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Tang H, Huang Y, Yuan D, Liu J. Atherosclerosis, gut microbiome, and exercise in a meta-omics perspective: a literature review. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17185. [PMID: 38584937 PMCID: PMC10999153 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide, significantly impacting public health. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases account for the majority of these deaths, with atherosclerosis marking the initial and most critical phase of their pathophysiological progression. There is a complex relationship between atherosclerosis, the gut microbiome's composition and function, and the potential mediating role of exercise. The adaptability of the gut microbiome and the feasibility of exercise interventions present novel opportunities for therapeutic and preventative approaches. Methodology We conducted a comprehensive literature review using professional databases such as PubMed and Web of Science. This review focuses on the application of meta-omics techniques, particularly metagenomics and metabolomics, in studying the effects of exercise interventions on the gut microbiome and atherosclerosis. Results Meta-omics technologies offer unparalleled capabilities to explore the intricate connections between exercise, the microbiome, the metabolome, and cardiometabolic health. This review highlights the advancements in metagenomics and metabolomics, their applications in research, and examines how exercise influences the gut microbiome. We delve into the mechanisms connecting these elements from a metabolic perspective. Metagenomics provides insight into changes in microbial strains post-exercise, while metabolomics sheds light on the shifts in metabolites. Together, these approaches offer a comprehensive understanding of how exercise impacts atherosclerosis through specific mechanisms. Conclusions Exercise significantly influences atherosclerosis, with the gut microbiome serving as a critical intermediary. Meta-omics technology holds substantial promise for investigating the gut microbiome; however, its methodologies require further refinement. Additionally, there is a pressing need for more extensive cohort studies to enhance our comprehension of the connection among these element.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Tang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yanqing Huang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Didi Yuan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Junwen Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Amariuta T, Siewert-Rocks K, Price AL. Modeling tissue co-regulation estimates tissue-specific contributions to disease. Nat Genet 2023; 55:1503-1511. [PMID: 37580597 PMCID: PMC10904330 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-023-01474-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Integrative analyses of genome-wide association studies and gene expression data have implicated many disease-critical tissues. However, co-regulation of genetic effects on gene expression across tissues impedes distinguishing biologically causal tissues from tagging tissues. In the present study, we introduce tissue co-regulation score regression (TCSC), which disentangles causal tissues from tagging tissues by regressing gene-disease association statistics (from transcriptome-wide association studies) on tissue co-regulation scores, reflecting correlations of predicted gene expression across genes and tissues. We applied TCSC to 78 diseases/traits (average n = 302,000) and gene expression prediction models for 48 GTEx tissues. TCSC identified 21 causal tissue-trait pairs at a 5% false discovery rate (FDR), including well-established findings, biologically plausible new findings (for example, aorta artery and glaucoma) and increased specificity of known tissue-trait associations (for example, subcutaneous adipose, but not visceral adipose, and high-density lipoprotein). TCSC also identified 17 causal tissue-trait covariance pairs at 5% FDR. In conclusion, TCSC is a precise method for distinguishing causal tissues from tagging tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Amariuta
- Halıcıoğlu Data Science Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Katherine Siewert-Rocks
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alkes L Price
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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3
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Rezaee M, Fallahzadeh A, Sheikhy A, Jameie M, Behnoush AH, Pashang M, Tajdini M, Tavolinejad H, Masoudkabir F, Mansourian S, Momtahen S, Tafti HA, Hosseini K. BMI modifies HDL-C effects on coronary artery bypass grafting outcomes. Lipids Health Dis 2022; 21:128. [PMID: 36447289 PMCID: PMC9710033 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-022-01739-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the recognized implications of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in cardiovascular diseases, the role of body mass index (BMI) in HDL-C association with cardiovascular outcomes remains unclear. This study investigated the possible modifying implications of BMI on the correlation between HDL-C and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) outcomes. METHODS The present cohort included isolated CABG patients (median follow-up: 76.58 [75.79-77.38] months). The participants were classified into three groups: 18.5 ≤ BMI < 25 (normal), 25 ≤ BMI < 30 (overweight), and 30 ≤ BMI < 35 (obese) kg/m2. Cox proportional hazard models (CPHs) and restricted cubic splines (RCSs) were applied to evaluate the relationship between HDL-C and all-cause mortality as well as major adverse cardio-cerebrovascular events (MACCEs) in different BMI categories. RESULTS This study enrolled a total of 15,639 patients. Considering the final Cox analysis among the normal and overweight groups, HDL-C ≥ 60 was a significant protective factor compared to 40 < HDL-C < 60 for all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR): 0.47, P: 0.027; and aHR: 0.64, P: 0.007, respectively). However, the protective effect of HDL-C ≥ 60 was no longer observed among patients with 30 ≤ BMI < 35 (aHR: 1.16, P = 0.668). RCS trend analyses recapitulated these findings; among 30 ≤ BMI < 35, no uniform inverse linear association was observed; after approximately HDL-C≈55, its increase was no longer associated with reduced mortality risk. RCS analyses on MACCE revealed a plateau effect followed by a modest rise in overweight and obese patients from HDL-C = 40 onward (nonlinear association). CONCLUSIONS Very high HDL-C (≥ 60 mg/dL) was not related to better outcomes among obese CABG patients. Furthermore, HDL-C was related to the post-CABG outcomes in a nonlinear manner, and the magnitude of its effects also differed across BMI subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malihe Rezaee
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ,grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ,grid.411600.2Medical Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aida Fallahzadeh
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ,grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ,grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Non-Communicable Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Sheikhy
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ,grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ,grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Non-Communicable Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mana Jameie
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ,grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ,grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Non-Communicable Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Behnoush
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ,grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ,grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Non-Communicable Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Pashang
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ,grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masih Tajdini
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ,grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Tavolinejad
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ,grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ,grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Non-Communicable Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Masoudkabir
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ,grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheil Mansourian
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahram Momtahen
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Ahmadi Tafti
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kaveh Hosseini
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ,grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ,grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Cardiology Department, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, North Karegar Ave, P.O. Box: 1411713138, Tehran, Iran
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ABD MUID SUHAILA, AWANG JALIL REMEE, HARUN NOORHANISA, MOHD NAWAWI HAPIZAH, RUTH FROEMMING GABRIELEANISAH. HDL AND ITS SUBPOPULATION (HDL2 AND HDL3) PROMOTE CHOLESTEROL TRANSPORTERS EXPRESSION AND ATTENUATES INFLAMMATION IN 3T3-L1 MATURE ADIPOCYTES INDUCED BY TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA. MALAYSIAN APPLIED BIOLOGY 2022; 51:153-167. [DOI: 10.55230/mabjournal.v51i4.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Obesity activates inflammation causing dysfunction of adipocytes. Increasing high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels in obesity may be beneficial in overcoming this effect. However, not much data is available on the effects of HDL and its subpopulations in inflamed adipocytes. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of total HDL (tHDL) and the comparison between its subpopulations (HDL2 & HDL3) on protein and gene expression of cholesterol transporters, inflammation, and adipokines in TNF-α stimulated 3T3-L1 mature adipocytes. TNFα alone had lower adiponectin and higher protein and gene expression of IL-6 and NF-ĸβ (p65) compared to unstimulated adipocytes and these effects were attenuated by HDLs especially HDL3 (in most of the biomarkers). HDL and its subpopulation had higher cholesterol transporters expression in 3T3-L1 mature adipocytes induced by TNF-α compared to unstimulated cells. Increment of cholesterol transporters expression by HDL leads to reduce secretion of inflammatory markers [IL-6 & NF-kB (p65)] and visfatin and increases adiponectin secretion in the inflamed mature adipocytes. HDL exhibits beyond its reverse cholesterol transporter property by exhibiting anti-inflammatory effects thru the deactivation of NF-ĸβ (p65). This may contribute to reducing the progression of obesity-related complications.
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5
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Xu H, Thomas MJ, Kaul S, Kallinger R, Ouweneel AB, Maruko E, Oussaada SM, Jongejan A, Cense HA, Nieuwdorp M, Serlie MJ, Goldberg IJ, Civelek M, Parks BW, Lusis AJ, Knaack D, Schill RL, May SC, Reho JJ, Grobe JL, Gantner B, Sahoo D, Sorci-Thomas MG. Pcpe2, a Novel Extracellular Matrix Protein, Regulates Adipocyte SR-BI-Mediated High-Density Lipoprotein Uptake. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:2708-2725. [PMID: 34551590 PMCID: PMC8551036 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.121.316615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the role of adipocyte Pcpe2 (procollagen C-endopeptidase enhancer 2) in SR-BI (scavenger receptor class BI)-mediated HDL-C (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) uptake and contributions to adipose lipid storage. Approach and Results Pcpe2, a glycoprotein devoid of intrinsic proteolytic activity, is believed to participate in extracellular protein-protein interactions, supporting SR-BI- mediated HDL-C uptake. In published studies, Pcpe2 deficiency increased the development of atherosclerosis by reducing SR-BI-mediated HDL-C catabolism, but the biological impact of this deficiency on adipocyte SR-BI-mediated HDL-C uptake is unknown. Differentiated cells from Ldlr-/-/Pcpe2-/- (Pcpe2-/-) mouse adipose tissue showed elevated SR-BI protein levels, but significantly reduced HDL-C uptake compared to Ldlr-/- (control) adipose tissue. SR-BI-mediated HDL-C uptake was restored by preincubation of cells with exogenous Pcpe2. In diet-fed mice lacking Pcpe2, significant reductions in visceral, subcutaneous, and brown adipose tissue mass were observed, despite elevations in plasma triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations. Significant positive correlations exist between adipose mass and Pcpe2 expression in both mice and humans. Conclusions Overall, these findings reveal a novel and unexpected function for Pcpe2 in modulating SR-BI expression and function as it relates to adipose tissue expansion and cholesterol balance in both mice and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine
| | - Michael J. Thomas
- Pharmacology & Toxicology and
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Sushma Kaul
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine
| | | | - Amber B. Ouweneel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine
| | - Elisa Maruko
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine
| | - Sabrina M. Oussaada
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Aldo Jongejan
- Department of Bioinformatics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Huib A. Cense
- Department of Surgery, Rode Kruis Ziekenhuis, Beverwijk, the Netherlands
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mireille J. Serlie
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ira J. Goldberg
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, New York University Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Mete Civelek
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Brian W. Parks
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Aldons J. Lusis
- Department of Medicine, Human Genetics, Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, California
| | - Darcy Knaack
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Rebecca L. Schill
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Sarah C. May
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - John J. Reho
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Comprehensive Rodent Metabolic Phenotyping Core
| | - Justin L. Grobe
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Comprehensive Rodent Metabolic Phenotyping Core
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
| | - Benjamin Gantner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine
| | - Daisy Sahoo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine
- Pharmacology & Toxicology and
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Mary G. Sorci-Thomas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine
- Pharmacology & Toxicology and
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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6
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Sinha SK, Shaheen M, Singh VR, Rajavashisth TB, Pan D, Sun L, Norris KC, Nicholas SB. How Clinically Relevant Is C-Reactive Protein for Blacks with Metabolic Syndrome to Predict Microalbuminuria? Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2021; 19:39-47. [PMID: 32896227 PMCID: PMC7891189 DOI: 10.1089/met.2019.0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with elevated urinary albumin (UA) excretion and C-reactive protein (CRP). However, potential differences in CRP levels on the association between individual components of the MetS and microalbuminuria (MA; 30-300 μg/mL) and/or UA (0-300 μg/mL) by race/ethnicity is unknown. Methods: We analyzed National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) data, (1999-2010) for adults (≥20 years of age) with the MetS (N = 5700). The Sobel-Goodman mediation test examined the influence of CRP on the association between individual MetS components and both MA and UA by race/ethnicity. We applied machine learning models to predict UA. Results: CRP mediated the association between waist circumference (WC) and MA in Whites and Hispanics but not in Blacks. However, in general, the proportion of the total effect of MetS components on UA, mediated by CRP, was: 11% for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and 40% for WC (P < 0.001). In contrast to MA, the mediation effect of CRP for WC and UA was highest for Blacks (94%) compared with Whites (55%) or Hispanics (18%), P < 0.05. The prediction of an elevated UA concentration was increased in Blacks (∼51%) with the MetS when CRP was added to the random forest model. Conclusions: CRP mediates the association between UA and both HDL-C and WC in Whites and Blacks and between UA and WC in Hispanics. Moreover, the machine learning approach suggests that the incorporation of CRP may improve model prediction of UA in Blacks. These findings may favor screening for CRP in persons with the MetS, particularly in Blacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyesh K. Sinha
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Magda Shaheen
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Tripathi B. Rajavashisth
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Molecular Biology Unit, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Deyu Pan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ling Sun
- Division of Nephrology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Medical College of Southeast University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Keith C. Norris
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Susanne B. Nicholas
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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7
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Lu Q, Guo P, Liu A, Ares I, Martínez-Larrañaga MR, Wang X, Anadón A, Martínez MA. The role of long noncoding RNA in lipid, cholesterol, and glucose metabolism and treatment of obesity syndrome. Med Res Rev 2020; 41:1751-1774. [PMID: 33368430 DOI: 10.1002/med.21775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity syndromes, characterized by abnormal lipid, cholesterol, and glucose metabolism, are detrimental to human health and cause many diseases, including obesity and type II diabetes. Increasing evidence has shown that long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides that are not translated into proteins, play an important role in regulating abnormal metabolism in obesity syndromes. For the first time, we systematically summarize how lncRNA is involved in complex obesity metabolic syndromes, including the regulation of lipid, cholesterol, and glucose metabolism. Moreover, we discuss lncRNA involvement in food intake that mediates obesity syndromes. Furthermore, this review might shed new light on a lncRNA-based strategy for the prevention and treatment of obesity syndromes. Recent investigations support that lncRNA is a novel molecular target of obesity syndromes and should be emphasized. Namely, lncRNA plays a crucial role in the development of obesity syndrome process. Various lncRNAs are involved in the process of lipid, cholesterol, and glucose metabolism by regulating gene transcription, signaling pathway, and epigenetic modification of metabolism-related genes, proteins, and enzymes. Food intake could also induce abnormal expression of lncRNA associated with obesity syndrome, especially high-fat diet. Notably, some nanomolecules and natural extracts may target lncRNAs, associated with obesity syndrome, as a potential treatment for obesity syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qirong Lu
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU), MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,MAO Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Pu Guo
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU), MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,MAO Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Aimei Liu
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU), MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,MAO Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Irma Ares
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - María-Rosa Martínez-Larrañaga
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Xu Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU), MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,MAO Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Arturo Anadón
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - María-Aránzazu Martínez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
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8
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Pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176275. [PMID: 32872570 PMCID: PMC7503727 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 971] [Impact Index Per Article: 242.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), one of the most common metabolic disorders, is caused by a combination of two primary factors: defective insulin secretion by pancreatic β-cells and the inability of insulin-sensitive tissues to respond appropriately to insulin. Because insulin release and activity are essential processes for glucose homeostasis, the molecular mechanisms involved in the synthesis and release of insulin, as well as in its detection are tightly regulated. Defects in any of the mechanisms involved in these processes can lead to a metabolic imbalance responsible for the development of the disease. This review analyzes the key aspects of T2DM, as well as the molecular mechanisms and pathways implicated in insulin metabolism leading to T2DM and insulin resistance. For that purpose, we summarize the data gathered up until now, focusing especially on insulin synthesis, insulin release, insulin sensing and on the downstream effects on individual insulin-sensitive organs. The review also covers the pathological conditions perpetuating T2DM such as nutritional factors, physical activity, gut dysbiosis and metabolic memory. Additionally, because T2DM is associated with accelerated atherosclerosis development, we review here some of the molecular mechanisms that link T2DM and insulin resistance (IR) as well as cardiovascular risk as one of the most important complications in T2DM.
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9
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Jiang M, Li D, Piao J, Li J, Sun H, Chen L, Chen S, Pi J, Zhang R, Chen R, Leng S, Chen W, Zheng Y. Real-ambient exposure to air pollution exaggerates excessive growth of adipose tissue modulated by Nrf2 signal. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 730:138652. [PMID: 32416500 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution was becoming a global threat to the public health, which was primarily mediated by PM2.5 induced cardiovascular diseases and pulmonary diseases. Recently, observational epidemiologic studies proposed the link between PM2.5 and obesity. Consistently, the link was also supported by limited animal researches. However, the potential mechanism mediating the harmful effects of PM2.5 was still elusive. In this study, we applied the "real-ambient exposure" system to conduct the experiments, which was closer to the status of ambient air pollution compared with the method of intratracheal instillation and concentrated air particles (CAPs) exposure system. Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) was previously reported to protect against inflammation and oxidative stress when exposed to PM2.5. Here, we reported that Nrf2-/- mice developed overgrowth of adipose tissue after "real-ambient exposure" to PM2.5, compared to filtered air (FA) group. Consistently, compared to FA group, adipocytes from subcutaneous (sWAT) and gonadal (gWAT) white adipose tissue of Nrf2-/- mice exhibited enlarged cell size in PM2.5 exposure group. Furthermore, the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in serum and liver of Nrf2-/- mice were also altered statistically in PM2.5 exposure group. Importantly, when the expression of lipogenic enzymes was analyzed, the levels of the related specific genes in adipose tissue and liver of Nrf2-/- mice were altered in PM2.5 exposure group. Interestingly, the key transcription factors modulating expression of lipogenic enzymes in liver of Nrf2-/- mice were also found altered in PM2.5 exposure group, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARα, PPARγ). Taken together, our study mimicked the status of ambient air pollution, revealed new insights into the adverse effect of PM2.5 exposure, provided new link between air pollution and overgrowth of adipose tissue, and supported the vital role of Nrf2 in mediating the side effects of PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghui Jiang
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Daochuan Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinmei Piao
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jianyu Li
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hao Sun
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Chen
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shen Chen
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingbo Pi
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Rui Chen
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuguang Leng
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxin Zheng
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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Lorenzatti AJ, Toth PP. New Perspectives on Atherogenic Dyslipidaemia and Cardiovascular Disease. Eur Cardiol 2020; 15:1-9. [PMID: 32180834 PMCID: PMC7066832 DOI: 10.15420/ecr.2019.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, atherogenic dyslipidaemia has become one of the most common phenotypic presentations of lipid abnormalities, being strongly and unequivocally associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) disease. Despite the excellent results achieved from statin and non-statin management of LDL cholesterol and CV events prevention, there still remains a significant residual risk, associated with the prevalence of non-LDL cholesterol lipid patterns characterised by elevated triglyceride levels, low HDL cholesterol, a preponderance of small and dense LDL particles, accumulation of remnant lipoproteins and postprandial hyperlipidaemia. These qualitative and quantitative lipid modifications are largely associated with insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and obesity, the prevalence of which has grown to epidemic proportions throughout the world. In this review, we analyse the pathophysiology of this particular dyslipidaemia, its relationship with the development of atherosclerotic CV disease and, finally, briefly describe the therapeutic approaches, including changes in lifestyle and current pharmacological interventions to manage these lipid alterations aimed at preventing CV events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto J Lorenzatti
- DAMIC Medical Institute, Rusculleda Foundation for Research, Cordoba, Argentina.,Department of Cardiology, Cordoba Hospital, Cordoba, Argentina
| | - Peter P Toth
- CGH Medical Center, Sterling, IL, US.,Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, US
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11
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Zhang T, Chen J, Tang X, Luo Q, Xu D, Yu B. Interaction between adipocytes and high-density lipoprotein:new insights into the mechanism of obesity-induced dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis. Lipids Health Dis 2019; 18:223. [PMID: 31842884 PMCID: PMC6913018 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-019-1170-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is the most common nutritional disorder worldwide and is associated with dyslipidemia and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The hallmark of dyslipidemia in obesity is low high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. Moreover, the quality of HDL is also changed in the obese setting. However, there are still some disputes on the explanations for this phenomenon. There is increasing evidence that adipose tissue, as an energy storage tissue, participates in several metabolism activities, such as hormone secretion and cholesterol efflux. It can influence overall reverse cholesterol transport and plasma HDL-C level. In obesity individuals, the changes in morphology and function of adipose tissue affect plasma HDL-C levels and HDL function, thus, adipose tissue should be the main target for the treatment of HDL metabolism in obesity. In this review, we will summarize the cross-talk between adipocytes and HDL related to cardiovascular disease and focus on the new insights of the potential mechanism underlying obesity and HDL dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhua Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Luo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Danyan Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Bilian Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth E Ha
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Robert C Bauer
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
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Kaya C, Cengiz H, Alay İ, Örs S, Kaya SE, Ekin M, Yaşar L. The Relation Between Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components with Breast Density in Postmenopausal Women. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2019; 17:341-345. [PMID: 31045476 DOI: 10.1089/met.2018.0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) could lead to an increase in fatty tissue that could be seen as a radiolucent image depicting breast density (BD) by a mammogram. We aimed to investigate the association between MetS and its separate components with BD among naturally postmenopausal women. Materials and Methods: Data of 494 postmenopausal patients who were admitted to our outpatient clinic between December 2012 and July 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. A total of 279 patients were in the without MetS group and 215 patients were in the with MetS group. Average BD percentage of the left and right breasts were measured. Basic characteristics, laboratory, and mammography results between the without MetS and the with MetS groups were compared. Results: The mean age of the patients was 53.20 ± 6.67 years in the without MetS group and 55.41 ± 6.56 years in the with MetS group. There were 219 (78.5%) patients in the without MetS group and 187 (86.9%) patients in the with MetS group with lower BD. The without MetS group had significantly higher BD scores than those patients in the with MetS group (P = 0.02). In correlation analysis, there was a negative correlation between fasting plasma glucose (FPG), systolic and diastolic blood pressures, waist circumference (WC), and BD scores. However, there was a positive correlation between high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and BD score (P = 0.046). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, it is found that lower body mass index (BMI) and parity were significantly associated with higher BD (P = 0.002 and P = 0.001; respectively). Conclusion: The lower BMI and parity may be associated with higher BD in postmenopausal women. In addition, higher HDL and lower FPG, blood pressure, triglyceride, and WC may be correlated with higher BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cihan Kaya
- 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Cengiz
- 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - İsmail Alay
- 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Suna Örs
- 2Department of Radiology, Van Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Van, Turkey
| | - Sinem Ertaş Kaya
- 3Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, VKV American Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Murat Ekin
- 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Levent Yaşar
- 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
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Generoso G, Bensenor IM, Santos IS, Santos RD, Goulart AC, Jones SR, Kulkarni KR, Blaha MJ, Toth PP, Lotufo PA, Bittencourt MS. Diabetes alters the association between high-density lipoprotein subfractions and carotid intima-media thickness: The Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). Diab Vasc Dis Res 2018; 15:541-547. [PMID: 30024274 DOI: 10.1177/1479164118788080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION High-density lipoprotein cholesterol comprises a group of heterogeneous subfractions that might have differential effects on atherosclerosis. Moreover, prior investigations suggest that the presence of diabetes (T2D) modifies the impact of some subfractions on atherosclerosis. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the association between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol subfractions and carotid intima-media thickness in the baseline assessment of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health participants from the São Paulo investigation centre. METHODS We evaluated 3930 individuals between 35 and 74 years without previous cardiovascular disease not using lipid-lowering drugs. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol subfractions (HDL2-C and HDL3-C) were measured by vertical ultracentrifugation (vertical auto profile). The relationship between each high-density lipoprotein cholesterol subfraction and carotid intima-media thickness was analysed by multiple linear regression models. RESULTS Total high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, as well as HDL2-C and HDL3-C, was negatively associated with carotid intima-media thickness after adjustment for demographic data (all p < 0.001) and traditional risk factors (all p < 0.05). When stratified by T2D status, the HDL2-C/HDL3-C ratio showed a negative association with carotid intima-media thickness in participants with T2D ( p = 0.032), even after fully controlling for confounding variables, including total high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. CONCLUSION HDL2-C, HDL3-C and HDL2/HDL3-C ratio are inversely associated with carotid intima-media thickness after adjustment for traditional risk factors. Association of the HDL2-C/HDL3-C ratio is modified by the presence of diabetes, being more pronounced in diabetic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliano Generoso
- 1 Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- 2 Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isabela M Bensenor
- 2 Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- 3 Departamento de Clinica Medica, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Itamar S Santos
- 2 Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- 3 Departamento de Clinica Medica, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raul D Santos
- 1 Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alessandra C Goulart
- 2 Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Steven R Jones
- 4 The Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Michael J Blaha
- 4 The Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter P Toth
- 4 The Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Baltimore, MD, USA
- 6 Preventive Cardiology, CGH Medical Center, Sterling, IL, USA
| | - Paulo A Lotufo
- 2 Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- 3 Departamento de Clinica Medica, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcio Sommer Bittencourt
- 1 Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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15
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Abraham BF, Olarewaju SA, Ronke A, Oladipo AE. Antidiabetic and Antidyslipidemic Activities of the Aqueous Extract of Cochlospermum planchonii Leaves in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2017; 42:553-560. [PMID: 29184263 PMCID: PMC5684376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus is considered one of the 5 principal causes of death in the world and is recognized as a global public health issue because of its multifactorial facets affecting essential biochemical processes in the body. This study investigated the antidiabetic and antidyslipidemic activities of the aqueous extract of Cochlospermum planchonii (C. planchonii) leaves in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. METHODS Thirty adult female rats (Rattus norvegicus) weighing 153±3.41g were randomized into 6 groups of 5 animals each. STZ-induced diabetic rats were orally administered 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg body weight of the extract, respectively, once a day, and their blood glucose levels as well as variations of diabetes-associated biomarkers including alpha amylase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), and lipid profile by the extract were monitored for 21 days. The results were expressed as means±SEMs and compared with repeated measures using SPSS, Data Editor, version 16.0. RESULTS The aqueous extract of C. planchonii leaves significantly reduced the blood glucose level in a dose-dependent manner, with the highest dose producing a 74.52% reduction after 21 days of administration, which compared significantly (P<0.01) with the control and metformin-treated groups. Similarly, STZ-induced diabetic mediated alterations in the serum lipids were significantly (P<0.01) restored by the extract. In addition, the aqueous extract of C. planchonii leaves significantly attenuated the decrease in the activity of G6PDH and the increase in the activity of α-AMY in the liver of the STZ-induced diabetic rats. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the aqueous extract of C. planchonii leaves could be used to manage diabetes and other related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bamisaye Fisayo Abraham
- Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology (Biochemistry Unit), Kwara State University, Malete, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Sulyman Abdulhakeem Olarewaju
- Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology (Biochemistry Unit), Kwara State University, Malete, Ilorin, Nigeria,Correspondence: Sulyman Abdulhakeem Olarewaju, MS; Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology (Biochemistry Unit), Kwara State University, Malete, PMB. 1530, Ilorin, Nigeria Tel: +234 806 8486088
| | - Abegunde Ronke
- Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology (Biochemistry Unit), Kwara State University, Malete, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Ajani Emmanuel Oladipo
- Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology (Biochemistry Unit), Kwara State University, Malete, Ilorin, Nigeria
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Antihyperlipidemic and hepatoprotective properties of selenium modified polysaccharide from Lachnum sp. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 99:88-95. [PMID: 28212936 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.01.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is one of the major health problem people suffering throughout the world, which is also a major risk factor for chronic heart disease that can lead to death. The current study was designed to investigate antihyperlipidemic and hepatoprotective effects of selenium modified exopolysaccharide of Lachnum sp. (SeLEP-1b) on high-fat induced mice model. Nitric acid-sodium selenite (HNO3-Na2SeO3) method was used to selenize pure LEP-1b. FT-IR and 13C NMR results confirmed the modification of LEP-1b into SeLEP-1b. The main structure of SeLEP-1b was similar to the original structure of native LEP-1b and Se(O)OH group was attached to the O-6 position of C-6 in LEP-1b. Oral administration of LEP-1b and SeLEP-1b (200mg/kg) notably reduced the serum and liver lipids, atherogenic index, and enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes of hyperlipidemic mice, aswell improved the histopathological status of hepatic tissues. Hence, SeLEP-1b showed better effects than LEP-1b at the same doses. SeLEP-1b demonstrated promising lipid-lowering and liver protecting activities, which may be considered as a novel compound to treat hyperlipidemia and also act as a hepatoprotective agent.
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17
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A rapid and precise method for measuring plasma apoE-rich HDL using polyethylene glycol and cation-exchange chromatography: a pilot study on the clinical significance of apoE-rich HDL measurements. Clin Chim Acta 2017; 465:112-118. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2016.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Navghare V, Dhawale S. Suppression of Type-II Diabetes with Dyslipidemia and Nephropathy by Peels of Musa cavendish Fruit. Indian J Clin Biochem 2016; 31:380-9. [PMID: 27605735 PMCID: PMC4992486 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-016-0548-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Musa cavendish, peels has local and traditional use to promote wound healing, hyperglycemia, ulceration etc. The present work investigated the lipid lowering; nephroprotective and glucose lowering properties of ethanolic extract of peels of Musa cavendish (EMC) in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The EMC 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg/day and the vehicle were administered orally to alloxan-induced diabetic rats (n = 6) for 3 weeks. Changes in plasma glucose, lipid profile along with kidney function before and after treatment with EMC were recorded. The ethanolic extract of peels of Musa cavendish reduced blood glucose, serum triglyceride, cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and creatinine levels and improvement in body weight, liver glycogen, serum HDL cholesterol, serum albumin and total protein level when compared with untreated rats. Musa cavendish has lipid lowering, nephroprotective and antidiabetic property by regulating glucose uptake in the liver and muscles by restoring the intracellular energy balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Navghare
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, S.R.T.M. University, Nanded, Maharashtra 431606 India
| | - Shashikant Dhawale
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, S.R.T.M. University, Nanded, Maharashtra 431606 India
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Ajiboye TO, Iliasu GA, Adeleye AO, Ojewuyi OB, Kolawole FL, Bello SA, Mohammed AO. A fermented sorghum/millet-based beverage, Obiolor, extenuates high-fat diet-induced dyslipidaemia and redox imbalance in the livers of rats. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2016; 96:791-797. [PMID: 25712581 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obiolor, a non-alcoholic beverage produced from fermented sorghum and millet malts, is widely consumed on a daily basis by the Igala tribe in Nigeria and is closely associated with good health. The effect of Obiolor on dyslipidaemia, protein oxidation, lipid peroxidation and DNA fragmentation in the liver of rats fed a high-fat diet was investigated. RESULTS High-fat diet-mediated alterations in liver and serum total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density cholesterol and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly (P < 0.05) reversed by Obiolor. The beverage increased the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase in the liver of rats. These increases significantly (P < 0.05) attenuated the high-fat diet-mediated decrease in antioxidant enzymes. High-fat diet-mediated elevations in the levels of conjugated dienes, lipid hydroperoxides, malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl and DNA fragmentation in the livers of rats were lowered by the beverage. CONCLUSION This study showed that Obiolor extenuated high-fat diet-mediated dyslipidaemia, protein oxidation, lipid peroxidation and DNA fragmentation in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taofeek O Ajiboye
- Antioxidants, Free Radicals, Functional Foods and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Al-Hikmah University, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Ganiyat A Iliasu
- Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Sciences, Fountain University, Osogbo, Nigeria
| | - Abdulwasiu O Adeleye
- Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Sciences, Fountain University, Osogbo, Nigeria
| | - Oluwayemisi B Ojewuyi
- Antioxidants, Free Radicals, Functional Foods and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Al-Hikmah University, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Fausat L Kolawole
- Department of Home Economics and Food Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Sharafa A Bello
- Industrial Microbiology Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Al-Hikmah University, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Aisha O Mohammed
- Industrial Microbiology Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Al-Hikmah University, Ilorin, Nigeria
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Bays HE, Jones PH, Jacobson TA, Cohen DE, Orringer CE, Kothari S, Azagury DE, Morton J, Nguyen NT, Westman EC, Horn DB, Scinta W, Primack C. Lipids and bariatric procedures part 1 of 2: Scientific statement from the National Lipid Association, American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, and Obesity Medicine Association: FULL REPORT. J Clin Lipidol 2016; 10:33-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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21
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Bays HE, Jones PH, Jacobson TA, Cohen DE, Orringer CE, Kothari S, Azagury DE, Morton J, Nguyen NT, Westman EC, Horn DB, Scinta W, Primack C. Lipids and bariatric procedures part 1 of 2: Scientific statement from the National Lipid Association, American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, and Obesity Medicine Association: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY. J Clin Lipidol 2016; 10:15-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Bag-Ozbek A, Giles JT. Inflammation, adiposity, and atherogenic dyslipidemia in rheumatoid arthritis: is there a paradoxical relationship? Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2015; 15:497. [PMID: 25504261 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-014-0497-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Dyslipidemia is highly prevalent in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and appears to be present very early in the RA disease process, in some studies even before a diagnosis of clinical RA has been made. The association between lipid measures and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in RA appears to be paradoxical, whereby lower levels of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), and atherogenic ratios are associated with higher CVD risk. This may be due to the lipid-lowering effects of RA-related systemic inflammation. Therefore, standard CVD risk calculators have been shown to underperform in RA. Data also suggest that lipoprotein particle sizes and the apolipoprotein cargo of lipoproteins skew toward atherogenic dyslipidemia in RA and may contribute to the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. Inflammatory burden in RA may also alter the anti-inflammatory and atheroprotective roles associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Adipose tissue is quantitatively increased in RA patients compared with matched non-RA controls and may be more inflamed and metabolically dysfunctional compared with an otherwise similar non-RA patient. In vitro, animal, and a handful of non-RA human, studies suggest that inflamed, metabolically dysfunctional adipose tissue contributes directly to lower HDL-C levels. In turn, lower HDL-C that has been altered functionally by inflammation may lead to expanded adipose mass and further adipose dysfunction and inflammation. In the last part of this review, we speculate how the RA disease state may recapitulate these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Bag-Ozbek
- Division of Rheumatology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 630 W 168th St, Physicians and Surgeons Building, Suite 10-445, New York, NY, 10032, USA
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Oloyede HOB, Bello TO, Ajiboye TO, Salawu MO. Antidiabetic and antidyslipidemic activities of aqueous leaf extract of Dioscoreophyllum cumminsii (Stapf) Diels in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 166:313-322. [PMID: 25749145 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Dioscoreophyllum cumminsii (Stapf) Diels leaves are used in the management of diabetics in Nigeria. Thus, the antidiabetic activity of aqueous D. cumminsii leaf extract and its capability to halt oxidative stress and dyslipidemia in alloxan-induced diabetic rats was investigated. METHODOLOGY Antidiabetic was evaluated in alloxan-induced diabetes rats. Diabetic rats were treated with 50, 100 and 200mg/kg body weight of the extract. RESULT The aqueous extract of D. cumminsii leaves significantly reduced blood glucose level in a dose dependent manner with highest dose producing 72% reduction after 21 days administration, which was compared significantly (P<0.05) with the control group and glibenclamide treated groups. Similarly, aqueous extract of D. cumminsii significantly reversed reduction in insulin in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Alloxan-induced diabetic mediated alterations in liver and serum cholesterol, triacylglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc) and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDLc) were significantly (P<0.05) restored by the extract. Aqueous extract of D. cumminsii leaves significantly attenuated the decrease in the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase in the liver and pancreas of alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Elevation in the concentration of malondialdehyde was significantly (P<0.05) lowered by D. cumminsii leaves extract. The diabetic-mediated alteration in the architecture of liver was alleviated by the extract. CONCLUSION Overall, aqueous extract of D. cumminsii leaves at all doses investigated reduced blood glucose level and prevented oxidative stress and dyslipidemia in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- H O B Oloyede
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Ilorin, P. M. B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - T O Bello
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Ilorin, P. M. B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - T O Ajiboye
- Antioxidants, Free Radicals, Functional Foods and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Al-Hikmah University, P.M.B. 1601, Ilorin, Nigeria.
| | - M O Salawu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Ilorin, P. M. B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria
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Shen L, Peng H, Peng R, Fan Q, Zhao S, Xu D, Morisseau C, Chiamvimonvat N, Hammock BD. Inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase in mice promotes reverse cholesterol transport and regression of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2015; 239:557-65. [PMID: 25733327 PMCID: PMC4527317 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is the body largest free cholesterol reservoir and abundantly expresses ATP binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), which maintains plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. HDLs have a protective role in atherosclerosis by mediating reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is a cytosolic enzyme whose inhibition has various beneficial effects on cardiovascular disease. The sEH is highly expressed in adipocytes, and it converts epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) into less bioactive dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids. We previously showed that increasing EETs levels with a sEH inhibitor (sEHI) (t-AUCB) resulted in elevated ABCA1 expression and promoted ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux from 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The present study investigates the impacts of t-AUCB in mice deficient for the low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor (Ldlr(-/-) mice) with established atherosclerotic plaques. The sEH inhibitor delivered in vivo for 4 weeks decreased the activity of sEH in adipose tissue, enhanced ABCA1 expression and cholesterol efflux from adipose depots, and consequently increased HDL levels. Furthermore, t-AUCB enhanced RCT to the plasma, liver, bile and feces. It also showed the reduction of plasma LDL-C levels. Consistently, t-AUCB-treated mice showed reductions in the size of atherosclerotic plaques. These studies establish that raising adipose ABCA1 expression, cholesterol efflux, and plasma HDL levels with t-AUCB treatment promotes RCT, decreasing LDL-C and atherosclerosis regression, suggesting that sEH inhibition may be a promising strategy to treat atherosclerotic vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Internal Medicine, Xiangya Second Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, PR China
| | - Hongchun Peng
- Department of Orthopaedics and Emergency, Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha, 410011, PR China
| | - Ran Peng
- Department of Cardiology, Internal Medicine, Xiangya Second Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, PR China
| | - Qingsong Fan
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Second Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410001, PR China
| | - Shuiping Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Internal Medicine, Xiangya Second Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, PR China
| | - Danyan Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Internal Medicine, Xiangya Second Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, PR China.
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Entomology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Nipavan Chiamvimonvat
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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Adaikalakoteswari A, Finer S, Voyias PD, McCarthy CM, Vatish M, Moore J, Smart-Halajko M, Bawazeer N, Al-Daghri NM, McTernan PG, Kumar S, Hitman GA, Saravanan P, Tripathi G. Vitamin B12 insufficiency induces cholesterol biosynthesis by limiting s-adenosylmethionine and modulating the methylation of SREBF1 and LDLR genes. Clin Epigenetics 2015; 7:14. [PMID: 25763114 PMCID: PMC4356060 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-015-0046-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The dietary supply of methyl donors such as folate, vitamin B12, betaine, methionine, and choline is essential for normal growth, development, and physiological functions through the life course. Both human and animal studies have shown that vitamin B12 deficiency is associated with altered lipid profile and play an important role in the prediction of metabolic risk, however, as of yet, no direct mechanism has been investigated to confirm this. Results Three independent clinical studies of women (i) non-pregnant at child-bearing age, (ii) in early pregnancy, and (iii) at delivery showed that low vitamin B12 status was associated with higher total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and cholesterol-to-HDL ratio. These results guided the investigation into the cellular mechanisms of induced cholesterol biosynthesis due to vitamin B12 deficiency, using human adipocytes as a model system. Adipocytes cultured in low or no vitamin B12 conditions had increased cholesterol and homocysteine levels compared to control. The induction of cholesterol biosynthesis was associated with reduced s-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet)-to-s-adenosylhomocysteine (AdoHcy) ratio, also known as methylation potential (MP). We therefore studied whether reduced MP could lead to hypomethylation of genes involved in the regulation of cholesterol biosynthesis. Genome-wide and targeted DNA methylation analysis identified that the promoter regions of SREBF1 and LDLR, two key regulators of cholesterol biosynthesis, were hypomethylated under vitamin B12-deficient conditions, and as a result, their expressions and cholesterol biosynthesis were also significantly increased. This finding was further confirmed by the addition of the methylation inhibitor, 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine, which resulted in increased SREBF1 and LDLR expressions and cholesterol accumulation in vitamin B12-sufficient conditions. Finally, we observed that the expression of SREBF1, LDLR, and cholesterol biosynthesis genes were increased in adipose tissue of vitamin B12 deficient mothers compared to control group. Conclusions Clinical data suggests that vitamin B12 deficiency is an important metabolic risk factor. Regulation of AdoMet-to-AdoHcy levels by vitamin B12 could be an important mechanism by which it can influence cholesterol biosynthesis pathway in human adipocytes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13148-015-0046-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonysunil Adaikalakoteswari
- Division of Metabolic and Vascular Health, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire, University of Warwick, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry, CV2 2DX UK
| | - Sarah Finer
- Centre for Diabetes, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, London, E1 2AT UK ; Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Level 4, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Box 289, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ UK
| | - Philip D Voyias
- Division of Metabolic and Vascular Health, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire, University of Warwick, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry, CV2 2DX UK
| | - Ciara M McCarthy
- Division of Metabolic and Vascular Health, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire, University of Warwick, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry, CV2 2DX UK
| | - Manu Vatish
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology University of Oxford Level 3, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU UK
| | - Jonathan Moore
- Warwick Systems Biology, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
| | - Melissa Smart-Halajko
- Centre for Diabetes, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, London, E1 2AT UK
| | - Nahla Bawazeer
- Division of Metabolic and Vascular Health, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire, University of Warwick, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry, CV2 2DX UK
| | - Nasser M Al-Daghri
- Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Philip G McTernan
- Division of Metabolic and Vascular Health, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire, University of Warwick, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry, CV2 2DX UK
| | - Sudhesh Kumar
- Division of Metabolic and Vascular Health, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire, University of Warwick, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry, CV2 2DX UK
| | - Graham A Hitman
- Centre for Diabetes, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, London, E1 2AT UK
| | - Ponnusamy Saravanan
- Division of Metabolic and Vascular Health, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire, University of Warwick, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry, CV2 2DX UK ; iDEA Centre, George Eliot Hospital, Nuneton, CV10 7DJ UK
| | - Gyanendra Tripathi
- Division of Metabolic and Vascular Health, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire, University of Warwick, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry, CV2 2DX UK
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Oloyede OB, Ajiboye TO, Abdussalam AF, Adeleye AO. Blighia sapida leaves halt elevated blood glucose, dyslipidemia and oxidative stress in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 157:309-319. [PMID: 25172468 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2014] [Revised: 08/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Blighia sapida leaves are used in the management of diabetes in Nigeria. Thus the antidiabetic activity of methanolic Blighia sapida leaf extract and its capability to halt oxidative stress and dyslipidemia in alloxan-induced diabetic rats were investigated. METHODS In vitro antioxidant activity of the extract (0.2-1.0mg/mL) was investigated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-1picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, superoxide ion, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radical and ferric ion reducing system. Antidiabetic was evaluated in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. RESULTS The methanolic extract of Blighia sapida leaves at 1.0mg/mL scavenged DPPH, superoxide ion, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radical at 80.34%, 57.39%, 72.36% and 77.0% respectively, while ferric ion was significantly reduced. Single oral dose of the extract significantly reduced blood glucose level in a dose dependent manner with highest dose producing 18.6% reduction after 240min. Similar reduction was produced after 28 days of extract administration with the highest dose producing 65.65% reduction which compared significantly (P<0.05) with the control group and glibenclamide treated groups. Alloxan-induced diabetic mediated alterations in liver and serum cholesterol, triacylglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc), low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDLc) were significantly (P<0.05) restored by the extract. Methanolic extract of Blighia sapida leaves significantly attenuated the decrease in the activities of reactive oxygen species detoxifying enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase) in the liver and pancreas of alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Elevation in the concentrations of malondialdehyde, conjugated dienes, lipid hydroperoxides, protein carbonyl, and fragmented DNA was significantly (P<0.05) lowered by Blighia sapida leaves extract. CONCLUSION Overall, methanolic extract of Blighia sapida leaves at all doses used reduced blood glucose level and prevented oxidative stress and dyslipidemia in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- O B Oloyede
- Nutritional Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - T O Ajiboye
- Antioxidants, Free Radicals, Functional Foods and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Al-Hikmah University, Ilorin, Nigeria.
| | - A F Abdussalam
- Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Nutrition Unit, Department of Chemical Sciences, Fountain University, Osogbo, Nigeria
| | - A O Adeleye
- Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Nutrition Unit, Department of Chemical Sciences, Fountain University, Osogbo, Nigeria
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Aguilar D, deOgburn RC, Volek JS, Fernandez ML. Cholesterol-induced inflammation and macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue is reduced by a low carbohydrate diet in guinea pigs. Nutr Res Pract 2014; 8:625-31. [PMID: 25489401 PMCID: PMC4252521 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2014.8.6.625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a high cholesterol (HC) dietary challenge on cholesterol tissue accumulation, inflammation, adipocyte differentiation, and macrophage infiltration in guinea pigs. A second objective was to assess whether macronutrient manipulation would reverse these metabolic alterations. MATERIALS/METHODS Male Hartley guinea pigs (10/group) were assigned to either low cholesterol (LC) (0.04g/100g) or high cholesterol (HC) (0.25g/100g) diets for six weeks. For the second experiment, 20 guinea pigs were fed the HC diet for six weeks and then assigned to either a low carbohydrate (CHO) diet (L-CHO) (10% energy from CHO) or a high CHO diet (H-CHO) (54% CHO) for an additional six weeks. RESULTS Higher concentrations of total (P < 0.005) and free (P < 0.05) cholesterol were observed in both adipose tissue and aortas of guinea pigs fed the HC compared to those in the LC group. In addition, higher concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the adipose tissue (P < 0.005) and lower concentrations of anti-inflammatory interleukin (IL)-10 were observed in the HC group (P < 0.05) compared to the LC group. Of particular interest, adipocytes in the HC group were smaller in size (P < 0.05) and showed increased macrophage infiltration compared to the LC group. When compared to the H-CHO group, lower concentrations of cholesterol in both adipose and aortas as well as lower concentrations of inflammatory cytokines in adipose tissue were observed in the L-CHO group (P < 0.05). In addition, guinea pigs fed the L-CHO exhibited larger adipose cells and lower macrophage infiltration compared to the H-CHO group. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study strongly suggest that HC induces metabolic dysregulation associated with inflammation in adipose tissue and that L-CHO is more effective than H-CHO in attenuating these detrimental effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Aguilar
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, 3624 Horsebarn Road Ext, U 4017, Storrs, CT 6269, USA
| | - Ryan C deOgburn
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, 3624 Horsebarn Road Ext, U 4017, Storrs, CT 6269, USA
| | - Jeff S Volek
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, 3624 Horsebarn Road Ext, U 4017, Storrs, CT 6269, USA. ; Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, USA
| | - Maria Luz Fernandez
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, 3624 Horsebarn Road Ext, U 4017, Storrs, CT 6269, USA
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Omental adipose tissue gene expression, gene variants, branched-chain amino acids, and their relationship with metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in humans. GENES AND NUTRITION 2014; 9:431. [PMID: 25260659 PMCID: PMC4176839 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-014-0431-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a complex disorder caused by several factors. Thus, the aim of the present study was to assess whether the expression of genes in the omental white adipose tissue (AT) of subjects with insulin resistance (IR) or metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with an elevation in serum branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and whether this response depends on specific genetic variants. Serum BCAA concentration, the adipocyte area, and gene variants of PPARγ, ABCA1, FTO, TCF7L2, GFOD2,BCAT2, and BCKDH were determined in 115 Mexican subjects. The gene expression in the AT and adipocytes of BCAT, BCKDH E1α, C/EBPα, PPARγ2, SREBP-1, PPARα, UCP1, leptin receptor, leptin, adiponectin, and TNFα was measured in 51 subjects. Subjects with IR showed higher values for the BMI, HOMA-IR, and adipocyte area and higher levels of serum glucose, insulin, leptin, and C-reactive protein, as well as an elevation of the AT gene expression of SREBP-1, leptin, and TNFα and a significant reduction in the expression of adiponectin, BCAT2, and BCKDH E1α, compared with non-IR subjects. The presence of MetS was associated with higher HOMA-IR as well as higher serum BCAA concentrations. Subjects with the genetic variants for BCAT2 and BCKDH E1 α showed a lower serum BCAA concentration, and those with the ABCA1 and FTO gene variant showed higher levels of insulin and HOMA-IR than non-IR subjects. AT dysfunction is the result of a combination of the presence of some genetic variants, altered AT gene expression, the presence of MetS risk factors, IR, and serum BCAA concentrations.
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Ajiboye TO, Akinpelu SA, Muritala HF, Ogunbode SM, Adeleye AO, Oladiji AT, Oloyede OB. T
richosanthes Cucumerina
Fruit Extenuates Dyslipidemia, Protein Oxidation, Lipid Peroxidation and DNA Fragmentation in the liver of high-fat diet-fed rats. J Food Biochem 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taofeek O. Ajiboye
- Antioxidants, Free Radicals, Functional Foods and Toxicology Research Laboratory; Department of Biological Sciences; Al-Hikmah University; Ilorin Kwara 230263 Nigeria
| | - Sakirat A. Akinpelu
- Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Toxicology Research Laboratory; Biochemistry and Nutrition Unit; Department of Chemical Sciences; Fountain University; Osogbo Osun Nigeria
| | | | - Simiat M. Ogunbode
- Nutritional Biochemistry Research Laboratory; Biochemistry and Nutrition Unit; Department of Chemical Sciences; Fountain University; Osogbo Osun Nigeria
| | - Abdulwasiu O. Adeleye
- Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Toxicology Research Laboratory; Biochemistry and Nutrition Unit; Department of Chemical Sciences; Fountain University; Osogbo Osun Nigeria
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Meiliana A, Wijaya A. MicroRNAs in Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis. INDONESIAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL 2014. [DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v6i1.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: MicroRNAs (miRNA) are mediators of post-transcriptional gene expression that likely regulate most biological pathways and networks. The study of miRNAs is a rapidly emerging field; recent findings have revealed a significant role for miRNAs in atherosclerosis and lipoprotein metabolism.CONTENT: Results from recent studies demonstrated a role for miRNAs in endothelial integrity, macrophage inflammatory response to oxidized low-density lipoprotein, vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and cholesterol synthesis. These mechanisms are all vital to the initiation and proliferation of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. The importance of miRNAs has recently been recognized in cardiovascular sciences and miRNAs will likely become an integral part of our fundamental comprehension of atherosclerosis and lipoprotein metabolism. The extensive impact of miRNA mediated gene regulation and the relative ease of in vivo applicable modifications highlight the enormous potential of miRNA-based therapeutics in cardiovascular diseases.SUMMARY: miRNA studies in the field of lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis are in their infancy, and thus there is tremendous opportunity for discovery in this understudied area. The ability to target miRNAs in vivo through delivery of miRNA-mimics to enhance miRNA function, or antimiRNAs which inhibit miRNAs, has opened new avenues for the development of therapeutics for dyslipidemias and atherosclerosis, offers a unique approach to treating disease by modulating entire biological pathways. These exciting findings support the development of miRNA antagonists as potential therapeutics for the treatment of dyslipidaemia, atherosclerosis and related metabolic diseases.KEYWORDS: atherosclerosis, lipoprotein, HDL, miRNA
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Do HJ, Lee SM, Kim YS, Shin MJ. Effect of 1-deoxynojirimycin on cholesterol efflux through ABCA1-LXRα pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. J Funct Foods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2013.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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Abstract
Recent discoveries of microRNAs (miRNAs) that control high-density lipoprotein abundance and function have expanded our knowledge of the mechanisms regulating this important lipoprotein subclass. miRNAs have been shown to regulate gene networks that control high-density lipoprotein biogenesis and uptake, as well as discrete steps in the reverse cholesterol transport pathway. Furthermore, high-density lipoprotein itself has been shown to transport miRNAs selectively in health and disease, offering new possibilities of how this lipoprotein may alter gene expression in distal target cells and tissues. Collectively, these discoveries offer new insights into the mechanisms governing high-density lipoprotein metabolism and function and open new avenues for the development of therapeutics for the treatment of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katey J Rayner
- From the University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (K.J.R.); and Marc and Ruti Bell Vascular Biology and Disease Program, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine (K.J.M.)
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Zhao LY, Huang W, Yuan QX, Cheng J, Huang ZC, Ouyang LJ, Zeng FH. Hypolipidaemic effects and mechanisms of the main component of Opuntia dillenii Haw. polysaccharides in high-fat emulsion-induced hyperlipidaemic rats. Food Chem 2012; 134:964-71. [PMID: 23107714 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2011] [Revised: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The antihyperlipidaemic effects of ODP-Ia, one of the main components of Opuntia dillenii Haw. polysaccharides, were studied. Gavage administration of ODP-Ia was observed to significantly decrease serum lipid levels and to increase serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level in hyperlipidaemic rats. Similar suppressive patterns were also seen in hepatic total cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Moreover, the ODP-Ia administration significantly increased serum lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase activity, increased the production of serum NO, inhibited hepatic HMG-CoA reductase activity, augmented serum and hepatic superoxide dismutase activities and decreased the serum and hepatic malondialdehyde contents in hyperlipidaemic rats. In addition, a histopathological examination revealed that ODP-Ia administration significantly suppressed inflammatory cell infiltration and the expression of VCAM-1. Together, these results indicate that ODP-Ia is a potential natural product for the treatment of hyperlipidaemia-related diseases by improving antioxidant levels, modulating the activities of enzymes involved in cholesterol metabolism, promoting the production of NO and suppressing the expression of VCAM-1, thereby suppressing lipid accumulation and inflammatory cell infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Yan Zhao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Zhanjiang Normal University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524048, China.
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