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Zhao J, Cai X, Hu J, Song S, Zhu Q, Shen D, Yang W, Luo Q, Yao X, Zhang D, Hong J, Li N. J-Shaped Relationship Between Weight-Adjusted-Waist Index and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Hypertensive Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Cohort Study. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2024; 17:2671-2681. [PMID: 38978818 PMCID: PMC11228610 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s469376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background A newly introduced obesity-related index, the weight-adjusted-waist index (WWI), emerges as a promising predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Given the known synergistic effects of hypertension and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) on cardiovascular risk, we aimed to explore the relationship between the WWI and CVD risk specifically within this high-risk cohort. Methods A total of 2265 participants with hypertension and OSA were included in the study. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for CVD events. The restricted cubic spline (RCS) was used to further evaluate the nonlinear dose-response relationship. Results During a median follow-up period of 6.8 years, 324 participants experienced a CVD event. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that compared to the reference group, the HRs for the second, third, and fourth groups were 1.12 (95% CI, 0.79-1.59), 1.35 (95% CI, 0.96-1.89), and 1.58 (95% CI, 1.13-2.22), respectively. Moreover, RCS analysis illustrated a clear J-shaped relationship between the WWI and CVD risk, particularly notable when WWI exceeded 11.5 cm/√kg, signifying a significant increase in CVD risk. Conclusion There was a J-shaped relationship between WWI and CVD in hypertensive patients with OSA, especially when the WWI was greater than 11.5 cm/√kg, the risk of CVD was significantly increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwen Zhao
- Hypertension Center of People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830001, People's Republic of China
- Xinjiang Hypertension Institute, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830001, People's Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830001 People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region "Hypertension Research Laboratory", Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830001, People's Republic of China
- Xinjiang Clinical Medical Research Center for Hypertension (Cardio-Cerebrovascular) Diseases, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xintian Cai
- Hypertension Center of People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830001, People's Republic of China
- Xinjiang Hypertension Institute, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830001, People's Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830001 People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region "Hypertension Research Laboratory", Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830001, People's Republic of China
- Xinjiang Clinical Medical Research Center for Hypertension (Cardio-Cerebrovascular) Diseases, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830001, People's Republic of China
| | - Junli Hu
- Hypertension Center of People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830001, People's Republic of China
- Xinjiang Hypertension Institute, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830001, People's Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830001 People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region "Hypertension Research Laboratory", Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830001, People's Republic of China
- Xinjiang Clinical Medical Research Center for Hypertension (Cardio-Cerebrovascular) Diseases, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830001, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuaiwei Song
- Hypertension Center of People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830001, People's Republic of China
- Xinjiang Hypertension Institute, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830001, People's Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830001 People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region "Hypertension Research Laboratory", Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830001, People's Republic of China
- Xinjiang Clinical Medical Research Center for Hypertension (Cardio-Cerebrovascular) Diseases, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830001, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Zhu
- Hypertension Center of People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830001, People's Republic of China
- Xinjiang Hypertension Institute, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830001, People's Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830001 People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region "Hypertension Research Laboratory", Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830001, People's Republic of China
- Xinjiang Clinical Medical Research Center for Hypertension (Cardio-Cerebrovascular) Diseases, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830001, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Shen
- Hypertension Center of People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830001, People's Republic of China
- Xinjiang Hypertension Institute, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830001, People's Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830001 People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region "Hypertension Research Laboratory", Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830001, People's Republic of China
- Xinjiang Clinical Medical Research Center for Hypertension (Cardio-Cerebrovascular) Diseases, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830001, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbo Yang
- Hypertension Center of People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830001, People's Republic of China
- Xinjiang Hypertension Institute, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830001, People's Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830001 People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region "Hypertension Research Laboratory", Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830001, People's Republic of China
- Xinjiang Clinical Medical Research Center for Hypertension (Cardio-Cerebrovascular) Diseases, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830001, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Luo
- Hypertension Center of People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830001, People's Republic of China
- Xinjiang Hypertension Institute, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830001, People's Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830001 People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region "Hypertension Research Laboratory", Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830001, People's Republic of China
- Xinjiang Clinical Medical Research Center for Hypertension (Cardio-Cerebrovascular) Diseases, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoguang Yao
- Hypertension Center of People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830001, People's Republic of China
- Xinjiang Hypertension Institute, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830001, People's Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830001 People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region "Hypertension Research Laboratory", Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830001, People's Republic of China
- Xinjiang Clinical Medical Research Center for Hypertension (Cardio-Cerebrovascular) Diseases, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830001, People's Republic of China
| | - Delian Zhang
- Hypertension Center of People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830001, People's Republic of China
- Xinjiang Hypertension Institute, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830001, People's Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830001 People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region "Hypertension Research Laboratory", Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830001, People's Republic of China
- Xinjiang Clinical Medical Research Center for Hypertension (Cardio-Cerebrovascular) Diseases, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Hong
- Hypertension Center of People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830001, People's Republic of China
- Xinjiang Hypertension Institute, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830001, People's Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830001 People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region "Hypertension Research Laboratory", Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830001, People's Republic of China
- Xinjiang Clinical Medical Research Center for Hypertension (Cardio-Cerebrovascular) Diseases, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830001, People's Republic of China
| | - Nanfang Li
- Hypertension Center of People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830001, People's Republic of China
- Xinjiang Hypertension Institute, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830001, People's Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830001 People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region "Hypertension Research Laboratory", Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830001, People's Republic of China
- Xinjiang Clinical Medical Research Center for Hypertension (Cardio-Cerebrovascular) Diseases, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830001, People's Republic of China
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Yuliana ME, Chou HC, Su ECY, Chuang HC, Huang LT, Chen CM. Uteroplacental insufficiency decreases leptin expression and impairs lung development in growth-restricted newborn rats. Pediatr Res 2024; 95:1503-1509. [PMID: 38049649 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02946-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study aimed to analyze the effect of uteroplacental insufficiency (UPI) on leptin expression and lung development of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) rats. METHODS On day 17 of pregnancy, time-dated Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into either an IUGR group or a control group. Uteroplacental insufficiency surgery (IUGR) and sham surgery (control) were conducted. Offspring rats were spontaneously delivered on day 22 of pregnancy. On postnatal days 0 and 7, rats' pups were selected at random from the control and IUGR groups. Blood was withdrawn from the heart to determine leptin levels. The right lung was obtained for leptin and leptin receptor levels, immunohistochemistry, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), western blot, and metabolomic analyses. RESULTS UPI-induced IUGR decreased leptin expression and impaired lung development, causing decreased surface area and volume in offspring. This results in lower body weight, decreased serum leptin levels, lung leptin and leptin receptor levels, alveolar space, PCNA, and increased alveolar wall volume fraction in IUGR offspring rats. The IUGR group found significant relationships between serum leptin, radial alveolar count, von Willebrand Factor, and metabolites. CONCLUSION Leptin may contribute to UPI-induced lung development during the postnatal period, suggesting supplementation as a potential treatment. IMPACT The neonatal rats with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) caused by uteroplacental insufficiency (UPI) showed decreased leptin expression and impaired lung development. UPI-induced IUGR significantly decreased surface area and volume in lung offspring. This is a novel study that investigates leptin expression and lung development in neonatal rats with IUGR caused by UPI. If our findings translate to IUGR infants, leptin may contribute to UPI-induced lung development during the postnatal period, suggesting supplementation as a potential treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merryl Esther Yuliana
- International PhD Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Chu Chou
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Emily Chia-Yu Su
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Research Center for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Chi Chuang
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Ti Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ming Chen
- International PhD Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Sreekumar M, Bobby Z, Negi V, Kommoju V, Sadanandan D. Atherothrombotic Risk Factors in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis. Cureus 2024; 16:e59818. [PMID: 38846255 PMCID: PMC11156212 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.59818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The onset of cardiovascular complications has increased the mortality rate in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Presently, there is a need to diagnose cardiovascular co-morbidity in rheumatic disease. While biomarkers such as P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1), fibrinogen, anti-thrombin III (AT-III), hsCRP, lipoprotein (a) (lp(a)), leptin, adiponectin, and asymmetric dimethyl arginine (ADMA) are already established as independent risk factors for the development of atherosclerosis, the association of these biomarkers with disease activity in RA patients is unclear. METHODS The case-control study comprised 40 cases along with age- and gender-matched controls recruited from a tertiary care hospital in southern India. Platelet activation in plasma was analyzed by flow cytometry using CD41 per CPCY 5.5 (platelet marker) and human CD62P FITC monoclonal antibody (P-selectin marker). Other parameters were quantified through nephelometry and ELISA. The association between the risk factors and RA disease severity, as per the disease activity score (DAS/DAS28), was analyzed. Furthermore, an ROC analysis was done to assess the utility of these biomarkers in the diagnosis of RA. RESULTS With the exception of leptin, adiponectin, and ADMA, there was a significant increase in the levels of PSGL-1, fibrinogen, AT-III, hsCRP, and lp(a) when compared to healthy controls. Conventional risk factors contributing to dyslipidemia were also assessed, in which the low-density lipoprotein (LDL)/high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio was found to be significantly higher in RA patients compared to controls. Moreover, a significant positive correlation was identified between DAS score and activated platelets, fibrinogen, and hsCRP. ROC analysis identified that fibrinogen could predict the RA disease status with 95% accuracy, followed by activated platelets and hsCRP. CONCLUSION Several of the studied atherothrombotic risk factors were significantly altered in patients with RA. Activated platelets, fibrinogen, and hsCRP were associated with disease activity and also served as good diagnostic predictors for RA. Based on our findings, further studies could explore the potential of introducing anti-thrombotic agents in the treatment regimen of patients with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malu Sreekumar
- Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research, Puducherry, IND
| | - Zachariah Bobby
- Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research, Puducherry, IND
| | - Vir Negi
- Clinical Immunology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research, Puducherry, IND
- Clinical Immunology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bilaspur, IND
| | - Vallayyachari Kommoju
- Immunology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research, Puducherry, IND
| | - Deepthy Sadanandan
- Biostatistics, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research, Puducherry, IND
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Lv W, Zhang Q, Li Y, Liu D, Wu X, He X, Han Y, Fei X, Zhang L, Fei Z. Homer1 ameliorates ischemic stroke by inhibiting necroptosis-induced neuronal damage and neuroinflammation. Inflamm Res 2024; 73:131-144. [PMID: 38091015 PMCID: PMC10776472 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-023-01824-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Proinflammatory necroptosis is the main pathological mechanism of ischemic stroke. Homer scaffolding protein 1 (Homer1) is a postsynaptic scaffolding protein that exerts anti-inflammatory effects in most central nervous system diseases. However, the relationship between Homer1 and proinflammatory necroptosis in ischemic stroke remains unclear. AIM This study aimed to investigate the role of Homer1 in ischemia-induced necroptosis. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were used to establish a model of permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion model (pMCAO). Homer1 knockdown mice were generated using adeno-associated virus (AAV) infection to explore the role of Homer1 and its impact on necroptosis in pMCAO. Finally, Homer1 protein was stereotaxically injected into the ischemic cortex of Homer1flox/flox/Nestin-Cre +/- mice, and the efficacy of Homer1 was investigated using behavioral assays and molecular biological assays to explore potential mechanisms. RESULTS Homer1 expression peaked at 8 h in the ischemic penumbral cortex after pMCAO and colocalized with neurons. Homer1 knockdown promoted neuronal death by enhancing necroptotic signaling pathways and aggravating ischemic brain damage in mice. Furthermore, the knockdown of Homer1 enhanced the expression of proinflammatory cytokines. Moreover, injection of Homer1 protein reduced necroptosis-induced brain injury inhibited the expression of proinflammatory factors, and ameliorated the outcomes in the Homer1flox/flox/Nestin-Cre+/- mice after pMCAO. CONCLUSIONS Homer1 ameliorates ischemic stroke by inhibiting necroptosis-induced neuronal damage and neuroinflammation. These data suggested that Homer1 is a novel regulator of neuronal death and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihao Lv
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, No. 127, Changle West Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Yuanming Li
- Department of Neurology, Gansu Province Central Hospital, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, No. 127, Changle West Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Xiuquan Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, No. 127, Changle West Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Xin He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, No. 127, Changle West Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Yuanyuan Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, No. 127, Changle West Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Xiaowei Fei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, No. 127, Changle West Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, No. 127, Changle West Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China.
| | - Zhou Fei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, No. 127, Changle West Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China.
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Karna S, Kang KW. An Overview of the Mechanism behind Excessive Volume of Pericardial Fat in Heart Failure. J Obes Metab Syndr 2023; 32:322-329. [PMID: 38036419 PMCID: PMC10786210 DOI: 10.7570/jomes23042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a clinical syndrome characterized by myocardial dysfunction leading to inefficient blood filling or ejection. Regardless of the etiology, various mechanisms, including adipokine hypersecretion, proinflammatory cytokines, stem cell proliferation, oxidative stress, hyperglycemic toxicity, and autonomic nervous system dysregulation in the pericardial fat (PCF), contribute to the development of HF. PCF has been directly associated with cardiovascular disease, and an increased PCF volume is associated with HF. The PCF acts as neuroendocrine tissue that is closely linked to myocardial function and acts as an energy reservoir. This review aims to summarize each mechanism associated with PCF in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Karna
- Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Arrhythmia Center, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki-Woon Kang
- Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Arrhythmia Center, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Mori K, Okuma H, Nakamura S, Uchinuma H, Kaga S, Nakajima H, Ogawa Y, Tsuchiya K. Melanocortin-4 receptor in macrophages attenuated angiotensin II-induced abdominal aortic aneurysm in mice. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19768. [PMID: 37957201 PMCID: PMC10643430 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46831-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is recognized as an independent risk factor for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). While mutations in the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) gene is the most common cause of obesity caused by mutations in a single gene, the link between MC4R function and vascular disease has still remained unclear. Here, by using melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) deficient mice, we confirmed MC4R deficiency promotes AAA and atherosclerosis. We demonstrated the contribution of two novel factors towards vascular vulnerability in this model: leptin signaling in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and loss of MC4R signaling in macrophages. Leptin was shown to promote vascular vulnerability via PI3K-dependent upregulation of Spp1 expression in VSMC. Additionally, Ang II-induced AAA incidence was significantly reduced when MC4R gene expression was myeloid cell-specifically rescued in MC4R deficient (MC4RTB/TB) mice. Ex vivo analysis showed a suppression in NF-κB activity in bone marrow-derived macrophages from LysM(+);MC4RTB/TB mice compared to LysM(-);MC4RTB/TB mice, which exaggerates with endogenous MC4R ligand treatment; α-MSH. These results suggest that MC4R signaling in macrophages attenuates AAA by inhibiting NF-κB activity and subsequent vascular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Mori
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 4093898, Japan.
| | - Hideyuki Okuma
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 4093898, Japan
| | - Suguru Nakamura
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 4093898, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Uchinuma
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 4093898, Japan
| | - Shigeaki Kaga
- Department of Surgery II, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakajima
- Department of Surgery II, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ogawa
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kyoichiro Tsuchiya
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 4093898, Japan.
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Rašković A, Martić N, Tomas A, Andrejić-Višnjić B, Bosanac M, Atanasković M, Nemet M, Popović R, Krstić M, Vukmirović S, Stilinović N. Carob Extract ( Ceratonia siliqua L.): Effects on Dyslipidemia and Obesity in a High-Fat Diet-Fed Rat Model. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2611. [PMID: 38004588 PMCID: PMC10674595 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15112611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemia and obesity are recognized as two of the major global health issues and main risk factors for coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular disease. In recent years, carob has shown certain antioxidant and anti-dyslipidemic potential. In this study, Wistar rats were fed with a standard and cholesterol-enriched diet and treated orally with carob extract and simvastatin for four weeks. After sacrifice, blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis, and liver tissue was taken for histological and immunohistochemical assessment. Weight gain was significantly higher in groups fed with cholesterol-fortified granules; total cholesterol was found to be significantly lower in the hypercholesterolemic groups treated with simvastatin and simvastatin/carob combined regimens compared with hypercholesterolemic animals treated with saline (p < 0.05). The same was true for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and the LDL/HDL ratio (p < 0.05). Adiponectin was remarkably higher in animals treated with simvastatin compared to all other groups (p < 0.05). Leptin was significantly lower in groups treated with carob and simvastatin compared to the hypercholesterolemic group treated with saline (p < 0.05). Carob/simvastatin co-administration reduced hepatocyte damage and improved liver morphology. A study confirmed the anti-dyslipidemic, anti-obesity, and hepatoprotective potential of carob pulp alone or in combination with simvastatin in the treatment of high-fat diet-fed rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Rašković
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (A.R.); (A.T.); (S.V.); (N.S.)
| | - Nikola Martić
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (A.R.); (A.T.); (S.V.); (N.S.)
| | - Ana Tomas
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (A.R.); (A.T.); (S.V.); (N.S.)
| | - Bojana Andrejić-Višnjić
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (B.A.-V.); (M.B.)
| | - Milana Bosanac
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (B.A.-V.); (M.B.)
| | - Marko Atanasković
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (M.A.); (M.N.); (R.P.)
| | - Marko Nemet
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (M.A.); (M.N.); (R.P.)
| | - Radmila Popović
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (M.A.); (M.N.); (R.P.)
- Clinical Department for Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Management, Clinical Centre of Vojvodina, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Marko Krstić
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Saša Vukmirović
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (A.R.); (A.T.); (S.V.); (N.S.)
| | - Nebojša Stilinović
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (A.R.); (A.T.); (S.V.); (N.S.)
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Kong F, Huang J, Xu C, Huang T, Wen G, Cheng W. System inflammation response index: a novel inflammatory indicator to predict all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in the obese population. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2023; 15:195. [PMID: 37821960 PMCID: PMC10566161 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-023-01178-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM This study aims to investigate the relationship between two novel inflammatory markers, namely, the Systemic Inflammatory Response Index (SIRI) and the Systemic Immune Inflammatory Index (SII), as well as the all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in the obese population. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a prospective cohort study based on the data of 13,026 obese adults (age ≥ 18 years) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999 to 2014 and followed until December 2019. SIRI was calculated by the formula: (neutrophil count × monocyte count) / lymphocyte count, while that of SII was: (platelet count × neutrophil count)/lymphocyte count. The association of SIRI and SII with all-cause and CVD mortality was evaluated using Cox regression. In addition, the nomogram was performed to predict 10-year survival probability. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 137 months, 1959 and 553 all-cause and CVD deaths were recorded, respectively. Spearman correlation analysis indicated that SIRI and SII were unrelated to almost all baseline characteristics (r < 0.15). Multivariate Cox regression models displayed that each standard deviation (SD) increase in SIRI was associated with a 16% (HR 1.16; 95% CI 1.09-1.24) and 22% (HR 1.22; 95% CI 1.10-1.36) increase in the risk of all-cause and CVD mortality, respectively. Likewise, every SD increase in SII was correlated with a 9% (HR 1.09; 95% CI 1.02-1.16) and 14% (HR 1.14; 95% CI 1.04-1.26) increase in the risk of all-cause and CVD mortality, respectively. The predictive value of SIRI for all-cause and CVD mortality (AUC = 0.601 and 0.624) exceeded that of SII (AUC = 0.528 and 0.539). Moreover, the nomogram displayed a substantial predictive value for 10-year survival (AUC = 0.847) with sensitivity and specificity exceeding 75%. CONCLUSIONS In the obese population, SIRI and SII are independent risk factors for all-cause and CVD mortality. Notably, the predictive ability of SIRI for both all-cause and CVD mortality significantly outperforms that of SII, suggesting that SIRI is a more valuable marker of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanliang Kong
- University Medical Center of Göttingen, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Junhao Huang
- Department of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chunhua Xu
- Department of Recuperation, Lintong Rehabilitation, and Recuperation Center, Xian, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tingyuan Huang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Grace Wen
- University Medical Center of Göttingen, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wenke Cheng
- Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
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Zheng X, Hao X, Li W, Ding Y, Yu T, Wang X, Li S. Dissecting the mediating and moderating effects of depression on the associations between traits and coronary artery disease: A two-step Mendelian randomization and phenome-wide interaction study. Int J Clin Health Psychol 2023; 23:100394. [PMID: 37701760 PMCID: PMC10493261 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2023.100394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Depression is often present concurrently with coronary artery disease (CAD), a disease with which it shares many risk factors. However, the manner in which depression mediates and moderates the association between traits (including biomarkers, anthropometric indicators, lifestyle behaviors, etc.) and CAD is largely unknown. Methods In our causal mediation analyses using two-step Mendelian randomization (MR), univariable MR was first used to investigate the causal effects of 108 traits on liability to depression and CAD. The traits with significant causal effects on both depression and CAD, but not causally modulated by depression, were selected for the second-step analyses. Multivariable MR was used to estimate the direct effects (independent of liability to depression) of these traits on CAD, and the indirect effects (mediated via liability to depression) were calculated. To investigate the moderating effect of depression on the association between 364 traits and CAD, a cross-sectional phenome-wide interaction study (PheWIS) was conducted in a study population from UK Biobank (UKBB) (N=275,257). Additionally, if the relationship between traits and CAD was moderated by both phenotypic and genetically predicted depression at a suggestive level of significance (Pinteraction≤0.05) in the PheWIS, the results were further verified by a cohort study using Cox proportional hazards regression. Results Univariable MR indicated that 10 of 108 traits under investigation were significantly associated with both depression and CAD, which showed a similar direct effect compared to the total effect for most traits. However, the traits "drive faster than speed limit" and "past tobacco smoking" were both exceptions, with the proportions mediated by depression at 24.6% and 7.2%, respectively. In the moderation analyses, suggestive evidence of several traits was found for moderating effects of phenotypic depression or susceptibility to depression, as estimated by polygenic risk score, including chest pain when hurrying, reason of smoking quitting and weight change. Consistent results were observed in survival analyses and Cox regression. Conclusion The independent role of traits in CAD pathogenesis regardless of depression was highlighted in our mediation analyses, and the moderating effects of depression observed in our study may be helpful for CAD risk stratification and optimized allocation of scarce medical resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangying Zheng
- Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xuezeng Hao
- Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Weixin Li
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yining Ding
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xian Wang
- Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Sen Li
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Ye J, Hu Y, Chen X, Yin Z, Yuan X, Huang L, Li K. Association between the weight-adjusted waist index and stroke: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1689. [PMID: 37658310 PMCID: PMC10472709 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16621-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The weight-adjusted waist index (WWI) is a new measure of obesity, and this study aimed to determine the association between the WWI and stroke. METHODS Using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2020 dataset, cross-sectional data from 23,389 participants were analysed. The correlation between the WWI and stroke was investigated through multivariate logistic regression and smoothing curve fitting. Subgroup analysis and interaction tests were also carried out. RESULTS The research involved 23,389 participants, of whom 893 (3.82%) had a stroke. The fully adjusted model revealed a positive correlation between the WWI and stroke [1.25 (1.05, 1.48)]. Individuals who were in the highest quartile of WWI exhibited a 62% higher likelihood of experiencing a stroke than those in the lowest quartile [1.62 (1.06, 2.48)]. Subgroup analysis and interaction tests revealed that this positive correlation was similar in different population settings (all P for interaction > 0.05). CONCLUSION A higher WWI was associated with a higher prevalence of stroke. The results of this study underscore the value of the WWI in stroke prevention and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Ye
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yanjie Hu
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xinrong Chen
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhe Yin
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xingzhu Yuan
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Liping Huang
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ka Li
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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11
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Li B, Hou C, Li L, Li M, Gao S. The associations of adipokines with hypertension in youth with cardiometabolic risk and the mediation role of insulin resistance: The BCAMS study. Hypertens Res 2023; 46:1673-1683. [PMID: 36890271 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-023-01243-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms link obesity and hypertension are not well understood. One possibility is the alterations in adipose-derived adipokines that modulate insulin resistance (IR) and cardiovascular homeostasis. We aimed to assess the associations between hypertension and four adipokine levels in Chinese youth, and to examine to what extent the associations are mediated by IR. We utilized cross-sectional data from the Beijing Children and Adolescents Metabolic Syndrome (BCAMS) Study Cohort (n = 559, mean age = 20.2 years). Plasma leptin, adiponectin, retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) levels were assayed. The relationships between adipokines and hypertension and the possible mediation effect of IR were evaluated. Youth with hypertension have lower adiponectin and higher leptin, FGF21 (all P < 0.001) and RBP4 levels (p = 0.06) compared to their counterparts. Moreover, the co-existence of these two or more adipokine abnormalities in youth leads to a 9-fold increased risk for hypertension (OR: 9.19; 95% CI, 4.01-21.08) compared with these without abnormalities. However, in the fully adjusted and BMI-adjusted analyses, only FGF21 was a significant predictor of hypertension (OR: 2.12; 95% CI, 1.34-3.36). Mediation analysis revealed that the associations between leptin, adiponectin, RBP4 and hypertension are totally mediated by IR (proportion: 63.9%, 65.4%, and 31.6%, respectively), while BMI and IR partly mediated the association between FGF21 and hypertension (proportion: 30.6%, 21.2%). Our findings suggest that dysregulation of adipokines might result in hypertension in youth. Leptin, adiponectin and RBP4 may exert their functions in hypertension through adiposity-related IR, whereas FGF21 might be used as an independent marker of hypertension in youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Department of Endocrinology, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cong Hou
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lianxia Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Endocrinology, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Shan Gao
- Department of endocrinology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Liu Y, Croft KD, Mori TA, Gaspari TA, Kemp-Harper BK, Ward NC. Long-term dietary nitrate supplementation slows the progression of established atherosclerosis in ApoE -/- mice fed a high fat diet. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:1845-1857. [PMID: 36853380 PMCID: PMC10195750 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03127-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Atherosclerosis is associated with a reduction in the bioavailability and/or bioactivity of endogenous nitric oxide (NO). Dietary nitrate has been proposed as an alternate source when endogenous NO production is reduced. Our previous study demonstrated a protective effect of dietary nitrate on the development of atherosclerosis in the apoE-/- mouse model. However most patients do not present clinically until well after the disease is established. The aims of this study were to determine whether chronic dietary nitrate supplementation can prevent or reverse the progression of atherosclerosis after disease is already established, as well as to explore the underlying mechanism of these cardiovascular protective effects. METHODS 60 apoE-/- mice were given a high fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks to allow for the development of atherosclerosis. The mice were then randomized to (i) control group (HFD + 1 mmol/kg/day NaCl), (ii) moderate-dose group (HFD +1 mmol/kg/day NaNO3), or (iii) high-dose group (HFD + 10 mmol/kg/day NaNO3) (20/group) for a further 12 weeks. A group of apoE-/- mice (n = 20) consumed a normal laboratory chow diet for 24 weeks and were included as a reference group. RESULTS Long-term supplementation with high dose nitrate resulted in ~ 50% reduction in plaque lesion area. Collagen expression and smooth muscle accumulation were increased, and lipid deposition and macrophage accumulation were reduced within atherosclerotic plaques of mice supplemented with high dose nitrate. These changes were associated with an increase in nitrite reductase as well as activation of the endogenous eNOS-NO pathway. CONCLUSION Long-term high dose nitrate significantly attenuated the progression of established atherosclerosis in the apoE-/- mice fed a HFD. This appears to be mediated in part through a XOR-dependent reduction of nitrate to NO, as well as enhanced eNOS activation via increased Akt and eNOS phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA Australia
| | - Kevin D. Croft
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA Australia
| | - Trevor A. Mori
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA Australia
| | - Tracey A. Gaspari
- Department of Pharmacology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC Australia
| | - Barbara K. Kemp-Harper
- Department of Pharmacology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC Australia
| | - Natalie C. Ward
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA Australia
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, Medical School, University of Western Australia, G.P.O Box X2213, Perth, WA 6847 Australia
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Vasamsetti SB, Natarajan N, Sadaf S, Florentin J, Dutta P. Regulation of cardiovascular health and disease by visceral adipose tissue-derived metabolic hormones. J Physiol 2023; 601:2099-2120. [PMID: 35661362 PMCID: PMC9722993 DOI: 10.1113/jp282728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is a metabolic organ known to regulate fat mass, and glucose and nutrient homeostasis. VAT is an active endocrine gland that synthesizes and secretes numerous bioactive mediators called 'adipocytokines/adipokines' into systemic circulation. These adipocytokines act on organs of metabolic importance like the liver and skeletal muscle. Multiple preclinical and in vitro studies showed strong evidence of the roles of adipocytokines in the regulation of metabolic disorders like diabetes, obesity and insulin resistance. Adipocytokines, such as adiponectin and omentin, are anti-inflammatory and have been shown to prevent atherogenesis by increasing nitric oxide (NO) production by the endothelium, suppressing endothelium-derived inflammation and decreasing foam cell formation. By inhibiting differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) into osteoblasts, adiponectin and omentin prevent vascular calcification. On the other hand, adipocytokines like leptin and resistin induce inflammation and endothelial dysfunction that leads to vasoconstriction. By promoting VSMC migration and proliferation, extracellular matrix degradation and inflammatory polarization of macrophages, leptin and resistin increase the risk of atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability and rupture. Additionally, the plasma concentrations of these adipocytokines alter in ageing, rendering older humans vulnerable to cardiovascular disease. The disturbances in the normal physiological concentrations of these adipocytokines secreted by VAT under pathological conditions impede the normal functions of various organs and affect cardiovascular health. These adipokines could be used for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathish Babu Vasamsetti
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA 15213
- Pittsburgh VA Medical Center-University Drive, University Drive C, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Niranjana Natarajan
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA 15213
| | - Samreen Sadaf
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA 15213
- Pittsburgh VA Medical Center-University Drive, University Drive C, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan Florentin
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA 15213
| | - Partha Dutta
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA 15213
- Pittsburgh VA Medical Center-University Drive, University Drive C, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, 15213
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, 15213
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Can M, Kocabas M, Yarar Z, Burgucu HÇ, Karaköse M, Yerlikaya FH, Türkmen K, Kulaksızoğlu M, Karakurt F. Evaluation of subclinical atherosclerosis in obese patients with three noninvasive methods: Arterial stiffness, carotid intima-media thickness, and biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2023; 67:e000622. [PMID: 37252704 PMCID: PMC10665069 DOI: 10.20945/2359-3997000000622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Objective In this study, we aimed to evaluate subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with obesity who had cardiovascular disease risk indicators such as arterial stiffness, which is evaluated using pulse wave velocity (PWV), carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), and biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction such as endocan, ADAMTS97, and ADAMTS9. Subjects and methods Sixty obese subjects, including 23 subjects with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 40, 37 subjects with BMI ≥ 30 but < 40, and 60 age-and sex-matched control subjects, were included in our study. Serum endocan, ADAMTS97, and ADAMTS9 levels as well as PWV and CIMT measurements of the subjects in the obese and control groups were performed. Results In the obesity group, PWV levels were significantly higher than they were in the control group and endocan levels were significantly lower than they were in the control group. When we compared the obese group with BMI ≥ 40 and the control group, the BMI ≥ 40 group had significantly higher PWV and CIMT levels than the control group had, whereas endocan, ADAMTS7, and ADAMTS9 levels were similar to those of the control group. When we compared the obese group with BMI ≥ 30 < 40 to the control group, endocan levels were lower in the group with BMI ≥30 < 40, and PWV and CIMT levels were similar to the control group. Conclusion We found that arterial stiffness and CIMT increased in obese patients with BMI ≥ 40 and that increased arterial stiffness was associated with age, systolic blood pressure, and HBA1C. In addition, we found that the endocan levels were lower in obese patients than they were in nonobese control individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Can
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Muş State Hospital, Muş, Turkey,
| | - Muhammet Kocabas
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokat State Hospital, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Zeliha Yarar
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Hatice Çalışkan Burgucu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Melia Karaköse
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | | | - Kültigin Türkmen
- Department of Nephrology, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Kulaksızoğlu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Feridun Karakurt
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
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Binou P, Stergiou A, Kosta O, Tentolouris N, Karathanos VT. Positive contribution of hydroxytyrosol-enriched wheat bread to HbA 1c levels, lipid profile, markers of inflammation and body weight in subjects with overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Eur J Nutr 2023:10.1007/s00394-023-03133-9. [PMID: 37017765 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03133-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to assess the impact of the daily consumption of bread enriched with hydroxytyrosol on HbA1c and blood lipid levels, inflammatory markers and weight loss. METHODS Sixty adults with overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (29 male, 31 female) participated in a 12-week dietary intervention based on the Mediterranean diet and consumed daily 60 g of conventional whole wheat bread (WWB) or whole wheat bread enriched with hydroxytyrosol (HTB). Anthropometric characteristics were measured and venous blood samples were collected at baseline and at the end of the intervention. RESULTS Both groups experienced significant weight loss, body fat and waist circumference decrease (p < 0.001). Nonetheless, a greater body fat mass decrease was observed in the HTB group compared to the WWB group (14.4 ± 1.6 vs 10.2 ± 1.1%, p = 0.038). Significant reductions were also reported in fasting glucose, HbA1c and blood pressure in both groups (p < 0.05). Regarding glucose and HbA1c, greater decreases were observed in the intervention group (101.4 ± 19.9 vs. 123.2 ± 43.4 mg/dL, p = 0.015 and 6.0 ± 0.6 vs. 6.4 ± 0.9%, p = 0.093, respectively). At HTB group, significant reductions in blood lipid, insulin, TNF-αand adiponectin levels (p < 0.05) and a marginally significant reduction in leptin levels (p = 0.081) were also reported. CONCLUSION Enrichment of bread with HT resulted in significant body fat mass reduction and positive effects on fasting glucose, insulin and HbA1c levels. It also contributed to reductions in inflammatory markers and blood lipid levels. Incorporation of HT in staple foods, like bread, may improve their nutritional profile and, in terms of a balanced diet, may contribute to the management of chronic diseases. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was prospectively registered in clinicaltrials.gov (24th May 2021). CLINICALTRIALS gov Identifier: NCT04899791.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiota Binou
- Laboratory of Chemistry-Biochemistry-Physical Chemistry of Foods, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, 70 El. Venizelou Ave, 17671, Athens, Greece
| | - Athena Stergiou
- Laboratory of Chemistry-Biochemistry-Physical Chemistry of Foods, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, 70 El. Venizelou Ave, 17671, Athens, Greece
| | - Ourania Kosta
- 1st Department of Propaedeutic and Internal Medicine, Diabetes Center, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, 75 Mikras Asias Str, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Tentolouris
- 1st Department of Propaedeutic and Internal Medicine, Diabetes Center, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, 75 Mikras Asias Str, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Vaios T Karathanos
- Laboratory of Chemistry-Biochemistry-Physical Chemistry of Foods, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, 70 El. Venizelou Ave, 17671, Athens, Greece.
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Cheng CK, Ding H, Jiang M, Yin H, Gollasch M, Huang Y. Perivascular adipose tissue: Fine-tuner of vascular redox status and inflammation. Redox Biol 2023; 62:102683. [PMID: 36958248 PMCID: PMC10038789 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) refers to the aggregate of adipose tissue surrounding the vasculature, exhibiting the phenotypes of white, beige and brown adipocytes. PVAT has emerged as an active modulator of vascular homeostasis and pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases in addition to its structural role to provide mechanical support to blood vessels. More specifically, PVAT is closely involved in the regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis and inflammation along the vascular tree, through the tight interaction between PVAT and cellular components of the vascular wall. Furthermore, the phenotype-genotype of PVAT at different regions of vasculature varies corresponding to different cardiovascular risks. During ageing and obesity, the cellular proportions and signaling pathways of PVAT vary in favor of cardiovascular pathogenesis by promoting ROS generation and inflammation. Physiological means and drugs that alter PVAT mass, components and signaling may provide new therapeutic insights in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we aim to provide an updated understanding towards PVAT in the context of redox regulation, and to highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting PVAT against cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chak Kwong Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Huanyu Ding
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Minchun Jiang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Huiyong Yin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Maik Gollasch
- Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University Medicine Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 3, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Smooth Muscle Cells from a Rat Model of Obesity and Hyperleptinemia Are Partially Resistant to Leptin-Induced Reactive Oxygen Species Generation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030728. [PMID: 36978976 PMCID: PMC10045401 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of leptin on reactive oxygen species’ (ROS) generation of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) from a rat model of obesity and hyperleptinemia. Obesity and hyperleptinemia were induced in rats by a sucrose-based diet for 24 weeks. ROS generation was detected by using dichloro-dihydrofluorescein (DCF), a fluorescent ROS probe in primary SMCs culture. An increase in plasma leptin and oxidative stress markers was observed in sucrose-fed (SF) rats. At baseline SMCs from SF rats showed a more than twofold increase in fluorescence intensity (FI) compared to that obtained in control (C) cells. When the C cells were treated with 20 ng leptin, the FI increased by about 200%, whereas the leptin-induced FI in the SF cells increased only by 60%. In addition, sucrose feeding increased the levels of p22phox and gp91phox, subunits of Nox as an O2•− source in SMCs. Treatment of cells with leptin significantly increased p22phox and gp91phox levels in C cells and did not affect SF cells. Regarding STAT3 phosphorylation and the content of PTP1B and SOCS3 as protein markers of leptin resistance, they were found to be significantly increased in SF cells. These results suggest that SF aortic SMCs are partially resistant to leptin-induced ROS generation.
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Ofori EK, Adekena CN, Boima V, Asare‐Anane H, Yorke E, Nyarko ENY, Mohammed BN, Quansah E, Jayasinghe SU, Amanquah SD. Serum leptin levels in patients with chronic kidney disease and hypertensive heart disease: An observational cross-sectional study. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1053. [PMID: 36698704 PMCID: PMC9851162 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Adipocytes secrete a peptide hormone called leptin, which plays a crucial role in controlling appetite and energy expenditure. Alterations in leptin concentrations are associated with CKD-related cardiovascular problems such as hypertensive heart disease (HHD). Despite the link, data on the precise function of leptin in people with CKD and HHD is scant. Methods An observational cross-sectional study involving a total of 108 participants (72 CKD patients with HHD and 36 healthy controls). Their demographic and anthropometric information was collected using a standardized questionnaire. Certain clinical measures such as blood pressure and body mass index (BMI) were assessed. Fasting blood samples were analyzed for levels of plasma glucose (FPG), lipids, creatinine, and leptin. Data were analyzed with SPSS v23. Results Leptin, FPG, creatinine and triglyceride levels were all significantly higher in CKD patients with HHD compared to controls (p < 0.01 for all). Furthermore, advanced CKD status (being in stage 5), having a 6-year diagnosis of HHD, being female, having a higher BMI, and elevation in levels of HDL and FPG contributed significantly to the variance in serum leptin levels in the case group (β = 0.37, 0.22, 0.19, 0.18, 0.27, 0.28; p < 0.05 for all). In the control group, the female gender had the biggest unique effect on circulating leptin levels, followed by BMI and eGFR (β = 0.71, 0.34, -0.22; p < 0.01 for all). Conclusion Patients with CKD who also had HHD reported considerably higher circulating leptin levels. Significantly higher blood leptin levels were shown to be associated with CKD stage 5 in the case group. These results are consistent with the role of leptin in the metabolic complexity seen in CKD patients. There needs to be more research into treatments that aim to lower leptin levels in CKD patients with HHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel K. Ofori
- Department of Chemical PathologyUniversity of Ghana Medical SchoolAccraGhana
| | - Christian N. Adekena
- Department of Chemical PathologyUniversity of Ghana Medical SchoolAccraGhana,University of Ghana Medical CenterAccraGhana
| | - Vincent Boima
- Department of Medicine and TherapeuticsUniversity of Ghana Medical SchoolAccraGhana
| | - Henry Asare‐Anane
- Department of Chemical PathologyUniversity of Ghana Medical SchoolAccraGhana
| | - Ernest Yorke
- Department of Medicine and TherapeuticsUniversity of Ghana Medical SchoolAccraGhana
| | - Eric N. Y. Nyarko
- Department of Chemical PathologyUniversity of Ghana Medical SchoolAccraGhana
| | - Bismark N. Mohammed
- Department of Chemical PathologyUniversity of Ghana Medical SchoolAccraGhana
| | | | | | - Seth D. Amanquah
- Department of Chemical PathologyUniversity of Ghana Medical SchoolAccraGhana
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Mohamed AA, Alrohaimi AH, Sayed Abdelgeliel A, Albogami S, Jafri I, Fayad E, Mohamed N, Nassar NA, Adaroas AS, Eldeeb HH, Abdel Halim A, Ramadan A, Elnagar RM, Abdelghafour RAM, Mohamed AY, Mahmoud MO, El-Kasses A, El-Sayed M, Mohammed MA, Alwaleed EA, Mousa S, Abdel Salam S, Abd el salam SM. The Impact of LEP rs7799039 Polymorphism and Obesity on the Severity of Coronavirus Disease-19. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2023; 16:515-522. [PMID: 36852180 PMCID: PMC9961580 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s391869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS SARS-CoV-2 infection has been recorded in 230 countries to date. Obesity has a negative impact on one's quality of life and is one of the main causes of mortality globally. Obesity affects the immune system, making the host more susceptible to infectious infections. Also, obesity commonly provokes the severity of respiratory diseases so the correlation of LEP rs7799039 Polymorphism in corpulent patients with COVID-19 infection was clearly investigated in the current study. METHODS A total of 232 patients were recruited, 116 patients were obese with COVID-19 infection, and 116 patients were non obese COVID-19. Fasting blood glucose test (FBG), hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C), complete blood count (CBC), international normalized ratio (INR), urea, alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), D dimer and C-reactive protein (CRP) were estimated. C.T. scan was performed for each patient, and C.T. severity score was calculated. Genotyping for the leptin rs7799039 SNPs was performed by TaqMan® (Applied Biosystems Step One TM Real-time PCR). RESULTS Regarding LEP polymorphism, all individuals of non-obese groups significantly had the homozygous allele GG (100%), whereas only 56% of obese groups had GG alleles (P = 0.001). The severity scores significantly (P = 0.001) varied regarding LEP polymorphism regarding Rs7799039, where the largest proportion of those with Grade IV had the homozygous allele AA (57.1%). CONCLUSION There was a correlation between the leptin gene allelic discrimination and COVID-19 CT brutality in obese patients. The A allele was considered a risk factor for severity in COVID-19 patients while the G allele contributes to decreasing that risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Ahmed Mohamed
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, National Hepatology & Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdulmohsen H Alrohaimi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Sarah Albogami
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Jafri
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Fayad
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouran Mohamed
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | | | | | - Hala H Eldeeb
- Clinical Pathology Department, Elsahel Teaching Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abdel Halim
- Tropical Medicine Department, National Hepatology & Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Ramadan
- Endemic Medicine Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rehab M Elnagar
- Radiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | | | | | - Maha O Mahmoud
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed El-Kasses
- Radiology Department, Elsahel Teaching Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa El-Sayed
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Mostafa Ahmed Mohammed
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Eman A Alwaleed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Shrook Mousa
- Internal Medicine Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sherief Abdel Salam
- Department of Hepatogastroenterology and Infectious Diseases, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
- Correspondence: Sherief Abdel Salam, Department of Hepatogastroenterology and Infectious Diseases, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt, Email
| | - Soha M Abd el salam
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez University, Suez, Egypt
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20
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Pathophysiology of obesity and its associated diseases. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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21
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Wong SK, Ramli FF, Ali A, Ibrahim N‘I. Genetics of Cholesterol-Related Genes in Metabolic Syndrome: A Review of Current Evidence. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123239. [PMID: 36551995 PMCID: PMC9775320 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) refers to a cluster of metabolic dysregulations, which include insulin resistance, obesity, atherogenic dyslipidemia and hypertension. The complex pathogenesis of MetS encompasses the interplay between environmental and genetic factors. Environmental factors such as excessive nutrients and sedentary lifestyle are modifiable and could be improved by lifestyle modification. However, genetic susceptibility to MetS, a non-modifiable factor, has attracted the attention of researchers, which could act as the basis for future diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy for MetS. Several cholesterol-related genes associated with each characteristic of MetS have been identified, such as apolipoprotein, lipoprotein lipase (LPL), cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) and adiponectin. This review aims to summarize the genetic information of cholesterol-related genes in MetS, which may potentially serve as biomarkers for early prevention and management of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sok Kuan Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Fitri Fareez Ramli
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Clinical Psychopharmacology Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK
| | - Adli Ali
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nurul ‘Izzah Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-39145-9545
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22
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Kozlova EV, Denys ME, Benedum J, Valdez MC, Enriquez D, Bishay AE, Chinthirla BD, Truong E, Krum JM, DiPatrizio NV, Deol P, Martins-Green M, Curras-Collazo MC. Developmental exposure to indoor flame retardants and hypothalamic molecular signatures: Sex-dependent reprogramming of lipid homeostasis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:997304. [PMID: 36277707 PMCID: PMC9580103 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.997304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a class of flame-retardant organohalogen pollutants that act as endocrine/neuroendocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). In humans, exposure to brominated flame retardants (BFR) or other environmentally persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and novel organophosphate flame retardants has been associated with increasing trends of diabetes and metabolic disease. However, the effects of PBDEs on metabolic processes and their associated sex-dependent features are poorly understood. The metabolic-disrupting effects of perinatal exposure to industrial penta-PBDE mixture, DE-71, on male and female progeny of C57BL/6N mouse dams were examined in adulthood. Dams were exposed to environmentally relevant doses of PBDEs daily for 10 weeks (p.o.): 0.1 (L-DE-71) and 0.4 mg/kg/d (H-DE-71) and offspring parameters were compared to corn oil vehicle controls (VEH/CON). The following lipid metabolism indices were measured: plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, adiponectin, leptin, and liver lipids. L-DE-71 female offspring were particularly affected, showing hypercholesterolemia, elevated liver lipids and fasting plasma leptin as compared to same-sex VEH/CON, while L- and H-DE-71 male F1 only showed reduced plasma adiponectin. Using the quantitative Folch method, we found that mean liver lipid content was significantly elevated in L-DE-71 female offspring compared to controls. Oil Red O staining revealed fatty liver in female offspring and dams. General measures of adiposity, body weight, white and brown adipose tissue (BAT), and lean and fat mass were weighed or measured using EchoMRI. DE-71 did not produce abnormal adiposity, but decreased BAT depots in L-DE-71 females and males relative to same-sex VEH/CON. To begin to address potential central mechanisms of deregulated lipid metabolism, we used RT-qPCR to quantitate expression of hypothalamic genes in energy-regulating circuits that control lipid homeostasis. Both doses of DE-71 sex-dependently downregulated hypothalamic expression of Lepr, Stat3, Mc4r, Agrp, Gshr in female offspring while H-DE-71 downregulated Npy in exposed females relative to VEH/CON. In contrast, exposed male offspring displayed upregulated Stat3 and Mc4r. Intestinal barrier integrity was measured using FITC-dextran since it can lead to systemic inflammation that leads to liver damage and metabolic disease, but was not affected by DE-71 exposure. These findings indicate that maternal transfer of PBDEs disproportionately endangers female offspring to lipid metabolic reprogramming that may exaggerate risk for adult metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V. Kozlova
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Maximillian E. Denys
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Jonathan Benedum
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Matthew C. Valdez
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Dave Enriquez
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Anthony E. Bishay
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Bhuvaneswari D. Chinthirla
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Edward Truong
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Julia M. Krum
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Nicholas V. DiPatrizio
- Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Poonamjot Deol
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Manuela Martins-Green
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Margarita C. Curras-Collazo
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
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23
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Evaluation of Circulating MicroRNAs and Adipokines in Breast Cancer Survivors with Arm Lymphedema. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911359. [PMID: 36232660 PMCID: PMC9570352 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) is a form of secondary lymphedema that is characterized by abnormal swelling of one or both arms due to the accumulation of lymph fluid in the interstitial tissue spaces, resulting from obstruction of the lymphatic vessels due to surgery insults, radiotherapy, or chemotherapy. Due to the multifactorial nature of this condition, the pathogenesis of secondary lymphedema remains unclear and the search for molecular factors associated with the condition is ongoing. This study aimed to identify serum microRNAs and adipokines associated with BCRL. Blood was collected from 113 breast cancer survivors and processed to obtain serum for small RNA-sequencing (BCRL vs. non-BCRL, n = 7 per group). MicroRNAs that were differentially expressed (fold change >1.5, p < 0.05) between lymphedema cases and those without lymphedema were further quantified in a validation cohort through quantitative reverse transcription PCR (BCRL n = 16, non-BCRL, n = 83). Leptin and adiponectin levels were measured in a combined cohort (BCRL n = 23, non-BCRL n = 90) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Two of the most significantly upregulated microRNAs, miR-199a-3p and miR-151a-3p, were strongly correlated with the onset of lymphedema and diabetes mellitus in the BCRL group. Leptin levels were higher in the BCRL cohort compared to the non-BCRL cohort (p < 0.05). A metabolic syndrome biomarker, the adiponectin/leptin ratio, was found to be lower in the BCRL group than in the non-BCRL group (median: 0.28 vs. 0.41, p < 0.05). Extensive studies on the mechanisms of the identified microRNAs and association of leptin with arm lymphedema may provide new insights on the potential biomarkers for lymphedema that should be followed up in a prospective cohort study.
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24
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Jones AA, Framnes-DeBoer SN, Shipp A, Arble DM. Caloric restriction prevents obesity- and intermittent hypoxia-induced cardiac remodeling in leptin-deficient ob/ob mice. Front Physiol 2022; 13:963762. [PMID: 36160851 PMCID: PMC9493268 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.963762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Intermittent hypoxia (IH), a key characteristic of obstructive sleep apnea, is independently associated with cardiometabolic impairment. While endogenous leptin levels may provide cardioprotective effects against hypoxia, leptin resistance is common among obese individuals presenting with obstructive sleep apnea. Methods: Here, we assessed left ventricle (LV) function using M-mode echocardiography in lean wild-type, calorically-restricted ob/ob, and obese ob/ob mice before and after 6 days of IH to determine how obesity and intermittent hypoxia interact to affect cardiac function independent of leptin signaling. Results: Calorically-restricting ob/ob mice for 4 weeks prior to IH exposure prevented weight gain (−2.1 ± 1.4 g) compared to free-fed ob/ob mice (8.7 ± 1.1 g). Free-fed ob/ob mice exhibited increased LV mass (0.713 ± 0.008 g) relative to wild-type mice (0.685 ± 0.004 g) and increased posterior wall thickness (0.089 ± 0.006 cm) relative to calorically-restricted ob/ob mice (0.072 ± 0.004 cm). Following 6 days of IH, free-fed ob/ob mice exhibited increases in cardiac output (44.81 ± 2.97 pre-IH vs. 57.14 ± 3.09 ml/min post-IH), LV diameter (0.400 ± 0.007 pre-IH vs. 0.428 ± 0.009 cm post-IH) and end diastolic volume (0.160 ± 0.007 pre-IH vs. 0.195 ± 0.012 ml post-IH) that were not detected in wild-type or calorically-restricted ob/ob mice. Conclusion: Caloric restriction can prevent obesity-induced LV hypertrophy and protect against acute IH-induced cardiac remodeling independent of leptin signaling. These findings may have clinical implications for obstructive sleep apnea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron A. Jones
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | | | - Arianne Shipp
- Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Clearwater, FL, United States
| | - Deanna M. Arble
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- *Correspondence: Deanna M. Arble,
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25
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Clarke SL, Parham M, Lankester J, Shadyab AH, Liu S, Kooperberg C, Manson JE, Tcheandjieu C, Assimes TL. Broad clinical manifestations of polygenic risk for coronary artery disease in the Women's Health Initiative. COMMUNICATIONS MEDICINE 2022; 2:108. [PMID: 36034645 PMCID: PMC9411562 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-022-00171-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The genetic basis for coronary artery disease (CAD) risk is highly complex. Genome-wide polygenic risk scores (PRS) can help to quantify that risk, but the broader impacts of polygenic risk for CAD are not well characterized. Methods We measured polygenic risk for CAD using the meta genomic risk score, a previously validated genome-wide PRS, in a subset of genotyped participants from the Women's Health Initiative and applied a phenome-wide association study framework to assess associations between the PRS and a broad range of blood biomarkers, clinical measurements, and health outcomes. Results Polygenic risk for CAD is associated with a variety of biomarkers, clinical measurements, behaviors, and diagnoses related to traditional risk factors, as well as risk-enhancing factors. Analysis of adjudicated outcomes shows a graded association between atherosclerosis related outcomes, with the highest odds ratios being observed for the most severe manifestations of CAD. We find associations between increased polygenic risk for CAD and decreased risk for incident breast and lung cancer, with replication of the breast cancer finding in an external cohort. Genetic correlation and two-sample Mendelian randomization suggest that breast cancer association is likely due to horizontal pleiotropy, while the association with lung cancer may be causal. Conclusion Polygenic risk for CAD has broad clinical manifestations, reflected in biomarkers, clinical measurements, behaviors, and diagnoses. Some of these associations may represent direct pathways between genetic risk and CAD while others may reflect pleiotropic effects independent of CAD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoa L. Clarke
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Matthew Parham
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Joanna Lankester
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Aladdin H. Shadyab
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Simin Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI USA
| | | | - JoAnn E. Manson
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Catherine Tcheandjieu
- Gladstone Institute, San Francisco, CA USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Themistocles L. Assimes
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA
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26
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Is the Leptin/Adiponectin Ratio a Better Diagnostic Biomarker for Insulin Resistance than Leptin or Adiponectin Alone in Adolescents? CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9081193. [PMID: 36010082 PMCID: PMC9406389 DOI: 10.3390/children9081193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Recently, the leptin/adiponectin (L/A) ratio has been suggested as a novel predictor of cardio-metabolic and other chronic diseases. Aim: To evaluate the ability of leptin (L), adiponectin (A), and the L/A ratio in identifying high risk of insulin resistance IR in adolescents, adjusted by cardiorespiratory fitness, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and body fat percentage. Subjects and methods: This is a cross-sectional analysis with 529 adolescents aged 12−18 years-old. Blood samples were taken to analyze glucose, insulin, leptin, and adiponectin levels. IR (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was estimated from fasting serum insulin and glucose). Results: Adiponectin, leptin, and L/A ratio were accurate to predict IR among adolescents. The optimal L/A cut-off value to indicate risk of IR development was >0.35 in boys and >0.97 in girls. Logistic analyses showed that the suggested cut-off points for adiponectin (girls: OR: 2.87 (1.26−6.53); p = 0.012); leptin (boys: OR: 5.23 (1.16−7.14) p = 0.006; girls: OR: 2.99 (1.10−8.09) p = 0.031), and the L/A ratio (boys: OR: 8.38 (2.6−26.8) p < 0.001; girls: OR: 6.1 (2.1−17.0) p < 0.001), were significant predictors of IR, after adjustments for age, pubertal stage, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, cardiorespiratory fitness, and body fat percentage. Conclusion: Leptin and L/A ratio were associated with IR risk, after adjustments for confounders in both sexes and adiponectin in girls. The L/A ratio seems to have a higher diagnostic accuracy to identify IR risk than adiponectin or leptin, in both sexes.
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Liu J, Lai F, Hou Y, Zheng R. Leptin signaling and leptin resistance. MEDICAL REVIEW (BERLIN, GERMANY) 2022; 2:363-384. [PMID: 37724323 PMCID: PMC10388810 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2022-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
With the prevalence of obesity and associated comorbidities, studies aimed at revealing mechanisms that regulate energy homeostasis have gained increasing interest. In 1994, the cloning of leptin was a milestone in metabolic research. As an adipocytokine, leptin governs food intake and energy homeostasis through leptin receptors (LepR) in the brain. The failure of increased leptin levels to suppress feeding and elevate energy expenditure is referred to as leptin resistance, which encompasses complex pathophysiological processes. Within the brain, LepR-expressing neurons are distributed in hypothalamus and other brain areas, and each population of the LepR-expressing neurons may mediate particular aspects of leptin effects. In LepR-expressing neurons, the binding of leptin to LepR initiates multiple signaling cascades including janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (AKT), extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK), and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling, etc., mediating leptin actions. These findings place leptin at the intersection of metabolic and neuroendocrine regulations, and render leptin a key target for treating obesity and associated comorbidities. This review highlights the main discoveries that shaped the field of leptin for better understanding of the mechanism governing metabolic homeostasis, and guides the development of safe and effective interventions to treat obesity and associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarui Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Futing Lai
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yujia Hou
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruimao Zheng
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience of National Health Commission, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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28
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Diabesity in Elderly Cardiovascular Disease Patients: Mechanisms and Regulators. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147886. [PMID: 35887234 PMCID: PMC9318065 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the world. In 2019, 550 million people were suffering from CVD and 18 million of them died as a result. Most of them had associated risk factors such as high fasting glucose, which caused 134 million deaths, and obesity, which accounted for 5.02 million deaths. Diabesity, a combination of type 2 diabetes and obesity, contributes to cardiac, metabolic, inflammation and neurohumoral changes that determine cardiac dysfunction (diabesity-related cardiomyopathy). Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is distributed around the myocardium, promoting myocardial inflammation and fibrosis, and is associated with an increased risk of heart failure, particularly with preserved systolic function, atrial fibrillation and coronary atherosclerosis. In fact, several hypoglycaemic drugs have demonstrated a volume reduction of EAT and effects on its metabolic and inflammation profile. However, it is necessary to improve knowledge of the diabesity pathophysiologic mechanisms involved in the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases for comprehensive patient management including drugs to optimize glucometabolic control. This review presents the mechanisms of diabesity associated with cardiovascular disease and their therapeutic implications.
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Brazão V, Colato RP, Santello FH, Duarte A, Goulart A, Sampaio PA, Pacheco Silva CB, Tirapelli CR, Costa RM, Tostes RC, do Prado JC. Melatonin regulates antioxidant defense and inflammatory response by activating Nrf2-dependent mechanisms and inhibiting NFkappaB expression in middle-aged T. cruzi infected rats. Exp Gerontol 2022; 167:111895. [PMID: 35843349 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress with higher levels of leptin and inflammatory response are key processes related to pathogenesis of both T. cruzi infection and aging. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) controls the expression of several genes implicated in the oxidative stress response in many pathological conditions. Melatonin is a pleiotropic hormone with, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-aging actions. Then, we hypothesized that Nrf2 response is impaired during the acute T. cruzi (9 days) infection and that melatonin rescues Nrf2 responses. Young (5 weeks-old) and middle-aged (18 months-old) male Wistar rats were infected with T. cruzi. Nrf2 translocation and markers of inflammation and oxidative stress were analyzed in blood and spleen. Increased apoptosis levels and oxidative stress indicators were observed in the rat spleen during T. cruzi infection. These responses were accompanied by decreased Nrf2 expression and increased expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB). Melatonin (5 mg/kg/day; p.o. gavage) attenuated the superoxide anion (O2-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production induced by T. cruzi infection. Increased expressions of catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were detected in the spleen of melatonin-treated rats infected with T. cruzi. Melatonin treatment inhibited the spleen NF-κB activation and downregulates the levels of circulating interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in T. cruzi middle-aged infected rats. Increased levels of the chemokine CXCL1 in middle-aged control rats was observed, confirming that aging alters the production of this chemokine. In T. cruzi infected young animals, CXCL1 was up-regulated when compared to non-infected young ones. For young or middle-aged animals, melatonin treatment had no significant effect on CXCL1 levels. Our findings demonstrate an important role for Nrf2/NF-kB regulation as a possible mechanism by which melatonin attenuates oxidative stress, and provide new insights for further studies of this indoleamine as a therapeutic co-adjuvant agent against T. cruzi infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vânia Brazão
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto (FCFRP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Rafaela Pravato Colato
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto (FCFRP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabricia Helena Santello
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto (FCFRP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Andressa Duarte
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto (FCFRP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Amanda Goulart
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto (FCFRP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Pedro Alexandre Sampaio
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto (FCFRP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Carla B Pacheco Silva
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing and Human Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmacology, College of Nursing of Ribeirão Preto, USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Renato Tirapelli
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing and Human Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmacology, College of Nursing of Ribeirão Preto, USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael M Costa
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil; Special Academic Unit of Health Sciences, Federal University of Jatai, Jatai, GO, Brazil
| | - Rita C Tostes
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - José Clóvis do Prado
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto (FCFRP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Impact of fasting on stress systems and depressive symptoms in patients with major depressive disorder: a cross-sectional study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7642. [PMID: 35538177 PMCID: PMC9091273 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11639-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is frequently associated with poor response to treatment. Common antidepressants target neurotransmission and neuronal plasticity, which require adequate energy supply. As imaging studies indicate disturbances in central energy metabolism, and caloric restriction improves neuroplasticity and impacts mood and cognition, correction of energy status might increase the effectiveness of antidepressant treatments and reduce the psychopathological symptoms of depression. Metabolic parameters, stress hormones, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels were assessed in serum of depressed inpatients (MDD, N = 21) and healthy volunteers (Ctrl, N = 28) before and after a 72 h fasting period during which only water was consumed. Depression severity was assessed by Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI)-2 sum-score and cognitive-affective and somatic sub-scores. Fasting similarly impacted metabolic parameters and stress systems in both groups. Fasting elevated BDI-2 sum-scores and somatic sub-scores in Ctrl. In MDD, fasting increased somatic-, but decreased cognitive-affective symptoms. Sub-group analyses based on BDI-2 sum-scores pre-fasting showed that cognitive-affective symptoms decreased in patients with moderate/severe but not in those with mild symptoms. This was associated with differential changes in BDNF levels. In conclusion, fasting improved cognitive-affective sub-scores in MDD patients with moderate/severe symptoms that had not responded to prior therapy. Interventions that modulate energy metabolism might directly improve cognitive-affective symptoms and/or augment therapeutic efficacy in moderate-to-severely depressed patients.
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Wu O, Leng JH, Zhang X, Liu W, Yang FF, Zhang H, Li JJ, Zhang GZ, Lu X. Controversial culprit of leptin in obesity hypertension: clues from a case-control study with Chinese newly diagnosed adult early-onset obesity hypertensives. Clin Exp Hypertens 2022; 44:495-501. [PMID: 35531968 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2022.2071920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ou Wu
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Jian Hang Leng
- Department of Central Laboratory/Medical Examination Center of Hangzhou, The First People’s Hospital of Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Xingyu Zhang
- Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical CenterThomas E. , Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Wei Liu
- Joinstar Biomedical Technology Co., LTD, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Fen Fang Yang
- Department of Central Laboratory/Medical Examination Center of Hangzhou, The First People’s Hospital of Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Hu Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Affiliated with Medical College of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Jia Jia Li
- Department of Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Guo Zhong Zhang
- Microbiology Laboratory, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Xi Lu
- Hangzhou Vocational and Technical College, Zhejiang, P.R. China
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Corken A, Thakali KM. Maternal Obesity Programming of Perivascular Adipose Tissue and Associated Immune Cells: An Understudied Area With Few Answers and Many Questions. Front Physiol 2022; 12:798987. [PMID: 35126181 PMCID: PMC8815821 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.798987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
At present, the worldwide prevalence of obesity has become alarmingly high with estimates foreshadowing a continued escalation in the future. Furthermore, there is growing evidence attributing an individual’s predisposition for developing obesity to maternal health during gestation. Currently, 60% of pregnancies in the US are to either overweight or obese mothers which in turn contributes to the persistent rise in obesity rates. While obesity itself is problematic, it conveys an increased risk for several diseases such as diabetes, inflammatory disorders, cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Additionally, as we are learning more about the mechanisms underlying CVD, much attention has been brought to the role of perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) in maintaining cardiovascular health. PVAT regulates vascular tone and for a significant number of individuals, obesity elicits PVAT disruption and dysregulation of vascular function. Obesity elicits changes in adipocyte and leukocyte populations within PVAT leading to an inflammatory state which promotes vasoconstriction thereby aiding the onset/progression of CVD. Our current understanding of obesity, PVAT and CVD has only been examined at the individual level without consideration for a maternal programming effect. It is unknown if maternal obesity affects the propensity for PVAT remodeling in the offspring, thereby enhancing the obesity/CVD link, and what role PVAT leukocytes play in this process. This perspective will focus on the maternal contribution of the interplay between obesity, PVAT disruption and CVD and will highlight the leukocyte/PVAT interaction as a novel target to stem the tide of the current obesity epidemic and its secondary health consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Corken
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Keshari M. Thakali
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
- *Correspondence: Keshari M. Thakali,
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Gutierrez AD, Flores CA, Naik S, Lee M, Asgarisabet P, Resman M, Lee M, McCormick JB, Fisher-Hoch SP. Resistin levels decrease as insulin resistance increases in a Mexican-American cohort. Cytokine 2021; 148:155687. [PMID: 34509726 PMCID: PMC10960335 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Links between resistin, insulin resistance (IR), and resistin-stimulated cytokine signaling remain unknown in Mexican-Americans. A Mexican-American cohort was examined to determine (1) relationships between circulating resistin and IR, (2) resistin's associations with cytokines and demographic and anthropometric variables, and (3) similar measurements with other adipokines. METHODS For cross sectional analyses, 953 adults (367 males and 586 females) in the Cameron County Hispanic Cohort (CCHC) were stratified into three groups: normal glucose tolerance, prediabetes, and diabetes mellitus. Differences in resistin and other adipokine levels were examined using linear regression via unadjusted model (Model 1), model adjusted for cytokines (Model 2), and model further adjusted for demographic and anthropometric variables (Model 3). RESULTS HOMA-IR increased with worsening glucose tolerance (p < 0.0001). In all models, resistin significantly decreased as glucose tolerance deteriorated. Model 3 resistin was positively associated with IL-1β (p = 0.0252) and IL-8 (p < 0.0001), inversely associated with TNF-α (p = 0.0352), but nonsignificantly associated with IL-6 (p = 0.8671). Model 3 leptin was significantly lower in diabetes mellitus compared to other groups (p < 0.005) and positively associated with female sex (p < 0.0001), age (p = 0.024), and BMI (p < 0.0001), without significant cytokine associations. Adiponectin displayed no significant associations with glucose tolerance, but was significantly associated with sex, BMI, and lipids (Model 3). CONCLUSIONS Resistin unexpectedly decreased as IR increased while supporting evidence of a resistin-stimulated cytokine pathway in this Mexican-American cohort. Leptin fell with elevated IR after adjusting for cytokines, demographic and anthropometric variables. Adiponectin nonsignificantly decreased as IR increased while showing significant associations with sex, BMI, and lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Absalon D Gutierrez
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Carlos A Flores
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sapna Naik
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - MinJae Lee
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Parisa Asgarisabet
- Department of Management, Policy and Community Health, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Masha Resman
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Miryoung Lee
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Brownsville Regional Campus, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Joseph B McCormick
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Brownsville Regional Campus, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Susan P Fisher-Hoch
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Brownsville Regional Campus, Brownsville, TX, USA
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Strassheim D, Sullivan T, Irwin DC, Gerasimovskaya E, Lahm T, Klemm DJ, Dempsey EC, Stenmark KR, Karoor V. Metabolite G-Protein Coupled Receptors in Cardio-Metabolic Diseases. Cells 2021; 10:3347. [PMID: 34943862 PMCID: PMC8699532 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have originally been described as a family of receptors activated by hormones, neurotransmitters, and other mediators. However, in recent years GPCRs have shown to bind endogenous metabolites, which serve functions other than as signaling mediators. These receptors respond to fatty acids, mono- and disaccharides, amino acids, or various intermediates and products of metabolism, including ketone bodies, lactate, succinate, or bile acids. Given that many of these metabolic processes are dysregulated under pathological conditions, including diabetes, dyslipidemia, and obesity, receptors of endogenous metabolites have also been recognized as potential drug targets to prevent and/or treat metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. This review describes G protein-coupled receptors activated by endogenous metabolites and summarizes their physiological, pathophysiological, and potential pharmacological roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Strassheim
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA; (D.S.); (T.S.); (D.C.I.); (E.G.); (D.J.K.); (E.C.D.); (K.R.S.)
| | - Timothy Sullivan
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA; (D.S.); (T.S.); (D.C.I.); (E.G.); (D.J.K.); (E.C.D.); (K.R.S.)
| | - David C. Irwin
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA; (D.S.); (T.S.); (D.C.I.); (E.G.); (D.J.K.); (E.C.D.); (K.R.S.)
| | - Evgenia Gerasimovskaya
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA; (D.S.); (T.S.); (D.C.I.); (E.G.); (D.J.K.); (E.C.D.); (K.R.S.)
| | - Tim Lahm
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health Denver, Denver, CO 80206, USA;
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Dwight J. Klemm
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA; (D.S.); (T.S.); (D.C.I.); (E.G.); (D.J.K.); (E.C.D.); (K.R.S.)
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Edward C. Dempsey
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA; (D.S.); (T.S.); (D.C.I.); (E.G.); (D.J.K.); (E.C.D.); (K.R.S.)
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kurt R. Stenmark
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA; (D.S.); (T.S.); (D.C.I.); (E.G.); (D.J.K.); (E.C.D.); (K.R.S.)
| | - Vijaya Karoor
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA; (D.S.); (T.S.); (D.C.I.); (E.G.); (D.J.K.); (E.C.D.); (K.R.S.)
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health Denver, Denver, CO 80206, USA;
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Rafaqat S, Rafaqat S, Rafaqat S. Pathophysiological role of major adipokines in Atrial Fibrillation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARRHYTHMIA 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s42444-021-00048-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The adipokines, secreted from adipose tissue or body fats, are also called adipocytokines which are cytokines, cell signaling proteins or cell–cell communication. However, AF is a common cardiac arrhythmia in which the heart beats so fast by abnormal beating and is a serious public health disease associated with increased heart failure, systemic thromboembolism, and death. Adipokines are cardiovascular disease (CVD) mediators or biomarkers that affect the heart as well as blood vessels, by increasing the cardiac contractility and action potential duration, which result in the extent of left ventricular and atrial remodeling.
Main body
Google Scholar, PubMed, and science direct were used to review the literature. Many keywords were used for searching the literature such as Adipokines, Leptin, Apelin, Adiponectin, Omentin-1, Chemerin, CTRP3, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, and AF. According to the literature, much more data are available for numerous adipokines, but this review article only has taken few major adipokines which played their major role in Atrial Fibrillation. The review article did not limit the time frame.
Conclusion
In conclusion, adipokines play a significant role in the development and progress of atrial fibrillation. Also, there are major adipokines such as adiponectin, apelin, C1q/TNF-Related Protein 3 (CTRP3), Chemerin, Omentin-1, interleukin-6, Leptin, TNF-α, resistin, and interleukin-10, which played their pathophysiological role in atrial fibrillation by causing cardiac hypertrophy, increasing the cardiac contractility and action potential duration, atrial fibrosis, electrical and structural remodeling of atrial tissue.
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Changes of omentin-1 and chemerin during 4 weeks of lifestyle intervention and 1 year follow-up in children with obesity. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:5648-5654. [PMID: 34666255 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Data about the influence of short-term lifestyle intervention in children with obesity on long-term follow-up body weight, adipokines and cardiometabolic risk parameters is scarce. METHODS In a subgroup of the LOGIC-trial (Long-term Effects of Lifestyle Intervention in Obesity and Genetic Influence in Children), we assessed anthropometry (BMI, BMI-SDS (Standard Deviation Score), adipokines (omentin-1, chemerin, leptin, adiponectin) and cardiometabolic risk parameters, (e.g. hsCRP) in children with overweight/obesity after 4 weeks of lifestyle intervention (n = 156, 14.0 ± 1.8 yrs) and after one year follow-up (n = 50). Data were compared to normal weight children (JuvenTUM school cohort; n = 152, 13.3 ± 0.7 yrs). RESULTS Short-term lifestyle intervention was associated with a significant reduction in BMI and BMI-SDS (p < 0.001), with significant reductions in hsCRP, leptin, and chemerin levels, and an increase in adiponectin and omentin-1 levels (p < 0.001 for all). After one year follow-up a significant reduction in BMI and BMI-SDS was observed in children from the LOGIC-trial (p < 0.001). Improvements in adiponectin (p = 0.025) and chemerin levels (p = 0.027) were seen in children with clear weight loss success (BMI-SDS reduction ≥ 0.2), whereas children with no or only mild weight loss success showed an increase in leptin levels (p < 0.001). An increase in omentin-1 levels was observed after 1 year independent of weight change (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Effects of short-term weight reduction on mean BMI and BMI-SDS persist over one year. Improvements in omentin-1 levels were independent of short-term or long-term weight loss. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov: LOGIC-trial: NCT01067157, JuvenTUM-trial: NCT00988754.
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Olean-Oliveira T, Figueiredo C, de Poli RAB, Lopes VHF, Jimenez-Maldonado A, Lira FS, Antunes BM. Menstrual cycle impacts adipokine and lipoprotein responses to acute high-intensity intermittent exercise bout. Eur J Appl Physiol 2021; 122:103-112. [PMID: 34564755 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-021-04819-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Due to hormonal fluctuation, the menstrual cycle impacts inflammatory response and lipid metabolism; moreover, the anti-atherogenic and anti-inflammatory effects of exercise in this cycle, mainly high-intensity intermittent exercise (HIIE), need to be examined. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to investigate the influence of menstrual cycle phases on adipokine and lipoprotein responses after acute HIIE sessions in healthy women. Fourteen women (age: 24 ± 2 years; BMI: 22.79 ± 1.89 kg·m2) were recruited to perform two HIIE sessions (10 × 1 min running at 90% of maximum aerobic velocity, with 1 min recovery); one during the follicular phase (FP) and other during the luteal phase (LP), randomly. Blood samples were collected at rest, immediately, and 60 min after HIIE sessions. Macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α), leptin, adiponectin, total cholesterol, triacylglycerol (TAG), HDL-c, and glucose concentrations were analyzed. At rest, higher MIP-1α concentrations were observed during the LP compared to FP (p = 0.017). Likewise, leptin (p = 0.050), LDL-c (p = 0.015), and non-HDL (p = 0.016) were statistically higher in the LP. In contrast, the adiponectin/leptin ratio was lower in the LP compared to the ratio found in the FP (p = 0.032). Immediately post-HIIE sessions, in both menstrual phases, higher TAG (p = 0.001) and HDL-c (p = 0.001) concentrations were found, which returned to resting levels after 60 min. In conclusion, adipokine and lipoprotein responses after a single HIIE session are regulated by the phase of the menstrual cycle, contributing to inflammatory conditions, and demonstrating the importance of considering the phases of the menstrual cycle for the periodization of physical training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Olean-Oliveira
- Post-Graduation Program in Movement Sciences, Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Caique Figueiredo
- Post-Graduation Program in Movement Sciences, Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Araújo Bonetti de Poli
- Laboratory of Physiology and Sport Performance (LAFIDE), Post-Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, School of Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Vithor Hugo Fialho Lopes
- Laboratory of Physiology and Sport Performance (LAFIDE), Post-Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, School of Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Fábio Santos Lira
- Post-Graduation Program in Movement Sciences, Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Barbara Moura Antunes
- Post-Graduation Program in Movement Sciences, Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil. .,Laboratory of Physiology and Sport Performance (LAFIDE), Post-Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, School of Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru, SP, Brazil.
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Althanoon ZA, Mahmood IH. Effect of lisinopril therapy on serum leptin, oxidative stress and C-reactive protein in hypertensive patients. PHARMACIA 2021. [DOI: 10.3897/pharmacia.68.e73140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of essential hypertension through the interaction with elements of the rennin angiotensin aldosterone system is affected by oxidative stress and inflammation. The present study aimed to assess the effects of ACE-Inhibitor, lisinopril, on blood pressure, lipid profiles (total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL and HDL), MDA, and TAS, hsCRP, and serum leptin levels n hypertensive patients. A case control study included 100 newly diagnosed mild to moderate hypertensive patients and another 100 apparently healthy aged and sex matched subjects as controls. The patients were treated with 10 mg lisinopril orally per day for three months’ duration. Venous blood sample was taken to test levels of MDA, GSH and TAS, hsCRP, lipid profiles and leptin in the serum before and after lisinopril therapy for both patients and controls. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were also assessed before and after lisinopril therapy for both patients and controls. In hypertensive patients treated with lisinopril, markers of oxidative stress (MDA, TAS and GSH), high sensitive C-reactive protein and leptin were all found to be decreased significantly after drug treatment (p < 0.01). Lisinopril affectively lowered systolic and diastolic BP values (p < 0.01). A significant decrease in lipid profile (p < 0.01) with a significant increase in HDL-C and TAS levels (p < 0.01) were found in lisinopril treated group in comparison with their values before treatment. Lisinopril may be used as a treatment for high blood pressure, as well as for the insulin resistance, hyperleptinemic, and low-grade inflammatory states that are associated with the disease.
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Dadousis C, Somavilla A, Ilska JJ, Johnsson M, Batista L, Mellanby RJ, Headon D, Gottardo P, Whalen A, Wilson D, Dunn IC, Gorjanc G, Kranis A, Hickey JM. A genome-wide association analysis for body weight at 35 days measured on 137,343 broiler chickens. Genet Sel Evol 2021; 53:70. [PMID: 34496773 PMCID: PMC8424881 DOI: 10.1186/s12711-021-00663-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Body weight (BW) is an economically important trait in the broiler (meat-type chickens) industry. Under the assumption of polygenicity, a "large" number of genes with "small" effects is expected to control BW. To detect such effects, a large sample size is required in genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Our objective was to conduct a GWAS for BW measured at 35 days of age with a large sample size. METHODS The GWAS included 137,343 broilers spanning 15 pedigree generations and 392,295 imputed single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). A false discovery rate of 1% was adopted to account for multiple testing when declaring significant SNPs. A Bayesian ridge regression model was implemented, using AlphaBayes, to estimate the contribution to the total genetic variance of each region harbouring significant SNPs (1 Mb up/downstream) and the combined regions harbouring non-significant SNPs. RESULTS GWAS revealed 25 genomic regions harbouring 96 significant SNPs on 13 Gallus gallus autosomes (GGA1 to 4, 8, 10 to 15, 19 and 27), with the strongest associations on GGA4 at 65.67-66.31 Mb (Galgal4 assembly). The association of these regions points to several strong candidate genes including: (i) growth factors (GGA1, 4, 8, 13 and 14); (ii) leptin receptor overlapping transcript (LEPROT)/leptin receptor (LEPR) locus (GGA8), and the STAT3/STAT5B locus (GGA27), in connection with the JAK/STAT signalling pathway; (iii) T-box gene (TBX3/TBX5) on GGA15 and CHST11 (GGA1), which are both related to heart/skeleton development); and (iv) PLAG1 (GGA2). Combined together, these 25 genomic regions explained ~ 30% of the total genetic variance. The region harbouring significant SNPs that explained the largest portion of the total genetic variance (4.37%) was on GGA4 (~ 65.67-66.31 Mb). CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest GWAS that has been conducted for BW in chicken to date. In spite of the identified regions, which showed a strong association with BW, the high proportion of genetic variance attributed to regions harbouring non-significant SNPs supports the hypothesis that the genetic architecture of BW35 is polygenic and complex. Our results also suggest that a large sample size will be required for future GWAS of BW35.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joanna J. Ilska
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
| | - Martin Johnsson
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lorena Batista
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
| | | | - Denis Headon
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
| | - Paolo Gottardo
- Italian Brown Breeders Association, Loc. Ferlina 204, 37012 Bussolengo, Italy
| | - Andrew Whalen
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
| | - David Wilson
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
| | - Ian C. Dunn
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
| | - Gregor Gorjanc
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
| | - Andreas Kranis
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
- Aviagen Ltd, Midlothian, UK
| | - John M. Hickey
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
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Guo Z, Zhang Y, Liu C, Youn JY, Cai H. Toll-Like Receptor 2 (TLR2) Knockout Abrogates Diabetic and Obese Phenotypes While Restoring Endothelial Function via Inhibition of NOX1. Diabetes 2021; 70:2107-2119. [PMID: 34127487 PMCID: PMC8576422 DOI: 10.2337/db20-0591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated a novel role of bone morphogenic protein 4 (BMP4) in inducing NOX1-dependent endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) uncoupling, endothelial dysfunction, and inflammatory activation in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, how BMP4 activates NOX1 and whether targeting the new mechanistic pathway revealed is effective in preserving endothelial function in T2DM remains unclear. In this study, we observed that BMP4 induced a marked, time-dependent increase in physiological binding between TLR2 and NOX1 in aortic endothelial cells as well as increased binding of TLR2 to NOXO1. In TLR2 knockout (Tlr2 -/-) mice fed high-fat diet, body weight gain was significantly less compared with wild-type (WT) mice both in males and females. The high-fat diet-induced increases in fasting blood glucose levels, as well as in circulating insulin and leptin levels, were absent in Tlr2 -/- mice. High-fat feeding induced increases in overall fat mass, and in fat mass of different pockets were abrogated in Tlr2 -/- mice. Whereas energy intake was similar in high-fat-fed WT and Tlr2 -/- mice, TLR2 deficiency resulted in higher energy expenditure attributable to improved physical activity, which was accompanied by restored skeletal muscle mitochondrial function. In addition, TLR2 deficiency recoupled eNOS, reduced total superoxide production, improved H4B and NO bioavailabilities in aortas, and restored endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation. Collectively, our data strongly indicate that TLR2 plays important roles in the development of metabolic features of T2DM and its related endothelial/vascular dysfunction. Therefore, targeting TLR2 may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for T2DM, obesity, and cardiovascular complications via specific inhibition of NOX1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Guo
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Yixuan Zhang
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Chang Liu
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing
| | - Ji Youn Youn
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Hua Cai
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
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Henning RJ. Obesity and obesity-induced inflammatory disease contribute to atherosclerosis: a review of the pathophysiology and treatment of obesity. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE 2021; 11:504-529. [PMID: 34548951 PMCID: PMC8449192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Two billion people worldwide older than 18 years of age, or approximately 30% of the world population, are overweight or obese. In addition, more than 43 million children under the age of 5 are overweight or obese. Among the population in the United States aged 20 and greater, 32.8 percent are overweight and 39.8 percent are obese. Blacks in the United States have the highest age-adjusted prevalence of obesity (49.6%), followed by Hispanics (44.8%), whites (42.2%) and Asians (17.4%). The impact of being overweight or obese on the US economy exceeds $1.7 trillion dollars, which is equivalent to approximately eight percent of the nation's gross domestic product. Obesity causes chronic inflammation that contributes to atherosclerosis and causes >3.4 million deaths/year. The pathophysiologic mechanisms in obesity that contribute to inflammation and atherosclerosis include activation of adipokines/cytokines and increases in aldosterone in the circulation. The adipokines leptin, resistin, IL-6, and monocyte chemoattractant protein activate and chemoattract monocytes/macrophages into adipose tissue that promote visceral adipose and systemic tissue inflammation, oxidative stress, abnormal lipid metabolism, insulin resistance, endothelial dysfunction, and hypercoagulability that contribute to atherosclerosis. In addition in obesity, the adipokines/cytokines IL-1β, IL-18, and TNF are activated and cause endothelial cell dysfunction and hyperpermeability of vascular endothelial junctions. Increased aldosterone in the circulation not only expands the blood volume but also promotes platelet aggregation, vascular endothelial dysfunction, thrombosis, and fibrosis. In order to reduce obesity and obesity-induced inflammation, therapies including diet, medications, and bariatric surgery are discussed that should be considered in patients with BMIs>35-40 kg/m2 if diet and lifestyle interventions fail to achieve weight loss. In addition, antihypertensive therapy, plasma lipid reduction and glucose lowering therapy should be prescribed in obese patients with hypertension, a 10-year CVD risk >7.5%, or prediabetes or diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Henning
- James A. Haley Hospital, University of South Florida Tampa, Florida 33612-3805, USA
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Para I, Albu A, Porojan MD. Adipokines and Arterial Stiffness in Obesity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 57:medicina57070653. [PMID: 34202323 PMCID: PMC8305474 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57070653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Adipokines are active molecules with pleiotropic effects produced by adipose tissue and involved in obesity-related metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Arterial stiffness, which is a consequence of arteriosclerosis, has been shown to be an independent predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The pathogenesis of arterial stiffness is complex but incompletely understood. Adipokines dysregulation may induce, by various mechanisms, vascular inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and vascular remodeling, leading to increased arterial stiffness. This article summarizes literature data regarding adipokine-related pathogenetic mechanisms involved in the development of arterial stiffness, particularly in obesity, as well as the results of clinical and epidemiological studies which investigated the relationship between adipokines and arterial stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Para
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Adriana Albu
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Correspondence:
| | - Mihai D. Porojan
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
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Keshavarz H, Meints LM, Geiger MK, R Zinn K, Spence DM. Specific Binding of Leptin to Red Blood Cells Delivers a Pancreatic Hormone and Stimulates ATP Release. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:2438-2447. [PMID: 33939443 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Since its discovery in 1994, leptin continues to have new potential physiological roles uncovered, including a role in the regulation of blood flow. Leptin's role in regulating blood flow is not completely understood. Red blood cell (RBC)-derived ATP is a recognized stimulus of blood flow, and multiple studies suggest that C-peptide, a hormone secreted in equimolar amounts with insulin from the pancreatic β-cells, can stimulate that release when delivered by albumin and in combination with Zn2+. Here, we report leptin delivers C-peptide and Zn2+ to RBCs in a saturable and specific manner. We labeled leptin with technetium-99 m (99mTc) to perform binding studies while using albumin to block the specific binding of 99mTc-leptin in the presence or absence of C-peptide. Our results suggest that leptin has a saturable and specific binding site on the RBC ((Kd = 1.79 ± 0.46) × 10-7 M) that is statistically equal to the binding affinity in the presence of 20 nM C-peptide ((Kd = 2.05 ± 0.20) × 10-7 M). While the binding affinity between leptin and the RBC did not change with C-peptide, the moles of bound leptin did increase with C-peptide, suggesting a separate binding site on the cell for a leptin/C-peptide complex. The RBC-derived ATP increased in the presence of a leptin/C-peptide/Zn2+ addition, in a concentration-dependent manner. Control RBCs ATP release increased (71 ± 5.6%) in the presence of C-peptide and Zn2+, which increased further to (94 ± 5.6%) in the presence of Zn2+, C-peptide, and leptin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamideh Keshavarz
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Lisa M Meints
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States.,Institute for Quantitative Health Science & Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Morgan K Geiger
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Kurt R Zinn
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science & Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Dana M Spence
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science & Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
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Kaze AD, Musani SK, Bidulescu A, Joseph JJ, Correa A, Ndumele CE, Bertoni AG, Ahima RS, Golden SH, Echouffo-Tcheugui JB. Plasma adipokines and glycaemic progression among African Americans: Findings from the Jackson Heart Study. Diabet Med 2021; 38:e14465. [PMID: 33236370 PMCID: PMC9023067 DOI: 10.1111/dme.14465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the association between plasma biomarkers including leptin, adiponectin, adiponectin-to-leptin ratio and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) with risk of glycaemic progression and incident dysglycaemia (pre-diabetes or diabetes) in a community-based sample of African American (AAs). METHODS We analysed data from 3223 participants without type 2 diabetes at baseline (2000-2004) who attended ≥1 follow-up visit. Poisson regression was used to generate risk ratios (RRs) for glycaemic progression and incident dysglycaemia. RESULTS Over a median of 7 years, 46.4% developed glycaemic progression (n=1495). After adjusting for demographic and lifestyle variables, the RRs (95% CI) for glycaemic progression comparing highest (Q4) to lowest (Q1) quartiles were 1.30 (1.10-1.54), 0.74 (0.65-0.84), 0.70 (0.62-0.80) and 1.22 (1.07-1.38) for leptin, adiponectin, adiponectin-leptin ratio and hsCRP, respectively. Upon additional adjustment for BMI, the corresponding RRs (95% CIs) were 1.15 (0.94-1.42), 0.76 (0.67-0.86), 0.72 (0.62-0.84) and 1.14 (0.99-1.31) respectively. Among participants with normal glycaemia, the RRs (95% CIs) for incident pre-diabetes in Q4 vs Q1 were 1.37 (1.13-1.67), 0.73 (0.63-0.85), 0.70 (0.59-0.82) and 1.28 (1.10-1.48) for leptin, adiponectin, adiponectin-leptin ratio and hsCRP, respectively; equivalent RRs for incident diabetes were 5.15 (2.63-10.10), 0.36 (0.20-0.68), 0.21 (0.12-0.38) and 3.04 (1.70-5.44), respectively. CONCLUSIONS In this large community-based cohort of AAs, our results suggest that high plasma leptin and hsCRP, as well as low adiponectin and adiponectin-to-leptin ratio, are associated with higher risks of glycaemic progression. The findings point to the potential utility of these biomarkers in predicting and preventing glycaemic progression in this high-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud D. Kaze
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Solomon K. Musani
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, USA
| | - Aurelian Bidulescu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Public Health, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Joshua J. Joseph
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Adolfo Correa
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, USA
| | - Chiadi E. Ndumele
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alain G. Bertoni
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Rexford S. Ahima
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, USA
| | - Sherita H. Golden
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Welch Prevention Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Justin B. Echouffo-Tcheugui
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Welch Prevention Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Li Q, Fang X, Chen H, Han Y, Liu R, Wu W, Gao H. Retarding effect of dietary fibers from bamboo shoot (Phyllostachys edulis) in hyperlipidemic rats induced by a high-fat diet. Food Funct 2021; 12:4696-4706. [PMID: 33929470 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02407d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The effects of the administration of bamboo shoot (Phyllostachys edulis) dietary fiber (BSDF) on high-fat diet (HDF) induced hyperlipidemia were studied with SD rat models. The results indicated that the body weight of rats and the mass of their adipose tissue were significantly (P < 0.05) decreased after the combination treatment of soluble dietary fiber (SDF) and insoluble dietary fiber (IDF). The levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly (P < 0.05) decreased by 30.20%, 53.28% and 35.63%, respectively, compared to those of the model group. The levels of serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, leptin, and insulin-like growth factor-1 of the SDF + IDF group were also significantly lower than those of the HDF model group (P < 0.05). Additionally, the perirenal fat percentage and body fat percentage in the SDF + IDF group were reduced by 31.61% and 25.09%, respectively. IDF exhibited better hypolipidemic ability than SDF in HFD induced rats at the same dose, while SDF and IDF showed a synergistic hyperlipidemia prevention effect. The mRNA expression levels of lipid synthesis genes SREBP-1c and FAS were significantly down-regulated by SDF + IDF treatment (P < 0.05). These results suggested that BSDF composed of IDF and SDF, with potential hypolipidemic effects, could be used in the production of health-beneficial food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Food Science Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
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Kaze AD, Musani SK, Bidulescu A, Correa A, Bertoni AG, Ahima RS, Golden SH, Abdalla M, Echouffo-Tcheugui JB. Plasma Leptin and Blood Pressure Progression in Blacks: The Jackson Heart Study. Hypertension 2021; 77:1069-1075. [PMID: 33641359 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.16174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud D Kaze
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore (A.D.K.)
| | - Solomon K Musani
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (S.K.M., A.C.)
| | - Aurelian Bidulescu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Public Health, Bloomington (A.B.)
| | - Adolfo Correa
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (S.K.M., A.C.)
| | - Alain G Bertoni
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (A.G.B.)
| | - Rexford S Ahima
- From the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (R.S.A., S.H.G., J.B.E.-T.)
| | - Sherita H Golden
- From the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (R.S.A., S.H.G., J.B.E.-T.)
- Welch Prevention Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (S.H.G., J.B.E.-T.)
| | - Marwah Abdalla
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, NY (M.A.)
| | - Justin B Echouffo-Tcheugui
- From the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (R.S.A., S.H.G., J.B.E.-T.)
- Welch Prevention Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (S.H.G., J.B.E.-T.)
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Maternal high-fat-diet exposure is associated with elevated blood pressure and sustained increased leptin levels through epigenetic memory in offspring. Sci Rep 2021; 11:316. [PMID: 33431976 PMCID: PMC7801715 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79604-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal metabolism dysregulation during pregnancy predisposes offspring to major diseases, including hypertension, in later life, but the mechanism involved remains to be fully elucidated. A high-fat-diet (HFD) pregnant rat model was used to investigate whether excessive intrauterine lipid exposure was associated with elevated blood pressure in offspring and increased levels of leptin, an important biomarker and mediator of vascular dysfunction and hypertension. We found that gestational hyperlipidemia predisposed offspring to blood pressure elevation and sustained increases in leptin levels with no difference in body weight in the rat model. Increased leptin expression and leptin promoter hypomethylation were found in adipose tissues of HFD-exposed offspring. The treatment of mesenchymal stem cells with free fatty acids during adipogenic differentiation resulted in increased leptin expression, accompanied by leptin promoter hypomethylation. In addition, we also followed up 121 children to evaluate the association between maternal triglyceride levels and offspring blood pressure. Consistent with the animal study results, we observed elevated serum leptin levels and blood pressure in the offspring born to women with gestational hypertriglyceridemia. Our findings provide new insights that maternal hyperlipidemia is associated with elevated blood pressure in offspring and is associated with increases in leptin levels through epigenetic memory.
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Dessie G, Ayelign B, Akalu Y, Shibabaw T, Molla MD. Effect of Leptin on Chronic Inflammatory Disorders: Insights to Therapeutic Target to Prevent Further Cardiovascular Complication. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:3307-3322. [PMID: 34305402 PMCID: PMC8296717 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s321311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In response to obesity-associated chronic inflammatory disorders, adipose tissue releases a biologically active peptide known as leptin. Leptin activates the secretion of chemical mediators, which contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and psoriasis. Conversely, adiposity and obesity are the major aggravating risk factors in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome (MetS), including type II diabetes mellitus and obesity-associated hypertension. Elevated level of leptin in obesity-associated hypertension causes an increase in the production of aldosterone, which also results in elevation of arterial blood pressure. Hyperleptinemia is associated with the progress of the atherosclerosis through secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, like interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), IL-17, and other cytokines to promote inflammation. The release of those cytokines leads to chronic inflammatory disorders and obesity-associated MetS. Thus, the aberrant leptin level in both MetS and chronic inflammatory disorders also leads to the complication of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Therapeutic target of leptin regarding its pro-inflammatory effect and dysregulated sympathetic nervous system activity may prevent further cardiovascular complication. This review mainly assesses the mechanism of leptin on the pathogenesis and further cardiovascular risk complication of chronic inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gashaw Dessie
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
- Correspondence: Gashaw Dessie Tel +251 975152796 Email
| | - Birhanu Ayelign
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Yonas Akalu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Tewodros Shibabaw
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Meseret Derbew Molla
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Kang KW, Ok M, Lee SK. Leptin as a Key between Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease. J Obes Metab Syndr 2020; 29:248-259. [PMID: 33342767 PMCID: PMC7789022 DOI: 10.7570/jomes20120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity increases the risk of cardiovascular disease through various influencing factors. Leptin, which is predominantly secreted by adipose tissue, regulates satiety homeostasis and energy balance, and influences cardiovascular functions directly and indirectly. Leptin appears to play a role in heart protection in leptin-deficient and leptin-receptor-deficient rodent model experiments. Hyperleptinemia or leptin resistance in human obesity influences the vascular endothelium, cardiovascular structure and functions, inflammation, and sympathetic activity, which may lead to cardiovascular disease. Leptin is involved in many processes, including signal transduction, vascular endothelial function, and cardiac structural remodeling. However, the dual (positive and negative) regulator effect of leptin and its receptor on cardiovascular disease has not been completely understood. The protective role of leptin signaling in cardiovascular disease could be a promising target for cardiovascular disease prevention in obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Woon Kang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Minho Ok
- Department of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Mokpo National University, Mokpo, Korea
| | - Seong-Kyu Lee
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Daejeon, Korea.,Department of Biochemistry-Molecular Biology, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
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Improving gait efficiency to increase movement and physical activity - The impact of abnormal gait patterns and strategies to correct. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 64:83-87. [PMID: 33359569 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Increasing daily steps is important to maintain health and prevent both initial and subsequent cardiovascular (CV) disease (CVD) events. Even 5000 steps have been associated with reduced risk of CVD, however many adults and those with CVD walk fewer than 5000 daily steps. Reduced gait speed is a precursor to decreased physical engagement and is associated with biomarker changes linked to higher risk of CVD. Gait speed is decreased in those with CVD, which may be from changes in biomechanics including reduced step length and increased gait variability. Changes in gait and daily steps are often most discernable post-stroke, which may be from limitations of the CV system in meeting the metabolic demands of walking and the nervous system in exciting motoneuron pools to generate muscle force. This leads to gait asymmetries and decreased speed. Information regarding the effects of rehabilitation interventions (e.g., physical therapy) to increase physical activity (PA) in stroke survivors is limited. Current interventions include high intensity gait training and ischemic conditioning to improve walking speed and fatigability. Given the potential benefits of increased PA and daily steps following stroke, there is a need for more research investigating optimal dosage of daily steps and interventions to improve PA.
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