1
|
Schiera M, Faraci F, Mannino G, Vantaggiato L. The impact of the pandemic on psychophysical well-being and quality of learning in the growth of adolescents (aged 11-13): a systematic review of the literature with a PRISMA method. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1384388. [PMID: 39377052 PMCID: PMC11457576 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1384388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 10/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study examines the social impact and psychological effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the growth of adolescents students, aged 11-13, on well-being and learning. Methods Said review, therefore, will consider all the report of scientific works published since 2020 on the following platforms: SCOPUS, PsycoInfo, and Web of Science. Specifically, the research has selected all studies concerning students aged 11-13. Furthermore, the authors have restricted the scope of the study to two fundamental aspects of the above-mentioned subjects, such as their physical and psychological well-being and didactic learning following the COVID-19 pandemic. The justification for choosing such themes lies in the fact that the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and the ensuing measures adopted to curb its spread have had -and very likely will continue having- sizable repercussions in the life of each individual, especially in students considered, whose psychological and physical well-being has been considerably affected. Results In particular, during the peak of the pandemic and its subsequent phases, the various measures issued to limit contagion have completely compromised and disregarded the rights of children and youngsters. Suddenly, leisure, sport, play, relations, and socialization disappeared from their lives. Besides, in the early stages of the pandemic, remote teaching replaced face-to-face teaching, later to become an intermittent system in the red- and orange-labelled areas of the country. Consequently, such measures have severely limited opportunities for learning, growth, curiosity and creating relationships that are typical of both a school and outside environment. Concerning the well-being of the subjects considered, a review of the target literature indicates a wide range of psychological and physical disorders, such as malaise, eating and sleep disorders, addiction to games, internet, alcohol, and drugs. For what regards, instead, the realm of learning, most studies highlight a diminished school performance as the main implication of remote teaching. Furthermore, a remarkable number of studies reveals substantial social inequalities; specifically, students coming from middle class families have managed to maintain higher quality educational standards in a critical context such as the pandemic, while those students coming from socially disadvantaged families have had fewer learning opportunities both in terms of time and range of experiences (due to lack of electronic devices, Internet connectivity, homework, continuity of after-school activities). In summary, if the school system pre-COVID-19 already presented significant limitations in its ability to reduce existing social inequalities, school closures during lockdowns pose enormous challenges in developing effective policies to compensate learning losses and inequalities. Discussion Therefore, based on the results shown, the necessity arises of an emergency plan with social and educational objectives to restore those social, emotional, and cognitive abilities that are compromised. In general, it is the responsibility of countries and governments to guarantee the right to education in these difficult times, while avoiding any type of inequalities and establishing a digital learning system, that allows to face situations such as those generated by the Coronavirus, thus preventing those situations of serious anxiety and stress that have affected most subjects.
Collapse
|
2
|
Nania C, Noyek SE, Soltani S, Katz J, Fales JL, Birnie KA, Orr SL, McMorris CA, Noel M. Peer Victimization, Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms, and Chronic Pain: A Longitudinal Examination. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2024; 25:104534. [PMID: 38615800 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2024.104534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Chronic pain and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms (PTSS) co-occur at high rates in youth and are linked to worse pain outcomes and quality of life. While peer victimization has been posited as a mechanism underlying the PTSS-pain relationship in youth, empirical evidence suggests that it may exacerbate both PTSS and pain. The present study aimed to longitudinally examine PTSS as a mediator in the relationship between peer victimization at baseline and pain-related outcomes at 3 months in youth with chronic pain. Participants included 182 youth aged 10 to 18 years recruited from a tertiary-level children's hospital in Western Canada. At baseline, participants completed measures to assess pain (intensity and interference), peer victimization (relational and overt), and PTSS. The pain was reassessed at a 3-month follow-up. Primary hypotheses were tested utilizing a series of mediation analyses with PTSS as a proposed mediator in the associations between peer victimization and pain outcomes. Youth PTSS mediated the relationship between higher baseline relational victimization and higher 3-month pain interference while controlling for baseline pain interference. Three-month pain intensity was not correlated with peer victimization; thus, pain intensity was not included in the analyses. These findings reveal that PTSS may be an underlying factor in the co-occurrence of peer victimization and chronic pain in youth. Further research is needed to better understand the role of peer victimization in the maintenance of chronic pain to ensure appropriate, effective, and timely interventions that address the social and mental health issues impacting the lives of these youth as well as their pain. PERSPECTIVE: PTSS may be an underlying factor in the co-occurrence between peer victimization and chronic pain in youth, highlighting the need to assess for both peer relationship problems and PTSS in youth with chronic pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cara Nania
- School and Applied Child Psychology, Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Samantha E Noyek
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sabine Soltani
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Joel Katz
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jessica L Fales
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University, Vancouver, Washington
| | - Kathryn A Birnie
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Serena L Orr
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Departments of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Carly A McMorris
- School and Applied Child Psychology, Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Departments of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Melanie Noel
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dragone M, Colella A, Esposito C, Bacchini D. Exploring the effect of environmental sensitivity on emotional fluctuations among adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic: a three-wave longitudinal study. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1443054. [PMID: 39105152 PMCID: PMC11298977 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1443054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted the emotional well-being of adolescents worldwide. Some studies suggested that individuals with high Environmental Sensitivity may have been more likely to experience poor psychological adjustment during the pandemic than those with lower sensitivity. However, there is still limited research on how emotional responses varied across different stages of the pandemic and whether Environmental Sensitivity increased adolescents' vulnerability to the psychological impact of prolonged pandemic restrictions. Methods To address this gap, this study used a three-year longitudinal design (2020-2022) with a sample of 453 adolescents. They completed an online survey measuring their positive and negative emotions throughout the pandemic period, with Environmental Sensitivity considered a time-invariant covariate. Results The results revealed that all participants, regardless of their level of Environmental Sensitivity, experienced a decrease in positive emotionality between the first and second years. However, this trend reversed, showing an increase between the second and third years. Regarding negative emotions, highly sensitive adolescents experienced a significant linear increase over time. In contrast, low-and medium-sensitive adolescents exhibited a quadratic trend, with a notable increase in negative emotions between the first and second years, followed by a slight decrease between the second and third years. Discussion These findings provide further evidence of the negative impact of the pandemic on adolescents' emotional well-being. They also support the notion that Environmental Sensitivity is associated with individuals' ability to respond and adjust to adverse life events, with significant implications for future research and practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mirella Dragone
- Faculty of Law, Giustino Fortunato University, Benevento, Italy
| | - Alessandra Colella
- Department of Humanities, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Concetta Esposito
- Department of Humanities, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Dario Bacchini
- Department of Humanities, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sun J, Meng H, Hu J. Commentary: Repertoire construction for critical cross-cultural literacy of English majors: based on the research paradigm of systemic functional linguistics. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1230324. [PMID: 38919801 PMCID: PMC11197990 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1230324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Sun
- College of International Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Haohan Meng
- College of International Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Hu
- Institute of Education, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bilodeau-Houle A, Raymond C, Marin MF. It's all in the hair: Association between changes in hair cortisol concentrations in reaction to the COVID-19 pandemic and post-traumatic stress symptoms in children over time. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2024; 164:107019. [PMID: 38518705 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2024.107019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
After exposure to a stressful/traumatic event, some individuals will develop post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). In adults, low cortisol levels appear to be a risk factor for the development of PTSS. Indeed, both lower pre-trauma cortisol levels and low cortisol levels in the aftermath of a traumatic event have been associated with greater PTSS. In contrast, studies conducted in children showed that elevated cortisol levels shortly after trauma exposure are associated with more severe post-traumatic stress symptomatology. The few studies that have examined how pre-trauma cortisol levels predict PTSS in children have found no effect. Given that a pandemic can induce PTSS in certain individuals, we investigated whether cortisol secretion prior to and in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in Quebec (Canada) predicted PTSS in children. In June 2020, we collected a hair sample from 71 children (8-15 y/o, M = 11.65; 54.93% girls) without a history of psychopathology or exposure to previous traumatic events. Hair samples allowed us to derive cumulative measures of cortisol levels for the months prior to (from mid-December 2019 to mid-March 2020) and at the beginning of the pandemic (from mid-March 2020 to mid-June 2020). PTSS were assessed every 3 months between June 2020 (T1) and March 2021 (T4). The results showed that a greater increase in hair cortisol at the beginning of the pandemic predicted less PTSS at T1, with an increase in these symptoms over time. This study highlights the utility of using hair cortisol during future chronic stressful events to better understand its association with the evolution of distress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexe Bilodeau-Houle
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H2X 3P2, Canada; Research Center of the Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H1N 3V2, Canada
| | - Catherine Raymond
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H2X 3P2, Canada; Research Center of the Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H1N 3V2, Canada
| | - Marie-France Marin
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H2X 3P2, Canada; Research Center of the Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H1N 3V2, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Patte KA, Gohari MR, Faulkner G, Bélanger RE, Leatherdale ST. Inequitable Changes in School Connectedness During the Ongoing COVID-19 Pandemic in a Cohort of Canadian Adolescents. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2024; 94:509-518. [PMID: 38373417 DOI: 10.1111/josh.13443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We examined whether subgroups of adolescents experienced disparate changes in school connectedness-a robust predictor of multiple health outcomes-from before the COVID-19 pandemic to the first full school year following pandemic onset. METHODS We used 2 waves of prospective survey data from 7178 students attending 41 Canadian secondary schools that participated during the 2019-2020 (T1; pre-COVID-19 onset) and 2020-2021 (T2; ongoing pandemic) school years. Fixed effects analyses tested differences in school connectedness changes by gender, race, bullying victimization, socioeconomic position, and school learning mode. RESULTS Relatively greater declines in school connectedness were reported by students that identified as females, were bullied, perceived their family to be less financially comfortable than their classmates, and attended schools in lower income areas. Marginally greater school connectedness declines resulted among students attending schools that were fully online at T2 than those at schools using a blended model. CONCLUSION Results point to disparate school connectedness declines during the pandemic, which may exacerbate pre-existing health inequities by gender and socioeconomic position, and among bullied youth. IMPLICATIONS FOR SCHOOL HEALTH POLICY, PRACTICE, AND EQUITY Effective strategies to improve school climates for equity denied groups are critical for pandemic recovery and preparedness for future related events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen A Patte
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Mahmood R Gohari
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Guy Faulkner
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Lower Mall Research Station Room 337, 2259 Lower Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V6T 1Z3
| | - Richard E Bélanger
- Projet COMPASS-Québec, VITAM-Centre de recherche en santé durable de l'Université Laval, 2480 chemin de la Canardière, Quebec City, QC, Canada, G1J 2G1
- Departement of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medecine-Université Laval, Ferdinand Vandry Pavillon, 1050 Avenue de la Médecine, Quebec City, QC, Canada, G1V 0A6
| | - Scott T Leatherdale
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu L. The direct and indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of confined youth. HEALTH & JUSTICE 2024; 12:14. [PMID: 38589594 PMCID: PMC11003086 DOI: 10.1186/s40352-024-00267-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic posed an unprecedented threat to the mental health of youth due to its attendant, drastic changes in everyday life brought about by restrictions such as social distancing and the cancelation of in-person classes. Although numerous articles have discussed the impact of the pandemic on youths' mental health, most of them have been opinion pieces. This study used state-wide empirical data to quantify the direct and indirect effect of the pandemic on the mental health of confined youth, a vulnerable social group that is rarely represented in school survey data. Group comparisons of youth who entered juvenile justice facilities during pandemic and non-pandemic times were also conducted. Findings revealed that youth who entered residential facilities during the pandemic due to criminal offenses had higher rates of prior mental health problems and victimization. With major confounders controlled, multivariate regression results showed that the impact of the pandemic on confined youths' mental health is indirect: it conditioned the effect of underage drinking on the youths' mental health. Youth who were admitted into facilities during the pandemic were more likely to experience mental health problems than their peers who entered facilities during non-pandemic times. Implications for policymaking are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liu
- Department of Sociology and Criminology & Law, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ran MS, Wang C, Cai J, Deng ZY, Mu YF, Huang Y, Zhang W, Song HJ, Deng AP, Qiu CJ, Shen WW, Chen Y, Zhang L, Meng XD, Huang XH, Chen T, Meng YJ, Chen J, Liu T, Li B, Long J, Liu B, Gao R, Chen XC, Liu GL. The mutual overlapping impact of stress and infection on mental health problems in adolescents and youths during and after COVID-19 pandemic in China. J Affect Disord 2024; 347:500-508. [PMID: 38065477 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unclear about the mutual impact of COVID-19 related psychological stress and infection on mental health of adolescent and youth students. This study aimed to explore the mutual impact of COVID-19 related psychological stress and infection on mental health problems among students. METHODS This study was conducted from December 14, 2022 to February 28, 2023 in Sichuan, China. Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, PTSD Checklist for DSM-5, Insomnia Severity Index, and Internet Addiction Test were used. Participants were grouped by COVID-19 infection and psychological stress level. The differences among groups were compared, and logistic regression analysis was used to investigate risk factors for depression, anxiety, PTSD and insomnia among groups. RESULTS Of 90,118 participants, 82,873 (92.0 %) finished the questionnaires and were included in the study. Of 82,873 participants, 33,314 (40.2 %) reported to be infected with COVID-19. Participants had depression symptoms (38.1 %), anxiety symptoms (31.8 %), PTSD (33.9 %), insomnia (34.0 %), and internet addiction (60.3 %). Compared with participants uninfected with low psychological stress level, the risk for symptoms of depression, anxiety, PTSD and insomnia increased by 9.6 %, 12.3 %, 6.6 %, and 12.0 % in participants infected with low psychological stress level (p < 0.001), 106.8 %, 125.9 %, 125.2 %, and 95.7 % in participants uninfected with high psychological stress level (p < 0.001), and 147.3 %, 161.1 %, 158.7 %, and 141.0 % in participants infected with high psychological stress level (p < 0.001). LIMITATION This study is a cross-sectional design, and no causal associations should be inferred. Infection status was based on self-report of participants with infectious symptoms. CONCLUSION COVID-19 related psychological stress and infection per se have mutually overlapping impacts on mental health problems among students. Further health policies and psychosocial interventions should be developed to reduce mutually overlapping impact and improve the long-term mental health among students.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mao-Sheng Ran
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Psychiatric Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
| | - Cong Wang
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Psychiatric Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Jia Cai
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Psychiatric Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Zhong-Yue Deng
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Psychiatric Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yun-Fei Mu
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Psychiatric Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Hong-Jun Song
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Outpatient Department, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Ai-Ping Deng
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Outpatient Department, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Chang-Jian Qiu
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Wen-Wu Shen
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yan Chen
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xian-Dong Meng
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xue-Hua Huang
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Ya-Jing Meng
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Jin Chen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Bin Li
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Jiang Long
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Jingzhou Mental Health Center, Jingzhou, Hubei 434000, China
| | - Ru Gao
- Wenjiang People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610037, China
| | - Xiao-Chuan Chen
- Ya'an Fourth People's Hospital, Ya'an, Sichuan 625000, China
| | - Ge-Ling Liu
- West China Health School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Huang W, Wen X, Li Y, Luo C. Association of perceived stress and sleep quality among medical students: the mediating role of anxiety and depression symptoms during COVID-19. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1272486. [PMID: 38304285 PMCID: PMC10830648 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1272486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 has intensified the influence on medical students by changing the lifestyle, online study and clinical practice which bring out series of stress, sleep disturbance and mental health problems. This cross-sectional study aim to explore the association between perceived stress and sleep quality among medical students and investigated whether anxiety and depression mediated this association during pandemic. A total of 1,021 medical students in two universities who were from Guangdong Province, China participated this study and from January to September 2020 through the online question are, with 28.80% reporting sleep disturbances. The medical students were finished various self-reported questionnaires, including the Perceived Stress Scale-10, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 Scale, and Patient Health Questionnaire-9, the study found positive correlations among sleep quality, perceived stress, anxiety, and depression. The data was analyzed with The Amos 26.0 system. Result demonstrated that perceived stress was associated with poor sleep quality. Anxiety and depression partially mediated the association between perceived stress and poor sleep quality, explaining 73.08% of the association. This study's structural equation model offers a useful framework for assessing mechanisms mediating associations between perceived stress and sleep quality. The findings emphases the importance of addressing psychological factors in high-pressure situations, which can exacerbate sleep disturbances among medical students. It is important to screen the level of stress, mental health problems and investigate the risk factors of sleep quality among medical students during emergency public health events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wanmin Huang
- Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- School of Nursing, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueke Wen
- School of Nursing, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunjia Li
- School of Nursing, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunliu Luo
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chang WY, Wang X, Guo DS, Nguyen LHP, Tran NH, Yang SJ, Lin HZ, Wu HC, Huang CF. Explore the effects of forest travel activities on university students' stress affection. Front Psychol 2024; 14:1240499. [PMID: 38268801 PMCID: PMC10806104 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1240499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aims to explore the effects of forest travel activities on university students' stress affection. Forty volunteer university students participated in this study. All participants were asked to complete physiological (Heart Rate Variability) and psychological (Brief Profile of Mood State and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) tests before and after the travel activities. The results reported that students' heart rates were significantly lower after the forest travel activities than before. All domains of negative mood and anxiety decreased from the pre-test to the post-test. This study found that university students could feel less stressed if they went on forest travel activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yin Chang
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, China
| | - De-Sheng Guo
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, China
| | - Lam-Huu-Phuoc Nguyen
- Graduate Institute of Science Education and Environmental Education, National Kaohsiung Normal University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ngoc-Huy Tran
- Graduate Institute of Science Education and Environmental Education, National Kaohsiung Normal University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shuai-Jie Yang
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, China
| | - Hui-Zhong Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hsiu-Chen Wu
- Department of Food and Beverage Management, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Fei Huang
- Graduate Institute of Science Education and Environmental Education, National Kaohsiung Normal University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Aryal R, Rajbanshi M, Pokhrel S, Regmi S, Mali P, Baskota S. Help-seeking behaviour towards anxiety among undergraduate students of Nepal: a web-based cross-sectional study. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2024; 86:146-152. [PMID: 38222717 PMCID: PMC10783325 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000001568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Stigma among mental disorders like anxiety has been identified as an important barrier in help-seeking by national policymakers. Anxiety disorders are quite common among college students, and their severity and prevalence are growing. This study aimed to assess help-seeking behavior (HSB) towards anxiety among undergraduate students of Kathmandu University (KU). Methodology A web-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 422 undergraduate students. General Help-Seeking Questionnaire (GHSQ) tool was used to assess HSB. Frequencies, percentages, mean, and Standard Deviation were calculated to assess the characteristics of the participants. Factors associated with HSB were examined using Chi-Square test. Pearson correlation was determined to find out the association between professional and informal sources for seeking help. All the tests were carried out at the statistically significant level at a P-value of 0.05. Results The mean (±SD) age was 20.3±1.1 years in this study. This study demonstrated that 36.5 and 17.5% of the participants were extremely likely to seek help from parents and psychiatrists towards anxiety, respectively. Sex (OR=1.5, 95% CI: 1.0-1.3) was significantly associated with parents, education was significantly associated with parents (OR=0.4, 95% CI: 0.2-0.6), and friends (OR=0.5, 95% CI: 0.3-0.9), meanwhile, ethnicity (OR=0.6, 95% CI: 0.4-0.9), and residence (OR=0.5, 95% CI: 0.3-0.8) were significantly associated with psychiatrists and psychologists for help-seeking behavior, respectively. Fear of criticism (34.1%) and stigma (20.3%) were the main reasons for not seeking help among the participants. The maximum number of participants (41.5%) preferred to seek help immediately if they ever experienced anxiety. This study showed professional and informal sources were positively correlated with anxiety (rpi=0.3) at a P-value <0.05. Conclusion This study showed that students preferred to seek help from informal sources rather than professional sources. In addition, there is still stigma and fear among students regarding mental health. This study suggests that there is a need to have psychosocial intervention at colleges and educational institutions in order to promote professional help-seeking for any mental disorders including anxiety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richa Aryal
- Department of Public Health, Om Health Campus, Purbanchal University, Nepal
| | - Manish Rajbanshi
- Central Department of Public Health, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Nepal
| | - Sushma Pokhrel
- Department of Public Health, Om Health Campus, Purbanchal University, Nepal
| | - Sushama Regmi
- Central Department of Psychology, Tribhuvan University, Nepal
| | - Prajita Mali
- Kathmandu University- School of Medical Sciences, Nepal
| | - Swechhya Baskota
- Department of Public Health, Om Health Campus, Purbanchal University, Nepal
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Patte KA, Battista K, Ferro MA, Bélanger RE, Wade TJ, Faulkner G, Pickett W, Riazi NA, Michaelson V, Carsley S, Leatherdale ST. School learning modes during the COVID-19 response and pre- to during pandemic mental health changes in a prospective cohort of Canadian adolescents. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2024; 59:137-150. [PMID: 37668673 PMCID: PMC10799804 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-023-02557-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Considerable debate centered on the impact of school closures and shifts to virtual learning on adolescent mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. We evaluated whether mental health changes differed by school learning modes during the pandemic response among Canadian adolescents and whether associations varied by gender and perceived home life. METHODS We used prospective survey data from 7270 adolescents attending 41 Canadian secondary schools. Conditional change linear mixed effects models were used to examine learning mode (virtual optional, virtual mandated, in-person, and blended) as a predictor of change in mental health scores (depression [Centre for Epidemiologic Studies - Depression], anxiety [Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7], and psychosocial well-being [Flourishing scale]), adjusting for baseline mental health and covariates. Gender and home life happiness were tested as moderators. Least square means were calculated across interaction groups. RESULTS Students learning in a blended learning mode had greater anxiety increases relative to their peers in other learning modes. Females learning fully in-person and males learning virtually when optional reported less of an increase in depression scores relative to their gender counterparts in other learning modes. Learning virtually when optional was associated with greater declines in psychosocial well-being in students without happy home lives relative to other learning modes. CONCLUSION Findings demonstrate the importance of considering gender and home environments as determinants of mental health over the pandemic response and when considering alternative learning modes. Further research is advised before implementing virtual and blended learning modes. Potential risks and benefits must be weighed in the context of a pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen A Patte
- Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, Niagara Region, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada.
| | - Katelyn Battista
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Mark A Ferro
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Richard E Bélanger
- Projet COMPASS-Québec, VITAM-Centre de recherche en santé durable de l'Université Laval, 2480 Chemin de La Canardière, Quebec City, QC, G1J 2G1, Canada
- Faculty of Medecine, Departement of Pediatrics, Université Laval, Ferdinand Vandry Pavillon, 1050 Avenue de La Médecine, Quebec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Terrance J Wade
- Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, Niagara Region, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Guy Faulkner
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Lower Mall Research Station Room 337, 2259 Lower Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - William Pickett
- Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, Niagara Region, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Negin A Riazi
- Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, Niagara Region, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Valerie Michaelson
- Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, Niagara Region, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Sarah Carsley
- Public Health Ontario, 661 University Avenue, Suite 1701, Toronto, ON, M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Scott T Leatherdale
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Arslan G. Strength-Based Parenting and Academic Motivation in Adolescents Returning to School After COVID-19 School Closure: Exploring the Effect of School Belonging and Strength Use. Psychol Rep 2023; 126:2940-2962. [PMID: 35574638 PMCID: PMC9111900 DOI: 10.1177/00332941221087915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to examine whether the level of strength-based parenting a student receives during remote learning affects their levels of academic motivation once returning to school. Additionally, the study sought to explore whether school belonging mediated the association between strength-based parenting and academic motivation and whether student strength use moderated this mediating relationship. The sample comprised of secondary school students who had recently returned back to campus, following a period of COVID-19 enforced remote learning (n = 404; age range: 11 to 18 years; M = 14.75, SD = 1.59; 50.2% female, and 3% non-/other gendered or declined to answer). Strength-based parenting had a significant predictive effect on student academic motivation with school belonging mediating the association between strength-based parenting and academic motivation. The mediating effect of school belonging on the association between strength-based parenting and academic motivation was moderated by strength use during remote learning. The results of the study are discussed using a positive education lens with implications for improving skills and strategies to foster positive student functioning in times of remote learning and crisis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gökmen Arslan
- Gökmen Arslan, Department of Psychological
Counseling and Guidance, Faculty of Education, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University in
Burdur, Burdur 15100, Turkey. or
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Herres J, Ortelli O, Rodriguez I, Onyewuenyi AC. Factors associated with perceived stress and depressive symptoms among college students during the COVID-19 pandemic. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023:1-12. [PMID: 38015144 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2023.2266039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic had detrimental effects on college students' psychosocial well-being due to campus closures starting in Spring 2020. This study examined changes in perceived stress and depressive symptoms before and during the pandemic using longitudinal data collected from students over the 2019-2020 academic year. We also compared data from this sample in Fall 2019 (N = 282) to data collected from another sample in Fall 2020 (N = 240). Latent change modeling showed increases in stress during Spring 2020. Additionally, the Fall 2020 sample had higher levels of stress than the Fall 2019 sample. Differences in stress and depressive symptoms did not depend on underrepresented minority (URM) status, income, gender, or membership in Greek life or other organizations. However, third- and fourth-year students and student-athletes experienced more stress during the pandemic. Findings suggest an adverse and differential impact of the pandemic on students' psychosocial well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Herres
- Department of Psychology, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ, USA
| | - Olivia Ortelli
- Department of Psychology, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ, USA
| | - Isabel Rodriguez
- Department of Psychology, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Qian L, McWeeny R, Shinkaruk C, Baxter A, Cao B, Greenshaw A, Silverstone P, Pazderka H, Wei Y. Child and youth mental health and wellbeing before and after returning to in-person learning in secondary schools in the context of COVID-19. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1212297. [PMID: 37727609 PMCID: PMC10506407 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1212297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background As children reintegrate with in-person classroom learning after COVID-19, health and education institutions should remain mindful of students' mental health. There is a paucity of data on changes in students' mental health before, during and after their return to in-person classroom learning. Methods We collected and analyzed data on self-reported wellbeing, general mental health, perceived stress, and help-seeking attitudes from grade 7-12 students in a Catholic school division in Canada (n = 258 at baseline; n = 132 at follow-up). Outcomes were compared according to demographic differences such as gender, grade level, experience accessing mental health services, and presence of support staff between baseline and follow-up. Effects of time points and each demographic variable on each outcome and on the prediction of students' mental health were also analyzed. Results No significant differences were apparent for outcomes between baseline and follow-up. However, specific subgroups: junior high students, male students, students who had not accessed mental health services, and students who had access to support-staff had better outcomes than their counterparts. From baseline to follow-up, male students reported mental health decline [Mean = 11.79, SD = 6.14; Mean = 16.29, SD = 7.47, F(1, 333) = 8.36, p < 0.01]; students who had not accessed mental health services demonstrated greater stress [Mean = 20.89, SD = 4.09; Mean = 22.28, SD = 2.24, F(1, 352) = 6.20, p < 0.05]; students who did not specify a binary gender reported improved general mental health [Mean = 19.87, SD = 5.89; Mean = 13.00, SD = 7.40, F(1, 333) = 8.70, p < 0.01], and students who did not have access to support-staff improved help-seeking attitudes [Mean = 22.32, SD = 4.62; Mean = 24.76, SD = 4.81; F(1, 346) = 5.80, p < 0.05]. At each time point, students indicated parents, guardians, and close friends as their most-preferred help-seeking sources. High stress predicted lower wellbeing at baseline, but higher wellbeing at follow-up. Conclusion Students presented stable mental health. Subgroups with decreased mental health may benefit from extra mental health support through building capacity among teachers and health care professionals to support students following public health emergencies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Qian
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Robert McWeeny
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Andrew Baxter
- Alberta Health Services Calgary Zone, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Bo Cao
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Andy Greenshaw
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Peter Silverstone
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Hannah Pazderka
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Yifeng Wei
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wright LJ, Veldhuijzen van Zanten JJCS, Williams SE. Examining the associations between physical activity, self-esteem, perceived stress, and internalizing symptoms among older adolescents. J Adolesc 2023; 95:1274-1287. [PMID: 37248071 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In older adolescence, stress has been found to be prevalent. It has been seen that higher physical activity (PA) relates to lower stress levels, which, in turn, relates to fewer anxiety and depressive symptoms (internalizing symptoms). However, how these associations function is not fully understood. PA is strongly associated with greater self-esteem in adolescents. As greater self-esteem is thought to aid better coping with stress and has been seen as beneficial for mental health in adolescents, PA may be associated with lower stress and better mental health through self-esteem and more adaptive stress appraisals. Therefore, the aim of the study was to examine the relationships between PA, self-esteem, stress, and mental health. METHODS A cross-sectional design was employed, and path analysis was implemented. PA, self-esteem, stress appraisals, distress tolerance, perceived stress, anxiety, and depression were assessed using online questionnaires from 244 adolescent participants from the United Kingdom (aged 15-19, M = 16.75 [SD = 0.82], 145 female). RESULTS Path analysis revealed that PA was associated with lower perceived stress through increased self-esteem, adaptive appraisals, and higher distress tolerance (total standardized indirect effect; p = .007 (-0.25 to -0.11). Moreover, lower perceived stress was associated with lower anxiety (standardized direct effect; p < .001 [2.65-4.0] and depressive symptoms (standardized direct effect; p < .001 [0.33-0.63]). CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that higher PA could be effective in improving mental health among older adolescents, due to its association with perceived stress through higher self-esteem and more adaptive appraisals of stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Wright
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jet J C S Veldhuijzen van Zanten
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sarah E Williams
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Burke PF, Schuck S, Kearney M. Teachers' Experiences of Emergency Remote Schooling During the Pandemic: Drivers for Student and Teacher Wellbeing. AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF EDUCATION 2023; 67:124-142. [PMID: 38602930 PMCID: PMC10113903 DOI: 10.1177/00049441231159666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
This article discusses findings from a recent survey (n = 297) of teachers' views of both their own and their students' experiences during the 2021 enforced emergency remote schooling period occurring in New South Wales Australia, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The quantitative analysis reported here explores teachers' views regarding teaching and learning during this challenging period. It identifies three latent constructs, learning, assessment, and interaction, and then uses structural equation modelling to identify the perceived impact of these constructs on student and teacher wellbeing. The remote schooling period had a significant negative impact for teachers and their students across a range of elements of teaching and learning, as well as wellbeing. Student learning experiences and their peer interactions were found to be strong predictors of students' wellbeing outcomes. Assessment design and teachers' feedback to students were significant in predicting levels of teacher wellbeing. Future research directions are also provided.
Collapse
|
18
|
Moss SJ, Racine N, Ahmed S, Birnie K, Cherak MS, Curran JA, Halperin D, Halperin SA, Harley M, Hu J, Leppan L, Nickel A, Russell K, Solis M, Smith S, Soo A, Stelfox M, Tutelman PR, Stelfox HT, Fiest KM, Parsons Leigh J. Codesigning a user-centred digital psychoeducational tool for youth mental well-being with families in Canada: study protocol for a sequential exploratory mixed methods study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e072533. [PMID: 37369410 PMCID: PMC10410808 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-072533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION On 11 March 2020, WHO declared the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) disease a global pandemic. Governments globally implemented physical distancing measures and closure of public institutions that resulted in varying implications to youth mental well-being (eg, social isolation, reduced extracurricular activities). These impacts may have detrimental short-term and long-term effects on youth mental well-being; care for youth with mental health disorders was already overstretched, underfunded and fragmented before the pandemic and youth are not often considered in mental health initiatives. There is a pressing need to partner with youth and families to target and improve youth mental well-being prior to the onset of a mental health disorder, as well as to conduct research on youth mental well-being needs related to pandemic recovery. Here we present a protocol for partnering with youth and families to codesign a user-centred digital tool for youth mental well-being. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We will conduct a national research study to develop a catalogue of recommendations specific to supporting youth mental well-being, and a digital tool to support youth mental well-being through three phases of work: (1) expert consultation on data related to supporting youth mental well-being existing within our Pandemic Preparedness Research Program; (2) codesign of an innovative digital tool for youth mental well-being; and (3) assessment of the tool's usability and acceptability. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study has been approved by the Dalhousie Research Ethics Board (2023-6538) and the Conjoint Health Research Ethics Board (23-0039). This study will complement ongoing foundational research in youth conducted by our team that involves partnering with youth and families to understand the unique implications of the pandemic on this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicole Racine
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sofia Ahmed
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kathryn Birnie
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michal S Cherak
- Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Janet A Curran
- Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Donna Halperin
- School of Nursing, St Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Scott A Halperin
- Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Micaela Harley
- Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Jia Hu
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Laura Leppan
- Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Angie Nickel
- Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Kristine Russell
- Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - May Solis
- Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Stacie Smith
- Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Andrea Soo
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Maia Stelfox
- Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Perri R Tutelman
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Kirsten M Fiest
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Deotto A, Fabiano GF, Chung BYT, Wade SL, Anagnostou E, Crosbie J, Kelley E, Nicolson R, Andrade BF, Miller SP, Williams TS. Stepping up to COVID-19: A Clinical Trial of a Telepsychology Positive Parenting Program Targeting Behavior Problems in Children With Neurological Risk. J Pediatr Psychol 2023:jsad032. [PMID: 37316980 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsad032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of a stepped-care parenting program implemented during COVID-19 among families of behaviorally at-risk children with neurological or neurodevelopmental disorders aged 3-9 years. METHODS Stepped-care I-InTERACT-North increased psychological support across 3 steps, matched to family needs: (1) guided self-help (podcast), (2) brief support, and (3) longer-term parent support. The intervention was provided by clinicians at The Hospital for Sick Children. Recruitment occurred via hospital and research cohort referral. A single-arm trial using a pragmatic prospective pre-post mixed-method design was utilized to assess accrual, engagement, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy. RESULTS Over 15 months, 68 families enrolled (83% consent rate) and 56 families completed stepped-care (Step 1 = 56; Step 2 = 39; Step 3 = 28), with high adherence across Steps (100%, 98%, and 93%, respectively). Parents reported high acceptability, reflected in themes surrounding accessibility, comprehension, effectiveness, and targeted care. Positive parenting skill increases were documented, and robust improvement in child behavior problems was apparent upon Step 3 completion (p =.001, d = .390). Stepped-care was as effective as traditional delivery, while improving consent and completion rates within a pandemic context. CONCLUSIONS This stepped-care telepsychology parenting program provides a compelling intervention model to address significant gaps in accessible mental health intervention while simultaneously balancing the need for efficient service. Findings inform program scalability beyond COVID-19 and emphasize the value of stepped-care intervention in delivering and monitoring mental health treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Deotto
- Division of Neurology, Department of Psychology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Giulia F Fabiano
- Division of Neurology, Department of Psychology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Beryl Y T Chung
- Division of Neurology, Department of Psychology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Shari L Wade
- Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Evdokia Anagnostou
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer Crosbie
- Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Kelley
- Department of Psychology, Queens University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Rob Nicolson
- Department of Psychiatry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
| | - Brendan F Andrade
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Margaret and Wallace McCain Centre for Child, Youth and Family Mental Health, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Steven P Miller
- Faculty of Medicine, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tricia S Williams
- Division of Neurology, Department of Psychology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Leigh JP, Moss SJ, Sriskandarajah C, McArthur E, Ahmed SB, Birnie K, Halperin D, Halperin S, Harley M, Hu J, Ng Kamstra J, Leppan L, Nickel A, Racine N, Russell K, Smith S, Solis M, Stelfox M, Tutelman PR, Stelfox HT, Fiest KM. A muti-informant national survey on the impact of COVID-19 on mental health symptoms of parent-child dyads in Canada. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7972. [PMID: 37198202 PMCID: PMC10189235 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34544-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted the mental health of children, youth, and their families which must be addressed and prevented in future public health crises. Our objective was to measure how self-reported mental health symptoms of children/youth and their parents evolved during COVID-19 and to identify associated factors for children/youth and their parents including sources accessed for information on mental health. We conducted a nationally representative, multi-informant cross-sectional survey administered online to collect data from April to May 2022 across 10 Canadian provinces among dyads of children (11-14 years) or youth (15-18 years) and a parent (> 18 years). Self-report questions on mental health were based on The Partnership for Maternal, Newborn & Child Health and the World Health Organization of the United Nations H6+ Technical Working Group on Adolescent Health and Well-Being consensus framework and the Coronavirus Health and Impact Survey. McNemar's test and the test of homogeneity of stratum effects were used to assess differences between children-parent and youth-parent dyads, and interaction by stratification factors, respectively. Among 933 dyads (N = 1866), 349 (37.4%) parents were aged 35-44 years and 485 (52.0%) parents were women; 227 (47.0%) children and 204 (45.3%) youth were girls; 174 (18.6%) dyads had resided in Canada < 10 years. Anxiety and irritability were reported most frequently among child (44, 9.1%; 37, 7.7%) and parent (82, 17.0%; 67, 13.9%) dyads, as well as among youth (44, 9.8%; 35, 7.8%) and parent (68, 15.1%; 49, 10.9%) dyads; children and youth were significantly less likely to report worsened anxiety (p < 0.001, p = 0.006, respectively) or inattention (p < 0.001, p = 0.028, respectively) compared to parents. Dyads who reported financial or housing instability or identified as living with a disability more frequently reported worsened mental health. Children (96, 57.1%), youth (113, 62.5%), and their parents (253, 62.5%; 239, 62.6%, respectively) most frequently accessed the internet for mental health information. This cross-national survey contextualizes pandemic-related changes to self-reported mental health symptoms of children, youth, and families.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sofia B Ahmed
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Kathryn Birnie
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Calgary, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Donna Halperin
- Rankin School of Nursing, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, NS, Canada
| | - Scott Halperin
- Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | | | - Jia Hu
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Josh Ng Kamstra
- Department of Surgery, University of Hawaii John A Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI, Canada
| | - Laura Leppan
- Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Angie Nickel
- Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Nicole Racine
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Stacie Smith
- Young Canadian Roundtable On Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - May Solis
- Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Maia Stelfox
- Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | | | - Henry T Stelfox
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Calgary, Canada
- O'Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Kirsten M Fiest
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Calgary, Canada
- O'Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Solanke F, Easton S, Selby A, James D, Roberts G. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on emergency department attendances for young people. Arch Dis Child 2023; 107:e1-e7. [PMID: 35551049 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2021-323389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There are concerns that the COVID-19 pandemic is having an indirect negative impact on young people. We aimed to assess the impact of the pandemic on emergency department (ED) presentations and admissions. DESIGN We analysed ED presentations and admissions from a 5-year period (April 2016-February 2021). An interrupted time series analysis was used to estimate the presentations and admissions that would have been seen in year 5 without the pandemic using the data from years 1 to 4. These estimations were used to calculate the difference between the expected and the observed presentations and admissions during the pandemic year. RESULTS There were 166 459 presentations over 5 years. There was a 38.1% (95% CI 33.9% to 42.3%) reduction in presentations during the pandemic with no variation by sex, age, deprivation or ethnicity. Largest reductions were associated with children being home schooled rather than with lockdowns. For admissions, there was a 23.4% (17.4% to 29.4%) reduction, less for 5-17 year age group. Infection and asthma/wheeze presentations reduced by around 60% with smaller reductions for mental health and trauma. There was no change for surgical presentations, burns/scolds or allergic reactions. There was an increase in females aged 11-17 years presenting with mental health issues during the pandemic. CONCLUSIONS During the pandemic, there was a substantial reduction in both ED presentations and admissions. The differential impact on specific presentations suggests this was due to the impact of social distancing and reduced social mixing rather than widening of health inequality or increased barriers to care. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04893122.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephanie Easton
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Department of Child Health, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Anna Selby
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Department of Child Health, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - David James
- Department of Child Health, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Graham Roberts
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Department of Child Health, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
- David Hide Asthma and Allergy Research Centre, St Mary's Hospital, Newport, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Lee MS, Kim DJ, Lee H. Trends in health behaviors and mental health among Korean adolescents in Korea over 5 years, 2017-2021: focusing on the comparisons before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1139110. [PMID: 37139372 PMCID: PMC10149801 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1139110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives We investigated recent trends in health behaviors and mental health conditions among Korean adolescents from 2017 to 2021 and compared the changes before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods Data analysis was conducted on 289,415 adolescents participating in the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey, an annual cross-sectional study from 2017 to 2021. All analysis was conducted using sex stratification, and the annual percentage change (APC) was calculated. Results Alcohol consumption and smoking decreased in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic compared with before, except for girls from the low-income level. The prevalence of inadequate physical activity for both boys and girls increased in 2020 compared with the pre-COVID-19 period and decreased again by 2021. The prevalence of obesity in both sexes increased regardless of the period (boys, APC = 8.2%, 95% confidence intervals (CI), 6.4-10.1; girls, APC = 3.3%, 95% CI, 1.8-4.8). The prevalence of stress, depression, and suicidal ideation, plans, and attempts for both sexes decreased in 2020 compared to the pre-COVID-19 period. By 2021, this prevalence had returned to a level similar to before the pandemic. No significant APC changes were observed in the prevalence of mental health. Conclusions These findings demonstrate the trends and APCs in health behaviors and mental health conditions among Korean adolescents over the last 5 years. We must pay attention to the heterogeneous and multifaceted features of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Sun Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Jun Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hooyeon Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- *Correspondence: Hooyeon Lee
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ding Q, Ward MD, Edwards N, Wu EA, Kersey S, Funk M. A mixed-methods approach to understand university students' perceived impact of returning to class during COVID-19 on their mental and general health. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0279813. [PMID: 36595550 PMCID: PMC9810175 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated the prevalence and risk factors of mental and general health symptoms among university students attending in-person and online classes during COVID-19. We also explored their experiences returning to in-person classes and their views on the university's COVID-19-related policies. METHODS In this sequential explanatory mixed-methods study (2020-2021), U.S. university student respondents (N = 1030; 603 women [58.5%], 907 [88.1%] aged 18-24 years) completed a quantitative, cross-sectional survey assessing their mental and general health symptoms experienced while taking classes during the COVID-19 pandemic. The survey link was distributed through social media and email invitations. Three separate follow-up focus groups (n = 27), consisting of an average of nine focus group respondents who had completed the quantitative survey per group, were conducted using a semi-structured interview guide. Focus group respondents provided qualitative responses on their experiences returning to class during COVID-19 and adhering to COVID-19-related policies. RESULTS The prevalence of mental health symptoms among survey respondents were 57.6% (n = 593) for depression, 41.5% (n = 427) for anxiety, and 40.8% (n = 420) for stress. Over 90% of respondents reported perceptions of good general health. Female respondents and respondents identified as non-binary gender had an increased risk for mental health symptoms compared to male respondents. Respondents with preexisting medical conditions had an increased risk for worse general health. Themes identified through qualitative analysis included (1) attending class during COVID-19 is associated with unhealthy behaviors, and poor health, (2) perceived challenges of online learning and increased feelings of isolation, (3) demand for COVID-19 policy reform and greater transparency of COVID-19 statistics; (4) difficulties in adhering to COVID-19 policies; and (5) concerns about acquiring and transmitting COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that university students attending classes during the pandemic are experiencing negative mental health impacts. Although students were aware of COVID-19-related policies, many found it challenging to comply. Broad acceptance of COVID-19 policies will require greater transparency and information sharing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qinglan Ding
- College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Mark Daniel Ward
- College of Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Nancy Edwards
- School of Nursing, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Emily Anna Wu
- Krannert School of Management, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Susan Kersey
- School of Nursing, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Marjorie Funk
- School of Nursing, Yale University, West Haven, CT, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Extending Validation of a Social Emotional Health Measure For Middle School Students. CONTEMPORARY SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 27:92-103. [PMID: 35345478 PMCID: PMC8941839 DOI: 10.1007/s40688-022-00411-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The Social Emotional Health Survey-Secondary-2020 (SEHS-S-2020) is a well-studied option for assessing social emotional health to support students within a multitiered system of school support. While a growing body of literature supports the SEHS-S-2020 measure for assessing student covitality, there is less validation evidence specifically for middle-school-aged students. The present study aimed to fill this gap in the literature by examining its use for younger adolescents. Study participants were from two samples, including a cross-sectional sample with 9,426 students in Grades 7-8 from 32 counties in California and a longitudinal sample with 414 students in Grades 6-8 from two middle schools. Data analyses examined structural validity, internal consistency, measurement invariance, criterion validity, predictive validity, and response stability. Results indicate excellent fit indices for a four-level higher-order measurement model, with adequate concurrent and one-year predictive validity coefficients, supporting the use of the SEHS-S-2020 measure with young adolescents in middle school settings. The discussion focuses on implications for assessing students' psychosocial assets, universal school-based screening, and cultural and intersectionality considerations when interpreting SEHS-S-2020 responses. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40688-022-00411-x.
Collapse
|
25
|
The association between social factors and COVID-19 protective behaviors and depression and stress among midwestern US college students. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0279340. [PMID: 36534666 PMCID: PMC9762587 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this cross-sectional study was to examine the relationship between social factors and COVID-19 protective behaviors and two outcomes: depressive and perceived stress symptoms. METHODS In September 2020, 1,064 randomly selected undergraduate students from a large midwestern university completed an online survey and provided information on demographics, social activities, COVID-19 protective behaviors (i.e., avoiding social events and staying home from work and school), and mental health symptoms. Mental health symptoms were measured using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression-10 questionnaire for depression and the Perceived Stress Scale-10 for stress symptoms. RESULTS The results showed respondents who were males and also the respondents who were "hanging out" with more people while drinking alcohol reported significantly lower depressive symptoms and lower stress symptoms. On the contrary, staying home from work or school "very often" was associated with higher stress symptoms, compared with "never/rarely" staying home from work/school. Similarly, having a job with in-person interaction was also associated with increased stress. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that lack of social engagement was associated with depression and stress symptoms among college students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Planning social activities that align with recommended safety precautions, as well as meet students' social needs, should be an important priority for higher education institutions.
Collapse
|
26
|
Gervais C, Côté I, Lampron-deSouza S, Barrette F, Tourigny S, Pierce T, Lafantaisie V. The COVID-19 Pandemic and Quality of Life: Experiences Contributing to and Harming the Well-Being of Canadian Children and Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON CHILD MALTREATMENT : RESEARCH, POLICY AND PRACTICE 2022; 6:1-23. [PMID: 36531795 PMCID: PMC9734348 DOI: 10.1007/s42448-022-00141-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The pandemic's restrictive measures such as lockdowns, social distancing, and the wearing of masks transformed young people's daily lives and brought up major concerns regarding children's and adolescents' well-being. This longitudinal mixed study aims to identify how different experiences contributed to children's and adolescents' well-being through different stages of the pandemic. The sample comprises 149 Canadian youth from Quebec who shared their experiences of the COVID-19 pandemic. Children and adolescents were met virtually for semi-directed interviews about their well-being at three measurement time (T1: May 2020 lockdown, T2: July 2020 progressive reopening, and T3: beginning of the second wave). At T3, they also completed a questionnaire measuring their quality of life. Our findings indicated that 22% reported a low level of well-being (N: 32), 66% a normal level of well-being (N: 90), and 18% a high level of well-being (N: 27). The comparative thematic analysis of the discourse of these three groups allows us to identify experiences that are favorable and unfavorable to the well-being of young people and to distinguish two configurations of interactions between children and their environment over the first year of the pandemic, namely that of young people who report a high level of well-being and that of those who report a worrying level of well-being. Results highlight the importance of activities, relationships, support, and representations of children and adolescents for their well-being in the pandemic context. Interventions and social measures to better support their well-being are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine Gervais
- Nursing Department, Université du Québec en Outaouais, 5 Rue Saint-Joseph, Saint-Jérôme, Québec J7Z 0B7 Canada
| | - Isabel Côté
- Social Work Department, Université du Québec en Outaouais, 283 Boulevard Alexandre-Taché, C.P. 1250, Succursale Hull, Gatineau, Québec J8X 3X7 Canada
| | - Sophie Lampron-deSouza
- School of Psychoeducation, Université de Montréal, 90 Av, Vincent-d’Indy, Montréal, Québec H2V 2S9 Canada
| | - Flavy Barrette
- Social Work Department, Université du Québec en Outaouais, 283 Boulevard Alexandre-Taché, C.P. 1250, Succursale Hull, Gatineau, Québec J8X 3X7 Canada
| | - Sarah Tourigny
- Psychoeducation and Psychology Department, Université du Québec en Outaouais, 5 Rue Saint-Joseph, Saint-Jérôme, Québec J7Z 0B7 Canada
| | - Tamarha Pierce
- School of Psychology, Université Laval, 2325, Rue Des Bibliothèques, Québec, G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Vicky Lafantaisie
- Psychoeducation and Psychology Department, Université du Québec en Outaouais, 5 Rue Saint-Joseph, Saint-Jérôme, Québec J7Z 0B7 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Bersia M, Koumantakis E, Berchialla P, Charrier L, Ricotti A, Grimaldi P, Dalmasso P, Comoretto RI. Suicide spectrum among young people during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. EClinicalMedicine 2022; 54:101705. [PMID: 36338787 PMCID: PMC9621691 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There are concerns that suicidal behaviors are arising among adolescents. The COVID-19 pandemic could have worsened the picture, however, studies on this topic reported contrasting results. This work aimed to summarise findings from the worldwide emerging literature on the rates of suicidality among young people during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed, searching five electronic databases for studies published from January 1, 2020 until July 27, 2022. Studies reporting rates for each of the three considered outcomes (suicide, suicidal behaviors, and suicidal ideation) among young people under 19 years old during the COVID-19 pandemic were included. Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted, and the intra-study risk of bias was assessed. When pre-COVID-19 data were available, incidence rate ratio (IRR) and prevalence ratio (PR) estimates were calculated between the two periods. All the analyses were performed according to the setting explored: general population, emergency department (ED), and psychiatric services. The review protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42022308014). Findings Forty-seven observational studies were selected for more than 65 million subjects. The results of the meta-analysis showed a pooled annual incidence rate of suicides of 4.9 cases/100,000 during 2020, accounting for a non-statistically significant increase of 10% compared to 2019 (IRR 1.10, 95% CI: 0.94-1.29). The suicidal behaviors pooled prevalence during the COVID-19 pandemic was higher in the psychiatric setting (25%; 95% CI: 17-36%) than in the general population (3%; 1-13%) and ED (1%; 0-9%). The pooled rate of suicidal ideation was 17% in the general population (11-25%), 36% in psychiatric setting (20-56%) and 2% in ED (0-12%). The heterogeneity level was over 97% for both outcomes in all settings considered. The comparison between before and during COVID-19 periods highlighted a non-statistically significant upward trend in suicidal behaviors among the general population and in ED setting. The only significant increase was found for suicidal ideation in psychiatric setting among studies conducted in 2021 (PR 1.15; 95% CI: 1.04-1.27), not observed exploring 2020 alone. Interpretation During the pandemic, suicide spectrum issues seemed to follow the known pattern described in previous studies, with higher rates of suicidal ideation than of suicidal behaviors and suicide events. Governments and other stakeholders should be mindful that youth may have unique risks at the outset of large disasters like the COVID-19 pandemic and proactive steps are necessary to address the needs of youth to mitigate those risks. Funding The present study was funded by the University of Torino (CHAL_RILO_21_01).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michela Bersia
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Emanuele Koumantakis
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Paola Berchialla
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Regione Gonzole 43, 10043, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Lorena Charrier
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Andrea Ricotti
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Piercesare Grimaldi
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Paola Dalmasso
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Rosanna I. Comoretto
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126 Torino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Hossain S, O’Neill S, Strnadová I. What Constitutes Student Well-Being: A Scoping Review Of Students' Perspectives. CHILD INDICATORS RESEARCH 2022; 16:447-483. [PMID: 36405573 PMCID: PMC9668225 DOI: 10.1007/s12187-022-09990-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Student well-being has recently emerged as a critical educational agenda due to its wide-reaching benefits for students in performing better at school and later as adults. With the emergence of student well-being as a priority area in educational policy and practice, efforts to measure and monitor student well-being have increased, and so has the number of student well-being domains proposed. Presently, a lack of consensus exists about what domains are appropriate to investigate and understand student well-being, resulting in a fragmented body of work. This paper aims to clarify the construct of student well-being by summarising and mapping different conceptualisations, approaches used to measure, and domains that entail well-being. The search of multiple databases identified 33 studies published in academic journals between 1989 and 2020. There were four approaches to conceptualising student well-being found in the reviewed studies. They were: Hedonic, eudaimonic, integrative (i.e., combining both hedonic and eudaimonic), and others. Results identified eight overarching domains of student well-being: Positive emotion, (lack of) Negative emotion, Relationships, Engagement, Accomplishment, Purpose at school, Intrapersonal/Internal factors, and Contextual/External factors. Recommendations for further research are offered, including the need for more qualitative research on student well-being as perceived and experienced by students and for research to be conducted in a non-western context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saira Hossain
- School of Education, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, 2052 Australia
| | - Sue O’Neill
- School of Education, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, 2052 Australia
| | - Iva Strnadová
- School of Education, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, 2052 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Jarnig G, Kerbl R, van Poppel MNM. Effects of Wearing FFP2 Masks on SARS-CoV-2 Infection Rates in Classrooms. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13511. [PMID: 36294092 PMCID: PMC9603337 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this retrospective cohort study involving 614 secondary school students, the likelihood of becoming infected with SARS-CoV-2 in schools with different focus (sports focus vs. general branch; the only difference in the sports focus school was that PE was allowed at all times without restrictions) and different prevailing restrictions were compared. A significantly higher likelihood of infection with SARS-CoV-2 was found in sports classes during the period with a strict FFP-2 mask requirement compared to general branch classes (for Delta from November 2021 to December 2021, and for Omicron from January 2022 to February 2022). The higher likelihood of infection was observed both during the Delta and the Omicron wave. After the relaxation of the mitigation measures, however, students in general branch classes showed a clear "catch-up" of infections, leading to a higher incidence of infections during this phase. By the end of the observation period (30 April 2022), only a small difference in cumulative SARS-CoV-2 infection rates (p = 0.037, φ = 0.09) was detected between classes with a sports focus and those without a sports focus. The results suggest that SARS-CoV-2 transmission can be reduced in school classes by mandatory FFP-2 mask use. In many cases, however, infection appears to be postponed rather than avoided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Jarnig
- Institute of Human Movement Science, Sport and Health, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Reinhold Kerbl
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, LKH Hochsteiermark, 8700 Leoben, Austria
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Li F. Impact of COVID-19 on the lives and mental health of children and adolescents. Front Public Health 2022; 10:925213. [PMID: 36330117 PMCID: PMC9623428 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.925213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Student mental health is an integral part of the fight against disease, and health was an evolving concern during the spread of COVID-19. As the COVID-19 pandemic unfolds, physical distancing and social restrictions were introduced, and because of these, it was found a great impact on students' lives and their mental health. Adolescent mental health is focused on prevention, early detection, therapeutic innovation, and service development. In these circumstances, service providers can expand telemedicine Digital services that may help provide future mental health services to young people, particularly students. This study collects and analyzes data from students on the impact of these new online learning techniques, and by collecting and analyzing the challenges and issues faced by college students during the COVID-19 pandemic. The questionnaire was based on and extended the European Students' Union Survey and targeted higher education students concerning what student life looked like during the pandemic, including teaching and learning, their social contacts, habits/routines, as well as how they were coping with the situation emotionally and financially. The case of universities and distance learning education units in higher education during the COVID-19 pandemic process. This article highlighted the impact of COVID-19 on students of all ages and their time schedules such as online learning and reflection, study environment, sleep habits, routines, and outcomes. It was found that the students generally require greater self-discipline and motivation to complete online classes. It was also reflected that the pandemic adversely affected student mental health, leading to an increased prevalence of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD). This may have a significant impact on their mental health issues such as frustration, stress, and sadness. This will significantly lead to cooperation between various local authorities and the private sector.
Collapse
|
31
|
Nahar Z, Sohan M, Supti KF, Hossain MJ, Shahriar M, Bhuiyan MA, Islam MR. Prevalence and associated risk factors for mental health problems among female university students during COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study findings from Dhaka, Bangladesh. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10890. [PMID: 36217458 PMCID: PMC9534543 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has tremendously affected the physical and mental health of people at all levels worldwide. The present study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and contributing factors for mental health problems among female university students in the urban area of Bangladesh. We conducted this online cross-sectional study among 451 female university students. Here we assessed the symptomatic prevalence of common mental health problems among the participants. The prevalence rate of loneliness, anxiety, and depressive symptoms among female university students in Bangladesh was 55.88%, 69.18%, and 45.23%, respectively. Also, we noticed that mild, moderate, and severe symptoms of loneliness, generalized anxiety, and depression were 36.90%, 40.48%, and 22.62%; 48.08%, 22.44%, and 29.48%; and 37.31%, 26.87%, and 35.52%; respectively. According to the present study results, marital status, financial condition, education level, and family structure (nuclear/joint) are potential contributing factors to mental health problems among female university students living in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The COVID-19 pandemic has severely impacted the academic performance and emotional well-being of students in Bangladesh. Also, the closure of university classes for a long time in Bangladesh was responsible for the poor mental health of students. Promoting good mental health has become a vital public health concern during this ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Female university students residing in urban areas in Bangladesh are more prone to developing mental health problems during any crisis. Therefore, the healthcare authorities of Bangladesh should promote the good mental health of students during and after the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Keeping in touch with students to support them psychologically and mentally during the pandemic is crucial for promoting their good mental health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zabun Nahar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A Green Road, Farmgate, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Sohan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A Green Road, Farmgate, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Kaniz Farzana Supti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A Green Road, Farmgate, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Jamal Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, 77 Satmasjid Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Shahriar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A Green Road, Farmgate, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Mohiuddin Ahmed Bhuiyan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A Green Road, Farmgate, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Rabiul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A Green Road, Farmgate, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Khalid N, Zapparrata N, Loughlin K, Albright G. Postvention as Prevention: Coping with Loss at School. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11795. [PMID: 36142093 PMCID: PMC9517067 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Many Pre-K through grade 12 (PK-12) students have experienced traumatic events throughout the pandemic in a myriad of ways including the death of family members and peers, loss of social interaction and increased violence at home. The consequences can be traumatic and manifest themselves in fear, anxiety, anger, isolation, and loneliness. Too often this leads to depression, anxiety, grief, substance use disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, suicidal ideation and even suicides. This study assesses the impact of an innovative virtual human role-play simulation that prepares PK-12 educators, administrators, and school staff to respond to a student death in the school community by creating communities of support to help manage traumatic loss. The simulation addresses crisis response planning, postvention plans, and provides learners with role-play practice in using evidence-based motivational interviewing communication strategies in conversations with students and colleagues after the occurrence of a death. The sample consisted of educators and staff who were recruited from geographically dispersed areas across the US between January 2021 through December 2021. Matched sample t-tests and ANOVAs were used to assess quantitative data, and a qualitative analysis software, MAXQDA, was used to assess open-ended response data. Results show statistically significant increases in school personnel's preparedness and self-efficacy to recognize signs of trauma in their students and colleagues, and to approach them to talk about concerns and, if necessary, make a referral to support services. Simulations such as this hold tremendous potential in teaching educators how address trauma due to a student death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Khalid
- The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Nicole Zapparrata
- The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Kevin Loughlin
- Innovative Learning Sciences, Ascend Learning, Leawood, KS 66211, USA
| | - Glenn Albright
- Baruch College, City University of New York, New York, NY 10010, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Yürekli H, Yiğit ÖE, Bulut O, Lu M, Öz E. Exploring Factors That Affected Student Well-Being during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Comparison of Data-Mining Approaches. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11267. [PMID: 36141541 PMCID: PMC9517244 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19-related school closures caused unprecedented and prolonged disruption to daily life, education, and social and physical activities. This disruption in the life course affected the well-being of students from different age groups. This study proposed analyzing student well-being and determining the most influential factors that affected student well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. With this aim, we adopted a cross-sectional study designed to analyze the student data from the Responses to Educational Disruption Survey (REDS) collected between December 2020 and July 2021 from a large sample of grade 8 or equivalent students from eight countries (n = 20,720), including Burkina Faso, Denmark, Ethiopia, Kenya, the Russian Federation, Slovenia, the United Arab Emirates, and Uzbekistan. We first estimated a well-being IRT score for each student in the REDS student database. Then, we used 10 data-mining approaches to determine the most influential factors that affected the well-being of students during the COVID-19 outbreak. Overall, 178 factors were analyzed. The results indicated that the most influential factors on student well-being were multifarious. The most influential variables on student well-being were students' worries about contracting COVID-19 at school, their learning progress during the COVID-19 disruption, their motivation to learn when school reopened, and their excitement to reunite with friends after the COVID-19 disruption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hülya Yürekli
- Department of Statistics, Yıldız Technical University, Istanbul 34220, Türkiye
| | - Öyküm Esra Yiğit
- Department of Statistics, Yıldız Technical University, Istanbul 34220, Türkiye
| | - Okan Bulut
- Centre for Research in Applied Measurement and Evaluation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G5, Canada
| | - Min Lu
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Miler School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Ersoy Öz
- Department of Statistics, Yıldız Technical University, Istanbul 34220, Türkiye
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Dale R, Jesser A, Pieh C, O’Rourke T, Probst T, Humer E. Mental health burden of high school students, and suggestions for psychosocial support, 1.5 years into the COVID-19 pandemic in Austria. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2022; 32:1015-1024. [PMID: 35900473 PMCID: PMC9330952 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-022-02032-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and containment efforts seem to be particularly challenging for adolescents. This study assessed mental health in high school students 1.5 years after the pandemic began in Austria. A cross-sectional survey was carried out from September to November 2021. Well-being (WHO-5), depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms and sleep quality were assessed. A total of 1505 adolescents participated (78% girls). The cut-offs for clinically relevant symptoms were exceeded by 62% girls and 38.1% boys for depression (PHQ-9 score ≥ 11), 49% girls and 29% boys for anxiety (GAD-7 score ≥ 11) and 28% girls and 17% boys for insomnia (ISI score ≥ 15). The prevalence of suicidal ideation (item 9 of the PHQ-9) within the last 2 weeks was 47% in girls and 32% in boys. These data collected in autumn 2021 (the start of the second semester of reopened schools; t2) were compared to data collected in February 2021 (one semester after remote schooling; t1). A matched pairs analysis according to age, gender, region, school type and migration background resulted in a total sample size of N = 2514 adolescents. Results showed small deteriorations in mental health (i.e., well-being, depression, insomnia, suicidal ideation) in girls at t2 compared to t1, and an increase in suicidal thoughts in boys (all p-values < 0.05). Qualitative data show that young people have a need for more psychological support, both professional and informal, as well as increased mental health literacy. Results suggest that mental health burden in adolescents remains high 1.5 years into the pandemic and highlight the need to implement timely psychological support.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Dale
- Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University for Continuing Education Krems, Krems an der Donau, Austria.
| | - Andrea Jesser
- Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University for Continuing Education Krems, Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Christoph Pieh
- Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University for Continuing Education Krems, Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Teresa O’Rourke
- Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University for Continuing Education Krems, Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Thomas Probst
- Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University for Continuing Education Krems, Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Elke Humer
- Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University for Continuing Education Krems, Krems an der Donau, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Gierczyk M, Charzyńska E, Dobosz D, Hetmańczyk H, Jarosz E. Subjective Well-Being of Primary and Secondary School Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Latent Profile Analysis. CHILD INDICATORS RESEARCH 2022; 15:2115-2140. [PMID: 35789935 PMCID: PMC9244551 DOI: 10.1007/s12187-022-09952-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This study employs a person-oriented approach to examine the heterogeneity of samples of primary school students (N = 2,333; 56.5% girls) and secondary school students (N = 2,329; 62.9% girls) in terms of levels of subjective well-being (SWB) in five domains: family, friends, school experience, body, and the local area. The study was conducted in Poland during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. The latent profile analysis revealed five profiles among primary school students and six profiles among secondary school students. The profiles identified among primary school students had their counterparts among secondary school students and included "highly satisfied," "moderately satisfied," "highly dissatisfied," "satisfied with their family life and local area and dissatisfied with their friends," and "satisfied with their family life and friends and dissatisfied with their local area" profiles. In both samples, the profile with high levels of satisfaction in all domains was the most numerous. Moreover, in secondary school students, we identified the sixth profile, which was highly satisfied with their friends and dissatisfied in other domains. We also noted that gender, age, type of school and positive relationships with others predicted the latent profile membership. The results of this study indicate the need to utilize the person-oriented approach to gain insight into various patterns of children's SWB. Moreover, the study provides some practical recommendations for preparing tailored interventions aimed at improving children's SWB. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12187-022-09952-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Gierczyk
- Institute of Pedagogy, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 12, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Edyta Charzyńska
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 12, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Dagmara Dobosz
- Institute of Pedagogy, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 12, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Hewilia Hetmańczyk
- Institute of Pedagogy, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 12, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Ewa Jarosz
- Institute of Pedagogy, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 12, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Kareem J, Thomas S, Kumar P. A, Neelakantan M. The role of classroom engagement on academic grit, intolerance to uncertainty and well-being among school students during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in India. PSYCHOLOGY IN THE SCHOOLS 2022; 60:PITS22758. [PMID: 35942393 PMCID: PMC9349720 DOI: 10.1002/pits.22758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The forced changes and disruptions in educational systems and learning experiences due to the pandemic has impacted students' mental health and well-being. The present study aims to understand the effects of the determinants of well-being on students in India during the second wave (April to August 2021) of the COVID-19 pandemic. The determinants of well-being in this study are academic grit, intolerance to uncertainty and students' engagement in an online learning environment. In this study, well-being is characterized as students' confidence and satisfaction in an online learning and pandemic environment. The data collected from 1174 students (12-19 years) from various states, using standardized tools, were analyzed to find out about the mediating effect of students' engagement on the relationship between academic grit and well-being, and between intolerance to uncertainty and well-being. Further, the model fit analysis of the determinants of well-being is explored. The paper reports that students' classroom engagement does mediate in the path of academic grit and well-being, and in the path of intolerance to uncertainty and well-being. It also evidence the model fit of the influence of the determinants of well-being on that of school students during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. The study also draws implications and suggestions for educators using the current model of students' well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shinto Thomas
- Department of PsychologyChrist UniversityBangaloreIndia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
The Impact of Family Factors on Children’s Mental Health during Home Quarantine: An Empirical Study in Northwest China. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14127202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
(1) Aims: This paper aims to analyze the factors affecting children’s mental health during home quarantine from the perspective of family composition in a specific Chinese context where historically, families are small in size. (2) Methods: Here, 10,210 online questionnaires from 3 junior high schools in Xi’an and Hanzhong from 23 to 27 February 2020, were collected to explore the impact of family factors on children’s mental health in Northwest China during home quarantine based on the ecosystem theory, by using OLS, logit regression models, and the Shapley value decomposition method. (3) Results: The mental health of northwestern Chinese children changed significantly after home quarantine. We also found that during home quarantine, some factors, such as a high-income family, lack of siblings, living with parents, mothers with middle- or high-level occupations, frequent parent–child communication, and better parent–child relationships, were positively related to children’s mental health. (4) Conclusions: Different from previous studies, this paper found that the psychological condition of children in Northwest China tended to be improved during the epidemic. In addition, family factors, especially the parent–child interaction, played an important role in the mental health of children during the epidemic.
Collapse
|
38
|
Gadermann A, Thomson K, Gill R, Schonert-Reichl KA, Gagné Petteni M, Guhn M, Warren MT, Oberle E. Early Adolescents' Experiences During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Changes in Their Well-Being. Front Public Health 2022; 10:823303. [PMID: 35592082 PMCID: PMC9110968 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.823303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Early adolescence is a time of psychological and social change that can coincide with declines in mental health and well-being. This study investigated the psychological and social impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic from the perspective of students who responded to a survey in Grades 7 and 8 (ages 12–14) in British Columbia (BC), Canada. The objectives of this study were (i) to provide an overview on early adolescents' experiences and social-emotional well-being during the pandemic; and (ii) to examine whether changes in social experiences as well as feeling safe from getting COVID-19 at school were associated with changes in well-being outcomes over the course of a year. Methods A sample of n = 1,755 students from a large public school district self-reported on their life satisfaction, optimism, and symptoms of sadness across two time points: First, in their Grade 7 year (pre-pandemic; January to March, 2020) and then 1 year later in their Grade 8 year (during the pandemic; January to March, 2021). In Grade 8, students also reported on pandemic-specific experiences, including changes in mental health, social relationships, and activities, as well as coping strategies and positive changes since the pandemic. Data were collected online using the Middle Years Development Instrument (MDI), a population-based self-report tool that assesses children's social-emotional development and well-being in the context of their home, school, and neighborhood. Multivariable linear regression analyses were used to examine associations between pandemic-related changes in relationships and perceived safety from getting COVID-19 at school with changes in well-being outcomes. Results Students reported a range of experiences, with a large proportion reporting moderate concerns and impacts of the pandemic, including worries about their mental health and missing school activities. Students reported significantly lower optimism, lower life satisfaction, and higher sadness compared to the previous year. Within the sample, improvements in relationships with parents and other adults at home was associated with higher well-being during the pandemic. Implications Results from this study can inform decision making of policy-makers, educators, and practitioners working with youth, by providing information on students' experiences during the pandemic and identifying factors that may be protective for students' mental health during and beyond the pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Gadermann
- Human Early Learning Partnership, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kimberly Thomson
- Human Early Learning Partnership, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Randip Gill
- Human Early Learning Partnership, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Monique Gagné Petteni
- Human Early Learning Partnership, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Martin Guhn
- Human Early Learning Partnership, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Michael T Warren
- Human Early Learning Partnership, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Eva Oberle
- Human Early Learning Partnership, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Rega A, Nappo R, Simeoli R, Cerasuolo M. Age-Related Differences in Psychological Distress during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19095532. [PMID: 35564927 PMCID: PMC9101009 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
While the negative impact of COVID-19 total lockdown on mental health in youth has been extensively studied, findings collected during subsequent waves of the pandemic, in which restrictive rules were more eased, are very sparse. Here, we explore perceived psychological distress during the partial lockdown of the third wave in Southern Italy in a large sample of students, focusing on age and gender differences. Also, we assessed whether attending the type of education could have a protective role on students' psychological well-being. An online survey was completed by 1064 southern Italian students (age range: 8-19 years; males = 368) from March to July 2021. The survey consists of a set of questions regarding general sociodemographic information as well as several aspects of students' psychological well-being. Psychological distress was higher in high school students compared to both elementary and middle ones. In addition, we found gender differences, but only in high school students, with females reporting higher psychological distress than males. Finally, our mediation analysis showed a mediated role of face-to-face schooling in the relationship between age and psychological distress. In conclusion, this study highlights age-related differences in psychological distress during the pandemic and the protective role of school in presence for mental health in Italian students.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Rega
- Department of Humanistic Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Napoli, Italy;
- Neapolisanit s.r.l. Rehabilitation Center, 80044 Ottaviano, Italy;
- Correspondence: (A.R.); (M.C.)
| | - Raffaele Nappo
- Neapolisanit s.r.l. Rehabilitation Center, 80044 Ottaviano, Italy;
| | - Roberta Simeoli
- Department of Humanistic Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Napoli, Italy;
- Neapolisanit s.r.l. Rehabilitation Center, 80044 Ottaviano, Italy;
| | - Mariangela Cerasuolo
- Associazione Italiana Per L’Assistenza Spastici Onlus Sez Di Cicciano, 80033 Cicciano, Italy
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 70103 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, 81100 Caserta, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.R.); (M.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Assessing Psychological Impact of COVID-19 among Parents of Children Returning to K-12 Schools: A U.S. Based Cross-Sectional Survey. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10050775. [PMID: 35627912 PMCID: PMC9141861 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10050775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose: While impacts of the pandemic on family well-being have been documented in the literature, little is known about the psychological challenges faced by children and their parents as schools reopen after mandated closures. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine if sending children back to in-person school impacts the mental health of parents and the perceived mental health of their children. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study recruited a nationally representative, non-probability sample of parents or guardians (n = 2100) of children attending grades K-12 in the United States (U.S.) through a 58-item web-based survey. The univariate, bivariate, and multivariate statistical tests were used to analyze the data. Results: The mean scores of parental Coronavirus anxiety and Coronavirus obsession were significantly different between race/ethnic groups of parents. Parents with children going to private schools had significantly higher mean scores for Coronavirus anxiety and obsession compared to parents whose children are attending public schools. Nearly 55% of parental Coronavirus anxiety was explained by the generalized anxiety, separation anxiety, child’s vulnerability to infection, and school type of the child. Similarly, 52% of parental Coronavirus obsession was explained by the generalized anxiety, separation anxiety, child’s vulnerability to infection, and social phobia of the children. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic has a substantial impact on psychological well-being of parents and their school-going children. Findings of this study will inform policy makers in developing targeted interventions to address unique needs of families with school-going children.
Collapse
|
41
|
Ling X, Chen J, Chow DHK, Xu W, Li Y. The "Trade-Off" of Student Well-Being and Academic Achievement: A Perspective of Multidimensional Student Well-Being. Front Psychol 2022; 13:772653. [PMID: 35369151 PMCID: PMC8966134 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.772653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Student well-being and its relationships with academic achievement in China have not been well-investigated. This study aimed at investigating student well-being and the trade-off of the well-being and academic achievement with a sample of 1,353 Chinese high-school students from four cities in China during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic period. The six dimensions of well-being (academic, psychological, self, physical, social, and spiritual) were utilised to test the relationships with three subjects including Mathematics, English, and Chinese using a quantitative analysis. In this study, the relationships between six dimensions of well-being and three academic subject achievements were tested in one statistical model. Results showed that spiritual well-being was ranked the highest, followed by psychological, physical, self, and social well-being. Students gave the lowest ranking to academic well-being. The two significant paths identified were between spiritual well-being and two subjects, namely, Chinese and Mathematics. It is interesting to note that the other five dimensions of well-being were significantly associated with any subjects and English was not significantly related to any dimensions of well-being in this study. Our findings suggested that policymakers and other stakeholders should avoid an “all or nothing” mindset on practice when considering well-being as a multidimensional construct.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Ling
- School of Educational Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Junjun Chen
- Department of Education Policy and Leadership, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Daniel H K Chow
- Department of Health and Physical Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wendan Xu
- Department of Education Policy and Leadership, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yingxiu Li
- Department of Education Policy and Leadership, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Rodriguez-Rivas ME, Varela JJ, María Josefina Chuecas CG. The role of family support and conflict in cyberbullying and subjective well-being among Chilean Adolescents during the Covid-19 period. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09243. [PMID: 35445156 PMCID: PMC9014388 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Life satisfaction plays a crucial role in integral development and mental health during childhood and adolescence. Recently, it has been shown that cyberbullying has severe consequences for the mental health and wellbeing of victims such as increased anxiety, depressive symptoms and even suicide risk. Although the role of the family in life satisfaction and cyberbullying behaviors has been studied, there is limited information on its impacts during the current pandemic period. Objective The aim of this study is to determine the role of family variables regarding students’ levels of life satisfaction and cyberbullying victimization during the pandemic period. Method Structural equation modeling was done using data from a cross-sectional study (n = 287; age ranged 14–18) conducted in six schools in Santiago, Chile during 2020. Results The tested model has a good fit and parsimonious adjustment. It explained 25.9% of the life satisfaction and 9% of the variance of cyberbullying victimization. Family support was positively associated with life satisfaction (p < 0.001) and negatively associated with cyberbullying victimization (p < 0.05). Likewise, family conflict was positively associated with levels of cyberbullying victimization (p < 0.05) and negatively associated with life satisfaction levels (p < 0.001). Finally, family visits were only positively associated with life satisfaction (p < 0.01). Conclusions Generating interventions on several levels focused on positive family bonds has become essential and urgent. This is especially important considering their protective impacts on cyberbullying victimization in promotion of adolescent well-being and quality of life. Level of family support decreased cyberbullying victimization and increased life satisfaction during the Pandemic. Level of family conflict increased the risk of cyberbullying victimization and decreased levels of life satisfaction. Interventions and policies are urgently needed to promote positive family bonds and work-life balance.
Collapse
|
43
|
Tri Sakti AM, Mohd Ajis SZ, Azlan AA, Kim HJ, Wong E, Mohamad E. Impact of COVID-19 on School Populations and Associated Factors: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:4024. [PMID: 35409707 PMCID: PMC8997877 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19074024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Apart from the severe impact on public health and well-being, the chain effect resulting from the COVID-19 health crisis is a profound disruption for various other sectors, notably in education. COVID-19 has driven massive transformation in many aspects of the educational landscape, particularly as teaching and learning shifted online due to school closure. Despite the many impacts of the health crises on school populations, a systematic review regarding this particular issue has yet to be conducted. This study, therefore, attempts to comprehensively review the impact of health crises on school populations (student, teacher, parent, and school administration). An extensive literature search guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) reporting checklist was performed in two selected databases, namely Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus to identify how this particular topic was previously studied. Exclusion and inclusion criteria were set to ensure that only research papers written in English from the year 2000 to the present (April 2021) were included. From a total of 457 studies screened, only 41 of them were deemed eligible to be included for qualitative synthesis. The findings revealed that the COVID-19 pandemic was the only health crisis discussed when it comes to investigating the impact of health crises on school populations. This study found four notable consequences of health crises on school populations, which are impacts on mental health, teaching and learning, quality of life, and physical health. Among factors associated with the impact of the health crises are; demographic factors, concerns about the pandemic, education-related factors, health-related factors, geographic factors, economic concerns, teaching challenges, and parenting in the pandemic. This study is expected to be a reference for future works in formulating crises mitigation strategies to reduce the impact of health crises on schools by exploring the contexts of the crises.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andi Muhammad Tri Sakti
- Centre for Research in Media and Communication, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
- UKM x UNICEF Communication for Development Centre in Health, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
- Faculty of Communication Science, Mercu Buana University, Jakarta 11650, Indonesia
| | - Siti Zaiton Mohd Ajis
- UKM x UNICEF Communication for Development Centre in Health, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
| | - Arina Anis Azlan
- Centre for Research in Media and Communication, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
- UKM x UNICEF Communication for Development Centre in Health, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
| | - Hyung Joon Kim
- UNICEF Malaysia Country Office, Putrajaya 62100, Malaysia
| | - Elizabeth Wong
- UNICEF Malaysia Country Office, Putrajaya 62100, Malaysia
| | - Emma Mohamad
- Centre for Research in Media and Communication, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
- UKM x UNICEF Communication for Development Centre in Health, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Stress Among Asian Youth During COVID-19: Moderation by Educational, Spiritual, and Cultural Sources of Belonging. J Adolesc Health 2022; 70:500-503. [PMID: 34836800 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2021.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study is to examine levels of COVID-19 stress among Asian youth-compared to white youth-in a Canadian sample, and whether this stress is moderated by a sense of belonging derived from access to contextual (spiritual, cultural, educational) resources. METHODS Data are from a longitudinal study of youth in Alberta, Canada. Participants were those who identified as Asian/Southeast Asian (n = 202) or White (n = 772). Data were collected at three waves. Measures included COVID-19 stress, the Child and Youth Resilience Measure-28 Contextual subscale, and demographics. Data were analyzed using multivariate regression. RESULTS Overall at Wave 3, Asian youth reported significantly higher COVID-19 stress than white youth. In moderation analyses, Asian youth who reported higher Wave 1 Child and Youth Resilience Measure-28 Contextual scores also reported higher Wave 3 COVID-19 stress. CONCLUSIONS We found that experience of a typically protective factor was altered during COVID-19 for Asian youth in this sample. This finding may be related to societal-level discrimination and inequitable treatment experienced by many Asian communities during the pandemic, but future research is needed to test this mechanism.
Collapse
|
45
|
Windarwati HD, Lestari R, Supianto AA, Wicaksono SA, Ati NAL, Kusumawati MW, Humayya A, Ekawati D. A narrative review into the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on senior high school adolescent mental health. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRIC NURSING 2022; 35:206-217. [PMID: 35199403 PMCID: PMC9114999 DOI: 10.1111/jcap.12370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Problem High school teenagers are facing significant challenges during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Teenagers are at risk of experiencing physical, mental, and social health problems due to the COVID‐19 pandemic. This narrative review aims to explore the impact of COVID‐19 on the emergence of mental health problems in high school adolescents. Methods This study employed a narrative review method. We conducted a systematic search using PRISMA on three databases: Medline, PubMed, and ScienceDirect. A total of 40 articles met the inclusion and exclusion criteria set based on the research objectives. Findings The study uncovered that high school adolescents had an increased risk of experiencing mental health problems, namely psychological distress, worry, loneliness, anxiety, depression, traumatic symptoms, other psychological disorders, suicide risk, sleep disorders, and psychosocial functioning. Anxiety, depression, and psychological stress were the most discussed mental health problems among high school adolescents during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Conclusions There is a need for efforts to identify health problems and intervene in mental health problems early in high school adolescents. Schools, mental health workers, and the government (e.g., policy stakeholders) need to implement the recommendations given as a follow‐up effort for mental health services for high school youth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heni D Windarwati
- Department of Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Retno Lestari
- Department of Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Ahmad A Supianto
- Faculty of Computer Science, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | | | - Niken A L Ati
- Department of Research, Saintek Medika Nusantara, Jombang Regency, Indonesia
| | - Mira W Kusumawati
- Department of Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Atin Humayya
- Department of Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Dessy Ekawati
- Department of Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Allen K, Waters L, Arslan G, Prentice M. Strength‐based parenting and stress‐related growth in adolescents: Exploring the role of positive reappraisal, school belonging, and emotional processing during the pandemic. J Adolesc 2022; 94:176-190. [PMID: 35353416 PMCID: PMC9087671 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Methods Results Conclusions
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly‐Ann Allen
- School of Educational Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Education, Monash University Victoria Clayton Australia
- Centre for Wellbeing Science, Melbourne Graduate School of Education, University of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Lea Waters
- Centre for Wellbeing Science, Melbourne Graduate School of Education, University of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Gökmen Arslan
- Centre for Wellbeing Science, Melbourne Graduate School of Education, University of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Department of Psychological Counseling Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Burdur Turkey
- International Network on Personal Meaning Ontario Toronto Canada
| | - Marcelle Prentice
- School of Educational Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Education, Monash University Victoria Clayton Australia
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Spiteri J, Deguara J, Muscat T, Bonello C, Farrugia R, Milton J, Gatt S, Said L. The impact of COVID-19 on children’s learning: a rapid review. EDUCATIONAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGIST 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/20590776.2021.2024759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jane Spiteri
- Department of Early Childhood & Primary Education, Faculty of Education, University of Malta
| | - Josephine Deguara
- Department of Early Childhood & Primary Education, Faculty of Education, University of Malta
| | - Tania Muscat
- Department of Early Childhood & Primary Education, Faculty of Education, University of Malta
| | - Charmaine Bonello
- Department of Early Childhood & Primary Education, Faculty of Education, University of Malta
| | - Rosienne Farrugia
- Department of Early Childhood & Primary Education, Faculty of Education, University of Malta
| | - Josephine Milton
- Department of Early Childhood & Primary Education, Faculty of Education, University of Malta
| | - Suzanne Gatt
- Department of Early Childhood & Primary Education, Faculty of Education, University of Malta
| | - Lara Said
- Department of Early Childhood & Primary Education, Faculty of Education, University of Malta
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
The Lack of Academic Social Interactions and Students’ Learning Difficulties during COVID-19 Faculty Lockdowns in Croatia: The Mediating Role of the Perceived Sense of Life Disruption Caused by the Pandemic and the Adjustment to Online Studying. SOCIAL SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/socsci11020042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic caused significant disruptions and changes to the educational process worldwide, and higher education institutions rapidly shifted from onsite to online education. This study aimed to explore the association between a perceived lack of academic social interactions in the online learning environment and learning and self-regulation difficulties experienced during online studying. More specifically, the mediating role of students’ senses of life disruption caused by the pandemic and their general adjustment to online studying in the previously described association was explored. A total number of 464 university students from Croatia took part in an online questionnaire. The results revealed that students who perceive a greater lack of academic social interactions also report more learning and self-regulation difficulties during online studying. Further, the perceived lack of academic social interactions affects students’ perceptions of life disruption caused by the pandemic and adjustment to online studying. Both of these mediators, in turn, affect the level of experienced learning and self-regulation difficulties. The obtained results can be helpful for introducing certain measures that could support students’ learning and reduce the possibility of adverse effects of the pandemic.
Collapse
|
49
|
Exner-Cortens D, Baker E, Gray S, Fernandez Conde C, Rivera RR, Van Bavel M, Vezina E, Ambrose A, Pawluk C, Schwartz KD, Arnold PD. School-Based Suicide Risk Assessment Using eHealth for Youth: Systematic Scoping Review. JMIR Ment Health 2021; 8:e29454. [PMID: 34546178 PMCID: PMC8493464 DOI: 10.2196/29454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide is a leading cause of death among youth and a prominent concern for school mental health providers. Indeed, schools play a key role in suicide prevention, including participating in risk assessments with students expressing suicidal ideation. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, many schools now need to offer mental health services, including suicide risk assessment, via eHealth platforms. Post pandemic, the use of eHealth risk assessments will support more accessible services for youth living in rural and remote areas. However, as the remote environment is a new context for many schools, guidance is needed on best practices for eHealth suicide risk assessment among youth. OBJECTIVE This study aims to conduct a rapid, systematic scoping review to explore promising practices for conducting school-based suicide risk assessment among youth via eHealth (ie, information technologies that allow for remote communication). METHODS This review included peer-reviewed articles and gray literature published in English between 2000 and 2020. Although we did not find studies that specifically explored promising practices for school-based suicide risk assessment among youth via eHealth platforms, we found 12 peer-reviewed articles and 23 gray literature documents that contained relevant information addressing our broader study purpose; thus, these 35 sources were included in this review. RESULTS We identified five key recommendation themes for school-based suicide risk assessment among youth via eHealth platforms in the 12 peer-reviewed studies. These included accessibility, consent procedures, session logistics, safety planning, and internet privacy. Specific recommendation themes from the 23 gray literature documents substantially overlapped with and enhanced three of the themes identified in the peer-reviewed literature-consent procedures, session logistics, and safety planning. In addition, based on findings from the gray literature, we expanded the accessibility theme to a broader theme termed youth engagement, which included information on accessibility and building rapport, establishing a therapeutic space, and helping youth prepare for remote sessions. Finally, a new theme was identified in the gray literature findings, specifically concerning school mental health professional boundaries. A second key difference between the gray and peer-reviewed literature was the former's focus on issues of equity and access and how technology can reinforce existing inequalities. CONCLUSIONS For school mental health providers in need of guidance, we believe that these six recommendation themes (ie, youth engagement, school mental health professional boundaries, consent procedures, session logistics, safety planning, and internet privacy) represent the most promising directions for school-based suicide risk assessment among youth using eHealth tools. However, suicide risk assessment among youth via eHealth platforms in school settings represents a critical research gap. On the basis of the findings of this review, we provide specific recommendations for future research, including the need to focus on the needs of diverse youth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Elizabeth Baker
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Shawna Gray
- Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | | | - Marisa Van Bavel
- Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Elisabeth Vezina
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Aleta Ambrose
- Child and Adolescent Addiction, Mental Health and Psychiatry Program, Addiction and Mental Health - Calgary Zone, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | - Kelly D Schwartz
- Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Paul D Arnold
- The Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Changes in Adolescents' Psychosocial Functioning and Well-Being as a Consequence of Long-Term COVID-19 Restrictions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18168755. [PMID: 34444502 PMCID: PMC8392883 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This work studied self-reports from adolescents on how the COVID-19 pandemic has changed their behaviors, relationships, mood, and victimization. Data collection was conducted between September 2020 and February 2021 in five countries (Sweden, the USA, Serbia, Morocco, and Vietnam). In total, 5114 high school students (aged 15 to 19 years, 61.8% females) responded to our electronic survey. A substantial proportion of students reported decreased time being outside (41.7%), meeting friends in real life (59.4%), and school performance (30.7%), while reporting increased time to do things they did not have time for before (49.3%) and using social media to stay connected (44.9%). One third of the adolescents increased exercise and felt that they have more control over their life. Only a small proportion of adolescents reported substance use, norm-breaking behaviors, or victimization. The overall COVID-19 impact on adolescent life was gender-specific: we found a stronger negative impact on female students. The results indicated that the majority of adolescents could adapt to the dramatic changes in their environment. However, healthcare institutions, municipalities, schools, and social services could benefit from the findings of this study in their work to meet the needs of those young people who signaled worsened psychosocial functioning, increased stress, and victimization.
Collapse
|