1
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Abolfazli S, Butler AE, Kesharwani P, Sahebkar A. The beneficial impact of curcumin on cardiac lipotoxicity. J Pharm Pharmacol 2024:rgae102. [PMID: 39180454 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgae102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
Lipotoxicity is defined as a prolonged metabolic imbalance of lipids that results in ectopic fat distribution in peripheral organs such as the liver, heart, and kidney. The harmful consequences of excessive lipid accumulation in cardiomyocytes cause cardiac lipotoxicity, which alters the structure and function of the heart. Obesity and diabetes are linked to lipotoxic cardiomyopathy. These anomalies might be caused by a harmful metabolic shift that accumulates toxic lipids and shifts glucose oxidation to less fatty acid oxidation. Research has linked fatty acids, fatty acyl coenzyme A, diacylglycerol, and ceramide to lipotoxic stress in cells. This stress can be brought on by apoptosis, impaired insulin signaling, endoplasmic reticulum stress, protein kinase C activation, p38 Ras-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation, or modification of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) family members. Curcuma longa is used to extract curcumin, a hydrophobic polyphenol derivative with a variety of pharmacological characteristics. Throughout the years, curcumin has been utilized as an anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, anti-diabetic, and anti-obesity drug. Curcumin reduces cardiac lipotoxicity by inhibiting apoptosis and decreasing the expression of apoptosis-related proteins, reducing the expression of inflammatory cytokines, activating the autophagy signaling pathway, and inhibiting the expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress marker proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Abolfazli
- Student Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University Medical Science, Sari, Iran
| | - Alexandra E Butler
- Research Department, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Bahrain, Adliya, Bahrain
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Wang H, Shen M, Shu X, Guo B, Jia T, Feng J, Lu Z, Chen Y, Lin J, Liu Y, Zhang J, Zhang X, Sun D. Cardiac Metabolism, Reprogramming, and Diseases. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2024; 17:71-84. [PMID: 37668897 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-023-10432-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) account for the largest bulk of deaths worldwide, posing a massive burden on societies and the global healthcare system. Besides, the incidence and prevalence of these diseases are on the rise, demanding imminent action to revert this trend. Cardiovascular pathogenesis harbors a variety of molecular and cellular mechanisms among which dysregulated metabolism is of significant importance and may even proceed other mechanisms. The healthy heart metabolism primarily relies on fatty acids for the ultimate production of energy through oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria. Other metabolites such as glucose, amino acids, and ketone bodies come next. Under pathological conditions, there is a shift in metabolic pathways and the preference of metabolites, termed metabolic remodeling or reprogramming. In this review, we aim to summarize cardiovascular metabolism and remodeling in different subsets of CVD to come up with a new paradigm for understanding and treatment of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichang Wang
- Heart Hospital, Xi'an International Medical Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Min Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaofei Shu
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Baolin Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tengfei Jia
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiaxu Feng
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zuocheng Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanyan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jie Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiye Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Institute for Hospital Management Research, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Dongdong Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.
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3
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Ray PK, Shabana K, Salahuddin, Kumar R. Synthetic Strategies of Thiazolidine-2,4-dione Derivatives for the Development of New Anti-diabetic Agents: Compressive Review. Curr Top Med Chem 2024; 24:885-928. [PMID: 38500288 DOI: 10.2174/0115680266284283240304071648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thiazolidine-2,4-dione (2,4-TZD) is a flexible pharmacophore and a privileged platform and contains a five-membered ring with a 2-oxygen atom with double bond 2,4- position and one nitrogen atom as well as sulphur containing in the heterocyclic compound. A famous electron-rich nitrogen transporter combines invigorating electronic properties with the prospective for elemental applications. Thiazolidine-2,4-dione analogues have been synthesized using a variety of methods, all of which have shown to have a strong biological effect. OBJECTIVES The study of the biological activity of Thiazolidine-2,4-dione derivatives has been a fascinating field of pharmaceutical chemistry and has many purposes. This derivative described in the literature between 1995 to 2023 was the focus of this study. Thiazolidine-2,4-diones have been discussed in terms of their introduction, general method, synthetic scheme and antidiabetic significance in the current review. CONCLUSION Thiazolidine-2,4-diones are well-known heterocyclic compounds. The synthesis of Thiazolidine-2,4-diones has been described using a variety of methods. Antidiabetic activity has been discovered in several Thiazolidine-2,4-dione derivatives, which enhance further research. The use of Thiazolidine-2,4-diones to treat antidiabetics has piqued researchers' interest in learning more about thiazolidine-2,4-diones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushkar Kumar Ray
- Department of Pharmacy, Harlal Institute of Management and Technology (HIMT), Plot no-8, Knowledge Park-1, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India
| | - Km Shabana
- Department of Pharmacy, Harlal Institute of Management and Technology (HIMT), Plot no-8, Knowledge Park-1, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India
| | - Salahuddin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology (Pharmacy Institute), Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201306, India
| | - Rajnish Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology (Pharmacy Institute), Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201306, India
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4
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Maurya SK, Carley AN, Maurya CK, Lewandowski ED. Western Diet Causes Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction and Metabolic Shifts After Diastolic Dysfunction and Novel Cardiac Lipid Derangements. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2023; 8:422-435. [PMID: 37138801 PMCID: PMC10149654 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2022.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Western diet (WD) impairs glucose tolerance and cardiac lipid dynamics, preceding heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) in mice. Unlike diabetic db/db mice with high cardiac triglyceride (TG) and rapid TG turnover, WD mice had high TG but slowed turnover, reducing lipolytic PPAR⍺ activation. WD deranged cardiac TG dynamics by imbalancing synthesis and lipolysis, with low cardiac TG lipase (ATGL), low ATGL co-activator, and high ATGL inhibitory peptide. By 24 weeks of WD, hearts shifted from diastolic dysfunction to diastolic dysfunction with HFrEF with decreases in GLUT4 and exogenous glucose oxidation and elevated β-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase 1 without increasing ketone oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh K. Maurya
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Andrew N. Carley
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Chandan K. Maurya
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - E. Douglas Lewandowski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Alhajri N, Rustom M, Adegbile A, Ahmed W, Kilidar S, Afify N. Deciphering the Basis of Molecular Biology of Selected Cardiovascular Diseases: A View on Network Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911421. [PMID: 36232723 PMCID: PMC9569471 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death across the world. For decades, researchers have been studying the causes of cardiovascular disease, yet many of them remain undiscovered or poorly understood. Network medicine is a recently expanding, integrative field that attempts to elucidate this issue by conceiving of disease as the result of disruptive links between multiple interconnected biological components. Still in its nascent stages, this revolutionary application of network science facilitated a number of important discoveries in complex disease mechanisms. As methodologies become more advanced, network medicine harbors the potential to expound on the molecular and genetic complexities of disease to differentiate how these intricacies govern disease manifestations, prognosis, and therapy. This is of paramount importance for confronting the incredible challenges of current and future cardiovascular disease research. In this review, we summarize the principal molecular and genetic mechanisms of common cardiac pathophysiologies as well as discuss the existing knowledge on therapeutic strategies to prevent, halt, or reverse these pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noora Alhajri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi (CCAD), Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 112412, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence:
| | - Mohammad Rustom
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Adedayo Adegbile
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Weshah Ahmed
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Salsabeel Kilidar
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City SSMC, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 11001, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nariman Afify
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
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6
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Oluwadare J, Cabodevilla AG, Son NH, Hu Y, Mullick AE, Verano M, Alemán JO, Ramasamy R, Goldberg IJ. Blocking Lipid Uptake Pathways Does not Prevent Toxicity in Adipose Triglyceride Lipase (ATGL) Deficiency. J Lipid Res 2022; 63:100274. [PMID: 36115595 PMCID: PMC9618837 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2022.100274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid accumulation in nonadipose tissues can cause lipotoxicity, leading to cell death and severe organ dysfunction. Adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) deficiency causes human neutral lipid storage disease and leads to cardiomyopathy; ATGL deficiency has no current treatment. One possible approach to alleviate this disorder has been to alter the diet and reduce the supply of dietary lipids and, hence, myocardial lipid uptake. However, in this study, when we supplied cardiac Atgl KO mice a low- or high-fat diet, we found that heart lipid accumulation, heart dysfunction, and death were not altered. We next deleted lipid uptake pathways in the ATGL-deficient mice through the generation of double KO mice also deficient in either cardiac lipoprotein lipase or cluster of differentiation 36, which is involved in an lipoprotein lipase-independent pathway for FA uptake in the heart. We show that neither deletion ameliorated ATGL-deficient heart dysfunction. Similarly, we determined that non-lipid-containing media did not prevent lipid accumulation by cultured myocytes; rather, the cells switched to increased de novo FA synthesis. Thus, we conclude that pathological storage of lipids in ATGL deficiency cannot be corrected by reducing heart lipid uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jide Oluwadare
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ainara G. Cabodevilla
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ni-Huiping Son
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yunying Hu
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adam E. Mullick
- Cardiovascular Drug Discovery, Ionis Pharmaceuticals Inc., Carlsbad, CA, USA
| | - Michael Verano
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jose O. Alemán
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ravichandran Ramasamy
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ira J. Goldberg
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA,For correspondence: Ira J. Goldberg
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7
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Zhao M, Wei H, Li C, Zhan R, Liu C, Gao J, Yi Y, Cui X, Shan W, Ji L, Pan B, Cheng S, Song M, Sun H, Jiang H, Cai J, Garcia-Barrio MT, Chen YE, Meng X, Dong E, Wang DW, Zheng L. Gut microbiota production of trimethyl-5-aminovaleric acid reduces fatty acid oxidation and accelerates cardiac hypertrophy. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1757. [PMID: 35365608 PMCID: PMC8976029 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29060-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies found intestinal microbiota alterations which are thought to affect the development of various diseases through the production of gut-derived metabolites. However, the specific metabolites and their pathophysiological contribution to cardiac hypertrophy or heart failure progression still remain unclear. N,N,N-trimethyl-5-aminovaleric acid (TMAVA), derived from trimethyllysine through the gut microbiota, was elevated with gradually increased risk of cardiac mortality and transplantation in a prospective heart failure cohort (n = 1647). TMAVA treatment aggravated cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction in high-fat diet-fed mice. Decreased fatty acid oxidation (FAO) is a hallmark of metabolic reprogramming in the diseased heart and contributes to impaired myocardial energetics and contractile dysfunction. Proteomics uncovered that TMAVA disturbed cardiac energy metabolism, leading to inhibition of FAO and myocardial lipid accumulation. TMAVA treatment altered mitochondrial ultrastructure, respiration and FAO and inhibited carnitine metabolism. Mice with γ-butyrobetaine hydroxylase (BBOX) deficiency displayed a similar cardiac hypertrophy phenotype, indicating that TMAVA functions through BBOX. Finally, exogenous carnitine supplementation reversed TMAVA induced cardiac hypertrophy. These data suggest that the gut microbiota-derived TMAVA is a key determinant for the development of cardiac hypertrophy through inhibition of carnitine synthesis and subsequent FAO. Intestinal microbiota alterations may affect heart function through the production of gut-derived metabolites. Here the authors found that gut microbiota-derived TMAVA is a key determinant for the development of cardiac hypertrophy through inhibition of carnitine synthesis and subsequent fatty acid oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Zhao
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Haoran Wei
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Chenze Li
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Rui Zhan
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Changjie Liu
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jianing Gao
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yaodong Yi
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Metabolism, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiao Cui
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenxin Shan
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Liang Ji
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Bing Pan
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Si Cheng
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, The Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Moshi Song
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Haipeng Sun
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Huidi Jiang
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Metabolism, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jun Cai
- Fuwai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Minerva T Garcia-Barrio
- Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Y Eugene Chen
- Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Xiangbao Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Erdan Dong
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Lemin Zheng
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China. .,Beijing Tiantan Hospital, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, The Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
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8
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Yamamoto T, Sano M. Deranged Myocardial Fatty Acid Metabolism in Heart Failure. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:996. [PMID: 35055179 PMCID: PMC8779056 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The heart requires fatty acids to maintain its activity. Various mechanisms regulate myocardial fatty acid metabolism, such as energy production using fatty acids as fuel, for which it is known that coordinated control of fatty acid uptake, β-oxidation, and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation steps are important for efficient adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production without unwanted side effects. The fatty acids taken up by cardiomyocytes are not only used as substrates for energy production but also for the synthesis of triglycerides and the replacement reaction of fatty acid chains in cell membrane phospholipids. Alterations in fatty acid metabolism affect the structure and function of the heart. Recently, breakthrough studies have focused on the key transcription factors that regulate fatty acid metabolism in cardiomyocytes and the signaling systems that modify their functions. In this article, we reviewed the latest research on the role of fatty acid metabolism in the pathogenesis of heart failure and provide an outlook on future challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Motoaki Sano
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan;
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9
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Peng ML, Fu Y, Wu CW, Zhang Y, Ren H, Zhou SS. Signaling Pathways Related to Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:907757. [PMID: 35784531 PMCID: PMC9240190 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.907757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease that is increasing in prevalence and causes many complications. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a complication of diabetes that is associated with high mortality, but it is not well defined. Nevertheless, it is generally accepted that DCM refers to a clinical disease that occurs in patients with diabetes and involves ventricular dysfunction, in the absence of other cardiovascular diseases, such as coronary atherosclerotic heart disease, hypertension, or valvular heart disease. However, it is currently uncertain whether the pathogenesis of DCM is directly attributable to metabolic dysfunction or secondary to diabetic microangiopathy. Oxidative stress (OS) is considered to be a key component of its pathogenesis. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cardiomyocytes is a vicious circle, resulting in further production of ROS, mitochondrial DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, and the post-translational modification of proteins, as well as inflammation, cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, ultimately leading to cell death and cardiac dysfunction. ROS have been shown to affect various signaling pathways involved in the development of DCM. For instance, OS causes metabolic disorders by affecting the regulation of PPARα, AMPK/mTOR, and SIRT3/FOXO3a. Furthermore, OS participates in inflammation mediated by the NF-κB pathway, NLRP3 inflammasome, and the TLR4 pathway. OS also promotes TGF-β-, Rho-ROCK-, and Notch-mediated cardiac remodeling, and is involved in the regulation of calcium homeostasis, which impairs ATP production and causes ROS overproduction. In this review, we summarize the signaling pathways that link OS to DCM, with the intention of identifying appropriate targets and new antioxidant therapies for DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-ling Peng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yu Fu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chu-wen Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hang Ren
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shan-shan Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Shan-shan Zhou,
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10
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Hwang S, Chung KW. Targeting fatty acid metabolism for fibrotic disorders. Arch Pharm Res 2021; 44:839-856. [PMID: 34664210 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-021-01352-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis is defined by abnormal accumulation of extracellular matrix, which can affect virtually every organ system under diseased conditions. Fibrotic tissue remodeling often leads to organ dysfunction and is highly associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The disease burden caused by fibrosis is substantial, and the medical need for effective antifibrotic therapies is essential. Significant progress has been made in understanding the molecular mechanism and pathobiology of fibrosis, such as transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-mediated signaling pathways. However, owing to the complex and dynamic properties of fibrotic disorders, there are currently no therapeutic options that can prevent or reverse fibrosis. Recent studies have revealed that alterations in fatty acid metabolic processes are common mechanisms and core pathways that play a central role in different fibrotic disorders. Excessive lipid accumulation or defective fatty acid oxidation is associated with increased lipotoxicity, which directly contributes to the development of fibrosis. Genetic alterations or pharmacologic targeting of fatty acid metabolic processes have great potential for the inhibition of fibrosis development. Furthermore, mechanistic studies have revealed active interactions between altered metabolic processes and fibrosis development. Several well-known fibrotic factors change the lipid metabolic processes, while altered metabolic processes actively participate in fibrosis development. This review summarizes the recent evidence linking fatty acid metabolism and fibrosis, and provides new insights into the pathogenesis of fibrotic diseases for the development of drugs for fibrosis prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonghwan Hwang
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46214, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Wung Chung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46214, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Lipotoxicity: a driver of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction? Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:2265-2283. [PMID: 34643676 PMCID: PMC8543140 DOI: 10.1042/cs20210127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a growing public health concern, with rising incidence alongside high morbidity and mortality. However, the pathophysiology of HFpEF is not yet fully understood. The association between HFpEF and the metabolic syndrome (MetS) suggests that dysregulated lipid metabolism could drive diastolic dysfunction and subsequent HFpEF. Herein we summarise recent advances regarding the pathogenesis of HFpEF in the context of MetS, with a focus on impaired lipid handling, myocardial lipid accumulation and subsequent lipotoxicity.
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12
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Abstract
The endothelium acts as the barrier that prevents circulating lipids such as lipoproteins and fatty acids into the arterial wall; it also regulates normal functioning in the circulatory system by balancing vasodilation and vasoconstriction, modulating the several responses and signals. Plasma lipids can interact with endothelium via different mechanisms and produce different phenotypes. Increased plasma-free fatty acids (FFAs) levels are associated with the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Because of the multi-dimensional roles of plasma FFAs in mediating endothelial dysfunction, increased FFA level is now considered an essential link in the onset of endothelial dysfunction in CVD. FFA-mediated endothelial dysfunction involves several mechanisms, including dysregulated production of nitric oxide and cytokines, metaflammation, oxidative stress, inflammation, activation of the renin-angiotensin system, and apoptosis. Therefore, modulation of FFA-mediated pathways involved in endothelial dysfunction may prevent the complications associated with CVD risk. This review presents details as to how endothelium is affected by FFAs involving several metabolic pathways.
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13
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Fatty acids and evolving roles of their proteins in neurological, cardiovascular disorders and cancers. Prog Lipid Res 2021; 83:101116. [PMID: 34293403 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2021.101116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The dysregulation of fat metabolism is involved in various disorders, including neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, and cancers. The uptake of long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) with 14 or more carbons plays a pivotal role in cellular metabolic homeostasis. Therefore, the uptake and metabolism of LCFAs must constantly be in tune with the cellular, metabolic, and structural requirements of cells. Many metabolic diseases are thought to be driven by the abnormal flow of fatty acids either from the dietary origin and/or released from adipose stores. Cellular uptake and intracellular trafficking of fatty acids are facilitated ubiquitously with unique combinations of fatty acid transport proteins and cytoplasmic fatty acid-binding proteins in every tissue. Extensive data are emerging on the defective transporters and metabolism of LCFAs and their clinical implications. Uptake and metabolism of LCFAs are crucial for the brain's functional development and cardiovascular health and maintenance. In addition, data suggest fatty acid metabolic transporter can normalize activated inflammatory response by reprogramming lipid metabolism in cancers. Here we review the current understanding of how LCFAs and their proteins contribute to the pathophysiology of three crucial diseases and the mechanisms involved in the processes.
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14
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Cell surface markers for immunophenotyping human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Pflugers Arch 2021; 473:1023-1039. [PMID: 33928456 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-021-02549-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC) self-renew and represent a potentially unlimited source for the production of cardiomyocytes (CMs) suitable for studies of human cardiac development, drug discovery, cardiotoxicity testing, and disease modelling and for cell-based therapies. However, most cardiac differentiation protocols yield mixed cultures of atrial-, ventricular-, and pacemaker-like cells at various stages of development, as well as non-CMs. The proportions and maturation states of these cell types result from disparities among differentiation protocols and time of cultivation, as well as hPSC reprogramming inconsistencies and genetic background variations. The reproducible use of hPSC-CMs for research and therapy is therefore limited by issues of cell population heterogeneity and functional states of maturation. A validated method that overcomes issues of cell heterogeneity is immunophenotyping coupled with live cell sorting, an approach that relies on accessible surface markers restricted to the desired cell type(s). Here we review current progress in unravelling heterogeneity in hPSC-cardiac cultures and in the identification of surface markers suitable for defining cardiac identity, subtype specificity, and maturation states.
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15
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Karwi QG, Ho KL, Pherwani S, Ketema EB, Sun QY, Lopaschuk GD. Concurrent diabetes and heart failure: interplay and novel therapeutic approaches. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:686-715. [PMID: 33783483 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus increases the risk of developing heart failure, and the co-existence of both diseases worsens cardiovascular outcomes, hospitalization and the progression of heart failure. Despite current advancements on therapeutic strategies to manage hyperglycemia, the likelihood of developing diabetes-induced heart failure is still significant, especially with the accelerating global prevalence of diabetes and an ageing population. This raises the likelihood of other contributing mechanisms beyond hyperglycemia in predisposing diabetic patients to cardiovascular disease risk. There has been considerable interest in understanding the alterations in cardiac structure and function in the diabetic patients, collectively termed as "diabetic cardiomyopathy". However, the factors that contribute to the development of diabetic cardiomyopathies is not fully understood. This review summarizes the main characteristics of diabetic cardiomyopathies, and the basic mechanisms that contribute to its occurrence. This includes perturbations in insulin resistance, fuel preference, reactive oxygen species generation, inflammation, cell death pathways, neurohormonal mechanisms, advanced glycated end-products accumulation, lipotoxicity, glucotoxicity, and posttranslational modifications in the heart of the diabetic. This review also discusses the impact of antihyperglycemic therapies on the development of heart failure, as well as how current heart failure therapies influence glycemic control in diabetic patients. We also highlight the current knowledge gaps in understanding how diabetes induces heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qutuba G Karwi
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kim L Ho
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Simran Pherwani
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ezra B Ketema
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Qiu Yu Sun
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gary D Lopaschuk
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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16
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Abumrad NA, Cabodevilla AG, Samovski D, Pietka T, Basu D, Goldberg IJ. Endothelial Cell Receptors in Tissue Lipid Uptake and Metabolism. Circ Res 2021; 128:433-450. [PMID: 33539224 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.318003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lipid uptake and metabolism are central to the function of organs such as heart, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue. Although most heart energy derives from fatty acids (FAs), excess lipid accumulation can cause cardiomyopathy. Similarly, high delivery of cholesterol can initiate coronary artery atherosclerosis. Hearts and arteries-unlike liver and adrenals-have nonfenestrated capillaries and lipid accumulation in both health and disease requires lipid movement from the circulation across the endothelial barrier. This review summarizes recent in vitro and in vivo findings on the importance of endothelial cell receptors and uptake pathways in regulating FAs and cholesterol uptake in normal physiology and cardiovascular disease. We highlight clinical and experimental data on the roles of ECs in lipid supply to tissues, heart, and arterial wall in particular, and how this affects organ metabolism and function. Models of FA uptake into ECs suggest that receptor-mediated uptake predominates at low FA concentrations, such as during fasting, whereas FA uptake during lipolysis of chylomicrons may involve paracellular movement. Similarly, in the setting of an intact arterial endothelial layer, recent and historic data support a role for receptor-mediated processes in the movement of lipoproteins into the subarterial space. We conclude with thoughts on the need to better understand endothelial lipid transfer for fuller comprehension of the pathophysiology of hyperlipidemia, and lipotoxic diseases such as some forms of cardiomyopathy and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada A Abumrad
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO (N.A.A., D.S., T.P.)
| | - Ainara G Cabodevilla
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine (A.G.C., D.B., I.J.G.)
| | - Dmitri Samovski
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO (N.A.A., D.S., T.P.)
| | - Terri Pietka
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO (N.A.A., D.S., T.P.)
| | - Debapriya Basu
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine (A.G.C., D.B., I.J.G.)
| | - Ira J Goldberg
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine (A.G.C., D.B., I.J.G.)
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17
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Fougerat A, Montagner A, Loiseau N, Guillou H, Wahli W. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors and Their Novel Ligands as Candidates for the Treatment of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Cells 2020; 9:E1638. [PMID: 32650421 PMCID: PMC7408116 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major health issue worldwide, frequently associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Steatosis is the initial stage of the disease, which is characterized by lipid accumulation in hepatocytes, which can progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) with inflammation and various levels of fibrosis that further increase the risk of developing cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The pathogenesis of NAFLD is influenced by interactions between genetic and environmental factors and involves several biological processes in multiple organs. No effective therapy is currently available for the treatment of NAFLD. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptors that regulate many functions that are disturbed in NAFLD, including glucose and lipid metabolism, as well as inflammation. Thus, they represent relevant clinical targets for NAFLD. In this review, we describe the determinants and mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of NAFLD, its progression and complications, as well as the current therapeutic strategies that are employed. We also focus on the complementary and distinct roles of PPAR isotypes in many biological processes and on the effects of first-generation PPAR agonists. Finally, we review novel and safe PPAR agonists with improved efficacy and their potential use in the treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Fougerat
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRAE), ToxAlim, UMR1331 Toulouse, France; (A.M.); (N.L.); (H.G.)
| | - Alexandra Montagner
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRAE), ToxAlim, UMR1331 Toulouse, France; (A.M.); (N.L.); (H.G.)
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, UMR1048 Toulouse, France
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Toulouse, UMR1048 Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Loiseau
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRAE), ToxAlim, UMR1331 Toulouse, France; (A.M.); (N.L.); (H.G.)
| | - Hervé Guillou
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRAE), ToxAlim, UMR1331 Toulouse, France; (A.M.); (N.L.); (H.G.)
| | - Walter Wahli
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRAE), ToxAlim, UMR1331 Toulouse, France; (A.M.); (N.L.); (H.G.)
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Université de Lausanne, Le Génopode, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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L'Abbate S, Nicolini G, Forini F, Marchetti S, Di Lascio N, Faita F, Kusmic C. Myo-inositol and d-chiro-inositol oral supplementation ameliorate cardiac dysfunction and remodeling in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity. Pharmacol Res 2020; 159:105047. [PMID: 32590101 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is an independent risk factor to develop cardiac functional and structural impairments. Here, we investigated the effects of supplementation of inositols on the electrical, structural, and functional cardiac alterations in the mouse model of high fat diet (HFD) induced obesity. Three groups of C57BL6 mice (n = 16 each) were studied: j) HFD feeding; jj) HFD feeding + inositols from week 9 to 13; jjj) standard diet feeding. Study observation period was 13 weeks. Inositols were administered as mixture of myo-inositol and d-chiro-inositol in the drinking water. Effects of inositols were evaluated based on electrical, structural, and functional cardiac features, autonomic sympatho-vagal balance and arrhythmogenic susceptibility to adrenergic challenge. Heart samples were collected for histological evaluations and transcriptional analyses of genes involved in defining the shape and propagation of the action potential, fatty acid metabolism and oxidative stress. Inositol supplementation significantly restored control values of heart rate and QTc interval on ECG and of sympatho-vagal balance. Moreover, it blunted the increase in left ventricular mass and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, reversed diastolic dysfunction, reduced the susceptibility to arrhythmic events and restored the expression level of cardiac genes altered by HFD. The present study shows, for the first time, how a short period of supplementation with inositols is able to ameliorate the HFD-induced electrical, structural and functional heart alterations including ventricular remodeling. Results provide a new insight into the cardioprotective effect of inositols, which could pave the way for a novel therapeutic approach to the treatment of HFD obesity-induced heart dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena L'Abbate
- Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Nicolini
- Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Forini
- Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Sabrina Marchetti
- Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Nicole Di Lascio
- Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Faita
- Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudia Kusmic
- Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Pisa, Italy.
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Yamamoto T, Endo J, Kataoka M, Matsuhashi T, Katsumata Y, Shirakawa K, Isobe S, Moriyama H, Goto S, Shimanaka Y, Kono N, Arai H, Shinmura K, Fukuda K, Sano M. Palmitate induces cardiomyocyte death via inositol requiring enzyme-1 (IRE1)-mediated signaling independent of X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1). Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 526:122-127. [PMID: 32199617 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Overloading of the saturated fatty acid (SFA) palmitate induces cardiomyocyte death. The purpose of this study is to elucidate signaling pathways contributing to palmitate-induced cardiomyocyte death. Palmitate-induced cardiomyocyte death was induced in Toll-like receptor 2/4 double-knockdown cardiomyocytes to a similar extent as wild-type cardiomyocytes, while cardiomyocyte death was canceled out by triacsin C, a long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase inhibitor. These results indicated that palmitate induced cytotoxicity after entry and conversion into palmitoyl-CoA. Palmitoyl-CoA is not only degraded by mitochondrial oxidation but also taken up as a component of membrane phospholipids. Palmitate overloading causes cardiomyocyte membrane fatty acid (FA) saturation, which is associated with the activation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling. We focused on the ER UPR signaling as a possible mechanism of cell death. Palmitate loading activates the UPR signal via membrane FA saturation, but not via unfolded protein overload in the ER since the chemical chaperone 4-phenylbutyrate failed to suppress palmitate-induced ER UPR. The mammalian UPR relies on three ER stress sensors named inositol requiring enzyme-1 (IRE1), PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6). Palmitate loading activated only IRE1 and PERK. Knockdown of PERK did not affect palmitate-induced cardiomyocyte death, while knockdown of IRE1 suppressed palmitate-induced cardiomyocyte death. However, knockdown of X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1), the downstream effector of IRE1, did not affect palmitate-induced cardiomyocyte death. These results were validated by pharmacological inhibitor experiments. In conclusion, we identified that palmitate-induced cardiomyocyte death was triggered by IRE1-mediated signaling independent of XBP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsunehisa Yamamoto
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jin Endo
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development PRIME, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaharu Kataoka
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Kohsuke Shirakawa
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sarasa Isobe
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidenori Moriyama
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Goto
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuta Shimanaka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nozomu Kono
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Arai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Shinmura
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of General Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Keiichi Fukuda
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoaki Sano
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan.
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20
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Oka SI, Sabry AD, Cawley KM, Warren JS. Multiple Levels of PGC-1α Dysregulation in Heart Failure. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:2. [PMID: 32083094 PMCID: PMC7002390 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic adaption is crucial for the heart to sustain its contractile activity under various physiological and pathological conditions. At the molecular level, the changes in energy demand impinge on the expression of genes encoding for metabolic enzymes. Among the major components of an intricate transcriptional circuitry, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1α) plays a critical role as a metabolic sensor, which is responsible for the fine-tuning of transcriptional responses to a plethora of stimuli. Cumulative evidence suggests that energetic impairment in heart failure is largely attributed to the dysregulation of PGC-1α. In this review, we summarize recent studies revealing how PGC-1α is regulated by a multitude of mechanisms, operating at different regulatory levels, which include epigenetic regulation, the expression of variants, post-transcriptional inhibition, and post-translational modifications. We further discuss how the PGC-1α regulatory cascade can be impaired in the failing heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ichi Oka
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Amira D Sabry
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Keiko M Cawley
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Junco S Warren
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.,Institute of Resource Development and Analysis, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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21
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Koop AMC, Bossers GPL, Ploegstra MJ, Hagdorn QAJ, Berger RMF, Silljé HHW, Bartelds B. Metabolic Remodeling in the Pressure-Loaded Right Ventricle: Shifts in Glucose and Fatty Acid Metabolism-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 8:e012086. [PMID: 31657265 PMCID: PMC6898858 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.012086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Right ventricular (RV) failure because of chronic pressure load is an important determinant of outcome in pulmonary hypertension. Progression towards RV failure is characterized by diastolic dysfunction, fibrosis and metabolic dysregulation. Metabolic modulation has been suggested as therapeutic option, yet, metabolic dysregulation may have various faces in different experimental models and disease severity. In this systematic review and meta‐analysis, we aimed to identify metabolic changes in the pressure loaded RV and formulate recommendations required to optimize translation between animal models and human disease. Methods and Results Medline and EMBASE were searched to identify original studies describing cardiac metabolic variables in the pressure loaded RV. We identified mostly rat‐models, inducing pressure load by hypoxia, Sugen‐hypoxia, monocrotaline (MCT), pulmonary artery banding (PAB) or strain (fawn hooded rats, FHR), and human studies. Meta‐analysis revealed increased Hedges’ g (effect size) of the gene expression of GLUT1 and HK1 and glycolytic flux. The expression of MCAD was uniformly decreased. Mitochondrial respiratory capacity and fatty acid uptake varied considerably between studies, yet there was a model effect in carbohydrate respiratory capacity in MCT‐rats. Conclusions This systematic review and meta‐analysis on metabolic remodeling in the pressure‐loaded RV showed a consistent increase in glucose uptake and glycolysis, strongly suggest a downregulation of beta‐oxidation, and showed divergent and model‐specific changes regarding fatty acid uptake and oxidative metabolism. To translate metabolic results from animal models to human disease, more extensive characterization, including function, and uniformity in methodology and studied variables, will be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie C Koop
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology University Medical Center Groningen Center for Congenital Heart Diseases University of Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Guido P L Bossers
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology University Medical Center Groningen Center for Congenital Heart Diseases University of Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Mark-Jan Ploegstra
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology University Medical Center Groningen Center for Congenital Heart Diseases University of Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Quint A J Hagdorn
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology University Medical Center Groningen Center for Congenital Heart Diseases University of Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Rolf M F Berger
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology University Medical Center Groningen Center for Congenital Heart Diseases University of Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Herman H W Silljé
- Department of Cardiology University Medical Center Groningen University of Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Beatrijs Bartelds
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology University Medical Center Groningen Center for Congenital Heart Diseases University of Groningen The Netherlands
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22
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Abstract
Our understanding of the role of the vascular endothelium has evolved over the past 2 decades, with the recognition that it is a dynamically regulated organ and that it plays a nodal role in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. Endothelial cells (ECs) are not only a barrier between the circulation and peripheral tissues, but also actively regulate vascular tone, blood flow, and platelet function. Dysregulation of ECs contributes to pathological conditions such as vascular inflammation, atherosclerosis, hypertension, cardiomyopathy, retinopathy, neuropathy, and cancer. The close anatomic relationship between vascular endothelium and highly vascularized metabolic organs/tissues suggests that the crosstalk between ECs and these organs is vital for both vascular and metabolic homeostasis. Numerous reports support that hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, and other metabolic stresses result in endothelial dysfunction and vascular complications. However, how ECs may regulate metabolic homeostasis remains poorly understood. Emerging data suggest that the vascular endothelium plays an unexpected role in the regulation of metabolic homeostasis and that endothelial dysregulation directly contributes to the development of metabolic disorders. Here, we review recent studies about the pivotal role of ECs in glucose and lipid homeostasis. In particular, we introduce the concept that the endothelium adjusts its barrier function to control the transendothelial transport of fatty acids, lipoproteins, LPLs (lipoprotein lipases), glucose, and insulin. In addition, we summarize reports that ECs communicate with metabolic cells through EC-secreted factors and we discuss how endothelial dysregulation contributes directly to the development of obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, cognitive defects, and fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinchun Pi
- From the Section of Athero & Lipo, Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (X.P., L.X.)
| | - Liang Xie
- From the Section of Athero & Lipo, Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (X.P., L.X.)
| | - Cam Patterson
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock (C.P.)
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23
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Guan J, Zhao M, He C, Li X, Li Y, Sun J, Wang W, Cui YL, Zhang Q, Li BY, Qiao GF. Anti-Hypertensive Action of Fenofibrate via UCP2 Upregulation Mediated by PPAR Activation in Baroreflex Afferent Pathway. Neurosci Bull 2019; 35:15-24. [PMID: 30173356 PMCID: PMC6357279 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-018-0271-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Fenofibrate, an agonist for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α), lowers blood pressure, but whether this action is mediated via baroreflex afferents has not been elucidated. In this study, the distribution of PPAR-α and PPAR-γ was assessed in the nodose ganglion (NG) and the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS). Hypertension induced by drinking high fructose (HFD) was reduced, along with complete restoration of impaired baroreceptor sensitivity, by chronic treatment with fenofibrate. The molecular data also showed that both PPAR-α and PPAR-γ were dramatically up-regulated in the NG and NTS of the HFD group. Expression of the downstream signaling molecule of PPAR-α, the mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2), was up-regulated in the baroreflex afferent pathway under similar experimental conditions, along with amelioration of reduced superoxide dismutase activity and increased superoxide in HFD rats. These results suggest that chronic treatment with fenofibrate plays a crucial role in the neural control of blood pressure by improving baroreflex afferent function due at least partially to PPAR-mediated up-regulation of UCP2 expression and reduction of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Guan
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Miao Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Chao He
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Ya-Li Cui
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Bai-Yan Li
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.
| | - Guo-Fen Qiao
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.
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Lv J, Deng C, Jiang S, Ji T, Yang Z, Wang Z, Yang Y. Blossoming 20: The Energetic Regulator's Birthday Unveils its Versatility in Cardiac Diseases. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:466-476. [PMID: 30809287 PMCID: PMC6376194 DOI: 10.7150/thno.29130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) was first identified in 1998 as a PGC-1 family member that regulates adaptive thermogenesis and mitochondrial function following cold exposure in brown adipose tissue. The PGC-1 family has drawn widespread attention over the past two decades as the energetic regulator. We recently summarized a review regarding PGC-1 signaling pathway and its mechanisms in cardiac metabolism. In this review, we elaborate upon the PGC-1 signaling network and highlight the recent progress of its versatile roles in cardiac diseases, including myocardial hypertrophy, peripartum and diabetic cardiomyopathy, and heart failure. The information reviewed here may be useful in future studies, which may increase the potential of this energetic regulator as a therapeutic target.
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Yamamoto T, Endo J, Kataoka M, Matsuhashi T, Katsumata Y, Shirakawa K, Yoshida N, Isobe S, Moriyama H, Goto S, Yamashita K, Nakanishi H, Shimanaka Y, Kono N, Shinmura K, Arai H, Fukuda K, Sano M. Decrease in membrane phospholipids unsaturation correlates with myocardial diastolic dysfunction. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208396. [PMID: 30533011 PMCID: PMC6289418 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Increase in saturated fatty acid (SFA) content in membrane phospholipids dramatically affects membrane properties and cellular functioning. We sought to determine whether exogenous SFA from the diet directly affects the degree of membrane phospholipid unsaturation in adult hearts and if these changes correlate with contractile dysfunction. Although both SFA-rich high fat diets (HFDs) and monounsaturated FA (MUFA)-rich HFDs cause the same degree of activation of myocardial FA uptake, triglyceride turnover, and mitochondrial FA oxidation and accumulation of toxic lipid intermediates, the former induced more severe diastolic dysfunction than the latter, which was accompanied with a decrease in membrane phospholipid unsaturation, induction of unfolded protein response (UPR), and a decrease in the expression of Sirt1 and stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1), catalyzing the conversion of SFA to MUFA. When the SFA supply in the heart overwhelms the cellular capacity to use it for energy, excess exogenous SFA channels to membrane phospholipids, leading to UPR induction, and development of diastolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsunehisa Yamamoto
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jin Endo
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaharu Kataoka
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Kohsuke Shirakawa
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naohiro Yoshida
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Endocrinology and Hypertension, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sarasa Isobe
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidenori Moriyama
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Goto
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaoru Yamashita
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Endocrinology and Hypertension, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Yuta Shimanaka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nozomu Kono
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Shinmura
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of General Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Arai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiichi Fukuda
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoaki Sano
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity is recognized as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, expending independent adverse effects on the cardiovascular system. This relationship is complex due to several associations with cardiovascular disease risk factors/markers such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance/dysglycemia, or type 2 diabetes mellitus. Obesity induces a variety of cardiovascular system structural adaptations, from subclinical myocardial dysfunction to severe left ventricular systolic heart failure. Abnormalities in cardiac metabolism and subsequent cardiac energy, have been proposed as major contributors to obesity-related cardiovascular disease. Ectopic fat depots play an important role in several of the hypotheses postulated to explain the association between obesity, cardiac metabolism and cardiac dysfunction. AREAS COVERED In this review, we addressed with contemporary studies how obesity-associated metabolic conditions and ectopic cardiac fat accumulation, translate into cardiac energy metabolism disturbances that may lead to adverse effects on the cardiovascular system. EXPERT COMMENTARY Obesity and ectopic fat accumulation has long been related to metabolic diseases and adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Recent imaging advances have just started to address the complex interplays between obesity, ectopic fat depots, cardiac metabolism and the risk of obesity-related cardiovascular disease. A better comprehension of these obesity-associated metabolic disturbances will lead to earlier detection of patients at increased risk of cardiovascular disease and to the development of novel therapeutic metabolic targets to treat a wide variety of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Eve Piché
- a Quebec Heart and Lung Institute , Laval University , Quebec , Canada
- b Faculty of Medicine , Laval University , Quebec , Canada
| | - Paul Poirier
- a Quebec Heart and Lung Institute , Laval University , Quebec , Canada
- c Faculty of Pharmacy , Laval University , Quebec , Canada
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The Role of Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase (DGAT) 1 and 2 in Cardiac Metabolism and Function. Sci Rep 2018; 8:4983. [PMID: 29563512 PMCID: PMC5862879 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23223-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
It is increasingly recognized that synthesis and turnover of cardiac triglyceride (TG) play a pivotal role in the regulation of lipid metabolism and function of the heart. The last step in TG synthesis is catalyzed by diacylglycerol:acyltransferase (DGAT) which esterifies the diacylglycerol with a fatty acid. Mammalian heart has two DGAT isoforms, DGAT1 and DGAT2, yet their roles in cardiac metabolism and function remain poorly defined. Here, we show that inactivation of DGAT1 or DGAT2 in adult mouse heart results in a moderate suppression of TG synthesis and turnover. Partial inhibition of DGAT activity increases cardiac fatty acid oxidation without affecting PPARα signaling, myocardial energetics or contractile function. Moreover, coinhibition of DGAT1/2 in the heart abrogates TG turnover and protects the heart against high fat diet-induced lipid accumulation with no adverse effects on basal or dobutamine-stimulated cardiac function. Thus, the two DGAT isoforms in the heart have partially redundant function, and pharmacological inhibition of one DGAT isoform is well tolerated in adult hearts.
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28
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Goldberg IJ. 2017 George Lyman Duff Memorial Lecture: Fat in the Blood, Fat in the Artery, Fat in the Heart: Triglyceride in Physiology and Disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018; 38:700-706. [PMID: 29419410 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.309666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol is not the only lipid that causes heart disease. Triglyceride supplies the heart and skeletal muscles with highly efficient fuel and allows for the storage of excess calories in adipose tissue. Failure to transport, acquire, and use triglyceride leads to energy deficiency and even death. However, overabundance of triglyceride can damage and impair tissues. Circulating lipoprotein-associated triglycerides are lipolyzed by lipoprotein lipase (LpL) and hepatic triglyceride lipase. We inhibited these enzymes and showed that LpL inhibition reduces high-density lipoprotein cholesterol by >50%, and hepatic triglyceride lipase inhibition shifts low-density lipoprotein to larger, more buoyant particles. Genetic variations that reduce LpL activity correlate with increased cardiovascular risk. In contrast, macrophage LpL deficiency reduces macrophage function and atherosclerosis. Therefore, muscle and macrophage LpL have opposite effects on atherosclerosis. With models of atherosclerosis regression that we used to study diabetes mellitus, we are now examining whether triglyceride-rich lipoproteins or their hydrolysis by LpL affect the biology of established plaques. Following our focus on triglyceride metabolism led us to show that heart-specific LpL hydrolysis of triglyceride allows optimal supply of fatty acids to the heart. In contrast, cardiomyocyte LpL overexpression and excess lipid uptake cause lipotoxic heart failure. We are now studying whether interrupting pathways for lipid uptake might prevent or treat some forms of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ira J Goldberg
- From the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine.
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29
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Handy DE, Loscalzo J. Responses to reductive stress in the cardiovascular system. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 109:114-124. [PMID: 27940350 PMCID: PMC5462861 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing appreciation that reductive stress represents a disturbance in the redox state that is harmful to biological systems. On a cellular level, the presence of increased reducing equivalents and the lack of beneficial fluxes of reactive oxygen species can prevent growth factor-mediated signaling, promote mitochondrial dysfunction, increase apoptosis, and decrease cell survival. In this review, we highlight the importance of redox balance in maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis and consider the tenuous balance between oxidative and reductive stress. We explain the role of reductive stress in models of protein aggregation-induced cardiomyopathies, such as those caused by mutations in αB-crystallin. In addition, we discuss the role of NADPH oxidases in models of heart failure and ischemia-reperfusion to illustrate how oxidants may mediate the adaptive responses to injury. NADPH oxidase 4, a hydrogen peroxide generator, also has a major role in promoting vascular homeostasis through its regulation of vascular tone, angiogenic responses, and effects on atherogenesis. In contrast, the lack of antioxidant enzymes that reduce hydrogen peroxide, such as glutathione peroxidase 1, promotes vascular remodeling and is deleterious to endothelial function. Thus, we consider the role of oxidants as necessary signals to promote adaptive responses, such as the activation of Nrf2 and eNOS, and the stabilization of Hif1. In addition, we discuss the adaptive metabolic reprogramming in hypoxia that lead to a reductive state, and the subsequent cellular redistribution of reducing equivalents from NADH to other metabolites. Finally, we discuss the paradoxical ability of excess reducing equivalents to stimulate oxidative stress and promote injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane E Handy
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, USA
| | - Joseph Loscalzo
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, USA.
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30
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The ‘Goldilocks zone’ of fatty acid metabolism; to ensure that the relationship with cardiac function is just right. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 131:2079-2094. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20160671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acids (FA) are the main fuel used by the healthy heart to power contraction, supplying 60–70% of the ATP required. FA generate more ATP per carbon molecule than glucose, but require more oxygen to produce the ATP, making them a more energy dense but less oxygen efficient fuel compared with glucose. The pathways involved in myocardial FA metabolism are regulated at various subcellular levels, and can be divided into sarcolemmal FA uptake, cytosolic activation and storage, mitochondrial uptake and β-oxidation. An understanding of the critical involvement of each of these steps has been amassed from genetic mouse models, where forcing the heart to metabolize too much or too little fat was accompanied by cardiac contractile dysfunction and hypertrophy. In cardiac pathologies, such as heart disease and diabetes, aberrations in FA metabolism occur concomitantly with changes in cardiac function. In heart failure, FA oxidation is decreased, correlating with systolic dysfunction and hypertrophy. In contrast, in type 2 diabetes, FA oxidation and triglyceride storage are increased, and correlate with diastolic dysfunction and insulin resistance. Therefore, too much FA metabolism is as detrimental as too little FA metabolism in these settings. Therapeutic compounds that rebalance FA metabolism may provide a mechanism to improve cardiac function in disease. Just like Goldilocks and her porridge, the heart needs to maintain FA metabolism in a zone that is ‘just right’ to support contractile function.
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31
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Talati MH, Brittain EL, Fessel JP, Penner N, Atkinson J, Funke M, Grueter C, Jerome WG, Freeman M, Newman JH, West J, Hemnes AR. Mechanisms of Lipid Accumulation in the Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor Type 2 Mutant Right Ventricle. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017; 194:719-28. [PMID: 27077479 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201507-1444oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE In heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension with germline mutation in the bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 (BMPR2) gene, right ventricle (RV) dysfunction is associated with RV lipotoxicity; however, the underlying mechanism for lipid accumulation is not known. OBJECTIVES We hypothesized that lipid accumulation in cardiomyocytes with BMPR2 mutation occurs owing to alterations in lipid transport and impaired fatty acid oxidation (FAO), which is exacerbated by a high-lipid (Western) diet (WD). METHODS We used a transgenic mouse model of pulmonary arterial hypertension with mutant BMPR2 and generated a cardiomyocyte cell line with BMPR2 mutation. Electron microscopy and metabolomic analysis were performed on mouse RVs. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS By metabolomics analysis, we found an increase in long-chain fatty acids in BMPR2 mutant mouse RVs compared with controls, which correlated with cardiac index. BMPR2-mutant cardiomyocytes had increased lipid compared with controls. Direct measurement of FAO in the WD-fed BMPR2-mutant RV showed impaired palmitate-linked oxygen consumption, and metabolomics analysis showed reduced indices of FAO. Using both mutant BMPR2 mouse RVs and cardiomyocytes, we found an increase in the uptake of (14)C-palmitate and fatty acid transporter CD36 that was further exacerbated by WD. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our data suggest that impaired FAO and increased expression of the lipid transporter CD36 are key mechanisms underlying lipid deposition in the BMPR2-mutant RV, which are exacerbated in the presence of dietary lipids. These findings suggest important features leading to RV lipotoxicity in pulmonary arterial hypertension and may point to novel areas of therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha H Talati
- 1 Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | - Joshua P Fessel
- 1 Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee.,3 Department of Pharmacology
| | - Niki Penner
- 1 Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | - Mitch Funke
- 1 Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | - W Gray Jerome
- 4 Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology.,6 Department of Cancer Biology, and
| | - Michael Freeman
- 7 Department of Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - John H Newman
- 1 Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - James West
- 1 Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Anna R Hemnes
- 1 Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
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Peterzan MA, Lygate CA, Neubauer S, Rider OJ. Metabolic remodeling in hypertrophied and failing myocardium: a review. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2017. [PMID: 28646030 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00731.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The energy starvation hypothesis proposes that maladaptive metabolic remodeling antedates, initiates, and maintains adverse contractile dysfunction in heart failure (HF). Better understanding of the cardiac metabolic phenotype and metabolic signaling could help identify the role metabolic remodeling plays within HF and the conditions known to transition toward HF, including "pathological" hypertrophy. In this review, we discuss metabolic phenotype and metabolic signaling in the contexts of pathological hypertrophy and HF. We discuss the significance of alterations in energy supply (substrate utilization, oxidative capacity, and phosphotransfer) and energy sensing using observations from human and animal disease models and models of manipulated energy supply/sensing. We aim to provide ways of thinking about metabolic remodeling that center around metabolic flexibility, capacity (reserve), and efficiency rather than around particular substrate preferences or transcriptomic profiles. We show that maladaptive metabolic remodeling takes multiple forms across multiple energy-handling domains. We suggest that lack of metabolic flexibility and reserve (substrate, oxidative, and phosphotransfer) represents a final common denominator ultimately compromising efficiency and contractile reserve in stressful contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Peterzan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Craig A Lygate
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Neubauer
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver J Rider
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
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33
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Tsutsumi J, Minai K, Kawai M, Ogawa K, Inoue Y, Morimoto S, Tanaka T, Nagoshi T, Ogawa T, Yoshimura M. Manifold implications of obesity in ischemic heart disease among Japanese patients according to covariance structure analysis: Low reactivity of B-type natriuretic peptide as an intervening risk factor. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177327. [PMID: 28481950 PMCID: PMC5421780 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives Obesity is believed to be one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular disease in Western countries. However, the effects of obesity should be continuously examined in the Japanese population because the average bodily habitus differs among countries. In this study, we collectively examined the significance of obesity and obesity-triggered risk factors including the low reactivity of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), for ischemic heart disease (IHD) in Japanese patients. Methods and results The study patients consisted of 1252 subjects (IHD: n = 970; non-IHD: n = 282). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, and the low reactivity of BNP were significant risk factors for IHD, but body mass index (BMI) was not. A theoretical path model was proposed by positioning BMI at the top of the hierarchical model. Exploratory factor analysis revealed that BMI did not play a causative role in IHD (P = NS). BMI was causatively linked to other risk factors (P<0.001 for hypertension; P<0.001 for dyslipidemia; P<0.001 for HbA1c; P<0.001 for LogBNP), and these factors played a causative role in IHD (P<0.001 for hypertension; P<0.001 for dyslipidemia; P<0.001 for HbA1c; P<0.001 for LogBNP). The intrinsic power of the low reactivity of BNP induced by high BMI on the promotion of IHD was fairly potent. Conclusion This study demonstrated that obesity per se is not a strong risk factor for IHD in Japanese patients. However, several important risk factors triggered by obesity exhibited a causative role for IHD. The low reactivity of BNP is a substantial risk factor for IHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshi Tsutsumi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kosuke Minai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Makoto Kawai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuo Ogawa
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasunori Inoue
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Morimoto
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Tanaka
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Nagoshi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Ogawa
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michihiro Yoshimura
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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34
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Abstract
The heart utilizes large amounts of fatty acids as energy providing substrates. The physiological balance of lipid uptake and oxidation prevents accumulation of excess lipids. Several processes that affect cardiac function, including ischemia, obesity, diabetes mellitus, sepsis, and most forms of heart failure lead to altered fatty acid oxidation and often also to the accumulation of lipids. There is now mounting evidence associating certain species of these lipids with cardiac lipotoxicity and subsequent myocardial dysfunction. Experimental and clinical data are discussed and paths to reduction of toxic lipids as a means to improve cardiac function are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Christian Schulze
- From the Divisions of Cardiology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Germany, and Columbia University, New York, NY (P.C.S.); Metabolic Biology Laboratory, Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (K.D.); and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY (I.J.G.).
| | - Konstantinos Drosatos
- From the Divisions of Cardiology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Germany, and Columbia University, New York, NY (P.C.S.); Metabolic Biology Laboratory, Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (K.D.); and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY (I.J.G.)
| | - Ira J Goldberg
- From the Divisions of Cardiology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Germany, and Columbia University, New York, NY (P.C.S.); Metabolic Biology Laboratory, Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (K.D.); and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY (I.J.G.)
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35
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Satoh T, Satoh K, Yaoita N, Kikuchi N, Omura J, Kurosawa R, Numano K, Al-Mamun E, Siddique MAH, Sunamura S, Nogi M, Suzuki K, Miyata S, Morser J, Shimokawa H. Activated TAFI Promotes the Development of Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension: A Possible Novel Therapeutic Target. Circ Res 2017; 120:1246-1262. [PMID: 28289017 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.117.310640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Pulmonary hypertension is a fatal disease; however, its pathogenesis still remains to be elucidated. Thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) is synthesized by the liver and inhibits fibrinolysis. Plasma TAFI levels are significantly increased in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) patients. OBJECTIVE To determine the role of activated TAFI (TAFIa) in the development of CTEPH. METHODS AND RESULTS Immunostaining showed that TAFI and its binding partner thrombomodulin (TM) were highly expressed in the pulmonary arteries (PAs) and thrombus in patients with CTEPH. Moreover, plasma levels of TAFIa were increased 10-fold in CTEPH patients compared with controls. In mice, chronic hypoxia caused a 25-fold increase in plasma levels of TAFIa with increased plasma levels of thrombin and TM, which led to thrombus formation in PA, vascular remodeling, and pulmonary hypertension. Consistently, plasma clot lysis time was positively correlated with plasma TAFIa levels in mice. Additionally, overexpression of TAFIa caused organized thrombus with multiple obstruction of PA flow and reduced survival rate under hypoxia in mice. Bone marrow transplantation showed that circulating plasma TAFI from the liver, not in the bone marrow, was activated locally in PA endothelial cells through interactions with thrombin and TM. Mechanistic experiments demonstrated that TAFIa increased PA endothelial permeability, smooth muscle cell proliferation, and monocyte/macrophage activation. Importantly, TAFIa inhibitor and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α agonists significantly reduced TAFIa and ameliorated animal models of pulmonary hypertension in mice and rats. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that TAFIa could be a novel biomarker and realistic therapeutic target of CTEPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taijyu Satoh
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan (T.S., K. Satoh, N.Y., N.K., J.O., R.K., K.N., E.A.-M., M.A.H.S., S.S., M.N., K. Suzuki, S.M., H.S.); and Department of Hematology, Stanford School of Medicine, CA (J.M.)
| | - Kimio Satoh
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan (T.S., K. Satoh, N.Y., N.K., J.O., R.K., K.N., E.A.-M., M.A.H.S., S.S., M.N., K. Suzuki, S.M., H.S.); and Department of Hematology, Stanford School of Medicine, CA (J.M.)
| | - Nobuhiro Yaoita
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan (T.S., K. Satoh, N.Y., N.K., J.O., R.K., K.N., E.A.-M., M.A.H.S., S.S., M.N., K. Suzuki, S.M., H.S.); and Department of Hematology, Stanford School of Medicine, CA (J.M.)
| | - Nobuhiro Kikuchi
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan (T.S., K. Satoh, N.Y., N.K., J.O., R.K., K.N., E.A.-M., M.A.H.S., S.S., M.N., K. Suzuki, S.M., H.S.); and Department of Hematology, Stanford School of Medicine, CA (J.M.)
| | - Junichi Omura
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan (T.S., K. Satoh, N.Y., N.K., J.O., R.K., K.N., E.A.-M., M.A.H.S., S.S., M.N., K. Suzuki, S.M., H.S.); and Department of Hematology, Stanford School of Medicine, CA (J.M.)
| | - Ryo Kurosawa
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan (T.S., K. Satoh, N.Y., N.K., J.O., R.K., K.N., E.A.-M., M.A.H.S., S.S., M.N., K. Suzuki, S.M., H.S.); and Department of Hematology, Stanford School of Medicine, CA (J.M.)
| | - Kazuhiko Numano
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan (T.S., K. Satoh, N.Y., N.K., J.O., R.K., K.N., E.A.-M., M.A.H.S., S.S., M.N., K. Suzuki, S.M., H.S.); and Department of Hematology, Stanford School of Medicine, CA (J.M.)
| | - Elias Al-Mamun
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan (T.S., K. Satoh, N.Y., N.K., J.O., R.K., K.N., E.A.-M., M.A.H.S., S.S., M.N., K. Suzuki, S.M., H.S.); and Department of Hematology, Stanford School of Medicine, CA (J.M.)
| | - Mohammad Abdul Hai Siddique
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan (T.S., K. Satoh, N.Y., N.K., J.O., R.K., K.N., E.A.-M., M.A.H.S., S.S., M.N., K. Suzuki, S.M., H.S.); and Department of Hematology, Stanford School of Medicine, CA (J.M.)
| | - Shinichiro Sunamura
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan (T.S., K. Satoh, N.Y., N.K., J.O., R.K., K.N., E.A.-M., M.A.H.S., S.S., M.N., K. Suzuki, S.M., H.S.); and Department of Hematology, Stanford School of Medicine, CA (J.M.)
| | - Masamichi Nogi
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan (T.S., K. Satoh, N.Y., N.K., J.O., R.K., K.N., E.A.-M., M.A.H.S., S.S., M.N., K. Suzuki, S.M., H.S.); and Department of Hematology, Stanford School of Medicine, CA (J.M.)
| | - Kota Suzuki
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan (T.S., K. Satoh, N.Y., N.K., J.O., R.K., K.N., E.A.-M., M.A.H.S., S.S., M.N., K. Suzuki, S.M., H.S.); and Department of Hematology, Stanford School of Medicine, CA (J.M.)
| | - Satoshi Miyata
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan (T.S., K. Satoh, N.Y., N.K., J.O., R.K., K.N., E.A.-M., M.A.H.S., S.S., M.N., K. Suzuki, S.M., H.S.); and Department of Hematology, Stanford School of Medicine, CA (J.M.)
| | - John Morser
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan (T.S., K. Satoh, N.Y., N.K., J.O., R.K., K.N., E.A.-M., M.A.H.S., S.S., M.N., K. Suzuki, S.M., H.S.); and Department of Hematology, Stanford School of Medicine, CA (J.M.)
| | - Hiroaki Shimokawa
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan (T.S., K. Satoh, N.Y., N.K., J.O., R.K., K.N., E.A.-M., M.A.H.S., S.S., M.N., K. Suzuki, S.M., H.S.); and Department of Hematology, Stanford School of Medicine, CA (J.M.).
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Lee TW, Bai KJ, Lee TI, Chao TF, Kao YH, Chen YJ. PPARs modulate cardiac metabolism and mitochondrial function in diabetes. J Biomed Sci 2017; 24:5. [PMID: 28069019 PMCID: PMC5223385 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-016-0309-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a major complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). Currently, effective treatments for diabetic cardiomyopathy are limited. The pathophysiology of diabetic cardiomyopathy is complex, whereas mitochondrial dysfunction plays a vital role in the genesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Metabolic regulation targeting mitochondrial dysfunction is expected to be a reasonable strategy for treating diabetic cardiomyopathy. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are master executors in regulating glucose and lipid homeostasis and also modulate mitochondrial function. However, synthetic PPAR agonists used for treating hyperlipidemia and DM have shown controversial effects on cardiovascular regulation. This article reviews our updated understanding of the beneficial and detrimental effects of PPARs on mitochondria in diabetic hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Wei Lee
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Xing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Jen Bai
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-I Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of General Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tze-Fan Chao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, and Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsun Kao
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Xing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan. .,Department of Medical Education and Research, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Jen Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Xing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Zhang Y, Fang X, Dai M, Cao Q, Tan T, He W, Huang Y, Chu L, Bao M. Cardiac-specific down-regulation of carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1b (CPT-1b) prevents cardiac remodeling in obese mice. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2016; 24:2533-2543. [PMID: 27804274 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether inhibiting cardiac carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1b (CPT-1b) improves obesity-related cardiomyopathy. METHODS Four-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were fed with high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks to induce obesity. At 6 weeks of age, mice were subjected to intramyocardial injection with lentivirus to down-regulate the expression of either cardiac CPT-1b or green fluorescent protein. Morphological, biochemical, functional, histological, and ultrastructural profiles were assessed at 16 weeks of age. RESULTS HFD administration elicited obesity, cardiac hypertrophy, and systolic dysfunction accompanied with altered biochemical parameters. In addition, HFD consumption promoted lipid accumulation and reactive oxygen species generation in cardiomyocytes and damaged myocardial ultrastructure. Cardiac CPT-1b silencing protected against HFD-induced cardiac remodeling by decreasing heart weight/tibial length ratio and increasing left ventricular ejection fraction and fractional shortening, as well as normalizing left ventricular diameter. Meanwhile, CPT-1b inhibition mitigated the changes in biochemical parameters, aggravated myocardial lipid accumulation, reduced intramyocardial reactive oxygen species production, and partly amended myocardial ultrastructural alterations in obese mice. CONCLUSIONS Cardiac CPT-1b suppression protects against the aggravation of cardiac morphology and function associated with HFD feeding. CPT-1b represents a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of cardiac dysfunction related to metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianlong Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyan Dai
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Quan Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Tuantuan Tan
- Department of Ultrasonography, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbo He
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingwei Bao
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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38
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The role of CD36 in the regulation of myocardial lipid metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1861:1450-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Evans RD, Hauton D. The role of triacylglycerol in cardiac energy provision. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1861:1481-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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40
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Potent influence of obesity on suppression of plasma B-type natriuretic peptide levels in patients with acute heart failure: An approach using covariance structure analysis. Int J Cardiol 2016; 215:283-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.04.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan D Roe
- From the Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (N.D.R., R.T.); and Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (S.W.S.)
| | - Stephen W Standage
- From the Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (N.D.R., R.T.); and Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (S.W.S.)
| | - Rong Tian
- From the Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (N.D.R., R.T.); and Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (S.W.S.).
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Abumrad NA, Goldberg IJ. CD36 actions in the heart: Lipids, calcium, inflammation, repair and more? Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1861:1442-9. [PMID: 27004753 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
CD36 is a multifunctional immuno-metabolic receptor with many ligands. One of its physiological functions in the heart is the high-affinity uptake of long-chain fatty acids (FAs) from albumin and triglyceride rich lipoproteins. CD36 deletion markedly reduces myocardial FA uptake in rodents and humans. The protein is expressed on endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes and at both sites is likely to contribute to FA uptake by the myocardium. CD36 also transduces intracellular signaling events that influence how the FA is utilized and mediate metabolic effects of FA in the heart. CD36 transduced signaling regulates AMPK activation in a way that adjusts oxidation to FA uptake. It also impacts remodeling of myocardial phospholipids and eicosanoid production, effects exerted via influencing intracellular calcium (iCa(2+)) and the activation of phospholipases. Under excessive FA supply CD36 contributes to lipid accumulation, inflammation and dysfunction. However, it is also important for myocardial repair after injury via its contribution to immune cell clearance of apoptotic cells. This review describes recent progress regarding the multiple actions of CD36 in the heart and highlights those areas requiring future investigation. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Heart Lipid Metabolism edited by G.D. Lopaschuk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada A Abumrad
- Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States..
| | - Ira J Goldberg
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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Inoue Y, Kawai M, Minai K, Ogawa K, Nagoshi T, Ogawa T, Yoshimura M. The impact of an inverse correlation between plasma B-type natriuretic peptide levels and insulin resistance on the diabetic condition in patients with heart failure. Metabolism 2016; 65:38-47. [PMID: 26892514 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2015.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 09/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A diabetic state is causally related to heart failure (HF); therefore, there should be a close correlation between the severity of diabetes and HF. However, a direct relationship between these conditions has rarely been reported and remains unclear. This study was designed to precisely examine this relationship, taking into consideration the possible association between natriuretic peptide (NP) levels and insulin resistance. MATERIAL AND METHODS We examined various hemodynamic parameters and simultaneously performed blood biochemical analyses of consecutive patients who underwent cardiac catheterization at our institution (n=840). RESULTS Simple regression analyses showed that hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels were not significantly changed by the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), which were correlated with a low cardiac index. Rather, there was a negative correlation between the HbA1c levels and plasma BNP levels as a marker of HF. A multivariate analysis showed no correlations between the HbA1c levels and cardiac functional parameters (LVEDP, LVEF or the plasma BNP levels), suggesting that the trend toward high HbA1c levels in HF cases is likely to be limited for unknown reasons. To search for an explanation of this finding, we examined the potential biological interactions between BNP and insulin resistance. A multivariate analysis revealed that the plasma BNP levels were positively correlated with age, creatinine levels and LVEDP and inversely correlated with the male gender, body mass index and HOMA-IR (homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance) (P<0.001, respectively), but not HbA1c levels. This analysis indicated a close correlation between plasma BNP levels and insulin effectiveness in HF. CONCLUSIONS HF and diabetes tend to worsen with each other; however, the appearance of an association between them was likely blunted due to the considerable effect of NP in counteracting insulin resistance, even during the metabolically harmful condition of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Inoue
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Makoto Kawai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.
| | - Kosuke Minai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Kazuo Ogawa
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Nagoshi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Takayuki Ogawa
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Michihiro Yoshimura
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
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Lipid metabolism and signaling in cardiac lipotoxicity. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1861:1513-24. [PMID: 26924249 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The heart balances uptake, metabolism and oxidation of fatty acids (FAs) to maintain ATP production, membrane biosynthesis and lipid signaling. Under conditions where FA uptake outpaces FA oxidation and FA sequestration as triacylglycerols in lipid droplets, toxic FA metabolites such as ceramides, diacylglycerols, long-chain acyl-CoAs, and acylcarnitines can accumulate in cardiomyocytes and cause cardiomyopathy. Moreover, studies using mutant mice have shown that dysregulation of enzymes involved in triacylglycerol, phospholipid, and sphingolipid metabolism in the heart can lead to the excess deposition of toxic lipid species that adversely affect cardiomyocyte function. This review summarizes our current understanding of lipid uptake, metabolism and signaling pathways that have been implicated in the development of lipotoxic cardiomyopathy under conditions including obesity, diabetes, aging, and myocardial ischemia-reperfusion. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Heart Lipid Metabolism edited by G.D. Lopaschuk.
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Felício JS, Koury CC, Carvalho CT, Abrahão Neto JF, Miléo KB, Arbage TP, Silva DD, de Oliveira AF, Peixoto AS, Figueiredo AB, Ribeiro Dos Santos ÂKC, Yamada ES, Zanella MT. Present Insights on Cardiomyopathy in Diabetic Patients. Curr Diabetes Rev 2016; 12:384-395. [PMID: 26364799 PMCID: PMC5101638 DOI: 10.2174/1573399812666150914120529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is partially understood and is likely to be multifactorial, involving metabolic disturbances, hypertension and cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN). Therefore, an important need remains to further delineate the basic mechanisms of diabetic cardiomyopathy and to apply them to daily clinical practice. We attempt to detail some of these underlying mechanisms, focusing in the clinical features and management. The novelty of this review is the role of CAN and reduction of blood pressure descent during sleep in the development of DCM. Evidence has suggested that CAN might precede left ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction in normotensive patients with type 2 diabetes, serving as an early marker for the evaluation of preclinical cardiac abnormalities. Additionally, a prospective study demonstrated that an elevation of nocturnal systolic blood pressure and a loss of nocturnal blood pressure fall might precede the onset of abnormal albuminuria and cardiovascular events in hypertensive normoalbuminuric patients with type 2 diabetes. Therefore, existing microalbuminuria could imply the presence of myocardium abnormalities. Considering that DCM could be asymptomatic for a long period and progress to irreversible cardiac damage, early recognition and treatment of the preclinical cardiac abnormalities are essential to avoid severe cardiovascular outcomes. In this sense, we recommend that all type 2 diabetic patients, especially those with microalbuminuria, should be regularly submitted to CAN tests, Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring and echocardiography, and treated for any abnormalities in these tests in the attempt of reducing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Soares Felício
- Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto - Universidade Federal do Pará, Mundurucus Street, 4487 - Postal Code: 66073-000 - Guamá - Belém - PA - Brazil.
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Pillarisetti S. Potential Drug Combinations to Reduce Cardiovascular Disease Burden in Diabetes. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2015; 37:207-219. [PMID: 26719218 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2015.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The major cause of death and complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is cardiovascular disease (CVD). More than 60% of all patients with T2DM die of CVD, and an even greater percentage have serious complications. The impact of glucose lowering on cardiovascular complications is a hotly debated issue and recent large clinical trials reported no significant decrease in cardiovascular events with intensive glucose control. Risk remains high even after correcting diabetes-associated dyslipidemia with drugs such as fibrates and niacin. Data from several clinical studies show that postprandial glucose and lipids have a strong predictive value on myocardial infarction (MI) and mortality. However, strategies to reduce postprandial hyperglycemia and/or lipemia through increased utilization of glucose and/or triglycerides (TG) have been shown to not be effective in reducing the CVD burden. In this review, I discus the preferred ways to reduce postprandial glucose and TG with combinations of currently marketed drugs with potential benefit in CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivaram Pillarisetti
- Kareus Therapeutics SA, La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland; NeuroPn Therapeutics, GA, Alpharetta, USA.
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47
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Abdesselam I, Pepino P, Troalen T, Macia M, Ancel P, Masi B, Fourny N, Gaborit B, Giannesini B, Kober F, Dutour A, Bernard M. Time course of cardiometabolic alterations in a high fat high sucrose diet mice model and improvement after GLP-1 analog treatment using multimodal cardiovascular magnetic resonance. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2015; 17:95. [PMID: 26546347 PMCID: PMC4636800 DOI: 10.1186/s12968-015-0198-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular complications of obesity and diabetes are major health problems. Assessing their development, their link with ectopic fat deposition and their flexibility with therapeutic intervention is essential. The aim of this study was to longitudinally investigate cardiac alterations and ectopic fat accumulation associated with diet-induced obesity using multimodal cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) in mice. The second objective was to monitor cardiac response to exendin-4 (GLP-1 receptor agonist). METHODS Male C57BL6R mice subjected to a high fat (35 %) high sucrose (34 %) (HFHSD) or a standard diet (SD) during 4 months were explored every month with multimodal CMR to determine hepatic and myocardial triglyceride content (HTGC, MTGC) using proton MR spectroscopy, cardiac function with cine cardiac MR (CMR) and myocardial perfusion with arterial spin labeling CMR. Furthermore, mice treated with exendin-4 (30 μg/kg SC BID) after 4 months of diet were explored before and 14 days post-treatment with multimodal CMR. RESULTS HFHSD mice became significantly heavier (+33 %) and displayed glucose homeostasis impairment (1-month) as compared to SD mice, and developed early increase in HTGC (1 month, +59 %) and MTGC (2-month, +63 %). After 3 months, HFHSD mice developed cardiac dysfunction with significantly higher diastolic septum wall thickness (sWtnD) (1.28 ± 0.03 mm vs. 1.12 ± 0.03 mm) and lower cardiac index (0.45 ± 0.06 mL/min/g vs. 0.68 ± 0.07 mL/min/g, p = 0.02) compared to SD mice. A significantly lower cardiac perfusion was also observed (4 months:7.5 ± 0.8 mL/g/min vs. 10.0 ± 0.7 mL/g/min, p = 0.03). Cardiac function at 4 months was negatively correlated to both HTGC and MTGC (p < 0.05). 14-day treatment with Exendin-4 (Ex-4) dramatically reversed all these alterations in comparison with placebo-treated HFHSD. Ex-4 diminished myocardial triglyceride content (-57.8 ± 4.1 %), improved cardiac index (+38.9 ± 10.9 %) and restored myocardial perfusion (+52.8 ± 16.4 %) under isoflurane anesthesia. Interestingly, increased wall thickness and hepatic steatosis reductions were independent of weight loss and glycemia decrease in multivariate analysis (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION CMR longitudinal follow-up of cardiac consequences of obesity and diabetes showed early accumulation of ectopic fat in mice before the occurrence of microvascular and contractile dysfunction. This study also supports a cardioprotective effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inès Abdesselam
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CRMBM, UMR7339, 27, Bd Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, NORT, Inserm U1062/Inra1260, 13385, Marseille, France
| | - Pauline Pepino
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CRMBM, UMR7339, 27, Bd Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille, France
| | - Thomas Troalen
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CRMBM, UMR7339, 27, Bd Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille, France
| | - Michael Macia
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CRMBM, UMR7339, 27, Bd Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille, France
| | - Patricia Ancel
- Aix-Marseille Université, NORT, Inserm U1062/Inra1260, 13385, Marseille, France
| | - Brice Masi
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CRMBM, UMR7339, 27, Bd Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille, France
| | - Natacha Fourny
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CRMBM, UMR7339, 27, Bd Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille, France
| | - Bénédicte Gaborit
- Aix-Marseille Université, NORT, Inserm U1062/Inra1260, 13385, Marseille, France
- Endocrinology, Metabolic diseases and nutrition, CHU Nord, Marseille, France
| | - Benoît Giannesini
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CRMBM, UMR7339, 27, Bd Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille, France
| | - Frank Kober
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CRMBM, UMR7339, 27, Bd Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille, France
| | - Anne Dutour
- Aix-Marseille Université, NORT, Inserm U1062/Inra1260, 13385, Marseille, France
- Endocrinology, Metabolic diseases and nutrition, CHU Nord, Marseille, France
| | - Monique Bernard
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CRMBM, UMR7339, 27, Bd Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille, France.
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Muniyappa R, Noureldin R, Ouwerkerk R, Liu EY, Madan R, Abel BS, Mullins K, Walter MF, Skarulis MC, Gharib AM. Myocardial Fat Accumulation Is Independent of Measures of Insulin Sensitivity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015; 100:3060-8. [PMID: 26020762 PMCID: PMC4525006 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2015-1139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial steatosis, an independent predictor of diastolic dysfunction, is frequently present in type 2 diabetes mellitus. High free fatty acid flux, hyperglycemia, and hyperinsulinemia may play a role in myocardial steatosis. There are no prior studies examining the relationship between insulin sensitivity (antilipolytic and glucose disposal actions of insulin) and cardiac steatosis. OBJECTIVE Using a cross-sectional study design of individuals with and without metabolic syndrome (MetSyn), we examined the relationships between cardiac steatosis and the sensitivity of the antilipolytic and glucose disposal actions of insulin. METHODS Pericardial fat (PF) volume, intramyocardial and hepatic fat (MF and HF) content, visceral fat (VF) and sc fat content were assessed by magnetic resonance imaging in 77 subjects (49 without MetSyn and 28 with MetSyn). In a subset of the larger cohort (n = 52), peripheral insulin sensitivity index (SI) and adipocyte insulin sensitivity (Adipo-SI) were determined from an insulin-modified frequently sampled iv glucose tolerance test. The Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index was used as a surrogate for hepatic insulin sensitivity. RESULTS Individuals with the MetSyn had significantly higher body mass index, total body fat, and MF, PF, HF, and VF content. HF and VF, but not MF, were negatively correlated with the Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index, Adipo-SI, and SI. Stepwise regression revealed that waist circumference and serum triglyceride levels independently predicted MF and PF, respectively. Adipo-SI and serum triglyceride levels independently predict HF. CONCLUSION Myocardial steatosis is unrelated to hepatic, adipocyte, or peripheral insulin sensitivity. Although it is frequently observed in insulin-resistant subjects, further studies are necessary to identify and delineate pathogenic mechanisms that differentially affect cardiac and hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranganath Muniyappa
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch (R.Mu., E.Y.L., R.Ma., B.S.A., K.M., M.F.W., M.C.S.) and Biomedical and Metabolic Imaging Branch (R.N., R.O., A.M.G.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Radwa Noureldin
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch (R.Mu., E.Y.L., R.Ma., B.S.A., K.M., M.F.W., M.C.S.) and Biomedical and Metabolic Imaging Branch (R.N., R.O., A.M.G.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Ronald Ouwerkerk
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch (R.Mu., E.Y.L., R.Ma., B.S.A., K.M., M.F.W., M.C.S.) and Biomedical and Metabolic Imaging Branch (R.N., R.O., A.M.G.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Elizabeth Y Liu
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch (R.Mu., E.Y.L., R.Ma., B.S.A., K.M., M.F.W., M.C.S.) and Biomedical and Metabolic Imaging Branch (R.N., R.O., A.M.G.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Ritu Madan
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch (R.Mu., E.Y.L., R.Ma., B.S.A., K.M., M.F.W., M.C.S.) and Biomedical and Metabolic Imaging Branch (R.N., R.O., A.M.G.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Brent S Abel
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch (R.Mu., E.Y.L., R.Ma., B.S.A., K.M., M.F.W., M.C.S.) and Biomedical and Metabolic Imaging Branch (R.N., R.O., A.M.G.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Katherine Mullins
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch (R.Mu., E.Y.L., R.Ma., B.S.A., K.M., M.F.W., M.C.S.) and Biomedical and Metabolic Imaging Branch (R.N., R.O., A.M.G.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Mary F Walter
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch (R.Mu., E.Y.L., R.Ma., B.S.A., K.M., M.F.W., M.C.S.) and Biomedical and Metabolic Imaging Branch (R.N., R.O., A.M.G.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Monica C Skarulis
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch (R.Mu., E.Y.L., R.Ma., B.S.A., K.M., M.F.W., M.C.S.) and Biomedical and Metabolic Imaging Branch (R.N., R.O., A.M.G.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Ahmed M Gharib
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch (R.Mu., E.Y.L., R.Ma., B.S.A., K.M., M.F.W., M.C.S.) and Biomedical and Metabolic Imaging Branch (R.N., R.O., A.M.G.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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Grevengoed TJ, Cooper DE, Young PA, Ellis JM, Coleman RA. Loss of long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase isoform 1 impairs cardiac autophagy and mitochondrial structure through mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 activation. FASEB J 2015. [PMID: 26220174 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-272732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Because hearts with a temporally induced knockout of acyl-CoA synthetase 1 (Acsl1(T-/-)) are virtually unable to oxidize fatty acids, glucose use increases 8-fold to compensate. This metabolic switch activates mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), which initiates growth by increasing protein and RNA synthesis and fatty acid metabolism, while decreasing autophagy. Compared with controls, Acsl1(T-/-) hearts contained 3 times more mitochondria with abnormal structure and displayed a 35-43% lower respiratory function. To study the effects of mTORC1 activation on mitochondrial structure and function, mTORC1 was inhibited by treating Acsl1(T-/-) and littermate control mice with rapamycin or vehicle alone for 2 wk. Rapamycin treatment normalized mitochondrial structure, number, and the maximal respiration rate in Acsl1(T-/-) hearts, but did not improve ADP-stimulated oxygen consumption, which was likely caused by the 33-51% lower ATP synthase activity present in both vehicle- and rapamycin-treated Acsl1(T-/-) hearts. The turnover of microtubule associated protein light chain 3b in Acsl1(T-/-) hearts was 88% lower than controls, indicating a diminished rate of autophagy. Rapamycin treatment increased autophagy to a rate that was 3.1-fold higher than in controls, allowing the formation of autophagolysosomes and the clearance of damaged mitochondria. Thus, long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase isoform 1 (ACSL1) deficiency in the heart activated mTORC1, thereby inhibiting autophagy and increasing the number of damaged mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trisha J Grevengoed
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Daniel E Cooper
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Pamela A Young
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jessica M Ellis
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rosalind A Coleman
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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50
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Talati M, Hemnes A. Fatty acid metabolism in pulmonary arterial hypertension: role in right ventricular dysfunction and hypertrophy. Pulm Circ 2015; 5:269-78. [PMID: 26064451 DOI: 10.1086/681227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a complex, multifactorial disease in which an increase in pulmonary vascular resistance leads to increased afterload on the right ventricle (RV), causing right heart failure and death. Our understanding of the pathophysiology of RV dysfunction in PAH is limited but is constantly improving. Increasing evidence suggests that in PAH RV dysfunction is associated with various components of metabolic syndrome, such as insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia. The relationship between RV dysfunction and fatty acid/glucose metabolites is multifaceted, and in PAH it is characterized by a shift in utilization of energy sources toward increased glucose utilization and reduced fatty acid consumption. RV dysfunction may be caused by maladaptive fatty acid metabolism resulting from an increase in fatty acid uptake by fatty acid transporter molecule CD36 and an imbalance between glucose and fatty acid oxidation in mitochondria. This leads to lipid accumulation in the form of triglycerides, diacylglycerol, and ceramides in the cytoplasm, hallmarks of lipotoxicity. Current interventions in animal models focus on improving RV dysfunction through altering fatty acid oxidation rates and limiting lipid accumulation, but more specific and effective therapies may be available in the coming years based on current research. In conclusion, a deeper understanding of the complex mechanisms of the metabolic remodeling of the RV will aid in the development of targeted treatments for RV failure in PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Talati
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Anna Hemnes
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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