HCR) and healthcare access (HCA) controlling for sociodemographics. We aimed to address this gap in knowledge by analyzing the National Health and Aging Trends round 11 data set on 3303 older adults aged 70 to above 90, comprising 42% male and 58% female by age cohort (middle-old -70-79, n = 1409; older-old -80-89, n = 1432, oldest-old- 90 plus, n = 462). Results of mediation-moderation analysis show the subjective aging whole model comprising subjective cognitive decline, HCR, HCA, and sociodemographic to predict a decline in bADL with increasing age to be higher among the older-old age (80-89) compared to the middle-old age (70-79) or oldest-old (90 years +) cohorts. These findings suggest a "doughnut" effect by which the older-old age cohort of 80-89 may be coping less well with their bADL, while the oldest-old may have adapted to functional loss in their everyday living and/or comprises adults who may have passed a mortality selection despite a more significant burden of comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idorenyin Imoh Udoh
- Rehabilitaion and Health Services, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Elias Mpofu
- Rehabilitaion and Health Services, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
- School of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Educational Psychology, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Gayle Prybutok
- Rehabilitaion and Health Services, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Stan Ingman
- Rehabilitaion and Health Services, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
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Whitaker RC, Payne GB, O’Neill MA, Brennan MM, Herman AN, Dearth-Wesley T, Weil HF. Trauma-Informed Undergraduate Medical Education: A Pathway to Flourishing with Adversity by Enhancing Psychological Safety. PERSPECTIVES ON MEDICAL EDUCATION 2024; 13:324-331. [PMID: 38863986 PMCID: PMC11166023 DOI: 10.5334/pme.1173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
We describe the Life Experiences Curriculum (LEC), which attempts to integrate medical student well-being with trauma-informed medical education. The long-term goal of LEC is to help medical students flourish with adversity and trauma, where flourishing refers to having a sense of purpose that arises from awareness of one's strengths and limitations, shaped by life experiences. The short-term goal of LEC is to develop students' relational capacities, such as acceptance and awareness of self and others, while building and maintaining students' psychological safety. We describe the conceptual rationale for these goals and the curriculum's development, implementation, evaluation, and limitations. The curriculum extends over four years and involves a preclinical seminar and students' individual and group reflection sessions with LEC faculty. The seminar addresses the coexistence of trauma and flourishing across life experiences, as well as how safety in relationships is impaired by traumatic experiences and must be restored for healing and growth. The physician faculty have no role in student evaluation and co-lead all LEC activities. LEC is intended to provide students with new language for understanding the process of trauma and flourishing in both individuals and systems and to build and sustain students' relational capacities. There are ongoing efforts to re-imagine self-care as communal-care in which care and support are given and received in a community of students and faculty. Such a model may help build the relational capacities needed to deliver trauma-informed care and also promote flourishing with adversity in healers and in those seeking to be healed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C. Whitaker
- Professor of Clinical Pediatrics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, US
- Director of Research and Research Education in the Columbia-Bassett Program, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, US
- Bassett Medical Center and Bassett Research Institute, Cooperstown, NY, US
| | - Georgia B. Payne
- Second year medical student in the Columbia-Bassett Program, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, US
| | - Maeve A. O’Neill
- Assistant Professor of Clinical Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, US
| | - Megan M. Brennan
- Assistant Clinical Professor of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, US
| | - Allison N. Herman
- Bassett Medical Center and Bassett Research Institute, Cooperstown, NY, US
- Research Associate in the Columbia-Bassett Program, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, US
| | - Tracy Dearth-Wesley
- Bassett Medical Center and Bassett Research Institute, Cooperstown, NY, US
- Senior Research Associate in the Columbia-Bassett Program, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, US
| | - Henry F.C. Weil
- Professor of Clinical Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, US
- Senior Associate Dean for the Columbia-Bassett Program, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, US and Bassett Medical Center and Bassett Research Institute, Cooperstown, NY, US
- Chief Operating Officer of Bassett Medical Center, Cooperstown, NY, US
- Chief Clinical Officer and Chief Academic Officer of Bassett Healthcare Network, Cooperstown, NY, US
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Olivero A, Cuniberti F, Leombruni P. Well-Being Therapy for Fibromyalgia: A Case Report. J Nerv Ment Dis 2024; 212:352-357. [PMID: 38810099 DOI: 10.1097/nmd.0000000000001773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is characterized by chronic widespread pain, fatigue, anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbances, significantly impairing quality of life and psychological well-being. Well-being therapy (WBT) is a brief psychotherapeutic intervention aimed at increasing well-being and optimizing functioning, which has proven effective in treating various conditions involving pain and psychological or psychiatric symptoms. We describe a case study of a 22-year-old university student experiencing FMS, highlighting the far-reaching effects of the condition on her quality of life. After eight sessions of WBT, there was a marked improvement in subjective well-being and euthymia, as well as a decrease in pain perception, improved ability to manage stress, reduced allostatic overload despite the presence of stressors, improved social relationships, and increased self-efficacy. The positive effects of WBT continued at 3-month follow-up, suggesting that WBT may represent a short-term effective intervention for patients with FMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Olivero
- "Rita Levi Montalcini" Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
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Fantini L, Gostoli S, Artin MG, Rafanelli C. An intervention based on Well-Being Therapy to prevent alcohol use and other unhealthy lifestyle behaviors among students: a three-arm cluster randomized controlled trial. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2024; 29:930-950. [PMID: 37467370 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2023.2235740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Unhealthy lifestyle, such as alcohol use, and negative health outcomes have been associated with impairments in psychological well-being. The primary objective of the study was to test the efficacy of an intervention based on Well-Being Therapy to prevent or stem alcohol use, binge drinking and other unhealthy lifestyle among Italian adolescents in school settings. A three-arm cluster randomized controlled trial including three test periods (baseline, post-test, six-month follow-up) was implemented. Seven classes (144 students) were randomly assigned to receive well-being intervention (WBI), lifestyle intervention (LI), or no intervention (NI). Primary outcomes were alcohol use (AUDIT-C), binge drinking and other unhealthy lifestyle behaviors (i.e. unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, tobacco and cannabis smoking, poor sleep and Internet addiction). Linear mixed models and mixed-effects logistic regression were used to test the efficacy of WBI in comparison with LI and NI. At six-month follow-up, AUDIT-C total score increased more in NI in comparison with WBI (p = 0.044) and LI (p = 0.016), whereas the odds of being classified as at-risk drinker were lower in WBI (p = 0.038) and LI (p = 0.002), than NI. Only WBI showed a protective effect for cannabis use at post-test in comparison with NI (p = 0.003) and LI (p = 0.014). Sleep hours at night decreased more in NI than in LI (p = 0.027) at six months. Internet addiction decreased more in WBI (p = 0.002) and LI (p = 0.005) at post-test in comparison with NI. Although both interventions showed a positive impact on adolescent lifestyle, the positive effect of WBI on cannabis use underlines how this approach might be promising to stem adolescents' substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Fantini
- Department of Psychology "Renzo Canestrari", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sara Gostoli
- Department of Psychology "Renzo Canestrari", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michael G Artin
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chiara Rafanelli
- Department of Psychology "Renzo Canestrari", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Guimond AJ, Ke S, Tworoger SS, Huang T, Chan AT, Kubzansky LD, Liu YY. Fulfilled Mind, Healthy Gut? Relationships of Eudaimonic Psychological Well-Being With the Gut Microbiome in Postmenopausal Women. Psychosom Med 2024; 86:398-409. [PMID: 38345311 PMCID: PMC11142870 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000001278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Eudaimonic facets of psychological well-being (PWB), like purpose in life and sense of mastery, are associated with healthy aging. Variation in the gut microbiome may be one pathway by which mental health influences age-related health outcomes. However, associations between eudaimonic PWB and the gut microbiome are understudied. We examined whether purpose in life and sense of mastery, separately, were associated with features of the gut microbiome in older women. METHODS Participants were from the Mind-Body Study ( N = 206, mean age = 61 years), a substudy of the Nurses' Health Study II cohort. In 2013, participants completed the Life Engagement Test and the Pearlin Mastery Scale. Three months later, up to two pairs of stool samples were collected, 6 months apart. Covariates included sociodemographics, depression, health status, and health behaviors. Analyses examined associations of PWB with gut microbiome taxonomic diversity, overall community structure, and specific species/pathways. To account for multiple testing, statistical significance was established using Benjamini-Hochberg adjusted p values (i.e., q values ≤0.25). RESULTS We found no evidence of an association between PWB and gut microbiome alpha diversity. In multivariate analysis, higher purpose levels were significantly associated with lower abundance of species previously linked with poorer health outcomes, notably Blautia hydrogenotrophica and Eubacterium ventriosum ( q values ≤0.25). No significant associations were found between PWB and metabolic pathways. CONCLUSIONS These findings offer early evidence suggesting that eudaimonic PWB is linked with variation in the gut microbiome, and this might be one pathway by which PWB promotes healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Josee Guimond
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Lee Kum Sheung Center for Health and Happiness, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shanlin Ke
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Shelley S. Tworoger
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Tianyi Huang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Andrew T. Chan
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laura D. Kubzansky
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Lee Kum Sheung Center for Health and Happiness, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yang-Yu Liu
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Center for Artificial Intelligence and Modeling, The Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61801, USA
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Cannard C, Delorme A, Wahbeh H. HRV and EEG correlates of well-being using ultra-short, portable, and low-cost measurements. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2024; 287:91-109. [PMID: 39097360 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2024.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
Wearable electroencephalography (EEG) and electrocardiography (ECG) devices may offer a non-invasive, user-friendly, and cost-effective approach for assessing well-being (WB) in real-world settings. However, challenges remain in dealing with signal artifacts (such as environmental noise and movements) and identifying robust biomarkers. We evaluated the feasibility of using portable hardware to identify potential EEG and heart-rate variability (HRV) correlates of WB. We collected simultaneous ultrashort (2-min) EEG and ECG data from 60 individuals in real-world settings using a wrist ECG electrode connected to a 4-channel wearable EEG headset. These data were processed, assessed for signal quality, and analyzed using the open-source EEGLAB BrainBeats plugin to extract several theory-driven metrics as potential correlates of WB. Namely, the individual alpha frequency (IAF), frontal and posterior alpha asymmetry, and signal entropy for EEG. SDNN, the low/high frequency (LF/HF) ratio, the Poincaré SD1/SD2 ratio, and signal entropy for HRV. We assessed potential associations between these features and the main WB dimensions (hedonic, eudaimonic, global, physical, and social) implementing a pairwise correlation approach, robust Spearman's correlations, and corrections for multiple comparisons. Only eight files showed poor signal quality and were excluded from the analysis. Eudaimonic (psychological) WB was positively correlated with SDNN and the LF/HF ratio. EEG posterior alpha asymmetry was positively correlated with Physical WB (i.e., sleep and pain levels). No relationships were found with the other metrics, or between EEG and HRV metrics. These physiological metrics enable a quick, objective assessment of well-being in real-world settings using scalable, user-friendly tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Cannard
- Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition (CerCo), CNRS, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France; Institute of Noetic Sciences (IONS), Petaluma, CA, United States
| | - Arnaud Delorme
- Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition (CerCo), CNRS, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France; Institute of Noetic Sciences (IONS), Petaluma, CA, United States; Swartz Center of Computational Neuroscience (SCCN), University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Helané Wahbeh
- Institute of Noetic Sciences (IONS), Petaluma, CA, United States; Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States.
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Muzi L, Carone N, Mirabella M, Franco A, Rugo MA, Mazzeschi C, Lingiardi V. Direct and indirect effects of psychological well-being and therapeutic alliance on therapy outcome in eating disorders. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1392887. [PMID: 38855305 PMCID: PMC11162114 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1392887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Outcome research in eating disorders (EDs) is commonly focused on psychopathological dysfunction. However, Ryff's model of psychological well-being (PWB) has shown promising-yet preliminary-results with ED patients. Additionally, despite substantial evidence highlighting the association between the therapeutic alliance and treatment outcome, findings in ED samples remain unclear. The present study aimed at exploring the direct effect of PWB dimensions and the early therapeutic alliance on ED patients' individual treatment responses, as well as the mediating role played by the early therapeutic alliance in the relationship between PWB dimensions and overall pre-post symptom change. Methods A sample of N = 165 ED patients assigned female at birth, who were receiving treatment in a residential program, completed the Psychological Well-Being Scale at treatment intake and the Working Alliance Inventory after the first four psychotherapy sessions. Patients also completed the Outcome Questionnaire-45.2 at the same time point and during the week prior to discharge. Results The PWB dimensions of autonomy, positive relations, and self-acceptance were associated with clinically significant change, while the dimensions of personal growth and self-acceptance were associated with reliable change. The early therapeutic alliance showed both direct and indirect effects on therapy outcome, predicting clinically significant and reliable symptom reduction. It also emerged as a significant mediator in the relationship between all PWB dimensions and overall symptomatic change. Conclusion The identification of individual, adaptive characteristics in ED patients that might influence their development of an early therapeutic alliance may help therapists to predict relationship ruptures and tailor their interventions to enhance treatment effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Muzi
- Department of Philosophy, Social Sciences, Humanities and Education, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Nicola Carone
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Mirabella
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Franco
- Eating Disorder Clinic “Residenza Gruber”, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Claudia Mazzeschi
- Department of Philosophy, Social Sciences, Humanities and Education, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Vittorio Lingiardi
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Artar M, Erdil O. Navigating the new normal: How workplace isolation impacted teleworkers' psychological well-being in Covid-19? The roles of perceived organizational support and job insecurity. Work 2024:WOR230580. [PMID: 38788109 DOI: 10.3233/wor-230580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the Covid-19 period, academics have given great importance to the concept of teleworking. However, despite this interest, empirical studies investigating the effect of workplace isolation on employees' behavior during Covid-19 are limited. OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the relationship between workplace isolation and psychological well-being in light of the mediating role of perceived organizational support and the moderating role of job insecurity. METHODS Within the scope of the research, teleworkers in accordance with the isolation rules was used as a criterion for the selection of the participants. In this vein, data collected from 382 respondents were investigated using structural equation modelling analysis. RESULTS The results indicate that (1) workplace isolation positively relate to perceived organizational support and negatively related to psychological well-being, (2) perceived organizational support positively relate to psychological wellbeing, (3) perceived organizational support mediates the relationship between workplace isolation and psychological well-being, and (4) job insecurity moderates the relationship between perceived organizational support and psychological well-being. CONCLUSIONS It is imperative to understand telework employees' psychological and emotional processes, which have gained speed in the last year, in adapting to the new order. This study is critical in understanding the psychological processes of teleworkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melike Artar
- Department of Management, Faculty of Business Administrative Sciences, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Oya Erdil
- Department of Management, Faculty of Business Administrative Sciences, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli, Turkey
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Tan SC, Gamaldo AA, Evans MK, Zonderman AB. Examining the Impact of Race and Poverty on the Relationship Between Purpose in Life and Functional Health: Insights from the HANDLS Study. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2024:10.1007/s40615-024-02021-0. [PMID: 38771450 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-024-02021-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION While research has shown a positive association between a higher sense of purpose in life and functional health, there is a gap in understanding its benefits for racially minoritized and low SES individuals. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between purpose in life and physical functional health in a diverse sample, hypothesizing that purpose in life would be negatively associated with functional difficulties, with potentially stronger associations in White and high SES groups. METHODS Data from the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span (HANDLS) study were utilized (166 participants, mean age 59.44 [SD = 8.28], 59.6% females, 65.06% Black participants, 40.36% below poverty). Purpose in life was measured by Ryff's Psychological Well-being Purpose in Life subscale. Functional health was measured by functional difficulties in mobility and daily living. Race (Black and White) and poverty status (above and below) were used as moderators to probe the purpose-functional health association using zero-inflated Poisson regression while adjusting for age, education, depressive symptomology, and previous functional difficulties in four hierarchical models. RESULTS Results showed that purpose in life was negatively associated with functional difficulty, indicating fewer difficulties in mobility and daily activities among those with a high sense of purpose. While the association did not remain significant after including previous functional difficulty as a covariate in Model 4, suggesting that race may not be a consistent moderator, poverty status remained a consistent moderator. The association was stronger for individuals above the poverty level. DISCUSSION These findings underscore the complex interplay between purpose in life, race, poverty status, and functional health, emphasizing the importance of considering socioeconomic factors in interventions aimed at eliminating functional health disparities among diverse adult populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyuan Ching Tan
- Human Development Department, California State University San Marcos, 305 University Hall, San Marcos, CA, 92096-0001, USA.
| | | | - Michele K Evans
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alan B Zonderman
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Kral TRA, Kesebir P, Redford L, Dahl CJ, Wilson-Mendenhall CD, Hirshberg MJ, Davidson RJ, Tatar R. Healthy Minds Index: A brief measure of the core dimensions of well-being. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299352. [PMID: 38728238 PMCID: PMC11086875 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
We developed a self-report measure of psychological well-being for teens and adults, the Healthy Minds Index, based on a novel theory that four trainable pillars underlie well-being: awareness, connection, insight, and purpose. Ninety-seven items were developed and revised by experts and guided by qualitative testing with teens (n = 32; average age = 16.0 years). After assessing the internal validity and factor structure in teens (n = 1607; average age = 16.7 years) and adults (n = 420; average age = 45.6 years), we reduced the survey to 17 items. We then validated the factor structure, internal and convergent and divergent validity, and retest reliability of the 17-item Healthy Minds Index in two new teen samples (study 1: n = 1492, average age = 15.7 years; study 2: n = 295, average age = 16.1 years), and one adult sample (n = 285; average age = 45.3 years). The Healthy Minds Index demonstrated adequate validity and provided a comprehensive measure of a novel theory of psychological well-being that includes two domains not found in other conceptualizations of this construct-awareness and insight. This measure will be invaluable for primary research on well-being and as a translational tool to assess the impact and efficacy of widely used behavioral training programs on these core dimensions of wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammi R. A. Kral
- Healthy Minds Innovations, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Pelin Kesebir
- Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Liz Redford
- Healthy Minds Innovations, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Cortland J. Dahl
- Healthy Minds Innovations, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | | | - Matthew J. Hirshberg
- Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Richard J. Davidson
- Healthy Minds Innovations, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Raquel Tatar
- Healthy Minds Innovations, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
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Radomski MV, Anheluk M, Carroll G, Zola J. Purpose in Life as an Explicit Outcome of Occupational Therapy. Am J Occup Ther 2024; 78:7803347010. [PMID: 38502315 DOI: 10.5014/ajot.2024.050428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose in life is increasingly understood to be important to health and well-being. Despite occupational therapy's long history of using occupations to advance health and the linkage between a subclass of occupations and purpose in life, the term is nearly absent from the American Occupational Therapy Association's documents and the profession's empirical literature. We propose that the profession explicitly name purpose in life as among our intervention outcomes and address disruptions of purpose in life in practice. This can be accomplished by first investing in purpose in our own lives, discussing the topic with colleagues and students, identifying possible purpose disruptions in our clients, and using direct or indirect intervention approaches to help clients reconnect to purpose in their lives. By explicitly naming purpose in life as part of the domain of occupational therapy, we become poised to leverage human occupation to address both a broad societal gap and our clients' needs for a renewal of purpose in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Vining Radomski
- Mary Vining Radomski, PhD, OTR/L, is Senior Scientific Adviser, Courage Kenny Research, Allina Health, Minneapolis, MN;
| | - Mattie Anheluk
- Mattie Anheluk, MOT, OTR/L, is Outpatient Occupational Therapist and Research Therapist, Courage Kenny Rehabilitation Institute, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Ginger Carroll
- Ginger Carroll, MS, OT, is Project Manager, Juniper, a program of Trellis, Arden Hills, MN
| | - Joette Zola
- Joette Zola, BS, OTR/L, is Outpatient Occupational Therapist and Research Therapist, Courage Kenny Rehabilitation Institute, Minneapolis, MN
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Marpaung C, Yap AU, Hanin I, Fitryanur A. Psychological distress and well-being: their association with temporomandibular disorder symptoms. Cranio 2024; 42:285-291. [PMID: 34432614 DOI: 10.1080/08869634.2021.1971449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the associations between temporomandibular disorder (TMD) symptoms, psychological distress, and well-being. METHODS A total of 372 university students were recruited and stratified into no TMD, TMD pain, TMJ sounds, and combined TMD groups. Psychological distress and well-being were assessed with the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) and Scales of Psychological Well-being-18 (SPWB-18), respectively. Data were appraised with Kruskal-Wallis/Mann-Whitney U tests and logistic regression analysis (α = 0.05). RESULTS Significant differences in anxiety, stress, and autonomy scores were observed among the four groups, and psychological distress was mostly negatively correlated to psychological well-being. Multivariate analyses revealed that anxiety was associated with TMD pain, TMJ sounds, and combined TMD, while autonomy was related to TMJ sounds. CONCLUSION Participants with TMD symptoms generally experienced more psychological distress and lower autonomy. Anxiety appeared to increase the likelihood of TMD pain and/or TMJ sounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Marpaung
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Trisakti University, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Adrian Ujin Yap
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Trisakti University, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Department of Dentistry, Ng Teng Fong General Hospital and Faculty of Dentistry, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- National Dental Research Institute Singapore, National Dental Centre Singapore and Duke-NUS Medical School, SingHealth, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Isya Hanin
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Trisakti University, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Astrya Fitryanur
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Trisakti University, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Nkyi AK, Ninnoni JPK. Purpose in life, loneliness and depression among patients with substance use disorders in the psychiatric hospitals in Ghana. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299391. [PMID: 38635509 PMCID: PMC11025759 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Substance use disorder is a global mental health issue. Purpose in life, Loneliness and depression are key indicators of poor mental health, and people with substance use disorder are more likely to experience low purpose in life, depression, and loneliness. This study aims to further the understanding of purpose in life, depression and loneliness among substance use disorders (SUD) patients in three hospitals in Ghana. It uses a cross-sectional survey design. A total of 425 SUD inpatients were screened. Beck Depression Inventory-II, the revised UCLA Loneliness Scale, and the Purpose in Life Test were utilised to measure depression, loneliness, and purpose in life respectively. Data were analysed using the SPSS version 23 for Windows. Data from 378 participants were collected for this study using a cross sectional survey design; after data cleaning, frequency tables (for categorical variables) and descriptive statistics (for continuous variables) were used to summarise the demographics and the three outcome variables depression, purpose in life, and loneliness. Our findings indicate that overall, participants are more likely to experience low sense of purpose in life, depression, and loneliness compared to the general population. There was no statistically significant relationship between depression and loneliness (r = 0.030, p = 0.567). There was a statistically significant negative relationship between depression and purpose in life (r = -0.514, p < 0.001). There was a statistically significant positive relationship between purpose in life and loneliness (r = 0.147, p = 0.004). There was no gender difference in depression, purpose in life, and loneliness among SUDs patients in psychiatric hospitals. There were no significant differences in purpose in life, depression and loneliness based on marital status. It is anticipated that the findings of this study will inform policies and clinical practice regarding service provision for patients with SUDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Kwabena Nkyi
- Department of Guidance and Counselling, Faculty of Educational Foundation, College of Education Studies, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Jerry Paul K. Ninnoni
- Department of Mental Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
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Ruiz WDG, Yabut HJ. Autonomy and identity: the role of two developmental tasks on adolescent's wellbeing. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1309690. [PMID: 38659674 PMCID: PMC11042260 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1309690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Developmental tasks theory suggests that the wellbeing of adolescents can be better understood by considering their developmental tasks, rather than just viewing it as a specific age. This concept has significantly influenced contemporary studies on the transition to adulthood. Study explains that psychosocial developmental tasks involve shifts in an individual's psychological state and social relationships, potentially disrupting their previous equilibrium. Authors stress the importance of forming personal identity and fostering a healthy sense of independence, especially concerning identity and autonomy tasks, as crucial elements for adolescent wellbeing analysis. In line with this, the study focuses on the concurrent and predictive relationship between identity process of commitment, emotional autonomy, and psychological wellbeing among adolescents. Four hundred fifty-four (454) participants with an age ranged from 15 to 19 years (m = 17.96) completed surveys measuring emotional autonomy, identity commitment, and psychological wellbeing. The findings revealed that both emotional autonomy and identity commitment predicted psychological wellbeing, but in different ways. The study revealed that emotional autonomy is inversely associated with psychological wellbeing in middle and late adolescents, indicating that their ability to establish independence from their parents or relinquish unrealistic parental expectations may be linked to a decline in their mental health. The results also indicated that identity commitment is moderately and positively related to psychological wellbeing, suggesting that when adolescents have a clear sense of their identity, they may experience greater wellbeing. This finding underscores the importance of encouraging adolescents to explore their values, interests, and goals, as well as providing them with support and guidance throughout the process. Additionally, the findings of the study revealed that emotional autonomy has a negative influence on psychological wellbeing when identity commitment is low or average. Specifically, when individuals have a low level of identity commitment, emotional autonomy significantly predicts lower psychological wellbeing. Similarly, when identity commitment is at an average level, emotional autonomy also has a detrimental effect on psychological wellbeing. Lastly, the study revealed that when individuals have a high level of identity commitment, emotional autonomy does not have a significant impact on psychological wellbeing. In simpler terms, when individuals possess a strong sense of commitment to their identity, their level of emotional autonomy does not play a significant role in influencing their psychological wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wawie D. G. Ruiz
- Department of Psychology, Central Luzon State University, Munoz, Nueva Ecija, Philippines
| | - Homer J. Yabut
- Department of Psychology, De La Salle University, Manila, Philippines
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