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Kuang H, Li Y, Lu Y, Zhang L, Wei L, Wu Y. Reproductive and fetal outcomes in women with epilepsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2024; 37:2351196. [PMID: 38735863 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2024.2351196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although early evidence shows that epilepsy can increase the risks of adverse pregnancy, some outcomes are still debatable. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the effects of maternal and fetal adverse outcomes in pregnant women with epilepsy. METHODS PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science were employed to collect studies that investigated the potential risk of obstetric complications during the antenatal, intrapartum, or postnatal period, as well as any neonatal complications. The search was conducted from inception to November 16, 2022. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to assess the quality of the included original studies. The odds ratio (OR) values were extracted after adjusting for confounders to measure the relationship between pregnant women with epilepsy and adverse maternal or fetal outcomes. The protocol for this systematic review is registered with PROSPERO ID CRD42023391539. RESULTS Of 35 articles identified, there were 142,577 mothers with epilepsy and 34,381,373 mothers without epilepsy. Our study revealed a significant association between pregnant women with epilepsy (PWWE) and the incidence of cesarean section, preeclampsia/eclampsia, gestational hypertension, induction of labor, gestational diabetes and postpartum hemorrhage compared with those without epilepsy. Regarding newborns outcomes, PWWE versus those without epilepsy had increased odds of preterm birth, small for gestational age, low birth weight (<2500 g), and congenital malformations, fetal distress. The odds of operative vaginal delivery, newborn mortality, and Apgar (≤ 7) were similar between PWWE and healthy women. CONCLUSION Pregnant women affected by epilepsy encounter a higher risk of adverse obstetric outcomes and fetal complications. Therefore, it is crucial to develop appropriate prevention and intervention strategies prior to or during pregnancy to minimize the negative impacts of epilepsy on maternal and fetal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Kuang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yixun Li
- Department of Radiology, Guangxi International Zhuang Medical Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Yuling Lu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Lei Wei
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yuan Wu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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2
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Warrington JP, Collins HE, Davidge ST, do Carmo JM, Goulopoulou S, Intapad S, Loria AS, Sones JL, Wold LE, Zinkhan EK, Alexander BT. Guidelines for in vivo models of developmental programming of cardiovascular disease risk. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 327:H221-H241. [PMID: 38819382 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00060.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Research using animals depends on the generation of offspring for use in experiments or for the maintenance of animal colonies. Although not considered by all, several different factors preceding and during pregnancy, as well as during lactation, can program various characteristics in the offspring. Here, we present the most common models of developmental programming of cardiovascular outcomes, important considerations for study design, and provide guidelines for producing and reporting rigorous and reproducible cardiovascular studies in offspring exposed to normal conditions or developmental insult. These guidelines provide considerations for the selection of the appropriate animal model and factors that should be reported to increase rigor and reproducibility while ensuring transparent reporting of methods and results.
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Grants
- 20YVNR35490079 American Heart Association (AHA)
- R01HL139348 HHS | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
- R01HL135158 HHS | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
- U54GM115428 HHS | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)
- R01AG057046 HHS | NIH | National Institute on Aging (NIA)
- HL146562-04S1 HHS | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
- P20GM104357 HHS | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)
- 1R01HL163076 HHS | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
- P01HL51971 HHS | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
- R01HL143459 HHS | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
- R01HL146562 HHS | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
- R01HL163003 HHS | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
- R01HL163818 HHS | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
- R01DK121411 HHS | NIH | National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
- R01HL147844 HHS | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
- Excellence Faculty Support Grant Jewish Heritage Fund
- P30GM149404 HHS | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)
- P30GM14940 HHS | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)
- P20GM121334 HHS | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)
- 23SFRNPCS1067044 American Heart Association (AHA)
- R01 HL146562 NHLBI NIH HHS
- R56HL159447 HHS | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
- P20GM135002 HHS | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)
- FS154313 CIHR
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Affiliation(s)
- Junie P Warrington
- Department of Neurology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
| | - Helen E Collins
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Cardiometabolic Science, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
| | - Sandra T Davidge
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jussara M do Carmo
- Department of Physiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
| | - Styliani Goulopoulou
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, United States
- Department of Gynecology, and Obstetrics, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, United States
| | - Suttira Intapad
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
| | - Analia S Loria
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
| | - Jenny L Sones
- Equine Reproduction Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States
| | - Loren E Wold
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Erin K Zinkhan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah and Intermountain Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
- Intermountain Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Barbara T Alexander
- Department of Physiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
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3
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Nemec-Bakk AS, Bel J, Niccoli S, Boreham DR, Tai TC, Lees SJ, Khaper N. Effects of prenatal dexamethasone exposure on adult C57BL/6J mouse metabolism and oxidative stress. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2024; 102:180-195. [PMID: 38329060 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2023-0254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Prenatal glucocorticoid exposure has been shown to alter hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function resulting in altered fetal development that can persist through adulthood. Fetal exposure to excess dexamethasone, a synthetic glucocorticoid, has been shown to alter adult behaviour and metabolism. This study investigated the effects prenatal dexamethasone exposure had on adult offspring cardiac and liver metabolism and oxidative stress. Pregnant C57BL/6 mice received a dose of 0.4 mg/kg dexamethasone on gestational days 15-17. Once pups were approximately 7 months old, glucose uptake was determined using positron emission tomography and insulin resistance (IR) was determined by homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) IR calculation. Oxidative stress was assessed by measuring 4-hydroxynonenal protein adduct formation and total reactive oxygen species. Female dexamethasone group had significantly increased glucose uptake when insulin stimulated compared to vehicle-treated mice. HOMA IR revealed no evidence of IR in either male or female offspring. There was also no change in oxidative stress markers in either cardiac or liver tissues of male or female offspring. These data suggest that prenatal dexamethasone exposure in male mice does not alter oxidative stress or metabolism. However, prenatal dexamethasone exposure increased glucocorticoids, cardiac glucose uptake, and pAkt signaling in female heart tissues in adult mice, suggesting there are sex differences in prenatal dexamethasone exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Nemec-Bakk
- Department of Science and Environmental studies, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - J Bel
- Department of Science and Environmental studies, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - S Niccoli
- Medical Science Division, NOSM University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - D R Boreham
- Medical Science Division, NOSM University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
- Biomolecular Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - T C Tai
- Medical Science Division, NOSM University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
- Biomolecular Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - S J Lees
- Medical Science Division, NOSM University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - N Khaper
- Medical Science Division, NOSM University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
- Biomolecular Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
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4
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Nunes Torres JA, de Lima DCA, Moraes VGDS, de Oliveira Cardoso MV, de Araújo Ribeiro LA, Silva FS, de Queiroz DB. Maternal exposure to glyphosate-based herbicide causes vascular dysfunction in offspring female rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2024; 484:116873. [PMID: 38417591 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2024.116873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
This study analyzed how glyphosate exposure in the gestational period affects vascular function in their female offspring and whether oxidative stress is involved in this effect. To this, pregnant Wistar rats were exposed through drinking water to 0.2% of a glyphosate commercial formulation, and we analyzed the response to acetylcholine and phenylephrine in the aorta from offspring of Glyphosate-based herbicide (O-GBH) and controls (O-CON) rats at six months of age. Relaxation to acetylcholine was reduced in O-GBH than in O-CON. Acute Indomethacin and Apocynin increased relaxation to acetylcholine in O-GBH. The aorta from O-GBH was hyperactive to phenylephrine; the preincubation with N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) increased contraction to phenylephrine more in O-CON than O-GBH. TEMPOL similarly reduced phenylephrine response, and L-NAME prevented this effect. The TBARS and GSH levels were increased in O-GBH than in O-CON. Results reinforce the concept that oxidative stress during the perinatal period contributes to the development of vascular changes in adulthood. Results also reveal that oxidative stress parameters altered, and the current levels considered safe for exposure to Glyphosate deserve further investigation, especially in the female gender.
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Campbell N, Deer E, Solise D, Cornelius DC, Turner T, Amaral LM, Herrock O, Jordan A, Shukla S, Ibrahim T, LaMarca B. AT1-AA Is Produced in Offspring in Response to Placental Ischemia and Is Lowered by B-Cell Depletion Without Compromising Overall Offspring Health. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e031417. [PMID: 38353227 PMCID: PMC11010106 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.031417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preeclampsia, new-onset hypertension during pregnancy alongside other organ dysfunction, is the leading cause of mortality for the mother and low birth weight for the baby. Low birth weight contributes to high risk of cardiovascular disorders later in life. Women with preeclampsia have activated B cells producing agonistic autoantibodies to AT1-AA (angiotensin II type I receptor). We hypothesize that rituximab, a B cell-depleting chemotherapeutic, will deplete maternal B cells in reduced uterine perfusion pressure (RUPP) rats without worsening the effect of placental ischemia on pup growth and survival. METHODS AND RESULTS To test this hypothesis, the RUPP procedure was performed, and rituximab was continuously infused via miniosmotic pump. Maternal blood and tissues were collected. A separate group of dams were allowed to deliver, pup weights were recorded, and at 4 months of age, tissues were collected from offspring. Immune cells were measured via flow cytometry, and AT1-AA was quantified using a contraction bioassay. Blood pressure increased in RUPP rats and was normalized with rituximab treatment. RUPP offspring also had increased circulating B cells, cytolytic natural killer cells, and increased circulating AT1-AA, which were normalized with maternal rituximab treatment. This is the first study to analyze the AT1-AA in RUPP offspring, which was normalized with rituximab. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that perinatal rituximab lowers maternal mean arterial pressure in RUPP rats and improves birth weight, circulating AT1-AA, and circulating natural killer cells, indicating that rituximab improves adverse fetal outcomes in response to placental ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Campbell
- Department of Pharmacology & ToxicologyUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMS
| | - Evangeline Deer
- Department of Pharmacology & ToxicologyUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMS
| | - Dylan Solise
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMS
| | - Denise C. Cornelius
- Department of Pharmacology & ToxicologyUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMS
- Department of Emergency MedicineUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMS
| | - Ty Turner
- Department of Pharmacology & ToxicologyUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMS
| | - Lorena M. Amaral
- Department of Pharmacology & ToxicologyUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMS
| | - Owen Herrock
- Department of Pharmacology & ToxicologyUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMS
| | - Ariel Jordan
- Department of Pharmacology & ToxicologyUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMS
| | - Shivani Shukla
- Department of Pharmacology & ToxicologyUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMS
| | - Tarek Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology & ToxicologyUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMS
| | - Babbette LaMarca
- Department of Pharmacology & ToxicologyUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMS
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMS
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6
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Tsuji M, Tanaka N, Koike H, Sato Y, Shimoyama Y, Itoh A. Various Organ Damages in Rats with Fetal Growth Restriction and Their Slight Attenuation by Bifidobacterium breve Supplementation. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2005. [PMID: 37895387 PMCID: PMC10607936 DOI: 10.3390/life13102005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Children with fetal growth restriction (FGR) and its resultant low birthweight (LBW) are at a higher risk of developing various health problems later in life, including renal diseases, metabolic syndrome, and sarcopenia. The mechanism through which LBW caused by intrauterine hypoperfusion leads to these health problems has not been properly investigated. Oral supplementation with probiotics is expected to reduce these risks in children. In the present study, rat pups born with FGR-LBW after mild intrauterine hypoperfusion were supplemented with either Bifidobacterium breve (B. breve) or a vehicle from postnatal day 1 (P1) to P21. Splanchnic organs and skeletal muscles were evaluated at six weeks of age. Compared with the sham group, the LBW-vehicle group presented significant changes as follows: overgrowth from infancy to childhood; lighter weight of the liver, kidneys, and gastrocnemius and plantaris muscles; reduced height of villi in the ileum; and increased depth of crypts in the jejunum. Some of these changes were milder in the LBW-B.breve group. In conclusion, this rat model could be useful for investigating the mechanisms of how FGR-LBW leads to future health problems and for developing interventions for these problems. Supplementation with B. breve in early life may modestly attenuate these problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Tsuji
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyoto Women’s University, Kyoto 605-8501, Japan
| | - Nao Tanaka
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyoto Women’s University, Kyoto 605-8501, Japan
| | - Hitomi Koike
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyoto Women’s University, Kyoto 605-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Sato
- Division of Neonatology, Center for Maternal-Neonatal Care, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan;
| | - Yoshie Shimoyama
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan
| | - Ayaka Itoh
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyoto Women’s University, Kyoto 605-8501, Japan
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7
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Yang C, Baker PN, Granger JP, Davidge ST, Tong C. Long-Term Impacts of Preeclampsia on the Cardiovascular System of Mother and Offspring. Hypertension 2023; 80:1821-1833. [PMID: 37377011 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.123.21061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-specific complication that is associated with an increased postpartum risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in both women and their offspring, although the underlying mechanisms have yet to be fully elucidated. Nevertheless, differential methylation of cytosine-phosphate-guanosine islands and alterations in the expression of microRNA, associated with an elevated risk of CVD, have been observed in women and their children following preeclampsia. Among this specific population, genetic and epigenetic factors play crucial roles in the development of CVD in later life. A series of biomolecules involved in inflammation, oxidative stress, and angiogenesis may link pregnancy vascular bed disorders in preeclampsia to the pathogenesis of future CVD and thus could be valuable for the prediction and intervention of long-term CVD in women with a history of preeclampsia and their offspring. Here, we present insights into the cardiovascular structure and functional changes of women with a history of preeclampsia and their offspring. With a focus on various underlying mechanisms, the conclusions from this review are expected to provide more potential diagnostics and treatment strategies for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China (C.Y., C.T.)
- Ministry of Education-International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Chongqing, China (C.Y., P.N.B., C.T.)
| | - Philip N Baker
- Ministry of Education-International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Chongqing, China (C.Y., P.N.B., C.T.)
- College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (P.N.B.)
| | - Joey P Granger
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (J.P.G.)
| | - Sandra T Davidge
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (S.T.D.)
| | - Chao Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China (C.Y., C.T.)
- Ministry of Education-International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Chongqing, China (C.Y., P.N.B., C.T.)
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8
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Vieira Pimentel RL, Braga JF, Velloso EPP, Lautner RQ, de Oliveira ML, Todiras M, Alenina N, Bader M, de Sousa FG, Beier SL, Santos R. G-protein-coupled receptor MAS deletion produces a preeclampsia-like phenotype in FVB/N mice. Clin Sci (Lond) 2023; 137:1249-1263. [PMID: 37527493 DOI: 10.1042/cs20220819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An unbalance in the renin-angiotensin (Ang) system (RAS) between the Ang II/AT1 and Ang-(1-7)/Mas axis appears to be involved in preeclampsia (PE), in which a reduction in Ang-(1-7) was observed. Here, we tested whether the reduction in the activity of the Ang-(1-7)/Mas axis could be a contributing factor for the development of PE, using Mas-deficient (Mas-/-) mice. METHODS AND RESULTS Cardiovascular parameters were evaluated by telemetry before, during pregnancy and 4 days postpartum in 20-week-old Mas-/- and wild-type (WT) female mice. Mas-/- mice presented reduced arterial blood pressure (BP) at baseline (91.3 ± 0.8 in Mas-/- vs. 94.0 ± 0.9 mmHg in WT, Diastolic, P<0.05). However, after the 13th day of gestation, BP in Mas-/- mice started to increase, time-dependently, and at day 19 of pregnancy, these animals presented a higher BP in comparison with WT group (90.5 ± 0.7 in Mas-/- vs. 80.3 ± 3.5 mmHg in WT, Diastolic D19, P<0.0001). Moreover, pregnant Mas-/- mice presented fetal growth restriction, increase in urinary protein excretion as compared with nonpregnant Mas-/-, oliguria, increase in cytokines, endothelial dysfunction and reduced ACE, AT1R, ACE2, ET-1A, and eNOS placental mRNA, similar to some of the clinical manifestations found in the development of PE. CONCLUSIONS These results show that Mas-deletion produces a PE-like state in FVB/N mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Lúcia Vieira Pimentel
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Janaína Félix Braga
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth Portugal Pimenta Velloso
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Roberto Queiroga Lautner
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Marilene Luzia de Oliveira
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Mihail Todiras
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin-Buch, Germany
| | - Natalia Alenina
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin-Buch, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Bader
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin-Buch, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Charité University Medicine Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Biology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Felipe Gaia de Sousa
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Suzane Lilian Beier
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ras Santos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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9
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Olivera S, Graham D. Sex differences in preclinical models of hypertension. J Hum Hypertens 2023; 37:619-625. [PMID: 36335169 PMCID: PMC10403342 DOI: 10.1038/s41371-022-00770-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension remains the primary contributor in the development of cardiovascular disease which is rapidly increasing worldwide. High blood pressure affects men and women differently and understanding these sex differences is the ultimate unmet need for researchers in this field. Due to the inherent differences in hypertension prevalence, control and outcomes between men and women, novel research needs to be carried out to tackle these disparities and improve targeted treatment. Animal models of hypertension have provided valuable insights into the sexual dimorphism of blood pressure mechanisms. The availability of genetic and non-genetic hypertensive strains allows the opportunity to study diverse environmental and genetic factors that affect blood pressure, therefore presenting a valuable tool for researchers. Sex differences are present before birth and throughout life, which presents a challenge for the study of disease development in humans, but these complexities can be resolved with the use of in vivo models that display similarities to human disease. The aim of the present review is to provide an overview of the different available animal models of hypertension that present sexual dimorphisms and to discuss their relevance to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sol Olivera
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Delyth Graham
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK.
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10
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Campbell N, Solise D, Deer E, LaMarca B. Sex Differences in Offspring of Preeclamptic Pregnancies. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 34:100688. [PMID: 37305157 PMCID: PMC10249590 DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2023.100688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A poor uterine environment causes changes in fetal development that affect the health of offspring long-term. Although there are multiple pathways that contribute to the development of cardiovascular and neurological disease, low birth weight or fetal growth restriction (FGR) predisposes offspring to these diseases. There is a link between fetal exposure to adverse influences and hypertension later in life. Many epidemiological studies support the link between fetal life and the risk of disease later in life. Experimental models have sought to provide mechanistic proof of this link while simultaneously investigating potential therapeutics or treatment pathways. Preeclampsia (PE), one of several hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality for both the mother and fetus. Studies have shown that PE is a state of chronic inflammation and there is an imbalance between pro-inflammatory and regulatory immune cells and mediators. There is no cure for PE beyond the delivery of the fetal-placental unit, and many PE pregnancies result in FGR and preterm birth. Epidemiological data demonstrate that the sex of the offspring is correlated with the degree of cardiovascular disease that develops with the age of the offspring yet few studies examine the effect of sex on the development of neurological disorders. Even fewer studies examine the effects of therapeutics on offspring of different genders following a PE pregnancy. Moreover, there remain significant gaps in knowledge concerning the role the immune system plays in FGR offspring developing hypertension or neurovascular disorders later in life. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to highlight current research on sex differences in the developmental programming of hypertension and neurological disorders following a PE pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Campbell
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of
Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Dylan Solise
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of
Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Evangeline Deer
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of
Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Babbette LaMarca
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of
Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of
Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
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11
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Solise D, Campbell N, Ashraf U, Herrock O, Crudup B, Mallette J, Willis A, Rawls AZ, Turner T, Cockrell K, Zheng B, Deer E, Amaral L, Alexander BT, Lamarca B. Inhibition of angiotensin II type 1 receptor agonistic autoantibodies by direct binding does not impact reduced uterine perfusion pressure offspring birthweight and blood pressure at adulthood. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM 2023; 5:100945. [PMID: 36990181 PMCID: PMC10449034 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2023.100945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preeclampsia, a new-onset hypertension with end-organ damage in pregnancy, is associated with maternal death and morbidity, low birthweight, and B cells producing agonistic autoantibodies to the angiotensin II type 1 receptor. Angiotensin II type 1 receptor agonistic autoantibodies are produced during pregnancy and after delivery and are in the fetal circulation of women with preeclampsia. Angiotensin II type 1 receptor agonistic autoantibodies are shown to contribute to endothelial dysfunction, renal dysfunction, hypertension, fetal growth restriction, and chronic inflammation in women with preeclampsia. The reduced uterine perfusion pressure rat model of preeclampsia exhibits these features. In addition, we have shown that the administration of a 'n7AAc', which blocks the actions of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor autoantibodies, improves preeclamptic features in the rat with reduced uterine perfusion pressure. However, the effect of a 'n7AAc' on the long-term health of the offspring of rats with reduced uterine perfusion pressure is unknown. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to test the hypothesis that inhibition of angiotensin II type 1 receptor autoantibodies during pregnancy will improve offspring birthweight and prevent increased cardiovascular risk in offspring in adulthood. STUDY DESIGN To test our hypothesis, a 'n7AAc' (24 µg/d) or vehicle (saline) was given on gestation day 14 via miniosmotic pumps to sham-operated (sham) and Sprague-Dawley rat dams with reduced uterine perfusion pressure. Dams were allowed to deliver naturally, and pup weights were recorded within 12 hours after birth. Pups were aged to 16 weeks, at which time mean arterial pressure was measured and whole blood was collected to measure immune cells by flow cytometry, cytokines by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and angiotensin II type 1 receptor autoantibodies by bioassay. A 2-way analysis of variance with the Bonferroni multiple comparison posthoc test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS There was no significant change in offspring birthweight of 'n7AAc'-treated male (5.63±0.09 g) or female (5.66±0.14 g) offspring from reduced uterine perfusion pressure dams compared with vehicle male (5.51±0.17 g) or female (5.74±0.13 g) offspring from reduced uterine perfusion pressure dams. In addition, 'n7AAc' treatment did not affect the birthweight of sham male (5.83±0.11 g) or female (5.64±0.12) offspring compared with vehicle sham male (5.811±0.15 g) or female (5.40±0.24 g) offspring. At adulthood, mean arterial pressure was unchanged in 'n7AAc' treated-male (133±2 mm Hg) and female (127±3 mm Hg) offspring from reduced uterine perfusion pressure dams compared with vehicle male (142±3 mm Hg) and female (133±5 mm Hg) offspring from reduced uterine perfusion pressure dams, the 'n7AAc'-treated sham male (133±3 mm Hg) and female (135±3 mm Hg) offspring, and vehicle sham male (138±4 mm Hg) and female (130±5 mm Hg) offspring. The circulating angiotensin II type 1 receptor autoantibodies were increased in vehicle male (10±2 ΔBPM) and female (14±2 ΔBPM) offspring from reduced uterine perfusion pressure dams and 'n7AAc'-treated male (11±2 ΔBPM) and female (11±2 ΔBPM) offspring from reduced uterine perfusion pressure dams compared with vehicle sham male (1±1 ΔBPM) and female (-1±1 ΔBPM) offspring and 'n7AAc'-treated sham male (-2±2 ΔBPM) and female (-2±2 ΔBPM) offspring. CONCLUSION Our findings indicated that perinatal 7-amino acid sequence peptide treatment does not negatively impact offspring survival or weight at birth. Perinatal 'n7AAc' treatment did not prevent increased cardiovascular risk in offspring, but it also did not cause an increased cardiovascular risk in offspring with reduced uterine perfusion pressure compared with controls. Furthermore, perinatal 'n7AAc' treatment did not affect endogenous immunologic programming as observed by no change in circulating angiotensin II type 1 receptor autoantibodies in either sex of adult offspring from reduced uterine perfusion pressure dams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Solise
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Drs Solise and Lamarca), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Nathan Campbell
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (Messrs Campbell, Herrock, Turner, and Zheng and Drs Deer, Amaral, and Lamarca), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Usman Ashraf
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics (Drs Ashraf and Crudup, Ms Mallette, Messrs Willis and Rawls, Ms Cockrell, and Dr Alexander), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Owen Herrock
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (Messrs Campbell, Herrock, Turner, and Zheng and Drs Deer, Amaral, and Lamarca), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Breland Crudup
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics (Drs Ashraf and Crudup, Ms Mallette, Messrs Willis and Rawls, Ms Cockrell, and Dr Alexander), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Jordan Mallette
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics (Drs Ashraf and Crudup, Ms Mallette, Messrs Willis and Rawls, Ms Cockrell, and Dr Alexander), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Alex Willis
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics (Drs Ashraf and Crudup, Ms Mallette, Messrs Willis and Rawls, Ms Cockrell, and Dr Alexander), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Adam Z Rawls
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics (Drs Ashraf and Crudup, Ms Mallette, Messrs Willis and Rawls, Ms Cockrell, and Dr Alexander), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Ty Turner
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (Messrs Campbell, Herrock, Turner, and Zheng and Drs Deer, Amaral, and Lamarca), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Kathy Cockrell
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics (Drs Ashraf and Crudup, Ms Mallette, Messrs Willis and Rawls, Ms Cockrell, and Dr Alexander), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Baoying Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (Messrs Campbell, Herrock, Turner, and Zheng and Drs Deer, Amaral, and Lamarca), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Evangeline Deer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (Messrs Campbell, Herrock, Turner, and Zheng and Drs Deer, Amaral, and Lamarca), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Lorena Amaral
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (Messrs Campbell, Herrock, Turner, and Zheng and Drs Deer, Amaral, and Lamarca), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Barbara T Alexander
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics (Drs Ashraf and Crudup, Ms Mallette, Messrs Willis and Rawls, Ms Cockrell, and Dr Alexander), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Babbette Lamarca
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Drs Solise and Lamarca), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (Messrs Campbell, Herrock, Turner, and Zheng and Drs Deer, Amaral, and Lamarca), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS.
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12
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Mallette JH, Crudup BF, Alexander BT. Growth Restriction in Preeclampsia: Lessons from Animal Models. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 32:100647. [PMID: 36968132 PMCID: PMC10035651 DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2023.100647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Preeclampsia remains a major health concern for mother and child. Yet, treatment options remain limited to early delivery. Placental dysfunction in preeclampsia occurs in response to an increase in oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines with vasoactive and anti-angiogenic factors contributing to impaired maternal and fetal health. Moreover, recent studies indicate a potential role for epigenetic mediators in the pathophysiology of placental ischemia. Numerous animal models are utilized to explore the pathogenesis of preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction. This review provides a brief overview of recent progress in preclinical studies regarding potential therapeutic targets for the treatment and prevention of preeclampsia with an emphasis on fetal growth restriction and the fetal programming of increased cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan H. Mallette
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS USA
| | - Breland F. Crudup
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS USA
| | - Barbara T. Alexander
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS USA
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13
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Darsareh F, Ranjbar A, Farashah MV, Mehrnoush V, Shekari M, Jahromi MS. Application of machine learning to identify risk factors of birth asphyxia. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2023; 23:156. [PMID: 36890453 PMCID: PMC9993370 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-023-05486-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Developing a prediction model that incorporates several risk factors and accurately calculates the overall risk of birth asphyxia is necessary. The present study used a machine learning model to predict birth asphyxia. METHODS Women who gave birth at a tertiary Hospital in Bandar Abbas, Iran, were retrospectively evaluated from January 2020 to January 2022. Data were extracted from the Iranian Maternal and Neonatal Network, a valid national system, by trained recorders using electronic medical records. Demographic factors, obstetric factors, and prenatal factors were obtained from patient records. Machine learning was used to identify the risk factors of birth asphyxia. Eight machine learning models were used in the study. To evaluate the diagnostic performance of each model, six metrics, including area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, accuracy, precision, sensitivity, specificity, and F1 score were measured in the test set. RESULTS Of 8888 deliveries, we identified 380 women with a recorded birth asphyxia, giving a frequency of 4.3%. Random Forest Classification was found to be the best model to predict birth asphyxia with an accuracy of 0.99. The analysis of the importance of the variables showed that maternal chronic hypertension, maternal anemia, diabetes, drug addiction, gestational age, newborn weight, newborn sex, preeclampsia, placenta abruption, parity, intrauterine growth retardation, meconium amniotic fluid, mal-presentation, and delivery method were considered to be the weighted factors. CONCLUSION Birth asphyxia can be predicted using a machine learning model. Random Forest Classification was found to be an accurate algorithm to predict birth asphyxia. More research should be done to analyze appropriate variables and prepare big data to determine the best model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Darsareh
- Mother and Child Welfare Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Amene Ranjbar
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | | | - Vahid Mehrnoush
- Mother and Child Welfare Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
| | - Mitra Shekari
- Mother and Child Welfare Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
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14
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Fetal growth restriction followed by early catch-up growth impairs pancreatic islet morphology in male rats. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2732. [PMID: 36792668 PMCID: PMC9932152 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28584-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Fetal growth restriction (FGR), followed by postnatal early catch-up growth, is associated with an increased risk of metabolic dysfunction, including type 2 diabetes in humans. This study aims to determine the effects of FGR and early catch-up growth after birth on the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes, with particular attention to glucose tolerance, pancreatic islet morphology, and fibrosis, and to elucidate its mechanism using proteomics analysis. The FGR rat model was made by inducing mild intrauterine hypoperfusion using ameroid constrictors (ACs). On day 17 of pregnancy, ACs were affixed to the uterine and ovarian arteries bilaterally, causing a 20.9% reduction in birth weight compared to sham pups. On postnatal day 4 (P4), the pups were assigned to either the good nutrition (GN) groups with 5 pups per dam to ensure postnatal catch-up growth or poor nutrition groups with 15 pups per dam to maintain lower body weight. After weaning, all pups were fed regular chow food ad libitum (P21). Rats in both FGR groups developed glucose intolerance; however, male rats in the FGR good nutrition (FGR-GN) group also developed hypertriglyceridemia and dysmorphic pancreatic islets with fibrosis. A comprehensive and functional analysis of proteins expressed in the pancreas showed that FGR, followed by early catch-up growth, severely aggravated cell adhesion-related protein expression in male offspring. Thus, FGR and early catch-up growth caused pancreatic islet morphological abnormalities and fibrosis associated with the disturbance of cell adhesion-related protein expressions. These changes likely induce glucose intolerance and dyslipidemia in male rats.
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15
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The renin-angiotensin system modulates endotoxic postconditioning of exacerbated renal vasoconstriction in preeclamptic offspring. Sci Rep 2023; 13:881. [PMID: 36650223 PMCID: PMC9845233 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27923-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently reported exacerbated endotoxic signs of neuroinflammation and autonomic defects in offspring of preeclamptic (PE) dams. Here, we investigated whether PE programming similarly modifies hemodynamic and renal vasoconstrictor responsiveness to endotoxemia in PE offspring and whether this interaction is modulated by gestational angiotensin 1-7 (Ang1-7). Preeclampsia was induced by gestational treatment with L-NAME. Adult offspring was challenged with lipopolysaccharides (LPS, 5 mg/kg) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) and renal vasoconstrictions were assessed 4 h later. Male, but not female, offspring of PE rats exhibited SBP elevations that were blunted by LPS. Renal vasoconstrictions induced by angiotensin II (Ang II), but not phenylephrine, were intensified in perfused kidneys of either sex. LPS blunted the heightened Ang II responses in male, but not female, kidneys. While renal expressions of AT1-receptors and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) were increased in PE offspring of both sexes, ACE2 was upregulated in female offspring only. These molecular effects were diminished by LPS in male offspring. Gestational Ang1-7 caused sex-unrelated attenuation of phenylephrine vasoconstrictions and preferentially downregulated Ang II responses and AT1-receptor and nuclear factor-kB (NFkB) expressions in females. Together, endotoxemia and Ang1-7 offset in sexually-related manners imbalances in renal vasoconstriction and AT1/ACE/ACE2 signaling in PE offspring.
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16
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Seiter DP, Nguyen SM, Morgan TK, Mao L, Dudley DM, O’connor DH, Murphy ME, Ludwig KD, Chen R, Dhyani A, Zhu A, Schotzko ML, Brunner KG, Shah DM, Johnson KM, Golos TG, Wieben O. Ferumoxytol dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging identifies altered placental cotyledon perfusion in rhesus macaques†. Biol Reprod 2022; 107:1517-1527. [PMID: 36018823 PMCID: PMC9752971 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioac168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of placental dysfunction in early pregnancy with noninvasive imaging could be a valuable tool for assessing maternal and fetal risk. Dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be a powerful tool for interrogating placenta health. After inoculation with Zika virus or sham inoculation at gestation age (GA) 45 or 55 days, animals were imaged up to three times at GA65, GA100, and GA145. DCE MRI images were acquired at all imaging sessions using ferumoxytol, an iron nanoparticle-based contrast agent, and analyzed for placental intervillous blood flow, number of perfusion domains, and perfusion domain volume. Cesarean section was performed at GA155, and the placenta was photographed and dissected for histopathology. Photographs were used to align cotyledons with estimated perfusion domains from MRI, allowing comparison of estimated cotyledon volume to pathology. Monkeys were separated into high and low pathology groups based on the average number of pathologies present in the placenta. Perfusion domain flow, volume, and number increased through gestation, and total blood flow increased with gestation for both low pathology and high pathology groups. A statistically significant decrease in perfusion domain volume associated with pathology was detected at all gestational ages. Individual perfusion domain flow comparisons demonstrated a statistically significant decrease with pathology at GA100 and GA145, but not GA65. Since ferumoxytol is currently used to treat anemia during human pregnancy and as an off-label MRI contrast agent, future transition of this work to human pregnancy may be possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Seiter
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sydney M Nguyen
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Terry K Morgan
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Lu Mao
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Dawn M Dudley
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - David H O’connor
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Megan E Murphy
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kai D Ludwig
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ruiming Chen
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Archana Dhyani
- Department of Computer Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ante Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Michele L Schotzko
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kevin G Brunner
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Dinesh M Shah
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kevin M Johnson
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Thaddeus G Golos
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Oliver Wieben
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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17
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South AM, Allen NB. Antenatal Programming of Hypertension: Paradigms, Paradoxes, and How We Move Forward. Curr Hypertens Rep 2022; 24:655-667. [PMID: 36227517 PMCID: PMC9712278 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-022-01227-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Synthesize the clinical, epidemiological, and preclinical evidence for antenatal programming of hypertension and critically appraise paradigms and paradoxes to improve translation. RECENT FINDINGS Clinical and epidemiological studies persistently demonstrate that antenatal factors contribute to programmed hypertension under the developmental origins of health and disease framework, including lower birth weight, preterm birth, and fetal growth restriction. Preclinical mechanisms include preeclampsia, maternal diabetes, maternal undernutrition, and antenatal corticosteroid exposure. However, clinical and epidemiological studies to date have largely failed to adequately identify, discuss, and mitigate many sources and types of bias in part due to heterogeneous study designs and incomplete adherence to scientific rigor. These limitations have led to incomplete and biased paradigms as well as persistent paradoxes that have significantly limited translation into clinical and population health interventions. Improved understanding of these paradigms and paradoxes will allow us to substantially move the field forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M South
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nephrology, Brenner Children's, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, One Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
- Department of Surgery-Hypertension and Vascular Research, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
- Cardiovascular Sciences Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
| | - Norrina B Allen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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Amruta N, Kandikattu HK, Intapad S. Cardiovascular Dysfunction in Intrauterine Growth Restriction. Curr Hypertens Rep 2022; 24:693-708. [PMID: 36322299 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-022-01228-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We highlight important new findings on cardiovascular dysfunction in intrauterine growth restriction. RECENT FINDINGS Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a multifactorial condition which negatively impacts neonatal growth during pregnancy and is associated with health problems during the lifespan. It affects 5-15% of all pregnancies in the USA and Europe with varying percentages in developing countries. Epidemiological studies have reported that IUGR is associated with the pathogenesis of hypertension, activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), disruption in placental-mTORC and TGFβ signaling cascades, and endothelial dysfunction in IUGR fetuses, children, adolescents, and adults resulting in the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Experimental studies are needed to investigate therapeutic measures to treat increased blood pressure (BP) and long-term CVD problems in people affected by IUGR. We outline the mechanisms mediating fetal programming of hypertension in developing CVD. We have reviewed findings from different experimental models focusing on recent studies that demonstrate CVD in IUGR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayanappa Amruta
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, #8683, New Orleans, LA, 70112-2699, USA
| | - Hemanth Kumar Kandikattu
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary Diseases, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Suttira Intapad
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, #8683, New Orleans, LA, 70112-2699, USA.
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Ashraf UM, Hall DL, Campbell N, Waller JP, Rawls AZ, Solise D, Cockrell K, Bidwell GL, Romero DG, Ojeda NB, LaMarca B, Alexander BT. Inhibition of the AT 1R agonistic autoantibody in a rat model of preeclampsia improves fetal growth in late gestation. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2022; 323:R670-R681. [PMID: 36121142 PMCID: PMC9602704 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00122.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Placenta ischemia, the initiating event in preeclampsia (PE), is associated with fetal growth restriction. Inhibition of the agonistic autoantibody against the angiotensin type 1 receptor AT1-AA, using an epitope-binding inhibitory peptide ('n7AAc') attenuates increased blood pressure at gestational day (G)19 in the clinically relevant reduced uterine perfusion pressure (RUPP) model of PE. Thus we tested the hypothesis that maternal administration of 'n7AAc' does not transfer to the fetus, improves uterine blood flow and fetal growth, and attenuates elevated placental expression of miRNAs implicated in PE and FGR. Sham or RUPP surgery was performed at G14 with vehicle or 'n7AAc' (144 µg/day) administered via an osmotic pump from G14 to G20. Maternal plasma levels of the peptide on G20 were 16.28 ± 4.4 nM, and fetal plasma levels were significantly lower at 1.15 ± 1.7 nM (P = 0.0007). The uterine artery resistance index was significantly elevated in RUPP (P < 0.0001) but was not increased in 'n7AAc'-RUPP or 'n7AAc'-Sham versus Sham. A significant reduction in fetal weight at G20 in RUPP (P = 0.003) was not observed in 'n7AAc'-RUPP. Yet, percent survival was reduced in RUPP (P = 0.0007) and 'n7AAc'-RUPP (P < 0.0002). Correlation analysis indicated the reduction in percent survival during gestation was specific to the RUPP (r = 0.5342, P = 0.043) and independent of 'n7AAc'. Placental miR-155 (P = 0.0091) and miR-181a (P = 0.0384) expression was upregulated in RUPP at G20 but was not elevated in 'n7AAc'-RUPP. Collectively, our results suggest that maternal administration of 'n7AAc' does not alter fetal growth in the RUPP implicating its potential as a therapeutic for the treatment of PE.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The seven amino acid inhibitory peptide to the AT1-AA ('n7AAc') has limited transfer to the fetus at gestational day 20, improves uterine blood flow and fetal growth in the reduced uterine perfusion pressure model of preeclampsia (PE), and does not impair fetal survival during gestation in sham-operated or placental ischemic rats. Collectively, these findings suggest that maternal administration of 'n7AAc' as an effective strategy for the treatment of PE is associated with improved outcomes in the fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman M Ashraf
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | | | - Nathan Campbell
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Jamarius P Waller
- Department of Neurology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Adam Z Rawls
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Dylan Solise
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Kathy Cockrell
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Gene L Bidwell
- Department of Neurology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Damian G Romero
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Norma B Ojeda
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Babbette LaMarca
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Barbara T Alexander
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
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20
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Voggel J, Fink G, Zelck M, Wohlfarth M, Post JM, Bindila L, Rauh M, Amann K, Alejandre Alcázar MA, Dötsch J, Nüsken KD, Nüsken E. Elevated n-3/n-6 PUFA ratio in early life diet reverses adverse intrauterine kidney programming in female rats. J Lipid Res 2022; 63:100283. [PMID: 36152882 PMCID: PMC9619183 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2022.100283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) predisposes to chronic kidney disease via activation of proinflammatory pathways, and omega-3 PUFAs (n-3 PUFAs) have anti-inflammatory properties. In female rats, we investigated 1) how an elevated dietary n-3/n-6 PUFA ratio (1:1) during postnatal kidney development modifies kidney phospholipid (PL) and arachidonic acid (AA) metabolite content and 2) whether the diet counteracts adverse molecular protein signatures expected in IUGR kidneys. IUGR was induced by bilateral uterine vessel ligation or intrauterine stress through sham operation 3.5 days before term. Control (C) offspring were born after uncompromised pregnancy. On postnatal (P) days P2–P39, rats were fed control (n-3/n-6 PUFA ratio 1:20) or n-3 PUFA intervention diet (N3PUFA; ratio 1:1). Plasma parameters (P33), kidney cortex lipidomics and proteomics, as well as histology (P39) were studied. We found that the intervention diet tripled PL-DHA content (PC 40:6; P < 0.01) and lowered both PL-AA content (PC 38:4 and lyso-phosphatidylcholine 20:4; P < 0.05) and AA metabolites (HETEs, dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids, and epoxyeicosatrienoic acids) to 25% in all offspring groups. After ligation, our network analysis of differentially expressed proteins identified an adverse molecular signature indicating inflammation and hypercoagulability. N3PUFA diet reversed 61 protein alterations (P < 0.05), thus mitigating adverse IUGR signatures. In conclusion, an elevated n-3/n-6 PUFA ratio in early diet strongly reduces proinflammatory PLs and mediators while increasing DHA-containing PLs regardless of prior intrauterine conditions. Counteracting a proinflammatory hypercoagulable protein signature in young adult IUGR individuals through early diet intervention may be a feasible strategy to prevent developmentally programmed kidney damage in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Voggel
- Clinic and Polyclinic for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gregor Fink
- Clinic and Polyclinic for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Germany
| | - Magdalena Zelck
- Clinic and Polyclinic for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Germany
| | - Maria Wohlfarth
- Clinic and Polyclinic for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Germany
| | - Julia M Post
- Clinical Lipidomics Unit, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Laura Bindila
- Clinical Lipidomics Unit, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Manfred Rauh
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Amann
- Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Miguel A Alejandre Alcázar
- Clinic and Polyclinic for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Institute for Lung Health, University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Gießen, Germany
| | - Jörg Dötsch
- Clinic and Polyclinic for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Germany
| | - Kai-Dietrich Nüsken
- Clinic and Polyclinic for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Germany
| | - Eva Nüsken
- Clinic and Polyclinic for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Germany.
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Hassanzadeh-Taheri M, Mohammadifard M, Erfanian Z, Hosseini M. The maternal reduced uteroplacental perfusion model of preeclampsia induces sexually dimorphic metabolic responses in rat offspring. Biol Sex Differ 2022; 13:48. [PMID: 36109770 PMCID: PMC9479437 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-022-00458-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Offspring born to preeclamptic mothers are prone to obesity, diabetes and hypertension in later life, but still, studies investigating the underlying mechanism are limited. Here, we aimed to investigate the impact of the reduced uteroplacental perfusion (RUPP) rat preeclampsia model on offspring metabolic outcomes. METHODS Timed pregnant Wistar rats underwent RUPP or sham surgeries on day 14 of gestation. Glucometabolic parameters were evaluated on postnatal days (PND), 14 (childhood), and 60 (young adult). In addition, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), immunohistochemical staining for insulin in pancreatic islets, arterial blood pressure and 24-h urine protein (24hUP) excretion were performed at PND60. RESULTS Male, but not female, young adult rats (PND60) of RUPP dams exhibited an impaired IPGTT, decreased circulatory insulin and weakened pancreatic insulin immunoreactivity. Compared to the male offspring of the sham group, the body mass of male RUPP offspring significantly caught up after PND42, but it was not sex-specific. RUPP pups also exhibited upregulations in glucagon (only males) and ghrelin (both sexes with a more significant increase in males) during PND14-PND60. However, in sham offspring (both sexes), glucagon levels were downregulated and ghrelin levels unchanged during PND14-PND60. The blood pressure, HOMA-IR and 24hUP values did not alter in RUPP pups. CONCLUSIONS The overall results suggest that maternal RUPP has negative and sex-specific impacts on insulin, glucagon and ghrelin regulations in offspring and that, as young adults, male RUPP rats may be more prone to develop obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadmehdi Hassanzadeh-Taheri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Anatomical Sciences, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mahtab Mohammadifard
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Zahra Erfanian
- Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mehran Hosseini
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Anatomical Sciences, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
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Elevated Vascular Sympathetic Neurotransmission and Remodelling Is a Common Feature in a Rat Model of Foetal Programming of Hypertension and SHR. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081902. [PMID: 36009448 PMCID: PMC9405620 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is of unknown aetiology, with sympathetic nervous system hyperactivation being one of the possible contributors. Hypertension may have a developmental origin, owing to the exposure to adverse factors during the intrauterine period. Our hypothesis is that sympathetic hyperinnervation may be implicated in hypertension of developmental origins, being this is a common feature with essential hypertension. Two-animal models were used: spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR-model of essential hypertension) and offspring from dams exposed to undernutrition (MUN-model of developmental hypertension), with their respective controls. In adult males, we assessed systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR), sympathetic nerve function (3H-tritium release), sympathetic innervation (immunohistochemistry) and vascular remodelling (histology). MUN showed higher SBP/DBP, but not HR, while SHR exhibited higher SBP/DBP/HR. Regarding the mesenteric arteries, MUN and SHR showed reduced lumen, increased media and adventitial thickness and increased wall/lumen and connective tissue compared to respective controls. Regarding sympathetic nerve activation, MUN and SHR showed higher tritium release compared to controls. Total tritium tissue/tyrosine hydroxylase detection was higher in SHR and MUN adventitia arteries compared to respective controls. In conclusion, sympathetic hyperinnervation may be one of the contributors to vascular remodelling and hypertension in rats exposed to undernutrition during intrauterine life, which is a common feature with spontaneous hypertension.
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High Sucrose Ingestion during a Critical Period of Vessel Development Promotes the Synthetic Phenotype of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Modifies Vascular Contractility Leading to Hypertension in Adult Rats. Int J Hypertens 2022; 2022:2298329. [PMID: 35774422 PMCID: PMC9239805 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2298329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiometabolic diseases, including hypertension, may result from exposure to high sugar diets during critical periods of development. Here, we studied the effect of sucrose ingestion during a critical period (CP) between postnatal days 12 and 28 of the rat on blood pressure, aortic histology, vascular smooth muscle phenotype, expression of metalloproteinases 2 and 9, and vascular contractility in adult rats and compared it with those of adult rats that received sucrose for 6 months and developed metabolic syndrome (MS). Blood pressure increased to a similar level in CP and MS rats. The diameter of lumen, media, and adventitia of aortas from CP rats was decreased. Muscle fibers were discontinuous. There was a decrease in the expression of alpha-actin in CP and MS rat aortas, suggesting a change to the secretory phenotype in vascular smooth muscle. Metalloproteinases 2 and 9 were decreased in CP and MS rats, suggesting that phenotype remains in an altered steady stationary state with little interchange of the vessel matrix. Aortic contraction to norepinephrine did not change, but aortic relaxation was diminished in CP and MS aortas. In conclusion, high sugar diets during the CP increase predisposition to hypertension in adults.
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Lawrence DJ, Bayer CL. Photoacoustic imaging provides an in vivo assessment of the preeclamptic placenta remodeling and function in response to therapy. Placenta 2022; 126:46-53. [PMID: 35764022 PMCID: PMC10236486 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2022.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is a lack of effective therapeutic interventions for preeclampsia. A central factor in the etiology of the disease is the development of placental hypoxia due to abnormal vascular remodeling. However, methods to assess the impact of potential therapies on placental growth and remodeling are currently lacking. Here, we develop and validate ultrasound-guided photoacoustic imaging methods to monitor the placental response to therapeutic intervention. Establishing non-invasive tools to image placental function opens up previously unachievable understandings of placental therapeutic response. METHODS Studies were performed in the reduced uterine perfusion pressure (RUPP) rat model of preeclampsia. Preclinical research has identified tempol, a superoxide dismutase mimetic, and the phosphodiesterase inhibitor sildenafil as potential therapeutics for preeclampsia, as both improve in vivo maternal outcomes. PA images of the placental environment were acquired in RUPP rats receiving tempol (n = 8) or sildenafil (n = 8) to assess the longitudinal effects of treatment on placental oxygenation and vascular remodeling. Imaging measurements were validated with ex vivo histological analysis. RESULTS Spectral photoacoustic imaging non-invasively measured placental hypoxia and impaired vascular growth two days after the RUPP procedure was implemented. Sildenafil significantly improved (p < 0.05) placental oxygenation and promoted vascular remodeling in RUPP animals, while RUPP animals treated with tempol had a diminished placental therapeutic response. DISCUSSION We demonstrate that photoacoustic imaging provides in vivo measures of placental oxygenation and vascular remodeling, a previously unobtainable assessment of preeclamptic therapeutic response. These imaging tools have tremendous potential to accelerate the search for effective therapies for preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan J Lawrence
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, 500 Lindy Boggs Center, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA
| | - Carolyn L Bayer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, 500 Lindy Boggs Center, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA.
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25
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Aberrant inflammation in rat pregnancy leads to cardiometabolic alterations in their offspring and intrauterine growth restriction in the F2 generation. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2022; 13:706-718. [PMID: 35593438 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174422000265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Children of women with pre-eclampsia have increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) and metabolic disease in adult life. Furthermore, the risk of pregnancy complications is higher in daughters born to women affected by pre-eclampsia than in daughters born after uncomplicated pregnancies. While aberrant inflammation contributes to the pathophysiology of pregnancy complications, including pre-eclampsia, the contribution of maternal inflammation to subsequent risk of CV and metabolic disease as well as pregnancy complications in the offspring remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that 24-week-old female rats (F1) born to dams (F0) exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) during pregnancy (to induce inflammation) exhibited mild systolic dysfunction, increased cardiac growth-related gene expression, altered glucose tolerance, and coagulopathy; whereas male F1 offspring exhibited altered glucose tolerance and increased visceral fat accumulation compared with F1 sex-matched offspring born to saline-treated dams. Both male and female F1 offspring born to LPS-treated dams had evidence of anemia. Fetuses (F2) from F1 females born to LPS-treated dams were growth restricted, and this reduction in fetal growth was associated with increased CD68 positivity (indicative of macrophage presence) and decreased expression of glucose transporter-1 in their utero-placental units. These results indicate that abnormal maternal inflammation can contribute to increased risk of CV and metabolic disease in the offspring, and that the effects of inflammation may cross generations. Our findings provide evidence in support of early screening for CV and metabolic disease, as well as pregnancy complications in offspring affected by pre-eclampsia or other pregnancy complications associated with aberrant inflammation.
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Alawadhi M, Mouihate A, Kilarkaje N, Al-Bader M. Progesterone partially recovers placental glucose transporters in dexamethasone-induced intrauterine growth restriction. Reprod Biomed Online 2022; 44:595-607. [PMID: 35232674 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2021.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTION How does progesterone improve fetal outcome and change the expression of placental glucose transporters (GLUT) in dexamethasone-induced intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR)? DESIGN A total of 64 rats were divided randomly into four different treatment groups based on daily i.p. injections of either saline or dexamethasone in the presence or absence of progesterone. Injections started on the 15th day of gestation (15dg) and lasted until the day of sacrifice at 19dg or 21dg. Maternal plasma progesterone concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The gene and protein expression of placental GLUT1 and GLUT3 were evaluated in the placental labyrinth and basal zones by real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting, respectively. The localization of GLUT1 and GLUT3 was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Dexamethasone induced significant decreases in maternal serum progesterone concentrations (P = 0.029) and placental (P < 0.001) and fetal body (P = 0.009) weights. Dexamethasone also reduced the expression of GLUT1 in the labyrinth zone (P = 0.028) and GLUT3 in both the labyrinth (P = 0.002) and basal zones (P = 0.026). Coadministration of dexamethasone and progesterone prevented the reduction in fetal body weight, placental weight and placental GLUT expression compared with that seen in dexamethasone-treated groups. CONCLUSION These results suggest that progesterone prevents the significant reduction in fetal and placental weights in dexamethasone-induced IUGR, possibly through improving the expression of placental GLUT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Alawadhi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University Safat PO Box 13060, Kuwait
| | - Abdeslam Mouihate
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University Safat PO Box 13060, Kuwait
| | - Narayana Kilarkaje
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University Safat PO Box 13060, Kuwait
| | - Maie Al-Bader
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University Safat PO Box 13060, Kuwait.
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27
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Consequences of hyperandrogenemia during pregnancy in female offspring: attenuated response to angiotensin II. J Hypertens 2022; 40:712-722. [PMID: 34980865 PMCID: PMC8897268 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by reproductive and metabolic dysfunction, and elevated blood pressure (BP). The cardiometabolic consequences of maternal hyperandrogenemia on offspring, either as adults or with aging, have not been well studied. We previously found that male offspring of hyperandrogenemic female (HAF) rats, a model of PCOS, are normotensive but have an exaggerated pressor response to angiotensin (Ang) II. METHOD In this study, the hypothesis was tested that adult and aging female offspring of HAF rats develop a metabolic and hypertensive phenotype. Control and HAF rats were implanted prepubertally with placebo or dihydrotestosterone pellets, which continued throughout pregnancy and lactation. RESULTS Female offspring of HAF dams had lower birth weight than female control offspring. Although female HAF offspring (aged 16-24 weeks) had no differences in intrarenal Ang II, plasma lipids or proteinuria, they did have lower intrarenal Ang (1-7) and lower nitrate/nitrite excretion than controls. Adult HAF offspring had similar baseline BP as controls, but had an attenuated pressor response to Ang II. With aging (16-20 months), female HAF offspring remained normotensive with an attenuated pressor response to Ang II and high salt diet but more proteinuria and higher intrarenal Ang(1-7) than controls. CONCLUSION Taken together, these data suggest that female HAF offspring are protected from developing hypertension, but may be at risk for renal injury with aging. Future studies are necessary to determine whether adult and postmenopausal offspring of PCOS women are at increased risk for cardiovascular dysfunction.Graphical abstract:http://links.lww.com/HJH/B820.
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He L, Zhang Y, Hou C, Zhu Z, He Q, Huang Q, Ji S. Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREM) like transcript-1 (TLT-1) reveals platelet activation in preeclampsia. Platelets 2022; 33:1132-1138. [PMID: 35348422 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2022.2046723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREM) like transcript-1 (TLT-1) is a membrane protein receptor found in α-granules of megakaryocytes and platelets. Upon platelet activation TLT-1 is rapidly relocated to the surface of platelets. In plasma, a soluble form of TLT-1 (sTLT-1) is present. Plasma levels of sTLT-1 are significantly elevated in thrombotic diseases. In the present study, we investigated to whether TLT-1 reflects platelet activation in pregnant women with preeclampsia. We studied 30 preeclamptic patients who were matched with 30 normotensive pregnant women and 30 non-pregnant controls. Basal TLT-1, P-selectin, and CD63 expressions on platelets were analyzed with the use of flow-cytometry (FCM). Platelet reactivity was induced by thrombin receptor activation peptide and determined by FCM. Plasma concentrations of sTLT-1 and soluble P-selectin (sP-selectin) were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results show that basal platelet expression of TLT-1, P-selectin and CD63 were increased in women with preeclampsia (PE) compared with normotensive pregnant women (NP). Platelets from PE women and NP women were more responsive compared to from nonpregnant women controls (NC), and which was demonstrated by increased expression of TLT-1, P-selectin, and CD63 upon stimulation in vitro. Plasma concentration of sTLT-1 was greater in PE women compared to NP women and NC women. Plasma sP-selectin level was higher in pregnant women than in nonpregnant women, but there were no significant differences between PE and NP women. In summary, our results revealed that platelet activation is prominent in preeclampsia, TLT-1 reflects platelet activation and may be a useful indicator for preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyan He
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Nhc Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yawen Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chunqi Hou
- Hemodialysis Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ziling Zhu
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Nhc Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qi He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qin Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shundong Ji
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Nhc Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Bakrania BA, George EM, Granger JP. Animal models of preeclampsia: investigating pathophysiology and therapeutic targets. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2022; 226:S973-S987. [PMID: 33722383 PMCID: PMC8141071 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Animal models have been critical in investigating the pathogenesis, mediators, and even therapeutic options for a number of diseases, including preeclampsia. Preeclampsia is the leading cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality worldwide. The placenta is thought to play a central role in the pathogenesis of this disease because it releases antiangiogenic and proinflammatory factors into the maternal circulation, resulting in the maternal syndrome. Despite the deleterious effects preeclampsia has been shown to have on the mother and baby during pregnancy and postpartum, there is still no effective treatment for this disease. Although clinical studies in patients are crucial to identify the involvement of pathogenic factors in preeclampsia, there are obvious limitations that prevent detailed investigation of the quantitative importance of time-dependent mechanisms involved in this syndrome. Animal models allow investigators to perform proof-of-concept studies and examine whether certain factors found in women with preeclampsia mediate hypertension and other manifestations of this disease. In this brief review, we summarize some of the more widely studied models used to investigate pathophysiological mechanisms that are thought to be involved in preeclampsia. These include models of placental ischemia, angiogenic imbalance, and maternal immune activation. Infusion of preeclampsia-related factors into animals has been widely studied to understand the specific mediators of this disease. These models have been included, in addition to a number of genetic models involved in overexpression of the renin-angiotensin system, complement activation, and trophoblast differentiation. Together, these models cover multiple mechanisms of preeclampsia from trophoblast dysfunction and impaired placental vascularization to the excess circulating placental factors and clinical manifestation of this disease. Most animal studies have been performed in rats and mice; however, we have also incorporated nonhuman primate models in this review. Preclinical animal models not only have been instrumental in understanding the pathophysiology of preeclampsia but also continue to be important tools in the search for novel therapeutic options for the treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavisha A Bakrania
- Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Eric M George
- Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Joey P Granger
- Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS.
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McClements L, Richards C, Patel N, Chen H, Sesperez K, Bubb KJ, Karlstaedt A, Aksentijevic D. Impact of reduced uterine perfusion pressure model of preeclampsia on metabolism of placenta, maternal and fetal hearts. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1111. [PMID: 35064159 PMCID: PMC8782944 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05120-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a cardiovascular pregnancy complication characterised by new onset hypertension and organ damage or intrauterine growth restriction. It is one of the leading causes of maternal and fetal mortality in pregnancy globally. Short of pre-term delivery of the fetus and placenta, treatment options are limited. Consequently, preeclampsia leads to increased cardiovascular disease risk in both mothers and offspring later in life. Here we aim to examine the impact of the reduced uterine perfusion pressure (RUPP) rat model of preeclampsia on the maternal cardiovascular system, placental and fetal heart metabolism. The surgical RUPP model was induced in pregnant rats by applying silver clips around the aorta and uterine arteries on gestational day 14, resulting in ~ 40% uterine blood flow reduction. The experiment was terminated on gestational day 19 and metabolomic profile of placentae, maternal and fetal hearts analysed using high-resolution 1H NMR spectroscopy. Impairment of uterine perfusion in RUPP rats caused placental and cardiac hypoxia and a series of metabolic adaptations: altered energetics, carbohydrate, lipid and amino acid metabolism of placentae and maternal hearts. Comparatively, the fetal metabolic phenotype was mildly affected. Nevertheless, long-term effects of these changes in both mothers and the offspring should be investigated further in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lana McClements
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Claire Richards
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nikayla Patel
- Centre for Biochemical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Hao Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kimberly Sesperez
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kristen J Bubb
- Biomedical Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anja Karlstaedt
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA, 127 San Vincente Blvd, 90048
| | - Dunja Aksentijevic
- Centre for Biochemical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.
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31
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Doan TNA, Akison LK, Bianco-Miotto T. Epigenetic Mechanisms Responsible for the Transgenerational Inheritance of Intrauterine Growth Restriction Phenotypes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:838737. [PMID: 35432208 PMCID: PMC9008301 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.838737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A poorly functioning placenta results in impaired exchanges of oxygen, nutrition, wastes and hormones between the mother and her fetus. This can lead to restriction of fetal growth. These growth restricted babies are at increased risk of developing chronic diseases, such as type-2 diabetes, hypertension, and kidney disease, later in life. Animal studies have shown that growth restricted phenotypes are sex-dependent and can be transmitted to subsequent generations through both the paternal and maternal lineages. Altered epigenetic mechanisms, specifically changes in DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs that regulate expression of genes that are important for fetal development have been shown to be associated with the transmission pattern of growth restricted phenotypes. This review will discuss the subsequent health outcomes in the offspring after growth restriction and the transmission patterns of these diseases. Evidence of altered epigenetic mechanisms in association with fetal growth restriction will also be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thu Ngoc Anh Doan
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Lisa K. Akison
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Tina Bianco-Miotto
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- *Correspondence: Tina Bianco-Miotto,
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Epigenetic processes during preeclampsia and effects on fetal development and chronic health. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:2307-2327. [PMID: 34643675 DOI: 10.1042/cs20190070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE), the leading cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality, is associated with poor fetal growth, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and low birth weight (LBW). Offspring of women who had PE are at increased risk for cardiovascular (CV) disease later in life. However, the exact etiology of PE is unknown. Moreover, there are no effective interventions to treat PE or alleviate IUGR and the developmental origins of chronic disease in the offspring. The placenta is critical to fetal growth and development. Epigenetic regulatory processes such as histone modifications, microRNAs and DNA methylation play an important role in placental development including contributions to the regulation of trophoblast invasion and remodeling of the spiral arteries. Epigenetic processes that lead to changes in placental gene expression in PE mediate downstream effects that contribute to the development of placenta dysfunction, a critical mediator in the onset of PE, impaired fetal growth and IUGR. Therefore, this review will focus on epigenetic processes that contribute to the pathogenesis of PE and IUGR. Understanding the epigenetic mechanisms that contribute to normal placental development and the initiating events in PE may lead to novel therapeutic targets in PE that improve fetal growth and mitigate increased CV risk in the offspring.
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Bhunu B, Riccio I, Intapad S. Insights into the Mechanisms of Fetal Growth Restriction-Induced Programming of Hypertension. Integr Blood Press Control 2021; 14:141-152. [PMID: 34675650 PMCID: PMC8517636 DOI: 10.2147/ibpc.s312868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, both clinical and animal studies have shown that fetal growth restriction (FGR), caused by exposure to adverse uterine environments, is a risk factor for hypertension as well as for a variety of adult diseases. This observation has shaped and informed the now widely accepted theory of developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD). There is a plethora of evidence supporting the association of FGR with increased risk of adult hypertension; however, the underlying mechanisms responsible for this correlation remain unclear. This review aims to explain the current advances in the field of fetal programming of hypertension and a brief narration of the underlying mechanisms that may link FGR to increased risk of adult hypertension. We explain the theory of DOHaD and then provide evidence from both clinical and basic science research which support the theory of fetal programming of adult hypertension. In addition, we have explored the underlying mechanisms that may link FGR to an increased risk of adult hypertension. These mechanisms include epigenetic changes, metabolic disorders, vascular dysfunction, neurohormonal impairment, and alterations in renal physiology and function. We further describe sex differences seen in the developmental origins of hypertension and provide insights into the opportunities and challenges present in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Bhunu
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Isabel Riccio
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Suttira Intapad
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
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Kakadia J, Biggar K, Jain B, Chen AW, Nygard K, Li C, Nathanielsz PW, Jansson T, Gupta MB. Mechanisms linking hypoxia to phosphorylation of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 in baboon fetuses with intrauterine growth restriction and in cell culture. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21788. [PMID: 34425031 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100397r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia increases fetal hepatic insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) phosphorylation mediated by mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibition. Whether maternal nutrient restriction (MNR) causes fetal hypoxia remains unclear. We used fetal liver from a baboon (Papio sp.) model of intrauterine growth restriction due to MNR (70% global diet of Control) and liver hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells as a model for human fetal hepatocytes and tested the hypothesis that mTOR-mediated IGFBP-1 hyperphosphorylation in response to hypoxia requires hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and regulated in development and DNA-damage responses-1 (REDD-1) signaling. Western blotting (n = 6) and immunohistochemistry (n = 3) using fetal liver indicated greater expression of HIF-1α, REDD-1 as well as erythropoietin and its receptor, and vascular endothelial growth factor at GD120 (GD185 term) in MNR versus Control. Moreover, treatment of HepG2 cells with hypoxia (1% pO2 ) (n = 3) induced REDD-1, inhibited mTOR complex-1 (mTORC1) activity and increased IGFBP-1 secretion/phosphorylation (Ser101/Ser119/Ser169). HIF-1α inhibition by echinomycin or small interfering RNA silencing prevented the hypoxia-mediated inhibition of mTORC1 and induction of IGFBP-1 secretion/phosphorylation. dimethyloxaloylglycine (DMOG) induced HIF-1α and also REDD-1 expression, inhibited mTORC1 and increased IGFBP-1 secretion/phosphorylation. Induction of HIF-1α (DMOG) and REDD-1 by Compound 3 inhibited mTORC1, increased IGFBP-1 secretion/ phosphorylation and protein kinase PKCα expression. Together, our data demonstrate that HIF-1α induction, increased REDD-1 expression and mTORC1 inhibition represent the mechanistic link between hypoxia and increased IGFBP-1 secretion/phosphorylation. We propose that maternal undernutrition limits fetal oxygen delivery, as demonstrated by increased fetal liver expression of hypoxia-responsive proteins in baboon MNR. These findings have important implications for our understanding of the pathophysiology of restricted fetal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenica Kakadia
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Kyle Biggar
- Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Bhawani Jain
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Allan W Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Karen Nygard
- Biotron Integrated Microscopy Facility, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Cun Li
- Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA.,Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Peter W Nathanielsz
- Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA.,Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Thomas Jansson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Madhulika B Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Children's Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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Zuchowski Y, Dalmasso C, Shawky NM, Reckelhoff JF. Cardiometabolic consequences of maternal hyperandrogenemia in male offspring. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14941. [PMID: 34288567 PMCID: PMC8290632 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in women is characterized by hyperandrogenemia, obesity, and oligo- or anovulation. In addition, women with PCOS are often obese, with insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, and elevated blood pressure. The cardiometabolic consequences for the male offspring of maternal hyperandrogenemia are unclear. The present studies tested the hypothesis that male offspring of a rat model of PCOS would develop cardiometabolic disease as adults. Female Sprague-Dawley rats (hyperandrogenemic females (HAF)) were implanted with dihydrotestosterone or placebo pellets (controls) at 4 weeks of age, and were mated at 10-12 weeks and allowed to lactate their offspring after birth. Body weights in male HAF offspring were lower at birth than in controls until postnatal day 4, but body weights remained similar between male control and HAF offspring from 2 to 8 weeks of age. However, at 16 weeks of age, body weight was lower in HAF male offspring, but there were no differences in fat mass or lean mass factored for body weight in HAF males, compared to controls. Plasma total cholesterol and HDL and proteinuria were higher and nitrate/nitrite excretion was lower in male HAF offspring than in controls. Baseline blood pressure was similar between HAF male offspring and controls, but HAF offspring had an exaggerated pressor response to angiotensin II infusion. These data suggest that adult sons of PCOS mothers may be at increased risk of cardiometabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Zuchowski
- Department of Cell and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMSUSA
| | - Carolina Dalmasso
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional SciencesUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA
| | - Noha M. Shawky
- Department of Cell and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMSUSA
- Mississippi Center of Excellence in Perinatal ResearchUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMSUSA
| | - Jane F. Reckelhoff
- Department of Cell and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMSUSA
- Mississippi Center of Excellence in Perinatal ResearchUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMSUSA
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36
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Nguyen SM, Wiepz GJ, Schotzko M, Simmons HA, Mejia A, Ludwig KD, Zhu A, Brunner K, Hernando D, Reeder SB, Wieben O, Johnson K, Shah D, Golos TG. Impact of ferumoxytol magnetic resonance imaging on the rhesus macaque maternal-fetal interface†. Biol Reprod 2021; 102:434-444. [PMID: 31511859 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioz181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferumoxytol is a superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle used off-label as an intravascular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent. Additionally, ferumoxytol-uptake by macrophages facilitates detection of inflammatory sites by MRI through ferumoxytol-induced image contrast changes. Therefore, ferumoxytol-enhanced MRI holds great potential for assessing vascular function and inflammatory response, critical to determine placental health in pregnancy. This study sought to assess the fetoplacental unit and selected maternal tissues, pregnancy outcomes, and fetal well-being after ferumoxytol administration. In initial developmental studies, seven pregnant rhesus macaques were imaged with or without ferumoxytol administration. Pregnancies went to term with vaginal delivery and infants showed normal growth rates compared to control animals born the same year that did not undergo MRI. To determine the impact of ferumoxytol on the maternal-fetal interface (MFI), fetal well-being, and pregnancy outcome, four pregnant rhesus macaques at ~100 gestational day underwent MRI before and after ferumoxytol administration. Collection of the fetoplacental unit and selected maternal tissues was performed 2-3 days following ferumoxytol administration. A control group that did not receive ferumoxytol or MRI was used for comparison. Iron levels in fetal and MFI tissues did not differ between groups, and there was no significant difference in tissue histopathology with or without exposure to ferumoxytol, and no effect on placental hormone secretion. Together, these results suggest that the use of ferumoxytol and MRI in pregnant rhesus macaques does not negatively impact the MFI and can be a valuable experimental tool in research with this important animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney M Nguyen
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center (WNPRC), Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Wisconsin Madison School of Medicine, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Gregory J Wiepz
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center (WNPRC), Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Michele Schotzko
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center (WNPRC), Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Heather A Simmons
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center (WNPRC), Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Andres Mejia
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center (WNPRC), Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kai D Ludwig
- Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ante Zhu
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Radiology, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kevin Brunner
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center (WNPRC), Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Emergency Medicine, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Diego Hernando
- Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Radiology, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Scott B Reeder
- Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Radiology, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Emergency Medicine, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Medicine, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA, and
| | - Oliver Wieben
- Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Radiology, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kevin Johnson
- Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Radiology, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Dinesh Shah
- Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Wisconsin Madison School of Medicine, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Thaddeus G Golos
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center (WNPRC), Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Wisconsin Madison School of Medicine, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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37
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Richards C, Sesperez K, Chhor M, Ghorbanpour S, Rennie C, Ming CLC, Evenhuis C, Nikolic V, Orlic NK, Mikovic Z, Stefanovic M, Cakic Z, McGrath K, Gentile C, Bubb K, McClements L. Characterisation of cardiac health in the reduced uterine perfusion pressure model and a 3D cardiac spheroid model, of preeclampsia. Biol Sex Differ 2021; 12:31. [PMID: 33879252 PMCID: PMC8056582 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-021-00376-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Preeclampsia is a dangerous cardiovascular disorder of pregnancy that leads to an increased risk of future cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. Much of the pathogenesis and mechanisms involved in cardiac health in preeclampsia are unknown. A novel anti-angiogenic protein, FKBPL, is emerging as having a potential role in both preeclampsia and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Therefore, in this study we aimed to characterise cardiac health and FKBPL regulation in the rat reduced uterine perfusion pressure (RUPP) and a 3D cardiac spheroid model of preeclampsia. Methods The RUPP model was induced in pregnant rats and histological analysis performed on the heart, kidney, liver and placenta (n ≥ 6). Picrosirius red staining was performed to quantify collagen I and III deposition in rat hearts, placentae and livers as an indicator of fibrosis. RT-qPCR was used to determine changes in Fkbpl, Icam1, Vcam1, Flt1 and Vegfa mRNA in hearts and/or placentae and ELISA to evaluate cardiac brain natriuretic peptide (BNP45) and FKBPL secretion. Immunofluorescent staining was also conducted to analyse the expression of cardiac FKBPL. Cardiac spheroids were generated using human cardiac fibroblasts and human coronary artery endothelial cells and treated with patient plasma from normotensive controls, early-onset preeclampsia (EOPE) and late-onset preeclampsia (LOPE); n = 3. FKBPL and CD31 expression was quantified by immunofluorescent labelling. Results The RUPP procedure induced significant increases in blood pressure (p < 0.001), collagen deposition (p < 0.001) and cardiac BNP45 (p < 0.05). It also induced a significant increase in cardiac FKBPL mRNA (p < 0.05) and protein expression (p < 0.01). RUPP placentae also exhibited increased collagen deposition and decreased Flt1 mRNA expression (p < 0.05). RUPP kidneys revealed an increase in average glomerular size (p < 0.05). Cardiac spheroids showed a significant increase in FKBPL expression when treated with LOPE plasma (p < 0.05) and a trend towards increased FKBPL expression following treatment with EOPE plasma (p = 0.06). Conclusions The rat RUPP model induced cardiac, renal and placental features reflective of preeclampsia. FKBPL was increased in the hearts of RUPP rats and cardiac spheroids treated with plasma from women with preeclampsia, perhaps reflective of restricted angiogenesis and inflammation in this disorder. Elucidation of these novel FKBPL mechanisms in cardiac health in preeclampsia could be key in preventing future CVD. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13293-021-00376-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Richards
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kimberly Sesperez
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael Chhor
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sahar Ghorbanpour
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Claire Rennie
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Clara Liu Chung Ming
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Chris Evenhuis
- The iThree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Valentina Nikolic
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology & Department of Internal Medicine - Gynaecology, Medical Faculty, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia
| | - Natasa Karadzov Orlic
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Narodni Front, Belgrade, Serbia.,Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zeljko Mikovic
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Narodni Front, Belgrade, Serbia.,Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milan Stefanovic
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology & Department of Internal Medicine - Gynaecology, Medical Faculty, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia.,Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Clinical Centre Nis, Nis, Serbia
| | - Zoran Cakic
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, General Hospital of Leskovac, Leskovac, Serbia
| | - Kristine McGrath
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Carmine Gentile
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,The Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kristen Bubb
- The Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Biomedical Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lana McClements
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Coats LE, Bakrania BA, Bamrick-Fernandez DR, Ariatti AM, Rawls AZ, Ojeda NB, Alexander BT. Soluble guanylate cyclase stimulation in late gestation does not mitigate asymmetric intrauterine growth restriction or cardiovascular risk induced by placental ischemia in the rat. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 320:H1923-H1934. [PMID: 33739156 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00033.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Stimulation of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) improves fetal growth at gestational day 20 in the reduced uterine perfusion pressure (RUPP) rat model of placental ischemia suggesting a role for sGC in the etiology of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). This study tested the hypothesis that stimulation of sGC until birth attenuates asymmetric IUGR mitigating increased cardiovascular risk in offspring. Sham or RUPP surgery was performed at gestational day 14 (G14); vehicle or the sGC stimulator Riociguat (10 mg/kg/day sc) was administered G14 until birth. Birth weight was reduced in offspring from RUPP [intrauterine growth restricted (IUGR)], sGC RUPP (sGC IUGR), and sGC Sham (sGC Control) compared with Sham (Control). Crown circumference was maintained, but abdominal circumference was reduced in IUGR and sGC IUGR compared with Control indicative of asymmetrical growth. Gestational length was prolonged in sGC RUPP, and survival at birth was reduced in sGC IUGR. Probability of survival to postnatal day 2 was also significantly reduced in IUGR and sGC IUGR versus Control and in sGC IUGR versus IUGR. At 4 mo of age, blood pressure was increased in male IUGR and sGC IUGR but not male sGC Control born with symmetrical IUGR. Global longitudinal strain was increased and stroke volume was decreased in male IUGR and sGC IUGR compared with Control. Thus late gestational stimulation of sGC does not mitigate asymmetric IUGR or increased cardiovascular risk in male sGC IUGR. Furthermore, late gestational stimulation of sGC is associated with symmetrical growth restriction in sGC Control implicating contraindications in normal pregnancy.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The importance of the soluble guanylate cyclase-cGMP pathway in a rat model of placental ischemia differs during critical windows of development, implicating other factors may be critical mediators of impaired fetal growth in the final stages of gestation. Moreover, increased blood pressure at 4 mo of age in male intrauterine growth restriction offspring is associated with impaired cardiac function including an increase in global longitudinal strain in conjunction with a decrease in stroke volume, ejection fraction, and cardiac output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Coats
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Bhavisha A Bakrania
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi.,The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research and Perinatal Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Allison M Ariatti
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Adam Z Rawls
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Norma B Ojeda
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Barbara T Alexander
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
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39
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Epigenetic mechanisms involved in intrauterine growth restriction and aberrant kidney development and function. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2020; 12:952-962. [PMID: 33349286 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174420001257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) due to uteroplacental insufficiency results in a placenta that is unable to provide adequate nutrients and oxygen to the fetus. These growth-restricted babies have an increased risk of hypertension and chronic kidney disease later in life. In rats, both male and female growth-restricted offspring have nephron deficits but only males develop kidney dysfunction and high blood pressure. In addition, there is transgenerational transmission of nephron deficits and hypertension risk. Therefore, epigenetic mechanisms may explain the sex-specific programming and multigenerational transmission of IUGR-related phenotypes. Expression of DNA methyltransferases (Dnmt1and Dnmt3a) and imprinted genes (Peg3, Snrpn, Kcnq1, and Cdkn1c) were investigated in kidney tissues of sham and IUGR rats in F1 (embryonic day 20 (E20) and postnatal day 1 (PN1)) and F2 (6 and 12 months of age, paternal and maternal lines) generations (n = 6-13/group). In comparison to sham offspring, F1 IUGR rats had a 19% decrease in Dnmt3a expression at E20 (P < 0.05), with decreased Cdkn1c (19%, P < 0.05) and increased Kcnq1 (1.6-fold, P < 0.01) at PN1. There was a sex-specific difference in Cdkn1c and Snrpn expression at E20, with 29% and 34% higher expression in IUGR males compared to females, respectively (P < 0.05). Peg3 sex-specific expression was lost in the F2 IUGR offspring, only in the maternal line. These findings suggest that epigenetic mechanisms may be altered in renal embryonic and/or fetal development in growth-restricted offspring, which could alter kidney function, predisposing these offspring to kidney disease later in life.
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40
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Coats LE, Bamrick-Fernandez DR, Ariatti AM, Bakrania BA, Rawls AZ, Ojeda NB, Alexander BT. Stimulation of soluble guanylate cyclase diminishes intrauterine growth restriction in a rat model of placental ischemia. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2020; 320:R149-R161. [PMID: 33175587 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00234.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Placental ischemia in preeclampsia (PE) results in hypertension and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Stimulation of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) reduces blood pressure in the clinically relevant reduced uterine perfusion pressure (RUPP) rat model of PE, implicating involvement in RUPP-induced hypertension. However, the contribution of sGC in the development of IUGR in PE is not known. Thus, this study demonstrated the efficacy of Riociguat, an sGC stimulator, in IUGR reversion in the RUPP rat model of PE, and tested the hypothesis that improvement in fetal weight occurs in association with improvement in placental perfusion, placental morphology, and placental nutrient transport protein expression. Sham or RUPP surgery was performed at gestational day 14 (G14) with administration of vehicle (Sham or RUPP) or the sGC stimulator (Riociguat, 10 mg/kg/day sc; sGC-treated) until G20. Fetal weight was reduced (P = 0.004) at G20 in RUPP but not in sGC-treated RUPP compared with Sham, the control group. At G20, uterine artery resistance index (UARI) was increased (P = 0.010) in RUPP, indicating poor placental perfusion; proportional junctional zone surface area was elevated (P = 0.035), indicating impaired placental development. These effects were ameliorated in sGC-treated RUPP. Placental protein expression of nutrient transporter heart fatty acid-binding protein (hFABP) was increased (P = 0.008) in RUPP but not in sGC-treated RUPP, suggesting a compensatory mechanism to maintain normal neurodevelopment. Yet, UARI (P < 0.001), proportional junctional zone surface area (P = 0.013), and placental hFABP protein expression (P = 0.008) were increased in sGC-treated Sham, suggesting a potential adverse effect of Riociguat. Collectively, these results suggest sGC contributes to IUGR in PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Coats
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | | | - Allison M Ariatti
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Bhavisha A Bakrania
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Adam Z Rawls
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Norma B Ojeda
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Barbara T Alexander
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
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Niu Y, Zhao Y, He J, Shen M, Gan Z, Zhang L, Wang T. Dietary dihydroartemisinin supplementation improves growth, intestinal digestive function and nutrient transporters in weaned piglets with intrauterine growth retardation. Livest Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Color of Colon Content of Normal and Intrauterine Growth-Restricted Weaned Piglets is Associated with Specific Microbial Taxa and Physiological Parameters. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10061073. [PMID: 32580422 PMCID: PMC7341333 DOI: 10.3390/ani10061073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Selection for hyperprolific sows has increased litter sizes but has also increased the number of small piglets per litter. A large percentage of these piglets have been exposed to intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) during gestation, and this is accompanied by higher mortality and reduced growth in pig production. In humans, IUGR is associated with long-term health consequences such as cardiovascular disease, as well as metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes. It is therefore of interest to study the gut microbiota (GM) of IUGR compared to normal piglets, as a well-balanced GM is associated with improved health outcomes. Differences in feces color was associated with different metabolite signatures and specific GM signatures. Understanding these differences in the composition of the microbial community and its functional capacity during weaning is important for pig production, as the GM play important roles in pig health and growth performance. Abstract A well-balanced gut microbiome is associated with improved health outcomes, but to date, the GM of IUGR piglets have only been sparsely investigated. Here, we investigated GM composition, color of colon content, and blood parameters of 20 IUGR and 20 normal 24-day-old piglets. No significant differences were detected in colon microbiota composition between IUGR and the normal piglets with respect to alpha and beta diversity measures. The colon content of these piglets displayed three colors: brown, black, and yellow. Interestingly, the color of the colon content varied with microbial community composition, with significant differences in the relative abundance of taxa belonging to Fusobacteria and Treponema. Fusobacteria were most abundant in yellow fecal samples, with a mean relative abundance around 5.6%, whereas this was 0.51% within brown and 0.02% for the black fecal samples. Fusobacteria positively correlated with total blood protein, albumin, and triglycerides. Contrarily, Treponema was at 0.9% the most abundant in black fecal samples, while present at 0.1% of relative abundance in brown fecal samples and 0.01% in yellow samples, correlating positively with blood iron content. This study indicates that colon/fecal content color can be used as indicator for specific GM and metabolite signatures.
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Abbas G, Shah S, Hanif M, Shah A, Rehman AU, Tahir S, Nayab K, Asghar A. The frequency of pulmonary hypertension in newborn with intrauterine growth restriction. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8064. [PMID: 32415157 PMCID: PMC7229189 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65065-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a clinical definition applied to neonates born with clinical features of malnutrition and in-utero growth retardation irrespective of their birth weight percentile. This study was aimed to determine the frequency of pulmonary hypertension (PH) in neonates with IUGR. In this descriptive cross-sectional study, we followed 96 neonates with IUGR (≤28 days) and 38 neonates without IUGR born in the department of the neonatal intensive care unit children hospital complex Multan, Pakistan. We analyzed certain factors such as gender, gestational age (GA) (weeks), birth weight (BW in kg), weight percentile (WP) for GA, meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS), birth asphyxia (BA) and respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) for pulmonary hypertension (PH) in IUGR and non-IUGR group. GA was measured by the Ballard scoring system. Echocardiography was performed for all patients by the pediatric cardiologist to measure pulmonary arterial (PA) pressure using Bernoulli’s equation. Out of total 96 IUGR neonates, 33.3% (n = 32) suffered from PH, of which 65.3% (n = 18) were male and 43.7% (n = 14) were female. The percentages of IUGR neonates with BA, MAS and RDS were 34.4%, 18.8% and 22.9% respectively. The data were analyzed using the SPSS-16 software to test the statistical significance of the results. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered significant. When the chi-square test was applied, it depicted that MAS was significantly associated with PH in IUGR neonates (p = 0.0001) compared to non-IUGR neonates. Our findings suggested an increased chance of PH in IUGR neonates and MAS may be a strong factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Abbas
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Shah
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Hanif
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Abid Shah
- Children hospital and the Institute of Child Health Multan, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Anees Ur Rehman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University Sains Penang, Sains Penang, Malaysia
| | - Sana Tahir
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Komal Nayab
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Arzoo Asghar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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44
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Jain J, Legan SK, Alhamoud I, Gattineni J, Baum M. Effect of sex on glomerular filtration rate in programmed rats by prenatal dexamethasone. Physiol Rep 2020; 7:e14154. [PMID: 31243892 PMCID: PMC6594923 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that dexamethasone administered to pregnant rats during specific times during gestation results in a reduction in glomerular number and hypertension in offspring at 2 and 6 months of age. In this study, we examined the effect of prenatal dexamethasone administered daily on days 15 and 16 of gestation in male and female offspring after 1 year of age on glomerular filtration rate. The prenatal dexamethasone male group had a higher systolic blood pressure than the vehicle male group. Females had lower systolic blood pressures than the males and prenatal dexamethasone did not affect blood pressure in female offspring. Prenatal dexamethasone resulted in a reduction in glomerular filtration rate in male but not in female rats. When corrected for body weight, the control male rats had a lower glomerular filtration rate than the control female rats. Males had greater protein excretion than females and prenatal dexamethasone increased the protein excretion only in male rats. Glomerulosclerosis was also greater in male rats than females but was not affected by prenatal dexamethasone. In summary, male rats appear to have evidence of a decline in glomerular filtration rate after 1 year of age and prenatal dexamethasone programs an accelerated decline in glomerular filtration rate in male but not in female offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Jain
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas
| | - Susan K Legan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas
| | - Issa Alhamoud
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas
| | - Jyothsna Gattineni
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas
| | - Michel Baum
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas
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45
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Ganguly E, Hula N, Spaans F, Cooke CLM, Davidge ST. Placenta-targeted treatment strategies: An opportunity to impact fetal development and improve offspring health later in life. Pharmacol Res 2020; 157:104836. [PMID: 32344051 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) theory states that a sub-optimal prenatal and early postnatal environment during development leads to an increased risk of long-term development of adult chronic diseases. Developmental programming of disease has the potential to greatly impact the health of our population. Therefore, research has focused on the development of primary treatment strategies and/or therapeutic interventions for individuals who are at increased risk, with the objective to reverse or prevent later life onset of chronic disease in the offspring born from complicated pregnancies. Many studies have focused on systemic treatments and/or interventions in complicated pregnancies to improve offspring outcomes. However, there are limitations to systemic maternal/prenatal treatments, as most of the treatments are able to cross the placenta and have potential adverse off-target effects on the developing fetus. The placenta serves as the primary interface between mother and fetus, and placental dysfunction in complicated pregnancies has been associated with impaired fetal development and negative impact on offspring health. Therefore, recent research has focused on treatment strategies that specifically target the placenta to improve placental function and prevent passage of prenatal therapeutics and/or treatments into the fetal circulation, thus avoiding any potential adverse off-target effects on the fetus. This article reviews the currently available knowledge on treatment strategies and/or therapeutics that specifically target the placenta with the goal of improving pregnancy outcomes with a focus on long-term health of the offspring born of complicated pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esha Ganguly
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Nataliia Hula
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Floor Spaans
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Christy-Lynn M Cooke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Sandra T Davidge
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
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46
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Travis OK, White D, Baik C, Giachelli C, Thompson W, Stubbs C, Greer M, Lemon JP, Williams JM, Cornelius DC. Interleukin-17 signaling mediates cytolytic natural killer cell activation in response to placental ischemia. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2020; 318:R1036-R1046. [PMID: 32320265 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00285.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
T-helper (TH)17s, IL-17, and cytolytic natural killer cells (cNKs) are increased in preeclampsia and contribute to the hypertension, inflammation, and fetal growth restriction that occurs in response to placental ischemia in the reduced uterine perfusion pressure (RUPP) rat model of preeclampsia. As IL-17 stimulates NK cytotoxicity in vitro, we tested the hypothesis that IL-17 inhibition in RUPP rats would decrease cNK activation as a mechanism to improve maternal and fetal outcomes. On gestation day (GD) 14, rats undergoing RUPP received a miniosmotic pump infusing IL-17RC (100 pg/day), a soluble IL-17 receptor (RUPP + IL-17RC). On GD19, mean arterial pressure (MAP) was measured in normal pregnant (NP), RUPP, and RUPP + IL-17RC rats (n = 10-12/group), animals were euthanized, and blood and tissues were collected for analysis. MAP was 30% higher in RUPP compared with NP (P < 0.0001) and was 12% lower in RUPP + IL-17RC (P = 0.0007 vs. RUPP). Placental cytolytic NK cells were 132% higher in RUPP than in NP (P = 0.04 vs. NP) and were normalized in RUPP + IL-17RC (P = 0.03 vs. RUPP). Placental levels of TNF-α, a cNK-secreted cytokine, and macrophage inflammatory protein-3α (MIP-3α), a cNK chemokine, were higher in RUPP vs. NP and lower after IL-17 blockade. Placental VEGF was lower in RUPP vs. NP and was normalized in RUPP + IL-17RC. In vitro cytolytic activity of RUPP placental NKs was higher compared with NP and was blunted in RUPP + IL-17RC NKs. Finally, both fetal weight and placental weight were lower in RUPP compared with NP, and were improved in RUPP + IL-17RC. These data identify IL-17 as a mediator of cNK activation in response to placental ischemia during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia K Travis
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Dakota White
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Cedar Baik
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Chelsea Giachelli
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Willie Thompson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Cassandra Stubbs
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Mallory Greer
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - James P Lemon
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Jan Michael Williams
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Denise C Cornelius
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi.,Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
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47
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Gatford KL, Andraweera PH, Roberts CT, Care AS. Animal Models of Preeclampsia: Causes, Consequences, and Interventions. Hypertension 2020; 75:1363-1381. [PMID: 32248704 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.119.14598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a common pregnancy complication, affecting 2% to 8% of pregnancies worldwide, and is an important cause of both maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Importantly, although aspirin and calcium are able to prevent preeclampsia in some women, there is no cure apart from delivery of the placenta and fetus, often necessitating iatrogenic preterm birth. Preclinical models of preeclampsia are widely used to investigate the causes and consequences of preeclampsia and to evaluate safety and efficacy of potential preventative and therapeutic interventions. In this review, we provide a summary of the published preclinical models of preeclampsia that meet human diagnostic criteria, including the development of maternal hypertension, together with new-onset proteinuria, maternal organ dysfunction, and uteroplacental dysfunction. We then discuss evidence from preclinical models for multiple causal factors of preeclampsia, including those implicated in early-onset and late-onset preeclampsia. Next, we discuss the impact of exposure to a preeclampsia-like environment for later maternal and progeny health. The presence of long-term impairment, particularly cardiovascular outcomes, in mothers and progeny after an experimentally induced preeclampsia-like pregnancy, implies that later onset or reduced severity of preeclampsia will improve later maternal and progeny health. Finally, we summarize published intervention studies in preclinical models and identify gaps in knowledge that we consider should be targets for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn L Gatford
- From the Adelaide Medical School and Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - Prabha H Andraweera
- From the Adelaide Medical School and Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - Claire T Roberts
- From the Adelaide Medical School and Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - Alison S Care
- From the Adelaide Medical School and Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Australia
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48
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Hemker SL, Cerqueira DM, Bodnar AJ, Cargill KR, Clugston A, Anslow MJ, Sims-Lucas S, Kostka D, Ho J. Deletion of hypoxia-responsive microRNA-210 results in a sex-specific decrease in nephron number. FASEB J 2020; 34:5782-5799. [PMID: 32141129 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902767r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Low nephron number results in an increased risk of developing hypertension and chronic kidney disease. Intrauterine growth restriction is associated with a nephron deficit in humans, and is commonly caused by placental insufficiency, which results in fetal hypoxia. The underlying mechanisms by which hypoxia impacts kidney development are poorly understood. microRNA-210 is the most consistently induced microRNA in hypoxia and is known to promote cell survival in a hypoxic environment. In this study, the role of microRNA-210 in kidney development was evaluated using a global microRNA-210 knockout mouse. A male-specific 35% nephron deficit in microRNA-210 knockout mice was observed. Wnt/β-catenin signaling, a pathway crucial for nephron differentiation, was misregulated in male kidneys with increased expression of the canonical Wnt target lymphoid enhancer binding factor 1. This coincided with increased expression of caspase-8-associated protein 2, a known microRNA-210 target and apoptosis signal transducer. Together, these data are consistent with a sex-specific requirement for microRNA-210 in kidney development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby L Hemker
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Rangos Research Center, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Débora M Cerqueira
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Rangos Research Center, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Andrew J Bodnar
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Rangos Research Center, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kasey R Cargill
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Rangos Research Center, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Andrew Clugston
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Rangos Research Center, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Melissa J Anslow
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Rangos Research Center, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sunder Sims-Lucas
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Rangos Research Center, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dennis Kostka
- Rangos Research Center, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jacqueline Ho
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Rangos Research Center, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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49
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Mechanisms linking exposure to preeclampsia in utero and the risk for cardiovascular disease. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2020; 11:235-242. [PMID: 32070456 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174420000094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is now recognised as a cardiovascular risk factor for women. Emerging evidence suggests that children exposed to PE in utero may also be at increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in later life. Individuals exposed to PE in utero have higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure and higher body mass index (BMI) compared to those not exposed to PE in utero. The aim of this review is to discuss the potential mechanisms driving the relationship between PE and offspring CVD. Exposure to an adverse intrauterine environment as a consequence of the pathophysiological changes that occur during a pregnancy complicated by PE is proposed as one mechanism that programs the fetus for future CVD risk. Consistent with this hypothesis, animal models of PE where progeny have been studied demonstrate causality for programming of offspring cardiovascular health by the preeclamptic environment. Shared alleles between mother and offspring, and shared lifestyle factors between mother and offspring provide alternate pathways explaining associations between PE and offspring CVD risk. In addition, adverse lifestyle habits can also act as second hits for those programmed for increased CVD risk. PE and CVD are both multifactorial diseases and, hence, identifying the relative contribution of PE to offspring risk for CVD is a very complex task. However, considering the emerging strong association between PE and CVD, those exposed to PE in utero may benefit from targeted primary CVD preventive strategies.
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50
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Early Programming of Adult Systemic Essential Hypertension. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041203. [PMID: 32054074 PMCID: PMC7072742 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are being included in the study of developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) and essential systemic hypertension has also been added to this field. Epigenetic modifications are one of the main mechanisms leading to early programming of disease. Different environmental factors occurring during critical windows in the early stages of life may leave epigenetic cues, which may be involved in the programming of hypertension when individuals reach adulthood. Such environmental factors include pre-term birth, low weight at birth, altered programming of different organs such as the blood vessels and the kidney, and living in disadvantageous conditions in the programming of hypertension. Mechanisms behind these factors that impact on the programming include undernutrition, oxidative stress, inflammation, emotional stress, and changes in the microbiota. These factors and their underlying causes acting at the vascular level will be discussed in this paper. We also explore the establishment of epigenetic cues that may lead to hypertension at the vascular level such as DNA methylation, histone modifications (methylation and acetylation), and the role of microRNAs in the endothelial cells and blood vessel smooth muscle which participate in hypertension. Since epigenetic changes are reversible, the knowledge of this type of markers could be useful in the field of prevention, diagnosis or epigenetic drugs as a therapeutic approach to hypertension.
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