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Hermansen M, Nygaard M, Tan Q, Jeune B, Semkovska M, Christensen K, Thinggaard M, Mengel-From J. Cognitively high-performing oldest old individuals are physically active and have strong motor skills-A study of the Danish 1905 and 1915 birth cohorts. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2024; 122:105398. [PMID: 38460266 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2024.105398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Preserving cognitive function with age or super-aging greatly contributes to successful aging. Super-aging nonagenarians born in Denmark in either year 1905 or 1915 were classified as Cognitively High-Performing Oldest Old individuals with a five item cognitive composite score, equivalent to or better than mean middle-aged subjects. Cognitively high-performers were more physically active and had a better physical performance on e.g., Activity of Daily Living (p-value < 0.01), gait speed (p-value < 0.01) and grip strength (p-value < 0.05) compared with age-matched peers. Cognitive high-performing was also linked to lower depression symptomatology. When comparing super-agers with semi super-agers classified by Mini Mental State Examination > 27, super-agers were still more physically active and had a better physical performance (p-value < 0.05). Results suggests that physical activity is a lifestyle factor strongly associated with both semi and full cognitive super-aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Hermansen
- The Danish Twin Registry and Danish Aging Research Center, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Marianne Nygaard
- The Danish Twin Registry and Danish Aging Research Center, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Qihua Tan
- The Danish Twin Registry and Danish Aging Research Center, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Biochemistry, Odense University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Bernard Jeune
- The Danish Twin Registry and Danish Aging Research Center, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Maria Semkovska
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kaare Christensen
- The Danish Twin Registry and Danish Aging Research Center, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Department of Biochemistry, Odense University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Mikael Thinggaard
- The Danish Twin Registry and Danish Aging Research Center, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jonas Mengel-From
- The Danish Twin Registry and Danish Aging Research Center, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
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2
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Understanding Health Deterioration and the Dynamic Relationship between Physical Ability and Cognition among a Cohort of Danish Nonagenarians. J Aging Res 2020; 2020:4704305. [PMID: 32655951 PMCID: PMC7323846 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4704305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to determine how demographics, socioeconomic characteristics, and lifestyle affect physical and cognitive health transitions among nonagenarians, whether these transitions follow the same patterns, and how each dimension affects the transitions of the other. We applied a multistate model for panel data to 2262 individuals over a 2-year follow-up period from the 1905 Danish Cohort survey. Within two years from baseline, the transition probability from good to bad physical health-ability to stand up from a chair-was higher than dying directly (29% vs. 25%), while this was not observed for cognition (24% vs. 27%) evaluated with Mini-Mental State Examination-a score lower than 24 indicates poor cognitive health. Probability of dying either from bad physical or cognitive health condition was 50%. Health transitions were associated with sex, education, living alone, body mass index, and physical activity. Physical and cognitive indicators were associated with deterioration of cognitive and physical status, respectively, and with survivorship from a bad health condition. We conclude that physical and cognitive health deteriorated differently among nonagenarians, even if they were related to similar sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics and resulted dynamically related with each other.
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3
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Oksuzyan A, Sauer T, Gampe J, Höhn A, Wod M, Christensen K, Wastesson JW. Is Who you Ask Important? Concordance Between Survey and Registry Data on Medication Use Among Self- and Proxy-Respondents in the Longitudinal Study of Aging Danish Twins and the Danish 1905-Cohort Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2020; 74:742-747. [PMID: 29924318 PMCID: PMC6477639 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gly104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study investigates the accuracy of the reporting of medication use by proxy- and self-respondents, and it compares the prognostic value of the number of medications from survey and registry data for predicting mortality across self- and proxy-respondents. Methods The study is based on the linkage of the Longitudinal Study of Aging Danish Twins and the Danish 1905–Cohort Study with the Danish National Prescription Registry. We investigated the concordance between survey and registry data, and the prognostic value of medication use when assessed using survey and registry data, to predict mortality for self- and proxy-respondents at intake surveys. Results Among self-respondents, the agreement was moderate (κ = 0.52–0.58) for most therapeutic groups, whereas among proxy-respondents, the agreement was low to moderate (κ = 0.36–0.60). The magnitude of the relative differences was, generally, greater among proxies than among self-respondents. Each additional increase in the total number of medications was associated with 7%–8% mortality increase among self- and 4%–6% mortality increase among proxy-respondents in both the survey and registry data. The predictive value of the total number of medications estimated from either data source was lower among proxies (c-statistic = 0.56–0.58) than among self-respondents (c-statistic = 0.74). Conclusions The concordance between survey and registry data regarding medication use and the predictive value of the number of medications for mortality were lower among proxy- than among self-respondents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Oksuzyan
- Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany
| | - Torsten Sauer
- Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany.,Institute for Sociology and Demography, University of Rostock, Germany
| | - Jutta Gampe
- Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany
| | - Andreas Höhn
- Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany.,Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense
| | - Mette Wod
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense.,Danish Aging Research Center, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense
| | - Kaare Christensen
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense.,Danish Aging Research Center, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense
| | - Jonas W Wastesson
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute and Stockholm University, Sweden
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4
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Wod M, Jensen MT, Galatius S, Hjelmborg JB, Jensen GB, Christensen K. Resting heart rate and mortality in the very old. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2019; 79:566-571. [DOI: 10.1080/00365513.2019.1672085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mette Wod
- Department of Public Health, The Danish Aging Research Center, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- The Unit of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, the Danish Twin Registry, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Søren Galatius
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacob B. Hjelmborg
- The Unit of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, the Danish Twin Registry, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Gorm B. Jensen
- The Copenhagen City Heart Study, Copenhagen University Hospital Frederiksberg, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kaare Christensen
- Department of Public Health, The Danish Aging Research Center, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- The Unit of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, the Danish Twin Registry, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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5
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Cecchi F, Pancani S, Molino-Lova R, Castagnoli C, Paperini A, Boni R, Gori G, Macchi C. Independent Functioning in Nonagenarians Living in a Rural Italian Community: The Mugello Study. J Appl Gerontol 2019; 39:259-268. [PMID: 31232132 DOI: 10.1177/0733464819858575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonagenarians are a fast-growing population deserving specific research. We explored the prevalence and characteristics of functionally independent nonagenarians from a rural community-dwelling Italian population. Data were collected in the Mugello Study; 475 persons aged ≥90 years (median age, 92) underwent a home-based clinical and functional assessment, including psychosocial, clinical, functional, and lifestyle history and status and physical and instrumental examinations. Sixty-eight (15%) persons reported no need for help in basic and instrumental daily living activities. Among variables significantly associated with independent functionality after age- and gender-adjusted cross-sectional analysis, lower body mass index (BMI; p = .034) and depressive symptoms (p = .028), higher current physical activity (p < .001), better cognitive status (p = .033), and lower medication intake (p = .048) were associated with reporting no disability in the logistic regression analysis. Disability was mainly associated with current lifestyle-related potentially modifiable factors. Thus, lifestyle-oriented multidimensional interventions, should be developed and evaluated for their potential effects on functionality, even in the oldest old.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Cecchi
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Florence, Italy
| | - S Pancani
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Florence, Italy
| | | | - C Castagnoli
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Florence, Italy
| | - A Paperini
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Florence, Italy
| | - R Boni
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Florence, Italy
| | - G Gori
- Humanitas Association, Florence, Italy
| | - C Macchi
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Florence, Italy.,Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy
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6
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Bubier JA, Sutphin GL, Reynolds TJ, Korstanje R, Fuksman-Kumpa A, Baker EJ, Langston MA, Chesler EJ. Integration of heterogeneous functional genomics data in gerontology research to find genes and pathway underlying aging across species. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214523. [PMID: 30978202 PMCID: PMC6461221 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the biological mechanisms behind aging, lifespan and healthspan is becoming increasingly important as the proportion of the world's population over the age of 65 grows, along with the cost and complexity of their care. BigData oriented approaches and analysis methods enable current and future bio-gerontologists to synthesize, distill and interpret vast, heterogeneous data from functional genomics studies of aging. GeneWeaver is an analysis system for integration of data that allows investigators to store, search, and analyze immense amounts of data including user-submitted experimental data, data from primary publications, and data in other databases. Aging related genome-wide gene sets from primary publications were curated into this system in concert with data from other model-organism and aging-specific databases, and applied to several questions in genrontology using. For example, we identified Cd63 as a frequently represented gene among aging-related genome-wide results. To evaluate the role of Cd63 in aging, we performed RNAi knockdown of the C. elegans ortholog, tsp-7, demonstrating that this manipulation is capable of extending lifespan. The tools in GeneWeaver enable aging researchers to make new discoveries into the associations between the genes, normal biological processes, and diseases that affect aging, healthspan, and lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason A. Bubier
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor ME, United States of America
| | - George L. Sutphin
- The University of Arizona, Molecular and Cellular Biology, United States of America
| | | | - Ron Korstanje
- The Jackson Laboratory Nathan Shock Center of Excellence in the Basic Biology of Aging, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, United States of America
| | | | | | | | - Elissa J. Chesler
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor ME, United States of America
- The Jackson Laboratory Nathan Shock Center of Excellence in the Basic Biology of Aging, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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7
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Odden MC, Koh WJH, Arnold AM, Rawlings AM, Psaty BM, Newman AB. Trajectories of Nonagenarian Health: Sex, Age, and Period Effects. Am J Epidemiol 2019; 188:382-388. [PMID: 30407481 PMCID: PMC6357807 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwy241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The US population aged 90 years or more is growing rapidly, and there are limited data on their health. The Cardiovascular Health Study is a prospective study of black and white adults aged ≥65 years recruited in 2 waves (1989-1990 and 1992-1993) from Medicare eligibility lists in Forsyth County, North Carolina; Sacramento County, California; Washington County, Maryland; and Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. We created a synthetic cohort of the 1,889 participants who had reached age 90 years at baseline or during follow-up through July 16, 2015. Participants entered the cohort at 90 years of age, and we evaluated their changes in health after age 90 years (median duration of follow-up, 3 years (interquartile range, 1.3-5)). Measures of health included cardiovascular events, cognitive function, depressive symptoms, prescription medications, self-rated health, and functional status. The mortality rate was high: 19.0 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval : 17.8, 20.3) in women and 20.9 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval: 19.2, 22.8) in men. Cognitive function and all measures of functional status declined with age; these changes were similar by sex. When we isolated period effects, we found that medication use increased over time. These estimates can help inform future research and can help health-care systems meet the needs of this growing population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle C Odden
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Research and Policy, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - William Jen Hoe Koh
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Alice M Arnold
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Andreea M Rawlings
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit and Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Departments of Epidemiology and Health Services, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington
| | - Anne B Newman
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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8
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Rasmussen SH, Andersen-Ranberg K, Thinggaard M, Jeune B, Skytthe A, Christiansen L, Vaupel JW, McGue M, Christensen K. Cohort Profile: The 1895, 1905, 1910 and 1915 Danish Birth Cohort Studies - secular trends in the health and functioning of the very old. Int J Epidemiol 2018; 46:1746-1746j. [PMID: 28449061 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyx053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Signe Høi Rasmussen
- Danish Aging Research Center, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Geriatrics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Karen Andersen-Ranberg
- Danish Aging Research Center, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Geriatrics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mikael Thinggaard
- Danish Aging Research Center, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Max-Planck Odense Center on the Biodemography of Aging, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Bernard Jeune
- Danish Aging Research Center, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Axel Skytthe
- Danish Aging Research Center, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lene Christiansen
- Danish Aging Research Center, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - James W Vaupel
- Danish Aging Research Center, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Max-Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany.,Max-Planck Odense Center on the Biodemography of Aging, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Matt McGue
- Danish Aging Research Center, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kaare Christensen
- Danish Aging Research Center, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Max-Planck Odense Center on the Biodemography of Aging, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Genetics.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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9
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Inderjeeth CA, Hanna KR. Demographic and medical characteristics of hospitalised oldest old. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.15406/mojgg.2018.03.00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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10
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Dato S, Soerensen M, De Rango F, Rose G, Christensen K, Christiansen L, Passarino G. The genetic component of human longevity: New insights from the analysis of pathway-based SNP-SNP interactions. Aging Cell 2018; 17:e12755. [PMID: 29577582 PMCID: PMC5946073 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In human longevity studies, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis identified a large number of genetic variants with small effects, yet not easily replicable in different populations. New insights may come from the combined analysis of different SNPs, especially when grouped by metabolic pathway. We applied this approach to study the joint effect on longevity of SNPs belonging to three candidate pathways, the insulin/insulin‐like growth factor signalling (IIS), DNA repair and pro/antioxidant. We analysed data from 1,058 tagging SNPs in 140 genes, collected in 1825 subjects (1,089 unrelated nonagenarians from the Danish 1905 Birth Cohort Study and 736 Danish controls aged 46–55 years) for evaluating synergic interactions by SNPsyn. Synergies were further tested by the multidimensional reduction (MDR) approach, both intra‐ and interpathways. The best combinations (FDR<0.0001) resulted those encompassing IGF1R‐rs12437963 and PTPN1‐rs6067484, TP53‐rs2078486 and ERCC2‐rs50871, TXNRD1‐rs17202060 and TP53‐rs2078486, the latter two supporting a central role of TP53 in mediating the concerted activation of the DNA repair and pro‐antioxidant pathways in human longevity. Results were consistently replicated with both approaches, as well as a significant effect on longevity was found for the GHSR gene, which also interacts with partners belonging to both IIS and DNA repair pathways (PAPPA,PTPN1,PARK7, MRE11A). The combination GHSR‐MREA11, positively associated with longevity by MDR, was further found influencing longitudinal survival in nonagenarian females (p = .026). Results here presented highlight the validity of SNP‐SNP interactions analyses for investigating the genetics of human longevity, confirming previously identified markers but also pointing to novel genes as central nodes of additional networks involved in human longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Dato
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences; University of Calabria; Rende Italy
| | - Mette Soerensen
- The Danish Aging Research Center, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography; Institute of Public Health; University of Southern Denmark; Odense C Denmark
- Department of Clinical Genetics; Odense University Hospital; Odense C Denmark
| | - Francesco De Rango
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences; University of Calabria; Rende Italy
| | - Giuseppina Rose
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences; University of Calabria; Rende Italy
| | - Kaare Christensen
- The Danish Aging Research Center, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography; Institute of Public Health; University of Southern Denmark; Odense C Denmark
- Department of Clinical Genetics; Odense University Hospital; Odense C Denmark
| | - Lene Christiansen
- The Danish Aging Research Center, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography; Institute of Public Health; University of Southern Denmark; Odense C Denmark
| | - Giuseppe Passarino
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences; University of Calabria; Rende Italy
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11
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Wod M, Jensen MT, Galatius S, Hjelmborg JB, Jensen GB, Christensen K. Resting Heart Rate Is Not Associated with Cognitive Function. Neuroepidemiology 2018; 50:160-167. [PMID: 29566380 DOI: 10.1159/000487802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS In order to examine the hypothesis that elevated resting heart rate (RHR) is associated with impaired cognitive score, we investigated the relationship between RHR and cognitive score in middle-aged, elderly and old Danish subjects from the general population. METHODS Composite cognitive scores derived from the result of 5 age-sensitive cognitive tests for a total of 7,002 individuals (Middle-aged Danish twin: n = 4,132, elderly Danish twins: n = 2,104 and Danish nonagenarian: n = 766) divided according to RHR and compared using linear regression models adjusted for sex, age, previous heart conditions and hypertension. RHR was assessed by palpating radial pulse. Genetic and shared environmental confounding was addressed in intrapair analyses of 2,049 twin pairs. RESULTS In unadjusted multivariate models and in multivariable models adjusting for age, sex, heart conditions and hypertension, RHR was not associated with cognitive function. Furthermore, the intrapair analyses showed that RHR was not associated with cognitive score testing within twin pairs, as measured by the proportion of twin pairs in which the twin with higher RHR also was the twin with the lowest composite cognitive score (1,049 pairs of 2,049 pairs [51% (95% CI 49-53), p < 0.289]). CONCLUSION While elevated RHR has been shown to be associated with adverse health events and poor fitness level, RHR has no relation to cognitive function in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Wod
- The Unit of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, The Danish Twin Registry, The Danish Aging Research Center, Odense, Denmark
| | - Magnus Thorsten Jensen
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev-Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Galatius
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacob B Hjelmborg
- The Unit of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, The Danish Twin Registry, The Danish Aging Research Center, Odense, Denmark
| | - Gorm B Jensen
- The Copenhagen City Heart Study, Copenhagen University Hospital Frederiksberg, Frederiksberg, Denmark.,National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kaare Christensen
- The Unit of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, The Danish Twin Registry, The Danish Aging Research Center, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Genetics and Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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12
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Nygaard M, Thinggaard M, Christensen K, Christiansen L. Investigation of the 5q33.3 longevity locus and age-related phenotypes. Aging (Albany NY) 2017; 9:247-255. [PMID: 28100865 PMCID: PMC5310666 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A large meta-analysis recently found the 5q33.3 locus to be associated with survival to ≥ 90 years and lower all-cause mortality, thus suggesting it as a third human longevity locus alongside APOE and FOXO3A. The 5q33.3 locus has previously been associated with blood pressure regulation and cardiovascular diseases in middle-aged individuals. However, part of the influence on mortality appears to be independent of cardiovascular phenotypes, and the role of the 5q33.3 locus in longevity and survival is therefore still partly unknown. We investigated the association between the longevity-associated variant rs2149954 on chromosome 5q33.3 and age-related phenotypes in two cohorts of 1,588 and 1,271 long-lived individuals (mean ages 93.1 and 95.9 years, respectively) as well as in 700 middle-aged and 677 elderly individuals (mean ages 52.5 and 78.7 years). Altogether, nominally significant associations between the rs2149954 minor allele and a decreased risk of heart attack and heart failure as well as increased physical functioning were found in the long-lived individuals. In the middle-aged and elderly individuals, rs2149954 minor allele carriers had a lower risk of hypertension. Our results thereby confirm a role of the 5q33.3 locus in cardiovascular health and, interestingly, they also suggest a role in physical functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Nygaard
- The Danish Aging Research Center, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense C, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Mikael Thinggaard
- The Danish Aging Research Center, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense C, Denmark.,Max Planck Odense Center on the Biodemography on Aging, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Kaare Christensen
- The Danish Aging Research Center, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense C, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense C, Denmark.,Max Planck Odense Center on the Biodemography on Aging, 5000 Odense C, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Lene Christiansen
- The Danish Aging Research Center, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
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13
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Jopp DS, Boerner K, Ribeiro O, Rott C. Life at Age 100: An International Research Agenda for Centenarian Studies. J Aging Soc Policy 2017; 28:133-47. [PMID: 26984376 DOI: 10.1080/08959420.2016.1161693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Living a long life is desired by many individuals, and this dream is likely to become reality in more and more industrialized societies. During the past 3 decades, the number of very old individuals has increased significantly, creating a global demographic challenge with consequences at the individual, family, and societal levels. Yet, life in very old age is still poorly understood in terms of its unique characteristics and challenges. Besides specific content areas, very old age represents an understudied field of research. This lack of knowledge may be one reason that the very old also are an underserved population. This special issue introduces an international network of three centenarian studies that describe and compare the life circumstances and characteristics of centenarians across Germany, Portugal, and the United States. Our parallel studies comprehensively assess centenarians' physical, cognitive, social, and psychological functioning to create a knowledge base regarding their capacities and needs. A specific focus lies in the investigation of psychological aspects, social resources, and societal/cultural contexts, factors that may contribute to longevity and successful aging. Determining key characteristics of this very old population and investigating similarities and differences across countries is timely and urgent, both from an applied and a policy standpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela S Jopp
- a Institute of Psychology , University of Lausanne, and National Centre of Competence in Research "LIVES-Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives," Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Kathrin Boerner
- b Department of Gerontology, John W. McCormack Graduate School of Policy and Global Studies, University of Massachusetts Boston , Boston , Massachusetts , USA
| | - Oscar Ribeiro
- c Research and Education Unit on Aging, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (UNIFAI/ICBAS), and Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS) , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal.,d Higher Institute of Social Service of Porto (ISSSP) , Porto , Portugal.,e University of Aveiro , Aveiro , Portugal
| | - Christoph Rott
- f Institute of Gerontology , Heidelberg University , Heidelberg , Germany
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14
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Wastesson JW, Oksuzyan A, von Bornemann Hjelmborg J, Christensen K. Changes in Drug Use and Polypharmacy After the Age of 90: A Longitudinal Study of the Danish 1905 Cohort. J Am Geriatr Soc 2016; 65:160-164. [PMID: 27891576 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.14416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the longitudinal development of drug use in very old adults. DESIGN Longitudinal cohort study with waves in 1998, 2000, 2002, and 2005. SETTING Nationwide study in Denmark. PARTICIPANTS All living Danes born in 1905 were approached in 1998; 2,262 responded at baseline. MEASUREMENTS Self-reported use of regularly taken drugs. Mean and median number of drugs and growth curve models were used to identify the change in number of drugs as the cohort aged from 92 to 100. RESULTS The within-person use of drugs increased with age for women (0.19 per year; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.15-0.24) and men (0.15 per year; 95% CI = 0.06-0.24). Persons leaving the study prematurely had higher baseline values and a steeper increase in their annual use of drugs. The population-level mean number of drugs increased from baseline (3.6 drugs) to the first follow-up (4.1 drugs) but thereafter remained stable at approximately 4 drugs. Women used more drugs than men at all waves. CONCLUSION In this first longitudinal study of drug use in nonagenarians, individuals used an increasing number of drugs as they aged. This increase is difficult to detect in cross-sectional analyses of the population-level mean. More efforts to understand what is reasonable prescribing at these older ages are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas W Wastesson
- Max-Planck Odense Center on the Biodemography of Aging, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anna Oksuzyan
- Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Kaare Christensen
- Max-Planck Odense Center on the Biodemography of Aging, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Unit of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Danish Aging Research Center, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology and Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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15
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Wastesson JW, Rasmussen L, Oksuzyan A, Hallas J, Christensen K, Pottegård A. Drug use among complete responders, partial responders and non-responders in a longitudinal survey of nonagenarians: analysis of prescription register data. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2016; 26:152-161. [DOI: 10.1002/pds.4120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas W. Wastesson
- Max-Planck Odense Center on the Biodemography of Aging, Unit of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography; University of Southern Denmark; Odense Denmark
| | - Lotte Rasmussen
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Department of Public Health; University of Southern Denmark; Odense Denmark
| | - Anna Oksuzyan
- Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research; Rostock Germany
| | - Jesper Hallas
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Department of Public Health; University of Southern Denmark; Odense Denmark
| | - Kaare Christensen
- Max-Planck Odense Center on the Biodemography of Aging, Unit of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography; University of Southern Denmark; Odense Denmark
- Danish Aging Research Center, Unit of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography; University of Southern Denmark; Odense Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology; Odense University Hospital; Odense Denmark
- Department of Clinical Genetics; Odense University Hospital; Odense Denmark
| | - Anton Pottegård
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Department of Public Health; University of Southern Denmark; Odense Denmark
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16
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Cognitive Functioning after Surgery in Middle-aged and Elderly Danish Twins. Anesthesiology 2016; 124:312-21. [PMID: 26785430 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000000957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postoperative cognitive dysfunction is common, but it remains unclear whether there are long-term adverse cognitive effects of surgery combined with anesthesia. The authors examined the association between exposure to surgery and level of cognitive functioning in a sample of 8,503 middle-aged and elderly twins. METHODS Results from five cognitive tests were compared in twins exposed to surgery, classified as major, minor, hip and knee replacement, or other, with those of a reference group without surgery using linear regression adjusted for sex and age. Genetic and shared environmental confounding was addressed in intrapair analyses of 87 monozygotic and 124 dizygotic same-sexed twin pairs in whom one had a history of major surgery and the other did not. RESULTS Statistically significantly lower composite cognitive score was found in twins with at least one major surgery compared with the reference group (mean difference, -0.27; 95% CI, -0.48 to -0.06), corresponding to one tenth of an SD, that is, a negligible effect size. In the intrapair analysis, the surgery-exposed co-twin had the lower cognitive score in 49% (95% CI, 42 to 56%) of the pairs. None of the other groups differed from the reference group except the knee and hip replacement group that tended to have higher cognitive scores (mean difference, 0.35; 95% CI, -0.18 to 0.87). CONCLUSIONS A history of major surgery was associated with a negligibly lower level of cognitive functioning. The supplementary analyses suggest that preoperative cognitive functioning and underlying diseases were more important for cognitive functioning in mid- and late life than surgery and anesthesia.
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17
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Thinggaard M, McGue M, Jeune B, Osler M, Vaupel JW, Christensen K. Survival Prognosis in Very Old Adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 2016; 64:81-8. [PMID: 26782855 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.13838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether simple functional indicators are predictors of survival prognosis in very old adults. DESIGN In-person survey conducted over a 3-month period in 1998; assessment of survival over a 15-year follow-up period. SETTING Denmark. PARTICIPANTS All 3,600 Danes born in 1905 and living in Denmark in 1998, were invited to participate regardless of residence and health; 2,262 (63%) participated in the survey: 1,814 (80.2%) in person and 448 (19.8%) through a proxy. MEASUREMENTS Socioeconomic factors, medications and diseases, activities of daily living, physical performance, cognition, depression symptomatology, self-rated health, and all-cause mortality, evaluated as average remaining lifespan and chance of surviving to 100 years. RESULTS Men aged 92 to 93 had an overall 6.0% chance of surviving to 100 years, whereas the chance for women was 11.4%. Being able to rise without use of hands increased the chance for men to 11.2% (95% confidence interval (CI)=7.7-14.7) and for women to 22.0% (95% CI=18.9-25.1). When combining this with a Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores from 28 to 30, the chances were 21.7% (95% CI=11.5-31.9) for men and 34.2% (95% CI=24.8-43.5) for women. CONCLUSION Chair stand score combined with MMSE score is a quick and easy way to estimate overall chance of survival in very old adults, which is particularly relevant when treatment with potential side effects for nonacute diseases is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Thinggaard
- Danish Aging Research Center, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Matt McGue
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Bernard Jeune
- Danish Aging Research Center, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Merete Osler
- Danish Aging Research Center, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - James W Vaupel
- Danish Aging Research Center, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Max-Planck Odense Center on the Biodemography of Aging, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany
| | - Kaare Christensen
- Danish Aging Research Center, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Max-Planck Odense Center on the Biodemography of Aging, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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18
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No Association between Variation in Longevity Candidate Genes and Aging-related Phenotypes in Oldest-old Danes. Exp Gerontol 2016; 78:57-61. [PMID: 26946122 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study we explored the association between aging-related phenotypes previously reported to predict survival in old age and variation in 77 genes from the DNA repair pathway, 32 genes from the growth hormone 1/ insulin-like growth factor 1/insulin (GH/IGF-1/INS) signalling pathway and 16 additional genes repeatedly considered as candidates for human longevity: APOE, APOA4, APOC3, ACE, CETP, HFE, IL6, IL6R, MTHFR, TGFB1, SIRTs 1, 3, 6; and HSPAs 1A, 1L, 14. Altogether, 1,049 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped in 1,088 oldest-old (age 92-93 years) Danes and analysed with phenotype data on physical functioning (hand grip strength), cognitive functioning (mini mental state examination and a cognitive composite score), activity of daily living and self-rated health. Five SNPs showed association to one of the phenotypes; however, none of these SNPs were associated with a change in the relevant phenotype over time (7 years of follow-up) and none of the SNPs could be confirmed in a replication sample of 1,281 oldest-old Danes (age 94-100). Hence, our study does not support association between common variation in the investigated longevity candidate genes and aging-related phenotypes consistently shown to predict survival. It is possible that larger sample sizes are needed to robustly reveal associations with small effect sizes.
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19
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Nygaard M, Debrabant B, Tan Q, Deelen J, Andersen‐Ranberg K, Craen AJ, Beekman M, Jeune B, Slagboom PE, Christensen K, Christiansen L. Copy number variation associates with mortality in long-lived individuals: a genome-wide assessment. Aging Cell 2016; 15:49-55. [PMID: 26446717 PMCID: PMC4717275 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Copy number variants (CNVs) represent a significant source of genetic variation in the human genome and have been implicated in numerous diseases and complex traits. To date, only a few studies have investigated the role of CNVs in human lifespan. To investigate the impact of CNVs on prospective mortality at the extreme end of life, where the genetic component of lifespan appears most profound, we analyzed genomewide CNV data in 603 Danish nonagenarians and centenarians (mean age 96.9 years, range 90.0–102.5 years). Replication was performed in 500 long‐lived individuals from the Leiden Longevity Study (mean age 93.2 years, range 88.9–103.4 years). First, we assessed the association between the CNV burden of each individual (the number of CNVs, the average CNV length, and the total CNV length) and mortality and found a significant increase in mortality per 10 kb increase in the average CNV length, both for all CNVs (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.024, P = 0.002) and for duplications (HR = 1.011, P = 0.005), as well as per 100 kb increase in the total length of deletions (HR = 1.009, P = 0.0005). Next, we assessed the relation between specific deletions and duplications and mortality. Although no genome–wide significant associations were discovered, we identified six deletions and one duplication that showed consistent association with mortality in both or either of the sexes across both study populations. These results indicate that the genome–wide CNV burden, specifically the average CNV length and the total CNV length, associates with higher mortality in long‐lived individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Nygaard
- The Danish Aging Research Center Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography Department of Public Health University of Southern Denmark J.B. Winsloews Vej 9B, 5000, Odense C Denmark
- Department of Clinical Genetics Odense University Hospital Sdr. Boulevard 29, 5000, Odense C Denmark
| | - Birgit Debrabant
- The Danish Aging Research Center Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography Department of Public Health University of Southern Denmark J.B. Winsloews Vej 9B, 5000, Odense C Denmark
| | - Qihua Tan
- The Danish Aging Research Center Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography Department of Public Health University of Southern Denmark J.B. Winsloews Vej 9B, 5000, Odense C Denmark
- Department of Clinical Genetics Odense University Hospital Sdr. Boulevard 29, 5000, Odense C Denmark
| | - Joris Deelen
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology Leiden University Medical Center P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Karen Andersen‐Ranberg
- The Danish Aging Research Center Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography Department of Public Health University of Southern Denmark J.B. Winsloews Vej 9B, 5000, Odense C Denmark
| | - Anton J.M. Craen
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics Leiden University Medical Center P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Marian Beekman
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology Leiden University Medical Center P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Bernard Jeune
- The Danish Aging Research Center Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography Department of Public Health University of Southern Denmark J.B. Winsloews Vej 9B, 5000, Odense C Denmark
| | - Pieternella E. Slagboom
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology Leiden University Medical Center P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Kaare Christensen
- The Danish Aging Research Center Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography Department of Public Health University of Southern Denmark J.B. Winsloews Vej 9B, 5000, Odense C Denmark
- Department of Clinical Genetics Odense University Hospital Sdr. Boulevard 29, 5000, Odense C Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology Odense University Hospital Sdr. Boulevard 29, 5000 Odense C Denmark
| | - Lene Christiansen
- The Danish Aging Research Center Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography Department of Public Health University of Southern Denmark J.B. Winsloews Vej 9B, 5000, Odense C Denmark
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20
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Mengel-From J, Soerensen M, Nygaard M, McGue M, Christensen K, Christiansen L. Genetic Variants in KLOTHO Associate With Cognitive Function in the Oldest Old Group. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2015; 71:1151-9. [PMID: 26405063 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glv163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Decline in cognitive abilities is a major concern in aging individuals. A potential important factor for functioning of the central nervous system in late-life stages is the KLOTHO (KL) gene. KL is expressed in various organs including the brain and is involved in multiple biological processes, for example, growth factor signaling. In the present study, 19 tagging gene variants in KL were studied in relation to 2 measures of cognitive function, a 5-item cognitive composite score and the Mini Mental State Examination, in 1,480 Danes 92-100 years of age. We found that heterozygotes for the previously reported KL-VS had poorer cognitive function than noncarriers. Two other variants positioned in the 5' end of the gene, rs398655 and rs562020, were associated with better cognitive function independently of KL-VS, and the common haplotype AG was associated with poorer cognition, consistently across two cognitive measures in two cohort strata. The haplotype effect was stronger than that of KL-VS. Two variants, rs2283368 and rs9526984, were the only variants significantly associated with cognitive decline over 7 years. We discuss an age-dependent effect of KL and the possibility that multiple gene variants in KL are important for cognitive function among the oldest old participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Mengel-From
- The Danish Aging Research Center and The Danish Twin Registry, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography Unit, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark. Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Mette Soerensen
- The Danish Aging Research Center and The Danish Twin Registry, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography Unit, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark. Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Marianne Nygaard
- The Danish Aging Research Center and The Danish Twin Registry, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography Unit, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark. Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Matt McGue
- The Danish Aging Research Center and The Danish Twin Registry, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography Unit, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark. Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Kaare Christensen
- The Danish Aging Research Center and The Danish Twin Registry, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography Unit, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark. Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark. Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lene Christiansen
- The Danish Aging Research Center and The Danish Twin Registry, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography Unit, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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21
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Vestergaard S, Andersen-Ranberg K, Skytthe A, Christensen K, Robine JM, Jeune B. Health and function assessments in two adjacent Danish birth cohorts of centenarians: Impact of design and methodology. Eur J Ageing 2015; 13:15-23. [PMID: 28804369 DOI: 10.1007/s10433-015-0354-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Using the results from measures of functional ability, cognitive and physical performance from two adjacent birth cohorts of 100-year-old adults, we aimed to elucidate the possible impact of difference in participation rates, design, and interviewer mode. Participants were birth cohort members born in 1910 (DK-1910) and 1911-12 (DK-1911). Both surveys used the same assessment instruments, but the design was different, and data collection was carried out by trained survey agency interviewers in DK-1910 and trained nurses in DK-1911. Participation rate in DK-1911 (49.8 % (251/504)) was lower than in DK-1910 (66.9 % (273/408)) (p < 0.001). The proportion of interviews with the participant answering alone or mainly alone was significantly higher in DK-1911 (77 %) than in DK-1910 (56 %), and the proportion living in nursing home was significantly lower (44 vs. 54 %, respectively). Higher proportions of DK-1911 independently performed all activities of daily living (ADL) compared to DK-1910, but only significantly for toileting, bathing, and feeding (all p < 0.01). Mini-mental state examination (MMSE) score was higher in DK-1911 than in DK-1910 (23.5 vs. 21.0; p < 0.001). Handgrip strength, gait speed, and chair stand were almost similar. DK-1911 participants had significantly better one-year survival than DK-1911 non-participants and DK-1910 participants and non-participants (p = 0.001). These results suggest that lower participation rate entails selection towards healthier participants in terms of ADL and cognitive functioning. Caution is warranted when comparing studies of centenarians with different participation rates, design, and interviewer mode, and further studies of these methodological issues are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Vestergaard
- Danish Aging Research Center, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 9.B., 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Karen Andersen-Ranberg
- Danish Aging Research Center, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 9.B., 5000 Odense C, Denmark.,Geriatric Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Axel Skytthe
- Danish Aging Research Center, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 9.B., 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Kaare Christensen
- Danish Aging Research Center, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 9.B., 5000 Odense C, Denmark.,Max-Planck Odense Center on the Biodemography of Aging, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jean-Marie Robine
- French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm), Montpellier, France.,Ecole pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Paris, France
| | - Bernard Jeune
- Danish Aging Research Center, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 9.B., 5000 Odense C, Denmark
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22
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Mengel-From J, Jeune B, Pentti T, McGue M, Christensen K, Christiansen L. The APP A673T frequency differs between Nordic countries. Neurobiol Aging 2015; 36:2909.e1-4. [PMID: 26239177 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2015.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A coding gene variant A673T (rs63750847) in the APP gene has recently been recognized as a protective variant of late-onset Alzheimer's Disease in a large Icelandic population and has been observed recurrently in populations from Nordic countries. The variant also was related to longevity in the Icelandic population. However, because of the extreme rarity of A673T in non-Nordic populations, the association with Alzheimer's disease has not yet been formally replicated. Because the variant has not been reported among the Danes, we aimed to study its frequency among healthy middle-age twins and oldest-old singletons and explore the possible effects on longevity and cognitive abilities. Surprisingly, only 1 of 3487 unrelated Danes carried the A673T variant, (0.014% [95% CI 0.000-0.080]), which was significantly lower than in the other Nordic countries averaging to 0.43% (95% CI 0.40-0.46). In conclusion, the A673T variant is rarer in Danes than other Nordic countries, thus precluding assessment of association with longevity or cognitive functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Mengel-From
- The Danish Aging Research Center and The Danish Twin Registry, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography Unit, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Bernard Jeune
- The Danish Aging Research Center and The Danish Twin Registry, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography Unit, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Tienari Pentti
- Research Program Unit, Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum-Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matt McGue
- The Danish Aging Research Center and The Danish Twin Registry, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography Unit, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kaare Christensen
- The Danish Aging Research Center and The Danish Twin Registry, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography Unit, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lene Christiansen
- The Danish Aging Research Center and The Danish Twin Registry, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography Unit, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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23
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Formiga F, Ferrer A, Lombarte I, Fernández C. [The NonaSantfeliu study. Baseline assessment and ten years of follow-up]. Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol 2015; 50:143-149. [PMID: 24854969 DOI: 10.1016/j.regg.2014.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
NonaSantfeliu study: A review is presented of the studies that are part of the initial overall assessment and the studies performed during the 10 years of follow-up of a cohort of nonagenarians. It is a population-based study of 186 subjects, 76.5% women, mean age at baseline of 93.06 years, a quarter (26%) being institutionalized. The mean of baseline Barthel index was 60.8, and the mean for the Lobo's cognitive minimental was 21. Nonagenarian males with low comorbidity had more successful aging criteria than women with high comorbidity quantified with the Charlson Index. The survival rate at 10 years follow-up was very low, and 95.6% of the population had died. This represented an annual mortality rate of 9.5%. A common denominator on assessing all different annual cuts, is that the most important factors associated with mortality are those related to geriatric assessment, such as a function, cognition, dementia, and cumulative comorbidity and multiple medications, compared to more traditional risk factors described in younger populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesc Formiga
- Programa de Geriatría, Servicio de Medicina Interna, IDIBELL, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, ĹHospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, España.
| | - Assumpta Ferrer
- Centro de Atención Primaria El Plà CAP-I, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, España
| | - Inés Lombarte
- Centro de Atención Primaria El Plà CAP-I, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, España
| | - Coral Fernández
- Centro de Atención Primaria CAP Les Planes, Sant Joan Despí, Barcelona, España
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24
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Zimmermann E, Ängquist LH, Mirza SS, Zhao JH, Chasman DI, Fischer K, Qi Q, Smith AV, Thinggaard M, Jarczok MN, Nalls MA, Trompet S, Timpson NJ, Schmidt B, Jackson AU, Lyytikäinen LP, Verweij N, Mueller-Nurasyid M, Vikström M, Marques-Vidal P, Wong A, Meidtner K, Middelberg RP, Strawbridge RJ, Christiansen L, Kyvik KO, Hamsten A, Jääskeläinen T, Tjønneland A, Eriksson JG, Whitfield JB, Boeing H, Hardy R, Vollenweider P, Leander K, Peters A, van der Harst P, Kumari M, Lehtimäki T, Meirhaeghe A, Tuomilehto J, Jöckel KH, Ben-Shlomo Y, Sattar N, Baumeister SE, Smith GD, Casas JP, Houston DK, März W, Christensen K, Gudnason V, Hu FB, Metspalu A, Ridker PM, Wareham NJ, Loos RJF, Tiemeier H, Sonestedt E, Sørensen TIA. Is the adiposity-associated FTO gene variant related to all-cause mortality independent of adiposity? Meta-analysis of data from 169,551 Caucasian adults. Obes Rev 2015; 16:327-340. [PMID: 25752329 PMCID: PMC4564522 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Previously, a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs9939609, in the FTO gene showed a much stronger association with all-cause mortality than expected from its association with body mass index (BMI), body fat mass index (FMI) and waist circumference (WC). This finding implies that the SNP has strong pleiotropic effects on adiposity and adiposity-independent pathological pathways that leads to increased mortality. To investigate this further, we conducted a meta-analysis of similar data from 34 longitudinal studies including 169,551 adult Caucasians among whom 27,100 died during follow-up. Linear regression showed that the minor allele of the FTO SNP was associated with greater BMI (n = 169,551; 0.32 kg m(-2) ; 95% CI 0.28-0.32, P < 1 × 10(-32) ), WC (n = 152,631; 0.76 cm; 0.68-0.84, P < 1 × 10(-32) ) and FMI (n = 48,192; 0.17 kg m(-2) ; 0.13-0.22, P = 1.0 × 10(-13) ). Cox proportional hazard regression analyses for mortality showed that the hazards ratio (HR) for the minor allele of the FTO SNPs was 1.02 (1.00-1.04, P = 0.097), but the apparent excess risk was eliminated after adjustment for BMI and WC (HR: 1.00; 0.98-1.03, P = 0.662) and for FMI (HR: 1.00; 0.96-1.04, P = 0.932). In conclusion, this study does not support that the FTO SNP is associated with all-cause mortality independently of the adiposity phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Zimmermann
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - L H Ängquist
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S S Mirza
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J H Zhao
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - D I Chasman
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - K Fischer
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Q Qi
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - A V Smith
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- University of Icelandic, Reykajvik, Iceland
| | - M Thinggaard
- The Danish Aging Research Center and The Danish Twin Registry, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - M N Jarczok
- Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - M A Nalls
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - S Trompet
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - N J Timpson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - B Schmidt
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - A U Jackson
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - L P Lyytikäinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
- School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - N Verweij
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M Mueller-Nurasyid
- Department of Medicine I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Herz-Kreislauferkrankungen (DZHK), Partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - M Vikström
- Karolinska Institutet, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Unit of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P Marques-Vidal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A Wong
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, University College London, London, UK
| | - K Meidtner
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - R P Middelberg
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - R J Strawbridge
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L Christiansen
- The Danish Aging Research Center and The Danish Twin Registry, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - K O Kyvik
- Institute of Regional Health Services Research and Odense Patient data Explorative Network, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - A Hamsten
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T Jääskeläinen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - A Tjønneland
- Danish Cancer Society Research Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J G Eriksson
- Diabetes Prevention Unit, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland
- Unit of General Practice, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J B Whitfield
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - H Boeing
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - R Hardy
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, University College London, London, UK
| | - P Vollenweider
- Department of Internal Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - K Leander
- Karolinska Institutet, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Unit of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Peters
- Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Herz-Kreislauferkrankungen (DZHK), Partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - P van der Harst
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Genetic, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Neterlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M Kumari
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
- ISER, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
| | - T Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
- School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - A Meirhaeghe
- Inserm, U744, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - J Tuomilehto
- Diabetes Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Centre for Vascular Prevention, Danube-University Krems, Krems, Austria
- Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria del Hospital Universario LaPaz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
- Diabetes Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - K-H Jöckel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Y Ben-Shlomo
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - N Sattar
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Glasgow, UK
| | - S E Baumeister
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - G Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - J P Casas
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - D K Houston
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - W März
- Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Rheumatology), Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Synlab Academy, Synlab Services GmbH, Mannheim, Germany
| | - K Christensen
- The Danish Aging Research Center and The Danish Twin Registry, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - V Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- University of Icelandic, Reykajvik, Iceland
| | - F B Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - A Metspalu
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - P M Ridker
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - N J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - R J F Loos
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - H Tiemeier
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E Sonestedt
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - T I A Sørensen
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Basic Metabolic Research, Section on Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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25
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Kelfve S, Lennartsson C, Agahi N, Modig K. Do postal health surveys capture morbidity and mortality in respondents aged 65 years and older? A register-based validation study. Scand J Public Health 2015; 43:348-55. [DOI: 10.1177/1403494815575340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Non-response to population surveys is a common problem in epidemiological and public health research. Systematic non-response threatens the validity of results. Researchers rarely evaluate the magnitude of systematic non-response because of limited access to population data. This study explores how well morbidity and mortality in postal survey respondents aged 65 years and older represented that of the target population. Methods: The 2010 Stockholm Public Health Survey and the Swedish Population Register were linked to the Cause of Death Register and the National Patient Register in Sweden. Differences were analysed between the response group and the corresponding population in mortality, hospital admission, days spent in hospital and number of diagnoses. Finally, data were weighted for non-response to see if this improved generalizability. Results: Non-response increased with age, and this increase was more pronounced among women than men. Respondents were marginally less often admitted to hospital, hospitalized fewer days and had slightly fewer diagnoses than the population, in particular after age 80. Significantly fewer women died in the response group than in the population as a whole. In terms of mortality among men and in terms of hospitalizations for most age groups, the respondents represented the population fairly well. Non-response weighting adjustment did not improve generalizability. Conclusions: Postal questionnaires are likely to capture morbidity (hospitalization) among women and men aged 65-80 years old and mortality among men, while morbidity after age 80 and mortality in women are likely to be underestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Kelfve
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm University, Sweden
- Department of Sociology, Stockholm University, Sweden
| | - Carin Lennartsson
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm University, Sweden
| | - Neda Agahi
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm University, Sweden
| | - Karin Modig
- Institute of Environmental Epidemiology, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
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26
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Soerensen M, Nygaard M, Dato S, Stevnsner T, Bohr VA, Christensen K, Christiansen L. Association study of FOXO3A SNPs and aging phenotypes in Danish oldest-old individuals. Aging Cell 2015; 14:60-6. [PMID: 25470651 PMCID: PMC4326903 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
FOXO3A variation has repeatedly been reported to associate with human longevity, yet only few studies have investigated whether FOXO3A variation also associates with aging-related traits. Here, we investigate the association of 15 FOXO3A tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 1088 oldest-old Danes (age 92-93) with 4 phenotypes known to predict their survival: cognitive function, hand grip strength, activity of daily living (ADL), and self-rated health. Based on previous studies in humans and foxo animal models, we also explore self-reported diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, and bone (femur/spine/hip/wrist) fracture. Gene-based testing revealed significant associations of FOXO3A variation with ADL (P = 0.044) and bone fracture (P = 0.006). The single-SNP statistics behind the gene-based analysis indicated increased ADL (decreased disability) and reduced bone fracture risk for carriers of the minor alleles of 8 and 10 SNPs, respectively. These positive directions of effects are in agreement with the positive effects on longevity previously reported for these SNPs. However, when correcting for the test of 9 phenotypes by Bonferroni correction, bone fracture showed borderline significance (P = 0.054), while ADL did not (P = 0.396). Although the single-SNP associations did not formally replicate in another study population of oldest-old Danes (n = 1279, age 94-100), the estimates were of similar direction of effect as observed in the Discovery sample. A pooled analysis of both study populations displayed similar or decreased sized P-values for most associations, hereby supporting the initial findings. Nevertheless, confirmation in additional study populations is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Soerensen
- The Danish Aging Research Center, Epidemiology; Biostatistics and Biodemography; Institute of Public Health; University of Southern Denmark; J.B. Winsloews Vej 9B 5000 Odense C Denmark
- Department of Clinical Genetics; Odense University Hospital; Sdr. Boulevard 29 5000 Odense C Denmark
| | - Marianne Nygaard
- The Danish Aging Research Center, Epidemiology; Biostatistics and Biodemography; Institute of Public Health; University of Southern Denmark; J.B. Winsloews Vej 9B 5000 Odense C Denmark
- Department of Clinical Genetics; Odense University Hospital; Sdr. Boulevard 29 5000 Odense C Denmark
| | - Serena Dato
- The Danish Aging Research Center, Epidemiology; Biostatistics and Biodemography; Institute of Public Health; University of Southern Denmark; J.B. Winsloews Vej 9B 5000 Odense C Denmark
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science; University of Calabria; Ponte Pietro Bucci cubo 4C 87036 Rende (Cs) Italy
| | - Tinna Stevnsner
- The Danish Aging Research Center; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics; Aarhus University; C. F. Moellers Allé 3 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Vilhelm A. Bohr
- The Danish Aging Research Center; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics; Aarhus University; C. F. Moellers Allé 3 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology; National Institute on Aging; National Institute of Health; 251 Bayview Boulevard 21224-6825 Baltimore MD USA
| | - Kaare Christensen
- The Danish Aging Research Center, Epidemiology; Biostatistics and Biodemography; Institute of Public Health; University of Southern Denmark; J.B. Winsloews Vej 9B 5000 Odense C Denmark
- Department of Clinical Genetics; Odense University Hospital; Sdr. Boulevard 29 5000 Odense C Denmark
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology; Odense University Hospital; Sdr. Boulevard 29 5000 Odense C Denmark
| | - Lene Christiansen
- The Danish Aging Research Center, Epidemiology; Biostatistics and Biodemography; Institute of Public Health; University of Southern Denmark; J.B. Winsloews Vej 9B 5000 Odense C Denmark
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27
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Mangino M, Christiansen L, Stone R, Hunt SC, Horvath K, Eisenberg DTA, Kimura M, Petersen I, Kark JD, Herbig U, Reiner AP, Benetos A, Codd V, Nyholt DR, Sinnreich R, Christensen K, Nassar H, Hwang SJ, Levy D, Bataille V, Fitzpatrick AL, Chen W, Berenson GS, Samani NJ, Martin NG, Tishkoff S, Schork NJ, Kyvik KO, Dalgård C, Spector TD, Aviv A. DCAF4, a novel gene associated with leucocyte telomere length. J Med Genet 2015; 52:157-62. [PMID: 25624462 PMCID: PMC4345921 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2014-102681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leucocyte telomere length (LTL), which is fashioned by multiple genes, has been linked to a host of human diseases, including sporadic melanoma. A number of genes associated with LTL have already been identified through genome-wide association studies. The main aim of this study was to establish whether DCAF4 (DDB1 and CUL4-associated factor 4) is associated with LTL. In addition, using ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA), we examined whether LTL-associated genes in the general population might partially explain the inherently longer LTL in patients with sporadic melanoma, the risk for which is increased with ultraviolet radiation (UVR). RESULTS Genome-wide association (GWA) meta-analysis and de novo genotyping of 20 022 individuals revealed a novel association (p=6.4×10(-10)) between LTL and rs2535913, which lies within DCAF4. Notably, eQTL analysis showed that rs2535913 is associated with decline in DCAF4 expressions in both lymphoblastoid cells and sun-exposed skin (p=4.1×10(-3) and 2×10(-3), respectively). Moreover, IPA revealed that LTL-associated genes, derived from GWA meta-analysis (N=9190), are over-represented among genes engaged in melanoma pathways. Meeting increasingly stringent p value thresholds (p<0.05, <0.01, <0.005, <0.001) in the LTL-GWA meta-analysis, these genes were jointly over-represented for melanoma at p values ranging from 1.97×10(-169) to 3.42×10(-24). CONCLUSIONS We uncovered a new locus associated with LTL in the general population. We also provided preliminary findings that suggest a link of LTL through genetic mechanisms with UVR and melanoma in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Mangino
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Lene Christiansen
- Epidemiology Unit, The Danish Aging Research Center and The Danish Twin Registry, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark Department of Clinical Genetics, and Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Rivka Stone
- Center of Human Development and Aging, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Steven C Hunt
- Cardiovascular Genetics Division, Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Kent Horvath
- Center of Human Development and Aging, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Dan T A Eisenberg
- Department of Anthropology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA Center for Studies in Demography and Ecology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Masayuki Kimura
- Center of Human Development and Aging, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Inge Petersen
- Epidemiology Unit, The Danish Aging Research Center and The Danish Twin Registry, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jeremy D Kark
- Epidemiology Unit, Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Utz Herbig
- Center of Human Development and Aging, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Alex P Reiner
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Athanase Benetos
- Department of Geriatrics, Universite de Lorraine INSERM U961, Nancy, France
| | - Veryan Codd
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Dale R Nyholt
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ronit Sinnreich
- Epidemiology Unit, Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Kaare Christensen
- Epidemiology Unit, The Danish Aging Research Center and The Danish Twin Registry, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark Department of Clinical Genetics, and Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Hisham Nassar
- Department of Cardiology, Hadassah University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shih-Jen Hwang
- Population Sciences Branch of the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daniel Levy
- Population Sciences Branch of the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Veronique Bataille
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK Department of Dermatology, West Herts NHS Trust, Herts, UK
| | | | - Wei Chen
- Center for Cardiovascular Health, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Gerald S Berenson
- Center for Cardiovascular Health, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Nilesh J Samani
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | | | - Sarah Tishkoff
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nicholas J Schork
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Kirsten Ohm Kyvik
- Epidemiology Unit, The Danish Aging Research Center and The Danish Twin Registry, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark Institute of Regional Health Services Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark Odense Patient data Explorative Network (OPEN), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Christine Dalgård
- Institute of Public Health, Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Timothy D Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Abraham Aviv
- Center of Human Development and Aging, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
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28
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Vestergaard S, Thinggaard M, Jeune B, Vaupel JW, McGue M, Christensen K. Physical and mental decline and yet rather happy? A study of Danes aged 45 and older. Aging Ment Health 2014; 19:400-8. [PMID: 25117759 PMCID: PMC4356733 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2014.944089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Little is known about whether the feeling of happiness follows the age-related decline in physical and mental functioning. The objective of this study was to analyze differences with age in physical and mental functions and in the feeling of happiness among Danes aged 45 years and older. METHOD Three Danish population-based surveys including 11,307 participants aged 45+ years, of whom 2411 were in the age group of 90+, were conducted in the period 1995-2001. The participation rate in the three surveys was between 63% and 82% and the same design and the same instrument were used. Self-reported mobility, a cognitive composite score, and a depression symptomatology score including a question about happiness were assessed. T-score metric was used to compare across domains and age groups. RESULTS Overall, successively older age groups performed worse than the youngest age group (45-49 years), and the estimated linear decline was greater after age 70 than before age 70. For example, when comparing the oldest age group (90+ years) with the youngest, the T-score differences were found to be the largest for the mobility score (men: 40.2, women: 41.4), followed by the cognitive function (men: 22.0, women: 24.9), and the total depression symptomatology score (men: 15.5, women: 17.4). Conversely, the T-score difference in happiness was small (men: 5.6, women: 6.0). CONCLUSION Despite markedly poorer physical and mental functions with increasing age, in this Danish sample age did not seem to affect happiness to a similarly notable extent, although, in this study, cohort and age effects cannot be disentangled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Vestergaard
- Danish Aging Research Center, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mikael Thinggaard
- Danish Aging Research Center, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Bernard Jeune
- Danish Aging Research Center, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - James W. Vaupel
- Max Planck Odense Center on the Biography of Aging, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany
| | - Matt McGue
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kaare Christensen
- Danish Aging Research Center, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Max Planck Odense Center on the Biography of Aging, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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Nygaard M, Lindahl-Jacobsen R, Soerensen M, Mengel-From J, Andersen-Ranberg K, Jeune B, Vaupel JW, Tan Q, Christiansen L, Christensen K. Birth cohort differences in the prevalence of longevity-associated variants in APOE and FOXO3A in Danish long-lived individuals. Exp Gerontol 2014; 57:41-6. [PMID: 24809632 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2014.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Gene variants found to associate with human longevity in one population rarely replicate in other populations. The lack of consistent findings may partly be explained by genetic heterogeneity among long-lived individuals due to cohort differences in survival probability. In most high-income countries the probability of reaching e.g. 100years increases by 50-100% per decade, i.e. there is far less selection in more recent cohorts. Here we investigate the cohort specificity of variants in the APOE and FOXO3A genes by comparing the frequencies of the APOE ε4 allele and the minor alleles of two variants in FOXO3A at age 95+ and 100+ in 2712 individuals from the genetically homogeneous Danish birth cohorts 1895-96, 1905, 1910-11, and 1915. Generally, we find a decrease in the allele frequencies of the investigated APOE and FOXO3A variants in individuals from more recent birth cohorts. Assuming a recessive model, this negative trend is significant in 95+ year old individuals homozygous for the APOE ε4 allele (P=0.026) or for the FOXO3A rs7762395 minor allele (P=0.048). For the APOE ε4 allele, the significance is further strengthened when restricting to women (P=0.006). Supportive, but non-significant, trends are found for two of the three tested variants in individuals older than 100years. Altogether, this indicates that cohort differences in selection pressure on survival to the highest ages are reflected in the prevalence of longevity gene variants. Although the effect seems to be moderate, our findings could have an impact on genetic studies of human longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Nygaard
- The Danish Aging Research Center, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsloews Vej 9B, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Sdr. Boulevard 29, 5000 Odense C, Denmark.
| | - Rune Lindahl-Jacobsen
- The Danish Aging Research Center, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsloews Vej 9B, 5000 Odense C, Denmark.
| | - Mette Soerensen
- The Danish Aging Research Center, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsloews Vej 9B, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Sdr. Boulevard 29, 5000 Odense C, Denmark.
| | - Jonas Mengel-From
- The Danish Aging Research Center, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsloews Vej 9B, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Sdr. Boulevard 29, 5000 Odense C, Denmark.
| | - Karen Andersen-Ranberg
- The Danish Aging Research Center, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsloews Vej 9B, 5000 Odense C, Denmark.
| | - Bernard Jeune
- The Danish Aging Research Center, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsloews Vej 9B, 5000 Odense C, Denmark.
| | - James W Vaupel
- The Max-Planck Odense Center on the Biodemography of Aging, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsloews Vej 9B, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; The Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Konrad-Zuse-Straße 1, 18057 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Qihua Tan
- The Danish Aging Research Center, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsloews Vej 9B, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Sdr. Boulevard 29, 5000 Odense C, Denmark.
| | - Lene Christiansen
- The Danish Aging Research Center, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsloews Vej 9B, 5000 Odense C, Denmark.
| | - Kaare Christensen
- The Danish Aging Research Center, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsloews Vej 9B, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Sdr. Boulevard 29, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Sdr. Boulevard 29, 5000 Odense C, Denmark.
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Däumer C, Flachsbart F, Caliebe A, Schreiber S, Nebel A, Krawczak M. Adjustment for smoking does not alter the FOXO3A association with longevity. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 36:911-921. [PMID: 24014251 PMCID: PMC4039245 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-013-9578-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Human longevity is a multifactorial phenotype influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Despite its heritability of 25-32 %, the genetic background of longevity is as yet largely unexplained. Apart from APOE status, variation in the FOXO3A gene is the only confirmed genetic contributor to survival into old age. On the other hand, FOXO3A activity is known to be downregulated in various cancers, and the gene was recently identified as a novel deletion hotspot in human lung adenocarcinoma. In view of the strong association between smoking and lung cancer, we set out to explore whether smoking modifies the known association between FOXO3A variation and longevity. To this end, we conducted a case-control study in two different populations, drawing upon extensive collections of old-aged individuals and younger controls available to us (1,613 German centenarians/nonagenarians and 1,104 controls; 1,088 Danish nonagenarians and 736 controls). In the German sample, 21 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from the FOXO3A gene region were genotyped, whereas 15 FOXO3A SNPs were analyzed in the Danish sample. Eight SNPs were typed in both populations. Logistic regression analysis revealed that adjustment for smoking does not systematically alter the association between FOXO3A variation and longevity in neither population. Our analysis therefore suggests that the said association is not largely due to the confounding effects of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Däumer
- />Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Christian-Albrechts University, Brunswiker Straße 10, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Friederike Flachsbart
- />Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts University, Schittenhelmstraße 12, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Amke Caliebe
- />Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Christian-Albrechts University, Brunswiker Straße 10, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Stefan Schreiber
- />Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts University, Schittenhelmstraße 12, 24105 Kiel, Germany
- />Clinic for Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Schittenhelmstraße 12, 24105 Kiel, Germany
- />PopGen Biobank, Christian-Albrechts University, Niemannsweg 11, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Almut Nebel
- />Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts University, Schittenhelmstraße 12, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Michael Krawczak
- />Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Christian-Albrechts University, Brunswiker Straße 10, 24105 Kiel, Germany
- />PopGen Biobank, Christian-Albrechts University, Niemannsweg 11, 24105 Kiel, Germany
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Cevenini E, Cotichini R, Stazi MA, Toccaceli V, Palmas MG, Capri M, De Rango F, Dato S, Passarino G, Jeune B, Franceschi C. Health status and 6 years survival of 552 90+ Italian sib-ships recruited within the EU Project GEHA (GEnetics of Healthy Ageing). AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 36:949-66. [PMID: 24323371 PMCID: PMC4039258 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-013-9604-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
In a scenario of increasing life expectancy worldwide, it is mandatory to identify the characteristics of a healthy aging phenotype, including survival predictors, and to disentangle those related to environment/lifestyle versus those related to familiarity/genetics. To this aim we comprehensively characterised a cohort of 1,160 Italian subjects of 90 years and over (90+, mean age 93 years; age range 90-106 years) followed for 6 years survival, belonging to 552 sib-ships (familiar longevity) recruited (2005-2008) within the EU-funded GEHA project in three Italian geographic areas (Northern, Central and Southern Italy) different for urban/rural and socio-economical characteristics. On the whole, the following factors emerged as significant predictors of survival after 90 years of age: absence of cognitive impairment and physical disability, high hand grip strength scores and body mass index (BMI) values, "excellent/good" self-reported health, high haemoglobin and total cholesterol levels and low creatinine levels. These parameters, excluding BMI values, were also significantly associated within sib-ships, suggesting a strong familial/genetic component. Geographical micro-heterogeneity of survival predictors emerged, such as functional and physical status being more important in Southern than in Central and Northern Italy. In conclusion, we identified modifiable survival predictors related to specific domains, whose role and importance vary according to the geographic area considered and which can help in interpreting the genetic results obtained by the GEHA project, whose major aim is the comprehensive evaluation of phenotypic and genetic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Cevenini
- />C.I.G.—Interdepartmental Centre “L. Galvani”, University of Bologna, Piazza di Porta San Donato 1, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- />DIMES—Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 12, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - R. Cotichini
- />National Centre for Epidemiology, Surveillance and Health Promotion, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
- />IFC—Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - M. A. Stazi
- />National Centre for Epidemiology, Surveillance and Health Promotion, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - V. Toccaceli
- />National Centre for Epidemiology, Surveillance and Health Promotion, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - M. G. Palmas
- />C.I.G.—Interdepartmental Centre “L. Galvani”, University of Bologna, Piazza di Porta San Donato 1, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- />DIMES—Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 12, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - M. Capri
- />C.I.G.—Interdepartmental Centre “L. Galvani”, University of Bologna, Piazza di Porta San Donato 1, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- />DIMES—Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 12, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - F. De Rango
- />Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - S. Dato
- />Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - G. Passarino
- />Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - B. Jeune
- />Epidemiology, Danish Ageing Research Center, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - C. Franceschi
- />C.I.G.—Interdepartmental Centre “L. Galvani”, University of Bologna, Piazza di Porta San Donato 1, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- />DIMES—Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 12, 40138 Bologna, Italy
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Debrabant B, Soerensen M, Flachsbart F, Dato S, Mengel-From J, Stevnsner T, Bohr VA, Kruse TA, Schreiber S, Nebel A, Christensen K, Tan Q, Christiansen L. Human longevity and variation in DNA damage response and repair: study of the contribution of sub-processes using competitive gene-set analysis. Eur J Hum Genet 2014; 22:1131-6. [PMID: 24518833 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2013.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Revised: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA-damage response and repair are crucial to maintain genetic stability, and are consequently considered central to aging and longevity. Here, we investigate whether this pathway overall associates to longevity, and whether specific sub-processes are more strongly associated with longevity than others. Data were applied on 592 SNPs from 77 genes involved in nine sub-processes: DNA-damage response, base excision repair (BER), nucleotide excision repair, mismatch repair, non-homologous end-joining, homologous recombinational repair (HRR), RecQ helicase activities (RECQ), telomere functioning and mitochondrial DNA processes. The study population was 1089 long-lived and 736 middle-aged Danes. A self-contained set-based test of all SNPs displayed association with longevity (P-value=9.9 × 10(-5)), supporting that the overall pathway could affect longevity. Investigation of the nine sub-processes using the competitive gene-set analysis by Wang et al indicated that BER, HRR and RECQ associated stronger with longevity than the respective remaining genes of the pathway (P-values=0.004-0.048). For HRR and RECQ, only one gene contributed to the significance, whereas for BER several genes contributed. These associations did, however, generally not pass correction for multiple testing. Still, these findings indicate that, of the entire pathway, variation in BER might influence longevity the most. These modest sized P-values were not replicated in a German sample. This might, though, be due to differences in genotyping procedures and investigated SNPs, potentially inducing differences in the coverage of gene regions. Specifically, five genes were not covered at all in the German data. Therefore, investigations in additional study populations are needed before final conclusion can be drawn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Debrabant
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, The Danish Aging Research Center, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mette Soerensen
- 1] Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, The Danish Aging Research Center, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark [2] Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Friederike Flachsbart
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Serena Dato
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Jonas Mengel-From
- 1] Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, The Danish Aging Research Center, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark [2] Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Tinna Stevnsner
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, The Danish Aging Research Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Vilhelm A Bohr
- 1] Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, The Danish Aging Research Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark [2] Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institute of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Torben A Kruse
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Stefan Schreiber
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Almut Nebel
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kaare Christensen
- 1] Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, The Danish Aging Research Center, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark [2] Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark [3] Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Qihua Tan
- 1] Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, The Danish Aging Research Center, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark [2] Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lene Christiansen
- 1] Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, The Danish Aging Research Center, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark [2] Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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Mänty M, Ekmann A, Thinggaard M, Christensen K, Avlund K. Indoor mobility-related fatigue and muscle strength in nonagenarians: a prospective longitudinal study. Aging Clin Exp Res 2014; 26:39-46. [PMID: 24297217 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-013-0178-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Mobility-related fatigue is an important indicator of functional decline in old age, however, very little is known about fatigue in the oldest old population segment. The aim of this study was to examine the association between indoor mobility-related fatigue and muscle strength decline in nonagenarians. METHODS The study is based on a prospective longitudinal study of all Danes born in 1905 and assessed in 1998, 2000 and 2003, and includes 92- to 93-year-old persons who were independent of help in basic indoor mobility at baseline (n = 1,353). Fatigue was assessed at baseline and defined as a subjective feeling of fatigue when transferring or walking indoors. The outcome measure, maximum grip strength, was measured at each measurement point. RESULTS Grip strength declined throughout the study in participants with and without fatigue, but those reporting fatigue had significantly (P < .001) lower muscle strength during the entire study period. Longitudinal analyses indicated slightly slower decline in muscle strength among participants with fatigue compared to those without; however, observed selective dropout of participants with fatigue and poor performance at baseline needs to be considered when interpreting the results. Accordingly, participants without fatigue had significantly higher chances of being alive and having muscle strength above gender-specific median at first (RR 1.32, 95 % CI 1.07-1.58), second (RR 1.51, 1.06-1.96) and third (RR 1.39, 1.01-1.97) measurement points. CONCLUSIONS Indoor mobility-related fatigue in advanced later life should not merely be considered as an unpleasant symptom, but rather an indicator of physical impairment, and consequently declined physiological reserve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna Mänty
- Section of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, P.O. Box 2099, 1014, Copenhagen K, Denmark,
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Miller MR, Thinggaard M, Christensen K, Pedersen OF, Sigsgaard T. Best lung function equations for the very elderly selected by survival analysis. Eur Respir J 2014; 43:1338-46. [PMID: 24488567 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00100313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated which equations best predicted the lung function of a cohort of nonagenarians based on which best accounted for subsequent survival. In 1998, we measured lung function, grip strength and dementia score (Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE)) in a population-based sample of 2262 Danes born in 1905. Mortality was registered to 2011 when only five (0.2%) subjects were alive. In half the cohort, we recorded forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1). Complete data were available in 592 subjects with results expressed as standardised residuals (SR) using various prediction equations. Cox proportional hazard regression found lower FEV1SR was a predictor of mortality having controlled for MMSE, grip strength and sex. The US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III (1999) equations gave a better spread of median survival by FEV1SR quartile: 3.94, 3.65, 3.51 and 2.61 years with a hazard ratio for death of 1, 1.16, 1.32 and 1.60 respectively, compared with equations derived with the inclusion of elderly subjects. We conclude that extrapolating from NHANES III equations to predict lung function in nonagenarians gave better survival predictions from spirometry than when employing equations derived using very elderly subjects with possible selection bias. These findings can help inform how future lung function equations for the elderly are derived.
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Molino-Lova R, Sofi F, Pasquini G, Gori A, Vannetti F, Abbate R, Gensini GF, Macchi C. The Mugello study, a survey of nonagenarians living in Tuscany: design, methods and participants' general characteristics. Eur J Intern Med 2013; 24:745-9. [PMID: 24125724 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2013.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Revised: 08/31/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies on nonagenarians have widely investigated functional and cognitive decline, falls, predictors of mortality, inflammation and aging genetics. However, some intriguing domains, such as body composition, daily energy expenditure, sleep quality and physical activity, as well as endothelial progenitor cells and "omics" fields, such as proteomics or metabolomics, have been poorly explored. In this preliminary paper we report design, methods and characteristics of participants in the Mugello Study, a survey of nonagenarians aimed at filling these gaps. METHODS 475 non selected nonagenarians, 130 men and 345 women, mean age 92.6 years ± SD 2.6, received a visit by a trained physician at their residence. Along with the assessment of social, functional and cognitive status, reported in this paper, participants also underwent instrumental examinations, including body impedance assessment and continuous direct calorimetry, and were administered a series of validated questionnaires. Further, 385 participants accepted to undergo blood withdrawal. RESULTS In 52 cases the visit was conducted in nursing homes. Among the 423 home-living participants, 91 lived alone and 77 were not looked after by any caregiver. Altogether, 154 participants over 475 were free from disabilities and 266 showed Mini Mental State Examination raw scores ≥ 21. Men showed less disability and cognitive impairment (p<0.001, for both). CONCLUSIONS As a whole, our findings are comparable to those reported in other surveys. Future studies, by using the Mugello Study database and biologic bank, that will be available to all researchers, will shed some more light on the aging process in nonagenarians.
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Mengel-From J, Thinggaard M, Lindahl-Jacobsen R, McGue M, Christensen K, Christiansen L. CLU genetic variants and cognitive decline among elderly and oldest old. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79105. [PMID: 24244428 PMCID: PMC3828341 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The CLU gene is one of the prime genetic candidates associated with Alzheimers disease. In the present study CLU genotypes and haplotypes were associated with baseline cognition and the rate of cognitive decline in two cohorts, the Danish 1905 birth cohort (93 years of age in 1998) and the Longitudinal Study of Aging Danish twins (LSADT) (73-83 year old twins in 1997). Both Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and a cognitive composite score was attained up to six times for up to 10 years and analysed using random effects models and vital status. The rs11136000 T allele was associated with better baseline cognitive performance both in the LSADT (effect on intercept: 0.41 95% CI [-0.04; 0.87]) and the 1905 birth cohort (effect on intercept: 0.28 95% CI [0.01; 0.55]), although it did not reach significance in the LSADT cohort. However, the rs11136000 T allele was significantly associated with a steeper decline (effect on slope: -0.06 95% CI [-0.11; -0.01]) in the LSADT cohort, but not in the 1905 birth cohort. Haplotype analyses revealed that carriers of the common rs11136000, rs1532278 and rs9331888 TTC haplotype (36%) in the CLU gene performed cognitively better than non-carriers in the 1905 birth cohort (effect on intercept: 0.50 95% CI [0.12; 0.91]) and carriers of a rare TCC haplotype (1%) performed worse on the cognitive composite score (effect on intercept: -1.51 95% CI [-2.92; -0.06]). The association between the TTC haplotype and better cognitive composite score was higher among those surviving past the age of 98 (p = 0.014), and among these the TTC haplotype was borderline associated with a steep decline (effect on slope: -0.13 95% CI [-0.27; 0.00]). In summery CLU genetic variants associate with cognition in two cohorts, but the genetic effect of CLU seems to regress toward the mean when aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Mengel-From
- The Danish Aging Research Center and The Danish Twin Registry, Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Mikael Thinggaard
- The Danish Aging Research Center and The Danish Twin Registry, Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Rune Lindahl-Jacobsen
- The Danish Aging Research Center and The Danish Twin Registry, Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Matt McGue
- The Danish Aging Research Center and The Danish Twin Registry, Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Kaare Christensen
- The Danish Aging Research Center and The Danish Twin Registry, Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lene Christiansen
- The Danish Aging Research Center and The Danish Twin Registry, Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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Engberg H, Jeune B, Andersen-Ranberg K, Martinussen T, Vaupel JW, Christensen K. Optimism and survival: does an optimistic outlook predict better survival at advanced ages? A twelve-year follow-up of Danish nonagenarians. Aging Clin Exp Res 2013; 25:517-25. [PMID: 24014276 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-013-0122-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Studies examining predictors of survival among the oldest-old have primarily focused on objective measures, such as physical function and health status. Only a few studies have examined the effect of personality traits on survival, such as optimism. The aim of this study was to examine whether an optimistic outlook predicts survival among the oldest-old. METHODS The Danish 1905 Cohort Survey is a nationwide, longitudinal survey comprising all individuals born in Denmark in 1905. At baseline in 1998, a total of 2,262 persons aged 92 or 93 agreed to participate in the intake survey. The baseline in-person interview consisted of a comprehensive questionnaire including physical functioning and health, and a question about whether the respondent had an optimistic, neutral or pessimistic outlook on his or her own future. RESULTS During the follow-up period of 12 years (1998-2010) there were 2,239 deaths (99 %) in the 1905 Cohort Survey. Univariable analyses revealed that optimistic women and men were at lower risk of death compared to their neutral counterparts [HR 0.82, 95 % CI (0.73-0.93) and 0.81, 95 % CI (0.66-0.99), respectively]. When confounding factors such as baseline physical and cognitive functioning and disease were taken into account the association between optimism and survival weakened in both sexes, but the general pattern persisted. Optimistic women were still at lower risk of death compared to neutral women [HR 0.85, 95 % CI (0.74-0.97)]. The risk of death was also decreased for optimistic men compared to their neutral counterparts, but the effect was non-significant [HR 0.91, 95 % CI (0.73-1.13)]. CONCLUSION An optimistic outlook appears to be a significant predictor of survival among the oldest-old women. It may also be a significant predictor for men but the sample size is small.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henriette Engberg
- Department of Epidemiology, The Danish Aging Research Center, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark,
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Mänty M, Thinggaard M, Christensen K, Avlund K. Musculoskeletal pain and physical functioning in the oldest old. Eur J Pain 2013; 18:522-9. [PMID: 24039015 DOI: 10.1002/j.1532-2149.2013.00386.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the impact of pain on physical functioning among the oldest-old subjects. In this study, we first examined the associations between the number of painful sites and measures of physical functioning reflecting different stages of the disablement process (physical impairment, functional limitation and disability) among nonagenarians (more than ninety years old persons). Second, we described the effect of painful sites on disability during a 2-year follow-up period. METHODS This study is based on baseline (n = 1177) and 2-year follow-up (n = 709) data of the nationwide Danish 1905 cohort study. Musculoskeletal pain was assessed as reported pain in back, hips or knees when moving or resting. Physical performance measures included maximum grip strength and habitual walking speed. Disability in performing activities of daily living was defined as the need for assistive device or personal help in transferring, dressing, washing, using toilet and/or walking indoors. RESULTS At baseline, the number of painful sites was significantly associated with measured grip strength and walking speed as well as self-reported disability in a stepwise manner; the more sites with pain, the poorer the physical functioning. The follow-up analyses showed corresponding but slightly weaker stepwise associations between baseline pain and disability level at follow-up, and indicated that although on the whole, single or multi-site pain did not predict the onset of disability, multi-site pain increased the risk of developing severe disability. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study suggest that musculoskeletal pain in nonagenarians is highly prevalent and is associated with poor physical performance and disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mänty
- Section of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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Galenkamp H, Deeg DJH, Huisman M, Hervonen A, Braam AW, Jylhä M. Is self-rated health still sensitive for changes in disease and functioning among nonagenarians? J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2013; 68:848-58. [PMID: 23921719 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbt066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES With age, there is an increasing gap between relatively stable levels of self-rated health (SRH) and actual health status. This study investigates longitudinal changes in SRH and examines its sensitivity to changes in chronic conditions and functioning among people aged 90 and older. METHODS In the Vitality 90+ Study, questionnaires were sent to all people aged 90 years and older living in Tampere, Finland. Included were respondents who provided data on the 2001 measurement and at least one follow-up measurement in 2003, 2007, or 2010 (N = 334). Generalized Estimating Equations analyses examined longitudinal change in SRH and the predictive value of number of chronic conditions and a functioning score based on 5 activities. RESULTS Within 2 years, most people (56.3%) had unchanged SRH, but declined SRH (22.3%) was associated with worse baseline functioning and declined functioning. Clear declines in SRH after 6 and 9 years were associated with increased chronic conditions (odds ratio [OR] = 1.23) and decreased functioning (OR = 1.28). The impact of chronic conditions and functioning was smaller among institutionalized people (chronic conditions OR = 0.90; functioning OR = 1.18) than among people living independently (chronic conditions OR = 1.30; functioning OR = 1.44). DISCUSSION SRH among nonagenarians was sensitive to changes in the number of chronic conditions and functioning although more pronounced on the longer than on the shorter term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrike Galenkamp
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Tan Q, Soerensen M, Kruse TA, Christensen K, Christiansen L. A novel permutation test for case-only analysis identifies epistatic effects on human longevity in the FOXO gene family. Aging Cell 2013; 12:690-4. [PMID: 23607278 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic interactions or epistasis could make a substantial contribution to variation in human complex traits including longevity. However, detecting epistatic interactions in high dimensional datasets is difficult due to various reasons including multiple testing of correlated tests. We introduce a novel permutation strategy to the case-only analysis of gene-by-gene interaction using multiple SNPs. The method is applied to genes coding for Forkhead box O transcription factors which recently have been associated with human longevity across different populations hypothesizing that epistatic interaction in the regulation and expression of the FOXO gene family could contribute to the human longevity phenotype. Genotype data were collected from 1088 individuals from the Danish 1905 birth cohort aged over 92-93 years with 12 SNPs in the FOXO1a and 15 SNPs in the FOXO3a genes. Our analysis detected a joint effect between rs9486902 in FOXO3a and rs2701858 in FOXO1a that highly significantly contributes to human longevity (OR = 3.23, 95% CI: 2.93-3.53) which is consistent in both males and females. Our results were compared with published studies, and importance of our novel method and findings was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihua Tan
- Epidemiology Institute of Public Health University of Southern Denmark Odense C Denmark
- Department of Clinical Genetics Odense University Hospital Odense C Denmark
| | - Mette Soerensen
- Epidemiology Institute of Public Health University of Southern Denmark Odense C Denmark
| | - Torben A. Kruse
- Department of Clinical Genetics Odense University Hospital Odense C Denmark
| | - Kaare Christensen
- Epidemiology Institute of Public Health University of Southern Denmark Odense C Denmark
- Department of Clinical Genetics Odense University Hospital Odense C Denmark
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology Odense University Hospital Odense C Denmark
| | - Lene Christiansen
- Epidemiology Institute of Public Health University of Southern Denmark Odense C Denmark
- Department of Clinical Genetics Odense University Hospital Odense C Denmark
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Soerensen M, Dato S, Tan Q, Thinggaard M, Kleindorp R, Beekman M, Suchiman HED, Jacobsen R, McGue M, Stevnsner T, Bohr VA, de Craen AJM, Westendorp RGJ, Schreiber S, Slagboom PE, Nebel A, Vaupel JW, Christensen K, Christiansen L. Evidence from case-control and longitudinal studies supports associations of genetic variation in APOE, CETP, and IL6 with human longevity. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 35:487-500. [PMID: 22234866 PMCID: PMC3592963 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-011-9373-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 12/15/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated 102 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) covering the common genetic variation in 16 genes recurrently regarded as candidates for human longevity: APOE; ACE; CETP; HFE; IL6; IL6R; MTHFR; TGFB1; APOA4; APOC3; SIRTs 1, 3, 6; and HSPAs 1A, 1L, 14. In a case-control study of 1,089 oldest-old (ages 92-93) and 736 middle-aged Danes, the minor allele frequency (MAF) of rs769449 (APOE) was significantly decreased in the oldest-old, while the MAF of rs9923854 (CETP) was significantly enriched. These effects were supported when investigating 1,613 oldest-old (ages 95-110) and 1,104 middle-aged Germans. rs769449 was in modest linkage equilibrium (R (2)=0.55) with rs429358 of the APOE-ε4 haplotype and adjusting for rs429358 eliminated the association of rs769449, indicating that the association likely reflects the well-known effect of rs429358. Gene-based analysis confirmed the effects of variation in APOE and CETP and furthermore pointed to HSPA14 as a longevity gene. In a longitudinal study with 11 years of follow-up on survival in the oldest-old Danes, only one SNP, rs2069827 (IL6), was borderline significantly associated with survival from age 92 (P-corrected=0.064). This advantageous effect of the minor allele was supported when investigating a Dutch longitudinal cohort (N=563) of oldest-old (age 85+). Since rs2069827 was located in a putative transcription factor binding site, quantitative RNA expression studies were conducted. However, no difference in IL6 expression was observed between rs2069827 genotype groups. In conclusion, we here support and expand the evidence suggesting that genetic variation in APOE, CETP, and IL6, and possible HSPA14, is associated with human longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Soerensen
- The Danish Aging Research Center, Epidemiology, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark.
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Andersen-Ranberg K, Fjederholt KT, Madzak A, Nybo M, Jeune B. Cardiovascular diseases are largely underreported in Danish centenarians. Age Ageing 2013; 42:249-53. [PMID: 22908206 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afs108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND the substantial decline in oldest old mortality has led to more people surviving to very old age. As morbidity and disability generally increases with age epidemiological research in ageing has focused on the health of oldest olds. However, most studies are based on self-reported or physician-reported information, not objective health information. OBJECTIVE to estimate and compare the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in Danish centenarians using three different sources of information: self-reported, physician-reported and objective data. DESIGN the population-based clinical-epidemiological study of 100-year-old Danes. METHODS all eligible participants were interviewed (self-report) in their domicile and offered a clinical examination, including an electrocardiogram (ECG) and blood pressure measurement. Further health information was retrieved from general practitioners' medical files and the Danish National Discharge Register (physician report). RESULTS out of 276 eligible, 207 (75%) participated. Blood pressure and ECG were measured in 76 and 69%, respectively. There was poor agreement between self-reported and physician-reported CVDs, and between physician-reported CVDs and clinical objective CVD diagnoses. Only angina pectoris reached a Kappa value of 0.5. ECG revealed twice as many cases of myocardial infarction and ischaemia compared with physician-reported. Using both physician-reported and ECG 95 (46%) of the centenarians suffered from at least one of the diseases myocardial infarction, angina pectoris or atrial fibrillation. Adding physician-reported heart failure and hypertension increased the prevalence of CVD to 80%. CONCLUSION self-reported information largely underestimates the CVD life-time prevalence in Danish centenarians. Objective clinical examinations are necessary to evaluate true disease prevalence in oldest old.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Andersen-Ranberg
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
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Deelen J, Beekman M, Capri M, Franceschi C, Slagboom PE. Identifying the genomic determinants of aging and longevity in human population studies: progress and challenges. Bioessays 2013; 35:386-96. [PMID: 23423909 PMCID: PMC3633240 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201200148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Human lifespan variation is mainly determined by environmental factors, whereas the genetic contribution is 25–30% and expected to be polygenic. Two complementary fields go hand in hand in order to unravel the mechanisms of biological aging: genomic and biomarker research. Explorative and candidate gene studies of the human genome by genetic, transcriptomic, and epigenomic approaches have resulted in the identification of a limited number of interesting positive linkage regions, genes, and pathways that contribute to lifespan variation. The possibilities to further exploit these findings are rapidly increasing through the use of novel technologies, such as next-generation sequencing. Genomic research is progressively being integrated with biomarker studies on aging, including the application of (noninvasive) deep phenotyping and omics data – generated using novel technologies – in a wealth of studies in human populations. Hence, these studies may assist in obtaining a more holistic perspective on the role of the genome in aging and lifespan regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joris Deelen
- Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Lindahl-Jacobsen R, Tan Q, Mengel-From J, Christensen K, Nebel A, Christiansen L. Effects of the APOE ε2 allele on mortality and cognitive function in the oldest old. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2012; 68:389-94. [PMID: 23051975 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gls192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Some studies indicate that the APOE ε2 allele may have a protective effect on mortality and mental health among the elderly adults. We investigated the effect of the APOE ε2 allele on cognitive function and mortality in 1651 members of the virtually extinct Danish 1905 birth cohort. We found no protective effect of the APOE ε2 allele on mortality compared with the APOE ε3 allele. The point estimates indicated an increased protection against cognitive decline over time for persons with the APOE ε2 allele. Cognitive score did not significantly modify the mortality risk of the various APOE genotypes. We did not find a protective effect of the APOE ε2 allele on mortality among the oldest old, but in agreement with our previous findings, we found a 22% increased mortality risk for APOE ε4 carriers. The APOE ε2 allele may be protective on cognitive decline among the oldest old.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rune Lindahl-Jacobsen
- Danish Aging Research Center, Epidemiology, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 9B, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark.
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AKT1 fails to replicate as a longevity-associated gene in Danish and German nonagenarians and centenarians. Eur J Hum Genet 2012; 21:574-7. [PMID: 22929028 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2012.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to APOE and FOXO3, AKT1 has recently been suggested as a third consistent longevity gene, with variants in AKT1 found to be associated with human lifespan in two previous studies. Here, we evaluated AKT1 as a longevity-associated gene across populations by attempting to replicate the previously identified variant rs3803304 as well as by analyzing six additional AKT1 single-nucleotide polymorphisms, thus capturing more of the common variation in the gene. The study population was 2996 long-lived individuals (nonagenarians and centenarians) and 1840 younger controls of Danish and German ancestry. None of the seven SNPs tested were significantly associated with longevity in either a case-control or a longitudinal setting, although a supportive nominal indication of a disadvantageous effect of rs3803304 was found in a restricted group of Danish centenarian men. Overall, our results do not support AKT1 as a universal longevity-associated gene.
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Tan Q, Jacobsen R, Sørensen M, Christiansen L, Kruse TA, Christensen K. Analyzing age-specific genetic effects on human extreme age survival in cohort-based longitudinal studies. Eur J Hum Genet 2012; 21:451-4. [PMID: 22892531 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2012.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The analysis of age-specific genetic effects on human survival over extreme ages is confronted with a deceleration pattern in mortality that deviates from traditional survival models and sparse genetic data available. As human late life is a distinct phase of life history, exploring the genetic effects on extreme age survival can be of special interest to evolutionary biology and health science. We introduce a non-parametric survival analysis approach that combines population survival information with individual genotype data in assessing the genetic effects in cohort-based longitudinal studies. Our approach is characterized by non-parametric analysis of late age survival to capture the observed pattern of mortality deceleration and frailty modeling to account for individual heterogeneity in unobserved frailty. The method is applied to ApoE genotype data in the Danish 1905 birth cohort to estimate effect of the e4 allele. Our results revealed an age-specific relative risk of the allele that increases nonlinearly with age and non-proportional patterns in hazard of death for carriers and non-carriers of the allele, suggesting that the e4 mutation preserves its deleterious effect that progressively affect human survival even at extreme ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihua Tan
- Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark.
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Dato S, Soerensen M, Montesanto A, Lagani V, Passarino G, Christensen K, Christiansen L. UCP3 polymorphisms, hand grip performance and survival at old age: association analysis in two Danish middle aged and elderly cohorts. Mech Ageing Dev 2012; 133:530-7. [PMID: 22743239 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2012.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Revised: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 06/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
An efficient uncoupling process is generally considered to have a protective effect on the aging muscle by slowing down its age-related decay. Genetic polymorphisms in the Uncoupling Protein 3 (UCP3) gene, whose product is mainly expressed in skeletal muscle, were suggested to be associated with hand grip (HG) performances in elderly populations. Considering the population specificity of the quality of aging, we aimed to add further support to this evidence by analyzing the association between four SNPs in the UCP3 gene and relative haplotypes in two large cohorts of middle aged (N=708) and oldest old Danes (N=908). We found that the variability at rs1685354 and rs11235972 was associated with HG levels both at single and haplotypic level in both cohorts. Furthermore, taking advantage of large cohort and period survival data of the oldest cohort, we tested the association of each SNP with survival at 10years from the baseline visit. Interestingly, we found that allele A at rs11235972, associated in this cohort with lowest HG scores, influences also the survival patterns, with people carrying this allele showing higher mortality rates. On the whole, our work supports the role of UCP3 gene in functional status and survival at old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Dato
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Calabria, Ponte Pietro Bucci cubo 4C, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy.
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Mänty M, Ekmann A, Thinggaard M, Christensen K, Avlund K. Fatigability in basic indoor mobility in nonagenarians. J Am Geriatr Soc 2012; 60:1279-85. [PMID: 22702341 DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2012.04034.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the prevalence and associated health factors of indoor mobility-related fatigability in nonagenarians. DESIGN A cross-sectional observational study of all Danes born in 1905 and assessed in 1998. SETTING Community, sheltered housing and nursing homes. PARTICIPANTS Individuals aged 92 and 93 (N = 1,181) who were independent of help in basic indoor mobility. MEASUREMENTS Fatigability in basic indoor mobility was defined as a subjective feeling of fatigue when transferring or walking indoors. Other standardized assessments include self-report measures of medical history and performance-based assessments of walking speed and maximum handgrip strength. RESULTS Twenty-six percent of participants reported fatigability when transferring or walking indoors; fatigability was more common in participants living in sheltered housing (32%) than in those living independently (23%, P < .001). Cardiovascular diseases, musculoskeletal pain, medications, walking speed, and depressive symptoms were independently associated with fatigability. CONCLUSION Fatigability in basic everyday mobility is common in nondisabled nonagenarians. The results also indicate important associations between fatigability and potentially modifiable health factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna Mänty
- Section of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health, , University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Dato S, Montesanto A, Lagani V, Jeune B, Christensen K, Passarino G. Frailty phenotypes in the elderly based on cluster analysis: a longitudinal study of two Danish cohorts. Evidence for a genetic influence on frailty. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2012; 34:571-82. [PMID: 21567248 PMCID: PMC3337941 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-011-9257-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2011] [Accepted: 04/17/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Frailty is a physiological state characterized by the deregulation of multiple physiologic systems of an aging organism determining the loss of homeostatic capacity, which exposes the elderly to disability, diseases, and finally death. An operative definition of frailty, useful for the classification of the individual quality of aging, is needed. On the other hand, the documented heterogeneity in the quality of aging among different geographic areas suggests the necessity for a frailty classification approach providing population-specific results. Moreover, the contribution of the individual genetic background on the frailty status is still questioned. We investigated the applicability of a cluster analysis approach based on specific geriatric parameters, previously set up and validated in a southern Italian population, to two large longitudinal Danish samples. In both cohorts, we identified groups of subjects homogeneous for their frailty status and characterized by different survival patterns. A subsequent survival analysis availing of Accelerated Failure Time models allowed us to formulate an operative index able to correlate classification variables with survival probability. From these models, we quantified the differential effect of various parameters on survival, and we estimated the heritability of the frailty phenotype by exploiting the twin pairs in our sample. These data suggest the presence of a genetic influence on the frailty variability and indicate that cluster analysis can define specific frailty phenotypes in each population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Dato
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Calabria, Ponte Pietro Bucci cubo 4 C, 87036 Rende, CS Italy
- The Danish Aging Research Center, Epidemiology, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winslows Vej 9B, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Alberto Montesanto
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Calabria, Ponte Pietro Bucci cubo 4 C, 87036 Rende, CS Italy
| | - Vincenzo Lagani
- Bio Informatics Laboratory, Institute of Computer Science, Foundation for Research and Technology (Hellas), Heraklion, Greece
| | - Bernard Jeune
- The Danish Aging Research Center, Epidemiology, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winslows Vej 9B, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Kaare Christensen
- The Danish Aging Research Center, Epidemiology, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winslows Vej 9B, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Sdr Boulevard 29, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Giuseppe Passarino
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Calabria, Ponte Pietro Bucci cubo 4 C, 87036 Rende, CS Italy
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Soerensen M, Thinggaard M, Nygaard M, Dato S, Tan Q, Hjelmborg J, Andersen-Ranberg K, Stevnsner T, Bohr VA, Kimura M, Aviv A, Christensen K, Christiansen L. Genetic variation in TERT and TERC and human leukocyte telomere length and longevity: a cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis. Aging Cell 2012; 11:223-7. [PMID: 22136229 DOI: 10.1111/j.1474-9726.2011.00775.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomerase is of key importance for telomere maintenance, and variants of the genes encoding its major subunits, telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) and telomerase RNA component (TERC), are candidates for interindividual variation in telomere length. Recently, the two SNPs rs3772190 and rs12696304 in the TERC locus were reported to be associated with leukocyte telomere length (LTL) in two genome-wide association studies, while one haplotype of TERT (rs2853669, rs2736098, rs33954691, and rs2853691) has been reported to be associated with both LTL and longevity in a candidate gene study. In this study, we investigated the two TERC and four TERT SNPs in middle-aged, old, and oldest-old Danes (58-100 years) and their association with LTL (n = 864) and longevity (n = 1069). Furthermore, data on 11 TERT tagging SNPs in 1089 oldest-old and 736 middle-aged Danes were investigated with respect to longevity. For all SNPs, the association with longevity was investigated using both a cross-sectional and a longitudinal approach. Applying an additive model, we found association of LTL with the minor TERC alleles of rs3772190 (A) and rs12696304 (G), such that a shorter LTL was seen in rs3772190 A carriers (regression coefficient = -0.08, P = 0.011) and in male rs12696304 G carriers (regression coefficient = -0.13, P = 0.014). No TERT variations showed association. Moreover, the A allele of rs3772190 (TERC) was found to be associated with longevity [hazard rate (AG + AA) = 1.31, P = 0.006]. No associations with longevity were observed for the TERT SNPs or haplotypes. Our study, thus, indicates that TERC is associated with both LTL and longevity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Soerensen
- The Danish Aging Research Center, Epidemiology, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark.
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