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Chen Q, Hao H, Guo Z, Zuo Y, Cheng CK, Zhang CL, Wang L, Lu A, Huang Y, He L. Pien Tze Huang (PZH) protects endothelial function in diabetic mice. Life Sci 2024; 349:122723. [PMID: 38754816 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is the most common pathological feature of cardiovascular diseases, including diabetes mellitus, hypertension and atherosclerosis. It affects both macro- and micro-vasculatures, causing functional impairment of multiple organs. Pien Tze Huang (PZH) is a well-studied traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with multiple pharmacological properties that produces therapeutic benefits against colorectal cancer, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and neurodegenerative diseases. However, it is unknown how PZH affects vascular function under pathological conditions. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of PZH on endothelial function and the underlying mechanisms in db/db diabetic mice. The results showed that chronic treatment of PZH (250 mg/kg/day, 5 weeks) improved endothelial function by restoring endothelium-dependent relaxation through the activation of the Akt-eNOS pathway and inhibition of endothelial oxidative stress, which increased nitric oxide bioavailability. Furthermore, PZH treatment increased insulin sensitivity and suppressed inflammation in diabetic mice. These new findings suggest that PZH may have vaso-protective properties and the potential to protect against diabetic vasculopathy by preserving endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Huiqin Hao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zinan Guo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zuo
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chak Kwong Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cheng-Lin Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Shenzhen University Medical School, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Aiping Lu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Lei He
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Zhao M, Zhang D, Zhang Q, Lin Y, Cao H. Association between composite dietary antioxidant index and hyperlipidemia: a cross-sectional study from NHANES (2005-2020). Sci Rep 2024; 14:15935. [PMID: 38987566 PMCID: PMC11237065 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66922-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The association between the composite dietary antioxidant index (CDAI) and hyperlipidemia remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between CDAI and hyperlipidemia. The data used in this study were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) dataset spanning from 2005 to 2020. Based on 24-h dietary recall interviews, the CDAI was calculated using the intake of six dietary antioxidants. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were employed to investigate the relationship between CDAI and the occurrence of hyperlipidemia. Additionally, restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis was utilized to investigate potential non-linear relationships between the CDAI and risk of hyperlipidemia. The final analysis included 30,788 adults in the United States, among whom 25,525 (82.91%) were diagnosed with hyperlipidemia. A significant negative correlation was observed between the CDAI and hyperlipidemia in the unadjusted (Odds ratio [OR] 0.97 [95% CI 0.96, 0.98]) and multi-variable adjusted (OR 0.98 [95% CI 0.97, 0.99]) models. When the CDAI values were analyzed as a categorical variable, individuals in the highest quartile (OR 0.82 [95% CI 0.73, 0.92]) exhibited a nearly one fifth decreased risk of hyperlipidemia compared to those in the lowest quartile. Additionally, RCS analysis revealed a linear relationship between CDAI and hyperlipidemia (P for nonlinearity = 0.124). The results remained consistent across subgroups except for individuals under the age of 60 or those with diabetes mellitus. There was a significant negative correlation between the CDAI and risk of hyperlipidemia, indicating that maintaining an optimal CDAI level could effectively reduce the incidence of hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minli Zhao
- Fujian Children's Hospital (Fujian Branch of Shanghai Children's Medical Center), College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350014, China
| | - Danwei Zhang
- Fujian Children's Hospital (Fujian Branch of Shanghai Children's Medical Center), College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350014, China
| | - Qiuping Zhang
- Fujian Children's Hospital (Fujian Branch of Shanghai Children's Medical Center), College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350014, China
| | - Yuan Lin
- Fujian Children's Hospital (Fujian Branch of Shanghai Children's Medical Center), College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350014, China
| | - Hua Cao
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
- Fujian Medical University, University Town, 1 Xue Yuan Road, Fuzhou, 350122, China.
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Kim MJ, Kim M, Yoon JY, Cheon CK, Yoo S. The impacts of COVID-19 on childhood obesity: prevalence, contributing factors, and implications for management. Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2024; 29:174-181. [PMID: 38291761 PMCID: PMC11220391 DOI: 10.6065/apem.2346094.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to identify changes in the prevalence of obesity and related diseases among children and adolescents during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. METHODS This study was conducted using data from the 2016-2021 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and included 3,861 children and adolescents aged 10-18 years. The prevalence of obesity and related diseases was adjusted for age, sex, and income. We also analyzed the socioeconomic, nutritional, and physical activity items in the survey. RESULTS During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a significant increase in the prevalence of obesity (p=0.02), central obesity (p=0.001), mean body mass index (BMI, p=0.03), and hemoglobin A1c (p=0.005) among children and adolescents aged 10-18 years. The intake of food and calories was significantly reduced in the normal-weight group (p=0.001 and <0.001) but not in the obese group. Incidences of skipping breakfast increased and eating out decreased, regardless of obesity status. However, the changes in health behaviors were not significant. The prevalence of central obesity and increased BMI showed a significant linear association between children and their parents, especially in the 10-12-year-old age group. A clear increase in the proportion of metabolically unhealthy children and adolescents was observed in the obese group, and the frequency of central obesity in parents also increased. CONCLUSION The number of metabolically unhealthy, obese children and adolescents increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Age-specific strategies that consider growth, development, and genetic and social factors are required. Health strategies targeting the entire family are required to develop healthier habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ji Kim
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University Children’s Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Minji Kim
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University Children’s Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Ju Young Yoon
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University Children’s Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Chong Kun Cheon
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University Children’s Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Sukdong Yoo
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University Children’s Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
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Dehghani F, Hajhashemy Z, Keshteli AH, Yazdannik A, Falahi E, Saneei P, Esmaillzadeh A. Nutrient patterns in relation to insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction in Iranian women. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2857. [PMID: 38310135 PMCID: PMC10838277 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53263-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Prior studies have mainly focused on the association of one specific nutrient with insulin resistance (IR) and endothelial dysfunction and limited studies have assessed the association with different nutrient patterns (NPs). We examined the association between various NPs and IR and endothelial dysfunction among Iranian women. This cross-sectional study was carried out on a sample of 368 female nurses. A 106-items food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was applied for dietary assessments. Using factor analysis, the relationships between NPs and markers of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR, HOMA-β, and QUICKY), and endothelial dysfunction (E-selectin, sICAM-1, and sVCAM-1) were assessed. Mean age and body mass index of participants were respectively 35.21 years and 24.04 kg/m2. Three major NPs were identified. NP1, named as "dairy, fruits, and vegetables" had high values of potassium, folate, vitamins A and C, magnesium, and beta carotene. No significant association was observed between this NP and insulin resistance or endothelial dysfunction indices. The second NP was full of chromium, selenium, copper, vitamin B6, monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), thiamin, vitamin D, and iron. Adherence to NP2 (named "legumes, nuts, and protein foods") was associated with lower values of insulin (6.8 ± 1.1 versus 8.4 ± 1.1, P = 0.01), homeostasis model assessment-Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (1.3 ± 0.2 versus 1.7 ± 0.2, P = 0.02), and vascular adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) (444.2 ± 27.9 versus 475.8 ± 28.4, P = 0.03). However, adherence to the third NP, rich in saturated fatty acid (SFA), cholesterol, sodium, zinc, vitamin E, and B12, described as "animal fat and meat + vitamin E", was associated with higher amounts of homeostasis model assessment-β (HOMA-β) (531.3 ± 176.2 versus 48.7 ± 179.8, P = 0.03). In conclusion, following the NP2, correlated with higher intakes of chromium, selenium, copper, vitamin B6, MUFA and thiamin was associated with lower values of insulin, HOMA-IR, and sVCAM-1. Adherence to NP3, rich in SFA, cholesterol, vitamin E, vitamin B12, and zinc was associated with higher levels of HOMA-β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farimah Dehghani
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Hajhashemy
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 81745-151, Isfahan, Iran
- Students' Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Ahmadreza Yazdannik
- Department of Critical Care Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Falahi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health and Nutrition, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Parvane Saneei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 81745-151, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Ahmad Esmaillzadeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran.
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Miao R, Yu R, Zhou H, Liu L, Peng T, Wang J. Novel use of structural equation modelling to examine diet and metabolic traits associated with microvascular endothelial dysfunction in middle-aged Chinese males: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e073357. [PMID: 37709331 PMCID: PMC10921913 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-073357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study aims to use structural equation modelling (SEM) with multiple regression pathways to examine direct and indirect links from diet and metabolic traits to microvascular endothelial dysfunction (ED) among middle-aged Chinese males. METHODS The study was conducted in middle-aged Chinese males, who underwent a health check-up between 2018 and 2019. Data on lifestyle behaviour factors (physical activity, diet pattern, sleep quality and diet data underwent factor analysis in advance) and metabolic risk factors referring to metabolic traits were introduced into the SEM to examine inter-relationship among these factors and their association with ED, as evaluated by the reactive hyperaemia index (RHI). RESULTS Both exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis identified two major dietary patterns: 'prudent pattern' and 'western pattern'. The univariate test suggested that only triglycerides (TGs) and prudent dietary pattern were directly associated with RHI. Furthermore, prudent dietary pattern had an indirect association with RHI via TG (prudent diet→TG: β=-0.15, p<0.05; TG→RHI: β=-0.17, p<0.001). As to confirming the hypothesised association between variables apart, physical activity frequency was correlated to the decrease in TG (β=-0.29, p<0.001), but had no direct correlation to RHI. CONCLUSION The network of direct and indirect associations among diet pattern and cardiometabolic risk factors with RHI measured ED among middle-aged males. The most significant modifiable factors identified were TG and prudent diet pattern, which needs to be targeted as preventive strategies for early microvascular impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rujia Miao
- Health Management Center, Central South University Third Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Renhe Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Health Management Center, Central South University Third Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Health Management Center, Central South University Third Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Ting Peng
- Health Management Center, Central South University Third Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Jiangang Wang
- Health Management Center, Central South University Third Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
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Shcheblykin DV, Bolgov AA, Pokrovskii MV, Stepenko JV, Tsuverkalova JM, Shcheblykina OV, Golubinskaya PA, Korokina LV. Endothelial dysfunction: developmental mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. RESEARCH RESULTS IN PHARMACOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.3897/rrpharmacology.8.80376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Every year the importance of the normal functioning of the endothelial layer of the vascular wall in maintaining the health of the body becomes more and more obvious.
The physiological role of the endothelium: The endothelium is a metabolically active organ actively involved in the regulation of hemostasis, modulation of inflammation, maintenance of hemovascular homeostasis, regulation of angiogenesis, vascular tone, and permeability.
Risk factors for the development of endothelial dysfunction: Currently, insufficient bioavailability of nitric oxide is considered the most significant risk factor for endothelial dysfunction.
Mechanisms of development of endothelial dysfunction: The genesis of endothelial dysfunction is a multifactorial process. Among various complex mechanisms, this review examines oxidative stress, inflammation, hyperglycemia, vitamin D deficiency, dyslipidemia, excess visceral fat, hyperhomocysteinemia, hyperuricemia, as well as primary genetic defect of endotheliocytes, as the most common causes in the population underlying the development of endothelial dysfunction.
Markers of endothelial dysfunction in various diseases: This article discusses the main biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction currently used, as well as promising biomarkers in the future for laboratory diagnosis of this pathology.
Therapeutic strategies: Therapeutic approaches to the endothelium in order to prevent or reduce a degree of damage to the vascular wall are briefly described.
Conclusion: Endothelial dysfunction is a typical pathological process involved in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Thus, pharmacological agents with endothelioprotective properties can provide more therapeutic benefits than a drug without such an effect.
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Higashi Y. Roles of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction-Related Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11101958. [PMID: 36290681 PMCID: PMC9598825 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11101958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and chronic inflammation play an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis develops as the first step of vascular endothelial dysfunction induced by complex molecular mechanisms. Vascular endothelial dysfunction leads to oxidative stress and inflammation of vessel walls, which in turn enhances vascular endothelial dysfunction. Vascular endothelial dysfunction and vascular wall oxidative stress and chronic inflammation make a vicious cycle that leads to the development of atherosclerosis. Simultaneously capturing and accurately evaluating the association of vascular endothelial function with oxidative stress and inflammation would be useful for elucidating the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis, determining treatment efficacy, and predicting future cardiovascular complications. Intervention in both areas is expected to inhibit the progression of atherosclerosis and prevent cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihito Higashi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 743-8551, Japan; ; Tel.: +81-82-257-5831
- Division of Regeneration and Medicine, Medical Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
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Quantifying the Impact of Algae Supplement on Blood Pressure: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Curr Probl Cardiol 2022; 47:101336. [PMID: 35870546 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2022.101336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The impact of Algae supplements and its extract on blood pressure has not concluded yet. The aim of this systematic review meta-analysis is to evaluate the antihypertensive activity of this group marine organism on human. Alga was used in some studies as capsules (from 500 mg to 8 g) and the follow-up duration changed from 17 days to 9 months. The difference in standardized mean and its corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) was applied as the effect size of algae supplementation on systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Based on the results, a meta-analysis of 10 studies with baseline effect control demonstrated that there was no difference in the mean systolic blood pressure in the two groups SMD (95%CI): -1.05 (-2.85,0.76), but a significant difference in the mean diastolic blood pressure was observed and showed that the mean diastolic blood pressure in the treatment group was lower than the control group SMD(95%CI): -2.23 (-4.35,-0.11). A meta-analysis of 4 studies with no baseline control effect did not show significant results on both blood pressure. The evidence to support this systematic review meta-analysis requires more investigation and future large scale RCT clinical trial to confirm the results.
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Guzel D, Kalkan EA, Eren F, Zengin O, Erel O, Sahiner ES, Inan O, Ates I. Can Serum Endocan Levels be Used as an Early Prognostic Marker for Endothelial Dysfunction in COVID-19? Angiology 2022; 73:438-444. [PMID: 34663109 PMCID: PMC8968391 DOI: 10.1177/00033197211050446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to investigate whether degree of pneumonia and COVID-19 prognosis are associated with serum endocan levels at the early stage, when vascular damage has started. Patients between the ages of 18-85 years who were hospitalized and followed up with a diagnosis of COVID-19 were included in the study. A total of 80 patients were divided into 2 groups as mild/moderate pneumonia and severe pneumonia. Serum endocan levels were measured on the 8th day from the onset of symptoms in all patients. Of the 80 patients included in the study, 56.3% were female and 43.8% were male. There was no significant relationship between serum endocan levels and degree of pneumonia (P = .220) and prognosis of the disease (P = .761). The correlation analysis indicated a weak positive correlation between serum endocan levels and lactate level in venous blood gas (r = .270; P = .037). During the 28-day follow-up, the mortality rate was 3.75%. It was determined that the serum endocan levels was not associated with the degree of pneumonia and was not an early prognostic marker for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Guzel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ministry of Health Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emra Asfuroglu Kalkan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ministry of Health Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Funda Eren
- Department of Biochemistry, Ministry of Health Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Oguzhan Zengin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ministry of Health Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ozcan Erel
- Department of Biochemistry, Ministry of Health Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Enes S. Sahiner
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ministry of Health Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Osman Inan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ministry of Health Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ihsan Ates
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ministry of Health Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Hertiš Petek T, Petek T, Močnik M, Marčun Varda N. Systemic Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Health in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:894. [PMID: 35624760 PMCID: PMC9137597 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies indicate that cerebrovascular diseases and processes of atherosclerosis originate in the childhood era and are largely influenced by chronic inflammation. Some features of vascular dysfunction in adulthood may even be programmed prenatally via genetic influences and an unfavorable intrauterine milieu. Oxidative stress, defined by an imbalance between the production and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells and tissues and the capability of an organism to scavenge these molecules via antioxidant mechanisms, has been linked to adverse cardiovascular health in adults, yet has not been systematically reviewed in the pediatric population. We performed a systematic search as per the PRISMA guidelines in PubMed/Medline and Cochrane Reviews and detected, in total, 1228 potentially eligible pediatric articles on systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, antioxidant use, cardiovascular disease and endothelial dysfunction. The abstracts and full-text manuscripts of these were screened for inclusion and exclusion criteria, and a total of 160 articles were included. The results indicate that systemic inflammation and oxidative stress influence cardiovascular health in many chronic pediatric conditions, including hypertension, obesity, diabetes mellitus types 1 and 2, chronic kidney disease, hyperlipidemia and obstructive sleep apnea. Exercise and diet may diminish ROS formation and enhance the total serum antioxidant capacity. Antioxidant supplementation may, in selected conditions, contribute to the diminution of the oxidative state and improve endothelial function; yet, in many areas, studies provide unsatisfactory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tjaša Hertiš Petek
- Department of Paediatrics, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska 5, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (T.H.P.); (M.M.); (N.M.V.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Tadej Petek
- Department of Paediatrics, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska 5, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (T.H.P.); (M.M.); (N.M.V.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Mirjam Močnik
- Department of Paediatrics, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska 5, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (T.H.P.); (M.M.); (N.M.V.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Nataša Marčun Varda
- Department of Paediatrics, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska 5, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (T.H.P.); (M.M.); (N.M.V.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
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Fermentation of Vaccinium floribundum Berries with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Reduces Oxidative Stress in Endothelial Cells and Modulates Macrophages Function. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14081560. [PMID: 35458122 PMCID: PMC9027973 DOI: 10.3390/nu14081560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that high consumption of natural antioxidants promotes health by reducing oxidative stress and, thus, the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. Similarly, fermentation of natural compounds with lactic acid bacteria (LAB), such as Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, enhances their beneficial properties as regulators of the immune, digestive, and cardiovascular system. We investigated the effects of fermentation with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum on the antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects of Pushgay berries (Vaccinium floribundum, Ericaceae family) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and macrophage cell line RAW264.7. Polyphenol content was assayed by Folin–Ciocalteu and HPLC-MS/MS analysis. The effects of berries solutions on cell viability or proliferation were assessed by WST8 (2-(2-methoxy-4-nitrophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-(2,4-disulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium, monosodium salt and Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, Trypan blue exclusion test, and Alamar blue assay. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by a cell-based chemiluminescent probe for the detection of intracellular H2O2 production in HUVECs. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression levels were investigated by RT-qPCR. Glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (Gpx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activities, as markers of intracellular antioxidant defense, were evaluated by spectrophotometric analysis. The immunomodulatory activity was examined in RAW 264.7 by quantification of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and Tumor Necrosis Factor—alpha (TNFα) by RT-qPCR. Data showed that fermentation of Pushgay berries (i) enhances the content of quercetin aglycone, and (ii) increases their intracellular antioxidant activity, as indicated by the reduction in H2O2-induced cell death and the decrease in H2O2-induced HO-1 gene expression in HUVECs treated for 24 h with fermented berries solution (10 µg/mL). Moreover, treatment with Pushgay berries for 72 h (10 µg/mL) promotes cells growth in RAW 264.7, and only fermented Pushgay berries increase the expression of iNOS in the same cell line. Taken together, our results show that LAB fermentation of Pushgay berries enhances their antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties.
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Chielle EO, Vecchia DD, Rossi EM, Chielle APO, Bonadiman BDSR, Marafon F, Bagatini MD. Supplementation with detox juice added with probiotic improves atherogenic parameters in healthy individuals. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902022e20581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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Virk D, Kumar A, Jaggi AS, Singh N. Ameliorative role of rolipram, PDE-4 inhibitor, against sodium arsenite-induced vascular dementia in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:63250-63262. [PMID: 34226994 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15189-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic exposure to the population leads to serious health problems like neurotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and cardiovascular abnormality. In the present study, the work has been commenced to discover the prospect of rolipram a phosphodiestrase-4 (PDE-4) inhibitor against sodium arsenite (SA)-induced vascular endothelial dysfunction (EnDF) leading to dementia in rats. Wistar rats were treated with SA (5 mg/kg body weight/day orally) for 44 days for induction of vascular EnDF and dementia. Learning and memory were evaluated using Morris water maze (MWM) test. Vascular EnDF was evaluated using aortic ring preparation. Various biochemical parameters were also evaluated like brain oxidative stress (viz. reduced glutathione and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances level), serum nitrite/nitrate activity, acetylcholinesterase activity, and inflammatory markers (viz. neutrophil infiltration in brain and myeloperoxidase). SA-treated rats showed poor performance in water maze trials indicating attenuated memory and ability to learn with significant rise (p < 0.05) in brain acetylcholinesterase activity, brain oxidative stress, neutrophil count, and significant decrease (p < 0.05) in serum nitrite/nitrate levels and vascular endothelial functions. Rolipram (PDE-4 inhibitor) treatment (0.03 mg/kg and 0.06 mg/kg body weight, intraperitoneally daily for 14 days) significantly improved memory and learning abilities, and restored various biochemical parameters and EnDF. It is concluded that PDE-4 modulator may be considered the prospective target for the treatment of SA-induced vascular EnDF and related dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divjot Virk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, CNS Research Lab., Pharmacology Division, Faculty of Medicine, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, 147002, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India.
| | - Amteshwar Singh Jaggi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, CNS Research Lab., Pharmacology Division, Faculty of Medicine, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, 147002, India
| | - Nirmal Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, CNS Research Lab., Pharmacology Division, Faculty of Medicine, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, 147002, India.
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Effects of the Consumption of Low-Fat Cooked Ham with Reduced Salt Enriched with Antioxidants on the Improvement of Cardiovascular Health: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051480. [PMID: 33925704 PMCID: PMC8146046 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to analyze how cardiovascular risk factors can be modified using nutritionally improved cooked ham enriched with a pool of antioxidants to influence relevant metabolic targets. Sixty-five untreated subjects (49.2% males, 50.8% females, mean age 40.92 ± 9.03 years) with total cholesterol level ≥180 mg/dL or LDL cholesterol ≥130 mg/dL participated in a 8-weeks randomized, double-blind controlled trial. Participant in the intervention group (51.5% males, 48.5% females, mean age 41.6 ± 9.8 years and mean BMI 25.1 ± 3.6 kg/m2) consumed cooked ham enriched with antioxidants (100 g/d) and controls (49.9% males, 53.1% females, mean age 40.2 ± 8.3 years and mean BMI 26.3 ± 3.2 kg/m2) received placebo. At 8 weeks, oxidized LDL decreased significantly between experimental and placebo groups (p < 0.036). Experimental group differences were also significant (p < 0.05). Similar findings in malondialdehyde, total cholesterol, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and interleukin 6 were observed in the intervention group. Significant between-group differences in these variables were also found, except for total cholesterol and interleukin 6. The effects on inflammation and oxidation support the direct action of these antioxidants on the etiopathogenic factors of atheromatous plaque. We also observed an improvement in the lipid profiles among the subjects.
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Holt RR, Zuelch ML, Charoenwoodhipong P, Al-Dashti YA, Hackman RM, Keen CL. Effects of short-term consumption of strawberry powder on select parameters of vascular health in adolescent males. Food Funct 2020; 11:32-44. [PMID: 31942892 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01844a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death in the United States and much of the developed world, costing billions of dollars in lost work time, lower productivity and high health care expenditures. Research on foods and bioactive food components that have cardioprotective benefits may provide new insights as to how modest changes in one's diet may result in a reduced risk of vascular disease. In intervention trials, the consumption of strawberries, either fresh or freeze-dried, has been reported to improve select markers of cardiovascular health, including improved lipid profiles, microvascular function, and platelet reactivity. Consistent with the above, epidemiological studies suggest beneficial effects of strawberries on vascular function. Preliminary studies on the effects of freeze-dried strawberry powder on vascular health are reviewed in the current paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta R Holt
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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16
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Rajakumar K, Moore CG, Khalid AT, Vallejo AN, Virji MA, Holick MF, Greenspan SL, Arslanian S, Reis SE. Effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on vascular and metabolic health of vitamin D-deficient overweight and obese children: a randomized clinical trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2020; 111:757-768. [PMID: 31950134 PMCID: PMC7138671 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obese children are vulnerable to vitamin D deficiency and impaired cardiovascular health; vitamin D replenishment might improve their cardiovascular health. OBJECTIVES The aims were to determine, in vitamin D-deficient overweight and obese children, whether supplementation with vitamin D3 1000 or 2000 IU/d is more effective than 600 IU/d in improving arterial endothelial function, arterial stiffness, central and systemic blood pressure (BP), insulin sensitivity (1/fasting insulin concentration), fasting glucose concentration, and lipid profile and to explore whether downregulation of adipocytokines and markers of systemic inflammation underlies vitamin D effects. METHODS We conducted a randomized, double-masked, controlled clinical trial in 225 10- to 18-y-old eligible children. Change in endothelial function at 6 mo was the primary outcome. RESULTS Dose-response increases in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations were significant and tolerated without developing hypercalcemia. Changes at 3 and 6 mo in endothelial function, arterial stiffness, systemic-systolic BP, lipids, and inflammatory markers did not differ between children receiving 1000 or 2000 IU vitamin D and children receiving 600 IU. Some secondary outcomes differed between groups. Compared with the 600-IU group, central-systolic, central-diastolic, and systemic-diastolic BP was lower at 6 mo in the 1000-IU group [-2.66 (95% CI: -5.27, -0.046), -3.57 (-5.97, -1.17), and -3.28 (-5.55, -1.00) mm Hg, respectively]; insulin sensitivity increased at 3 and 6 mo and fasting glucose concentration declined at 6 mo (-2.67; 95% CI: -4.88, -0.46 mg/dL) in the 2000-IU group. CONCLUSIONS Correction of vitamin D deficiency in overweight and obese children by vitamin D3 supplementation with 1000 or 2000 IU/d versus 600 IU/d did not affect measures of arterial endothelial function or stiffness, systemic inflammation, or lipid profile, but resulted in reductions in BP and fasting glucose concentration and in improvements in insulin sensitivity. Optimization of children's vitamin D status may improve their cardiovascular health. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01797302.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumaravel Rajakumar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Address correspondence to KR (e-mail: )
| | - Charity G Moore
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Arshad T Khalid
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Abbe N Vallejo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mohamed A Virji
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michael F Holick
- Department of Medicine, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Susan L Greenspan
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Silva Arslanian
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Steven E Reis
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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17
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Tabatabaie M, Abdollahi S, Salehi-Abargouei A, Clark CCT, Karimi-Nazari E, Fallahzadeh H, Rahmanian M, Mozaffari-Khosravi H. The effect of resveratrol supplementation on serum levels of asymmetric de-methyl-arginine and paraoxonase 1 activity in patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized, double-blind controlled trial. Phytother Res 2020; 34:2023-2031. [PMID: 32144833 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study sought to investigate the effect of micronized resveratrol supplementation on serum levels of asymmetric de-methyl-arginine (ADMA) and paraoxonase-1 (PON1) activity in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). In this double-blinded randomized trial, 76 patients with T2D were recruited. Participants were randomly assigned to consume 1,000 mg resveratrol or placebo capsules (methylcellulose) per day, for 8 weeks. Serum levels of ADMA and PON1 enzyme activity were measured at the beginning and end of the intervention using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. In total, 71 participants completed the study. Our results showed that resveratrol significantly decreased serum levels of ADMA (-0.16 ± 0.11, p < .001) and improved PON1 enzyme activity (15.39 ± 13.99, p < .001) compared with placebo, after adjusting for confounding factors (age, sex, and baseline body mass index). Our findings suggest that 8-week resveratrol supplementation may produce beneficial effects on serum levels of ADMA and PON1 enzyme activity in patients with T2DM. However, further research is needed to confirm the veracity of these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahtab Tabatabaie
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Shima Abdollahi
- Department of Nutrition and Public Health, School of Public Health, North Khorasan University, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Amin Salehi-Abargouei
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Cain C T Clark
- Centre for Sport, Exercise, and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Elham Karimi-Nazari
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Hossein Fallahzadeh
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Research Center of Prevention and Epidemiology of Non-Communicable Disease, School of Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Masoud Rahmanian
- Yazd Diabetic Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Hassan Mozaffari-Khosravi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Yazd Diabetic Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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18
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Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common heart arrhythmia and is associated with poor outcomes. The adverse effects of AF are mediated through multiple pathways, including endothelial dysfunction, as measured by flow-mediated dilatation. Flow-mediated dilatation has demonstrated endothelial dysfunction in several conditions and is associated with poor outcomes including mortality, yet can be improved with medical therapy. It is thus a useful tool in assessing endothelial function in patients. Endothelial dysfunction is present in patients with AF and is associated with poor outcomes. These patients are generally older and have other co-morbidities such as hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia and diabetes. The precise process by which AF is affiliated with endothelial damage/dysfunction remains elusive. This review explores the endothelial structure, its physiology and how it is affected in patients with AF. It also assesses the utility of flow mediated dilatation as a technique to assess endothelial function in patients with AF. Key MessagesEndothelial function is affected in patients with atrial fibrillation as with other cardiovascular conditions.Endothelial dysfunction is associated with poor outcomes such as stroke, myocardial infarction and death, yet is a reversible condition.Flow-mediated dilatation is a reliable tool to assess endothelial function in patients with atrial fibrillation.Patients with atrial fibrillation should be considered for endothelial function assessment and attempts made to reverse this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahsan A Khan
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Graham N Thomas
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Gregory Y H Lip
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Aalborg Thrombosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Alena Shantsila
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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19
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Isola G, Polizzi A, Muraglie S, Leonardi R, Lo Giudice A. Assessment of Vitamin C and Antioxidant Profiles in Saliva and Serum in Patients with Periodontitis and Ischemic Heart Disease. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2956. [PMID: 31817129 PMCID: PMC6950653 DOI: 10.3390/nu11122956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin C and antioxidants play a crucial role in endothelial function and may be a link for the known interaction of periodontitis and ischemic heart disease (CAD). This pilot study evaluates the association of gingival health, periodontitis, CAD, or both conditions with salivary and serum vitamin C and antioxidant levels. The clinical and periodontal characteristics, serum, and saliva samples were collected from 36 patients with periodontitis, 35 patients with CAD, 36 patients with periodontitis plus CAD, and 36 healthy controls. Levels of vitamin C, antioxidants, and C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were assessed with a commercially available kit. The median concentrations of salivary and serum vitamin C and antioxidants (α-tocopherol, β-carotene, lutein, and lycopene) were significantly lower in the CAD group (p < 0.001) and in the periodontitis plus CAD group (p < 0.001) compared to periodontitis patients and controls. In univariate models, periodontitis (p = 0.034), CAD (p < 0.001), and hs-CRP (p < 0.001) were significantly negatively associated with serum vitamin C; whereas, in a multivariate model, only hs-CRP remained a significant predictor of serum vitamin C (p < 0.001). In a multivariate model, the significant predictors of salivary vitamin C levels were triglycerides (p = 0.028) and hs-CRP (p < 0.001). Patients with CAD and periodontitis plus CAD presented lower levels of salivary and serum vitamin C compared to healthy subjects and periodontitis patients. hs-CRP was a significant predictor of decreased salivary and serum vitamin C levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Isola
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95124 Catania, Italy (S.M.); (R.L.); (A.L.G.)
| | - Alessandro Polizzi
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95124 Catania, Italy (S.M.); (R.L.); (A.L.G.)
| | - Simone Muraglie
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95124 Catania, Italy (S.M.); (R.L.); (A.L.G.)
| | - Rosalia Leonardi
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95124 Catania, Italy (S.M.); (R.L.); (A.L.G.)
| | - Antonino Lo Giudice
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95124 Catania, Italy (S.M.); (R.L.); (A.L.G.)
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, School of Dentistry, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
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20
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Pal PB, Sonowal H, Shukla K, Srivastava SK, Ramana KV. Aldose reductase regulates hyperglycemia-induced HUVEC death via SIRT1/AMPK-α1/mTOR pathway. J Mol Endocrinol 2019; 63:11-25. [PMID: 30986766 PMCID: PMC6555667 DOI: 10.1530/jme-19-0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Although hyperglycemia-mediated death and dysfunction of endothelial cells have been reported to be a major cause of diabetes associated vascular complications, the mechanisms through which hyperglycemia cause endothelial dysfunction is not well understood. We have recently demonstrated that aldose reductase (AR, AKR1B1) is an obligatory mediator of oxidative and inflammatory signals induced by growth factors, cytokines and hyperglycemia. However, the molecular mechanisms by which AR regulates hyperglycemia-induced endothelial dysfunction is not well known. In this study, we have investigated the mechanism(s) by which AR regulates hyperglycemia-induced endothelial dysfunction. Incubation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with high glucose (HG) decreased the cell viability and inhibition of AR prevented it. Further, AR inhibition prevented the HG-induced ROS generation and expression of BCL-2, BAX and activation of Caspase-3 in HUVECs. AR inhibition also prevented the adhesion of THP-1 monocytes on HUVECs, expression of iNOS and eNOS and adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in HG-treated HUVECs. Further, AR inhibition restored the HG-induced depletion of SIRT1 in HUVECs and increased the phosphorylation of AMPKα1 along-with a decrease in phosphorylation of mTOR in HG-treated HUVECs. Fidarestat decreased SIRT1 expression in HUVECs pre-treated with specific SIRT1 inhibitor but not with the AMPKα1 inhibitor. Similarly, knockdown of AR in HUVECs by siRNA prevented the HG-induced HUVECs cell death, THP-1 monocyte adhesion and SIRT1 depletion. Furthermore, fidarestat regulated the phosphorylation of AMPKα1 and mTOR, and expression of SIRT1 in STZ-induced diabetic mice heart and aorta tissues. Collectively, our data suggest that AR regulates hyperglycemia-induced endothelial death and dysfunction by altering the ROS/SIRT1/AMPKα1/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pabitra B Pal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Himangshu Sonowal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Kirtikar Shukla
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Satish K Srivastava
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Kota V Ramana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
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21
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Park HJ, Kim JY, Kim HS, Lee SH, Jang JS, Lee MH. Synergistic effect of fruit-seed mixed juice on inhibition of angiotensin I-converting enzyme and activation of NO production in EA.hy926 cells. Food Sci Biotechnol 2019; 28:881-893. [PMID: 31093447 PMCID: PMC6484055 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-018-0512-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Commonly consumed fruit juices possess low inhibitory activity of angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE), which plays central role in elevation of blood pressure. The ACE inhibitory activity of fruit-seed mixed juice may be improved via synergistic interactions. In this study, the investigated synergistic, additive, and antagonistic effects of fruit-seed combination on ACE inhibition were investigated. Thirteen fruits and 15 seeds including legumes, nuts, and cereals were combined in pairs; pear-hemp seed-pumpkin seed juice (3-mixed juice) displayed the highest ACE inhibition resulting from synergistic interactions. Additionally, nitric oxide production in human endothelial cells was promoted by 3-mixed juice. Three-mixed juice showed antioxidant activities such as DNA protective, DPPH radical scavenging, and reducing effects. These results suggested that combinations of different food categories are beneficial for improving biological functions such as vascular health. Three-mixed juice, which shows high ACE inhibitory activity, may be useful as an anti-hypertensive agent and for treating hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jung Park
- Food Research Center, Angel Co., Ltd., Busan, 46988 Korea
| | - Ji-Youn Kim
- Food Research Center, Angel Co., Ltd., Busan, 46988 Korea
| | - Hee Sook Kim
- Food Research Center, Angel Co., Ltd., Busan, 46988 Korea
| | - Sang-Hyeon Lee
- Major in Pharmaceutical Engineering, Division of Bioindustry, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan, 46958 Korea
| | - Jeong Su Jang
- Food Research Center, Angel Co., Ltd., Busan, 46988 Korea
| | - Mun Hyon Lee
- Food Research Center, Angel Co., Ltd., Busan, 46988 Korea
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22
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Usharani P, Merugu PL, Nutalapati C. Evaluation of the effects of a standardized aqueous extract of Phyllanthus emblica fruits on endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, systemic inflammation and lipid profile in subjects with metabolic syndrome: a randomised, double blind, placebo controlled clinical study. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 19:97. [PMID: 31060549 PMCID: PMC6503348 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2509-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial dysfunction (ED) has been observed in individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and contributes to the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. The primary management of MetS involves lifestyle modifications and treatment of its individual components with drugs all of which have side effects. Thus, it would be of advantageous if natural products would be used as adjuncts or substitutes for conventional drugs. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of standardized aqueous extract of fruits of Phyllanthus emblica (P. emblica) 250 mg and 500 mg twice daily on ED, oxidative stress, systemic inflammation and lipid profile in subjects with MetS. METHODS In this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study endothelial function was measured by calculating reflection index (RI) using digital plethysmograph. Oxidative stress biomarkers used were nitric oxide (NO), glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Systemic inflammation was measured by determining high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and dyslipidemia by lipid profile. ANOVA, paired and unpaired t-test were used. P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Out of 65 screened subjects all 59 enrolled completed the study. P. emblica aqueous extract (PEE), 250 mg and 500 mg twice daily dosing, showed significant reduction in mean RI, measure of endothelial function, at 8 and 12 weeks (p < 0.001) compared to baseline and placebo. Significant mean % change was seen in oxidative stress biomarkers, NO (+ 41.89%, + 50.7%), GSH (+ 24.31%, + 53.22%) and MDA (- 21.02%, - 31.44%), and systemic inflammation biomarker, hsCRP (- 39.68%, - 53.77%) (p < 0.001) at 12 weeks with 250 mg and 500 mg twice daily dosage respectively. Significant mean % change was also seen at 12 weeks with TC (- 7.71%, - 11.11%), HDL-C (+ 7.33% + 22.16%, p < 0.05), LDL-C (- 11.39%, - 21.8%) and TG (- 9.81%, - 19.22%) respectively with 250 mg and 500 mg twice daily (p < 0.001). PEE 500 mg twice daily was significantly more efficacious than the 250 mg twice daily and placebo. No participant discontinued the study because of adverse events. CONCLUSIONS P.emblica aqueous extract significantly improved endothelial function, oxidative stress, systemic inflammation and lipid profile at both dosages tested, but especially at 500 mg twice daily. Thus, this product may be used as an adjunct to conventional therapy (lifestyle modification and pharmacological intervention) in the management of metabolic syndrome. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study was registered with Clinical Trials Registry - India (CTRI) with the registration number of CTRI/2017/09/009606 . The study was registered retrospectively on 4th September 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingali Usharani
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Telangana, India
| | - Padma Latha Merugu
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Telangana, India
| | - Chandrasekhar Nutalapati
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Telangana, India
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23
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Maruyama K, S. Eshak E, Kinuta M, Nagao M, Cui R, Imano H, Ohira T, Iso H. Association between vitamin B group supplementation with changes in % flow-mediated dilatation and plasma homocysteine levels: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2019; 64:243-249. [PMID: 31138959 PMCID: PMC6529698 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.17-56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There is limited evidence examining the association between B vitamin supplementation and improved endothelial function via lowering plasma homocysteine levels. This study investigated whether low-dose B vitamin supplementation improves endothelial dysfunction in Japanese adults with one or more components of metabolic syndrome. A randomized, controlled, crossover trial, without a washout period or blinding of subjects, was conducted from May-September, 2010. The subjects were 127 Japanese men and women aged 40-65 years who had at least one component of metabolic syndrome without medication. Participants took a supplement drink for two months but were divided into early intervention or later intervention groups. The flow-mediated dilatation, plasma homocysteine level, serum B-vitamins, and vitamin C levels were measured. A significant increase in serum B vitamins and vitamin C levels, and a reduction in plasma homocysteine levels were observed. The mean serum homocysteine level pre- and post-intervention was 9.8 and 8.2 µmol/L in the early intervention group and 10.8 and 7.4 µmol/L in the later intervention group (p<0.01). However, no significant changes in flow-mediated dilatation was found. Low-dose multivitamin supplementation including B vitamins is associated with a significant reduction in plasma homocysteine levels among patients with one or more components of metabolic syndrome. This study was registered at the University Hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN) centre, and has the identifier UMIN000004436.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koutatsu Maruyama
- Laboratory of Community Health and Nutrition, Special Course of Food and Health Science, Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan
| | - Ehab S. Eshak
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Minia University, Main Road, Shalabyland, Minia 61111, Egypt
| | - Minako Kinuta
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masanori Nagao
- Department of Public Health, Dokkyo Medical University, School of Medicine, 880 Kita-kobayashi, Mibu, Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
| | - Renzhe Cui
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hironori Imano
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ohira
- Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Iso
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Gama Oliveira MN, Rosa G, João Mansure J, Wagner Ramos V, Godoy PH. Anthropometric Profile, Serum Leptin, Antioxidant Vitamins, LEPR Q223R Polymorphism and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Adolescents. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2019; 88:27-38. [PMID: 30983550 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, such as bad eating habits, are typical in adolescence and lead to the consumption of meals that are not always sufficient in vitamins A, E, β-carotene, excess calories and elevated serum leptin levels. The purpose of this research is to study the relationship between vitamin A deficiency (VAD), β-carotene deficiency (βcD), vitamin E deficiency (VED) and to explore the association of leptin receptor Q223R polymorphisms with obesity and other risk factors for CVD. Method: This observational study included 237 adolescents recruited from Adolescents Reference Center, Brazil. It was collected: socioeconomic and clinical data, laboratory and molecular samples. Results: The average age was 14.93 ± 2.18 years, 66.2 % were girls, 38.0 % had high levels of total cholesterol (TC) between 10-14 years Triceps (TSF) and subscapular skinfolds (SSF) measurements were inversely correlated with VAD. There was also an association between VAD, βcD and high triglyceride (TG) levels. Adolescents with the RR genotype presented a trend toward higher levels of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), systolic blood pressure (SBP), TC, TG, low density lipoprotein (LDLC), leptin and low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL-c). Conclusion: The girls had higher levels of leptin than boys. Abdominal fat, βcD and VED were observed in adolescents with VAD. Individuals with RR genotype have drawn attention to cardiovascular risk factors such as high rate of LDLC and reduced rate of HDLc. Thus, it is possible that individuals with this genotype may be more susceptible to the presence of cardiovascular risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Nubia Gama Oliveira
- 1 Adolescents Reference Center of the Municipal Health of the City of Macaé and State Health Secretariat, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Glorimar Rosa
- 2 Institute of Nutrition Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Paulo Henrique Godoy
- 5 School of Medicine and Surgery Federal University of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil
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Kosmeri C, Siomou E, Vlahos AP, Milionis H. Review shows that lipid disorders are associated with endothelial but not renal dysfunction in children. Acta Paediatr 2019; 108:19-27. [PMID: 30066344 DOI: 10.1111/apa.14529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
AIM We undertook this review to assess the effects of lipid metabolism abnormalities on endothelial and renal function in children. METHODS A search of relevant literature published in English from January 1988 to May 2018 was performed, and this included randomised controlled trials, observational cohort studies, systematic reviews and case reports. RESULTS The search process identified 2324 relevant studies and 29 were finally included. Noninvasive ultrasound markers of endothelial dysfunction, such as flow-mediated dilation and carotid intima-media thickness, were impaired in children with dyslipidaemia. Dietary interventions and statin therapy reversed the effects of dyslipidaemia on endothelial function in children. Most data from adult studies failed to prove a causative relationship between dyslipidaemia and renal disease progression or a beneficial effect of lipid-lowering treatment on renal outcomes. The limited paediatric data did not indicate dyslipidaemia as an independent risk factor for renal dysfunction, which was mainly estimated by cystatin C levels or proteinuria. Therefore, further investigation is needed to clarify a potential relationship. CONCLUSION In view of limited available paediatric evidence, dyslipidaemia may be adversely associated with endothelial function. However, the association between lipid metabolism disorders and renal function in childhood needs to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysoula Kosmeri
- Child Health Department School of Health Sciences Faculty of Medicine University of Ioannina Ioannina Greece
| | - Ekaterini Siomou
- Child Health Department School of Health Sciences Faculty of Medicine University of Ioannina Ioannina Greece
| | - Antonios P. Vlahos
- Child Health Department School of Health Sciences Faculty of Medicine University of Ioannina Ioannina Greece
| | - Haralampos Milionis
- Department of Internal Medicine School of Health Sciences Faculty of Medicine University of Ioannina Ioannina Greece
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Nagib MM, Tadros MG, Al-Khalek HAA, Rahmo RM, Sabri NA, Khalifa AE, Masoud SI. Molecular mechanisms of neuroprotective effect of adjuvant therapy with phenytoin in pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures: Impact on Sirt1/NRF2 signaling pathways. Neurotoxicology 2018; 68:47-65. [PMID: 30017425 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Current anticonvulsant therapies are principally aimed at suppressing neuronal hyperexcitability to prevent or control the incidence of seizures. However, the role of oxidative stress processes in seizures led to the proposition that antioxidant compounds may be considered as promising candidates for limiting the progression of epilepsy. Accordingly, the aim of this study is to determine if coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and alpha-tocopherol (α-Toc) have a neuroprotective effect in rats against the observed oxidative stress and inflammation during seizures induced by pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) in rats, and to study their interactions with the conventional antiseizure drug phenytoin (PHT), either alone or in combination. Overall, the data revealed that α-Toc and CoQ10 supplementation can ameliorate PTZ-induced seizures and recommended that nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and silencing information regulator 1 (Sirt1) signaling pathways may exemplify strategic molecular targets for seizure therapies. The results of the present study provide novel mechanistic insights regarding the protective effects of antioxidants and suggest an efficient therapeutic strategy to attenuate seizures. Additionally, concurrent supplementation of CoQ10 and α-Toc may be more effective than either antioxidant alone in decreasing inflammation and oxidative stress in both cortical and hippocampal tissues. Also, CoQ10 and α-Toc effectively reverse the PHT-mediated alterations in the brain antioxidant status when compared to PHT only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa M Nagib
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mariane G Tadros
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hadwa Ali Abd Al-Khalek
- Department of Histology and Cell biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rania M Rahmo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nagwa Ali Sabri
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amani E Khalifa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University seconded to 57357 Children Cancer Hospital as the Scientific Consultant for Pharmacy Affairs, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Somaia I Masoud
- Former Head of Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Iwata T, Mori T, Tanno Y, Kasakura S, Yoshioka K. Impaired Brachial Flow-Mediated Dilatation May Predict Symptomatic Intracranial Arterial Dissections. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2018; 27:2691-2695. [PMID: 30033099 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2018.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Spontaneous intracranial arterial dissections are characterized by the sudden disruption of the internal elastic lamina in the intracranial arteries. The purpose of our retrospective study was to investigate whether patients with nontraumatic intracranial arterial dissections had normal endothelial function. METHODS The study included symptomatic patients with nontraumatic intracranial arterial dissections who underwent an endothelial function test. Controls were selected from headache patients matched for sex and age. Endothelial function was assessed using flow-mediated dilatation. We investigated patients' ankle brachial index and pulse wave velocity to determine the degree of atherosclerosis. Patient characteristics, brachial flow-mediated dilatation, ankle brachial index, and pulse wave velocity were compared between the 2 groups. RESULTS During the study period, there were 22 patients with nontraumatic intracranial arterial dissections matched with 22 controls. Clinical characteristics were compared between the groups. Although there were no significant differences in ankle brachial index or pulse wave velocity between the 2 groups, patients with intracranial arterial dissections had lower flow-mediated dilatation values than controls (median flow-mediated dilatation, 3.95% in dissection patients versus 7.3% in controls, P = .0035). Brachial flow-mediated dilatation was impaired in symptomatic patients with nontraumatic intracranial arterial dissections despite the normal ankle brachial index and pulse wave velocity. CONCLUSIONS Impaired brachial flow-mediated dilatation is a probable predictor of intracranial arterial dissections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Iwata
- Department of Neurology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara City, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takahisa Mori
- Department of Stroke Treatment, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital Stroke Center, Kamakura City, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Yuhei Tanno
- Department of Stroke Treatment, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital Stroke Center, Kamakura City, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shigen Kasakura
- Department of Stroke Treatment, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital Stroke Center, Kamakura City, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yoshioka
- Department of Stroke Treatment, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital Stroke Center, Kamakura City, Kanagawa, Japan
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Wu Y, Su SA, Xie Y, Shen J, Zhu W, Xiang M. Murine models of vascular endothelial injury: Techniques and pathophysiology. Thromb Res 2018; 169:64-72. [PMID: 30015230 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial injury (VEI) triggers pathological processes in various cardiovascular diseases, such as coronary heart disease and hypertension. To further elucidate the in vivo pathological mechanisms of VEI, many animal models have been established. For the easiness of genetic manipulation and feeding, murine models become most commonly applied for investigating VEI. Subsequently, countless valuable information concerning pathogenesis has been obtained and therapeutic strategies for VEI have been developed. This review will highlight some typical murine VEI models from the perspectives of pharmacological intervention, surgery and genetic manipulation. The techniques, pathophysiology, advantages, disadvantages and the experimental purpose of each model will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- Cardiovascular Key Lab of Zhejiang Province, Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hang Zhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Sheng-An Su
- Cardiovascular Key Lab of Zhejiang Province, Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hang Zhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yao Xie
- Cardiovascular Key Lab of Zhejiang Province, Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hang Zhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jian Shen
- Cardiovascular Key Lab of Zhejiang Province, Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hang Zhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Cardiovascular Key Lab of Zhejiang Province, Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hang Zhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Meixiang Xiang
- Cardiovascular Key Lab of Zhejiang Province, Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hang Zhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China.
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McLaughlin K, Audette MC, Parker JD, Kingdom JC. Mechanisms and Clinical Significance of Endothelial Dysfunction in High-Risk Pregnancies. Can J Cardiol 2018; 34:371-380. [PMID: 29571421 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The maternal cardiovascular system undergoes critical anatomic and functional adaptations to achieve a successful pregnancy outcome which, if disrupted, can result in complications that significantly affect maternal and fetal health. Complications that involve the maternal cardiovascular system are among the most common disorders of pregnancy, including gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, and impaired fetal growth. As a central feature, maternal endothelial dysfunction is hypothesized to play a predominant role in mediating the pathogenesis of these high-risk pregnancies, and as such, might proceed and precipitate the clinical presentation of these pregnancy disorders. Improving or normalizing maternal endothelial function in high-risk pregnancies might be an effective therapeutic strategy to ameliorate maternal and fetal clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey McLaughlin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Sinai Health System, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; The Centre for Women's and Infant's Health at the Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Melanie C Audette
- The Centre for Women's and Infant's Health at the Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John D Parker
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Sinai Health System, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John C Kingdom
- The Centre for Women's and Infant's Health at the Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Sinai Health System, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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30
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Effect of oxidative stress on racial differences in vascular function at rest and during hand grip exercise. J Hypertens 2017; 35:2006-2015. [DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000001433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Abstract
Previous studies have shown that the intake of freeze-dried strawberry powder (FDSP) improves select markers of cardiovascular health in adults with cardiovascular risk factors; however, whether these improvements can be observed in at-risk adolescents is unknown. A randomised, double-blind, cross-over study enrolled twenty-five overweight or obese males, aged 14-18 years, to consume 50 g of a FDSP or a control powder, daily for 1 week. Before and after each test period, measures of microvascular function, plasma nitrate/nitrite, platelet reactivity and blood lipids were collected at baseline and acutely 1 h after FDSP intake. Acute plasma nitrate/nitrite levels increased 1 h after consuming the FDSP during Study Visit 1 before daily FDSP intake (P<0·001) and during Study Visit 2 after 1 week of FDSP intake (P<0·001) compared with control powder intake. As a group, fasting nitrate/nitrite levels did not significantly change after 1 week of control or FDSP intake. However, for those individuals where fasting nitrate levels increased after short-term FDSP intake compared with controls, an increase in reactive hyperaemia index (RHI) was observed (P=0·014), whereas RHI was unchanged in those individuals who did not have a significant increase in nitrate (P=0·396). Taken together, these data support the concept that strawberries can provide vascular health benefits to heavier adolescent males.
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Pieme CA, Tatangmo JA, Simo G, Biapa Nya PC, Ama Moor VJ, Moukette Moukette B, Tankeu Nzufo F, Njinkio Nono BL, Sobngwi E. Relationship between hyperglycemia, antioxidant capacity and some enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in African patients with type 2 diabetes. BMC Res Notes 2017; 10:141. [PMID: 28356165 PMCID: PMC5372257 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-017-2463-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Studies demonstrate that free radicals are involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. The aim of this study was to determine the implication of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and some enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants as suitable biomarkers of diabetic complications risk factors. METHODS A total of 90 patients (70 patients with or without diabetic complications +20 normal healthy) were examined by evaluating the level of lipid peroxidation, nitrogen monoxide (NO), fasting blood glucose, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants using standard spectrophotometric methods. RESULTS The fasting blood glucose and HbA1c levels were respectively 2.05 and 2.32 times higher in the group of patients with diabetes and complications (DPWC) compared to those of healthy persons. A statistically higher level of malondialdehyde (MDA), NO and TAC was observed in a group of patients with diabetes and complications compared to those without complications (DPNC). A significant positive correlation was found between catalase (CAT) and fasting blood glucose while a significant and negative correlation was noted between reduced glutathione (GSH) and fasting blood glucose. Also was noted a significant relationship between HbA1c and other markers of oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that the plasma levels of CAT, TAC and reduced glutathione could give information on the risk of developing complications of diabetes, considering that the modification of these biomarkers levels were associated with oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constant Anatole Pieme
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiological Sciences; Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 1364, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Jérôme Antony Tatangmo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Gustave Simo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Prosper Cabral Biapa Nya
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Vicky Jocelyne Ama Moor
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiological Sciences; Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 1364, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Bruno Moukette Moukette
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiological Sciences; Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 1364, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Francine Tankeu Nzufo
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiological Sciences; Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 1364, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | - Eugene Sobngwi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 1364, Yaounde, Cameroon
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Abstract
The plasma concentration of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, is the resultant of many processes at cellular and organ levels. Post-translational methylation of arginine residues of pro teins plays a crucial role in the regulation of their functions, which include processes such as transcription, translation and RNA splicing. Because protein methylation is irreversible, the methylation signal can be turned off only by proteolysis of the entire protein. Consequently, most methylated proteins have high turnover rates. Free ADMA, which is formed during proteolysis, is actively degraded by the intracellular enzyme dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH). Some ADMA escapes degradation and leaves the cell via cationic amino acid transporters. These trans porters also mediate uptake of ADMA by neighboring cells or distant organs, thereby facilitating active interorgan transport. Clearance of ADMA from the plasma occurs in small part by urinary excretion, but the bulk of ADMA is degraded by intracellular DDAH, after uptake from the circulation. This review discusses the various processes involved in ADMA metabolism: protein methylation, proteolysis of methylated proteins, metabolism by DDAH, and interorgan transport. In addition, the role of the kidney and the liver in the clearance of ADMA is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Teerlink
- 1Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical
Center, Amsterdam, The Netherland
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Zhu J, Wang W, Kong L, Ma C, Li Y, Liu B, Tan L. Real-time monitoring of oxidative injury of vascular endothelial cells and protective effect of quercetin using quartz crystal microbalance. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:8415-8425. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9959-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Revised: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Oka RK, Szuba A, Giacomini JC, Cooke JP. A pilot study of l-arginine supplementation on functional capacity in peripheral arterial disease. Vasc Med 2016; 10:265-74. [PMID: 16444855 DOI: 10.1191/1358863x05vm637oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) impairs walking capacity and is often associated with a profound endothelial vasodilator dysfunction, characterized by reduced bioactivity and/or synthesis of endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO). Previous studies have suggested that dietary supplementation of L-arginine, the precursor of NO, improves endothelium-dependent vasodilation, limb blood flow and walking distance. However, these studies have been small, and have used large intravenous doses of L-arginine. The optimal dose of L-arginine has not been determined. Accordingly, this pilot study was conducted to establish the lowest effective oral dose of L-arginine to improve walking distance in preparation for the definitive study. Patients with PAD and intermittent claudication ( n = 80) participated in this study. Eligibility criteria included: (1) ankle-brachial index (ABI) at rest ≤0.90; (2) post-exercise reduction in ABI ≥25%; and (3) difference in absolute claudication distance of ≤25% between two consecutive treadmill tests. Treadmill testing was performed using the Skinner-Gardner protocol and community-based walking was assessed using the walking impairment questionnaire. Patients were randomly assigned to oral doses of 0, 3, 6 or 9 g of L-arginine daily in three divided doses for 12 weeks. Treadmill testing was performed prior to administration of the study drug and again after 12 weeks of treatment. The study drug was well tolerated, with no significant adverse effects of L-arginine therapy. The safety laboratory studies were unremarkable, except for a statistically significant reduction in hematocrit in the L-arginine-treated groups. There was no significant difference observed in absolute claudication distance between the groups. However, a trend was observed for a greater increase in walking distance in the group treated with 3 g L-arginine daily, and there was a trend for an improvement in walking speed in patients treated with L-arginine. This pilot study provided data for safety, for power calculation and for dosing for the larger definitive trial that is now underway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta K Oka
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Community Health Systems, School of Nursing 2 Koret Way, Box 0608, San Francisco, CA 94143-0608, USA.
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Kline AE, Leary JB, Radabaugh HL, Cheng JP, Bondi CO. Combination therapies for neurobehavioral and cognitive recovery after experimental traumatic brain injury: Is more better? Prog Neurobiol 2016; 142:45-67. [PMID: 27166858 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant health care crisis that affects two million individuals in the United Sates alone and over ten million worldwide each year. While numerous monotherapies have been evaluated and shown to be beneficial at the bench, similar results have not translated to the clinic. One reason for the lack of successful translation may be due to the fact that TBI is a heterogeneous disease that affects multiple mechanisms, thus requiring a therapeutic approach that can act on complementary, rather than single, targets. Hence, the use of combination therapies (i.e., polytherapy) has emerged as a viable approach. Stringent criteria, such as verification of each individual treatment plus the combination, a focus on behavioral outcome, and post-injury vs. pre-injury treatments, were employed to determine which studies were appropriate for review. The selection process resulted in 37 papers that fit the specifications. The review, which is the first to comprehensively assess the effects of combination therapies on behavioral outcomes after TBI, encompasses five broad categories (inflammation, oxidative stress, neurotransmitter dysregulation, neurotrophins, and stem cells, with and without rehabilitative therapies). Overall, the findings suggest that combination therapies can be more beneficial than monotherapies as indicated by 46% of the studies exhibiting an additive or synergistic positive effect versus on 19% reporting a negative interaction. These encouraging findings serve as an impetus for continued combination studies after TBI and ultimately for the development of successful clinically relevant therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony E Kline
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States, United States; Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States.
| | - Jacob B Leary
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Hannah L Radabaugh
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Jeffrey P Cheng
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Corina O Bondi
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
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Hashemi M, Khosravi E, Ghannadi A, Hashemipour M, Kelishadi R. Effect of the peels of two Citrus fruits on endothelium function in adolescents with excess weight: A triple-masked randomized trial. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES 2015; 20:721-6. [PMID: 26664417 PMCID: PMC4652303 DOI: 10.4103/1735-1995.168273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity induces endothelial dysfunction even in the pediatric age group. The possible protective effects of fruits and herbal products on the endothelial dysfunction of obese children remain to be determined. This study aims to investigate the effects of lemon and sour orange peels on endothelial function of adolescents with excess weight. MATERIALS AND METHODS This triple-masked, randomized placebo-controlled trial was conducted for 1-month among 90 overweight and obese participants, aged 6-18 years. They were randomly assigned into three groups of equal number receiving daily oral capsules containing lemon or sour orange powder or placebo. Flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) was compared between three groups by using analysis of covariance. RESULTS Overall, 30 participants in the lemon group, 27 in the sour orange group and 29 in the control group completed the trial. After the trial, mean FMD was significantly (P < 0.001) higher in the lemon group (11.99 ± 4.05) and in the sour orange group (12.79 ± 5.47) than in the placebo group (6.45 ± 2.79). FMD percent change was 145.02 ± 24.34 in the lemon group, 142.04 ± 16.11 in the sour orange group, and 46.73 ± 5.16 in controls (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION This trial showed that consumption of extracts of lemon and sour orange peels, which contain plenty amounts of antioxidants, flavonoids, pectin, and vitamin C, might have significant benefits on endothelial function in children and adolescents with excess weight. Trial registry code: IRCT201311201434N10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hashemi
- Department of Cardiology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Elham Khosravi
- Department of Cardiology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Alireza Ghannadi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahin Hashemipour
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Su JB. Vascular endothelial dysfunction and pharmacological treatment. World J Cardiol 2015; 7:719-741. [PMID: 26635921 PMCID: PMC4660468 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v7.i11.719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The endothelium exerts multiple actions involving regulation of vascular permeability and tone, coagulation and fibrinolysis, inflammatory and immunological reactions and cell growth. Alterations of one or more such actions may cause vascular endothelial dysfunction. Different risk factors such as hypercholesterolemia, homocystinemia, hyperglycemia, hypertension, smoking, inflammation, and aging contribute to the development of endothelial dysfunction. Mechanisms underlying endothelial dysfunction are multiple, including impaired endothelium-derived vasodilators, enhanced endothelium-derived vasoconstrictors, over production of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species, activation of inflammatory and immune reactions, and imbalance of coagulation and fibrinolysis. Endothelial dysfunction occurs in many cardiovascular diseases, which involves different mechanisms, depending on specific risk factors affecting the disease. Among these mechanisms, a reduction in nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability plays a central role in the development of endothelial dysfunction because NO exerts diverse physiological actions, including vasodilation, anti-inflammation, antiplatelet, antiproliferation and antimigration. Experimental and clinical studies have demonstrated that a variety of currently used or investigational drugs, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin AT1 receptors blockers, angiotensin-(1-7), antioxidants, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, endothelial NO synthase enhancers, phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors, sphingosine-1-phosphate and statins, exert endothelial protective effects. Due to the difference in mechanisms of action, these drugs need to be used according to specific mechanisms underlying endothelial dysfunction of the disease.
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Otsuki T, Shimizu K, Maeda S. Changes in arterial stiffness and nitric oxide production with Chlorella-derived multicomponent supplementation in middle-aged and older individuals. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2015; 57:228-32. [PMID: 26566309 PMCID: PMC4639594 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.15-86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlorella is a unicellular green alga, which contains a variety of nutrients including amino acids, dietary fibers, n-3 unsaturated fatty acid, vitamins, and minerals. We previously demonstrated that Chlorella-derived multicomponent supplementation decreases arterial stiffness in young men. However, mechanisms underlying the reduction in arterial stiffness by Chlorella-derived supplementation and the effect in middle-aged and older individuals have remained unexplored. This study tested our hypothesis that Chlorella-derived supplementation improves arterial stiffness via an increase in nitric oxide (NO, a endothelium-derived relaxing factor) production in middle-aged and older individuals. Thirty-two subjects between 45 and 75 years of age assigned to placebo and Chlorella groups in a double-blinded manner and took respective tablets for 4 weeks. Before and after the supplementations, brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV, an index of arterial stiffness) and plasma nitrite/nitrate (NOx, end product of NO) concentration were measured. There was no difference in baPWV between before and after the placebo intake, but baPWV decreased after the Chlorella supplementation. Changes in baPWV with the Chlorella supplementation were correlated with those in plasma NOx concentration. We concluded that Chlorella-derived multicomponent supplementation decreases arterial stiffness in middle-aged and older individuals. It may be associated with increase in NO production by vascular endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Otsuki
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Ryutsu Keizai University, 120 Ryugasaki, Ibaraki 301-8555, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Shimizu
- Sports Research & Development Core, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Seiji Maeda
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
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40
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Dengel DR, Ryder JR. Impact of Health Status and Lifestyle Modifications on Vascular Structure and Function in Children and Adolescents. Am J Lifestyle Med 2015; 11:330-343. [PMID: 30202352 DOI: 10.1177/1559827615602226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Until recently cardiovascular disease is often thought of as a disease that manifests itself during middle age. Researchers and clinicians have begun to realize that the initial signs of cardiovascular disease begin early on in childhood with changes present in both vascular structure and function. This increased recognition has resulted in considerable effort to develop accurate and reliable methods to measure as well as track changes in vascular structure and function applicable to study this process in children and adolescents. Certain genetic abnormalities and chronic diseases, which present or emerge in childhood often result in meaningful changes to vascular structure and function, which aid in our understanding of the vascular disease process. In this review, we will discuss different methods of assessing vascular structure and function, the diseases in childhood associated with decrements and maladaptive changes in the vascular system, and whether modification of lifestyle (ie, weight loss, dietary and/or exercise changes) can affect vascular structure and function in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald R Dengel
- School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (DRD).,Division of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, Minnesota (DRD, JRR).,Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, Minnesota (JRR)
| | - Justin R Ryder
- School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (DRD).,Division of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, Minnesota (DRD, JRR).,Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, Minnesota (JRR)
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41
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Ridha M, Nourse SE, Selamet Tierney ES. Pediatric Interventions Using Noninvasive Vascular Health Indices. Hypertension 2015; 65:949-55. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.114.04926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ridha
- From the Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Susan E. Nourse
- From the Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Elif Seda Selamet Tierney
- From the Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA
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Sandoo A, Kitas GD. A methodological approach to non-invasive assessments of vascular function and morphology. J Vis Exp 2015. [PMID: 25741637 PMCID: PMC4354622 DOI: 10.3791/52339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The endothelium is the innermost lining of the vasculature and is involved in the maintenance of vascular homeostasis. Damage to the endothelium may predispose the vessel to atherosclerosis and increase the risk for cardiovascular disease. Assessments of peripheral endothelial function are good indicators of early abnormalities in the vascular wall and correlate well with assessments of coronary endothelial function. The present manuscript details the important methodological steps necessary for the assessment of microvascular endothelial function using laser Doppler imaging with iontophoresis, large vessel endothelial function using flow-mediated dilatation, and carotid atherosclerosis using carotid artery ultrasound. A discussion on the methodological considerations for each of the techniques is also presented, and recommendations are made for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aamer Sandoo
- School of Sport, Health and Exercise Sciences, Bangor University; Department of Rheumatology, Dudley Group of Hospitals NHS Trust, Russells Hall Hospital;
| | - George D Kitas
- Department of Rheumatology, Dudley Group of Hospitals NHS Trust, Russells Hall Hospital; Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit, University of Manchester
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Blair CK, Kelly AS, Steinberger J, Eberly LE, Napurski C, Robien K, Neglia JP, Mulrooney DA, Ross JA. Feasibility and preliminary efficacy of the effects of flavanoid-rich purple grape juice on the vascular health of childhood cancer survivors: a randomized, controlled crossover trial. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014; 61:2290-6. [PMID: 25175762 PMCID: PMC5125824 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.25202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood cancer survivors have an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease following treatment, yet few interventions have been evaluated to reduce this risk. Purple grape juice (pGJ), a rich source of flavonoids with antioxidant properties, has been shown in adults to reduce oxidative stress and improve endothelial function. We examined the effects of supplementing meals with pGJ on microvascular endothelial function and markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in 24 cancer survivors (ages 10-21 years). PROCEDURE In a randomized controlled crossover trial consisting of two, 4 week intervention periods, each preceded by a 4 week washout period, subjects received in random order 6 ounces twice daily of pGJ and clear apple juice (cAJ; similar in calories but lower in flavonoids). Measurements were obtained before and after each supplementation period; change was evaluated using mixed effects ANOVA. RESULTS pGJ did not improve endothelial function, measured using digital reactive hyperemia, compared with cAJ (mean change: pGJ 0.06, cAJ 0.22; difference of mean change [95% CI]: -0.16 [-0.42 - 0.11], P = 0.25). No significant changes in plasma concentrations of oxidized-LDL, myeloperoxidase, or high sensitivity C-reactive protein were observed. CONCLUSION After 4 weeks of daily consumption of flavonoid-rich pGJ, no measurable change in vascular function was observed in these childhood cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy K. Blair
- Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Aaron S. Kelly
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Julia Steinberger
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Lynn E. Eberly
- Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Char Napurski
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Kim Robien
- School of Public Health and Health Services, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Joseph P. Neglia
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Daniel A. Mulrooney
- Departments of Oncology and Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Julie A. Ross
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota,Correspondence to: Julie A. Ross, Department of Pediatrics MMC 422, 420 Delaware St. S.E. Minneapolis, MN 55455
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Soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) in type 1 diabetes Mellitus: Possible association with diabetic vascular complications. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmhg.2014.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
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de Diego-Otero Y, Calvo-Medina R, Quintero-Navarro C, Sánchez-Salido L, García-Guirado F, del Arco-Herrera I, Fernández-Carvajal I, Ferrando-Lucas T, Caballero-Andaluz R, Pérez-Costillas L. A combination of ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol to test the effectiveness and safety in the fragile X syndrome: study protocol for a phase II, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Trials 2014; 15:345. [PMID: 25187257 PMCID: PMC4168067 DOI: 10.1186/1745-6215-15-345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is an inherited neurodevelopmental condition characterised by behavioural, learning disabilities, phisical and neurological symptoms. In addition, an important degree of comorbidity with autism is also present. Considered a rare disorder affecting both genders, it first becomes apparent during childhood with displays of language delay and behavioural symptoms. Main aim: To show whether the combination of 10 mg/kg/day of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and 10 mg/kg/day of α-tocopherol (vitamin E) reduces FXS symptoms among male patients ages 6 to 18 years compared to placebo treatment, as measured on the standardized rating scales at baseline, and after 12 and 24 weeks of treatment. Secondary aims: To assess the safety of the treatment. To describe behavioural and cognitive changes revealed by the Developmental Behaviour Checklist Short Form (DBC-P24) and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children–Revised. To describe metabolic changes revealed by blood analysis. To measure treatment impact at home and in an academic environment. Methods/Design A phase II randomized, double-blind pilot clinical trial. Scope: male children and adolescents diagnosed with FXS, in accordance with a standardized molecular biology test, who met all the inclusion criteria and none of the exclusion criteria. Instrumentation: clinical data, blood analysis, Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children–Revised, Conners parent and teacher rating scale scores and the DBC-P24 results will be obtained at the baseline (t0). Follow up examinations will take place at 12 weeks (t1) and 24 weeks (t2) of treatment. Discussion A limited number of clinical trials have been carried out on children with FXS, but more are necessary as current treatment possibilities are insufficient and often provoke side effects. In the present study, we sought to overcome possible methodological problems by conducting a phase II pilot study in order to calculate the relevant statistical parameters and determine the safety of the proposed treatment. The results will provide evidence to improve hyperactivity control and reduce behavioural and learning problems using ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and α-tocopherol (vitamin E). The study protocol was approved by the Regional Government Committee for Clinical Trials in Andalusia and the Spanish agency for drugs and health products. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01329770 (29 March 2011)
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda de Diego-Otero
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Civil, Pabellón 2 bajo, Plaza del Hospital Civil S/N, 29009 Málaga, Spain.
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Simvastatin combined with antioxidant attenuates the cerebral vascular endothelial inflammatory response in a rat traumatic brain injury. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:910260. [PMID: 25013810 PMCID: PMC4071852 DOI: 10.1155/2014/910260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) leads to important and deleterious neuroinflammation, as evidenced by indicators such as edema, cytokine production, induction of nitric oxide synthase, and leukocyte infiltration. After TBI, cerebral vascular endothelial cells play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of inflammation. In our previous study, we proved that simvastatin could attenuate cerebral vascular endothelial inflammatory response in a rat traumatic brain injury. This purpose of this study was to determine whether simvastatin combined with an antioxidant could produce the same effect or greater and to examine affected surrogate biomarkers for the neuroinflammation after traumatic brain injury in rat. In our study, cortical contusions were induced, and the effect of acute and continuous treatment of simvastatin and vitamin C on behavior and inflammation in adult rats following experimental TBI was evaluated. The results demonstrated that simvastatin combined with an antioxidant could provide neuroprotection and it may be attributed to a dampening of cerebral vascular endothelial inflammatory response.
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Ari E, Kaya Y, Demir H, Asicioglu E, Eren Z, Celik E, Arikan H. Cinacalcet may improve oxidative DNA damage in maintenance hemodialysis patients: an observational study. Int Urol Nephrol 2014; 46:1843-9. [PMID: 24811568 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-014-0723-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress is accepted as a non-classical cardiovascular risk factor in patients on maintenance hemodialysis (HD). The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of cinacalcet on oxidative stress biomarkers, oxidative DNA damage (8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine/deoxyguanosine), endothelial function (FMD %) and carotid artery intima-media thickness (CIMT) in HD patients. METHODS Forty-two chronic HD patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism undergoing 60 mg/day cinacalcet treatment with a follow-up of 6 months and 38 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals were included in this prospective study. Plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine/deoxyguanosine ratio (8-OHdG/dG) were determined as oxidative stress markers. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), paraoxonase (PON), catalase (CAT), carbonic anhydrase (CAN) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities were measured as antioxidants. FMD % and CIMT were assessed by ultrasonography. RESULTS MDA levels were decreased; SOD, PON, CAT, CAN and GPx activities were increased after 6 months of cinacalcet treatment in HD patients. Although CIMT remained stabile, there was a significant improvement in FMD % as well as a notable reduction trend in 8-OHdG/dG ratio after 6 months of treatment. CONCLUSION Our data have demonstrated that cinacalcet improves oxidative stress, genomic damage, endothelial function and increases antioxidant protection in HD patients after 6 months of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Ari
- Department of Nephrology, Kartal Research and Training Hospital, 34890, Istanbul, Turkey,
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48
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Rimoldi SF, Sartori C, Rexhaj E, Bailey DM, Marchi SFD, McEneny J, Arx RV, Cerny D, Duplain H, Germond M, Allemann Y, Scherrer U. Antioxidants improve vascular function in children conceived by assisted reproductive technologies: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2014; 22:1399-407. [DOI: 10.1177/2047487314535117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano F Rimoldi
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Research, Inselspital, University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Claudio Sartori
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Research, Inselspital, University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Centre Hospitalieruniversitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Emrush Rexhaj
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Research, Inselspital, University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Damian M Bailey
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, University of South Wales, UK
| | - Stefano F de Marchi
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Research, Inselspital, University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jane McEneny
- Centre for Clinical and Population Sciences, Queen’s University, Northern Ireland
| | - Robert von Arx
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Research, Inselspital, University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - David Cerny
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Research, Inselspital, University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hervé Duplain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Delémont, Switzerland
| | - Marc Germond
- Centre de Procréation Médicalement Assistée, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yves Allemann
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Research, Inselspital, University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Urs Scherrer
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Research, Inselspital, University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
- Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología, Universidad de Tarapacá, Chile
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Ceramide-activated phosphatase mediates fatty acid-induced endothelial VEGF resistance and impaired angiogenesis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2014; 184:1562-76. [PMID: 24606881 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction, including endothelial hyporesponsiveness to prototypical angiogenic growth factors and eNOS agonists, underlies vascular pathology in many dysmetabolic states. We investigated effects of a saturated free fatty acid, palmitic acid (PA), on endothelial cell responses to VEGF. PA-pretreated endothelial cells had markedly diminished Akt, eNOS, and ERK activation responses to VEGF, despite normal VEGFR2 phosphorylation. PA inhibited VEGF-induced angiogenic cord formation in Matrigel, and PA-treated endothelial cells accumulated early species (C16) ceramide. The serine palmitoyltransferase inhibitor myriocin reversed these defects. Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) became more eNOS-associated in PA-treated cells; the PP2A inhibitor okadaic acid reversed PA-induced signaling defects. Mice fed a diet high in saturated fat for 2 to 3 weeks had impaired i) aortic Akt and eNOS phosphorylation to infused VEGF, ii) ear angiogenic responses to intradermal adenoviral-VEGF injection, and iii) vascular flow recovery to hindlimb ischemia as indicated by laser Doppler and αVβ3 SPECT imaging. High-fat feeding did not impair VEGF-induced signaling or angiogenic responses in mice with reduced serine palmitoyltransferase expression. Thus, de novo ceramide synthesis is required for these detrimental PA effects. The findings demonstrate an endothelial VEGF resistance mechanism conferred by PA, which comprises ceramide-induced, PP2A-mediated dephosphorylation of critical activation sites on enzymes central to vascular homeostasis and angiogenesis. This study defines potential molecular targets for preservation of endothelial function in metabolic syndrome.
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Sahebkar A. Effect of niacin on endothelial function: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Vasc Med 2014; 19:54-66. [PMID: 24391126 DOI: 10.1177/1358863x13515766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is an independent predictor of incident atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ACVD). Niacin possesses high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-elevating, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, all potentially contributing to the amelioration of endothelial function. However, controversies exist among trials reporting the effects of niacin on endothelium-dependent flow-mediated dilation (FMD) as a reliable surrogate of endothelial function. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of niacin on brachial artery FMD using a meta-analysis of available evidence. MEDLINE and Scopus databases were searched for randomized controlled trials investigating the impact of niacin therapy on brachial artery FMD. Meta-analysis of eligible studies was conducted using a random-effects model. Pooled effects were measured by weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Quality assessment, and subgroup, meta-regression and sensitivity analyses were conducted using standard methods. Among 596 citations, 19 full-text articles were read and seven were found to be eligible for inclusion. Eligible studies involved 441 subjects comprising 228 in the niacin and 213 in the control groups. Niacin therapy significantly improved FMD (WMD: 1.98%; 95% CI: 0.91-3.05%; p = 0.0003) and this effect was robust in the sensitivity analysis. The effect size was greater in the subgroup of studies administering higher doses of niacin (≥ 2000 mg/day) as well as those studies administering niacin for primary prevention of ACVD. Meta-regression indicated no association between niacin-induced changes in FMD and changes in plasma HDL-cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol or triglycerides. None of the included studies could find any significant effect of niacin on nitroglycerin-mediated dilation. In conclusion, treatment with niacin improves endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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