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Mehrjoo Y, Campeau PM, Al Abdi L, Aldowaish A, Abouyousef O, Alkuraya FS, Codina-Solà M, Cueto-González AM, Wurtele H. Functional studies in yeast confirm the pathogenicity of a new GINS3 Meier-Gorlin syndrome variant. Clin Genet 2024; 106:342-346. [PMID: 38773883 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Meier-Gorlin syndrome (MGORS) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by short stature, microtia, and patellar hypoplasia, and is caused by pathogenic variants of cellular factors involved in the initiation of DNA replication. We previously reported that biallelic variants in GINS3 leading to amino acid changes at position 24 (p.Asp24) cause MGORS. Here, we describe the phenotype of a new individual homozygous for the Asp24Asn variant. We also report the clinical characteristics of an individual harboring a novel homozygous GINS3 variant (Ile25Phe) and features suggestive of MGORS. Modification of the corresponding residue in yeast Psf3 (Val9Phe) compromised S phase progression compared to a humanized Psf3 Val9Ile variant. Expression of Psf3 Val9Phe in yeast also caused sensitivity to elevated temperature and the replicative stress-inducing drug hydroxyurea, confirming partial loss of function of this variant in vivo and allowing us to upgrade the classification of this variant. Taken together, these data validate the critical importance of the GINS DNA replication complex in the molecular etiology of MGORS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosra Mehrjoo
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Molecular Biology Program, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Philippe M Campeau
- CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Lama Al Abdi
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Aldowaish
- Department of Pediatrics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar Abouyousef
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fowzan S Alkuraya
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marta Codina-Solà
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Genetics, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Medicine Genetics Group, Vall Hebron Research Institute, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna M Cueto-González
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Genetics, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Medicine Genetics Group, Vall Hebron Research Institute, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hugo Wurtele
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
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2
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Guilz NC, Ahn YO, Fatima H, Pedroza LA, Seo S, Soni RK, Wang N, Egli D, Mace EM. Replication Stress in Activated Human NK Cells Induces Sensitivity to Apoptosis. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 213:40-51. [PMID: 38809096 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
NK cells are innate immune effectors that kill virally infected or malignant cells. NK cell deficiency (NKD) occurs when NK cell development or function is impaired and variants in MCM4, GINS1, MCM10, and GINS4 result in NKD. Although NK cells are strongly impacted by mutational deficiencies in helicase proteins, the mechanisms underlying this specific susceptibility are poorly understood. In this study, we induced replication stress in activated NK cells or T cells by chemical and genetic methods. We found that the CD56bright subset of NK cells accumulates more DNA damage and replication stress during activation than do CD56dim NK cells or T cells. Aphidicolin treatment increases apoptosis of CD56bright NK cells through increased pan-caspase expression and decreases perforin expression in surviving cells. These findings show that sensitivity to replication stress affects NK cell survival and function and contributes to NKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole C Guilz
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
| | - Yong-Oon Ahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
| | - Hijab Fatima
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
| | - Luis Alberto Pedroza
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
| | - Seungmae Seo
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
| | - Rajesh Kumar Soni
- Proteomics and Macromolecular Crystallography Shared Resource, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Ning Wang
- Pediatrics and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
| | - Dieter Egli
- Pediatrics and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
| | - Emily M Mace
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
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3
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Ren Z, Zhang S, Shi L, Zhou A, Lin X, Zhang J, Zhu X, Huang L, Li K. Integrated ATAC-seq and RNA-seq Analysis of In Vitro Cultured Skeletal Muscle Satellite Cells to Understand Changes in Cell Proliferation. Cells 2024; 13:1031. [PMID: 38920660 PMCID: PMC11201436 DOI: 10.3390/cells13121031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle satellite cells, the resident stem cells in pig skeletal muscle, undergo proliferation and differentiation to enable muscle tissue repair. The proliferative and differentiative abilities of these cells gradually decrease during in vitro cultivation as the cell passage number increases. Despite extensive research, the precise molecular mechanisms that regulate this process are not fully understood. To bridge this knowledge gap, we conducted transcriptomic analysis of skeletal muscle satellite cells during in vitro cultivation to quantify passage number-dependent changes in the expression of genes associated with proliferation. Additionally, we explored the relationships between gene transcriptional activity and chromatin accessibility using transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing. This revealed the closure of numerous open chromatin regions, which were primarily located in intergenic regions, as the cell passage number increased. Integrated analysis of the transcriptomic and epigenomic data demonstrated a weak correlation between gene transcriptional activity and chromatin openness in expressed genic regions; although some genes (e.g., GNB4 and FGD5) showed consistent relationships between gene expression and chromatin openness, a substantial number of differentially expressed genes had no clear association with chromatin openness in expressed genic regions. The p53-p21-RB signaling pathway may play a critical regulatory role in cell proliferation processes. The combined transcriptomic and epigenomic approach taken here provided key insights into changes in gene expression and chromatin openness during in vitro cultivation of skeletal muscle satellite cells. These findings enhance our understanding of the intricate mechanisms underlying the decline in cellular proliferation capacity in cultured cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Ren
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Laboratory of Genetic Breeding, Reproduction and Precision Livestock Farming, Hubei Provincial Center of Technology Innovation for Domestic Animal Breeding, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (Z.R.); (S.Z.); (L.S.); (A.Z.)
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics of MARA, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China;
| | - Siyi Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Laboratory of Genetic Breeding, Reproduction and Precision Livestock Farming, Hubei Provincial Center of Technology Innovation for Domestic Animal Breeding, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (Z.R.); (S.Z.); (L.S.); (A.Z.)
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics of MARA, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China;
| | - Liangyu Shi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Laboratory of Genetic Breeding, Reproduction and Precision Livestock Farming, Hubei Provincial Center of Technology Innovation for Domestic Animal Breeding, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (Z.R.); (S.Z.); (L.S.); (A.Z.)
| | - Ao Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Laboratory of Genetic Breeding, Reproduction and Precision Livestock Farming, Hubei Provincial Center of Technology Innovation for Domestic Animal Breeding, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (Z.R.); (S.Z.); (L.S.); (A.Z.)
| | - Xin Lin
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300392, China;
| | - Jing Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Laboratory of Genetic Breeding, Reproduction and Precision Livestock Farming, Hubei Provincial Center of Technology Innovation for Domestic Animal Breeding, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (Z.R.); (S.Z.); (L.S.); (A.Z.)
| | - Xiusheng Zhu
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics of MARA, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China;
| | - Lei Huang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics of MARA, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China;
| | - Kui Li
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics of MARA, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China;
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4
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Willemsen M, De Visscher A, Filtjens J, Meyts I, Matthys P, Humblet-Baron S, Liston A. An Immature NK Cell Compartment in Functional DBF4 Deficiency. J Clin Immunol 2024; 44:146. [PMID: 38850431 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-024-01750-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathijs Willemsen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, KU Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Amber De Visscher
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Jessica Filtjens
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Meyts
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory for Inborn Errors of Immunity, KU Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Primary Immunodeficiencies, University Hospitals Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
- ERN-RITA Core Center Member, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Patrick Matthys
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Louvain, Belgium.
| | - Stephanie Humblet-Baron
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, KU Leuven, Louvain, Belgium.
| | - Adrian Liston
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, KU Leuven, Louvain, Belgium.
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, Louvain, Belgium.
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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5
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Liang J, Yao N, Deng B, Li J, Jiang Y, Liu T, Hu Y, Cao M, Hong J. GINS1 promotes ZEB1-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition and tumor metastasis via β-catenin signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Cell Physiol 2024; 239:e31237. [PMID: 38468464 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
GINS1 regulates DNA replication in the initiation and elongation phases and plays an important role in the progression of various malignant tumors. However, the role of GINS1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains largely unclear. In this study, we investigated the role and underlying mechanisms of GINS1 in contributing to HCC metastasis. We found that GINS1 was significantly upregulated in HCC tissues and cell lines, especially in HCC tissues with vascular invasion and HCC cell lines with highly metastatic properties. Additionally, high expression of GINS1 was positively correlated with the progressive clinical features of HCC patients, including tumor number (multiple), tumor size (>5 cm), advanced tumor stage, vascular invasion and early recurrence, suggesting that GINS1 upregulation was greatly involved in HCC metastasis. Moreover, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that high GINS1 expression predicted a poor prognosis. Both in vitro and in vivo, silencing of GINS1 inhibited proliferation, migration, invasion and metastasis, while overexpression of GINS1 induced opposite effects. Mechanistically, we found that ZEB1 was a crucial regulator of GINS1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and GINS1 promoted EMT and tumor metastasis through β-catenin signaling. Overall, the present study demonstrated that GINS1 promoted ZEB1-mediated EMT and tumor metastasis via β-catenin signaling in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nan Yao
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Deng
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Shunde Hospital, Jinan University, Foshan, China
| | - Jinying Li
- Department of Digestive Endoscopy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuchuan Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tongzheng Liu
- College of Pharmacy/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Youzhu Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Shunde Hospital, Jinan University, Foshan, China
| | - Mingrong Cao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Hong
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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6
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Li JH, Zhou A, Lee CD, Shah SN, Ji JH, Senthilkumar V, Padilla ET, Ball AB, Feng Q, Bustillos CG, Riggan L, Greige A, Divakaruni AS, Annese F, Cooley Coleman JA, Skinner SA, Cowan CW, O'Sullivan TE. MEF2C regulates NK cell effector functions through control of lipid metabolism. Nat Immunol 2024; 25:778-789. [PMID: 38589619 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-024-01811-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are a critical first line of defense against viral infection. Rare mutations in a small subset of transcription factors can result in decreased NK cell numbers and function in humans, with an associated increased susceptibility to viral infection. However, our understanding of the specific transcription factors governing mature human NK cell function is limited. Here we use a non-viral CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screen targeting genes encoding 31 transcription factors differentially expressed during human NK cell development. We identify myocyte enhancer factor 2C (MEF2C) as a master regulator of human NK cell functionality ex vivo. MEF2C-haploinsufficient patients and mice displayed defects in NK cell development and effector function, with an increased susceptibility to viral infection. Mechanistically, MEF2C was required for an interleukin (IL)-2- and IL-15-mediated increase in lipid content through regulation of sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) pathways. Supplementation with oleic acid restored MEF2C-deficient and MEF2C-haploinsufficient patient NK cell cytotoxic function. Therefore, MEF2C is a critical orchestrator of NK cell antiviral immunity by regulating SREBP-mediated lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joey H Li
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Adalia Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Cassidy D Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Siya N Shah
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jeong Hyun Ji
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Vignesh Senthilkumar
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Eddie T Padilla
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andréa B Ball
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Qinyan Feng
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christian G Bustillos
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Luke Riggan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alain Greige
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Ajit S Divakaruni
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Fran Annese
- Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, SC, USA
| | | | | | - Christopher W Cowan
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Timothy E O'Sullivan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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7
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Piersma SJ. Tissue-specific features of innate lymphoid cells in antiviral defense. Cell Mol Immunol 2024:10.1038/s41423-024-01161-x. [PMID: 38684766 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-024-01161-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphocytes (ILCs) rapidly respond to and protect against invading pathogens and cancer. ILCs include natural killer (NK) cells, ILC1s, ILC2s, ILC3s, and lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi) cells and include type I, type II, and type III immune cells. While NK cells have been well recognized for their role in antiviral immunity, other ILC subtypes are emerging as players in antiviral defense. Each ILC subset has specialized functions that uniquely impact the antiviral immunity and health of the host depending on the tissue microenvironment. This review focuses on the specialized functions of each ILC subtype and their roles in antiviral immune responses across tissues. Several viruses within infection-prone tissues will be highlighted to provide an overview of the extent of the ILC immunity within tissues and emphasize common versus virus-specific responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sytse J Piersma
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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8
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Stewart GS. DONSON: Slding in 2 the limelight. DNA Repair (Amst) 2024; 134:103616. [PMID: 38159447 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2023.103616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
For over a decade, it has been known that yeast Sld2, Dpb11, GINS and Polε form the pre-loading complex (pre-LC), which is recruited to a CDC45-bound MCM2-7 complex by the Sld3/Sld7 heterodimer in a phospho-dependent manner. Whilst functional orthologs of Dbp11 (TOPBP1), Sld3 (TICRR) and Sld7 (MTBP) have been identified in metazoans, controversy has surrounded the identity of the Sld2 ortholog. It was originally proposed that the RECQ helicase, RECQL4, which is mutated in Rothmund-Thomson syndrome, represented the closest vertebrate ortholog of Sld2 due to a small region of sequence homology at its N-Terminus. However, there is no clear evidence that RECQL4 is required for CMG loading. Recently, new findings suggest that the functional ortholog of Sld2 is actually DONSON, a replication fork stability factor mutated in a range of neurodevelopmental disorders characterised by microcephaly, short stature and limb abnormalities. These studies show that DONSON forms a complex with TOPBP1, GINS and Polε analogous to the pre-LC in yeast, which is required to position the GINS complex on the MCM complex and initiate DNA replication. Taken together with previously published functions for DONSON, these observations indicate that DONSON plays two roles in regulating DNA replication, one in promoting replication initiation and one in stabilising the fork during elongation. Combined, these findings may help to uncover why DONSON mutations are associated with such a wide range of clinical deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant S Stewart
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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9
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Thomsen MM, Skouboe MK, Møhlenberg M, Zhao J, de Keukeleere K, Heinz JL, Werner M, Hollensen AK, Lønskov J, Nielsen I, Carter-Timofte ME, Zhang B, Mikkelsen JG, Fisker N, Paludan SR, Assing K, Mogensen TH. Impaired STING Activation Due to a Variant in the E3 Ubiquitin Ligase AMFR in a Patient with Severe VZV Infection and Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis. J Clin Immunol 2024; 44:56. [PMID: 38277122 PMCID: PMC10817851 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-024-01653-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Varicella zoster virus (VZV) is a neurotropic alphaherpesvirus exclusively infecting humans, causing two distinct pathologies: varicella (chickenpox) upon primary infection and herpes zoster (shingles) following reactivation. In susceptible individuals, VZV can give rise to more severe clinical manifestations, including disseminated infection, pneumonitis, encephalitis, and vasculopathy with stroke. Here, we describe a 3-year-old boy in whom varicella followed a complicated course with thrombocytopenia, hemorrhagic and necrotic lesions, pneumonitis, and intermittent encephalopathy. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) was strongly suspected and as the condition deteriorated, HLH therapy was initiated. Although the clinical condition improved, longstanding hemophagocytosis followed despite therapy. We found that the patient carries a rare monoallelic variant in autocrine motility factor receptor (AMFR), encoding a ubiquitin ligase involved in innate cytosolic DNA sensing and interferon (IFN) production through the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of IFN genes (cGAS-STING) pathway. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from the patient exhibited impaired signaling downstream of STING in response dsDNA and 2'3'-cGAMP, agonists of cGAS and STING, respectively, and fibroblasts from the patient showed impaired type I IFN responses and significantly increased VZV replication. Overexpression of the variant AMFR R594C resulted in decreased K27-linked STING ubiquitination compared to WT AMFR. Moreover, ImageStream technology revealed reduced STING trafficking from ER to Golgi in cells expressing the patient AMFR R594C variant. This was supported by a dose-dependent dominant negative effect of expression of the patient AMFR variant as measured by IFN-β reporter gene assay. Finally, lentiviral transduction with WT AMFR partially reconstituted 2'3'-cGAMP-induced STING-mediated signaling and ISG expression in patient PBMCs. This work links defective AMFR-STING signaling to severe VZV disease and hyperinflammation and suggests a direct role for cGAS-STING in the control of viral infections in humans. In conclusion, we describe a novel genetic etiology of severe VZV disease in childhood, also representing the first inborn error of immunity related to a defect in the cGAS-STING pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Mølgaard Thomsen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens, Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Morten Kelder Skouboe
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens, Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Michelle Møhlenberg
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens, Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jian Zhao
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kerstin de Keukeleere
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens, Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Johanna Laura Heinz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens, Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marvin Werner
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens, Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anne Kruse Hollensen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens, Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jonas Lønskov
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens, Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ian Nielsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Baocun Zhang
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Niels Fisker
- Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Søren R Paludan
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kristian Assing
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Trine H Mogensen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens, Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus, Denmark.
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
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10
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Letafati A, Ardekani OS, Naderisemiromi M, Norouzi M, Shafiei M, Nik S, Mozhgani SH. Unraveling the dynamic mechanisms of natural killer cells in viral infections: insights and implications. Virol J 2024; 21:18. [PMID: 38216935 PMCID: PMC10785350 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-024-02287-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Viruses pose a constant threat to human well-being, necessitating the immune system to develop robust defenses. Natural killer (NK) cells, which play a crucial role in the immune system, have become recognized as vital participants in protecting the body against viral infections. These remarkable innate immune cells possess the unique ability to directly recognize and eliminate infected cells, thereby contributing to the early control and containment of viral pathogens. However, recent research has uncovered an intriguing phenomenon: the alteration of NK cells during viral infections. In addition to their well-established role in antiviral defense, NK cells undergo dynamic changes in their phenotype, function, and regulatory mechanisms upon encountering viral pathogens. These alterations can significantly impact the effectiveness of NK cell responses during viral infections. This review explores the multifaceted role of NK cells in antiviral immunity, highlighting their conventional effector functions as well as the emerging concept of NK cell alteration in the context of viral infections. Understanding the intricate interplay between NK cells and viral infections is crucial for advancing our knowledge of antiviral immune responses and could offer valuable information for the creation of innovative therapeutic approaches to combat viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Letafati
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Salahi Ardekani
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Naderisemiromi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Mehdi Norouzi
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Soheil Nik
- School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Alborz, Iran
| | - Sayed-Hamidreza Mozhgani
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
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11
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Dobrewa W, Bielska M, Bąbol-Pokora K, Janczar S, Młynarski W. Congenital neutropenia: From lab bench to clinic bedside and back. MUTATION RESEARCH. REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2024; 793:108476. [PMID: 37989463 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2023.108476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Neutropenia is a hematological condition characterized by a decrease in absolute neutrophil count (ANC) in peripheral blood, typically classified in adults as mild (1-1.5 × 109/L), moderate (0.5-1 × 109/L), or severe (< 0.5 × 109/L). It can be categorized into two types: congenital and acquired. Congenital severe chronic neutropenia (SCN) arises from mutations in various genes, with different inheritance patterns, including autosomal recessive, autosomal dominant, and X-linked forms, often linked to mitochondrial diseases. The most common genetic cause is alterations in the ELANE gene. Some cases exist as non-syndromic neutropenia within the SCN spectrum, where genetic origins remain unidentified. The clinical consequences of congenital neutropenia depend on granulocyte levels and dysfunction. Infants with this condition often experience recurrent bacterial infections, with approximately half facing severe infections within their first six months of life. These infections commonly affect the respiratory system, digestive tract, and skin, resulting in symptoms like fever, abscesses, and even sepsis. The severity of these symptoms varies, and the specific organs and systems affected depend on the genetic defect. Congenital neutropenia elevates the risk of developing acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), particularly with certain genetic variants. SCN patients may acquire CSF3R and RUNX1 mutations, which can predict the development of leukemia. It is important to note that high-dose granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) treatment may have the potential to promote leukemogenesis. Treatment for neutropenia involves antibiotics, drugs that boost neutrophil production, or bone marrow transplants. Immediate treatment is essential due to the heightened risk of severe infections. In severe congenital or cyclic neutropenia (CyN), the primary therapy is G-CSF, often combined with antibiotics. The G-CSF dosage is gradually increased to normalize neutrophil counts. Hematopoietic stem cell transplants are considered for non-responders or those at risk of AML/MDS. In cases of WHIM syndrome, CXCR4 inhibitors can be effective. Future treatments may involve gene editing and the use of the diabetes drug empagliflozin to alleviate neutropenia symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Dobrewa
- Department of Pediatrics, Oncology and Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, 36\50 Sporna Str, 91-738 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Marta Bielska
- Department of Pediatrics, Oncology and Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, 36\50 Sporna Str, 91-738 Lodz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Bąbol-Pokora
- Department of Pediatrics, Oncology and Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, 36\50 Sporna Str, 91-738 Lodz, Poland
| | - Szymon Janczar
- Department of Pediatrics, Oncology and Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, 36\50 Sporna Str, 91-738 Lodz, Poland
| | - Wojciech Młynarski
- Department of Pediatrics, Oncology and Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, 36\50 Sporna Str, 91-738 Lodz, Poland.
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12
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Ren X, Shen L, Gao S. Transcription Factor E2F1 Enhances Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Proliferation and Stemness by Activating GINS1. J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol 2024; 43:79-90. [PMID: 37824372 DOI: 10.1615/jenvironpatholtoxicoloncol.2023048594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Present studies report that high expression of GINS complex subunit 1 (GINS1) is notably pertinent to poor survival for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but it remains unclear how GINS1 affects the progression of HCC. This study aims at investigating the mechanism by which GINS1 affects HCC cell proliferation and stemness. We performed bioinformatics analysis for determining GINS1 expression in HCC tissues, as well as the HCC patients' survival rate with different expression levels of GINS1. E2F transcription factor 1 (E2F1) was predicted as the upstream transcription factor of GINS1, and the binding relation between the two was verified by chromatin immunoprecipitation and dual-luciferase reporter assays. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was adopted to evaluate the expression of GINS1 and E2F1. The protein expression levels of GINS1, E2F1, and cell stemness-related genes (SOX-2, NANOG, OCT4, and CD133) were detected by Western blot. Afterward, the proliferative capacity and stemness of HCC tumor cells were determined through colony formation, cell counting kit-8, and sphere formation assays. Our study found the high expression of GINS1 and E2F1 in HCC, and overexpressed GINS1 markedly enhanced the sphere formation and proliferation of HCC cells, while silencing GINS1 led to the opposite results. Besides, E2F1 promoted the transcription of GINS1 by working as an upstream transcription factor. The results of the rescue experiment suggested that overexpressed E2F1 could offset the suppressive effect of GINS1 silencing on HCC cell stemness and proliferation. We demonstrated that the transcription factor E2F1 accelerated cell proliferation and stemness in HCC by activating GINS1 transcription. The results can provide new insight into the GINS1-related regulatory mechanism in HCC, which suggest that it may be an effective way for HCC treatment by targeting the E2F1/GINS1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Ren
- Department of General Surgery, Linping Campus, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 311100, China
| | - Lianqiang Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Linping Campus, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 311100, China
| | - Shan Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Linping Campus, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 311100, China
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13
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Schmit MM, Baxley RM, Wang L, Hinderlie P, Kaufman M, Simon E, Raju A, Miller JS, Bielinsky AK. A critical threshold of MCM10 is required to maintain genome stability during differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells into natural killer cells. Open Biol 2024; 14:230407. [PMID: 38262603 PMCID: PMC10805602 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.230407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cell deficiency (NKD) is a rare disease in which NK cell function is reduced, leaving affected individuals susceptible to repeated viral infections and cancer. Recently, a patient with NKD was identified carrying compound heterozygous variants of MCM10 (minichromosome maintenance protein 10), an essential gene required for DNA replication, that caused a significant decrease in the amount of functional MCM10. NKD in this patient presented as loss of functionally mature late-stage NK cells. To understand how MCM10 deficiency affects NK cell development, we generated MCM10 heterozygous (MCM10+/-) induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines. Analyses of these cell lines demonstrated that MCM10 was haploinsufficient, similar to results in other human cell lines. Reduced levels of MCM10 in mutant iPSCs was associated with impaired clonogenic survival and increased genomic instability, including micronuclei formation and telomere erosion. The severity of these phenotypes correlated with the extent of MCM10 depletion. Significantly, MCM10+/- iPSCs displayed defects in NK cell differentiation, exhibiting reduced yields of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Although MCM10+/- HSCs were able to give rise to lymphoid progenitors, these did not generate mature NK cells. The lack of mature NK cells coincided with telomere erosion, suggesting that NKD caused by these MCM10 variants arose from the accumulation of genomic instability including degradation of chromosome ends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan M. Schmit
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ryan M. Baxley
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Liangjun Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Peter Hinderlie
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Marissa Kaufman
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Emily Simon
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Anjali Raju
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jeffrey S. Miller
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Anja-Katrin Bielinsky
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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14
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Piersma SJ, Bangru S, Yoon J, Liu TW, Yang L, Hsieh CS, Plougastel-Douglas B, Kalsotra A, Yokoyama WM. NK cell expansion requires HuR and mediates control of solid tumors and long-term virus infection. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20231154. [PMID: 37698554 PMCID: PMC10497399 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20231154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes capable of controlling tumors and virus infections through direct lysis and cytokine production. While both T and NK cells expand and accumulate in affected tissues, the role of NK cell expansion in tumor and viral control is not well understood. Here, we show that posttranscriptional regulation by the RNA-binding protein HuR is essential for NK cell expansion without negatively affecting effector functions. HuR-deficient NK cells displayed defects in the metaphase of the cell cycle, including decreased expression and alternative splicing of Ska2, a component of the spindle and kinetochore complex. HuR-dependent NK cell expansion contributed to long-term cytomegalovirus control and facilitated control of subcutaneous tumors but not tumor metastases in two independent tumor models. These results show that posttranscriptional regulation by HuR specifically affects NK cell expansion, which is required for the control of long-term virus infection and solid tumors, but not acute infection or tumor metastases, highlighting fundamental differences with antigen-specific T cell control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sytse J. Piersma
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sushant Bangru
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Jeesang Yoon
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tom W. Liu
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Liping Yang
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Chyi-Song Hsieh
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Beatrice Plougastel-Douglas
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Auinash Kalsotra
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Wayne M. Yokoyama
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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15
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Hou S, Zhang J, Chi X, Li X, Zhang Q, Kang C, Shan H. Roles of DSCC1 and GINS1 in gastric cancer. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35681. [PMID: 37904396 PMCID: PMC10615490 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric carcinoma is a common malignant tumor originating from gastric mucosal epithelium. However, role of DS-cell cycle-dependent protein 1 (DSCC1) and GINS1 in gastric carcinoma remains unclear. The gastric carcinoma datasets GSE79973 and GSE118916 were downloaded from gene expression omnibus. Multiple datasets were merged and batched. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened and weighted gene co-expression network analysis was performed. Functional enrichment analysis, gene set enrichment analysis and immune infiltration analysis were performed. Construction and analysis of protein-protein interaction Network. Survival analysis and comparative toxicogenomics database were performed. A heat map of gene expression was drawn. Target Scan screen miRNAs regulating DEGs. Two thousand forty-four DEGs were identified. According to gene ontology analysis, in biological process, they were mainly enriched in cell migration, transforming growth factor β receptor signaling pathway, angiogenesis, and steroid metabolism process. In cellular component, they were mainly enriched in extracellular vesicles, basement membrane, endoplasmic reticulum lumen, and extracellular space. In molecular function, they focused on extracellular matrix structural components, protein binding, platelet-derived growth factor binding, and catalytic activity. In Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes, they were mainly enriched in protein digestion and absorption, metabolic pathways, fatty acid degradation, Glycerophospholipid metabolism, ether lipid metabolism. Gene set enrichment analysis showed that DEGs were mainly enriched in transforming growth factor β receptor signaling pathway, steroid metabolism process, basement membrane, endoplasmic reticulum lumen, structural components of extracellular matrix, platelet-derived growth factor binding, Glycerophospholipid metabolism, ether lipid metabolism. The results of immune infiltration analysis showed that expression of T cell CD4 memory resting was lower in the samples of gastric cancer. The core genes (TRIP13, CHEK1, DSCC1, GINS1) are protective factors, their expression shows a downward trend with increase of risk score. Comparative toxicogenomics database analysis showed that TRIP13, CHEK1, DSCC1, GINS1 were related to gastric tumors, gastric diseases, tumors, inflammation, and necrosis. DSCC1 and GINS1 are highly expressed in gastric cancer. Higher expression levels of DSCC1 and GINS1, worse the prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyang Hou
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Xixia Zhuang, Badachu, Shijingshan District, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Xixia Zhuang, Badachu, Shijingshan District, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqian Chi
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Xixia Zhuang, Badachu, Shijingshan District, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Xixia Zhuang, Badachu, Shijingshan District, Beijing, China
| | - Qijun Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Xixia Zhuang, Badachu, Shijingshan District, Beijing, China
| | - Chunbo Kang
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Xixia Zhuang, Badachu, Shijingshan District, Beijing, China
| | - Haifeng Shan
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Xixia Zhuang, Badachu, Shijingshan District, Beijing, China
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16
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Seo S, Patil SL, Ahn YO, Armetta J, Hegewisch-Solloa E, Castillo M, Guilz NC, Patel A, Corneo B, Borowiak M, Gunaratne P, Mace EM. iPSC-based modeling of helicase deficiency reveals impaired cell proliferation and increased apoptosis after NK cell lineage commitment. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.25.559149. [PMID: 37808662 PMCID: PMC10557596 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.25.559149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Cell proliferation is a ubiquitous process required for organismal development and homeostasis. However, individuals with partial loss-of-function variants in DNA replicative helicase components often present with immunodeficiency due to specific loss of natural killer (NK) cells. Such lineage-specific disease phenotypes raise questions on how the proliferation is regulated in cell type-specific manner. We aimed to understand NK cell-specific proliferative dynamics and vulnerability to impaired helicase function using iPSCs from individuals with NK cell deficiency (NKD) due to hereditary compound heterozygous GINS4 variants. We observed and characterized heterogeneous cell populations that arise during the iPSC differentiation along with NK cells. While overall cell proliferation decreased with differentiation, early NK cell precursors showed a short burst of cell proliferation. GINS4 deficiency induced replication stress in these early NK cell precursors, which are poised for apoptosis, and ultimately recapitulate the NKD phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungmae Seo
- Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York NY 10032
| | - Sagar L Patil
- Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York NY 10032
| | - Yong-Oon Ahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York NY 10032
| | - Jacqueline Armetta
- Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York NY 10032
| | - Everardo Hegewisch-Solloa
- Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York NY 10032
| | - Micah Castillo
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA, 77204
| | - Nicole C Guilz
- Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York NY 10032
| | - Achchhe Patel
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA, 10032
| | - Barbara Corneo
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA, 10032
| | - Malgorzata Borowiak
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
| | - Preethi Gunaratne
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA, 77204
| | - Emily M Mace
- Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York NY 10032
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17
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Dmowski M, Makiela-Dzbenska K, Sharma S, Chabes A, Fijalkowska IJ. Impairment of the non-catalytic subunit Dpb2 of DNA Pol ɛ results in increased involvement of Pol δ on the leading strand. DNA Repair (Amst) 2023; 129:103541. [PMID: 37481989 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2023.103541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
The generally accepted model assumes that leading strand synthesis is performed by Pol ε, while lagging-strand synthesis is catalyzed by Pol δ. Pol ε has been shown to target the leading strand by interacting with the CMG helicase [Cdc45 Mcm2-7 GINS(Psf1-3, Sld5)]. Proper functioning of the CMG-Pol ɛ, the helicase-polymerase complex is essential for its progression and the fidelity of DNA replication. Dpb2p, the essential non-catalytic subunit of Pol ε plays a key role in maintaining the correct architecture of the replisome by acting as a link between Pol ε and the CMG complex. Using a temperature-sensitive dpb2-100 mutant previously isolated in our laboratory, and a genetic system which takes advantage of a distinct mutational signature of the Pol δ-L612M variant which allows detection of the involvement of Pol δ in the replication of particular DNA strands we show that in yeast cells with an impaired Dpb2 subunit, the contribution of Pol δ to the replication of the leading strand is significantly increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Dmowski
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5A, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Karolina Makiela-Dzbenska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5A, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sushma Sharma
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Andrei Chabes
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Iwona J Fijalkowska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5A, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
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18
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Vetro A. Comment on: "The expanding genetic and clinical landscape associated with Meier-Gorlin syndrome" by Nielsen-Dandoroff et al. Eur J Hum Genet 2023; 31:853-855. [PMID: 37248383 PMCID: PMC10400570 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-023-01397-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Vetro
- Neuroscience Department, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Viale Pieraccini 24, 50139, Florence, Italy.
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19
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Chen Z, Wang T, Li C, Zhang W, Huang W, Xue J, Wang J, Li S. FOXP1-GINS1 axis promotes DLBCL proliferation and directs doxorubicin resistance. J Cancer 2023; 14:2289-2300. [PMID: 37576391 PMCID: PMC10414051 DOI: 10.7150/jca.85906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
GINS1 is overexpressed in several types of cancers including leukemia and linked to poor outcomes. However, GINS1 remains poorly investigated in DLBCL (diffuse large B-cell lymphoma). This project aimed to explore the expression, functions and regulation of GINS1 in DLBCL. In this study, through analysis of clinical specimens from DLBCL patients, we uncovered that GINS1 was upregulated in DLBCL. By EMSA, ChIP and luciferase reporter assays, it was found that FOXP1 transcriptionally activated GINS1 expression by directly binding to the promoter region of the GINS1 gene. Western blotting and RT-PCR also revealed that GINS1 expression positively correlated with FOXP1 in human DLBCL specimens and cell lines. In an in vivo xenograft lymphoma mouse model, the FOXP1/GINS1 regulatory axis was also validated. Moreover, with CCK8 cell proliferation assays and colony formation assay, elevated GINS1 expression was found to be associated with doxorubicin resistance in lymphoma cells. Our findings showed that the FOXP1-GINS1 axis played a critical role in DLBCL development and doxorubicin resistance, and targeting the FOXP1-GINS1 axis could be a potential therapeutic approach for DLBCL treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenfa Chen
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease in Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease in Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Cui Li
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease in Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease in Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wenbin Huang
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Jun Xue
- Department of Hematology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Jundong Wang
- Department of ultrasound, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Shufeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease in Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
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20
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Willemsen M, Barber JS, Nieuwenhove EV, Staels F, Gerbaux M, Neumann J, Prezzemolo T, Pasciuto E, Lagou V, Boeckx N, Filtjens J, De Visscher A, Matthys P, Schrijvers R, Tousseyn T, O'Driscoll M, Bucciol G, Schlenner S, Meyts I, Humblet-Baron S, Liston A. Homozygous DBF4 mutation as a cause of severe congenital neutropenia. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 152:266-277. [PMID: 36841265 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe congenital neutropenia presents with recurrent infections early in life as a result of arrested granulopoiesis. Multiple genetic defects are known to block granulocyte differentiation; however, a genetic cause remains unknown in approximately 40% of cases. OBJECTIVE We aimed to characterize a patient with severe congenital neutropenia and syndromic features without a genetic diagnosis. METHODS Whole exome sequencing results were validated using flow cytometry, Western blotting, coimmunoprecipitation, quantitative PCR, cell cycle and proliferation analysis of lymphocytes and fibroblasts and granulocytic differentiation of primary CD34+ and HL-60 cells. RESULTS We identified a homozygous missense mutation in DBF4 in a patient with mild extra-uterine growth retardation, facial dysmorphism and severe congenital neutropenia. DBF4 is the regulatory subunit of the CDC7 kinase, together known as DBF4-dependent kinase (DDK), the complex essential for DNA replication initiation. The DBF4 variant demonstrated impaired ability to bind CDC7, resulting in decreased DDK-mediated phosphorylation, defective S-phase entry and progression and impaired differentiation of granulocytes associated with activation of the p53-p21 pathway. The introduction of wild-type DBF4 into patient CD34+ cells rescued the promyelocyte differentiation arrest. CONCLUSION Hypomorphic DBF4 mutation causes autosomal-recessive severe congenital neutropenia with syndromic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathijs Willemsen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Transplantation, Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - John S Barber
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Transplantation, Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Erika Van Nieuwenhove
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Transplantation, Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frederik Staels
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Transplantation, Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Transplantation, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Margaux Gerbaux
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Transplantation, Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Pediatric Department, Academic Children Hospital Queen Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julika Neumann
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Transplantation, Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Teresa Prezzemolo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Transplantation, Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Emanuela Pasciuto
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Transplantation, Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Vasiliki Lagou
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Transplantation, Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nancy Boeckx
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jessica Filtjens
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Transplantation, Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuve, Belgium
| | - Amber De Visscher
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Transplantation, Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuve, Belgium
| | - Patrick Matthys
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Transplantation, Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuve, Belgium
| | - Rik Schrijvers
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Transplantation, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thomas Tousseyn
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mark O'Driscoll
- Human DNA Damage Response Disorders Group, Genome Damage and Stability Centre, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Giorgia Bucciol
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Transplantation, Laboratory for Inborn Errors of Immunity, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Primary Immunodeficiencies, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven
| | - Susan Schlenner
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Transplantation, Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Meyts
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Transplantation, Laboratory for Inborn Errors of Immunity, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Primary Immunodeficiencies, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven.
| | - Stephanie Humblet-Baron
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Transplantation, Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Adrian Liston
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Transplantation, Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium; Immunology Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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21
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Guilz NC, Ahn YO, Seo S, Mace EM. Unwinding the Role of the CMG Helicase in Inborn Errors of Immunity. J Clin Immunol 2023; 43:847-861. [PMID: 36809597 PMCID: PMC10789183 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-023-01437-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Inborn errors of immunity (IEI) are a collection of diseases resulting from genetic causes that impact the immune system through multiple mechanisms. Natural killer cell deficiency (NKD) is one such IEI where natural killer (NK) cells are the main immune lineage affected. Though rare, the deficiency of several genes has been described as underlying causes of NKD, including MCM4, GINS1, MCM10 , and GINS4 , all of which are involved in the eukaryotic CMG helicase. The CMG helicase is made up of C DC45 – M CM – G INS and accessory proteins including MCM10. The CMG helicase plays a critical role in DNA replication by unwinding the double helix and enabling access of polymerases to single-stranded DNA, and thus helicase proteins are active in any proliferating cell. Replication stress, DNA damage, and cell cycle arrest are among the cellular phenotypes attributed to loss of function variants in CMG helicase proteins. Despite the ubiquitous function of the CMG helicase, NK cells have an apparent susceptibility to the deficiency of helicase proteins. This review will examine the role of the CMG helicase in inborn errors of immunity through the lens of NKD and further discuss why natural killer cells can be so strongly affected by helicase deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole C Guilz
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 W 168th St., New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Yong-Oon Ahn
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 W 168th St., New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Seungmae Seo
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 W 168th St., New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Emily M Mace
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 W 168th St., New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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22
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Smits DJ, Schot R, Popescu CA, Dias KR, Ades L, Briere LC, Sweetser DA, Kushima I, Aleksic B, Khan S, Karageorgou V, Ordonez N, Sleutels FJGT, van der Kaay DCM, Van Mol C, Van Esch H, Bertoli-Avella AM, Roscioli T, Mancini GMS. De novo MCM6 variants in neurodevelopmental disorders: a recognizable phenotype related to zinc binding residues. Hum Genet 2023:10.1007/s00439-023-02569-7. [PMID: 37198333 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-023-02569-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The minichromosome maintenance (MCM) complex acts as a DNA helicase during DNA replication, and thereby regulates cell cycle progression and proliferation. In addition, MCM-complex components localize to centrosomes and play an independent role in ciliogenesis. Pathogenic variants in genes coding for MCM components and other DNA replication factors have been linked to growth and developmental disorders as Meier-Gorlin syndrome and Seckel syndrome. Trio exome/genome sequencing identified the same de novo MCM6 missense variant p.(Cys158Tyr) in two unrelated individuals that presented with overlapping phenotypes consisting of intra-uterine growth retardation, short stature, congenital microcephaly, endocrine features, developmental delay and urogenital anomalies. The identified variant affects a zinc binding cysteine in the MCM6 zinc finger signature. This domain, and specifically cysteine residues, are essential for MCM-complex dimerization and the induction of helicase activity, suggesting a deleterious effect of this variant on DNA replication. Fibroblasts derived from the two affected individuals showed defects both in ciliogenesis and cell proliferation. We additionally traced three unrelated individuals with de novo MCM6 variants in the oligonucleotide binding (OB)-fold domain, presenting with variable (neuro)developmental features including autism spectrum disorder, developmental delay, and epilepsy. Taken together, our findings implicate de novo MCM6 variants in neurodevelopmental disorders. The clinical features and functional defects related to the zinc binding residue resemble those observed in syndromes related to other MCM components and DNA replication factors, while de novo OB-fold domain missense variants may be associated with more variable neurodevelopmental phenotypes. These data encourage consideration of MCM6 variants in the diagnostic arsenal of NDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne J Smits
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Rachel Schot
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Discovery Unit, Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cristiana A Popescu
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kerith-Rae Dias
- Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA), University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Lesley Ades
- Department of Clinical Genetics, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- Specialty of Genomic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lauren C Briere
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David A Sweetser
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Itaru Kushima
- Medical Genomics Center, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Branko Aleksic
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Frank J G T Sleutels
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniëlle C M van der Kaay
- Department of Pediatrics, Subdivision of Endocrinology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Hilde Van Esch
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Tony Roscioli
- Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA), University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- New South Wales Health Pathology Randwick Genomics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Grazia M S Mancini
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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23
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Nielsen-Dandoroff E, Ruegg MSG, Bicknell LS. The expanding genetic and clinical landscape associated with Meier-Gorlin syndrome. Eur J Hum Genet 2023:10.1038/s41431-023-01359-z. [PMID: 37059840 PMCID: PMC10400559 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-023-01359-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open
Abstract
High-throughput sequencing has become a standard first-tier approach for both diagnostics and research-based genetic testing. Consequently, this hypothesis-free testing manner has revealed the true breadth of clinical features for many established genetic disorders, including Meier-Gorlin syndrome (MGORS). Previously known as ear-patella short stature syndrome, MGORS is characterized by growth delay, microtia, and patella hypo/aplasia, as well as genital abnormalities, and breast agenesis in females. Following the initial identification of genetic causes in 2011, a total of 13 genes have been identified to date associated with MGORS. In this review, we summarise the genetic and clinical findings of each gene associated with MGORS and highlight molecular insights that have been made through studying patient variants. We note interesting observations arising across this group of genes as the number of patients has increased, such as the unusually high number of synonymous variants affecting splicing in CDC45 and a subgroup of genes that also cause craniosynostosis. We focus on the complicated molecular genetics for DONSON, where we examine potential genotype-phenotype patterns using the first 3D structural model of DONSON. The canonical role of all proteins associated with MGORS are involved in different stages of DNA replication and in addition to summarising how patient variants impact on this process, we discuss the potential contribution of non-canonical roles of these proteins to the pathophysiology of MGORS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mischa S G Ruegg
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Louise S Bicknell
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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24
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Control of human cytomegalovirus replication by liver resident natural killer cells. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1409. [PMID: 36918610 PMCID: PMC10014884 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37181-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer cells are considered to be important for control of human cytomegalovirus- a major pathogen in immune suppressed transplant patients. Viral infection promotes the development of an adaptive phenotype in circulating natural killer cells that changes their anti-viral function. In contrast, less is understood how natural killer cells that reside in tissue respond to viral infection. Here we show natural killer cells resident in the liver have an altered phenotype in cytomegalovirus infected individuals and display increased anti-viral activity against multiple viruses in vitro and identify and characterise a subset of natural killer cells responsible for control. Crucially, livers containing natural killer cells with better capacity to control cytomegalovirus replication in vitro are less likely to experience viraemia post-transplant. Taken together, these data suggest that virally induced expansion of tissue resident natural killer cells in the donor organ can reduce the chance of viraemia post-transplant.
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25
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Yilmaz Demirdag Y, Gupta S. Infections in DNA Repair Defects. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12030440. [PMID: 36986362 PMCID: PMC10054915 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12030440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA repair defects are heterogenous conditions characterized by a wide spectrum of clinical phenotypes. The common presentations of DNA repair defects include increased risk of cancer, accelerated aging, and defects in the development of various organs and systems. The immune system can be affected in a subset of these disorders leading to susceptibility to infections and autoimmunity. Infections in DNA repair defects may occur due to primary defects in T, B, or NK cells and other factors such as anatomic defects, neurologic disorders, or during chemotherapy. Consequently, the characteristics of the infections may vary from mild upper respiratory tract infections to severe, opportunistic, and even fatal infections with bacteria, viruses, or fungi. Here, infections in 15 rare and sporadic DNA repair defects that are associated with immunodeficiencies are discussed. Because of the rarity of some of these conditions, limited information is available regarding infectious complications.
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26
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Rosain J, Neehus AL, Manry J, Yang R, Le Pen J, Daher W, Liu Z, Chan YH, Tahuil N, Türel Ö, Bourgey M, Ogishi M, Doisne JM, Izquierdo HM, Shirasaki T, Le Voyer T, Guérin A, Bastard P, Moncada-Velez M, Han JE, Khan T, Rapaport F, Hong SH, Cheung A, Haake K, Mindt BC, Perez L, Philippot Q, Lee D, Zhang P, Rinchai D, Al Ali F, Ata MMA, Rahman M, Peel JN, Heissel S, Molina H, Kendir-Demirkol Y, Bailey R, Zhao S, Bohlen J, Mancini M, Seeleuthner Y, Roelens M, Lorenzo L, Soudée C, Paz MEJ, Gonzalez ML, Jeljeli M, Soulier J, Romana S, L’Honneur AS, Materna M, Martínez-Barricarte R, Pochon M, Oleaga-Quintas C, Michev A, Migaud M, Lévy R, Alyanakian MA, Rozenberg F, Croft CA, Vogt G, Emile JF, Kremer L, Ma CS, Fritz JH, Lemon SM, Spaan AN, Manel N, Abel L, MacDonald MR, Boisson-Dupuis S, Marr N, Tangye SG, Di Santo JP, Zhang Q, Zhang SY, Rice CM, Béziat V, Lachmann N, Langlais D, Casanova JL, Gros P, Bustamante J. Human IRF1 governs macrophagic IFN-γ immunity to mycobacteria. Cell 2023; 186:621-645.e33. [PMID: 36736301 PMCID: PMC9907019 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Inborn errors of human IFN-γ-dependent macrophagic immunity underlie mycobacterial diseases, whereas inborn errors of IFN-α/β-dependent intrinsic immunity underlie viral diseases. Both types of IFNs induce the transcription factor IRF1. We describe unrelated children with inherited complete IRF1 deficiency and early-onset, multiple, life-threatening diseases caused by weakly virulent mycobacteria and related intramacrophagic pathogens. These children have no history of severe viral disease, despite exposure to many viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, which is life-threatening in individuals with impaired IFN-α/β immunity. In leukocytes or fibroblasts stimulated in vitro, IRF1-dependent responses to IFN-γ are, both quantitatively and qualitatively, much stronger than those to IFN-α/β. Moreover, IRF1-deficient mononuclear phagocytes do not control mycobacteria and related pathogens normally when stimulated with IFN-γ. By contrast, IFN-α/β-dependent intrinsic immunity to nine viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, is almost normal in IRF1-deficient fibroblasts. Human IRF1 is essential for IFN-γ-dependent macrophagic immunity to mycobacteria, but largely redundant for IFN-α/β-dependent antiviral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémie Rosain
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Inserm U1163, 75015 Paris, France; Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France.
| | - Anna-Lena Neehus
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Inserm U1163, 75015 Paris, France,Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France,Institute of Experimental Hematology, REBIRTH Center for Regenerative and Translational Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jeremy Manry
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Inserm U1163, 75015 Paris, France,Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Rui Yang
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jérémie Le Pen
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Wassim Daher
- Infectious Disease Research Institute of Montpellier (IRIM), Montpellier University, 34000 Montpellier, France,Inserm, IRIM, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yi-Hao Chan
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Natalia Tahuil
- Department of Immunology, Del Niño Jesus Hospital, T4000 San Miguel de Tucuman, Tucuman, Argentina
| | - Özden Türel
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Bezmialem Vakif University Faculty of Medicine, 34093 İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Mathieu Bourgey
- Dahdaleh Institute of Genomic Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada,Canadian Centre for Computation Genomics, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Masato Ogishi
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jean-Marc Doisne
- Innate Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France,Inserm U1223, 75015 Paris, France
| | | | - Takayoshi Shirasaki
- Department of Medicine, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7292, USA
| | - Tom Le Voyer
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Inserm U1163, 75015 Paris, France,Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Antoine Guérin
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia,St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Paul Bastard
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Inserm U1163, 75015 Paris, France,Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France,St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA,Pediatric Hematology-Immunology and Rheumatology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Marcela Moncada-Velez
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ji Eun Han
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Taushif Khan
- Department of Immunology, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Franck Rapaport
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Seon-Hui Hong
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Andrew Cheung
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Kathrin Haake
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, REBIRTH Center for Regenerative and Translational Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Barbara C. Mindt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada,McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada,FOCiS Centre of Excellence in Translational Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Laura Perez
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, “J. P. Garrahan” National Hospital of Pediatrics, C1245 CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Quentin Philippot
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Inserm U1163, 75015 Paris, France,Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Danyel Lee
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Inserm U1163, 75015 Paris, France,Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France,St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Peng Zhang
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Darawan Rinchai
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Fatima Al Ali
- Department of Immunology, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | | | | | - Jessica N. Peel
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Søren Heissel
- Proteomics Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Henrik Molina
- Proteomics Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yasemin Kendir-Demirkol
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA,Umraniye Education and Research Hospital, Department of Pediatric Genetics, 34764 İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Rasheed Bailey
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Shuxiang Zhao
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jonathan Bohlen
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Inserm U1163, 75015 Paris, France,Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Mancini
- Dahdaleh Institute of Genomic Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada,McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Yoann Seeleuthner
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Inserm U1163, 75015 Paris, France,Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Marie Roelens
- Study Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France,Paris Cité University, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Lazaro Lorenzo
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Inserm U1163, 75015 Paris, France,Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Camille Soudée
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Inserm U1163, 75015 Paris, France,Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - María Elvira Josefina Paz
- Department of Pediatric Pathology, Del Niño Jesus Hospital, T4000 San Miguel de Tucuman, Tucuman, Argentina
| | - Maria Laura Gonzalez
- Central Laboratory, Del Niño Jesus Hospital, T4000 San Miguel de Tucuman, Tucuman, Argentina
| | - Mohamed Jeljeli
- Cochin University Hospital, Biological Immunology Unit, AP-HP, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Jean Soulier
- Inserm/CNRS U944/7212, Paris Cité University, 75006 Paris, France,Hematology Laboratory, Saint-Louis Hospital, AP-HP, 75010 Paris, France,,National Reference Center for Bone Marrow Failures, Saint-Louis and Robert Debré Hospitals, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Serge Romana
- Rare Disease Genomic Medicine Department, Paris Cité University, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France
| | | | - Marie Materna
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Inserm U1163, 75015 Paris, France,Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Rubén Martínez-Barricarte
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Mathieu Pochon
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Inserm U1163, 75015 Paris, France,Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Carmen Oleaga-Quintas
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Inserm U1163, 75015 Paris, France,Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Michev
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Inserm U1163, 75015 Paris, France,Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Mélanie Migaud
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Inserm U1163, 75015 Paris, France,Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Romain Lévy
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Inserm U1163, 75015 Paris, France,Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France,Pediatric Hematology-Immunology and Rheumatology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France
| | | | - Flore Rozenberg
- Department of Virology, Paris Cité University, Cochin Hospital, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Carys A. Croft
- Innate Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France,Inserm U1223, 75015 Paris, France,Paris Cité University, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Vogt
- Inserm UMR1283, CNRS UMR8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Lille University, Lille Pasteur Institute, Lille University Hospital, 59000 Lille, France,Neglected Human Genetics Laboratory, Paris Cité University, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Jean-François Emile
- Pathology Department, Ambroise-Paré Hospital, AP-HP, 92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Laurent Kremer
- Infectious Disease Research Institute of Montpellier (IRIM), Montpellier University, 34000 Montpellier, France,Inserm, IRIM, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Cindy S. Ma
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia,St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Jörg H. Fritz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada,McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada,FOCiS Centre of Excellence in Translational Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada,Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Stanley M. Lemon
- Department of Medicine, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7292, USA
| | - András N. Spaan
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA,Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolas Manel
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Inserm U932, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Laurent Abel
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Inserm U1163, 75015 Paris, France,Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France,St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Margaret R. MacDonald
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Stéphanie Boisson-Dupuis
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Inserm U1163, 75015 Paris, France,Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France,St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Nico Marr
- Department of Immunology, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar,College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Stuart G. Tangye
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia,St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - James P. Di Santo
- Innate Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France,Inserm U1223, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Qian Zhang
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Inserm U1163, 75015 Paris, France,Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France,St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Shen-Ying Zhang
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Inserm U1163, 75015 Paris, France,Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France,St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Charles M. Rice
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Vivien Béziat
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Inserm U1163, 75015 Paris, France,Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France,St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Nico Lachmann
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, REBIRTH Center for Regenerative and Translational Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany,Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergology and Neonatology and Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease, German Center for Lung Research, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany, EU,Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - David Langlais
- Dahdaleh Institute of Genomic Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada,Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Inserm U1163, 75015 Paris, France; Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France; St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Philippe Gros
- Dahdaleh Institute of Genomic Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada,Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Jacinta Bustamante
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Inserm U1163, 75015 Paris, France; Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France; St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Study Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France.
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27
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Willemsen M, Staels F, Gerbaux M, Neumann J, Schrijvers R, Meyts I, Humblet-Baron S, Liston A. DNA replication-associated inborn errors of immunity. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 151:345-360. [PMID: 36395985 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Inborn errors of immunity are a heterogeneous group of monogenic immunologic disorders caused by mutations in genes with critical roles in the development, maintenance, or function of the immune system. The genetic basis is frequently a mutation in a gene with restricted expression and/or function in immune cells, leading to an immune disorder. Several classes of inborn errors of immunity, however, result from mutation in genes that are ubiquitously expressed. Despite the genes participating in cellular processes conserved between cell types, immune cells are disproportionally affected, leading to inborn errors of immunity. Mutations in DNA replication, DNA repair, or DNA damage response factors can result in monogenic human disease, some of which are classified as inborn errors of immunity. Genetic defects in the DNA repair machinery are a well-known cause of T-B-NK+ severe combined immunodeficiency. An emerging class of inborn errors of immunity is those caused by mutations in DNA replication factors. Considerable heterogeneity exists within the DNA replication-associated inborn errors of immunity, with diverse immunologic defects and clinical manifestations observed. These differences are suggestive for differential sensitivity of certain leukocyte subsets to deficiencies in specific DNA replication factors. Here, we provide an overview of DNA replication-associated inborn errors of immunity and discuss the emerging mechanistic insights that can explain the observed immunologic heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathijs Willemsen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Frederik Staels
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Margaux Gerbaux
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Pediatric Department, Academic Children Hospital Queen Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julika Neumann
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rik Schrijvers
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of General Internal Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Meyts
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory for Inborn Errors of Immunity, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Primary Immunodeficiencies, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; ERN-RITA Core Center Member, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stephanie Humblet-Baron
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Adrian Liston
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium; Immunology Program, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge.
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28
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Mace EM. Human natural killer cells: Form, function, and development. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 151:371-385. [PMID: 36195172 PMCID: PMC9905317 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphoid cells that mediate important effector functions in the control of viral infection and malignancy. Their ability to distinguish "self" from "nonself" and lyse virally infected and tumorigenic cells through germline-encoded receptors makes them important players in maintaining human health and a powerful tool for immunotherapeutic applications and fighting disease. This review introduces our current understanding of NK cell biology, including key facets of NK cell differentiation and the acquisition and execution of NK cell effector function. Further, it addresses the clinical relevance of NK cells in both primary immunodeficiency and immunotherapy. It is intended to provide an up-to-date and comprehensive overview of this important and interesting innate immune effector cell subset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Mace
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York.
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29
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Howson LJ, Bryant VL. Insights into mucosal associated invariant T cell biology from human inborn errors of immunity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1107609. [PMID: 36618406 PMCID: PMC9813737 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1107609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren J. Howson
- Immunology Division, Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,*Correspondence: Lauren J. Howson,
| | - Vanessa L. Bryant
- Immunology Division, Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,Department of Clinical Immunology & Allergy, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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30
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Conte MI, Poli MC, Taglialatela A, Leuzzi G, Chinn IK, Salinas SA, Rey-Jurado E, Olivares N, Veramendi-Espinoza L, Ciccia A, Lupski JR, Aldave Becerra JC, Mace EM, Orange JS. Partial loss-of-function mutations in GINS4 lead to NK cell deficiency with neutropenia. JCI Insight 2022; 7:e154948. [PMID: 36345943 PMCID: PMC9675456 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.154948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Human NK cell deficiency (NKD) is a primary immunodeficiency in which the main clinically relevant immunological defect involves missing or dysfunctional NK cells. Here, we describe a familial NKD case in which 2 siblings had a substantive NKD and neutropenia in the absence of other immune system abnormalities. Exome sequencing identified compound heterozygous variants in Go-Ichi-Ni-San (GINS) complex subunit 4 (GINS4, also known as SLD5), an essential component of the human replicative helicase, which we demonstrate to have a damaging impact upon the expression and assembly of the GINS complex. Cells derived from affected individuals and a GINS4-knockdown cell line demonstrate delayed cell cycle progression, without signs of improper DNA synthesis or increased replication stress. By modeling partial GINS4 depletion in differentiating NK cells in vitro, we demonstrate the causal relationship between the genotype and the NK cell phenotype, as well as a cell-intrinsic defect in NK cell development. Thus, biallelic partial loss-of-function mutations in GINS4 define a potentially novel disease-causing gene underlying NKD with neutropenia. Together with the previously described mutations in other helicase genes causing NKD, and with the mild defects observed in other human cells, these variants underscore the importance of this pathway in NK cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde I. Conte
- Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - M. Cecilia Poli
- Faculty of Medicine, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
- Immunology and Rheumatology Unit, Hospital Roberto del Rio, Santiago, Chile
| | - Angelo Taglialatela
- Department of Genetics and Development, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Giuseppe Leuzzi
- Department of Genetics and Development, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ivan K. Chinn
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Division of Immunology, Allergy, and Retrovirology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sandra A. Salinas
- Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Emma Rey-Jurado
- Faculty of Medicine, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nixa Olivares
- Faculty of Medicine, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Liz Veramendi-Espinoza
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, Lima, Peru
| | - Alberto Ciccia
- Department of Genetics and Development, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - James R. Lupski
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Emily M. Mace
- Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jordan S. Orange
- Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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31
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Starokadomskyy P. Editorial: Pattern-recognition receptors: Genetics, immunity, pathology. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:991898. [PMID: 36204646 PMCID: PMC9531015 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.991898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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32
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Akar-Ghibril N. Defects of the Innate Immune System and Related Immune Deficiencies. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2022; 63:36-54. [PMID: 34417936 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-021-08885-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The innate immune system is the host's first line of defense against pathogens. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern recognition receptors that mediate recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns. TLRs also activate signaling transduction pathways involved in host defense, inflammation, development, and the production of inflammatory cytokines. Innate immunodeficiencies associated with defective TLR signaling include mutations in NEMO, IKBA, MyD88, and IRAK4. Other innate immune defects have been associated with susceptibility to herpes simplex encephalitis, viral infections, and mycobacterial disease, as well as chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis and epidermodysplasia verruciformis. Phagocytes and natural killer cells are essential members of the innate immune system and defects in number and/or function of these cells can lead to recurrent infections. Complement is another important part of the innate immune system. Complement deficiencies can lead to increased susceptibility to infections, autoimmunity, or impaired immune complex clearance. The innate immune system must work to quickly recognize and eliminate pathogens as well as coordinate an immune response and engage the adaptive immune system. Defects of the innate immune system can lead to failure to quickly identify pathogens and activate the immune response, resulting in susceptibility to severe or recurrent infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Akar-Ghibril
- Division of Pediatric Immunology, Allergy, and Rheumatology, Joe DiMaggio Children's Hospital, 1311 N 35th Ave, Suite 220, 33021, Hollywood, FL, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, Florida Atlantic University Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Boca Raton, FL, USA.
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33
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Zhang K, Zhou J, Wu T, Tian Q, Liu T, Wang W, Zhong H, Chen Z, Xiao X, Wu G. Combined analysis of expression, prognosis and immune infiltration of GINS family genes in human sarcoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:5895-5907. [PMID: 35896011 PMCID: PMC9365567 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Objective: This study was undertaken to explore the expression and prognostic value of GINS family in human sarcoma, as well as the association between the expression levels of the GINS family and sarcoma immune infiltration. Results: We discovered that the mRNA expression levels of GINS1, GINS2, GINS3, and GINS4 were all higher in the majority of tumor tissues than in normal samples, of course, including sarcoma. Through the CCLE, all the four members expression were observed in high levels in sarcoma cell lines. In Gene Expression Profiling Analysis (GEPIA) and Kaplan-Meier Plotter, our results indicated that the poor overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS) and relapse free survival (RFS) were tightly associated with the increased expression of GINS genes. In TIMER database, we found that highly expressed GINS was significantly correlated with the low infiltration level of CD4+ T cell and macrophage. Conclusions: The four GINS family members were all the prognostic biomarkers for the prognosis of human sarcoma and can reduce the level of immune cell infiltration in the sarcoma microenvironment. Methods: In terms of the expression levels of mRNA for GINS family members, a particular contrast in various cancers, especially human sarcoma, was conducted through ONCOMINE and GEPIA and CCLE databases. Kaplan-Meier Plotter was used to identify the prognostic value of GINS family in sarcoma. The relationship between the expression level of GINS and the infiltration of immune cells was analyzed in TIMER database.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China.,Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Qunyan Tian
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Tang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Wanchun Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Hua Zhong
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510900, Guangdong, China
| | - Ziyuan Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First People's Hospital of Changde City, Changde 415003, Hunan, China
| | - Xungang Xiao
- Department of Orthopedics, Chenzhou No.1 People's Hospital, Chenzhou 423000, Hunan, China
| | - Gen Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510900, Guangdong, China
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34
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Natural Killer cells demonstrate distinct eQTL and transcriptome-wide disease associations, highlighting their role in autoimmunity. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4073. [PMID: 35835762 PMCID: PMC9283523 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31626-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural Killer cells are innate lymphocytes with central roles in immunosurveillance and are implicated in autoimmune pathogenesis. The degree to which regulatory variants affect Natural Killer cell gene expression is poorly understood. Here we perform expression quantitative trait locus mapping of negatively selected Natural Killer cells from a population of healthy Europeans (n = 245). We find a significant subset of genes demonstrate expression quantitative trait loci specific to Natural Killer cells and these are highly informative of human disease, in particular autoimmunity. A Natural Killer cell transcriptome-wide association study across five common autoimmune diseases identifies further novel associations at 27 genes. In addition to these cis observations, we find novel master-regulatory regions impacting expression of trans gene networks at regions including 19q13.4, the Killer cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptor region, GNLY, MC1R and UVSSA. Our findings provide new insights into the unique biology of Natural Killer cells, demonstrating markedly different expression quantitative trait loci from other immune cells, with implications for disease mechanisms. Natural Killer cells are key mediators of anti-tumour immunosurveillance and anti-viral immunity. Here, the authors map regulatory genetic variation in primary Natural Killer cells, providing new insights into their role in human health and disease.
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35
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Li S, Yang Q, Jiao R, Xu P, Sun Y, Li X. m6A Topological Transition Coupled to Developmental Regulation of Gene Expression During Mammalian Tissue Development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:916423. [PMID: 35865625 PMCID: PMC9294180 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.916423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent internal modification and reversible epitranscriptomic mark in messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and plays essential roles in a variety of biological processes. However, the dynamic distribution patterns of m6A and their significance during mammalian tissue development are poorly understood. Here, we found that based on m6A distribution patterns, protein-coding genes were classified into five groups with significantly distinct biological features and functions. Strikingly, comparison of the m6A methylomes of multiple mammalian tissues between fetal and adult stages revealed dynamic m6A topological transition during mammalian tissue development, and identified large numbers of genes with significant m6A loss in 5′UTRs or m6A gain around stop codons. The genes with m6A loss in 5′UTRs were highly enriched in developmental stage-specific genes, and their m6A topological transitions were strongly associated with gene expression regulation during tissue development. The genes with m6A gain around the stop codons were associated with tissue-specific functions. Our findings revealed the existence of different m6A topologies among protein-coding genes that were associated with distinct characteristics. More importantly, these genes with m6A topological transitions were crucial for tissue development via regulation of gene expression, suggesting the importance of dynamic m6A topological transitions during mammalian tissue development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Li
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qing Yang
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Rui Jiao
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Pengfei Xu
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yazhou Sun
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Yazhou Sun, ; Xin Li,
| | - Xin Li
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Yazhou Sun, ; Xin Li,
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36
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Poyer F, Jimenez Heredia R, Novak W, Zeitlhofer P, Nebral K, Dworzak MN, Haas OA, Boztug K, Kager L. Case Report: Refractory Cytopenia With a Switch From a Transient Monosomy 7 to a Disease-Ameliorating del(20q) in a NHEJ1-Deficient Long-term Survivor. Front Immunol 2022; 13:869047. [PMID: 35812385 PMCID: PMC9263211 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.869047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the case of a male Pakistani patient with a pathogenic homozygous loss of function variant in the non-homologous end-joining factor 1 (NHEJ1) gene. The growth retarded and microcephalic boy with clinodactyly of both hands and hyperpigmentation of the skin suffered from recurrent respiratory infections. He was five and a half years old when he came to our attention with refractory cytopenia and monosomy 7. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation was considered but not feasible because there was no suitable donor available. Monosomy 7 was not detected anymore in subsequent bone marrow biopsies that were repeated in yearly intervals. Instead, seven and a half years later, a novel clone with a del(20q) appeared and steadily increased thereafter. In parallel, the patient’s blood count, which had remained stable for over 20 years without necessitating any specific therapeutic interventions, improved gradually and the erythropoiesis-associated dysplasia resolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Poyer
- St. Anna Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Raúl Jimenez Heredia
- St. Anna Children’s Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria
- Center for Molecular Medicine Center for Molecular Medicine (CeMM) Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Novak
- St. Anna Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Zeitlhofer
- St. Anna Children’s Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria
- Labdia, Labordiagnostik, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karin Nebral
- St. Anna Children’s Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria
- Labdia, Labordiagnostik, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael N. Dworzak
- St. Anna Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- St. Anna Children’s Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria
| | - Oskar A. Haas
- St. Anna Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- St. Anna Children’s Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria
- Labdia, Labordiagnostik, Vienna, Austria
- *Correspondence: Oskar A. Haas, ; Kaan Boztug, ; Leo Kager,
| | - Kaan Boztug
- St. Anna Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- St. Anna Children’s Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria
- Center for Molecular Medicine Center for Molecular Medicine (CeMM) Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- *Correspondence: Oskar A. Haas, ; Kaan Boztug, ; Leo Kager,
| | - Leo Kager
- St. Anna Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- St. Anna Children’s Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria
- *Correspondence: Oskar A. Haas, ; Kaan Boztug, ; Leo Kager,
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37
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Wang Y, Abolhassani H, Hammarström L, Pan-Hammarström Q. SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with inborn errors of immunity due to DNA repair defects. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2022; 54:836-846. [PMID: 35713311 PMCID: PMC9827799 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2022071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical information on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in patients with inborn errors of immunity (IEI) during the current Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is still limited. Proper DNA repair machinery is required for the development of the adaptive immune system, which provides specific and long-term protection against SARS-CoV-2. This review highlights the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infections on IEI patients with DNA repair disorders and summarizes susceptibility risk factors, pathogenic mechanisms, clinical manifestations and management strategies of COVID-19 in this special patient population.
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38
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Zheng B, Artin MG, Chung H, Chen B, Sun S, May BL, Hur C, Green PHR, Wang TC, Park J, Kong XF. Immunogenetics of gastrointestinal cancers: A systematic review and retrospective survey of inborn errors of immunity in humans. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 37:973-982. [PMID: 35384041 PMCID: PMC9301767 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Humans with inborn errors of immunity (IEI), or primary immunodeficiencies, may be associated with a potential risk factor for early-onset gastrointestinal (GI) cancer. METHODS We systematically reviewed all cases with clinical diagnoses of both an IEI and a GI cancer in three databases (MEDLINE, SCOPUS, and EMBASE). In total, 76 publications satisfying our inclusion criteria were identified, and data for 149 cases were analyzed. We also searched our institutional cancer registry for such cases. RESULTS We identified 149 patients with both an IEI and a GI cancer, 95 presented gastric cancer, 13 small bowel cancer, 35 colorectal cancer, and 6 had an unspecified cancer or cancer at another site. Gastric and colon adenocarcinomas were the most common. For both gastric and colorectal cancers, age at onset was significantly earlier in patients with IEIs than in the general population, based on the SEER database. Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) was the most common IEI associated with gastrointestinal cancer. About 12% of patients had molecular genetic diagnoses, the three most frequently implicated genes being ATM, CARMIL2, and CTLA4. Impaired humoral immunity and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection were frequently reported as factors potentially underlying early-onset GI cancers in patients with IEIs. We identified one patient with CVID and early-onset gastric adenocarcinoma, recurrent diarrhea, and gastrointestinal CMV infection from a retrospective survey. CONCLUSION Patients with IEIs should be considered at risk of early-onset GI cancers and should therefore undergo cancer screening at an earlier age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beishi Zheng
- Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York,Department of Internal Medicine, Woodhull Medical and Mental Health Center, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Michael G Artin
- Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York
| | - Howard Chung
- Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York
| | - Bing Chen
- Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York
| | - Siming Sun
- Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York
| | - Benjamin L May
- Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York
| | - Chin Hur
- Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York
| | - Peter H R Green
- Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York
| | - Timothy C Wang
- Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York
| | - Jiheum Park
- Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York
| | - Xiao-Fei Kong
- Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York
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39
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Borel V, Boeing S, Van Wietmarschen N, Sridharan S, Hill BR, Ombrato L, Perez-Lloret J, Jackson D, Goldstone R, Boulton SJ, Nussenzweig A, Bellelli R. Disrupted control of origin activation compromises genome integrity upon destabilization of Polε and dysfunction of the TRP53-CDKN1A/P21 axis. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110871. [PMID: 35649380 PMCID: PMC9637995 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of genome stability relies on coordinated control of origin activation and replication fork progression. How the interplay between these processes influences human genetic disease and cancer remains incompletely characterized. Here we show that mouse cells featuring Polε instability exhibit impaired genome-wide activation of DNA replication origins, in an origin-location-independent manner. Strikingly, Trp53 ablation in primary Polε hypomorphic cells increased Polε levels and origin activation and reduced DNA damage in a transcription-dependent manner. Transcriptome analysis of primary Trp53 knockout cells revealed that the TRP53-CDKN1A/P21 axis maintains appropriate levels of replication factors and CDK activity during unchallenged S phase. Loss of this control mechanism deregulates origin activation and perturbs genome-wide replication fork progression. Thus, while our data support an impaired origin activation model for genetic diseases affecting CMG formation, we propose that loss of the TRP53-CDKN1A/P21 tumor suppressor axis induces inappropriate origin activation and deregulates genome-wide fork progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Borel
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, NW1 1AT London, UK
| | - Stefan Boeing
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, NW1 1AT London, UK
| | | | - Sriram Sridharan
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bethany Rebekah Hill
- Centre for Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, The Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, Barbican, EC1M 6BE London, UK
| | - Luigi Ombrato
- Centre for Tumour Microenvironment, The Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, Barbican, EC1M 6BE London, UK
| | | | - Deb Jackson
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, NW1 1AT London, UK
| | | | - Simon J Boulton
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, NW1 1AT London, UK
| | - Andre Nussenzweig
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Roberto Bellelli
- Centre for Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, The Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, Barbican, EC1M 6BE London, UK.
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40
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McQuaid ME, Ahmed K, Tran S, Rousseau J, Shaheen R, Kernohan KD, Yuki KE, Grover P, Dreseris ES, Ahmed S, Dupuis L, Stimec J, Shago M, Al-Hassnan ZN, Tremblay R, Maass PG, Wilson MD, Grunebaum E, Boycott KM, Boisvert FM, Maddirevula S, Faqeih EA, Almanjomi F, Khan ZU, Alkuraya FS, Campeau PM, Kannu P, Campos EI, Wurtele H. Hypomorphic GINS3 variants alter DNA replication and cause Meier-Gorlin syndrome. JCI Insight 2022; 7:155648. [PMID: 35603789 PMCID: PMC9215265 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.155648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The eukaryotic CDC45/MCM2-7/GINS (CMG) helicase unwinds the DNA double helix during DNA replication. The GINS subcomplex is required for helicase activity and is, therefore, essential for DNA replication and cell viability. Here, we report the identification of 7 individuals from 5 unrelated families presenting with a Meier-Gorlin syndrome–like (MGS-like) phenotype associated with hypomorphic variants of GINS3, a gene not previously associated with this syndrome. We found that MGS-associated GINS3 variants affecting aspartic acid 24 (D24) compromised cell proliferation and caused accumulation of cells in S phase. These variants shortened the protein half-life, altered key protein interactions at the replisome, and negatively influenced DNA replication fork progression. Yeast expressing MGS-associated variants of PSF3 (the yeast GINS3 ortholog) also displayed impaired growth, S phase progression defects, and decreased Psf3 protein stability. We further showed that mouse embryos homozygous for a D24 variant presented intrauterine growth retardation and did not survive to birth, and that fibroblasts derived from these embryos displayed accelerated cellular senescence. Taken together, our findings implicate GINS3 in the pathogenesis of MGS and support the notion that hypomorphic variants identified in this gene impaired cell and organismal growth by compromising DNA replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary E. McQuaid
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kashif Ahmed
- Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephanie Tran
- Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Ranad Shaheen
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kristin D. Kernohan
- CHEO Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Newborn Screening Ontario, CHEO, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kyoko E. Yuki
- Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Prerna Grover
- Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ema S. Dreseris
- Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sameen Ahmed
- Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lucie Dupuis
- Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer Stimec
- Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mary Shago
- Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zuhair N. Al-Hassnan
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Roch Tremblay
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Philipp G. Maass
- Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael D. Wilson
- Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eyal Grunebaum
- Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Sateesh Maddirevula
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eissa A. Faqeih
- Section of Medical Genetics, Children’s Specialist Hospital, and
| | - Fahad Almanjomi
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zaheer Ullah Khan
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fowzan S. Alkuraya
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Peter Kannu
- Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Eric I. Campos
- Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hugo Wurtele
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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41
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Nakano T, Sasahara Y, Kikuchi A, Moriya K, Niizuma H, Niihori T, Shirota M, Funayama R, Nakayama K, Aoki Y, Kure S. Novel POLE mutations identified in patients with IMAGE-I syndrome cause aberrant subcellular localisation and protein degradation in the nucleus. J Med Genet 2022; 59:jmedgenet-2021-108300. [PMID: 35534205 PMCID: PMC9613869 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2021-108300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA replisome is a molecular complex that plays indispensable roles in normal DNA replication. IMAGE-I syndrome is a DNA replisome-associated genetic disease caused by biallelic mutations in the gene encoding DNA polymerase epsilon catalytic subunit 1 (POLE). However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unresolved. METHODS The clinical manifestations in two patients with IMAGE-I syndrome were characterised. Whole-exome sequencing was performed and altered mRNA splicing and protein levels of POLE were determined. Subcellular localisation, cell cycle analysis and DNA replication stress were assessed using fibroblasts and peripheral blood from the patients and transfected cell lines to determine the functional significance of POLE mutations. RESULTS Both patients presented with growth retardation, adrenal insufficiency, immunodeficiency and complicated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. We identified three novel POLE mutations: namely, a deep intronic mutation, c.1226+234G>A, common in both patients, and missense (c.2593T>G) and in-frame deletion (c.711_713del) mutations in each patient. The unique deep intronic mutation produced aberrantly spliced mRNAs. All mutants showed significantly reduced, but not null, protein levels. Notably, the mutants showed severely diminished nuclear localisation, which was rescued by proteasome inhibitor treatment. Functional analysis revealed impairment of cell cycle progression and increase in the expression of phospho-H2A histone family member X in both patients. CONCLUSION These findings provide new insights regarding the mechanism via which POLE mutants are highly susceptible to proteasome-dependent degradation in the nucleus, resulting in impaired DNA replication and cell cycle progression, a characteristic of DNA replisome-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Nakano
- Department of Pediatrics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yoji Sasahara
- Department of Pediatrics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Atsuo Kikuchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Moriya
- Department of Pediatrics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Niizuma
- Department of Pediatrics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Niihori
- Department of Medical Genetics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Matsuyuki Shirota
- Division of Interdisciplinary Medical Sciences, United Centers for Advanced Research and Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Ryo Funayama
- Division of Cell Proliferation, United Centers for Advanced Research and Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Keiko Nakayama
- Division of Cell Proliferation, United Centers for Advanced Research and Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yoko Aoki
- Department of Medical Genetics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Shigeo Kure
- Department of Pediatrics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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42
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Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells play an important role in innate immune responses to viral infections. Here, we review recent insights into the role of NK cells in viral infections, with particular emphasis on human studies. We first discuss NK cells in the context of acute viral infections, with flavivirus and influenza virus infections as examples. Questions related to activation of NK cells, homing to infected tissues and the role of tissue-resident NK cells in acute viral infections are also addressed. Next, we discuss NK cells in the context of chronic viral infections with hepatitis C virus and HIV-1. Also covered is the role of adaptive-like NK cell expansions as well as the appearance of CD56- NK cells in the course of chronic infection. Specific emphasis is then placed in viral infections in patients with primary immunodeficiencies affecting NK cells. Not least, studies in this area have revealed an important role for NK cells in controlling several herpesvirus infections. Finally, we address new data with respect to the activation of NK cells and NK cell function in humans infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) giving rise to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas K Björkström
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Benedikt Strunz
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hans-Gustaf Ljunggren
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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43
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Increased contribution of DNA polymerase delta to the leading strand replication in yeast with an impaired CMG helicase complex. DNA Repair (Amst) 2022; 110:103272. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2022.103272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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44
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Hsu AP, Holland SM. Host genetics of innate immune system in infection. Curr Opin Immunol 2022; 74:140-149. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2021.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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45
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Disease-associated Mutations in Topoisomerase IIβ Result in Defective NK cells. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 149:2171-2176.e3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.12.792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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46
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Redmond MT, Scherzer R, Prince BT. Novel Genetic Discoveries in Primary Immunodeficiency Disorders. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2022; 63:55-74. [PMID: 35020168 PMCID: PMC8753955 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-021-08881-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The field of Immunology is one that has undergone great expansion in recent years. With the advent of new diagnostic modalities including a variety of genetic tests (discussed elsewhere in this journal), the ability to diagnose a patient with a primary immunodeficiency disorder (PIDD) has become a more streamlined process. With increased availability of genetic testing for those with suspected or known PIDD, there has been a significant increase in the number of genes associated with this group of disorders. This is of great importance as a misdiagnosis of these rare diseases can lead to a delay in what can be critical treatment options. At times, those options can include life-saving medications or procedures. Presentation of patients with PIDD can vary greatly based on the specific genetic defect and the part(s) of the immune system that is affected by the variation. PIDD disorders lead to varying levels of increased risk of infection ranging from a mild increase such as with selective IgA deficiency to a profound risk with severe combined immunodeficiency. These diseases can also cause a variety of other clinical findings including autoimmunity and gastrointestinal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret T. Redmond
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Rebecca Scherzer
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Benjamin T. Prince
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH USA
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47
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Abendroth A, Slobedman B. Modulation of MHC and MHC-Like Molecules by Varicella Zoster Virus. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2022; 438:85-102. [DOI: 10.1007/82_2022_254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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48
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Amirifar P, Yazdani R, Azizi G, Ranjouri MR, Durandy A, Plebani A, Lougaris V, Hammarstrom L, Aghamohammadi A, Abolhassani H. Known and potential molecules associated with altered B cell development leading to predominantly antibody deficiencies. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2021; 32:1601-1615. [PMID: 34181780 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Predominantly antibody deficiencies (PADs) encompass a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by low immunoglobulin serum levels in the presence or absence of peripheral B cells. Clinical presentation of affected patients may include recurrent respiratory and gastrointestinal infections, invasive infections, autoimmune manifestations, allergic reactions, lymphoproliferation, and increased susceptibility to malignant transformation. In the last decades, several genetic alterations affecting B-cell development/maturation have been identified as causative of several forms of PADs, adding important information on the genetic background of PADs, which in turn should lead to a better understanding of these disorders and precise clinical management of affected patients. This review aimed to present a comprehensive overview of the known and potentially involved molecules in the etiology of PADs to elucidate the pathogenesis of these disorders and eventually offer a better prognosis for affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Amirifar
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Yazdani
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases Network (PIDNet), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Azizi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Ranjouri
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anne Durandy
- Human Lymphohematopoiesis Laboratory, Institut Imagine, Inserm U1163, Paris Descartes Sorbonne, Paris Cite University, Paris, France
| | - Alessandro Plebani
- Pediatrics Clinic and "A. Nocivelli" Institute for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Vassilios Lougaris
- Pediatrics Clinic and "A. Nocivelli" Institute for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Lennart Hammarstrom
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Asghar Aghamohammadi
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Abolhassani
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
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49
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Perturbed NK Cell Homeostasis Associated with Disease Severity in Chronic Neutropenia. Blood 2021; 139:704-716. [PMID: 34699594 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021013233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils have been suggested to play a critical role in terminal differentiation of NK cells. Whether this is a direct effect or a consequence of global immune changes with effects on NK cell homeostasis remains unknown. Here, we used high-resolution flow- and mass cytometry to examine NK cell repertoires in 64 patients with neutropenia and 27 healthy age- and gender-matched donors. A subgroup of patients with chronic neutropenia showed severely disrupted NK cell homeostasis manifested as increased frequencies of CD56bright NK cells and a lack of mature CD56dim NK cells. These immature NK cell repertoires were characterized by expression of proliferation/exhaustion markers Ki-67, Tim-3 and TIGIT and displayed blunted tumor target cell responses. Systems-level immune mapping revealed that the changes in immunophenotypes were confined to NK cells, leaving T cell differentiation intact. RNA sequencing of NK cells from these patients showed upregulation of a network of genes, including TNFSF9, CENPF, MKI67 and TOP2A, associated with apoptosis and the cell cycle, different from conventional CD56bright signatures. Profiling of 249 plasma proteins showed a coordinated enrichment of pathways related to apoptosis and cell turnover, which correlated with immature NK cell repertoires. Notably, most of these patients exhibited severe-grade neutropenia, suggesting that the profoundly altered NK cell homeostasis was connected to the severity of their underlying etiology. Hence, although our data suggests that neutrophils are dispensable for NK cell development and differentiation, some patients displayed a specific gap in the NK repertoire, associated with poor cytotoxic function and more severe disease manifestations.
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Nabais Sá MJ, Miller KA, McQuaid M, Koelling N, Wilkie AOM, Wurtele H, de Brouwer APM, Oliveira J. Biallelic GINS2 variant p.(Arg114Leu) causes Meier-Gorlin syndrome with craniosynostosis. J Med Genet 2021; 59:776-780. [PMID: 34353863 PMCID: PMC9340002 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2020-107572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Replication of the nuclear genome is an essential step for cell division. Pathogenic variants in genes coding for highly conserved components of the DNA replication machinery cause Meier-Gorlin syndrome (MGORS). Objective Identification of novel genes associated with MGORS. Methods Exome sequencing was performed to investigate the genotype of an individual presenting with prenatal and postnatal growth restriction, a craniofacial gestalt of MGORS and coronal craniosynostosis. The analysis of the candidate variants employed bioinformatic tools, in silico structural protein analysis and modelling in budding yeast. Results A novel homozygous missense variant NM_016095.2:c.341G>T, p.(Arg114Leu), in GINS2 was identified. Both non-consanguineous healthy parents carried this variant. Bioinformatic analysis supports its classification as pathogenic. Functional analyses using yeast showed that this variant increases sensitivity to nicotinamide, a compound that interferes with DNA replication processes. The phylogenetically highly conserved residue p.Arg114 localises at the docking site of CDC45 and MCM5 at GINS2. Moreover, the missense change possibly disrupts the effective interaction between the GINS complex and CDC45, which is necessary for the CMG helicase complex (Cdc45/MCM2–7/GINS) to accurately operate. Interestingly, our patient’s phenotype is strikingly similar to the phenotype of patients with CDC45-related MGORS, particularly those with craniosynostosis, mild short stature and patellar hypoplasia. Conclusion GINS2 is a new disease-associated gene, expanding the genetic aetiology of MGORS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Nabais Sá
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center and Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands .,Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Kerry A Miller
- Clinical Genetics Group, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mary McQuaid
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Nils Koelling
- Clinical Genetics Group, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew O M Wilkie
- Clinical Genetics Group, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Hugo Wurtele
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Arjan P M de Brouwer
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center and Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jorge Oliveira
- Centre for Predictive and Preventive Genetics (CGPP), Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,UnIGENe, i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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