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Jin R, Wei J, Wang X, Le TT. The darkness of reacculturation: examining factors influencing depression among Chinese international student returnees in the post-COVID-19 era. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1407742. [PMID: 38962238 PMCID: PMC11220286 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1407742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction In the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, the reintegration of Chinese international student returnees intersects with China's critical effort to combat a significant brain drain of highly skilled talents, highlighting an unprecedented psychological battleground. This convergence underscores the urgent need for nuanced research to navigate the uncharted territory of their mental health. Methods Employing Bayesian analysis supported by Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms, this study examined depression prevalence and associated factors among 1,014 Chinese returnees. The sample comprised 44.87% male participants (455), 51.58% female participants (523), and 3.55% identifying as "Others" (36), with an age distribution of 61.74% aged 18-30 (626), 28.80% aged 31-40 (292), and 9.47% aged 41-50 (96). The mean age of participants was 29.6 years, ranging from 18 to 50 years. PHQ-9 diagnoses revealed alarming levels of depression, with 47.9% exhibiting a moderately severe degree of depressive disorder. Results Our findings highlight the intricate interplay between identity clusters- "homestayers" (those leaning towards a Chinese cultural identity), "navigators" (those with a bicultural identity), and "wayfarers" (those leaning towards a foreign cultural identity)-and the likelihood of depression. Specifically, homestayers showed a clear and strong negative association, navigators demonstrated a positive association, and wayfarers had a positive yet unclear correlation with depression levels. Furthermore, acculturation, age, and gender showed no significant effects, whereas education mildly mitigated depression. Discussion Based on these findings, we suggest the implementation of better-tailored mental health support and policies to facilitate smoother reintegration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruining Jin
- Civil, Commercial and Economic Law School, China University of Political Science and Law, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Wei
- Civil, Commercial and Economic Law School, China University of Political Science and Law, Beijing, China
| | - Xuanyi Wang
- Suzhou Lunhua Education Group, Suzhou, China
| | - Tam-Tri Le
- Independent Researcher, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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Tressová D, De Caluwé E, Bogaerts S. Identity and Personality Pathology in Adult Forensic Psychiatric Patients and Healthy Controls. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OFFENDER THERAPY AND COMPARATIVE CRIMINOLOGY 2024:306624X241248364. [PMID: 38651623 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x241248364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Since the publication of the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), identity impairment has become a diagnostic criterion for all personality disorders. The current study examined the occurrence of identity dimensions, clinically relevant identity impairments and personality pathology, and associations between these constructs in 92 forensic patients and 139 healthy controls. Patients showed higher levels of almost all identity dimensions, identity impairments, personality disorders, and almost all maladaptive personality traits than controls. Various identity dimensions were associated with consolidated identity as well as identity impairments in both groups. Both patients and controls with high ruminative exploration and identity malfunctioning showed more personality pathology. Different associations between identity functioning and particularly antisocial and borderline personality disorder showed to be stronger in patients than in controls. Our results highlight the importance of identity impairment as a crucial criterion to assess and treat personality pathology in forensic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deni Tressová
- Tilburg University, The Netherlands
- Fivoor Science and Treatment Innovation, Poortugaal, The Netherlands
| | | | - Stefan Bogaerts
- Tilburg University, The Netherlands
- Fivoor Science and Treatment Innovation, Poortugaal, The Netherlands
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Maladaptive Personality Traits in a Group of Patients with Substance Use Disorder and ADHD. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58070962. [PMID: 35888680 PMCID: PMC9323800 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58070962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: the comorbidity of personality disorders in patients who use psychoactive substances is common in psychiatric practice. The epidemiology of disharmonious personality traits in patients with ADHD and addictions in adulthood is still insufficiently researched. The study investigated the typology of personality traits in a group of adult patients consuming psychoactive substances, in whom symptoms of ADHD were identified. Materials and Methods: the study evaluates a group of 104 patients with chronic psychoactive substances abuse, in whom symptoms of ADHD were identified in early adulthood, in terms of comorbid personality traits. Results: statistically significant data have been obtained regarding the presence of clinical traits characteristic for cluster B personality disorders, the patients presenting lower levels of self-control, self-image instability, difficulties in the areas of social relationships and own identity integration. Conclusions: ADHD symptomatology precedes the clinical traits of personality disorders in patients with addictions, negatively influencing chronic evolution and quality of life.
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Wills TA, Pokhrel P, Sussman S. The intersection of social networks and individual identity in adolescent problem behavior: Pathways and ethnic differences. SELF AND IDENTITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15298868.2021.1923561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A. Wills
- Cancer Prevention in the Pacific Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Pallav Pokhrel
- Cancer Prevention in the Pacific Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Steven Sussman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, NSA
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Hatano K, Sugimura K, Schwartz SJ. Longitudinal Links Between Identity Consolidation and Psychosocial Problems in Adolescence: Using Bi-Factor Latent Change and Cross-Lagged Effect Models. J Youth Adolesc 2017; 47:717-730. [PMID: 29105021 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-017-0785-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Most previous identity research has focused on relationships between identity synthesis, confusion, and psychosocial problems. However, these studies did not take into account Erikson's notion of identity consolidation, that is, the dynamic interplay between identity synthesis and confusion. This study aimed to examine longitudinal relationships and the directionality of the effects between identity consolidation and psychosocial problems during adolescence, using two waves of longitudinal data from 793 Japanese adolescents (49.7% girls; ages 13-14 and 16-17 at Time 1). A bi-factor latent change model revealed that levels and changes in identity consolidation were negatively associated with levels and changes in psychosocial problems. Furthermore, a bi-factor cross-lagged effects model provided evidence that identity consolidation negatively predicted psychosocial problems, and vice versa. Our study facilitates a better understanding of the importance of identity consolidation in the relations between identity components and psychosocial problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Hatano
- Development Center for Higher Education, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai City, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan.
| | - Kazumi Sugimura
- Department of Psychology, Graduate School of Education, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Seth J Schwartz
- Public Health Sciences at the University of Miami, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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Gonzales NA, Liu Y, Jensen M, Tein JY, White RM, Deardorff J. Externalizing and internalizing pathways to Mexican American adolescents' risk taking. Dev Psychopathol 2017; 29:1371-1390. [PMID: 28367763 PMCID: PMC5575951 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579417000323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This study used four waves of data from a longitudinal study of 749 Mexican origin youths to test a developmental cascades model linking contextual adversity in the family and peer domains in late childhood to a sequence of unfolding processes hypothesized to predict problem substance use and risky sexual activity (greater number of sex partners) in late adolescence. Externalizing and internalizing problems were tested as divergent pathways, with youth-reported and mother-reported symptoms examined in separate models. Youth gender, nativity, and cultural orientation were tested as moderators. Family risk, peer social rejection, and their interaction were prospectively related to externalizing symptoms and deviant peer involvement, although family risk showed stronger effects on parent-reported externalizing and peer social rejection showed stronger effects on youth-reported externalizing. Externalizing symptoms and deviant peers were related, in turn, to risk taking in late adolescence, including problem alcohol-substance use and number of sexual partners. Peer social rejection predicted youth-reported internalizing symptoms, and internalizing was related, in turn, to problem alcohol and substance use in late adolescence. Tests of moderation showed some of these developmental cascades were stronger for adolescents who were female, less oriented to mainstream cultural values, and more oriented to Mexican American cultural values.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Psychological, Health, and Learning Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX
| | | | - Jenn Yun Tein
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
| | - Rebecca M.B. White
- T. Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
| | - Julianna Deardorff
- School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California
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Martinez MJ, Huang S, Estrada Y, Sutton MY, Prado G. The Relationship Between Acculturation, Ecodevelopment, and Substance Use Among Hispanic Adolescents. THE JOURNAL OF EARLY ADOLESCENCE 2017; 37:948-974. [PMID: 28798506 PMCID: PMC5548136 DOI: 10.1177/0272431616636228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Using structural equation modeling, we examined the relationship of Hispanicism on recent substance use and whether Americanism moderated the effect in a sample of 1,141 Hispanic adolescents. The Bicultural Involvement Questionnaire (BIQ) was used to determine the degree of individual comfort in both Hispanic (Hispanicism) and American (Americanism) cultures. Hispanicism was associated with greater family functioning (β = 0.36, p < .05) and school bonding (β = 0.31, p < .01); Americanism moderated the effect of Hispanicism on substance use (β = 0.92, p < .01). Findings suggest that Hispanic culture was protective against substance use, however those effects differed depending on level of Americanism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shi Huang
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University
| | | | - Madeline Y. Sutton
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Guillermo Prado
- Center for Family Studies, University of Miami
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami
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Hsieh HF, Heinze JE, Aiyer SM, Stoddard SA, Wang JL, Zimmerman MA. Cross-domain influences on youth risky driving behaviors: A developmental cascade analysis. JOURNAL OF APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2015; 38:11-21. [PMID: 25960589 PMCID: PMC4422109 DOI: 10.1016/j.appdev.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We apply a developmental cascade approach to study the longitudinal, cross-domain effects of negative family influence, deviant peer associations, and individual substance use on risky driving among a sample of low-income African American youth. Participants (N = 681) were followed from age 16 to age 21. Using structural equation modeling, we examined conceptual models of pathways to risky driving. Results indicated strong associations between domains within time points among negative family environment, deviant peer associations, individual substance use, and risky driving. Deviant peer associations were related to future risky driving. Alcohol and marijuana use also predicted later deviant peer relationships. The pathways were observed both between age 16 and 18 and between age 18 and 21. Consistent with the cascade hypotheses, we found that risks in one domain manifested as risks in the same domain across time in addition to spreading to other domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsing-Fang Hsieh
- School of Public Health, a University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Justin E Heinze
- School of Public Health, a University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sophie M Aiyer
- School of Public Health, a University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sarah A Stoddard
- School of Public Health, a University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jin-Liang Wang
- Center for Mental Health Education, School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Marc A Zimmerman
- School of Public Health, a University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Oshri A, Schwartz SJ, Unger JB, Kwon JA, Des Rosiers SE, Baezconde-Garbanati L, Lorenzo-Blanco EI, Córdova D, Soto DW, Lizzi KM, Villamar JA, Szapocznik J. Bicultural stress, identity formation, and alcohol expectancies and misuse in Hispanic adolescents: a developmental approach. J Youth Adolesc 2014; 43:2054-68. [PMID: 25218395 PMCID: PMC11132805 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-014-0171-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Hispanic immigrant youth engage in increased health risk behaviors, such as alcohol misuse, due in part to being confronted with acculturative stress in addition to facing major normative developmental challenges, such as identity consolidation (Berry et al. in Appl Psychol 55:303-332, 2006). Using a developmental psychopathology framework, in the present study we examined the effect of bicultural stress on alcohol misuse among immigrated Hispanic adolescents, indirectly through trajectories of identity formation and alcohol expectancies. Our sample consisted of 302 recently immigrated Hispanic adolescents (53 % male; Mage = 14.5 at baseline) who were interviewed every 6 months for 3 years. Bivariate growth curve modeling was used to examine the influence of initial early bicultural stress on later alcohol misuse via change in identity development (i.e., coherence and confusion) and subsequent growth in cognitive alcohol expectancies. Findings revealed that initial levels and growth of identity coherence were not significantly associated with either bicultural stress or tension reduction (TR) alcohol expectancies. Multiple mediation analyses indicated that the effect of bicultural stress at time 1 on the frequency of being drunk at time 6 was mediated via high initial levels of identity confusion, followed by growth in risky TR expectancies (T4-T6). A developmental approach to the genesis of alcohol use problems in immigrant youth is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assaf Oshri
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, University of Georgia, 208 Family Science Center (House A), 403 Sanford Dr., Athens, GA, 30602, USA,
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10
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Kassab VA, Acevedo-Polakovich ID, Grzybowski MM, Stout S, Richards AE, Barnett ML, Guerra-Morales A, Bell KM, Crider EA, Beck KL, Brookins-Fisher J, Alfaro M, Saxena SR. Views on sex and sex education among gang-involved Latino youth in the United States. QUALITATIVE HEALTH RESEARCH 2014; 24:654-664. [PMID: 24705683 DOI: 10.1177/1049732314529188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Although gang-involved Latino youth in the United States are uniquely at risk of adverse consequences from sexual behavior, little research is available that can guide those who wish to develop interventions to reduce sexual risk among these youth. To facilitate the development of effective interventions, we identified cultural and contextual factors that influence sexual behavior and sex education among gang-involved Latino youth in one U.S. community. By analyzing transcripts from interviews and focus groups with three different groups of key stakeholders--gang-experienced Latino youth, the parents of gang-experienced Latino youth, and the personnel of a program providing comprehensive human services for gang-involved Latino youth--we identified three domains to be considered in developing sexual risk-reduction interventions for gang-involved U.S. Latino youth. The focus of our discussion is on the implications of these findings for future development or adaptation of interventions.
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Carter J, Berman SL, Marsee MA, Weems CF. Identity Exploration, Commitment, and Existential Anxiety as Predictors of the Forms and Functions of Aggression. IDENTITY 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/15283488.2013.780975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Hardy SA, Francis SW, Zamboanga BL, Kim SY, Anderson SG, Forthun LF. The roles of identity formation and moral identity in college student mental health, health-risk behaviors, and psychological well-being. J Clin Psychol 2013; 69:364-82. [PMID: 23044630 PMCID: PMC7871525 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.21913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examined the roles of identity formation and moral identity in predicting college student mental health (anxiety and depressive symptoms), health-risk behaviors (hazardous alcohol use and sexual risk taking), and psychological well-being (self-esteem and meaning). METHOD The sample comprised 9,500 college students (aged 18-25 years, mean = 19.78, standard deviation = 1.61; 73% female; 62% European American), from 31 different universities, who completed an online self-report survey. RESULTS Structural equation models found that identity maturity (commitment making and identity synthesis) predicted 5 of the health outcomes (except sexual risk taking), and moral identity predicted all of the health outcomes. In most cases identity maturity and moral identity also interacted in predicting mental health and psychological well-being, but not health-risk behaviors. CONCLUSIONS The maturity and specific contents of identity may both play unique and often interactive roles in predicting college student health. Thus, college student health might be bolstered by helping them establish appropriate identity commitments.
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Risks, Assets, and Negative Health Behaviors Among Arkansas’ Hispanic Adolescents. HISPANIC JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/0739986313479574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the relationship between risk, assets, and negative health behaviors among a large sample of Hispanic adolescents. Data were collected from over 1,000 Hispanic youth in grades 6, 8, 10, and 12 attending school in a moderate size school district in Northwest Arkansas. Logistic regression models examined the variation in the odds of youth engaging in negative health behaviors (antisocial or drug use). Within the context of a risk-assets framework, depressive symptomatology, negative peer networks, and community disorganization were related to higher odds of engaging in negative behavior. Knowing the difference between right and wrong—having some sense of a moral order—and having parents who exerted some control (curfew, etc.) were important assets lowering the odds of engaging in negative behavior. Risks and assets help to explain negative health behaviors among Hispanic youth not unlike their non-Hispanic counterparts. The findings in this article reemphasize the need for continued focus on special populations and the framework for understanding risk behaviors.
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Harper GW, Fernandez IM, Bruce D, Hosek SG, Jacobs RJ. The role of multiple identities in adherence to medical appointments among gay/bisexual male adolescents living with HIV. AIDS Behav 2013; 17:213-23. [PMID: 22041930 PMCID: PMC3367130 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-011-0071-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Adolescents living with HIV require engagement with care providers in order to access the critical medical and psychosocial services they need. The current study sought to explore developmental determinants of adherence to medical appointments as one aspect of engagement in care among a geographically diverse sample of 200 gay/bisexual male adolescents (16-24 years) living with HIV, with a specific focus on ethnic identity, sexual orientation identity, and identity as a young man living with HIV. Ethnic identity affirmation (OR = 0.6; 95% CI: 0.3, 0.9), morality of homosexuality (OR = 1.7; 95% CI: 1.2, 2.5), and HIV-positive identity salience (OR = 1.5; 95% CI: 0.9, 2.4) were associated with significantly higher risk for missed appointments in the past 3 months. These findings highlight the importance of attending to developmental factors, such as the development of multiple identities, when attempting to increase engagement in care for gay/bisexual male adolescents living with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary W Harper
- Department of Psychology, DePaul University, Room 420, Chicago, IL 60614, USA.
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Dufur MJ, Parcel TL, McKune BA. Does Capital at Home Matter More Than Capital at School? The Case of Adolescent Alcohol and Marijuana Use. JOURNAL OF DRUG ISSUES 2012. [DOI: 10.1177/0022042612462220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Following Coleman’s analysis of social capital, the norms that discourage adolescent substance use should be more successfully transmitted to young people who enjoy greater stores of social capital. We hypothesize that youth derive social capital from their families and from their schools, and test whether higher levels of capital from each context are influential in resisting substance use and abuse. Using data from the National Educational Longitudinal Study of 1988, we show that social capital in the family is helpful in protecting adolescents from using alcohol and marijuana, whereas social capital built at school has essentially no effect on the same outcomes. We discuss the implications of these findings for future research on social capital as well as for policy interventions using schools as sites to discourage adolescent drug use.
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Vaughan EL, Kratz L, d'Argent J. Academics and substance use among Latino adolescents: results from a national study. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2011; 10:147-61. [PMID: 21678147 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2011.573315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the relationship between academic factors and past-year alcohol, cigarette, and marijuana use in an adolescent sample of Latinos. Secondary data analysis was conducted using a subsample of Latino adolescents (N=2,593) from the 2006 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. School connectedness and parental involvement in school were protective across all substances. Fighting in school increased the risk for use of all substances, and failing grades increased the risk for alcohol and marijuana use. Implications for prevention include the development of prevention programs that aim to increase students' connection to school and increase parental involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen L Vaughan
- Department of Counseling and Educational Psychology, Indiana University, 201 N. Rose Avenue, Room 4054, Bloomington, IN 47405-1006, USA.
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Schwartz SJ, Weisskirch RS, Zamboanga BL, Castillo LG, Ham LS, Huynh QL, Park IJK, Donovan R, Kim SY, Vernon M, Davis MJ, Cano MA. Dimensions of acculturation: associations with health risk behaviors among college students from immigrant families. J Couns Psychol 2011; 58:27-41. [PMID: 21171742 PMCID: PMC7896485 DOI: 10.1037/a0021356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we examined a bidimensional model of acculturation (which includes both heritage and U.S. practices, values, and identifications) in relation to hazardous alcohol use, illicit drug use, unsafe sexual behavior, and impaired driving. A sample of 3,251 first- and second-generation immigrant students from 30 U.S. colleges and universities completed measures of behavioral acculturation; cultural values (individualism, collectivism, and self-construal); ethnic and U.S. identity; and patterns of alcohol and drug use, engagement in potentially unsafe sexual activities, and driving while (or riding with a driver who was) intoxicated. Results indicate that heritage practices and collectivist values were generally protective against health risk behaviors, with collectivist values most strongly and consistently protective. Nonetheless, heritage identifications were positively associated with sexual risk taking for Hispanics. U.S. practices, values, and identifications were not consistently related to risk behavior participation. Results are discussed in terms of bidimensional approaches to acculturation, the immigrant paradox, and implications for counseling practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth J Schwartz
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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Lac A, Unger JB, Basáñez T, Ritt-Olson A, Soto DW, Baezconde-Garbanati L. Marijuana use among Latino adolescents: gender differences in protective familial factors. Subst Use Misuse 2010; 46:644-55. [PMID: 20977294 PMCID: PMC3753174 DOI: 10.3109/10826084.2010.528121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Given the important contextual function of family dynamics and traditional gender roles in Latino cultures, parental influences on substance use among Latino adolescents may differ across genders. This study examined associations between family factors (parental monitoring, parent-child communication, family cohesion, and familism) and marijuana use among 1,369 Latino adolescents in Southern California. Students from seven schools completed surveys in 9th and 11th grades. Longitudinal hierarchical linear regression analyses evaluated the associations between family factors in 9th grade and lifetime marijuana use in 11th grade, as well as gender differences in these associations. Girls reported higher levels of parental monitoring, parental communication, and familism than boys did, but there were no gender differences in family cohesiveness. In a regression model controlling for covariates and previous marijuana use, parent-child communication and family cohesion in 9th grade were each uniquely predictive of lower levels of marijuana consumption in 11th grade. Gender was a statistical moderator, such that higher levels of parent-child communication predicted lower marijuana use among boys, whereas girls' use was relatively low regardless of parent-child communication levels. Results are discussed in the light of the concurrent socialization processes of family and gender in Latino culture and its relation to preventing delinquent behaviors such as marijuana use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Lac
- Department of Psychology, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, California, USA
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Abstract
The rapidly changing demographic landscape of the United States, brought about by immigration, has resulted in an increasingly multiracial and multicultural population. These changes have become accentuated by the phenomenon of globalization, which occurs when there is an acceleration of movement of people, ideas, and products between nations, which also brings about an increase in the complexity of everyday problems. This article discusses the concept of identity formation and how the stresses of immigration and acculturation and the factors of resiliency and risk affect immigrant children, adolescents, and their families, so that clinicians treating these populations can be prepared to understand divergent, and often well-hidden, world views, which may cause intrafamilial conflicts and interfere with the child's developmental process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio M Rothe
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.
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20
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Mednick SC, Christakis NA, Fowler JH. The spread of sleep loss influences drug use in adolescent social networks. PLoS One 2010; 5:e9775. [PMID: 20333306 PMCID: PMC2841645 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0009775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2010] [Accepted: 02/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Troubled sleep is a commonly cited consequence of adolescent drug use, but it has rarely been studied as a cause. Nor have there been any studies of the extent to which sleep behavior can spread in social networks from person to person to person. Here we map the social networks of 8,349 adolescents in order to study how sleep behavior spreads, how drug use behavior spreads, and how a friend's sleep behavior influences one's own drug use. We find clusters of poor sleep behavior and drug use that extend up to four degrees of separation (to one's friends' friends' friends' friends) in the social network. Prospective regression models show that being central in the network negatively influences future sleep outcomes, but not vice versa. Moreover, if a friend sleeps =7 hours, it increases the likelihood a person sleeps < or =7 hours by 11%. If a friend uses marijuana, it increases the likelihood of marijuana use by 110%. Finally, the likelihood that an individual uses drugs increases by 19% when a friend sleeps < or =7 hours, and a mediation analysis shows that 20% of this effect results from the spread of sleep behavior from one person to another. This is the first study to suggest that the spread of one behavior in social networks influences the spread of another. The results indicate that interventions should focus on healthy sleep to prevent drug use and targeting specific individuals may improve outcomes across the entire social network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara C Mednick
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America.
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