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Karimi M, Pirzad S, Shirsalimi N, Ahmadizad S, Hashemi SM, Karami S, Kazemi K, Shahir-Roudi E, Aminzadeh A. Effects of chia seed (Salvia hispanica L.) supplementation on cardiometabolic health in overweight subjects: a systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2024; 21:74. [PMID: 39285289 PMCID: PMC11406937 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-024-00847-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a significant public health issue associated with various chronic diseases. Research has indicated that chia seeds have the potential to improve cardiometabolic health. However, due to the diversity of research and inconsistencies in study design, further investigation is needed to fully understand their clinical effects on overweight individuals. This review aims to comprehensively analyze the available evidence on the effects of chia seeds on cardiometabolic indices in overweight populations through a meta-analysis. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was performed across PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase databases from their inception until 01-03-2024 to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effect of chia on cardiometabolic indices in overweight subjects. The search strategy incorporated both Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). Following the screening, ten RCTs were finally included. The data, including subject characteristics, study design, and changes in serum biomarkers, were extracted and analyzed using Stata software version 18. RESULTS The meta-analysis results reveal that chia supplementation no significant changes in lipid profile, including triglycerides (TG) (MD: - 5.80 mg/dL, p = 0.47), total cholesterol (TC) (MD: - 0.29 mg/dL, p = 0.95), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (MD: 1.53 mg/dL, p = 0.33), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (MD: 0.63 mg/dL, p = 0.88). Similarity fasting blood glucose (FBG) (MD: - 0.03 mg/dL, p = 0.98), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (MD: - 0.13%, p = 0.13), and insulin levels (MD: 0.45 µIU/mL, p = 0.78). However, chia seed supplementation was associated with a significant reduction in C-reactive protein (CRP) (MD: - 1.18 mg/L, p < 0.0001), but no significant changes were observed in interleukin-6 (IL-6) (MD: - 0.15, p = 0.70) or tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) (MD: 0.03, p = 0.91). There was no significant effect on body mass index (BMI) (MD: 0.1 kg/m2, p = 0.91), but a significant reduction in waist circumference (WC) (MD: - 2.82 cm, p < 0.001) was noted. Additionally, chia seed supplementation resulted in a significant reduction in systolic blood pressure (BP) (MD: - 3.27 mmHg, p = 0.03), though diastolic BP changes were non-significant (MD: - 2.69 mmHg, p = 0.09). The studies showed low to moderate heterogeneity in outcome measures, with I2 < 50%. CONCLUSION Chia seed supplementation does not significantly impact most lipid profile parameters and glycemic markers. However, it shows potential benefits in reducing WC, BP, and CRP. While chia seeds can be a valuable addition to cardiometabolic health management, they should be part of a broader health strategy that includes a balanced diet, exercise, and lifestyle modifications for optimal results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Karimi
- Bogomolets National Medical University (NMU), Kyiv, Ukraine.
- Department of Biological Sciences in Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Samira Pirzad
- Faculty of Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch (IAUTMU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Niyousha Shirsalimi
- Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Science (UMSHA), Hamadan, Iran
| | - Sajad Ahmadizad
- Department of Biological Sciences in Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyyed Mohammad Hashemi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Shaghayegh Karami
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Kimia Kazemi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran
| | - Erfan Shahir-Roudi
- Student Research Committee, School of Public Health, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences (SHMU), Shahroud, Iran
| | - Anita Aminzadeh
- Student Research Committee, School of Public Health, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences (SHMU), Shahroud, Iran
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Su GM, Guo QW, Shen YL, Cai JJ, Chen X, Lin J, Fang DZ. Association between PEMT rs7946 and blood pressure levels in Chinese adolescents. Blood Press Monit 2024; 29:180-187. [PMID: 38502043 DOI: 10.1097/mbp.0000000000000703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was to explore blood pressure levels in Chinese adolescents with different genotypes of phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PEMT) gene ( PEMT ) rs7946, as well as effects of dietary intake on blood pressure levels with different genders and different genotypes of PEMT rs7946. METHODS PEMT rs7946 genotypes were identified by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism and verified by DNA sequencing. Blood pressure was measured using a standard mercury sphygmomanometer. Dietary intakes were analyzed based on a 3-day diet diary, and dietary components were calculated using computer software. RESULTS A total of 721 high school students (314 males and 407 females) at the age of 16.86 ± 0.59 years were included. The A allele carriers of PEMT rs7946 had increased levels of SBP, DBP, mean arterial pressure (MAP) and pulse pressure (PP) than the GG homozygotes in the female subjects. There were significant interactions between PEMT rs7946 and gender on SBP and MAP levels, regardless of whether an unadjusted or adjusted model was used. When dietary intake was taken into account, fat intake was positively associated with SBP and PP in the male GG homozygotes, while protein intake was positively associated with PP in the female A allele carriers of PEMT rs7946. CONCLUSION This study suggests that PEMT rs7946 is significantly associated with blood pressure levels in human being. There might be interactions among PEMT rs7946, gender, and dietary intake on blood pressure levels in the adolescent population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Ming Su
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Pokala A, Kraft J, Taormina VM, Michalski MC, Vors C, Torres-Gonzalez M, Bruno RS. Whole milk dairy foods and cardiometabolic health: dairy fat and beyond. Nutr Res 2024; 126:99-122. [PMID: 38669850 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2024.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Bovine dairy milk is a nutrient-rich matrix, but consumption of full-fat dairy food varieties has been claimed historically to be associated with poorer cardiometabolic health, a notion often attributed to the saturated fat content. However, continued investigation that includes observational studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) provide evidence that favorably supports full-fat dairy foods and their bioactive components on cardiometabolic health. This review addresses this controversy by examining the evidence surrounding full-fat dairy foods and their implications for human health. Dairy foods are heterogeneous, not just in their fat content but also in other compositional aspects within and between fermented (e.g., yogurt, cheese) and nonfermented products (e.g., milk) that could differentially influence cardiometabolic health. Drawing from complementary lines of evidence from epidemiological studies and RCTs, this review describes the health effects of dairy foods regarding their fat content, as well as their polar lipids that are concentrated in the milk fat globule fraction. Observational studies have limitedly supported the consumption of full-fat dairy to protect against cardiometabolic disorders. However, this framework has been disputed by RCTs indicating that dairy foods, regardless of their fat content or fermentation, are not detrimental to cardiometabolic health and may instead alleviate certain cardiometabolic risk factors. As dietary recommendations evolve, which currently indicate to avoid full-fat dairy foods, it is essential to consider the totality of evidence, especially from RCTs, while also recognizing that investigation is needed to evaluate the complexity of dairy foods within diverse dietary patterns and their impacts on cardiometabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Pokala
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA
| | - Jana Kraft
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, 05405, USA
| | - Victoria M Taormina
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, 05405, USA
| | - Marie-Caroline Michalski
- INRAE, UMR1397, Inserm, U1060, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CarMeN laboratory, Pierre-Bénite, FR
| | - Cécile Vors
- INRAE, UMR1397, Inserm, U1060, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CarMeN laboratory, Pierre-Bénite, FR
| | | | - Richard S Bruno
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA.
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Tu Z, Yang J, Fan C. The role of different nutrients in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1393378. [PMID: 38799425 PMCID: PMC11116626 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1393378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular health is a hot topic around the world, and as the incidence of cardiovascular disease increases each year, people are increasingly focusing on the management of their heart health. Dietary and lifestyle changes as non-pharmacological treatments have been increasingly recognized as important in the prevention of cardiovascular disease and in reducing the risk of cardiovascular accidents. Awareness of different nutrients and their effects on cardiovascular health is important for establishing a good dietary pattern. This review summarizes the effects of the five major nutrients in the daily diet, namely carbohydrates, proteins, dietary fats, vitamins, and minerals, on cardiovascular health, and aims to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the effects of a healthy dietary pattern on cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chengming Fan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Ansari S, Mohammadifard N, Hajihashemi P, Haghighatdoost F, Zarepur E, Mahmoudi S, Nouri F, Nouhi F, Kazemi T, Salehi N, Solati K, Ghaffari S, Gholipour M, Dehghani M, Cheraghi M, Heybar H, Alikhasi H, Sarrafzadegan N. The relationship between fermented and nonfermented dairy products consumption and hypertension among premature coronary artery disease patients: Iran premature coronary artery disease study. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:3322-3335. [PMID: 38726444 PMCID: PMC11077223 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Dairy products may affect hypertension (HTN) risk. The aim of this study was to examine the association between fermented and nonfermented dairy foods and HTN in a sample of premature coronary artery disease (PCAD) subjects. This cross-sectional study was performed on 1854 PCAD patients. A 110-item food frequency questionnaire was used to assess dietary intakes. HTN was considered if systolic blood pressure was 140 mmHg and higher and/or diastolic blood pressure was 90 mmHg and higher. The odds ratio of HTN across the quartiles of different types of dairy products was evaluated by binary logistic regression. The mean (SD) of dairy products consumption was 339.8 (223.5) g/day, of which 285.4 g/day was fermented dairy products. In the crude model, participants in the fourth quartile of fermented dairy products had lesser risk of HTN compared to the bottom quartile (OR = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.52, 0.96; p for trend = .058). However, after considering the possible confounders, the significance disappeared. Subjects in the top quartile of high-fat fermented dairy products had 34% lower risk for HTN compared to the bottom quartile (95% CI: 0.49, 0.88; p for trend < .001). Adjustment for potential risk factors weakened the association but remained significant (OR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.53, 1.01; p for trend = .001). Nonsignificant relation was detected between low-fat fermented, low-fat nonfermented, and high-fat nonfermented dairy products and HTN. Moderate consumption of high-fat fermented dairy products, in a population with low consumption of dairy foods, might relate to reduced likelihood of HTN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakila Ansari
- Department of Community Nutrition, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food ScienceIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| | - Noushin Mohammadifard
- Interventional Cardiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research InstituteIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| | - Parisa Hajihashemi
- Isfahan Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research CenterIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| | - Fahimeh Haghighatdoost
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research InstituteIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| | - Ehsan Zarepur
- Interventional Cardiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research InstituteIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
- Department of Cardiology, Medicine SchoolIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| | - Shirin Mahmoudi
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research InstituteIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| | - Fatemeh Nouri
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research InstituteIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| | - Fereydoon Nouhi
- Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research CenterIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Iranian Network of Cardiovascular Research (INCVR)TehranIran
| | - Tooba Kazemi
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research CenterBirjand University of Medical SciencesBirjandIran
| | - Nahid Salehi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Health InstituteKermanshah University of Medical SciencesKermanshahIran
| | - Kamal Solati
- Department of PsychiatryShahrekord University of Medical SciencesShahrekordIran
| | - Samad Ghaffari
- Cardiovascular Research CenterTabriz University of Medical sciencesTabrizIran
| | - Mahboobeh Gholipour
- Department of Cardiology, Healthy Heart Research Center, Heshmat Hospital, School of MedicineGuilan University of Medical SciencesRashtIran
| | - Mostafa Dehghani
- Department of Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Rahimi HospitalLorestan University of Medical SciencesKhorramabadIran
| | - Mostafa Cheraghi
- Department of Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Rahimi HospitalLorestan University of Medical SciencesKhorramabadIran
| | - Habib Heybar
- Atherosclerosis Research CenterAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
| | - Hassan Alikhasi
- Heart Failure Research Center, Cardiovascular Research InstituteIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| | - Nizal Sarrafzadegan
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research InstituteIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Population and Public HealthUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
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Chen J, Yang CC, Lin Y. Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Dairy Consumption Trends: An Empirical Investigation of Accounting Data in China. Foods 2024; 13:741. [PMID: 38472856 DOI: 10.3390/foods13050741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic may have had a negative impact on dairy consumption trends. Many dairy products are perishable and have relatively high income elasticity, causing their susceptibility to market fluctuations in general, including those specifically caused by the pandemic. However, the pandemic has also brought some other prospective possibilities. For example, during the pandemic, people paid more attention to nutrition and health issues and increased the number of meals prepared and eaten at home. In consideration of the particular circumstances during the pandemic, the Chinese government issued several policies to promote the population's dairy consumption, and the Chinese dairy cattle sector actively implemented the policy of "guarantee price, quality, and supply". These factors may have caused the Chinese population to increase their consumption of dairy products during the pandemic. Before the pandemic, the consumption of dairy products in the Chinese population showed an overall upward trend. The question addressed in this study is how has COVID-19 affected dairy consumption trends during the pandemic? This study uses accounting data from the Chinese dairy cattle sector to empirically analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on dairy consumption trends through economic theories and translog revenue function. Our study found that COVID-19 increased consumers' consumption of dairy products in China, but those people experiencing poverty may still have experienced inadequate dairy intake. This study has contributed to the body of work in this area in the literature and provides response strategies for the dairy cattle sector and the authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxiong Chen
- College of Economics and Management, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Chung-Cheng Yang
- College of Management, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliu 64002, Taiwan
| | - Yu Lin
- College of Management, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliu 64002, Taiwan
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Aref M, FaragAllah EM, Goda NIA, Abu-Alghayth MH, Abomughaid MM, Mahboub HH, Alwutayd KM, Elsherbini HA. Chia seeds ameliorate cardiac disease risk factors via alleviating oxidative stress and inflammation in rats fed high-fat diet. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2940. [PMID: 38316807 PMCID: PMC10844609 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41370-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity upsurges the risk of developing cardiovascular disease, primarily heart failure and coronary heart disease. Chia seeds have a high concentration of dietary fiber and increased concentrations of anti-inflammatoryand antioxidant compounds. They are used for weight loss plus enhancing blood glucose and lipid profile. The current perspective was commenced to examine the protective influence of chia seeds ingestion on cardiovascular disease risk factors in high-fat diet-fed rats. Forty male albino rats (with an initial body weight of 180-200 g) were used in this study. Rats were randomly and equally divided into 4 groups: Group I was the control group and group II was a control group with chia seeds supplementation. Group III was a high-fat diet group (HFD) that received HFD for 10 weeks and group IV was fed on HFD plus chia seeds for 10 weeks. In all groups Echocardiographic measurements were performed, initial and final BMI, serum glucose, AC/TC ratio, lipid profile, insulin (with a computed HOMA-IR), creatinine phosphokinase-muscle/brain (CPK-MB), CRP, and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and MAP were estimated. Whole heart weight (WHW) was calculated, and then WHW/body weight (BW) ratio was estimated. Eventually, a histopathological picture of cardiac tissues was performed to assess the changes in the structure of the heart under Haematoxylin and Eosin and Crossmon's trichrome stain. Ingestion of a high diet for 10 weeks induced a clear elevation in BMI, AC/ TC, insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, CRP, CPK-MB, and cTnI in all HFD groups. Moreover, there was a significant increase in MAP, left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDD), and left ventricular end systolic diameter (LVESD). Furthermore, histological cardiac examination showed structural alteration of the normal structure of the heart tissue with an increase in collagen deposition. Also, the Bcl-2 expression in the heart muscle was significantly lower, but Bax expression was significantly higher. Chia seeds ingestion combined with HFD noticeably ameliorated the previously-recorded biochemical biomarkers, hemodynamic and echocardiography measures, and histopathological changes. Outcomes of this report reveal that obesity is a hazard factor for cardiovascular disease and chia seeds could be a good candidate for cardiovascular system protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Aref
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Sharkia, Egypt
| | | | - Nehal I A Goda
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Mohammed H Abu-Alghayth
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, 255, Al Nakhil, 67714, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mosleh M Abomughaid
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, 255, Al Nakhil, 67714, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba H Mahboub
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt.
| | - Khairiah Mubarak Alwutayd
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, 11671, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hadeel A Elsherbini
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Skalny AV, Korobeinikova TV, Zabroda NN, Chang JS, Chao JCJ, Aschner M, Paoliello MMB, Burtseva TI, Tinkov AA. Interactive Effects of Obesity and Hypertension on Patterns of Hair Essential Trace Element and Mineral Content in Adult Women. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:4677-4687. [PMID: 36648598 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03561-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate potential similar patterns and interactive effects of obesity and hypertension on hair essential trace element and mineral content in adult women. In this cross-sectional study, a total of 607 adult women divided into controls (n = 101), groups with obesity without hypertension (n = 199), hypertension without obesity (n = 143), and both obesity and hypertension (n = 164) were included in the study. Assessment of hair mineral and trace element levels was performed by inductively-coupled plasma mass-spectrometry. Hair Ca, Mg, Co, and Mn levels in women with obesity, hypertension, and both diseases were significantly lower, compared to controls. Hair Mg levels in women with obesity and hypertension were significantly lower, whereas hair Na and K were found to be higher when compared to other groups. Hair Fe and V content in obese patients was lower than in other groups. Obesity was associated with lower hair Cu levels, whereas patients with hypertension had higher hair Cu content. Hypertension was also associated with higher hair Cr and Se content irrespective of body weight. Hair Zn levels in obese women with and without hypertension were significantly lower than those in healthy controls and normal-weight women with hypertension. In multiple regression models hair Mg was considered as a significant negative predictor of both systolic and diastolic blood pressure values. The observed alterations in hair trace element and mineral content provide an additional link between obesity and hypertension, although further detailed studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly V Skalny
- Center for Bioelementology and Human Ecology, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, 119435, Russia
- Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, 150003, Russia
| | - Tatiana V Korobeinikova
- Center for Bioelementology and Human Ecology, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, 119435, Russia
| | - Nadezhda N Zabroda
- Center for Bioelementology and Human Ecology, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, 119435, Russia
| | - Jung-Su Chang
- Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Jane C-J Chao
- Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Monica M B Paoliello
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | | | - Alexey A Tinkov
- Center for Bioelementology and Human Ecology, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, 119435, Russia.
- Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, 150003, Russia.
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Renke G, Starling-Soares B, Baesso T, Petronio R, Aguiar D, Paes R. Effects of Vitamin D on Cardiovascular Risk and Oxidative Stress. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030769. [PMID: 36771474 PMCID: PMC9920542 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vitamin D has been primarily studied as an important factor influencing bone and calcium metabolism. Metabolites of vitamin D are essential for whole-body calcium homeostasis, maintaining serum calcium levels within a narrow range by regulating this process in the bones and gut. Nevertheless, its deficiency is also related to increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), metabolic syndrome (MS), and cardiovascular disease (CVD)-with increased visceral adipose tissue and body mass index (BMI), as well as the frequently associated hypercholesterolemia. It has been reported that vitamin D levels are inversely related to cardiovascular (CV) risk in men and women. However, the effects of vitamin D on distinct outcomes in women and the dose of supplementation needed to improve clinical endpoints have not been established. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] reduces systemic inflammatory mediators in CVD and favors the release of anti-inflammatory cytokines from the immune system. In addition, 25(OH)D can be primarily converted into calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [1,25(OH)2D]) in the kidneys through the action of the 1-α-hydroxylase enzyme. Calcitriol, through the downregulation mechanism of renin expression, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) activity, and its interaction with the vitamin D receptor, can bring CV benefits. The calcitriol form also lowers parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels by indirectly causing a reduction in aldosterone and mineralocorticoid synthesis. Elevated plasma aldosterone is related to endothelial dysfunction and CVD in hypovitaminosis D status. CONCLUSION Vitamin D supplementation may benefit certain risk groups, as it improves metabolic variables, reducing oxidative stress and CV outcomes. More studies are needed to define interventions with vitamin D in men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Renke
- National Institute of Cardiology, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
- Nutrindo Ideais Performance and Nutrition Research Center, Rio de Janeiro 22640-100, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-2197-6959-339
| | | | - Thomaz Baesso
- Nutrindo Ideais Performance and Nutrition Research Center, Rio de Janeiro 22640-100, Brazil
| | - Rayssa Petronio
- Nutrindo Ideais Performance and Nutrition Research Center, Rio de Janeiro 22640-100, Brazil
| | - Danilo Aguiar
- Nutrindo Ideais Performance and Nutrition Research Center, Rio de Janeiro 22640-100, Brazil
| | - Raphaela Paes
- Nutrindo Ideais Performance and Nutrition Research Center, Rio de Janeiro 22640-100, Brazil
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Feng Y, Zhao Y, Liu J, Huang Z, Yang X, Qin P, Chen C, Luo X, Li Y, Wu Y, Li X, Huang H, Hu F, Hu D, Liu Y, Zhang M. Consumption of Dairy Products and the Risk of Overweight or Obesity, Hypertension, and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review of Cohort Studies. Adv Nutr 2022; 13:2165-2179. [PMID: 36047956 PMCID: PMC9776648 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmac096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dairy products have been suggested to be related to the prevention of overweight or obesity, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). These associations are currently controversial, however, and a systematic quantitative meta-analysis is lacking. In this study, we examined the associations between dairy products and the risk of overweight or obesity, hypertension, and T2DM and tested for dose-response relations. We comprehensively searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science up to April 2021. Cohort studies were included if dairy food consumption was reported at a minimum of 3 levels or as continuous variables, and the associations were assessed with overweight or obesity, hypertension, and T2DM. Summary RRs and 95% CIs were estimated for the dose-response association. Restricted cubic splines were used to evaluate the linear or nonlinear relations. Among the 9887 articles retrieved, 42 articles were included. For overweight or obesity, a linear association was observed for total dairy, milk, and yogurt. The risk decreased by 25%, 7%, and 12% per 200-g/d increase for total dairy, high-fat dairy, and milk, respectively, and by 13% per 50-g/d increment of yogurt. For hypertension, a nonlinear association was observed with total dairy, whereas significant inverse associations were found for low-fat dairy (RR: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.90, 0.98) and milk (RR: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.92, 0.97) per 200-g/d intake increase. For T2DM, all types of dairy food consumption except for milk and low-fat dairy products showed nonlinear associations, with total dairy and yogurt intake associated with 3% and 7% lower risk per 200-g/d and 50-g/d intake increase, respectively. In conclusion, our study suggests that total dairy is associated with a low risk of overweight or obesity, hypertension, and T2DM, especially milk and yogurt for overweight or obesity, low-fat dairy and milk for hypertension, and yogurt for T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Feng
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiong Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zelin Huang
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingjin Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Qin
- Department of Medical Record Management, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanqi Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinping Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuying Wu
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Huang
- Department of General Practice, The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Fulan Hu
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongsheng Hu
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
- Department of General Practice, The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of General Practice, The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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Wu B, Qu Y, Lu Y, Ji S, Ding L, Li Z, Zhang M, Gu H, Sun Q, Ying B, Zhao F, Zheng X, Qiu Y, Zhang Z, Zhu Y, Cao Z, Lv Y, Shi X. Mercury may reduce the protective effect of sea fish consumption on serum triglycerides levels in Chinese adults: Evidence from China National Human Biomonitoring. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 311:119904. [PMID: 35961572 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sea fish contain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 PUFAs) which have been found to reduce triglyceride (TG) levels. However, sea fish may contain pollutants such as mercury which cause oxidative stress and increase TG levels. Therefore, the relationship between sea fish and TG remains unclear. We aimed to explore whether blood mercury (BHg) can affect the effect of sea fish consumption frequency on TG level among Chinese adults. A total of 10,780 participants were included in this study. BHg levels were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The associations of sea fish consumption frequency with BHg and TG levels as well as the association of BHg with TG levels were evaluated using multiple linear regression. Causal mediation analysis was used to evaluate the mediation effect of BHg levels on the association of sea fish consumption frequency with TG levels. The frequency of sea fish consumption showed a negative association with TG level. Compared with the participants who never ate sea fish, the TG level decreased by 0.193 mmol/L in those who ate sea fish once a week or more [β (95%CI): -0.193 (-0.370, -0.015)]. Significant positive associations were observed of BHg with TG levels. With one unit increase of log2-transformed BHg, the change of TG level was 0.030 mmol/L [0.030 (0.009, 0.051)]. The association between sea fish consumption and TG was mediated by log2-transformed BHg [total effect = -0.037 (-0.074, -0.001); indirect effect = 0.009 (0.004, 0.015)], and the proportion mediated by log2-transformed BHg was 24.25%. BHg may reduce the beneficial effect of sea fish consumption frequency on TG levels among Chinese adults. Overall, sea fish consumption has more benefits than harms to TG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingli Qu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yifu Lu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Saisai Ji
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Ding
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Li
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Heng Gu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Sun
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Ying
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xulin Zheng
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yidan Qiu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; Department of Big Data in Health Science, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaojin Cao
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yuebin Lv
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoming Shi
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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12
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Tsuboi N, Sasaki T, Haruhara K. Dairy intake and the risk of incidental hypertension. Hypertens Res 2022; 45:1511-1513. [PMID: 35732825 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-022-00966-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuo Tsuboi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Takaya Sasaki
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kotaro Haruhara
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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13
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Xiao H, Yan Y, Gu Y, Zhang Y. Strategy for sodium-salt substitution: On the relationship between hypertension and dietary intake of cations. Food Res Int 2022; 156:110822. [PMID: 35650987 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Chronic diseases, especially cardiovascular diseases (CVD), have become one of the main causes affecting human health. Hypertension is a prominent representative of CVD. The formation and development of hypertension is closely related to people's daily diet. A large number of studies have shown that excessive intake of salt (NaCl) could increase the risk of hypertension. In recent years, more and more investigations have focused on other cations that may be contained in edible salt, exploring whether they have an effect on hypertension and the underlying mechanism. This article focuses on the relationship between four metal elements (potassium, calcium, magnesium, and zinc) and hypertension, by discussing the main metabolic pathway, the impact of diet intake on blood pressure, and especially the regulation mechanisms on blood pressure in detail. At the same time, some opinions and suggestions are put forward, combined with the current hot topics "salt reduction" and "salt substitution".
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongrui Xiao
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang Engineering Center for Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yali Yan
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang Engineering Center for Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanpei Gu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang Engineering Center for Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang Engineering Center for Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China.
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14
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Olvera-Rosales LB, Cruz-Guerrero AE, García-Garibay JM, Gómez-Ruíz LC, Contreras-López E, Guzmán-Rodríguez F, González-Olivares LG. Bioactive peptides of whey: obtaining, activity, mechanism of action, and further applications. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:10351-10381. [PMID: 35612490 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2079113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive peptides derived from diverse food proteins have been part of diverse investigations. Whey is a rich source of proteins and components related to biological activity. It is known that proteins have effects that promote health benefits. Peptides derived from whey proteins are currently widely studied. These bioactive peptides are amino acid sequences that are encrypted within the first structure of proteins, which required hydrolysis for their release. The hydrolysis could be through in vitro or in vivo enzymatic digestion and using microorganisms in fermented systems. The biological activities associated with bio-peptides include immunomodulatory properties, antibacterial, antihypertensive, antioxidant and opioid, etc. These functions are related to general conditions of health or reduced risk of certain chronic illnesses. To determine the suitability of these peptides/ingredients for applications in food technology, clinical studies are required to evaluate their bioavailability, health claims, and safety of them. This review aimed to describe the biological importance of whey proteins according to the incidence in human health, their role as bioactive peptides source, describing methods, and obtaining technics. In addition, the paper exposes biochemical mechanisms during the activity exerted by biopeptides of whey, and their application trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- L B Olvera-Rosales
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Área Académica de Química, Ciudad del Conocimiento, Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo, México
| | - A E Cruz-Guerrero
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa. División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Colonia Vicentina, Ciudad de México, México
| | - J M García-Garibay
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa. División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Colonia Vicentina, Ciudad de México, México
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Alimentación Lerma de Villada, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Lerma, Edo. de México, México
| | - L C Gómez-Ruíz
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa. División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Colonia Vicentina, Ciudad de México, México
| | - E Contreras-López
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Área Académica de Química, Ciudad del Conocimiento, Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo, México
| | - F Guzmán-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa. División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Colonia Vicentina, Ciudad de México, México
| | - L G González-Olivares
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Área Académica de Química, Ciudad del Conocimiento, Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo, México
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Jiang M, Meng Z, Cheng Z, Zhan K, Ma X, Yang T, Huang Y, Yan Q, Gong X, Zhao G. Effects of Buffalo Milk and Cow Milk on Lipid Metabolism in Obese Mice Induced by High Fat. Front Nutr 2022; 9:841800. [PMID: 35558744 PMCID: PMC9089190 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.841800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of buffalo milk and cow milk on lipid metabolism in obese mice. Milk composition analysis showed fat, protein, and total solid content in buffalo milk was higher than cow milk, while the lactose content of buffalo milk was lower than cow milk. After milk metabolite extraction and LC-MS/MS analysis, differential metabolites were mainly enriched in “linoleic acid metabolism pathways,” “pentose and glucuronate interconversion pathways,” and “metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450 pathways.” We fed three groups of C57BL/6J mice (n = 6 per group) for 5 weeks: (1) high-fat diet group (HFD group); (2) high-fat diet + buffalo milk group (HBM group); and (3) high-fat diet + cow milk group (HCM group). Our results showed that body weight of mice was significantly decreased in HBM and HCM groups from 1 to 4 weeks compared with the HFD group. The mRNA expression of ACAA2, ACACB, and SLC27A5 genes involved in the lipid metabolism in liver tissue were significantly elevated in HCM group, relatively to HFD and HBM group. In addition, the adipocyte number, size and lipid accumulation in the liver were significantly decreased in HCM group compared with the HFD group by H&E staining and oil red O staining, but was not change in HBM group. The mRNA levels of TNF-α and IL-1β inflammatory genes were significantly increased in HBM group, relatively to HFD and HCM group, which is consistent with results from inflammatory cell infiltration and tissue disruption by colon tissue sections. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of cow milk has beneficial effects on loss of weight and lipid metabolism in obese mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maocheng Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zitong Meng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhiqiang Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Kang Zhan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Tianyu Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yinghao Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Qi Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Gong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Guoqi Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou, China
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16
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Sharifi F, Heydarzadeh R, Vafa RG, Rahmani M, Parizi MM, Ahmadi A, Zamiri B, Montaseri M, Kojuri J. The effect of calcium and vitamin D supplements on blood pressure in postmenopausal women: myth or reality? Hypertens Res 2022; 45:1203-1209. [PMID: 35562420 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-022-00930-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is a highly prevalent disease with serious cardiovascular and renal complications. Many studies have demonstrated a weak correlation between the consumption of calcium (or calcium plus vitamin D) and blood pressure, suggesting that calcium supplements might reduce blood pressure. However, the results to date remain controversial. In this study, we assessed the effect of calcium and vitamin D supplementation on the blood pressure of postmenopausal women with hypertension as a population group in which the use of calcium supplements is prevalent. This triple-blind randomized clinical trial enrolled 98 women of postmenopausal age with hypertension in 2019. The study period was 8 weeks with close follow-up. We used 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring to record the initial and final blood pressure in all participants. The changes in both the mean systolic (p = 0.047) and diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.015) were suggestive of an increase in blood pressure after consuming calcium and vitamin D supplements. Among patients who had been using calcium channel blockers, calcium and vitamin D supplementation caused a notable increase compared to baseline systolic (p = 0.019) and diastolic blood pressures (p = 0.001). The present results differ from those of previous studies. This suggests that calcium supplementation for postmenopausal women with hypertension requires the close observation of blood pressure to prevent any further increase, especially in women who are being treated with calcium channel blockers (clinicaltrial.gov registration: NCT04618952).
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Sharifi
- Cardiology Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | | | | | | | - Amin Ahmadi
- Professor Kojuri Cardiology Clinic, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | | | - Javad Kojuri
- Cardiology Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. .,Professor Kojuri Cardiology Clinic, Shiraz, Iran. .,Clinical Education Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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17
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Riseberg E, Lopez-Cepero A, Mangano KM, Tucker KL, Mattei J. Specific Dietary Protein Sources Are Associated with Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study. J Acad Nutr Diet 2022; 122:298-308.e3. [PMID: 34144919 PMCID: PMC8671554 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2021.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Puerto Rican adults residing in the US mainland experience a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS). A diet containing healthy protein-rich sources may help control risk factors for MetS. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate 2-year longitudinal associations between intake of various protein-rich foods and changes in the six MetS components. DESIGN This is a secondary analysis of a longitudinal cohort study using data from the baseline (2004-2007) and 2-year follow-up visits (2006-2011) in the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING Participants were self-identified Puerto Ricans, aged 45 to 75 years, residing in Boston, Massachusetts, or the surrounding area (n = 1,126). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES MetS components were fasting glucose, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, and waist circumference. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Baseline intake of foods reported in a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire were expressed as servings/day, and protein-rich foods were categorized as unprocessed white meat, unprocessed red meat, processed meat, milk and yogurt, cheese, fish and seafood, beans, nuts, and eggs. Associations between each continuous protein food group and continuous 2-year change in MetS components were assessed using linear mixed models adjusted for socioeconomic and behavioral factors, and other dietary sources. RESULTS The top contributors to total protein intake were unprocessed red meat (13.3%) and unprocessed poultry (13.0%), and the lowest were eggs (2.92%) and nuts (0.91%). Higher intake of processed meats was associated with an increase in waist circumference over 2 years (β = 1.28; standard error [SE] = 0.63), whereas higher intake of fish and seafood was associated with a decrease in waist circumference (β = -3.47; SE = 1.39). Intake of unprocessed poultry was associated with a decrease in triglycerides (β = -24.5; SE = 9.13). No other significant associations were observed between protein sources and 2-year changes in MetS components. CONCLUSIONS Consuming less processed meat and more fish and seafood and unprocessed poultry was associated with decreases in waist circumference and triglycerides among US mainland Puerto Ricans. Other dietary protein sources were not related to cardiometabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Riseberg
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrea Lopez-Cepero
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kelsey M Mangano
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Katherine L Tucker
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Josiemer Mattei
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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18
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Feasibility of Low-Sodium, High-Potassium Processed Foods and Their Effect on Blood Pressure in Free-Living Japanese Men: A Randomized, Double-Blind Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103497. [PMID: 34684498 PMCID: PMC8540744 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to verify the effect of new low-sodium high-potassium seasonings and processed foods containing poly-γ-glutamic acid on blood pressure in free-living settings. To this end, we conducted a randomized, double-blind controlled trial on 187 Japanese men, aged 35–67 years, who did not use antihypertensives. Participants were randomly allocated to an intervention (n = 93) or a control group (n = 94). They were given a boxed lunch and miso soup (average Na and K content for the intervention group: 1175 and 1476 mg; for the control group: 2243 and 703 mg, respectively). Blood pressure was measured three times every morning for 1 week immediately before and during the final week of the trial. On the day before and the final day of the intervention period, 24 h urine samples were collected. After intervention, the intervention group showed a significantly stronger decrease in the urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio than the control group (p < 0.001). The mean difference in systolic blood pressure change after adjustment for baseline values between the two groups was −2.1 (95% CI: −3.6, −0.6) mmHg. Compliance between the groups was similar, suggesting successful blinding. In conclusion, the use of new seasonings and processed foods aimed at lowering blood pressure in free-living settings may be feasible and effective.
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19
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Chen Z, Ahmed M, Ha V, Jefferson K, Malik V, Ribeiro PAB, Zuchinali P, Drouin-Chartier JP. Dairy Product Consumption and Cardiovascular Health: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies. Adv Nutr 2021; 13:S2161-8313(22)00071-0. [PMID: 34550320 PMCID: PMC8970833 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The association between dairy product consumption and cardiovascular health remains highly debated. We quantitatively synthesized prospective cohort evidence on the associations between dairy consumption and risk of hypertension (HTN), coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke. We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science through August 1st, 2020 to retrieve prospective cohort studies that reported on dairy consumption and risk of HTN, CHD or stroke. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the highest vs the lowest category of intake and for 1 serving/day increase in consumption. We rated the quality of evidence using NutriGrade. Fifty-five studies were included. Total dairy consumption was associated with a lower risk of HTN (RR for highest vs lowest level of intake: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.86-0.95, I2 = 73.5%; RR for 1 serving/day increase: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.94-0.97, I2 = 66.5%), CHD (highest vs lowest level of intake: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.92-1.00, I2 = 46.6%; 1 serving/day increase: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.95-1.00, I2 = 56.7%), and stroke (highest vs lowest level of intake: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.85-0.96, I2 = 60.8%; 1 serving/day increase: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.93-0.99, I2 = 74.7%). Despite moderate to considerable heterogeneity, these associations remained consistent across multiple subgroups. Evidence on the relationship between total dairy and risk of HTN and CHD were of moderate quality and of low quality for stroke. Low-fat dairy consumption was associated with lower risk of HTN and stroke, and high-fat dairy with a lower risk of stroke. Milk, cheese, or yogurt consumption showed inconsistent associations with the cardiovascular outcomes in high vs. low intake and dose-response meta-analyses. Total dairy consumption was associated with a modestly lower risk of hypertension, CHD and stroke. Moderate to considerable heterogeneity was observed in the estimates and the overall quality of the evidence was low to moderate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangling Chen
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mavra Ahmed
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,Joannah and Brian Lawson Centre for Child Nutrition, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Vanessa Ha
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | | | - Vasanti Malik
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Paula A B Ribeiro
- Montreal Behavioural Medicine Centre, CIUSSS du Nord-de-l’Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada,Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Priccila Zuchinali
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
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20
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Yousef S, Manuel D, Colman I, Papadimitropoulos M, Hossain A, Faris M, Wells GA. Vitamin D Status among First-Generation Immigrants from Different Ethnic Groups and Origins: An Observational Study Using the Canadian Health Measures Survey. Nutrients 2021; 13:2702. [PMID: 34444863 PMCID: PMC8400966 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
One in five Canadians are first-generation immigrants. Evidence suggests the baseline risk for vitamin D (vitD) deficiency is increased among immigrants who move from equatorial to northern countries. We investigated the prevalence and determinants of vitD deficiency/insufficiency among first-generation immigrants compared with native-born Canadians and identified explanatory covariables. We used a cross-sectional design with data from the national Canadian Health Measures Survey (Cycles 3 and 4) (11,579 participants aged 3-79 years). We assessed serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (S-25(OH)D) levels, sociodemographic and environmental factors, immigration status, length of time in Canada, vitD-rich food intake, ethnicity, and place of birth. Immigrants had lower mean S-25(OH)D than non-immigrants (51.23 vs. 62.72 nmol/L, p < 0.001). Those with younger age at the time of immigration (<18 years) had a high risk for low vitD, and S-25(OH)D levels increased with the length of time they had lived in Canada. The highest deficiency levels were in immigrants born in Morocco, India, and Lebanon compared with native-born Canadians. Ethnicity was the factor most strongly associated with S-25(OH)D. Compared with the white ethnic grouping, the Japanese had the highest level of vitD deficiency, followed by Arabs and Southeast Asians. Ethnic variations, dietary intake, and lifestyle factors are the main predictors of/explanatory factors for vitD status among Canadian immigrants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Said Yousef
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (I.C.); (A.H.); (G.A.W.)
- Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4W7, Canada
| | - Douglas Manuel
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada;
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Ian Colman
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (I.C.); (A.H.); (G.A.W.)
| | - Manny Papadimitropoulos
- Eli Lilly Canada Inc., Toronto, ON M5X 1B1, Canada;
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Alomgir Hossain
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (I.C.); (A.H.); (G.A.W.)
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada
| | - MoezAlIslam Faris
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences/Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; or
| | - George A. Wells
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (I.C.); (A.H.); (G.A.W.)
- Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4W7, Canada
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21
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Heidari Z, Rashidi Pour Fard N, Clark CCT, Haghighatdoost F. Dairy products consumption and the risk of hypertension in adults: An updated systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:1962-1975. [PMID: 33985895 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2021.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS With an increase in the number of published prospective cohort studies, we sought to summarize the relationship between dairy products consumption and the risk of hypertension (HTN). DATA SYNTHESIS We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Science direct, and Scopus. Pooled RRs and 95% CIs were calculated using a random effects model. The certainty of the evidence was assessed by Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). Sixteen studies were included in the current meta-analysis. We found an inverse association between total dairy products (RR = 0.90; 95% CI: 0.87, 0.94; n = 16), low-fat dairy products (RR = 0.86; 95% CI: 0.77, 0.96; n = 8), milk (RR = 0.94; 95% CI: 0.90, 0.99; n = 11), and fermented dairy (RR = 0.95; 95% CI: 0.91, 0.99; n = 8) consumption and the risk of HTN. However, in subgroup analysis, despite a significant association for total dairy products in women, Americans, longer and larger studies, and self-reported HTN, no associations were found in males, Europeans, or Asians, and studies which followed participants for <10 years or had <3000 participants or measured HTN. Dose-response analysis revealed a non-linear association between total dairy products and milk consumption and the risk of HTN, but a linear association for low-fat dairy products. CONCLUSIONS Higher dairy products consumption was associated with reduced risk of HTN. This association was dependent on sex, geographical region of study, and the stage of HTN. However, the certainty of the evidence was graded either as low or very low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Heidari
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Cardiac Rehabilitation Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Cain C T Clark
- Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry, CV1 5FB, UK
| | - Fahimeh Haghighatdoost
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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22
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The Structure of Relationships between the Human Exposome and Cardiometabolic Health: The Million Veteran Program. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041364. [PMID: 33921792 PMCID: PMC8073795 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The exposome represents the array of dietary, lifestyle, and demographic factors to which an individual is exposed. Individual components of the exposome, or groups of components, are recognized as influencing many aspects of human physiology, including cardiometabolic health. However, the influence of the whole exposome on health outcomes is poorly understood and may differ substantially from the sum of its individual components. As such, studies of the complete exposome are more biologically representative than fragmented models based on subsets of factors. This study aimed to model the system of relationships underlying the way in which the diet, lifestyle, and demographic components of the overall exposome shapes the cardiometabolic risk profile. The current study included 36,496 US Veterans enrolled in the VA Million Veteran Program (MVP) who had complete assessments of their diet, lifestyle, demography, and markers of cardiometabolic health, including serum lipids, blood pressure, and glycemic control. The cohort was randomly divided into training and validation datasets. In the training dataset, we conducted two separate exploratory factor analyses (EFA) to identify common factors among exposures (diet, demographics, and physical activity) and laboratory measures (lipids, blood pressure, and glycemic control), respectively. In the validation dataset, we used multiple normal regression to examine the combined effects of exposure factors on the clinical factors representing cardiometabolic health. The mean ± SD age of participants was 62.4 ± 13.4 years for both the training and validation datasets. The EFA revealed 19 Exposure Common Factors and 5 Physiology Common Factors that explained the observed (measured) data. Multivariate regression in the validation dataset revealed the structure of associations between the Exposure Common Factors and the Physiology Common Factors. For example, we found that the factor for fruit consumption was inversely associated with the factor summarizing total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC, p = 0.008), and the latent construct describing light levels of physical activity was inversely associated with the blood pressure latent construct (p < 0.0001). We also found that a factor summarizing that participants who frequently consume whole milk are less likely to frequently consume skim milk, was positively associated with the latent constructs representing total cholesterol and LDLC as well as systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.0006 and <0.0001, respectively). Multiple multivariable-adjusted regression analyses of exposome factors allowed us to model the influence of the exposome as a whole. In this metadata-rich, prospective cohort of US Veterans, there was evidence of structural relationships between diet, lifestyle, and demographic exposures and subsequent markers of cardiometabolic health. This methodology could be applied to answer a variety of research questions about human health exposures that utilize electronic health record data and can accommodate continuous, ordinal, and binary data derived from questionnaires. Further work to explore the potential utility of including genetic risk scores and time-varying covariates is warranted.
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23
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Simsek B, Selte A, Egeli BH, Çakatay U. Effects of vitamin supplements on clinical cardiovascular outcomes: Time to move on! - A comprehensive review. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021; 42:1-14. [PMID: 33745562 PMCID: PMC9587338 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Vitamin supplementations have increasingly been advertised on media and reported to be widely used by the general public to improve cardiovascular health. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, people have become more interested in ways to improve and maintain their health. Increased awareness of people on healthy lifestyle is translating into inquisition regarding dietary supplements. AIM First, focus on the most commonly used vitamin supplements and comprehensively review the evidence for and against recommending them to patients to improve and/or maintain cardiovascular health. Second, illustrate how the interest in studies shifted over time from Vitamin A, E, C, and B to Vitamin D and observational studies led to randomized controlled trials. METHODS A thorough PubMed search with the phrase: "Vitamin supplements and cardiovascular health" was performed. In the present review, focus was maintained on the evidence for the use of vitamin supplements in the prevention of major cardiovascular events and/or the maintenance of cardiovascular health by comprehensively reviewing all previous studies indexed in PubMed. Studies with clinical 'hard' end-points were included only. RESULTS A total of 87 studies met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed in the present article. High-quality evidence suggesting benefits for the use of vitamin supplements to maintain or improve cardiovascular health in people is minimal to non-existent. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin supplementation does not improve clinical cardiovascular outcomes in general population. Counseling on the importance of maintaining a healthy lifestyle with adequate and nutritious food intake seems more appropriate to improve and maintain cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahadir Simsek
- Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, 34098, Fatih/Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Atakan Selte
- Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, 34098, Fatih/Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Bugra Han Egeli
- Graduate Medical Sciences, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E Concord St L-317, 02118, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Ufuk Çakatay
- Cerrahpasa Medical School, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, 34098, Fatih/Istanbul, Turkey.
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24
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O'Connell ML, Coppinger T, Lacey S, Arsenic T, McCarthy AL. The nutritional status and dietary intake of free-living seniors: A cross-sectional study. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021; 43:478-486. [PMID: 34024558 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Older adults are a population group at risk of inadequate nutrition due to reduced appetite, malabsorption, taste alterations and social factors. Yet, dietary investigations in Irish older adults are scarce. The aim of this study was to analyse the nutritional status and dietary intake of a sample of community-dwelling Irish elderly, in addition to the effect of age and gender on dietary intake in this age group. METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed in 162 (n = 91 female, n = 71 male, age 73.8 ± 6.8 years) adults aged 65 years and over in a region of Southern Ireland. Nutritional status was measured using the Mini Nutritional Assessment - Short Form (MNA-SF). Dietary intake was assessed using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). RESULTS 21.0% and 1.2% of the study population were at risk of malnutrition and malnourished, respectively. A high prevalence of dietary insufficiencies was observed. The most common insufficiencies reported were energy (54.9%), fibre (82.7%), calcium (58.6%), magnesium (62.3%), iron (54.9%), folate (66.0%), vitamin D (93.2%) and vitamin E (61.1%). Increasing age did not significantly influence nutrient intakes in males, while vitamin C and vitamin D intakes decreased with age in females, and the incidence of dietary folate insufficiency was higher in the oldest females. Gender differences in dietary intake were evident, with a higher prevalence of dietary inadequacy in male subjects. Excessive intake of sugars, snacks and fats was observed, particularly in males, while dairy recommendations were not being met. Dietary supplement use was rare (27.2%). CONCLUSIONS The poor dietary quality of this cohort may have significant health implications. Public health strategies to improve the diets of older adults are warranted, with a particular focus on increasing micronutrient intakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maeve Lorraine O'Connell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, Rossa Avenue, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Tara Coppinger
- Department of Sport, Leisure and Childhood Studies, Cork Institute of Technology, Rossa Avenue, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland
| | - Seán Lacey
- Department of Mathematics, Cork Institute of Technology, Rossa Avenue, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland
| | - Tijana Arsenic
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, Rossa Avenue, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland
| | - Aoife Louise McCarthy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, Rossa Avenue, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland
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25
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Alwosais EZM, Al-Ozairi E, Zafar TA, Alkandari S. Chia seed ( Salvia hispanica L.) supplementation to the diet of adults with type 2 diabetes improved systolic blood pressure: A randomized controlled trial. Nutr Health 2021; 27:181-189. [PMID: 33530854 DOI: 10.1177/0260106020981819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional food ingredients, such as dietary fiber, long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, and high-quality protein, have been shown to help control blood glucose concentration and lower high blood pressure (BP), as well as improving other cardiovascular disease risk factors. However, little research has assessed the impacts of consuming chia seeds, which are rich in these nutrients, on metabolic and physiological outcomes, and results are conflicting. AIM The study aimed to investigate the possible effects of chia seeds on fasting blood glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, BP, lipid profile, body weight, and the inflammatory marker - high-sensitivity C-reactive protein - in people with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). METHODS Adults with T2DM (n = 42) were randomly assigned equally to the chia seed group, which consumed 40 g/day chia seeds for 12 weeks, or a control group, which did not consume any supplement. Blood samples were collected at baseline and after a 12-week intervention period to assess the study outcomes, such as glycemic control, BP, cardiovascular risk parameters including lipid profile, inflammatory marker, and body weight. RESULTS Adjusted for gender and baseline values, the chia seed group had systolic BP (SBP) significantly reduced compared to control [t (1) = 2.867, p = 0.007, η 2 p = 0.174]. No differences were observed in any other parameter tested in the chia seed or control group. CONCLUSIONS People with T2DM and hypertension, maintaining usual dietary consumption, physical activity pattern, and medications, had significantly reduced SBP compared to the control group when having consumed 40 g/d of chia seeds for 12 weeks.
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26
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Muñoz-Garach A, Cornejo-Pareja I, Martínez-González MÁ, Bulló M, Corella D, Castañer O, Romaguera D, Vioque J, Alonso-Gómez ÁM, Wärnberg J, Martínez JA, Serra-Majem L, Estruch R, Bernal-López MR, Lapetra J, Pintó X, Tur JA, López-Miranda J, Bueno-Cavanillas A, Delgado-Rodríguez M, Matía-Martín P, Daimiel L, Sánchez VM, Vidal J, Prieto L, Ros E, Fernández-Aranda F, Camacho-Barcia L, Ortega-Azorin C, Soria M, Fiol M, Compañ-Gabucio L, Goicolea-Güemez L, Pérez-López J, Goñi N, Pérez-Cabrera J, Sacanella E, Fernández-García JC, Miró-Moriano L, Gimenez-Gracia M, Razquin C, Paz-Graniel I, Guillem P, Zomeño MD, Moñino M, Oncina-Canovas A, Salaverria-Lete I, Toledo E, Salas-Salvadó J, Schröder H, Tinahones FJ. Milk and Dairy Products Intake Is Related to Cognitive Impairment at Baseline in Predimed Plus Trial. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2000728. [PMID: 33471961 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE To examine the association between milk and dairy products intake and the prevalence of cognitive decline among Spanish individuals at high cardiovascular risk. METHODS AND RESULTS Cross-sectional analyses are performed on baseline data from 6744 adults (aged 55-75 years old). Intake of milk and dairy products is estimated using a food frequency questionnaire grouped into quartiles. The risk of developing cognitive impairment is based on the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). A higher prevalence of cognitive decline was found in subjects who consumed more grams. Patients with worse MMSE score (10-24) consumed a mean of 395.14 ± 12.21 g, while patients with better MMSE score (27-30) consumed a mean of 341.23 ± 2.73 g (p < 0.05). Those subjects with the lower milk consumption (<220 g/day) had a higher MMSE score (28.35 ± 0.045). Higher intake of fermented dairy products was observed in participants with a lower MMSE score (OR 1.340, p = 0.003). A positive correlation was found between the consumption of whole milk and the MMSE score (r = 0.066, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that greater consumption of milk and dairy products could be associated with greater cognitive decline according to MMSE. Conversely, consumption of whole-fat milk could be linked with less cognitive impairment in the cross-sectional study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Araceli Muñoz-Garach
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Malaga University. Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Avda. Teatinos s/n., Málaga, 29010, Spain
| | - Isabel Cornejo-Pareja
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Malaga University. Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Avda. Teatinos s/n., Málaga, 29010, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, C/ Monforte de Lemos, 5., Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Martínez-González
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, C/ Monforte de Lemos, 5., Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, IDISNA. C/ Irunlarrea, 1, Pamplona, Navarra, 31008, Spain.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. 665 Huntington Avenue Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
| | - Monica Bulló
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, C/ Monforte de Lemos, 5., Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició. Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus Sescelades. C/ Marcel·lí Domingo, 1., Reus, Tarragona, 43007, Spain.,Nutrition Unit. University Hospital of Sant Joan de Reus., Avinguda del Doctor Josep Laporte, 2, Reus, Tarragona, 43204, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV)., Carrer Dr. Mallafré Guasch, 4., Reus, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Dolores Corella
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, C/ Monforte de Lemos, 5., Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia., Av. de Blasco Ibáñez, 13., Valencia, 46010, Spain
| | - Olga Castañer
- Unit of Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Institut Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas Municipal d`Investigació Médica (IMIM)., Carrer del Dr. Aiguader, 88., Barcelona, 08003, Spain
| | - Dora Romaguera
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, C/ Monforte de Lemos, 5., Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa). Edificio S, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Carretera de Valldemossa, 79., Palma, Balearic Islands, 07120, Spain
| | - Jesús Vioque
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/ Monforte de Lemos, 5., Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Miguel Hernandez University, ISABIAL-FISABIO, Avda Pintor Baeza, 12 HGUA. Centro de Diagnóstico., Planta 5ª., Alicante, 03010, Spain
| | - Ángel M Alonso-Gómez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, C/ Monforte de Lemos, 5., Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Department of Cardiology, Organización Sanitaria Integrada (OSI) ARABA, University Hospital Araba, C/ Jose Atxotegi Kalea, s/n., Araba Vitoria-Gasteiz, 01009, Spain.,University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, C/ Nieves Cano Kalea, 12., Araba Vitoria-Gasteiz, 01006, Spain
| | - Julia Wärnberg
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, C/ Monforte de Lemos, 5., Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Málaga-Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga (IBIMA), Calle Severo Ochoa, 63., Málaga, 29590, Spain
| | - J Alfredo Martínez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, C/ Monforte de Lemos, 5., Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences, and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, C/ Irunlarrea 1., Pamplona, Navarra, 31008, Spain.,Nutritional Genomics and Epigenomics Group, IMDEA Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, Crta. de, Carr. de Canto Blanco, 8., Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Luís Serra-Majem
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, C/ Monforte de Lemos, 5., Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Nutrition Research Group, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (iUIBS)., Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe "Físico" (s/n)., 35016 - Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Islas Canarias, Spain
| | - Ramon Estruch
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, C/ Monforte de Lemos, 5., Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Department of Internal Medicine, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Carrer del Rosselló, 149., Barcelona, 08036, Spain
| | - M Rosa Bernal-López
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, C/ Monforte de Lemos, 5., Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Department of Internal Medicine, Regional University Hospital of Malaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Malaga (IBIMA), Plaza del Hospital Civil, s/n., Malaga, 29009, Spain
| | - José Lapetra
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, C/ Monforte de Lemos, 5., Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Department of Family Medicine, Research Unit, Distrito Sanitario Atención Primaria Sevilla, Edificio Isla, Av. de Ramón y Cajal, 9., Sevilla, 41005, Spain
| | - Xavier Pintó
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, C/ Monforte de Lemos, 5., Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat., Universidad de Barcelona, Carrer de la Feixa Llarga, s/n., 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Medicine Department. Universidad de Barcelona, Calle Gran Via de les Corts Catalanes, 585., Barcelona, 08007, Spain
| | - Josep A Tur
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, C/ Monforte de Lemos, 5., Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, Carretera de Valldemossa, km 7.5., Palma de Mallorca, 07122, Spain
| | - José López-Miranda
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, C/ Monforte de Lemos, 5., Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Av. Menendez Pidal, s/n., Cordoba, 14004, Spain
| | - Aurora Bueno-Cavanillas
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/ Monforte de Lemos, 5., Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Av. del Hospicio, 1., Granada, 18010, Spain
| | - Miguel Delgado-Rodríguez
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/ Monforte de Lemos, 5., Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Division of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, s/n., Jaén, 23071, Spain
| | - Pilar Matía-Martín
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Calle del Prof Martín Lagos, s/n., Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Lidia Daimiel
- Nutritional Genomics and Epigenomics Group, IMDEA Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, Crta. de, Carr. de Canto Blanco, 8., Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Vicente Martín Sánchez
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/ Monforte de Lemos, 5., Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, Campus Universitario de Vegazana s/n., León, 24071, Spain
| | - Josep Vidal
- CIBER Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), C/ Monforte de Lemos, 5., Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Department of Endocrinology, Institut d` Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Carrer del Rosselló, 149., Barcelona, 08036, Spain
| | - Lucia Prieto
- Department of Endocrinology, Fundación Jiménez-Díaz, Av. de los Reyes Católicos, 2., Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Emilio Ros
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, C/ Monforte de Lemos, 5., Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, Carrer del Rosselló, 149., Barcelona, 08036, Spain
| | - Fernando Fernández-Aranda
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, C/ Monforte de Lemos, 5., Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL and Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences., University of Barcelona, Campus de Bellvitge, Feixa Llarga, s/n., 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lucía Camacho-Barcia
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, C/ Monforte de Lemos, 5., Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició. Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus Sescelades. C/ Marcel·lí Domingo, 1., Reus, Tarragona, 43007, Spain.,Nutrition Unit. University Hospital of Sant Joan de Reus., Avinguda del Doctor Josep Laporte, 2, Reus, Tarragona, 43204, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV)., Carrer Dr. Mallafré Guasch, 4., Reus, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Carolina Ortega-Azorin
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, C/ Monforte de Lemos, 5., Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia., Av. de Blasco Ibáñez, 13., Valencia, 46010, Spain
| | - María Soria
- Unit of Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Institut Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas Municipal d`Investigació Médica (IMIM)., Carrer del Dr. Aiguader, 88., Barcelona, 08003, Spain
| | - Miquel Fiol
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, C/ Monforte de Lemos, 5., Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa). Edificio S, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Carretera de Valldemossa, 79., Palma, Balearic Islands, 07120, Spain
| | - Laura Compañ-Gabucio
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/ Monforte de Lemos, 5., Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Miguel Hernandez University, ISABIAL-FISABIO, Avda Pintor Baeza, 12 HGUA. Centro de Diagnóstico., Planta 5ª., Alicante, 03010, Spain
| | - Leire Goicolea-Güemez
- Department of Cardiology, Organización Sanitaria Integrada (OSI) ARABA, University Hospital Araba, C/ Jose Atxotegi Kalea, s/n., Araba Vitoria-Gasteiz, 01009, Spain
| | - Jessica Pérez-López
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, C/ Monforte de Lemos, 5., Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Málaga-Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga (IBIMA), Calle Severo Ochoa, 63., Málaga, 29590, Spain
| | - Nuria Goñi
- Navarro Health Service., Primary Care Pamplona, Plaza de la Paz s/n., Navarra, 31002, Spain
| | - Judith Pérez-Cabrera
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, C/ Monforte de Lemos, 5., Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Nutrition Research Group, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (iUIBS)., Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe "Físico" (s/n)., 35016 - Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Islas Canarias, Spain
| | - E Sacanella
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, C/ Monforte de Lemos, 5., Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Department of Internal Medicine, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Carrer del Rosselló, 149., Barcelona, 08036, Spain
| | - Jose Carlos Fernández-García
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Malaga University. Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Avda. Teatinos s/n., Málaga, 29010, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, C/ Monforte de Lemos, 5., Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Leticia Miró-Moriano
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, C/ Monforte de Lemos, 5., Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Department of Family Medicine, Research Unit, Distrito Sanitario Atención Primaria Sevilla, Edificio Isla, Av. de Ramón y Cajal, 9., Sevilla, 41005, Spain
| | - M Gimenez-Gracia
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, C/ Monforte de Lemos, 5., Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Department of Family Medicine, Research Unit, Distrito Sanitario Atención Primaria Sevilla, Edificio Isla, Av. de Ramón y Cajal, 9., Sevilla, 41005, Spain
| | - C Razquin
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, C/ Monforte de Lemos, 5., Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, IDISNA. C/ Irunlarrea, 1, Pamplona, Navarra, 31008, Spain.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. 665 Huntington Avenue Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
| | - Indira Paz-Graniel
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició. Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus Sescelades. C/ Marcel·lí Domingo, 1., Reus, Tarragona, 43007, Spain.,Nutrition Unit. University Hospital of Sant Joan de Reus., Avinguda del Doctor Josep Laporte, 2, Reus, Tarragona, 43204, Spain
| | - Patricia Guillem
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, C/ Monforte de Lemos, 5., Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia., Av. de Blasco Ibáñez, 13., Valencia, 46010, Spain
| | - María Dolors Zomeño
- Unit of Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Institut Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas Municipal d`Investigació Médica (IMIM)., Carrer del Dr. Aiguader, 88., Barcelona, 08003, Spain
| | - Manuel Moñino
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, C/ Monforte de Lemos, 5., Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa). Edificio S, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Carretera de Valldemossa, 79., Palma, Balearic Islands, 07120, Spain
| | - Alejandro Oncina-Canovas
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/ Monforte de Lemos, 5., Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Miguel Hernandez University, ISABIAL-FISABIO, Avda Pintor Baeza, 12 HGUA. Centro de Diagnóstico., Planta 5ª., Alicante, 03010, Spain
| | - Itziar Salaverria-Lete
- Department of Cardiology, Organización Sanitaria Integrada (OSI) ARABA, University Hospital Araba, C/ Jose Atxotegi Kalea, s/n., Araba Vitoria-Gasteiz, 01009, Spain
| | - Estefanía Toledo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, C/ Monforte de Lemos, 5., Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, IDISNA. C/ Irunlarrea, 1, Pamplona, Navarra, 31008, Spain.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. 665 Huntington Avenue Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, C/ Monforte de Lemos, 5., Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició. Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus Sescelades. C/ Marcel·lí Domingo, 1., Reus, Tarragona, 43007, Spain.,Nutrition Unit. University Hospital of Sant Joan de Reus., Avinguda del Doctor Josep Laporte, 2, Reus, Tarragona, 43204, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV)., Carrer Dr. Mallafré Guasch, 4., Reus, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Helmut Schröder
- Unit of Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Institut Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas Municipal d`Investigació Médica (IMIM)., Carrer del Dr. Aiguader, 88., Barcelona, 08003, Spain.,CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/ Monforte de Lemos, 5., Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Francisco J Tinahones
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Malaga University. Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Avda. Teatinos s/n., Málaga, 29010, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, C/ Monforte de Lemos, 5., Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | -
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Malaga University. Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Avda. Teatinos s/n., Málaga, 29010, Spain
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27
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Vitamin D and blood pressure control among hypertensive adults: results from NHANES 2001-2014. J Hypertens 2020; 38:150-158. [PMID: 31503133 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000002231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Observational evidence supports an inverse association between hypovitaminosis D and blood pressure (BP), but intervention data have failed to demonstrate beneficial effects of vitamin D supplementation on BP. Following the downwards redefinition of hypertension treatment targets and the need to better identify individuals at greater risk for uncontrolled BP, our aim was to test the association of serum vitamin D levels with the definition of uncontrolled BP according to European guidelines in treated hypertensive adults. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed cross-sectional, nationally representative data from treated hypertensive adults aged at least 18 years with available serum 25 (OH)D measurements. BP was examined as continuous (mmHg) and categorical (at or above treatment goal, as recommended by guidelines) variable; BP means and odds ratios for uncontrolled BP according to vitamin D levels were calculated using progressively adjusted models. RESULTS Treated hypertensive adults with vitamin D deficiency had higher mean BP (+2.4/3.5 mmHg; P < 0.01) and 25-29% higher risk of uncontrolled BP compared to those with vitamin levels at least 75 nmol/l. These results were confirmed across age, sex, and racial/ethnic strata. Vitamin D insufficiency was associated with higher BP by 0.5/2.4 mmHg, but not with an increased risk of uncontrolled hypertension. CONCLUSIONS 25 (OH)D levels might indicate host-specific features related to poor BP control. The attempt to use a biomarker of exposure as an indicator of need for treatment risks to be misleading.
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Sheikh V, Mozaianimonfared A, Gharakhani M, Poorolajal J, Ph D. Effect of vitamin D supplementation versus placebo on essential hypertension in patients with vitamin D deficiency: a double-blind randomized clinical trial. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2020; 22:1867-1873. [PMID: 32951301 DOI: 10.1111/jch.13926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Findings from randomized trials addressing the effect of vitamin D supplementation and blood pressure are inconsistent and have been the subject of recent debate. This study aimed to assess the effect of vitamin D supplementation on primary hypertension. This double-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted on patients aged 26-84 years with essential hypertension from March 2017 to April 2019. Patients with vitamin D insufficiency (serum vitamin D levels 20-30 ng/ml) or vitamin D deficiency (serum vitamin D levels <20 ng/ml) were enrolled in the study. Patients were randomly assigned to receive vitamin D supplementation or placebo. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure was measured before the intervention and one and two months thereafter. Of 208 patients enrolled, 171 patients remained for analysis. The effect of vitamin D supplementation on systolic blood pressure was statistically significant in the first and second months after the intervention (P=0.004 and P=0.024, respectively). The effect of vitamin D supplementation on diastolic blood pressure was statistically significant in the first month after the intervention (P=0.046), but not in the second month (P=0.885). No evidence of drug side effects was reported in the two groups. The results of this trial are suggestive of the potential benefits of vitamin D supplementation on blood pressure end points. Therefore, the use of vitamin D may be recommended as an adjuvant drug in the treatment of essential hypertension in patients with vitamin D deficiency because it is safe and well-tolerated by the patients and can significantly reduce the systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Trial registration: Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials registration number: IRCT201703129014N151.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vida Sheikh
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.,Clinical Research Development Unit of Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Azadeh Mozaianimonfared
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Gharakhani
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | | | - Ph D
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.,Modeling of Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Association of Cardiometabolic Multimorbidity Pattern with Dietary Factors among Adults in South Korea. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092730. [PMID: 32906713 PMCID: PMC7551044 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, cardiometabolic multimorbidity pattern (CMP) is a complex chronic health status that negatively effects the life expectancy of adults globally, even more than single diseases. We aimed to identify multimorbidity patterns in Korean adults to clarify the associations between dietary factors and CMP. Nationally representative data of 9011 Korean adults aged 19–64 years were obtained from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) from the period 2013 to 2015. Multimorbidity patterns for CMP, inflammatory disease, cancer and other disease patterns were identified by exploratory factor analysis. Dietary factors including food and nutrient intake and dietary habits were evaluated. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models examined the associations between dietary factors and CMP. More than half of the multimorbidity patterns were CMP (n = 4907, 54.5%); CMP subjects were more likely to be older, male, less educated, lower income, laborers, smokers, and high-risk consumers of alcohol than those of non-CMP subjects. A higher intake of calcium (OR = 0.809, 95% CI = 0.691–0.945), potassium (OR = 0.838, 95% CI = 0.704–0.998), and fruits (OR = 0.841, 95% CI = 0.736–0.960) were inversely associated with the prevalence of CMP, while the consumption of irregular meals (OR = 1.164, 95% CI = 1.034–1.312) and skipping breakfast (OR = 1.279, 95% CI = 1.078–1.518) was positively related to a 16% and 28% higher likelihood of CMP, respectively. CMP accounts for more than half of the multimorbidity patterns in the Korean population, and lower intake of calcium, potassium, fruits, and skipping meals have strong associations with CMP.
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Roy SJ, Tanaka H. Whole Milk and Full-Fat Dairy Products and Hypertensive Risks. Curr Hypertens Rev 2020; 17:181-195. [PMID: 32753019 DOI: 10.2174/1573402116666200804152649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Lifestyle modifications in the form of diet and exercise are generally a first-line approach to reduce hypertensive risk and overall cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Accumulating research evidence has revealed that consumption of non- and low-fat dairy products incorporated into the routine diet is an effective means to reduce elevated blood pressure and improve vascular functions. However, the idea of incorporating whole-fat or full-fat dairy products in the normal routine diet as a strategy to reduce CVD risk has been met with controversy. The aim of this review is to review both sides of the argument surrounding saturated fat intake and CVD risk from the standpoint of dairy intake. Throughout the review, we examined observational studies on relationships between CVD risk and dairy consumption, dietary intervention studies using non-fat and whole-fat dairy, and mechanistic studies investigating physiological mechanisms of saturated fat intake that may help to explain increases in cardiovascular disease risk. Currently available data have demonstrated that whole-fat dairy is unlikely to augment hypertensive risk when added to the normal routine diet but may negatively impact CVD risk. In conclusion, whole-fat dairy may not be a recommended alternative to non- or low-fat dairy products as a means to reduce hypertensive or overall CVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Roy
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, Cardiovascular Aging Research Laboratory, The University of Texas at Austin, TX 78712. United States
| | - Hirofumi Tanaka
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, Cardiovascular Aging Research Laboratory, The University of Texas at Austin, TX 78712. United States
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31
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Rural and Urban Population Differences in the Association of Dietary Calcium with Blood Pressure and Hypertension Occurrence: Analysis of Longitudinal Data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey. J 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/j3010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship of dietary calcium intake (DCI) to blood pressure (BP) and hypertension occurrence (HTN) in the general population is controversial. Few studies have reported the impact of DCI on high blood pressure (HBP) and HTN in rural and urban populations (RPs and UPs, respectively). In this study, we assessed how DCI is related to BP and HTN among the RP and the UP. This retrospective study used data from the Chinese Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) for 2000–2009. We analyzed 12,052 records from 3013 participants using path analysis and logistic regressions. DCI and HTN were significantly higher in the UP compared to the RP. When UPs and RPs were analyzed together, a 1 unit increase in DCI decreased systolic blood pressure (SBP) by 0.01 (p = 0.002) but had no effect on diastolic blood pressure. Males vs. females from the RP presented significant risk of HTN by the high DCI (OR = 2.3 (1.6–3.6)). DCI and its association with BP varied based on living environment and sex.
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Villaverde P, Lajous M, MacDonald CJ, Fagherazzi G, Boutron-Ruault MC, Bonnet F. Dairy product consumption and hypertension risk in a prospective French cohort of women. Nutr J 2020; 19:12. [PMID: 32024524 PMCID: PMC7003316 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-020-0527-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among potentially modifiable factors, dairy product consumption has been inconsistently associated with hypertension risk. The objective of this study was to investigate the relation between dairy product consumption and the risk of hypertension among middle-aged women. METHODS In a prospective cohort of 40,526 French women, there were 9340 new cases of hypertension after an average 12.2 years of follow up. Consumptions of milk, yogurt, and types of cheese were assessed at baseline using a validated dietary questionnaire. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for hypertension were estimated with multivariate Cox models with age as the time scale. RESULTS The mean dairy consumption was 2.2 + 1.2 servings/day, as cottage cheese (0.2 + 0.2 servings/day), yogurt (0.6 + 0.5 servings/day), milk (0.4 + 0.7 servings/day), and cheese (1.1 + 0.8 servings/day). There was no association between risk of hypertension and total dairy consumption (multivariate HR for the fifth vs. first quintile HR5vs.1 = 0.97 [0.91; 1.04]). There was no association with any specific type of dairy, except for a positive association between processed cheese consumption and hypertension (multivariate HR4vs.1 = 1.12 [1.06; 1.18]; p trend = < 0.003). CONCLUSIONS In this large prospective cohort of French women, overall consumption of dairy products was not associated with the risk of hypertension. Results regarding processed cheese must be further confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Villaverde
- Center for Research on Population Health, INSP (Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública), Cuernavaca, Mexico.,Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France.,Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Institut Gustave Roussy, INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) U1018, Villejuif, France
| | - Martin Lajous
- Center for Research on Population Health, INSP (Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública), Cuernavaca, Mexico.,Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France.,Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Conor-James MacDonald
- Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France.,Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Institut Gustave Roussy, INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) U1018, Villejuif, France
| | - Guy Fagherazzi
- Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France.,Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Institut Gustave Roussy, INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) U1018, Villejuif, France.,Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault
- Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France. .,Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France. .,Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Institut Gustave Roussy, INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) U1018, Villejuif, France.
| | - Fabrice Bonnet
- Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France.,Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Institut Gustave Roussy, INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) U1018, Villejuif, France.,Groupe hospitalier Paris St-Joseph, Paris, France
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Due to inconsistent findings on dairy consumption and CVD and all-cause mortality, we performed a narrative literature review to the current literature on dairy and its association with CVD. RECENT FINDINGS Due to their complex biochemistry, dairy consumption is a rather heterogeneous exposure. Multiple pathways have been proposed from dairy consumption and CVD. Current guidelines advocate for consumption of low-fat dairy products particularly milk, cheese, and yogurt, although the evidence for this is scant. Randomized clinical trials and large prospective studies on lipid-related cardiometabolic disease risk factors are consistent with results from most meta-analyses of prospective cohort studies, which suggest null or inverse relationship between CVD risk and mortality with dairy consumption although there is no clear dose response relationship. Most of current evidence suggests that dairy products are neutral or positive effect on human cardiovascular diseases.
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Liu Q, Ayoub‐Charette S, Khan TA, Au‐Yeung F, Blanco Mejia S, de Souza RJ, Wolever TM, Leiter LA, Kendall CW, Sievenpiper JL. Important Food Sources of Fructose-Containing Sugars and Incident Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 8:e010977. [PMID: 31826724 PMCID: PMC6951071 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.010977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Sugar-sweetened beverages are associated with hypertension. We assessed the relation of important food sources of fructose-containing sugars with incident hypertension using a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Methods and Results We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane (through December week 2, 2018) for eligible studies. For each food source, natural log-transformed risk ratios (RRs) for incident hypertension were pooled using pair-wise meta-analysis and linear and nonlinear dose-response meta-analyses. Certainty in our evidence was assessed using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation. We identified 26 reports, including 15 prospective cohorts (930 677 participants; 363 459 cases). Sugar-sweetened beverages showed harmful (RRper-355-mL, 1.10 [95% CI, 1.08, 1.12]) whereas fruit (RRper-240-g, 0.94 [95% CI, 0.96, 0.99]) and yogurt showed protective associations (RRper-125-g, 0.95 [95% CI, 0.94, 0.97]) with incident hypertension throughout the dose range. One hundred percent fruit juice showed a protective association only at moderate doses (RRat-100-mL, 0.97 [95% CI, 0.94, 0.99]). The pair-wise protective association of dairy desserts was not supported by linear dose-response analysis. Fruit drinks or sweet snacks were not associated with hypertension. Certainty of the evidence was "low" for sugar-sweetened beverages, 100% fruit juice, fruit, and yogurt and "very low" for fruit drinks, sweet snacks, and dairy desserts. Conclusions The harmful association between sugar-sweetened beverages and hypertension does not extend to other important food sources of fructose-containing sugars. Further research is needed to improve our estimates and better understand the dose-response relationship between food sources of fructose-containing sugars and hypertension. Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/. Unique identifier: NCT02702375.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials UnitClinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification CentreSt. Michael's HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of Nutritional SciencesFaculty of MedicineUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Sabrina Ayoub‐Charette
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials UnitClinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification CentreSt. Michael's HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of Nutritional SciencesFaculty of MedicineUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Tauseef Ahmad Khan
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials UnitClinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification CentreSt. Michael's HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of Nutritional SciencesFaculty of MedicineUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Fei Au‐Yeung
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials UnitClinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification CentreSt. Michael's HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of Nutritional SciencesFaculty of MedicineUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Sonia Blanco Mejia
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials UnitClinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification CentreSt. Michael's HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of Nutritional SciencesFaculty of MedicineUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Russell J. de Souza
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials UnitClinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification CentreSt. Michael's HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of Nutritional SciencesFaculty of MedicineUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and ImpactFaculty of Health SciencesMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
| | - Thomas M.S. Wolever
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials UnitClinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification CentreSt. Michael's HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of Nutritional SciencesFaculty of MedicineUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismSt. Michael's HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge InstituteSt. Michael's HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Lawrence A. Leiter
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials UnitClinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification CentreSt. Michael's HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of Nutritional SciencesFaculty of MedicineUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismSt. Michael's HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge InstituteSt. Michael's HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Cyril W.C. Kendall
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials UnitClinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification CentreSt. Michael's HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of Nutritional SciencesFaculty of MedicineUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- College of Pharmacy and NutritionUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSaskatchewanCanada
| | - John L. Sievenpiper
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials UnitClinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification CentreSt. Michael's HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of Nutritional SciencesFaculty of MedicineUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismSt. Michael's HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge InstituteSt. Michael's HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
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Woo HW, Lim YH, Kim MK, Shin J, Lee YH, Shin DH, Shin MH, Choi BY. Prospective associations between total, animal, and vegetable calcium intake and metabolic syndrome in adults aged 40 years and older. Clin Nutr 2019; 39:2282-2291. [PMID: 31690470 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2019.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Calcium (Ca) consumption may contribute to a decreased risk of developing metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, epidemiologic evidence on the association between Ca intake and MetS is limited. This study aimed to evaluate the association between dietary Ca intake (animal-based Ca and vegetable-based Ca separately, as well as total Ca intake) and the incidence risk of MetS and its components in the Korean Multi-Rural Communities Cohort (MRCohort). METHODS A total of 5509 participants who did not have MetS were enrolled. Dietary Ca intake was calculated using a food frequency questionnaire composed of 106 items. RESULTS After 18,880 person-years of follow-up, 876 participants had developed de novo MetS. A significant inverse association between dietary total Ca intake and MetS were observed (incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 0.62, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.48-0.81, P for trend = 0.002 for the highest quartile of total Ca intake compared with the lowest quartile). Trends for animal Ca (IRR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.62-0.97, P for trend = 0.039) and vegetable Ca (IRR = 0.54, 95% CI = 0.40-0.73, P for trend <0.001) were similar. The individual components of overall MetS were also inversely related to total, animal, and vegetable Ca. The tendency for an inverse association was more evident in the group with two of any of the metabolic abnormalities of MetS at baseline than in the group with no more than one MetS component. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that a relatively high dietary intake of Ca is associated with lower risk of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Won Woo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea; Institute for Health and Society, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Hyo Lim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mi Kyung Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea; Institute for Health and Society, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Jinho Shin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Hoon Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine & Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Min-Ho Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Bo Youl Choi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea; Institute for Health and Society, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
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Oily Fish Consumption and the Risk of Dyslipidemia in Korean Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study Based on the Health Examinees Gem (HEXA-G) Study. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102506. [PMID: 31627478 PMCID: PMC6835780 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the beneficial effects of omega-3 fatty acids from fish or fish oil on cardiovascular diseases, limited information is available regarding the effects of oily fish in the diet on the risk of dyslipidemia. This study aimed to investigate the association between oily fish consumption and the incidence of dyslipidemia among Korean adults included in the Health Examinees Gem (HEXA-G) cohort during 5 years of follow-up. In total, 20,670 participants (5710 men and 14,960 women) were included in this study. The average intake of oily fish including dark meat fish, such as mackerel, pacific saury, and Spanish mackerel, and eel, was estimated using food frequency questionnaires. Oily fish consumption was associated with a significantly lower risk of hypertriglyceridemia in both men (Relative risk (RR) comparing extreme quintiles = 0.75; 95% CI 0.60–0.95; P for trend = 0.0121) and women (RR comparing extreme quintiles = 0.81; 95% CI 0.69–0.96; P for trend = 0.0110) after adjusting for potential confounders. In conclusion, increased consumption of oily fish was significantly associated with a lower risk of hypertriglyceridemia in the general Korean population. Future randomized clinical trials or prospective studies are required to confirm these findings in the Korean or other Asian populations.
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Buendia JR, Li Y, Hu FB, Cabral HJ, Bradlee ML, Quatromoni PA, Singer MR, Curhan GC, Moore LL. Long-term yogurt consumption and risk of incident hypertension in adults. J Hypertens 2019; 36:1671-1679. [PMID: 29952852 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000001737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the relation between yogurt consumption as well as cheese, milk, and total dairy, and high blood pressure (HBP) in two Nurses' Health Study cohorts (NHS, n = 69 298), NHS II (n = 84 368) and the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (HPFS, n = 30 512). METHODS NHS, NHS II, and HPFS participants were followed for incident HBP for up to 30, 20, and 24 years, respectively. Hazard ratios were calculated using time-dependent multivariate-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models. Pooled risk estimates were derived from fixed effects meta-analyses. RESULTS Participants consuming at least five servings per week (vs. <1 serving per month) of yogurt in NHS, NHS II, and HPFS had 19% (95% CI 0.75-0.87), 17% (95% CI 0.77-0.90), and 6% (95% CI 0.83-1.07) lower HBP risks, respectively. In pooled analyses of these cohorts, higher yogurt consumption was linked with 16% (95% CI 0.80-0.88) lower HBP risk; higher total dairy (3 to <6 vs. <0.5 servings/day), milk (2 to <6/day vs. <4/week) and cheese (1 to 4/day vs. <1/week) were associated with 16% (95% CI 0.81-0.87), 12% (95% CI 0.86-0.90), and 6% (95% CI 0.90-0.97) lower HBP risks, respectively. After controlling for BMI as a possible causal intermediate, total dairy, yogurt, milk, and cheese were associated with 13, 10, 8, and 8% lower HBP risks, respectively. The combination of higher yogurt intake and higher DASH ('Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension') diet scores was associated with 30% (95% CI 0.66-0.75) lower HBP risk compared with lower levels of both factors. CONCLUSION Higher total dairy intake, especially in the form of yogurt, was associated with lower risk of incident HBP in middle-aged and older adult men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin R Buendia
- Department of Medicine/Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Boston University School of Medicine
| | - Yanping Li
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health
| | - Frank B Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health
| | - Howard J Cabral
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health
| | - M Loring Bradlee
- Department of Medicine/Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Boston University School of Medicine
| | - Paula A Quatromoni
- Department of Health Sciences/Programs in Nutrition, Sargent College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Boston University
| | - Martha R Singer
- Department of Medicine/Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Boston University School of Medicine
| | - Gary C Curhan
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lynn L Moore
- Department of Medicine/Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Boston University School of Medicine
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Chandran M, Tay D, Mithal A. Supplemental calcium intake in the aging individual: implications on skeletal and cardiovascular health. Aging Clin Exp Res 2019; 31:765-781. [PMID: 30915723 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-019-01150-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adequate calcium intake during childhood is necessary to achieve optimal peak bone mass and this has the potential by increasing bone reserves, to modulate the rate of age-associated bone loss. However, data regarding the efficacy of calcium obtained either through the diet or in the form of medicinal supplementation, for prevention of bone loss and osteoporotic fractures in the elderly is conflicting. Calcium alone is unlikely to be of benefit for this purpose though the co-administration of calcium and vitamin D may have modest fracture risk benefits. Supplemental calcium with or without vitamin D has recently come into the spotlight after the publication of the findings from a controversial randomized controlled trial that associated calcium supplementation with an increased risk of myocardial infarction. Since then, multiple studies have explored this potential link. The data remains conflicting and the potential mechanistic link if any exists, remains elusive. This review examines the relationship between supplemental calcium intake and skeletal and cardiovascular health in the aging individual through an appraisal of studies done on the subject in the last three decades. It also briefly details some of the studies evaluating fractional absorption of calcium in the elderly and the rationale behind the current recommended dietary allowances of calcium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manju Chandran
- Osteoporosis and Bone Metabolism Unit, Department of Endocrinology, Singapore General Hospital, 20 College Road, 169856, Academia, Singapore.
| | - Donovan Tay
- Department of Medicine, Sengkang General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ambrish Mithal
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Medanta-The Medicity, Gurgaon, New Delhi, India
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Mishali M, Prizant-Passal S, Avrech T, Shoenfeld Y. Association between dairy intake and the risk of contracting type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis with subgroup analysis of men versus women. Nutr Rev 2019; 77:417-429. [PMID: 31222370 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuz006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT The association between dairy product intake and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D) or cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been investigated in several studies, but little attention was given to the role of sex as a moderator of these associations. (In this article, the term "sex" is used to denote the biologically-based differences between males and females.). OBJECTIVE This meta-analysis examines whether dairy consumption has different effects on T2D and CVD in men and women. DATA SOURCES The PubMed database and previous reviews were searched for cohort studies published between 2006 and 2016. DATA EXTRACTION AND ANALYSIS Reported risk ratios (RRs) for T2D/CVD with high versus low dairy intake were extracted. A random-effects model has been used to calculate the pooled RR. A subgroup analysis was conducted to compare the results for men and women. RESULTS The present meta-analysis of 201 studies found that T2D (n = 16 studies) and CVD (n = 13 studies) are inversely associated with dairy intake. Subgroup analysis for sex showed that the association between dairy intake and T2D and between dairy intake and CVD are significant in women (RR for T2D = 0.868; 95%CI, 0.82-0.92; P < 0.001; RR for CVD = 0.837; 95%CI, 0.75-0.93; P < 0.001) but not in men. CONCLUSIONS There is an inverse association between high dairy intake and the risk of developing T2D and CVD in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moshe Mishali
- School of Public Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | | | | | - Yehuda Shoenfeld
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
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Faraji H, Jamshidi S, Beigrezaei S, Askari G. Dietary Intake of Vitamin D and Its Relation with Blood Pressure in the Elderly Population. Int J Prev Med 2019; 10:40. [PMID: 31057725 PMCID: PMC6484509 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_18_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Population studies have demonstrated that there is an inverse association between dietary intake of vitamin D and the mean blood pressure in elderly in particular. So, we investigated the correlation between vitamin D intake and the mean blood pressure in the elderly with and without nursing care. Methods Based on a cross-sectional design, this study was conducted on 152 old people with and without nursing care. Assessment of the dietary intake of nutrients was done by an expert dietitian using food frequency questionnaire and nutritionist IV software analyzer. Also, the mean blood pressure was extracted from participants' files. The independent samplet-test, Chi-square test, and partial correlation test were used for data analysis. Results Mean ± SD age, weight, height, body mass index (BMI) of participants, and the percentage of male/females were 68.7 ± 5.5 years, 63.5 ± 7.9 kg, 162.5 ± 7.1 cm, 24.1 ± 3.4 kg/m2 and 48.7/51.3, respectively. Also, a significant negative relationship was observed between vitamin D intake and systolic blood pressure in all participants (P value = 0.028, r = -0.179). There was no significant correlation between vitamin D intake and diastolic blood pressure (P value = 0.558, r = -0.048). Conclusions The findings revealed that the nursing care can improve dietary intake of vitamin D in the elderly population. Also, a negative correlation was found between vitamin D intake and systolic blood pressure among all the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Faraji
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sanaz Jamshidi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sara Beigrezaei
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Askari
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Dietary Calcium Intake and Hypertension: Importance of Serum Concentrations of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11040911. [PMID: 31018617 PMCID: PMC6521038 DOI: 10.3390/nu11040911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship among dietary calcium, hypertension and vitamin D status currently remains unclear. This population-based cross-sectional study examined the association between dietary calcium intake and hypertension and the influence of serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] in Japanese subjects. A total of 619 subjects aged from 40 years were recruited. Dietary intake was measured using a validated brief self-administered diet history questionnaire. Hypertension was defined as the use of antihypertensive medication or a blood pressure of 140/90 mmHg. Serum concentrations of 25(OH)D were used as the biomarker of vitamin D status. The prevalence of hypertension and low serum 25(OH)D levels (<20 ng/mL) were 55 and 32%, respectively. Dietary calcium intake inversely correlated with hypertension in subjects with serum 25(OH)D levels higher than 20 ng/mL (OR: 0.995; 95% CI: 0.991, 0.999) but it was not significant in those with serum 25(OH)D levels of 20 ng/mL or lower. Furthermore, dietary vitamin D intake correlated with serum concentrations of 25(OH)D after adjustments for various confounding factors. The present results demonstrate that the regular consumption of calcium may contribute to the prevention and treatment of hypertension in subjects with a non-vitamin D deficiency and also that dietary vitamin D intake may effectively prevents this deficiency.
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Association of abnormal serum electrolyte levels with hypertension in a population with high salt intake. Public Health Nutr 2019; 22:1635-1645. [DOI: 10.1017/s1368980019000260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AbstractObjectiveThe present epidemiological study aimed to evaluate the association of serum electrolyte levels with hypertension in a population with a high-salt diet.DesignSecondary analysis of epidemiology data from the Northeast China Rural Cardiovascular Health Study conducted in 2012–2013. Blood pressure and hypertension status were analysed for association with serum sodium, potassium, chloride, total calcium, phosphate and magnesium levels using regression models.SettingHigh-salt diet, rural China.ParticipantsAdult residents in Liaoning, China.ResultsIn total 10 555 participants were included, of whom 3287 had incident hypertension (IH) and 1655 had previously diagnosed hypertension (PDH). Fifty-six per cent of participants had electrolyte disturbance. Sixty-two per cent of hypercalcaemic participants had hypertension, followed by hypokalaemia (56 %) and hypernatraemia (54 %). Only hypercalcaemia showed significant associations with both IH (OR=1·70) and PDH (OR=2·25). Highest serum calcium quartile had higher odds of IH (OR=1·58) and PDH (OR=1·64) than the lowest quartile. Serum sodium had no significant correlation with hypertension. Serum potassium had a U-shaped trend with PDH. Highest chloride quartile had lower odds of PDH than the lowest chloride quartile (OR=0·65). Highest phosphate quartile was only associated with lower odds of IH (OR=0·75), and the higher magnesium group had significantly lower odds of IH (OR=0·86) and PDH (OR=0·77).ConclusionsWe have shown the association of serum calcium, magnesium and chloride levels with IH and/or PDH. In the clinical setting, patients with IH may have concurrent electrolyte disturbances, such as hypercalcaemia, that may indicate other underlying aetiologies.
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Roy SJ, Lapierre SS, Baker BD, Delfausse LA, Machin DR, Tanaka H. High dietary intake of whole milk and full-fat dairy products does not exert hypotensive effects in adults with elevated blood pressure. Nutr Res 2019; 64:72-81. [PMID: 30802725 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Regular consumption of low- and nonfat dairy products reduces blood pressure (BP) in adults with elevated BP. Currently, it is unknown if conventional full-fat dairy products exert similar hypotensive effects. We hypothesized that adding full-fat dairy products to the normal routine diet would reduce seated office and ambulatory BP (primary outcome) in adults with elevated BP when compared with a no dairy control. Using a randomized controlled crossover design, 60 adults with elevated systolic BP (systolic/diastolic BP: 120-159/<99 mm Hg) participated in a 4-week high-dairy (4 servings a day of full-fat dairy products + regular diet) and a 4-week no-dairy condition (plant-based food items + regular diet) separated by a 2-week washout period. Data were analyzed based on time, condition, and sex. Seated office systolic BP did not change significantly in either condition. There were no changes in systolic BP in male or female participants across either dietary period. Ambulatory (24-hour) systolic BP did not change significantly in the high-dairy (133 ± 2 vs 131 ± 1 mm Hg) or no-dairy conditions (132 ± 2 vs 131 ± 1 mm Hg). No significant changes were observed for diastolic BP or pulse pressure during condition for office or ambulatory measures. The solitary addition of full-fat dairy products to the normal routine diet does not exert hypotensive effects in adults with elevated BP when compared to the no-dairy control.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Roy
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, 2109 San Jacinto Blvd, D3700, Austin, TX
| | - S S Lapierre
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, 2109 San Jacinto Blvd, D3700, Austin, TX
| | - B D Baker
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, 2109 San Jacinto Blvd, D3700, Austin, TX
| | - L A Delfausse
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, 2109 San Jacinto Blvd, D3700, Austin, TX
| | - D R Machin
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, 2109 San Jacinto Blvd, D3700, Austin, TX
| | - H Tanaka
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, 2109 San Jacinto Blvd, D3700, Austin, TX.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Do dietary fats lower blood pressure? This review covers total fats, individual fatty acids and foods that provide specific fats. RECENT FINDINGS Evidence for blood pressure lowering is stronger for supplements providing individual marine fatty acids than for fish intake since data on fish consumption are scarce. Such effects are more readily apparent in hypertensive than normal subjects. Biological mechanisms to support linkage between dietary fish oils and blood pressure are plausible. Information on other dietary fatty acids (saturates, linoleic acid, alpha-linolenic acid) is mostly less robust and therefore inconclusive. However, findings with respect to consumption of dairy foods especially of the low-fat variety do suggest association with lower blood pressures. Apart from marine fatty acids which have mostly been significantly associated with clinically modest blood pressure-lowering, the effects of other dietary fatty acids are inconsistent or clinically minor. Consumption of dairy especially of yoghurt has been linked with lower blood pressure despite the relatively high saturated fat content but the mechanism is unclear.
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Mazidi M, Mikhailidis DP, Sattar N, Howard G, Graham I, Banach M. Consumption of dairy product and its association with total and cause specific mortality - A population-based cohort study and meta-analysis. Clin Nutr 2018; 38:2833-2845. [PMID: 30595374 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intake of dairy products has been thought to be associated with an increased risk of coronary heart diseases (CHD) and total mortality due to its relatively high content of saturated fat. However, reports on this association particularly among US adults are conflicting and controversial. Therefore, we used data from the 1999-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) study to examine whether consumption of total dairy and dairy subgroups was associated with total and cause specific (CHD, cerebrovascular and cancer) mortality. Further we carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies to check for consistency with the NHANES findings. METHODS In the NHANES cohort vital status through December 31, 2011 was ascertained. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to relate baseline dairy intake with all-cause and cause-specific mortality. For the systematic review PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases were searched (up to December 2017). The DerSimonian-Laird method and generic inverse variance methods were used for quantitative data synthesis. RESULTS In the NHANES data set of 24,474 participants, 3520 deaths occurred during follow-up. In multivariate adjusted Cox models, total mortality risk was lower when comparing the top (Q4) with the lower (Q1) quartiles of total dairy (hazard ratio [HR] 0.98, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.95-0.99) and cheese (HR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.87-0.97) consumption. Using a similar model, we have found a negative association between total dairy and milk consumption with risk of cerebrovascular mortality (HR: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.94-0.98, HR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.91-0.96, respectively), while milk consumption was associated with increased CHD mortality (HR: 1.04, 95% CI: 1.02-1.06). The meta-analysis with 636,726 participants indicated a significant inverse association between fermented dairy products and total mortality (RR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.96-0.99), while milk consumption was associated with higher CHD mortality (RR: 1.04, 95% CI: 1.01-1.05). These findings were robust in sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS Among American adults, higher total dairy consumption was associated with lower total and cerebrovascular mortality, while higher milk consumption was associated with higher risk of CHD. These findings do not support dogmatic public health advice to reduce total dairy fat consumption, although the association between milk consumption and CHD mortality requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Mazidi
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Dimitri P Mikhailidis
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Campus, University College London Medical School, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - Naveed Sattar
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - George Howard
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | | | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, Chair of Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Poland; Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland; Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland.
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46
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Walters ME, Esfandi R, Tsopmo A. Potential of Food Hydrolyzed Proteins and Peptides to Chelate Iron or Calcium and Enhance their Absorption. Foods 2018; 7:E172. [PMID: 30347663 PMCID: PMC6210708 DOI: 10.3390/foods7100172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron and calcium are two essential micronutrients that have strong effects on nutrition and human health because of their involvement in several biological and redox processes. Iron is responsible for electron and oxygen transport, cell respiration, and gene expression, whereas calcium is responsible for intracellular metabolism, muscle contraction, cardiac function, and cell proliferation. The bioavailability of these nutrients in the body is dependent on enhancers and inhibitors, some of which are found in consumed foods. Hydrolyzed proteins and peptides from food proteins can bind these essential minerals in the body and facilitate their absorption and bioavailability. The binding is also important because excess free iron will increase oxidative stress and the risks of developing chronic diseases. This paper provides an overview of the function of calcium and iron, and strategies to enhance their absorption with an emphasis on hydrolyzed proteins and peptides from foods. It also discusses the relationship between the structure of peptides and their potential to act as transition metal ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallory E Walters
- Food Science and Nutrition Program, Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.
| | - Ramak Esfandi
- Food Science and Nutrition Program, Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.
| | - Apollinaire Tsopmo
- Food Science and Nutrition Program, Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.
- Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton Unive6rsity, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.
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47
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Aljuraiban GS, Stamler J, Chan Q, Horn LV, Daviglus ML, Elliott P, Oude Griep LM. Relations between dairy product intake and blood pressure: the INTERnational study on MAcro/micronutrients and blood Pressure. J Hypertens 2018; 36:2049-2058. [PMID: 29927842 PMCID: PMC6591711 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000001779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiologic evidence suggests that low-fat dairy consumption may lower risk of hypertension. Dairy products may be distinctly linked to health, because of differences in nutritional composition, but little is known about specific nutrients that contribute to the dairy-blood pressure (BP) association, nor to underlying kidney function. METHODS We examined cross-sectional associations to BP of dairy product intakes, total and by type, from the INTERnational study on MAcro/micronutrients and blood Pressure (INTERMAP) including 2694 participants aged 40-59 years from the UK and the USA. Eight BP, four 24-h dietary recalls and two 24-h urine samples were collected during four visits. Linear regression models adjusted for lifestyle/dietary factors to estimate BP differences per 2SD higher intakes of total-and-individual-types of dairy were calculated. RESULTS Multivariable linear regression coefficients were estimated and pooled. In contrast to total and whole-fat dairy, each 195 g/1000 kcal (2SD) greater low-fat dairy intake was associated with a lower SBP -2.31 mmHg and DBP -2.27 mmHg. Significant associations attenuated with adjustment for dietary phosphorus, calcium, and lactose, but strengthened with urinary calcium adjustment. Stratification by median albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR; high ACR indicates impaired kidney function) showed strong associations between low-fat dairy and BP in participants with low ACR (SBP: -3.66; DBP: -2.15 mmHg), with no association in participants with high ACR. CONCLUSION Low-fat dairy consumption was associated with lower BP, especially among participants with low ACR. Dairy-rich nutrients including phosphorus and calcium may have contributed to the beneficial associations with BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghadeer S. Aljuraiban
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, UK
| | - Jeremiah Stamler
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Queenie Chan
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, UK
| | - Linda Van Horn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Martha L. Daviglus
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Paul Elliott
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, UK
| | - Linda M. Oude Griep
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, UK
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Caprara G. Diet and longevity: The effects of traditional eating habits on human lifespan extension. MEDITERRANEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2018. [DOI: 10.3233/mnm-180225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Since the dawn of time human beings have been trying to improve the quality of the existence and extend their lifespan. Genetic, environmental, behavioral and dietary factors influence the pathways that regulate aging and life expectancy, thus rendering longevity a very complex phenomenon. Although a long-lived elixir has not yet been found, physicians and scientists agree that nutrition has a major impact on the overall mortality and morbidity, hence becoming the subject of a widespread scientific research. This review describes, analyzes and compares the effects of different types of diets in reducing the onset of typical Western countries non-communicable diseases (NCDs) (cardiovascular diseases, tumors, chronic respiratory diseases, diabetes, etc.), thus increasing the average lifespan. It will first depict the most relevant characteristics, nutraceutical properties and effects on the populations of the Mediterranean, Japanese, Vegetarian and New Nordic Diet. Finally, it will describe the impact of different dietary restrictions in modulating the genetic pathways that regulate metabolism and aging. Overall, this work reinforces the evidence that specific eating habits, in addition to healthy and active lifestyles, are crucial to increase people’s health span and to achieve an optimal longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Caprara
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
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Rokni H, Moohebati M, Saberi-Karimian M, Mirhafez SR, Ghazizadeh H, Laal-Vazifeh A, Shekari M, Movahhedianfar F, Mazidi M, Bonakdaran S, Ferns GA, Ghayour-Mobarhan M. A study of difference in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in patients with angiographically-defined coronary disease and healthy subjects. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2018; 12:683-687. [PMID: 29680517 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the most important causes of death in developing countries. The current study evaluates the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), phosphate and calcium levels in patients with angiographically-defined coronary artery disease (CAD) and healthy subjects in a sample population in northeastern Iran. METHODS There were 566 subjects aged between 20-80 years out of whom283 subjects with CAD were divided into two study groups based on their angiogram results; those with > 50% stenosis of one or more coronary arteries and those with ≤ 50% stenosis. Serum 25OHD levels and anthropometric parameters were measured for all subjects. RESULTS There were approximately 53% (n = 303) males and 47% (n = 269) females in the population sample. We found that crude serum 25OHD concentrations were significantly higher in both the Angio- (21.6 ± 11.8 ng/ml) and Angio+ (21.3 ± 10.2 ng/ml) groups compared to the control subjects (16.4 ± 9.5 ng/ml) (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION The findings show that 25OHD state could be a risk factor for CAD, although this would need to be explored further, taking the potential confounding effects of diet into account in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haleh Rokni
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohsen Moohebati
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Saberi-Karimian
- Student Research Committee, Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Reza Mirhafez
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran; Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, School Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamideh Ghazizadeh
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, School Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Atieh Laal-Vazifeh
- Student Research Committee, Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Shekari
- Student Research Committee, Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Faezeh Movahhedianfar
- Student Research Committee, Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohsen Mazidi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shokoufeh Bonakdaran
- Endocrine Research Center, Ghaem Hospital, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex BN1 9PH, UK
| | - Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Askari A, Jeihooni AK, Kashfi SM, Marzban A, Khiyali Z. The Effect of Educational Program Based on Belief, Attitude, Subjective Norm, and Enabling Factors Model on Changing the Metabolic Indices in Elderly Patients with Type II Diabetes. Int J Prev Med 2018; 9:74. [PMID: 30210739 PMCID: PMC6124220 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_308_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes is the most common disease related to metabolism disorders. Today, diabetes in the elderly is one of the major epidemics of the century. This study aimed to investigate the effect of nutrition and jogging-based Belief, Attitude, Subjective Norm, and Enabling Factors (BASNEF) model in changes in metabolic parameters that performed in elderly patients with type II diabetes in Fasa city. METHODS This study was a randomized clinical trial on 108 elderly patients with type II diabetes (54 patients in the experimental group and 54 in control group) referred to the diabetes center in Fasa City, Fars Province, Iran, in 2016. Data were collected using a valid self-reported questionnaire including demographic variables and BASNEF Model (knowledge, attitudes, subjective norms, and enabling factors), checklist for patient's practices nutrition and jogging based on self-reporting patients, assess the level of fasting blood sugar (FBS), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides (TG), and HbAlc patients which was completed by both groups before and 3 months after the intervention. The experimental group received the training in eight sessions; each session lasted for 70 min. Then, the data were entered into the SPSS 22 software (SPSS Inc., IBM, Chicago, IL, USA) and were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, independent t-test, and paired t-test. P <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. RESULTS The results showed that the mean scores of the BASNEF components (knowledge, attitudes, subjective norms, and enabling factors) in two experimental and control groups after intervention were a significant difference. After training program, nutritional and jogging performance in the experimental group was better than the control group. Furthermore, FBS (P < 0.001), LDL (P < 0.001), HDL (P < 0.001), TG (P < 0.001), and HbAlc (P < 0.001) improved significantly in the experimental group compared to the control group. CONCLUSIONS Plan and implement nutrition and jogging education using the BASNEF model to improve metabolic parameters in diabetic patients are very effective and beneficial. Moreover, in the implementation of these programs, control, monitoring, and follow-up educational are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Askari
- Department of Orthopedic, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Khani Jeihooni
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Seyyed Mansour Kashfi
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Atefeh Marzban
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Zahra Khiyali
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
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